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MESSAGE 


FROM    THK 


PRESIDENT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES 


TWO  HOUSES  OF  CONGRESS 


AT  THE  COMMENCEMENT  OF   THE 


SECOND  SESSION  OF  THE  FORTY-SEVENTH  CONGRESS 


WITH  THE 


REPORTS  OF  THE  HEADS  OF  DEPARTMExNTS 


SELECTIONS  FROM  ACCOMP.AJNYING  DOCUMENTS. 


EDITKl)    UV 

BEN:   PEllLEY   POOKE. 


^VASTTTXGTO>": 

GOVER:s:yii!;iS' T  ^UI^iTl^•G  ufftce, 

1882. 


Trepared  in  accordauco  with  the  provisions  of  the  Revised  Statutes,  approved  Juno 
23,  1874. 

Skc.  75.  The  Joint  Committee  on  Public  Printing  shall  appoint  a  competent  person, 
■who  shall  edit  such  portion  of  the  documents  accompanying  the  annual  reports  of  the 
Departments  as  they  may  deem  suitable  for  popular  distribution,  and  prepare  au 
alphabetical  index  thereto. 

Sec.  100.  The  head  of  each  Department,  except  the  Department  of  Justice,  shall 
furnish  to  the  Congressional  Printer  copies  of  the  documents  usually  accompanying 
his  annual  report  on  or  before  the  first  day  of  November  in  each  year,  and  a  copy  of 
his  annual  report  on  or  before  the  third  Monday  of  liovember  in  each  year. 

Sec.  '.>796.  Of  the  documents  named  in  this  section  there  shall  be  printed  and  bound, 
in  addition  to  the  usual  numberfor  Congress,  the  following  numbers  of  copies,  namely  : 

*  *  *  *  #  •  #  # 

Second.  Of  the  President's  message,  the  annual  reports  of  tlie  Executive  Depart- 
ments, and  the  abridgment  of  accompanying  documents,  unless  otherwise  ordered  by 
either  house,  ten  thousaud  cop*es  for  the  use  of  the  members  of  the  Senate  audtwcnty- 
iive  thousaud  coxiies  for  the  use  of  the  members  of  the  House  of  Eepreseutalives. 


3"^  ;i. 

C4^ 


OF 

THE  PEESIDENT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


^  To  the  Senate  and 

House  of  Representatives 

of  the  United  States : 
"        It  is  provided  by  the  Constitution  that  the  President  shall  from  time 
"^  to  time  give  to  the  Congress  information  of  the  state  of  the  Union,  and 
recommend  to  their  consideration  such  measures  as  he  shall  judge  nec- 
£,  essary  and  expedient. 

S  In  reviewing  the  events  of  the  year  which  has  elapsed  since  the  com- 
r-t  mencement  of  your  sessions,  I  first  call  your  attention  to  the  gratifying 
^  condition  of  our  foreign  affairs.  Our  intercourse  with  other  Towers 
ii  has  continued  to  be  of  the  most  friendly  character. 

Such  slight  differences  as  have  arisen  during  the  year  have  been 
already  settled  or  are  likely  to  reach  an  early  adjustment.  The  arrest 
^  of  citizens  of  the  United  States  in  Ireland  under  recent  laws  which  owe 
-•  their  origin  to  the  disturbed  condition  of  that  country  has  led  to  a 
f  somewhat  extended  correspondence  with  the  Government  of  Great 
^  Britain.  A  disposition  to  respect  our  rights  has  been  practically  maui- 
-)"   fest«d  by  the  release  of  the  arrested  parties. 

The  claim  of  this  nation  in  regard  to  the  supervision  and  control  of 
■^  any  inter-oceanic  canal  across  the  American  Isthmus  has  contiiniod 

to  be  the  subject  of  conference. 
5       It  is  likely  that  time  vrill  be  more  poAverful  than  discussion  in  romov- 
-    ing  the  divergence  between  the  two  nations,  whose  friendship  is  so 
h    closely  cemented  by  the  intimacy  of  their  relations  and  the  coiinmmity 
of  their  interests. 

Our  long-established  friendliness  with  Kussia  has  remained  unshaken. 
It  has  prompted  me  to  ])roffer  the  earnest  counsels  of  this  government 
that  measures  bo  adopted  for  suppressing  the  pros(;rii)tion  which  the 
]Iebrew  race  in  that  country  has  lately  sulFered.  It  has  not  transpired 
that  any  American  citizen  has  been  subjected  to  arrest  or  injury,  but 
our  courteous  remonstrance  has  nevertheless  been  court«'ously  received. 
There  is  reason  to  believe  that  the  time  is  not  far  distant  when  Ivussia 
will  be  able  to  secure  toleration  to  all  faiths  within  her  borders. 

At  an  international  convention  held  at  Paris  in  18S(),  and  atten«led 
by  representatives  of  the  United  States,  an  agreement  was  reached  iu 


4  ANNUAL    MESSAGE    OF    THE    PRESIDENT. 

res])('ct  to  tlic  protection  of  trade- iinuks,  patented  iirtieles,  and  the 
rights  of  manufacturing-  tirniB  and  corporations.  Tlie  forniiilatiiig  into 
treaties  of  the  recommendations  thus  adopted  is  receiving  the  attention 
which  it  merits. 

The  protection  of  submarine  cables  is  a  subject  now  under  considera- 
tion by  an  international  conference  at  Paris.  Believing  that  it  is  clearly 
the  true  policy  of  this  government  to  favor  the  neutralization  of  this 
means  of  intercourse,  I  requested  our  minister  to  France  to  attend  the 
convention  as  a  delegate.  I  also  designated  two  of  our  eminent  scien- 
tists to  attend  as  our  representatives  at  the  meeting  of  an  international 
committee  at  Paris,  for  considering  the  adoption  of  a  fM)mmon  unit  to 
measure  electric  force. 

In  view  of  the  frequent  occurrence  of  conferences  for  the  considera- 
tion of  important  matters  of  common  interest  to  civilized  nations,  I  re- 
spectfully suggest  that  the  Executive  be  invested  by  Congress  with 
discretionary  power  to  send  delegates  to  such  conventions,  and  that 
provision  bo  made  to  defray  the  expenses  incident  thereto. 

The  difference  between  the  United  States  and  Spain  as  to  the  effect 
of  a  judgment  and  certificate  of  naturalization  has  not  yet  been  ad- 
justed ;  but  it  is  hoped  and  believed  that  negotiations  now  in  progress 
will  result  in  the  establishment  of  the  iwsition  which  seems  to  this 
government  so  reasonable  and  just. 

I  have  already  called  the  attention  of  Congress  to  the  fact  that  in  the 
ports  of  Spain  and  its  colonies  onerous  fines  have  lately  been  imposed 
upon  vessels  of  the  United  States  for  trivial  technical  offenses  against 
local  regulations.  Efforts  for  the  abatement  of  these  exactions  have 
thus  far  proved  unsuccessful. 

I  regret  to  inform  you  also  that  the  fees  demanded  by  Spanish  con- 
suls in  American  ports  are  in  some  cases  so  large,  when  compared 
with  the  value  of  the  cargo,  as  to  amount  in  effect  to  a  considerable 
export  duty,  and  that  our  remonstrances  in  this  regard  have  not  as  yet 
received  the  attention  which  they  seem  to  deserve. 

The  German  Government  has  invited  the  United  States  to  participate 
in  an  international  exhibition  of  domestic  cattle,  to  be  held  at  Ham- 
burg in  July,  1883.  If  this  country  is  to  be  represented,  it  is  important 
that,  in  the  early  days  of  this  session,  Congress  should  make  a  suitable 
appropriation  for  that  purpose". 

The  death  of  Mr,  Marsh,  our  late  minister  to  Italy,  has  evoked  from 
that  government  expressions  of  profound  respect  for  his  exalted  char- 
acter and  for  his  honorable  career  in  the  diplomatic  service  of  his 
country.  The  Italian  Government  has  raised  a  question  as  to  the  pro- 
priety of  recoguiziug  in  his  dual  capacity  the  representative  of  this 
country  recently  accredited  both  as  secretary  of  legation  and  as  con- 
sul-general at  Rome.  He  has  been  received  as  secretary,  but  his  exe- 
quatur as  consul-general  has  thus  far  been  withheld. 


AXNUAL    MESSAGE    OF    THE    PRESIDENT.  5 

T1)0  extradition  convention  with  Belgium,  wliicli  has  been  in  opera- 
tion .since  1874,  has  been  lately  sui)plante(l  by  another.  The  Senate 
has  signified  its  approval  and  ratifications  have  been  duly  exchanged 
between  the  contracting  countries.  To  the  list  of  extra<litable  crimes 
has  been  added  that  of  the  assassination  or  attemi)ted  assassiuat'on  of 
the  chief  of  the  state. 

Negotiations  have  been  opened  with  Svvitzerhind  lonking  to  ;i  settle- 
ment by  treaty  of  the  question  whether  its  citizens  can  renounce  their 
allegiance  and  become  citizens  of  the  United.  States  without  obtaining 
the  consent  of  the  Swiss  Government. 

I  am  glad  to  inform  yon  that  the  immigration  of  x^aupers  and  criminals 
from  certain  of  tlie  cantons  of  Switzerland  has  substantially  cea.sed  and 
is  no  longer  sanctioned  by  the  authorities. 

The  consideration  of  this  subject  prompts  the  suggestion  that  the  act 
of  August  3, 1882,  whicii  has  for  its  object  the  return  of  foreign  convicts 
to  their  own  country,  should  be  so  modified  as  not  to  be  oi)en  to  the 
interpretation  that  it  aliects  the  extradition  of  criminals  on  prefened 
charges  of  crime. 

The  Ottoman  Porte  has  not  yet  assented  to  the  interpretation  which 
this  government  has  put  upon  the  treaty  of  1830  relative  to  its  juris- 
dictional rights  in  Turkey.  It  may  well  be,  however,«that  this  differ- 
ence will  be  adjusted  by  a  general  revision  of  the  system  of  jurisdiction 
of  the  United  States  in  the  countries  of  the  East — a  subject  to  which 
your  attention  has  been  already  called  by  the  Secretary  of  State. 

In  the  interest  of  justice  towards  China  and  Japan,  I  trust  that  the 
question  of  the  return  of  the  indemnity  fund  to  the  governments  of  those 
countries  will  reach,  at  the  present  session,  the  satisfactory  solution 
Avhich  I  have  already  recommended,  and  whicli  has  recently  been  fore- 
shadowed by  Congressional  discussion. 

The  treaty  latelj^  concluded  with  Corea  awaits  the  action  of  tlie 
Senate. 

During  the  late  disturbance  in  Egypt  the  timely  i>resence  of  Amer- 
ican vessels  served  as  a  protection  to  the  persons  and  projieity  of  many 
of  our  own  citizens  and  of  citizens  of  other  countries,  whose  governments 
have  expressed  their  thanks  for  tliis  assistance. 

The  recent  legislation  restricting  immigration  of  laborers  from  China 
has  given  rise  to  the  question  whellier  Chinese  proceeding  to  or  from 
another  country  may  lawfully  i)ass  through  our  own. 

Construing  the  act  of  May  G,  1881.',  in  connection  with  the  treaty  of 
November  7,  1880,  the  restriction  would  seem  to  be  limited  to  Chiueso 
immigrants  coming  to  tlie  United  States  as  laborers,  and  would  not 
forbid  a  mere  transit  across  our  territory.  I  ask  the  attention  of  Con- 
gress to  the  subject  for  such  action,  if  any,  as  tnaj'be  deemetl  advisable. 

This  government  has  recently  had  occasion  to  manifest  its  interest 
in  the  Kepublic  of  Liberia  by  seeking  to  aid  the  amicable  settlement 
of  the  boundary  dispute  now  pending  between  that  n^public  and  tlie 
British  possession  of  Sierra  Leone. 


6  ANNUAL   MESSAGE    OP   THE    PRESIDENT. 

The  reciprocity  treaty  with  Hawaii  will  become  terminable  after  Sep- 
tember 1),  1883,  on  twelve  mouths'  notice  by  either  party.  While  certain 
provisions  of  that  compact  may  have  proved  onerous,  its  existence  has 
fostered  commercial  relations  which  it  is  important  to  preserve.  I  sug- 
gest, therefore,  that  early  consideration  be  given  to  such  modifications 
of  the  treaty  as  seem  to  be  demanded  by  the  interests  of  our  i)eople. 

In  view  of  our  increasing  trade  with  both  Hayti  and  Santo  Domingo, 
I  advise  that  provision  bo  made  for  diplomatic  intercourse  with  the 
flatter,  by  enlarging  the  scope  of  the  mission  at  Port-au-Prince. 

I  regret  that  certain  claims  of  American  citizens  against  the  Govern- 
ment of  Hayti  have  thus  far  been  urged  umivailingly. 

A  recent  agreement  with  Mexico  provides  for  the  crossingof  the  front- 
'ier  by  the  armed  forces  of  either  country  in  pursuit  of  hostile  Indians. 
In  my  message  of  last  year  I  caUed  attention  to  the  prevalent  lawlessness 
iupon  the  borders  and  to  the  necessity  of  legislaton  for  its  suppression. 
;I  again  invite  the  attention  of  Congress  to  the  subject. 

A  partial  relief  from  these  mischiefs  has  been  sought  in  a  convention, 
which  now  awaits  the  apjiroval  of  the  Senate,  as  does  also  another 
touching  the  establishment  of  the  international  boundary  between  the 
United  States  and  Mexico.  If  the  latter  is  ratified,  the  action  of  Con- 
gress will  be  required  for  establishing  suitable  commissions  of  survej'-. 
The  boundary  dispute  between  Mexico  and  Guatemala,  which  led  this 
government  to  proffer  its  friendly  counsels  to  both  parties,  has  been 
amicably  settled. 

No  change  has  occurred  in  our  relations  with  Venezuela.  I  again 
invoke  your  action  in  the  matter  of  the  pending  awards  against  that 
republic  to  which  reference  was  made  by  a  special  message  from  the 
Executive  at  your  last  session. 

An  invitation  has  been  received  from  the  Government  of  Venezuela 
to  send  representatives  in  July,  1883,  to  Caracas,  for  participating  in 
the  centennial  celebration  of  the  birth  of  Bolivar,  the  founder  of  South 
American  independence.  In  connection  with  this  event  it  is  designed 
to  commence  the  erection  at  Caracas  of  a  statue  of  Washington,  and 
to  conduct  an  industrial  exhibition  which  will  be  open  to  American 
products.  I  recommend  that  the  United  States  be  represented,  ami 
that  suitable  provision  be  made  therefor. 

The  elevation  of  the  grade  of  our  mission  in  Central  America  to  the 
I)leuipoteutiary  rank,  which  was  autliorized  by  Congress  at  its  late  ses- 
sion, has  been  since  effected. 

The  war  between  Peru  and  Bolivia  on  the  one  side  and  Chili  on  the 
other  began  more  than  three  years  ago.  On  the  occupation  by  ChiU 
in  1880  of  all  the  littoral  territory  of  Bolivia,  negotiations  for  peace 
were  conducted  under  the  direction  of  the  United  States.  The  allies 
refused  to  concede  any  territory,  but  Chili  has  since  become  master  of 
the  whole  coast  of  both  countries  and  of  the  capital  of  Peru.  A  year 
since,  as  you  have  already  been  advised  by  correspondence  transmitted 
;to  you  in  January  last,  this  government  sent  a  special  mission  to  the 


ANNUAL   MESSAGE   OF   THE   PRESIDENT.  7 

belligerent  powers  to  express  the  Lope  that  Chili  would  bo  disixjsed  to 
accept  a  money  indemnity  for  the  expenses  of  the  war  and  to  relinquish 
her  demand  for  a  portion  of  the  territory  of  her  antagonist. 

This  recommendation,  which  Chili  declined  to  follow,  this  government 
did  not  assume  to  enforce ;  nor  can  it  be  enforced  witliout  resort  to 
measures  which  would  be  in  keeping  neither  with  the  temper  of  our 
people  nor  with  the  spirit  of  our  institutions. 

The  power  of  Peru  no  longer  extends  over  its  whole  territory,  and, 
in  the  event  of  our  interference  to  dictate  peace,  would  need  to  be  sn\>- 
plemented  by  the  armies  and  navies  of  the  United  States.  Such  inter- 
ference would  almost  inevitably  lead  to  the  establishment  of  a  protect- 
orate— a  result  utterly  at  odds  with  our  past  policy,  injurious  to  our 
present  interests,  and  full  of  embarrassments  for  tlie  future. 

For  effecting  the  termination  of  hostilities  upon  terms  at  once  just  to 
the  victorious  nation  and  generous  to  its  adversaries,  this  government 
has  8i)ared  no  efforts  save  such  as  might  involve  the  complications 
which  I  have  indicated. 

It  is  greatly  to  be  dei)lored  that  Chili  seems  resolved  to  exact  such 
rigorous  conditions  of  peace  and  indisposed  to  submit  to  arbitration  tlie 
terms  of  an  amicable  settlement.  No  peace  is  likely  to  be  lasting  that 
is  not  sufliciently  equitable  and  just  to  command  the  approval  of  other 
nations. 

About  a  year  since,  invitations  were  extended  to  the  nations  of  this 
continent  to  send  representatives  to  a  peace  congress  to  assemble  at 
"Washington  in  November,  1882.  The  time  of  meeting  Avas  fixed  at  a 
period  then  remote,  in  the  hope,  as  the  invitation  itself  declared,  that  in 
the  mean  time  the  disturbances  between  the  South  American  republics 
would  be  adjusted.  As  that  expectation  seemed  unlikely  to  be  realized 
I  asked  in  April  last  for  an  expression  of  opinion  fiom  the  two  houses 
of  Congress  as  to  the  advisability  of  holding  the  proposed  convention 
at  the  time  appointed.  This  action  was  prompted  in  jiart  by  doubts 
which  mature  rellection  had  suggested  whether  the  diplonuitic  usage 
and  traditions  of  the  government  did  not  make  it  fitting  that  the  Ex- 
ecutive should  consult  the  representatives  of  the  people  before  pursuing 
a  line  of  i)olicy  somewhat  novel  in  its  character,  and  far-reaching  in 
its  possible  consequences.  In  view  of  the  fact  that  no  action  was  taken 
by  Congress  in  the  premises  and  that  no  provision  had  been  made  for 
necessary  expenses,  I  subsequently  decided  to  postpone  the  convocation, 
and  so  notifiedthe  several  governments  which  had  been  invited  to  attend. 

I  am  unwilling  to  dismiss  this  subject  without  assuring  you  of  my 
support  of  any  measures  tlie  wisdom  of  Congress  may  devise  for  the 
I)romotion  of  peace  on  this  continent  and  throughout  tlie  world,  and  I 
trust  tl^|it  the  time  is  nigh  when,  with  the  universal  assent  of  civilized 
peoples,  all  international  difl\irences  shall  be  determined  witliout  resort 
to  arms  by  the  benignant  processes  of  arbitration. 

Changes  have  occurred  in  the  diplomatic  representation  of  several 
lj(>reigu  powers  during  the  past  year.    New  ministers  from  the  Argeii- 


8  ANNUAL    MESSAGE    OF    THE    PRESIDENT. 

tine  Kepublic,  Austria- Iluiigiiiy,  Brazil,  Chili,  China,  France,  Japan, 
Mexico,  the  Netherlands,  and  Russia  have  presented  their  credentials. 
The  missions  of  Denniaik  and  Venezuela  at  this  capital  have  been  raised 
in  grade.  Switzerland  has  created  a  plenipotentiary  mission  to  this 
gove.niment,  and  an  embassy  from  Madagascar  and  a  minister  from 
Siam  will  shortly  arrive. 

Our  di])lomatic  intercourse  has  been  enlarged  by  the  establishment 
of  relations  with  the  new  Kingdom  of  Servia,  by  the  creation  of  a  mission 
to  Siam,  and  by  the  restoration  of  the  mission  to  Greece.  The  Shah  of 
Persia  has  expressed  his  gratification  that  a  charge  d'affaires  will  shortly 
be  sent  to  that  country,  where  the  rights  of  our  citizens  have  been 
hitherto  courteously  guarded  by  the  representatives  of  Great  Britain. 

I  renew  my  recommendation  of  such  legislation  as  wall  j)lace  the 
United  States  in  harmony  with  other  maritime  powers  with  respect  to 
the  international  rules  for  the  prevention  of  collisions  at  sea. 

In  conformity  with  your  joint  resolution  of  the  3d  of  August  last,  I 
have  directed  the  Secretary  of  State  to  address  foreign  governments  in 
respect  to  a  proposed  conference  for  considering  the  subject  of  the  uni- 
versal adoption  of  a  common  prime  meridian  to  be  used  in  the  reckon- 
ing of  longitude  and  in  the  regulation  of  time  throughout  the  civilized 
world.    Their  replies  will,  in  due  time,  be  laid  before  you. 

An  agreement  was  reached  at  Paris  in  1875  between  the  principal 
Powers  for  the  interchange  of  official  publications  through  the  medium 
of  their  respective  Foreign  Departments. 

The  admirable  system  which  has  been  built  up  by  the  enteq)rise  of 
the  Smithsonian  Institution  affords  a  practical  basis  for  our  co-opera- 
tion in  this  scheme,  and  an  arrangement  has  been  effected  by  which 
that  institution  will  perform  the  necessary  labor,  under  the  direction  of 
the  Department  of  State.  A  reasonable  compensation  therefor  should 
be  provided  by  law. 

A  clause  in  the  act  making  apj^ropriations  for  the  diplomatic  and 
consular  service  contemplates  the  reorganization  of  both  branches  of 
such  service  on  a  salaried  basis,  leaving  fees  to  inure  to  the  benefit  of 
the  Treasury.  I  cordially  favor  such  a  project,  as  likely  to  correct 
abuses  in  the  present  system.  The  Secretary  of  State  will  present  to 
you  at  an  early  day  a  plan  for  such  reorganization. 

A  full  and  interesting  exhibit  of  the  operations  of  the  Treasury  De- 
partment is  afforded  by  the  report  of  the  Secretary. 

It  appears  that  the  ordinary  revenues  fi'om  all  sources  for  the  fiscal 
year  ended  June  30, 1882,  were  as  follows : 

From  customs $220,  410,  730  25 

From  internal  revenue 146, 497, 595  45 

From  sales  of  public  lands 4,  75|,  140  37 

From  tax  on  circulation  and  deposits  of  national  banks .        8, 956,  794  45 
From  repayment  of  interest  by  Pacific  Railway  Com- 
panies    840,  554  37 

From  sinking  fund  for  Pacific  Railway  Comi)anies  . . .  790, 271  42 


ANNUAL    MESSAGE    OF    THE    PRESIDENT. 


From  customs  fees,  fines,  penalties,  &'c 8'/,  343, 348  00 

From  fees — consular,  letters  ])atent,  and  lands !>,  G38,  990  97 

From  proceeds  of  sales  of  g-overnment  property 314,  959  85 

From  profits  on  coina.tie,  bullion  deposits,  an<l  assays.  4, 116,  693  73 

From  Indian  trust  funds 5,  705, 243  22 

From  deposits  by  iudividuals  for  surveying   pu'clic 

lands. 2,052,306  36 

From  revenues  of  the  District  of  Columbia 1,  715, 176  41 

From  miscellaneous  sources , 3, 383, 445  43 


Total  ordinary  receipts 403 


The  ordinary  expenditures  for  the  ssMiie  period  were — 

For  civil  expenses  $18 

For  foreign  intercourse ., 1 

For  Indians 9 

For  pensions 61 

For  the  military  establislime>»t,  including  river  and 

harbor  improvements,  and  arsenals 43 

For  the  naval  establish ni'^.nt,  including  vessels,  ma- 
chinery, and  improvcmv^jits  at  navy-yards 15 

For  miscellaneous  expen/iitures,  including  public  build- 
ings, light-houses,  ai\d  collecting  the  revenue 34 

For  expenditures  o»  account  of  the  District  of  Co- 
lumbia         3 

For  interest  on  tVAt  public  debt 71 


Total  ordinary  expenditures 257 


Leaving  a  s«crrplus  revenue  of 145 

Which,  v:'ith  an  amount  drawn  from  the  cash  bal- 
ance \n  the  Ti'easur,y  of 20 


Making , ,. 166 

Was  applied  to  the  redemption — 

Of  bonds  for  the  sinking  fund 60 

Of  fractional  currency  for  the  sinking  fund 

Of  loan  of  July  and  August,  1861 62 

Of  loan  of  IMa'rch,  1863 -^ 


Of  funded  loan  of  1881... 

Of  loan  of  1858 

Of  loan  of  February,  1861 
Of  five-twenties  of  1862  . . 
Of  five- twenties  of  1864  . . 
Of  five-twenties  of  1865  . . 

Of  ten-forties  of  1864 

Of  consols  of  18C5 


ot 


525,  250  28 


042,386  42 
307,583  19 
736,747  40 
345,193  95 

570,494  19 

032, 046  2G 

539,237  50 

330,543  87 
077,206  79 


981,439  57 


543,810  71 
737,694  84 


281,505  55 

079,150  00 

58,  705  1)5 

572,050  00 

472,900  00 

194.450  00 

1,000  00 

30  5,000  00 

2,100  00 

7,400  00 

6,500  00 

254,550  00 

86,450  00 


10  ANNUAL   MESSAGE    OF   THE    PRESIDENT. 

Of  coiisous  of  1807 $iOS,  250  00 

Of  consols  of  LSOS lil, 400  00 

Of  Oregon  w;ar  debt,  . .    075, 250  00 

Of  old  (lemant^!,comi)()un{l-inlei'est,au(l  other  notes.  18,350  00 

100,281,505  55 
The  foreign  conuntMce  of  the  United  States  during  tlie  last  fiscal 
year,  including  iinporus  and  exports  of  merchandise  and  specie,  was 
as  follows : 

Exports :  Merchandise  . $750, 542, 257 

Specie 49, 417, 479 

Total 709,  959,  730 

Imxjorts  :  Merchandise 724,  039,  574 

Specie 42, 472, 390 

Total 707,111,904 

Excess  of  exports  over  iini)orts  of  niercha;idise 25, 902, 083 

This  excess  is  less  than  it  has  been  before  for  any  of  the  previous  six 
years,  as  appears  by  the  following  table  : 


Year  ended  Jnne  30— 

Excess  of  exports 
over  imports  of 
merchandise. 

187G 

$79,043,481 
151, 152,  094 
257,  814, 234 

1877 ,.,.. 

1878 

1879 

264,  G61,  CCC 

1880 

167,  G83,  912 
259,  712,  718 

1881 

1882 

25,  902,  683 

During  the  year  there  have  been  organized  171  national  bankc,  and 
of  those  institutions  there  are  now  in  operation  2,209,  a  larger  nun:ber 
than  ever  before.  The  value  of  their  notes  in  active  circulation  on  Jitly 
1,  1882,  was  $324,050,458. 

I  commend  to  your  attention  the  Secretary's  views  in  reject  to  the 
likelihood  of  a  serious  contraction  of  this  circulation,  and  to  the  modes 
by  which  that  result  may,  in  his  judgment,  be  averted. 

In  respect  to  the  coinage  of  silver  dollars  and  the  retirement  of  silver 
certificates  I  have  seen  nothing  to  alter  but  much  to  confirm  the  senti- 
ments to  which  I  gave  expression  last  year. 

A  comi)arison  between  the  respective  amounts  of  silver- dollar  circula- 
tion on  November  1,  1881,  and  on  November  1,  1882,  shows  a  slight 
increase  of  a  million  and  a  half  of  dollars.  But  during  the  interval  there 
had  been  in  the  Avhole  number  coined  an  increase  of  twenty-six  millions. 
Of  the  one  hundred  and  twenty-eight  millions  thus  far  minted,  little 


ANNUAL   MESSAGE    OP   THE    PRESroENT.  11 

more  than  thirty-five  millious  are  in  circulation.  The  mass  of  accumu- 
lated coin  has  grown  so  great  that  the  vault  room  at  present  available 
for  storage  is  scarcely  sullicieut  to  contain  it.  It  is  not  api)areMt  why 
it  is  desirable  to  continue  this  coinage,  now  so  enormously  in  excess  of 
the  public  demand. 

As  to  the  silver  certificates,  in  addition  to  the  grounds  which  seemed 
last  year  to  justify  their  retirement  may  be  mentioned  the  effect  which 
is  likely  to  ensue  from  the  supply  of  gold  certificates,  for  whose  issu- 
ance Congress  recently  made  provision,  and  which  are  now  in  active 
circulation. 

You  cannot  fail  to  note  with  interest  the  discussion  by  the  Secretary 
as  to  the  necessity  of  providing  by  legislation  some  mode  of  freeing  the 
Treasury  of  an  excess  of  assets,  in  the  event  that  Congress  fails  to  reach 
an  early  agreement  for  the  reduction  of  taxation. 

I  heartily  approve  the  Secretary's  recommendation  of  immediate  and 
extensive  reductions  in  the  annual  revenues  of  the  government. 

It  will  be  remembered  that  I  urged  upon  the  attention  of  Congress 
at  its  last  session  the  importance  of  relieving  the  industry  and  enterprise 
of  the  country  from  the  pressure  of  unnecessary  taxation.  It  is  one 
of  the  tritest  maxims  of  political  economy  that  all  taxes  are  burden- 
some, however  wisely  and  prudently  imposed.  And  thongh  there 
have  always  been  among  our  people  wide  differences  of  sentiment 
as  to  the  best  methods  of  raising  the  national  revenues,  and,  indeed, 
as  to  the  principles  upon  which  taxation  should  be  based,  there  has 
been  substantial  accord  in  the  doctrine  that  only  such  taxes  ought 
to  be  levied  as  are  necessary  for  a  wise  and  economical  "administration  of 
the  government.  Of  late  the  public  revenues  have  far  exceeded  that 
limit,  and  unless  checked  by  appropriate  legislation  such  excess  will 
continue  to  increase  from  year  to  year.  For  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30, 
1881,  the  surplus  revenue  amounted  to  one  hundretl  millions  of  dolhirs; 
for  the  fiscal  year  ended  on  the  30tli  of  June  last  the  surplus  was  more 
than  one  hundred  and  forty-five  millions. 

The  report  of  the  Secretary  shows  what  disposition  has  been  made 
of  these  moneys.  They  have  not  only  answered  the  requirements  of  the 
sinking  fund,  but  have  aflbrded  a  large  balance  applicable  to  other 
reductions  of  the  public  debt. 

But  I  renew  the  expression  of  my  conviction  that  such  rapid  extin- 
guishment of  the  national  indebtedness  as  is  now  taking  ]tlace  is  by  no 
means  a  cause  for  congratulation  ;  it  is  a  cause  rather  for  serious  ap- 
prehension. 

If  it  continues,  it  mu^  speedily  be  followed  by  one  of  the  evil  results 
so  clearly  set  fortfi  in  the  report  of  the  Secretary. 

Either  the  surjilus  must  lie  idle  in  the  Treasury,  or  the  gov(»rnnu'nt 
will  be  forced  to  buj-,  at  market  rates,  its  bonds  not  then  rcdeemal)!!', 
and  which,  under  such  circumstances,  cannot  fail  to  command  an  enor- 
mous premium,  or  the  swollen  revenues  will  be  devoted  to  extravagant 


12  ANNUAL   MESSAGE    OF   THE    PRESIDENT. 

exi)eii(liture,  wliicli,  as  expei-ience  lias  tauglit,  is  ever  the  bane  of  an 
overtlowiiiff  treasury. 

Jt  was  made  a])i)arent  in  tlie  course  of  tlio  aiiimat(Ml  discussions  wliich 
this  question  aiousod  at  tlie  hist  session  of  Coui;ress  that  tlie  policy  of 
diminishing  the  revenue  by  reducing  taxation  commanded  the  general 
approval  of  the  members  of  both  houses. 

I  regret  tliat  because  of  conflicting  views  as  to  tlie  best  metliods  by 
which  that  policy  slioukl  be  made  oxierative  none  of  its  benefits  have  as 
yet  been  reaped. 

In  fulfillment  of  what  I  deem  my  constitutional  duty,  but  with  little 
hope  that  I  can  make  valuable  contribution  to  this  vexed  question,  I 
shall  proceed  to  intimate  briefly  my  own  views  in  relation  to  it. 

Upon  the  showing  of  our  financial  condition  at  the  close  of  the  last 
fiscal  year,  I  felt  justified  in  recommending  to  Congress  the  abolition  of 
all  internal-revenue  taxes  except  those  ui)OU  tobacco  in  its  various  forms 
and  upon  distilled  spirits  and  fermented  liquors ;  and  except  also  the 
special  tax  upon  the  manufacturers  of  and  dealers  in  such  articles. 

I  venture  now  to  suggest  that,  uidess  it  shall  be  ascertained  that  the 
probable  expenditures  of  the  government  for  the  coming  year  have 
been  underestimated,  all  internal  taxes,  save  those  which  relate  to  dis- 
tilled spirits,  can  be  prudently  a.brogated. 

Such  a  course,  if  accompanied  by  a  simi3lifi cation  of  the  machinery  of 
collection,  which  would  then  be  easy  of  accomplishment,  might  reason- 
ably be  expected  to  result  in  diminishing  the  cost  of  such  collection  by 
at  least  two  millions  and  a  half  of  dollars,  and  in  the  retirement  from 
office  of  from  fifteen  hundred  to  two  thousand  persons. 

The  system  of  excise  duties  has  never  commended  itself  to  the  favor 
of  the  American  peoi)le,  and  has  never  been  resorted  to  except  for  sup- 
])lying  deficiencies  in  the  Treasury  when,  by  reason  of  special  exigencies, 
the  duties  on  imports  have  proved  inadequate  for  the  needs  of  the  gov- 
ernment. The  sentiment  of  the  country  doubtless  demands  that  the 
])resent  excise  tax  shall  be  abolished  as  soon  as  such  a  course  can  be 
safely  pursued. 

It  seems  to  me,  however,  that,  for  various  reasons,  so  sweeping  a  meas- 
ure as  the  total  abolition  of  internal  taxes  would  for  the  present  be  an 
unwise  step. 

Two  of  these  reasons  are  deserving  of  special  mention : 

First,  it  is  by  no  means  clear  that  even  if  the  existing  system  of 
duties  on  imports  is  continued  without  modification,  those  duties  alone 
will  yield  suflicient  revenue  for  all  the  needs  of  the  government!  It  is 
estiniated  that  one  hundred  millions  of  dollars  will  be  required  for 
pensions  during  the  coming  j'ear,  and  it  may  well  be  doubted  whether 
the  maximum  annual  demand  for  that  object  has  yet  been  reached. 
Uncertaiiity  upon  this  question  would  alone  justify,  in  my  judgment,  the 
retention  for  the  present  of  that  portion  of  the  system  of  internal  revenue 
which  is  least  objectionable  to  the  people. 


ANNUAL   MESSAGE   OF   THE    PRESIDENT.  13 

Second,  a  total  abolition  of  excise  taxes  would  almost  inevitably 
prove  a  serious  if  not  an  insurmoaintable  obstacle  to  a  thorough  revision 
of  the  tariff  and  to  any  considerable  reduction  in  import  duties. 

The  present  tariff  system  is  in  many  respects  uujust.  It  makei?  une- 
qual distributions  both  of  its  burdens  and  its  beuetits.  This  fact  was 
practically  recognized  by  a  majority  of  each  honse  of  Congress  in  the 
passage  of  the  act  creating  the  Tariff  Commission.  The  report  of  that 
commission  will  be  placed  before  you  at  the  beginning  of  this  session, 
and  will,  I  trust,  afford  you  such  information  as  to  the  condition  and 
prospects  of  the  various  commercial,  agricultural,  manufacturing,  min- 
ing, and  other  interests  of  the  country  and  contain  sucii  suggestions  for 
statutory  revision  as  will  practically  aid  your  action  upon  this  im  porta wt 
subject. 

The  revenue  from  customs  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  )S79, 
amounted  to  $137,000,000. 

It  has  in  the  three  succeeding  years  reached,  first,  $180,000,000  ;  then, 
$198,000,000;  and  finally,  as  has  been  already  stated,  $:J2O,O(>i5,O0O. 

The  income  from  this  source  for  the  fiscal  year  which  ^vriu  end  on 
Jane  30,  1883,  will  doubtless  be  considerably  in  excess  of  the  sum  last 
mentioned. 

If  the  tax  on  domestic  spirits  is  to  be  retained,  it- is  plain  there- 
fore that  large  reductions  from  the  customs  revenue  y.re  entirely  feasi- 
ble. While  recommending  this  reduction  I  am  far  from  advising  the 
abandonment  of  the  policy  of  so  discriminating  ijri  the  adjustment  of 
details  as  to  attbrd  aid  and  protection  to  douiostic  labor.  But  the 
present  system  should  be  so  revised  as  to  equalize  the  public  burden 
among  all  classes  and  occupations,  and  bring-  it  into  closer  harmony 
Avith  the  present  needs  of  industry. 

AVithout  entering  jnto  minute  detail,  which,  under  present  circum- 
stances, is  quite  unnecessary,  I  recommend  an  enlargement  of  the  free 
list  so  as  to  include  within  it  the  numerous  articles  which  yield  incon- 
siderable revenue,  a  simplification  of  the  complex  and  inconsistent 
schedule  of  duties  upon  certain  manufacUires,  jiarticularly  those  of 
cotton,  iron,  and  steel,  and  a  substantial  reduction  of  the  duties  njion 
those  articles,  and  upon  sugar,  molasses,  silk,  wool,  and  woolen  goods. 

If  a  general  revisiou  of  the  tariff  shall  be  found  to  be  impracticable  at 
this  session,  I  expre.'-.s  the  hope  that  at  least  some  of  the  more  conspicu- 
ous inequalities  of  the  present  law  may  be  corrected  before  your  final 
adjournment.  One  of  them  is  specially  referred  to  by  the  Secretary. 
In  view  of  a  recent  decision  of  the  Su])reme  Court,  the  necessity  of 
a'-Viending  the  law  by  which  the  Dutch  standard  of  color  is  adopted  as 
the  test  of  the  saccharine  strength  of  sugars  is  too  olivions  to  rcfpiin' 
comment. 

From  the  report  of  the  Secretary  of  War  it  appears  that  the  only 
outbreaks  of  Indians  during  the  past  year  occurred  in  Arizona  and  in 


14  ANNUAL   MESSAGE    OF   THE   PRESIDENT. 

the  southwestern  part  of  New  Mexico.  They  were  promptly  quelled 
and  the  quiet  which  has  prevailed  in  all  other  j)arts  of  the  country  has 
permitted  such  an  addition  to  be  made  to  the  niilitary  force  in  the  region 
endangered  by  the  Apaches  that  there  is  little  reason  to  apprehend 
trouble  in  the  future. 

Those  parts  of  the  Secretary's  report  which  relate  to  our  sea  coast 
defences  and  their  armament  suggest  the  gravest  reflections.  Our  ex- 
isting fortifications  are  notoriously  inadequate  to  the  defense  of  the 
gTcat  harbors  and  cities  for  whose  protection  they  were  built. 

The  question  of  providing  an  armament  suited  to  our  present  neces- 
sities has  been  the  suTyect  of  consideration  by  a  Board,  whose  report 
\Vas  transmitted  to  Congress  at  the  last  session.  Pending  the  consider- 
ation of  that  report,  the  War  Department  has  taken  no  steps  for  the 
manufacture  or  conversion  of  any  heavy  cannon,  but  the  Secretary  ex- 
]nesseits  the  hope  that  authority  and  means  to  begin  that  important  work 
will  be'  soon  provided.  I  invite  tlie  attention  of  Congress  to  the  ])ro- 
priety  of  making  more  adequate  provision  for  arming  and  equipping 
the  militia  than  is  afforded  by  the  act  of  1808,  which  is  still  ui)on  the 
statute-book.  The  matter  has  already  been  the  subject  of  discussion  in 
the  Senate,  au\l  a  bill  which  seeks  to  supply  the  deficiencies  of  existing 
laws  is  now  upi;£i  its  calendar. 

The  Secretary  pf  War  calls  attention  to  an  embarrassment  grow- 
ing out  of  the  rece'Xit  act  of  Congress  making  the  retirement  of  officers 
of  the  army  comput^x^ry  at  the  age  of  sixty-four.  The  act  of  1878  is 
still  in  force,  which  limits  to  four  hundred  the  number  of  those  who' 
can  be  retired  for  disability  or  upon  their  own  application.  The  two 
acts,  when  construed  together,  seem  to  forbid  the  relieving,  even  for 
absolute  incapacity,  of  oflicers  who  do  not  fall  within  the  purview  of 
the  later  statute,  save  at  sucli  times  as  there  chance  to  be  less  than 
four  hundred  names  on  the  retired  list.  There  are  now  four  hundred 
and  twenty.  It  is  not  likely  that  Congress  intended  this  result,  and  I 
concur  with  the  Secretary,  that  the  law  ought  to  be  amended. 

The  grounds  that  impelled  me  to  withheld  my  signature  from  the  bill 
entitled  "An  act  making  appropriations  for  tlie  construction,  repair,  and 
preservation  of  certain  works  on  rivers  and  hjirbors,"  which  became  a 
law  near  the  close  of  your  last  session,  prompt  me  to  express  the  hope 
that  no  similar  measure  will  be  deemed  necessary  during  the  present 
session  of  Congress.  Indeed,  such  a  measure  would  now  be  open  to  a 
serious  objection  in  addition  to  that  which  was  lately  urged  upon  your 
attention.  I  am  informed  by  the  Secretary  of  War  that  the  greater 
portion  of  the  sum  appropriated  for  the  various  items  specified  in  th^t 
act  rem;iius  unexpended. 

Of  the  new  works  which  it  authorized,  expenses  have  been  incurred 
upon  two  only,  for  which  the  total  appropriatioii  was  6210,000.  The 
present  available  balance  is  disclosed  by  the  following  table: 


ANNUAL   MESSAGE    OF   THE    PRESIDENT.  15 

Amount  of  appropriation  by  act  of  August  2,  1S82 $18, 738, 875 

Amount  of  api>ropriation  by  act  of  June  19,  1882    10,  000 

Amount  of  appropriation  for  payments  to  J.  B.  Eads 304,  000 

Unexpended  balance  of  former  appropriations 4,  738, 263 

23,  701, 138 
Less  amount  dra^vn  from  Treasury  between  July  1,  1882, 
and  November  30,  1882 G,  050, 194 

$17,  734,  944 
It  is  apparent  by  this  exhibit,  that  so  far  as  concerns  most  of  the 
items  to  which  the  act  of  August  2,  1882,  relates,  there  can  be  no  need 
of  further  appropriations  until  after  tlie  close  of  the  present  session. 
If,  however,  any  action  should  seem  to  be  necessary  in  respect  to  par- 
ticular objects,  it  will  be  entirely  feasible  to  provide  ft)r  those  objects  l)y 
appropriate  legislation.  It  is  possible,  for  example,  that  a  delay  until 
the  assembling  of  the  next  Congress  to  make  additional  i)rovision  for 
the  Mississipx)i  Eiver  imj>rovements  might  be  attended  with  serious 
consequences.  If  such  should  appear  to  be  the  case,  a  just  bill  relating 
to  that  subject  would  command  my  approval. 

This  leads  me  to  offer  a  suggestion  which  I  trust  will  coianicnd  itself 
to  the  wisdom  of  Congress.  Is  it  not  advisable  that  grants  of  consid- 
erable sums  of  money  for  diverse  and  independent  schemes  of  internal 
improvement  should  be  made  the  subjects  of  separate  and  distinct  leg- 
islativtj  enactments  ?  It  will  scarcely  be  gainsaid,  even  by  those  who 
favor  the  most  liberal  expenditures  for  such  i)urposes  as  are  sought  to 
be  accomplished  by  what  is  commonly  called  the  river  and  harbor  bill, 
that  the  practice  of  grouping  in  such  a  bill  appropriations  for  a  great 
diversity  of  objects,  widely'  separated,  either  in  their  nature  or  in  the 
locality  with  which  they  are  concerned,  or  in  both,  is  one  which  is 
much  to  be  deprecated  unless  it  is  irremediable.  It  inevitably  tends  to 
secure  the  success  of  the  bill  as  a  whole,  though  numy  of  the  items,  if 
separately  considered,  could  scarcely  fail  of  rejection.  By  the  adoption 
of  the  course  I  have  recommended,  every  member  of  Congress,  when- 
ever o])portunity  should  arise  for  giving  his  influence  and  vote  for  mei-i- 
torious  appropriations,  would  be  enabled  so  to  do  without  being  called 
upon  to  sanction  others  undeserving  his  approval.  So  also  would  the 
Executive  be  afforded  thereby  full  opportunity  to  exercise  his  constitu- 
tional prerogative  of  opposing  whate\'er  appropriations  seemed  to  him 
objectionable,  without  imi)eriling  the  success  of  others  which  commend- 
ed themselves  to  his  judgment. 

It  may  be  urged  in  opposition  to  these  suggestions  that  the  number 
of  works  of  internal  improvement  which  are  justly  enlitU'd  to  govern- 
mental aid  is  so  great  as  to  render  impracticable  separate  appropriation 
bills  therefor,  or  even  for  such  com]>aratively  limited  numher  as  make 
disposition  of  large  sums  of  money.  Tliis  objection  may  be  well  fouTuled, 
and,  whether  it  be  or  not,  the  advantages  which  would  bo  likely  to  ensue 


16  ANNUAI.    JVfESSAGE    OF   THE   PRESIDENT. 

irom  the  adoptiou  of  the  course  I  have  recommended  may  x)eihaps  be 
more  effectually  attained  l)y  another,  which  I  respectfully  submit  to 
Congress  as  an  alternative  proposition. 

It  is  provided  by  the  constitutions  of  fourteen  of  our  States  that  the 
Executive  may  disapprove  any  item  or  items  of  a  bill  appropriating 
money ;  whereu])on  the  part  of  the  bill  approved  shall  be  law,  and  the 
jjart  disapproved  shall  fail  to  become  law,  unless  repassed  according 
to  the  provisions  prescribed  for  the  passage  of  bills  over  the  veto  of 
the  Executive.  The  States  wherein  some  such  provision  as  the  fore- 
going is  a  part  of  the  fundamental  law  are,  Alabama,  California,  Colo- 
rado, Florida,  Georgia,  Louisiana,  Minnesota,  IVIissouri,  Nebraska,  New 
Jersey,  New  York,  Pennsylvania,  Texas,  and  West  Virginia.  I  com- 
mend to  your  careful  consideration  the  question  whether  an  amendment 
of  the  Federal  Constitution  in  the  particular  indicated  would  not  afford 
the  best  remedy  for  what  is  often  a  grave  embrrrassment  both  to  mem- 
bers of  Congress  and  to  the  Executive,  and  is  sometimes  a  serious  public 
mischief. 

The  report  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy  states  the  movements  of  the 
various  squadrons  diuing  the  year,  in  home  and  foreign  waters,  where 
our  ofiQcers  and  seamen,  with  such  ships  as  we  possess,  have  continued 
to  illustrate  the  high  character  and  excellent  discipline  of  the  naval 
organization. 

On  the  21st  of  December,  1881,  information  was  received  that  the 
exploring  steamer  Jeannette  had  been  crushed  and  abandoned  in  the 
Arctic  Ocean.    The  officers  and  crew,  after  a  joiu-ney  over  the  ice,  em- 
barked in  three  boats  for  the  coast  of  Siberia.    One  of  the  parties,  under 
the  command  of  Chief  Engineer  George  W.  Melville,  reached  the  land, 
and,  falling  in  with  the  natives,  was  saved.    Another,  under  Lieutenant- 
Commander  De  Long,  landed  in  a  barren  region  near  the  mouth  of  the 
Lena  River.    After  six  weeks  had  elapsed  all  but  two  of  the  number 
had  died  from  fatigue  and  starvation.    No  tidings  have  been  received 
fix)m  the  party  in  the  third  boat,  under  the  command  of  Lieutenant 
Chipp,  but  a  long  and  fruitless  investigation  leaves  little  doubt  that  all 
its  members  perished  at  sea.    As  a  slight  tribute  to  their  heroism  I  give 
in  this  communication  the  names  of  the  gallant  men  who  sacrificed  their 
lives  on  this  expedition:  Lieutenant-Commander  George  W.  De  Long, 
Surgeon  James  M.  Amblej-,  Jerome  J.  Collins,  Hans  Habner  Erichsen 
Heinrich  H.  Kaacke,  George  W.  Boyd,  Walter  Lee,  Adolph  Dressier 
Carl  A.  Gortz,  Nelse  Iverson,  the  cook  Ah  Sam,  and  the  Indian  Alexy 
The  officers  and  men  in  the  missing  boat  were  Lieut.  Charles  W.  Chii)p 
commanding;    William  Dunbar,  Alfred  Sweetman,  Walter  Sharvell 
Albert  C.  Kuehne,  Edward  Star,  Henry  D.  Warren,  and  Peter  E.  John 
son. 

Lieut.  Giles  B.  Harber  and  Master  William  H.  Scheutze  are  now 
bringing  home  the  remains  of  Lieutenant  De  Long  and  his  comrades, 
in  pursuance  of  the  directions  of  Congress. 


ANNUAL    MESSAGE    OF    THE    PRESIDENT.  17 

The  Koilgers,  fitted  out  for  the  relief  of  the  Jeauuette,  in  accordaDce 
with  the  act  of  Congress  of  March  3,  ISSl,  sailed  from  Sau  Francisco 
June  16,  under  the  command  of  Lieut.  Eobert  M.  Berry.  On  November 
30  she  was  accidentally  destroyed  by  fire,  while  in  winter  quarters  in 
St.  Lawrence  Bay,  but  the  officers  and  crew  succeeded  in  escaping  to  the 
shore.  Lieutenant  Berry  and  one  of  his  officers,  after  making  a  search 
for  the  Jeannette  along  the  coast  of  Siberia,  fell  in  witli  Chief  Engineer 
Melville's  party,  and  returned  home  by  way  of  Europe.  The  other  offi- 
cers and  the  crew  of  the  Eodgers  were  brought  from  St.  Lawrence  Bay 
by  the  whaling  steamer  Xorth  Star.  jMaster  Charles  F.  Putnam,  who 
had  been  placed  in  charge  of  adei)ot  of  supplies  at  Cape  Serdze,  return- 
ing to  his  post  from  St.  Lawrence  Bay  across  the  ice  in  a  blinding  suow*- 
storm,  was  carried  out  to  sea  and  lost,  notwithstanding  all  eftbrts  to 
rescue  him. 

It  appears  bj^  the  Secretary's  report  that  tlte  available  naval  force 
of  the  United  States  consists  of  thirty-seven  cruisers,  fourteen  single- 
tnrreted  monitors,  built  during  the  rebellion,  a  large  number  of  smooth- 
bore guns  and  Parrott  riiies,  and  eighty-seven  rifled  cannon. 

Tlie  cruising  vessels  should  be  gradually  replaced  by  iron  or  steel 
ships,  tlie  monitors  by  modern  armored  vessels,  and  the  armament  by 
high-power  rifled  guns. 

The  reconstruction  of  our  Navy,  which  was  recommentled  in  my  last 
message,  was  begun  by  Congress  authorizing,  in  its  recent  act,  thecoii- 
structiou  of  two  large  uuarmorod  steel  vessels  of  the  character  reooiii- 
mended  by  the  late  iS'aval  Advisory  Board,  and  subject  to  the  final  ai>- 
]  uoval  of  a  new  advisory  board  to  be  organized  as  provided  by  that  Act.  I 
call  yourattentiou  to  the  recommendation  of  the  Secretary  and  tho  Board, 
that  authority  be  given  to  construct  two  more  cruisers  of  smaller  dimen- 
sions, and  one  fleet  dispatch  ^•essel,  and  that  appropriations  be  made  for 
high-power  rifled  cannon,  for  the  torpedo  service,  and  for  other  harbor 
delenses. 

Pending  the  consideration  by  Congress  of  the  policy  t^  be  hereafter 
adopted  in  conducting  the  eight  large  navy-yards  and  their  expensive 
establishments,  the  Secretary  advocates  the  reduction  of  expenditures 
therefor  to  the  lowest  possible  amounts. 

l'\)r  the  purpose  of  atibrding  the  officers  and  seamen  of  the  Xavy  op- 
portunities for  exercise  and  discipline  in  their  profession,  under  a]>pro- 
l)riate  control  and  direction,  the  Secretary  a<lvises  that  the  Light-House 
Service  and  Coast  Survey  be  transferred,  as  now  organized,  from  the 
Treasury  to  the  Navy  Department ;  and  he  also  suggests,  for  the  reasons 
which  he  assigns,  that  a  similar  transfer  may  wisely  be  made  of  the 
cruising  revenue  vessels. 

The  Secretary  forcibly  depicts  the  intimate  connection  and  interde- 
pendence of  the  Navy  and  the  (;ommeroial  marine,  and  invites  atten- 
tion to  the  continued  decadence  of  the  latter  and  the  corresponding 
transfer  of  our  growing  commerce  to  foreign  bottoms. 
2  Ab 


18  ANNUAL    MESSAGE    OF    THE    PRESIDENT. 

This  suliject  is  one  of  the  utmost  iinportanco  to  the  national  wel- 
fare. ]\IetliO(ls  of  reviving  Aniericau  ship-buiklijig  and  of  r(!storing 
the  United  States  flag  iu  the  ocean  carrying  trade  should  receive  the 
immediate  attention  of  Congress.  AVc  have  mechanical  skill  and  abun- 
dant material  for  the  manufacture  of  modern  iron  steamships  in  fair 
competition  witli  our  commercial  rivals.  Our  disadvantage  in  building 
ships  is  the  greater  cost  of  labor,  and  in  sailing  tliem,  higher  taxes 
and  greater  interest  on  capital,  Avliile  the  ocean  liighways  are  already 
moiuipolized  by  our  formidable  competitors.  These  obstacles  sbould  iu 
some  way  be  overcome,  and  for  our  rapid  communication  with  foreign 
lands  we  should  not  continue  to  depend  wholly  upon  vessels  built  in 
the  yards  of  other  countries  and  sailing  under  foreign  Hags.  Witli  no 
United  States  steamers  on  the  principal  ocean  lines  or  in  any  foreign 
ports,  our  facilities  for  extending  our  commerce  are  greatly  restricted, 
while  the  nations  wdiicli.  build  and  sail  the  ships  and  carry  the  mails 
and  passengers  obtain  thereby  conspicuous  advantages  in  increasing 
their  trade. 

The  report  of  the  Postmaster-General  gives  evidence  of  the  satisfac- 
tory condition  of  that  Department,  and  contains  many  valuable  data 
and  accompanying  suggestions  which  cannot  fail  to  be  of  interest. 

The  information  which  it  affords  that  the  receipts  for  the  fiscal  year 
have  exceeded  the  exijenditures  must  be  very  gratifying  to  Congress 
and  to  the  people  of  the  country. 

As  matters  which  may  fairly  claim  particular  attention,  I  refer  you 
to  his  observations  in  reference  to  the  advisability  of  changing  the  pres- 
ent basis  for  fixing  salaries  and  allowances,  of  extending  the  money- 
order  system,  and  of  enlarging  the  functions  of  the  postal  establishment 
so  as  to  put  under  its  control  the  telegraph  system  of  the  country, 
though  from  this  last  and  most  important  recommendation  I  must  with- 
hold my  concurrence. 

At  the  last  session  of  Congress  several  bills  were  introduced  into  the 
House  of  Eepresentatives  for  the  reduction  of  letter  postage  to  the  rate 
of  two  cents  per  half  ounce. 

I  have  given  much  study  and  reflection  to  this  subject,  and  am  thor- 
oughly persuaded  that  such  a  reduction  would  be  for  the  best  interests 
of  the  public. 

It  has  been  the  policy  of  the  government  from  its  foundation  to  de- 
fray, as  far  as  possible,  the  expenses  of  carrying  the  mails  by  a  direct 
tax  in  the  form  of  postage.  It  has  never  been  claimed,  however,  that 
this  service  ought  to  be  productive  of  a  net  revenue. 

As  has  been  stated  already,  the  report  of  the  Postmaster- General 
shows  that  there  is  now  a  very  considerable  surplus  in  his  dejiartment, 
and  that  henceforth  the  receipts  are  likely  to  increase  at  a  much  greater 
ratio  than  the  necessary  expenditures.  Unless  some  change  is  made 
in  the  existing  laws  the  profits  of  the  postal  service  will  in  a  very  few 
years  swell  the  revenues  of  the  government  many  millions  of  dollars. 


ANNUAL    MESSAGE    OF    THE    PRESIDENT.  19 

The  time  seems  auspicious,  therefore,  for  some  reduction  iu  the  rates  of 
postage.     In  what  shall  that  reduction  consist  ? 

A  review  of  the  legishition  which  has  been  had  ujion  tliis  subject 
during  the  last  thirty  years  disclo.ses  that  domestic  letters  constitute  the 
only  class  of  mail  matter  which  has  never  been  favored  by  a  substan- 
tial reduction  of  rates.  I  am  convinced  that  the  burden  of  maintain- 
ing the  service  falls  most  unequally  upon  that  class,  and  that  more  than 
any  other  it  is  entitled  to  present  relief. 

That  such  relief  may  be  extended  without  detrnncnt  to  other  i>ublic 
interests  mil  be  discovered  upon  reviewing  the  results  of  fornier  reduc- 
tions. 

Immediately  prior  to  the  act  of  1845,  the  postage  upon  a  letter  comi- 
posed  of  a  single  sheet  was  as  follows : 

Cents. 

If  conveyed— 

30  miles  or  less 6 

Between  30  and  80  miles 10 

Between  80  and  150  miles 12i 

Between  150  and  400  miles 18| 

Over  400  miles 25 

By  the  act  of  1845  the  postage  upon  a  single  letter  conveyed  for  any 
distance  under  300  miles  was  fixed  at  five  cents,  and  for  any  greater 
distance  at  ten  cents. 

By  the  act  of  1851  it  was  provided  that  a  single  letter,  if  prepaid, 
should  be  carried  any  distance  not  exceeding  three  thousand  miles  for 
three  cents  and  any  greater  distance  for  six  cents. 

It  will  be  noticed  that  both  of  these  reductions  were  of  a  radical  char- 
acter and  relative!}^  quite  as  important  as  that  which  is  now  proposed. 

In  each  case  there  ensued  a  temporary  loss  of  revenue,  but  a  sudden 
and  large  influx  ofbusiness,  which  substantijilly  repaired  that  loss  within 
three  years. 

Unless  the  experience  of  past  legislation  in  this  country  and  else- 
where goes  for  naught  it  may  be  safely  predicted  that  the  stimulus  of 
33^  I)er  centum  reduction  in  the  tax  for  carriage  would  at  once  increase 
the  Jiumber  of  letters  consigned  to  the  mails. 

The  advantages  of  secrecy  would  lead  to  a  very  general  substitution 
of  sealed  packets  for  postal  cards  and  open  circulars,  and  in  divers  other 
ways  the  volume  of  first-class  matter  would  be  enormously  angnuMited. 
Such  increase  amounted  in  England,  in  the  first  year  after  the  a<loption 
of  penny  postage,  to  more  than  125  i)er  cent. 

As  a  result  of  careful  estimates,  the  details  of  which  cannot  be  here 
set  out,  I  have  become  convinced  that  the  deficiency  for  the  first  year 
after  the  proposed  reduction  would  not  exceed  7  per  cent,  of  the  expendi- 
tures, or  $3,000,000,  while  the  deficiency  after  the  reduction  of  1S45 
was  more  than  14  i)er  cent.,  and  after  that  of  1851  was  27  per  cent. 

Another  interesting  comparison  is  afforded  by  statistics  furnished  me 
by  the  Post-OflQ.ce  Department. 


20  ANNUAL   MESSAGE    OF    THE    PRESIDENT. 

The  act  of  1845  was  passed  in  face  of  tlie  fact  that  there  existed  a  de- 
ficiency of  more  than  $30,000.  That  of  1851  was  encouraged  by  the 
slight  surplus  of  $132,000.  The  excess  of  revenue  in  the  next  fiscal 
year  is  likely  to  be  $3,500,000. 

If  Congress  should  approve  these  suggestions  it  may  be  deemed 
desirable  to  supply  to  some  extent  the  deficiency  which  must  for  a  time 
result,  by  increasing  the  charge  for  carrying  merchandise,  which  is  now 
only  sixteen  cents  per  pound.  But  even  without  such  an  increase  I  am 
confident  that  the  receipts  under  the  diminished  rates  would  equal  the 
exi^enditures  after  the  lapse  of  three  or  four  years. 

The  report  of  the  Department  of  Justice  brings  anew  to  your  notice 
the  necessity  of  enlarging  the  present  system  of  Federal  jurisprudence 
so  as  effectually  to  answer  the  requirements  of  the  ever-'increasiug  liti- 
gation with  which  it  is  called  upon  to  deal. 

The  Attorney-General  renews  the  suggestions  of  his  predecessor  that 
in  the  interests  of  justice  better  provision  than  the  existing  laws  afford 
should  be  made  in  certain  judicial  districts  for  fixing  the  fees  of  wit- 
nesses and  jurors. 

In  my  message  of  December  last  I  referred  to  pending  criminal  i)ro- 
ceedings  growing  out  of  alleged  frauds  in  what  is  known  as  the  Star- 
Eoute  service  of  the  Post-Office  Department,  and  advised  you  that  I  had 
enjoined  upon  the  Attorney-General  and  associate  counsel,  to  whom 
the  interests  of  the  government  were  intrusted,  the  duty  of  prosecut- 
ing with  the  utmost  vigor  of  the  law  all  iDcrsons  who  might  be  found 
chargeable  with  those  offenses.  A  trial  of  one  of  these  cases  has  since 
occurred.  It  occupied  for  many  weeks  the  attention  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  this  District,  and  was  conducted  with  great  zeal  and  ability. 
It  resulted  in  a  disagreement  of  the  jury,  but  the  cause  has  been  again 
I)laced  upon  the  calendar  and  will  shortly  be  re-tried.  If  any.guilty 
persons  shall  finally  escape  •punishment  for  their  offenses  it  will  not  be 
for  lack  of  diligent  and  earnest  efforts  on  the  part  of  the  i^rosecution. 

I  trust  that  some  agreement  may  be  reached  which  will  speedily  enable 
Congress,  with  the  concurrence  of  the  Executive,  to  afford  the  commer- 
cial community  the  benefits  of  a  national  bankrupt  law. 

The  report  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  with  its  accompanying 
documents,  presents  a  full  statement  of  the  varied  operations  of  that 
department.  In  respect  to  Indian  affairs  nothing  has  occurred  which 
has  changed  or  seriously  modified  the  views  to  which  I  devoted  much 
space  in  a  former  communication  to  Congress.  I  renew  the  recommen- 
dations therein  contained  as  to  extending  to  the  Indian  the  protection 
of  the  law,  allotting  land  in  severalty  to  such  as  desire  it,  and  making 
suitable  provision  for  the  education  of  youth.  Such  provision,  as  the 
Secretary  forcibly  maintains,  will  prove  unavailing  unless  it  is  broad 
enough  to  include  all  those  who  are  nble  and  ATilling  to  make  use  of 
it,  and  should  not  solely  relate  to  intellectual  training,  but  also  to  in- 


ANNUAL    MESSAGE    OF    THE    PRESIDENT,  21 

sti'uctioii  in  siicUiuauiial  labor  aud  simi)lemdustri?jlarts  ascaubemade 
])ractically  available. 

Among  other  importaut  subjects  which  are  included  within  the  Seo- 
retary's  report,  aud  which  will  doubtless  furnish  occasion  for  Congres- 
sional action,  may  be  mentioned  the  neglect  of  the  railroad  companies 
to  wlijch  large  grants  of  land  were  made  by  the  acts  of  180-  and  1SG4, 
to  take  title  thereto,  aud  their  consequent  inequitable  exemption  from 
local  taxation. 

*jS"o  survey  of  our  material  condition  can  fail  to  suggest  inquiries  as 
to  the  moral  and  iutellectual  i)rogress  of  the  people. 

The  Census  returns  disclose  an  alarming  state  of  illiteracy  in  certain 
portions  of  the  countrj'  where  the  provision  for  schools  is  grossly  inade- 
<jnate.  It  is  a  momentous  question  for  the  decision  of  Congress  whether 
immediate  and  substantial  aid  should  not  be  extended  by  the  general 
government  for  supplementing  the  efforts  of  private  beneficence  and 
of  State  aud  Territorial  legislation  in  behalf  of  education. 

The  regulation  of  inter-state  commerce  has  already  been  the  sub- 
ject of  your  deliberations.  One  of  the  incidents  of  the  marvelous  ex- 
tension of  the  railway  system  of  the  country  has  been  the  adoption 
of  such  measures  by  the  corporations  Avhich  own  or  control  the  roads 
as  has  tended  to  impair  the  advantages  of  healthful  competition  and  to 
make  hnrtful  discriminations  in  the  adjustment  of  freightage. 

These  inequalities  have  been  corrected  in  several  of  the  States  by 
appropriate  legislation,  the  effect  of  which  is  necessarily  restricted  to 
the  limits  of  their  own  territory. 

So  far  as  such  mischiefs  affect  commerce  between  the  States,  or  be- 
tween any  one  of  the  States  and  a  foreign  country,  they  arc  subjects  of 
national  concern,  and  Congress  alone  can  afford  relief. 

The  results  which  have  thus  far  attended  the  enforcement  of  tlie 
recent  statute  for  the  suppression  of  polygamy  in  the  Territories  are 
reported  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior.  It  is  not  probable  that  any 
additional  legislation  in  this  regard  will  be  deemed  desirabh;  until  the 
effect  of  existing  laws  shall  be  more  closely  observed  and  studied. 

I  congratulate  you  that  the  commissioners,  under  whose  supervision 
those  laws  have  been  put  in  operation,  are  encouraged  to  believe  tliat 
the  evil  at  which  they  are  aimed  may  be  suppressed  without  resort  t(i 
such  radical  measures  as  in  some  quarters  have  been  thought  indispeus- 
able  for  success. 

The  close  relation  of  the  general  government  to  tlie  Territories  pre- 
paring to  be  great  States  may  well  engage  your  special  attention.  It 
is  there  that  the  Indian  disturbances  nuiiidy  occur  and  tliat  polygamy 
has  found  room  for  its  growth.  I  cannot  doubt  (hat  a  careful  survi'y 
of  Territorial  legislation  would  bo  of  tlu^  liigliest  utility.  Lilc  anil 
property  would  become  more  secure.  Thr,  liability  oC  ontbrcaKs  1;»  - 
iween  Tndiansand  whites  would  be  lessened.     The  ]Miblic  doniiiiii  v,  -nIil 


22  ANNUAL   MESSAGE   OF   THE   PRESIDENT. 

be  more  securely  guarded  and  better  progress  be  made  in  the  instruc- 
tion of  the  young. 

Alaska  is  still  without  any  form  of  civil  government.  If  means  were 
])rovide(l  for  the  education  of  its  peoijlo  and  for  the  protection  of  their 
lives  and  property  the  immense  resources  of  the  region  would  invite 
permanent  settlements  and  open  new  fields  for  industry  and  enterprise. 

The  report  of  the  Commissioner  of  Agriculture  presents  an  account 
of  the  labors  of  that  department  during  the  past  year,  and  includes  in- 
formation of  much  interest  to  the  general  public. 

The  condition  of  the  forests  of  the  country  and  the  wasteful  manner 
in  which  their  destruction  is  taking  place,  give  cause  for  serious  appre- 
hension. Their  action  in  protecting  the  earth's  surface,  in  modifying  the 
extremes  of  climate,  and  in  regulating  and  sustaining  the  flow  of 
springs  and  streams  is  now  wxll  understood,  and  their  importance  in  re- 
lation to  the  growth  and  prosperity  of  the  country  cannot  be  safely 
disregarded.  They  are  fast  disappearing  before  destructive  fires  and 
the  legitimate  requirements  of  our  increasing  population,  and  their 
total  extinction  cannot  be  long  delayed  unless  better  methods  than  now 
prevail  shall  be  adopted  for  their  protection  and  cultivation.  The  atten- 
tion of  Congress  is  -invited  to  the  necessity  of  additional  legislation  to 
secure  the  preservation  of  the  valuable  forests  still  remaining  on  the 
public  domain,  especially  in  the  extreme  Western  States  and  Territories, 
where  the  necessity  for  their  preservation  is  greater  than  in  less  mount- 
ainous regions,  and  where  the  prevailing  dryness  of  the  climate  renders 
their  restoration,  if  they  are  once  destroyed,  well  nigh  impossible. 

The  communication  which  I  made  to  Congress  at  its  first  session  in 
December  last  contained  a  somewhat  full  statement  of  my  sentiments  in 
relation  to  the  principles  and  rules  which  ought  to  govern  appointments 
to  i^ublic  service. 

Eeferring  to  the  various  plans  which  had  theretofore  been  the  subject 
of  discussion  in  the  ]S"ational  Legislature  (plans  which  in  the  main  Avere 
modeled  upon  the  system  which  obtains  in  Great  Britain,  but  which 
lacked  certain  of  the  prominent  features  whereby  that  system  is  distin- 
guished), I  felt  bound  to  intimate  my  doubts  whether  they,  or  any  of 
them,  would  afford  adequate  remedy  for  the  evils  which  they  aimed  to 
correct. 

I  declared,  nevertheless,  that  if  the  proposed  measures  should  prove 
acceptable  to  Congress,  they  would  receive  the  unhesitating  support 
of  the  Executive. 

Since  these  suggestions  were  submitted  for  your  consideration  there 
has  been  no  legislation  upon  the  subject  to  which  they  relate,  but  there 
has  meanwhile  been  an  increase  in  the  public  interest  in  that  subject, 
and  the  people  of  the  country,  ai)parently  without  distinction  of  party, 
have  in  various  ways,  and  upon  frequent  occasions,  given  ex^jression 
to  their  earnest  wish  for  prompt  and  definite  action.  In  mj' judgment, 
such  action  should  no  longer  be  postx^oned.  . 


ANNUAL   MESSAGE    OF   THE   PRESIDENT.  23 

I  may  add  that  my  own  sense  of  its  pressing  importance  has  been 
quickened  by  observation  of  a  practical  phase  of  the  matter,  to  which 
attention  has  more  than  once  been  called  by  my  predecessors. 

The  civil  list  now  comprises  about  one  hundred  thousand  ]>ersons, 
larthe  larger  part  of  whom  mnst,  under  the  terms  of  the  Constitution, 
be  selected  by  the  President  either  directly  or  through  hiV^  nwu  ap- 
pointees. 

In  the  early  years  of  the  administration  of  the  governnicat,  tlu;  per- 
sonal direction  of  appointments  to  the  civil  service  may  not  have  been 
an  irksome  task  for  the  Executive;  but  now,  that  the  burden  has 
increased  fully  a  hundred-fold,  it  has  become  greater  than  he  ought  to 
bear,  and  it  necessarily  diverts  his  time  and  attention  from  the  proper 
discharge  of  other  duties  no  less  delicate  and  responsible,  and  which,  in 
the  very  nature  of  things,  cannot  be  delegated  to  otlier  hands. 

In  the  judgment  of  not  a  few  who  have  given  study  ami  rcHection 
to  this  matter,  the  nation  has  outgrown  the  provisions  which  the  Con- 
stitution has  established  for  filling  the  minor  oflices  in  the  public  service. 

But  whatever  may  be  thought  of  the  wisdom  or  expediency  of  chang- 
ing the  fundamental  law  in  this  regard,  it  is  certain  that  much  relief 
may  be  afforded,  not  only  to  the  President  and  to  the  heads  of  the  de- 
partments, but  to  Senators  and  Representatives  in  Congress,  by  dis- 
creet legislation.  They  would  be  protected  in  a  great  measure  l)y  the 
bill  now  pending  before  the  Senate,  or  by  any  other  whicli  should 
embody  its  important  features,  from  the  pressure  of  personal  importun- 
ity and  from  the  labor  of  examining  conflicting  claims  and  pretensions 
of  candidates. 

I  trust  that  before  the  close  of  the  present  session  some  decisive 
action  may  be  taken  for  the  correction  of  the  evils  whicli  inhere  in  the 
present  methods  of  appointment,  and  I  assure  you  of  my  hearty  co-oi)era- 
tion  in  any  measures  which  are  likely  to  conduce  to  that  end. 

As  to  the  most  appropriate  term  and  tenure  of  the  oflicial  life  of  the 
subordinate  employes  of  the  government,  it  seems  to  be  generally  agreed 
that  whatever  their  extent  or  character,  the  one  should  be  detinite  and 
the  other  stable,  and  that  neither  should  be  regulated  by  zeal  in  the 
service  of  party  or  fidelity  to  the  fortunes  of  an  individual. 

It  matters  little  to  the  people  at  large  what  competent  person  is  at 
the  head  of  this  department  or  of  that  bureau,  if  they  feel  assured  that 
the  removal  of  one  and  the  accession  of  another  will  not  involve  the 
retirement  of  honest  and  faithful  subordinates,  whose  duties  are  i)urely 
administrative  and  have  no  legitimate  connection  with  the  triumph  of 
any  political  principles  or  the  success  of  any  political  party  or  faction. 
It  is  to  this  latter  class  of  ofiicers  that  the  Senate  bill,  to  which  I  have 
already  referred,  exclusively  applies. 

While  neither  that  bill  nor  any  other  prominent  scheme  for  improv- 
ing the  civil  service  concerns  the  higher  grade  of  officials,  who  are 


24  ANNUAL    MESSAGE    OF    THE    PRESIDENT. 

appointed  by  the  Presidejit  ;md  eontinned  by  the  Senate,  J  feel  bound 
to  correct  a  i)revalont  misai)i)reliension  as  to  tlie  frequency  with  which 
tlie  present  Executive  has  displaced  the  incnmbent  of  an  office  and 
appointed  another  in  his  stead. 

It  has  been  repeatedly  alle<»ed  that  he  has  in  this  particuljir  signally 
depai'ted  from  the  course  which  has  been  pursued  under  recent  admin- 
istrations of  the  government.    The  facts  are  as  follows : 

The  Avhole  number  of  Executive  appointments  during  the  lour  years 
immediately  preceding  Mr.  Garfield's  accession  to  the  l^residency  was 

Of  this  number  244,  or  D  per  cent.,  involved  the  removal  of  previous 
incumbents. 

The  ratio  of  removals  to  the  whole  number  of  a])pointments  was 
iiUK'h  the  same  during  each  of  those  four  years. 

In  the  first  year,  with  790  appointments,  there  were  74  removals,  or 
9.3  per  cent.;  in  the  second,  with  917  appointments,  there  were  85  re- 
movals, or  8.5  i)er  cent.;  in  the  third,  with  480  appointments,  there 
were  48  removals,  or  10  per  cent.;  in  the  fourth,  with  429  api)ointments, 
there  were  37  removals,  or  8.G  per  cent.  In  the  four  months  of  President 
Garfield's  administration  there  were  390  appointments  and  89  removals, 
or  22.7  per  cent.  Precisely  the  same  number  of  removals  (89)  has 
taken  place  in  the  fourteen  months  which  have  since  elapsed,  but  they 
constitute  only  7.8  per  cent,  of  the  whole  number  of  appointments 
(1,118)  within  that  period,  and  less  than  2.6  of  the  entire  list  of  officials 
(3,459  (exclusive  of  the  Army  and  ISTavy))  which  is  filled  by  Presidential 
appointment. 

I  declare  ray  approval  of  such  legislation  as  may  be  found  necessary 
for  sui^plementing  tlie  existing  provisions  of  law  in  relation  to  political 
assessments. 

In  July  last  I  authorized  ai3ublic  announcement  that  employes  of  Uie 
government  should  regard  themselves  as  at  liberty  to  exercise  their 
pleasure  in  making  or  refusing  to  make  i^olitical  contributions,  and  that 
their  action  in  that  regard  would  in  no  manner  affect  their  official  status- 

In  this  announcement  I  acted  upon  the  view  which  I  had  always 
maintained  and  still  maintain,  that  a  public  officer  should  be  as  abso- 
lutely free  as  any  other  citizen  to  give  or  to  withhold  a  contribution  for 
the  aid  of  the  political  party  of  his  choice.  It  has,  however,  been  urged, 
and  doubtless  not  without  fopndation  in  fact,  that  by  solicitatioii  of 
official  superiors  and  by  other  modes,  such  contributions  have  at  times 
been  obtained  from  persons  whose  only  motive  for  giving  has  been  the 
fear  of  what  might  befall  them  if  they  refused.  It  goes  without  saying 
that  such  contributions  are  not  voluntary,  and  in  my  judginent  their 
collection  should  be  prohibited  by  law.  A  bill  which  will  effectually 
suppress  them  will  receive  my  cordial  approval. 


ANNUAL   MESSAGE    OF    THE    PRESIDENT.  -^6 

I  liope  that  however  numerous  and  urgent  may  be  the  demands  upon 
your  attention,  the  interests  of  this  District  will  not  be  forgotten. 

The  denial  to  its  residents  of  the  great  right  of  suffrage  in  all  its  re- 
lation to  national,  State,  and  municipal  action  imposes  upon  Congress 
the  duty  of  affording  them  the  best  administration  which  its  wisdom 
can  devise. 

The  report  of  the  District  Commissioners  indicates  certain  measures 
whose  adoption  would  seem  to  be  very  desirable.  I  instance  in  par- 
ticular those  which  relate  to  arrears  of  taxes,  to  steam  railroads,  and 
to  assessments  of  real  property. 

Among  the  questions  which  have  been  the  topic  of  recent  debate  in 
the  halls  of  Congress  none  are  of  greater  gravity  than  those  relating 
to  the  ascertainment  of  the  vote  for  Presidential  electors  and  tlie  in- 
tendment of  the  Constitution  in  its  i)rovisious  for  devolving  Executive 
functions  ui)on  the  Vice-President  when  the  President  suflers  from  in- 
nbility  to  discharge  the  powers  and  duties  of  his  office. 

1  trust  that  no  embarrassments  may  result  from  a  failure  to  determine 
these  questions  before  another  national  election. 

The  closing  year  has  been  replete  with  blessings  for  which  we  owe 
to  the  Giver  of  all  Good  our  reverent  acknowledgment.  For  the  un- 
interrupted harmony  of  our  foreign  relations,  for  the  decaj-  of  sectional 
animosities,  for  the  exuberance  of  our  harvests  and  the  triumphs  of  our 
mining  and  manufacturing  industries,  for  the  prevalence  of  health,  the 
spread  of  intelligence  and  the  conservation  of  the  public  credit,  for  the 
growth  of  the  coujitry  in  all  the  elements  of  national  greatness — for 
these  and  countless  other  blessings — we  should  rejoice  and  be  glad.  1 
trust  that,  under  the  ins])iratiou  of  this  great  prosperity,  our  counsels 
n)ay  be  harmonious,  and  that  the  dictates  of  prudence,  patriotism,  jus- 
tice, and  economy  may  lead  to  the  adoption  of  measures  in  wliich  the 
Congress  and  the  Executive  may  heartily  unite. 

CHESTER  A.  ARTHUE. 

Washington, 

Decemher  4,  1882. 


REPORT 

OF 

THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


Treasury  DEPAET:\rENT, 
Washington,  D.  (7.,  December  4, 1883. 

SiE:  I  liave  the  lionor  to  submit  tlie  following  report : 

The  ordinary  revenues  from  all  sources  for  the  fiscal  year  ended 

June  30,  1883,  were: 

From  customs $330, 110,  730  35 

From  internal  revenue 110, 197,  595  45 

From  sales  of  public  lands 4, 753, 110  37 

From  tax  on  circulation  and  deposits  of  national 

banks 8, 956,  791  45 

From  repayment  of  interest  by  Pacific  Kaihvay  Com- 
panies   840, 554  37 

From  sinking-fund  for  Pacific  Eail way  Companies..  796,371  43 

From  customs  fees,  tines,  penalties,  &c 1, 343, 348  00 

From  fees — consular,  letters-patent,  and  lands 3, 038, 990  97 

From  proceeds  of  sales  of  Government  property 311, 959  So 

Paid  in  from  profits  on  coinage,  bidlion  deposits,  and 

assays 4, 110,  693  73 

From  Indian  trust  funds 5,  705, 313  33 

From  deposits  by  individuals  for  surveving  public 

lauds \ 3, 053, 306  36 

From  revenues  of  the  District  of  Columbia 1,  715, 176  41 

From  miscellaneous  sources 3, 383, 445  43 

Total  ordinary  receipts 403, 535, 350  2S 

The  ordinary  exjienditures  for  the  same  period  were — 

For  civil  expenses S18, 043, 386  43 

For  foreign  intercourse 1, 307, 5S3  19 

For  Indians 9,  736,  747  10 

For  pensions 61 ,  345, 193  95 

For  the  military  establishment,  including  river  and 

harbor  iniin-oveinents,  and  arsenals  43, 570, 491  19 

For  the  naval  cstahlislunent,  including  vessels,  ma- 
chinery, and  improvements  at  navyyaids 15, 033, OKJ  36 

For    miscellaneous    cxi>enditures,    including    public 

buildings,  liglit-Iiuuses,  and  collecting  the  levenne.  31,539,337  50 
For  expenditures  on  account  of  the  I)istrict  of  Co- 
lumbia   3,  330,  513  S7 

For  interest  on  the  public  debt 71 ,  077,  306  79 

Total  ordinary  expenditures 357, 981, 439  57 

27 


28  KKl'ORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF   THE    TREASURY. 

Ijoaviji,!:;  a  surplus  revenue  of $145, 543, 810  71 

Whicli,  with  an  amount  drawn  from  the  casli  bal- 
ance in  tl)o  Ti't^asnry,  <»(' , 20,  737,  094  84 

Making 1G6,  281,  505  55 

Was  applied  to  the  redemption — 

Of  bonds  for  the  sinking-fund 60, 079, 150  00 

Of  fractional  curreucv  for  the  sinking-fund 58,  705  55 

Of  loan  of  July  and  August,  1861 62,  572,  050  00 

Of  loan  of  March,  1803 4,  472, 000  00 

Of  funded  loan  of  1881 37, 194,  450  00 

Of  loan  of  1858 1,  000  00 

Of  loan  of  February,  1861 303, 000  00 

Of  five-twenties  of  1862 2,100  00 

Of  five-twenties  of  1864 7,  400  00 

Of  five-twenties  of  1805 6, 500  00 

Of  ten-forties  of  1864 254,  550  00 

Of  consols  of  1865 86,  450  00 

Of  consols  of  1867 408, 250  00 

Of  consols  of  1868 141,  400  00 

Of  Oregon-war  debt 675, 250  00 

Of  old  demand,  compound-interest,  and  other  notes .  18, 350  00 

166, 281,  505  55 

The  requirements  of  the  sinking-fund  for  the  past  fiscal  year,  includ- 
ing a  balance  of  $16,305,873.47  from  the  preceding  year,  have  been 
fully  met.  It  is  estimated  that  the  requirement  for  the  present  fiscal 
year  will  be  $44,422,956.25,  of  which  there  has  been  applied  during  the 
first  four  months  of  the  year,  the  sum  of  $31,196,350. 

There  seems  to  have  been  confusion  in  some  minds,  of  the  sums 
paid  to  meet  the  lawful  needs  of  the  sinking-fund,  and  those  paid  for 
the  reduction  of  pubhc  debt  by  direct  payment  and  redemption  thereof. 
To  my  report  of  last  year  was  appended  a  table  (Table  L)  of  all  the 
moneys  paid  for  bonds  for  the  sinking-fund;  and  a  table  (Table  I) 
showing  the  condition  of  that  fund  from  the  begimiing  of  it  in  May, 
1869,  down  to  June  30, 1881.  It  was  stated  in  my  report  that  there 
was  a  balance  then  due  the  fund  of  $16,305,873.47.  It  has  been  said 
that  this  was  erroneous.  The  report  of  my  predecessor,  Mr.  Secretary 
MorriU,  made  in  1876,  was  relied  upon  as  so  showing.  He  said  that 
the  terms  of  the  sinking-fund  act  required  that  the  public  debt  should 
be  reduced  by  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year  in  1876  by  the  sum  oi" 
$433,848,215.87 ;  that  the  public  debt  had,  however,  been  reduced  at 
that  time  by  the  siun  of  $656,992,226.14,  or  over  two  hundred  and 
twenty-three  millions  more  than  those  terms  required.  He  did  not'say, 
nor  did  he  mean  to  say,  that  the  reduction  he  announced  was  achieved 
tlirough  the  operations  of  the  sinking-fund.    What  he  said,  and  meant 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.      29 

to  say,  was  tliat,  tlioiij^li  the  sinkiiig-fimd  Lad  not  been  tilled  to  the 
amount  contemplated  bj'  the  act  of  Congress  which  jirovided  for  it, 
and  so  the  letter  of  the  law  had  not  been  observed,  yet  that,  by  other 
modes,  the  public  debt  had  been  reduced  by  more  than  the  sum  which 
the  sinking-fund  act  contemplated,  and  so  the  spirit  and  intent  of  the 
law  had  been  met  and  the  faith  of  the  Government  with  its  creditors 
kept.  And  so,  after  his  time,  though  the  sinking-fund  has  been  a 
creditor,  the  public  debt  has  been  decreased  by  more  than  a  strict 
adherence  to  the  sinking-fund  act  would  have  brought  about.  My  pre- 
decessor, Mr.  Secretary  Sherman,  reported  in  1877  a  deficiency  in  the 
sinking-fund,  but  a  reduction  of  public  debt  near  two  hundred  and 
twenty-one  millions  more  than  the  sinking-fund  act,  literally  carried 
out,  would  ]i.ave  effected. 

Compared  with  the  previous  fiscal  year,  the  receipts  for  1SS2  have 
in  the  following  items  increased  $44,578,081.99 :  In  customs  reveruie, 
$22,251,054.23;  in  internal  revenue,  $11,233,209.94;  in  sales  of  public 
lands,  $2,551,277.20 ;  in  direct  tax,  $158,624.80;  in  tax  on  circulation 
and  deposits  of  national  banks,  $840,678.73 ;  in  proceeds  of  sales  of 
Government  property,  $52,785.85;  in  repaj-ment  of  interest  by  Pacific 
Eailway  Companies,  $29,720.57 ;  in  consular  fees,  $8,922.98 ;  in  custom- 
house fees,  $7,538.35;  in  customs  emolument  fees,  $155,083.98;  in 
marine-hospital  tax,  $22,155.89 ;  in  Indian  trust  funds,  interest  and 
premium,  $5,753,308.29 ;  in  deposits  by  individuals  for  surveying  public 
l^ds,  $248,160.81 ;  in  registers'  and  receivers'  fees,  $243,295.29 ;  in  fees 
on  letters-patent,  $141,788.72;  in  profits  on  coinage,  $648,208.12;  and 
in  sales  of  ordnance  material  and  small  stores,  $232,268.24.  There  Avas 
a  decrease  of  $1,835,124.28,  as  follows:  In  revenues  of  the  District  of 
Columbia,  $301,022.82 ;  in  sinking-fund  for  Pacific  Railway  Companies, 
$8,909.12;  in  customs  fines,  penalties,  and  forfeitures,  $44,789.19 ;  in 
steamboat  fees,  $27,664.91 ;  in  sales  of  Indian  lauds,  and  interest 
on  t)efeiTed  payments,  $1,078,316.30;  and  in  miscellaneous  items, 
$374,421.94;  making  a  net  increase  in  the  receipts  from  all  sources 
of  $42,742,957.71. 

The  expenditures  show  a  decrease  over  the  previous  year  of 
$20,343,982.30,  as  follows:  In  the  Navy  Department,  $654,625.40 :  in 
interest  on  the  public  debt,  $11,431,534.39  ;  and  in  civil  and  miscella- 
neous, $8,257,822.51.  There  was  an  increase  of  $17,612,534.28,  as  fol- 
lows :  In  the  War  Department,  $3,104,033.64 ;  for  ludians,  $3,222,.")^  6.31 ; 
and  in  pensions,  $11,285,914.33 — making  a  net  decrease  in  the  expend- 
itures of  $2,731,448.02. 


30 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    TREASURY. 


FISCAL  YEAR  1883. 

For  the  present  fiscal  year  the  revenue,  actual  and  estimated,  is  as 
follows : 


Source. 


For  the.  qnartcr 
ended  Sejitem- 
ber  30,  1882. 

For  tlio  lemain- 
in<;  tliroc  quar- 
ters of  the  year. 

Actual. 

Estimated. 

$64,908,875  71 

37,760,804  58 

1, 185, 622  97 

4,492,426  39 

114, 619  55 
422, 140  09 
822, 842  49 
113, 995  95 
1,  040, 119  39 
894, 128  04 
194, 314  88 
840,717  28 

$170,091,124  29 

107, 239, 195  42 

4,314,377  03 

4,507,573  61 

1, 635, 380  45 
977, 859  91 
1,827,157  51 
886,004  05 
3, 159, 880  61 
1,505,871  96 
1,535,685  12 
4, 529, 282  72 

112, 790, 607  32 

302,209,392  68 

From  customs 

From  internal  revenue 

From  sales  of  public  lauds 

From  tax  on  circulation  and  deposits  of  national 
Ijanks 

From  repayment  of  interest  and  sinking-fund, 

Pacific  Railway  Comi)anies 

From  customs  fees,  fines,  penalties,  &c 

From  fees — consular,  letters-patent,  and  lands 

From  proceeds  of  sales  of  Government  property . 

From  profits  on  coinage,  &o , 

From  deposits  for  siu'veying  public  lands , 

From  revenues  of  the  District  of  Columbia 

From  miscellaneous  sources 

Total  receipts 


The  exi^enditures  for  the  same  period,  actual  and  estimated,  are — 


Object. 


For  the  quarter 
ended  Septem- 
ber 30, 1882. 


Actual. 


For  the  remain- 
ing tliree  quar- 
ters of  the  year. 


Estimated. 


For  civil  and  miscellaneous  expenses,  including 
public  buildings,  light-houses,  and  collecting 
the  revenue 

For  Indians 

For  pensions 

For  military  establishment,  including  fortifica- 
tions, river  and  harbor  improvements,  and 
arsenals 

For  naval  establishment,  including  vessels  and 
machinery,  and  improvements  at  navy-yards. .. 

For  expenditures  on  account  of  the  District  of 
Columbia 

For  interest  on  the  public  debt 


$16, 224, 

2, 633, 

23, 397, 


14, 181, 

3,571, 

1, 415, 
17, 219, 


736  16 

778  88 
244  51 


028  69 

431  83 

882  20 
246  19 


$45,275,203  84 

4,866,221  12 

76, 602, 755  49 


33,318,971  31 

11, 928, 568  17 

2, 084. 117  80 
42,280,753  81 


Total  ordinary  expenditures . 


78, 643,  348  46       216, 356, 651  54 


Total  receipts,  actual  and  cstiinated $415,  000,  000  00 

Total  expenditures,  actual  and  estimated 295, 000, 000  00 

120,000,000  00 
Estimated  amount  due  the  sinking-fund 41, 422, 950  25 


Leaving  a  balance  of 75, 577, 04.3  75 


•  KEPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    TREASURY.  31 
FISCAL  YEAR  18S4. 

Tlie  revenues  of  the  fiscal  yeareiuling  June  30, 1<S84,  estimated  upon 
tlie  basis  of  existing  laws,  "svill  be — 

From  customs $li.35,  OOO,  000 

From  internal  revenue 14.j,  (M)0,  000 

From  sales  of  i)ublic  lands 5, 500, 000 

From  tax  on  circulation  and  deposits  of  national 

banks 9, 000,  000 

From  repayment  of  interest  and  sinking-fund.  Pacific 

Kailway  Companies ] ,  750,  000 

From  customs  fees,  lines,  jienalties,  &c 1,  400, 000 

From  fees — consular,  letters-patent,  and  lands 2,  050,  000 

From  proceeds  of  sales  of  Government  property 1, 000, 000 

From  i)rofits  on  coinage,  &c 4,  L'OO,  000 

From  deposits  for  surveying  public  lands 2, 400,  000 

From  revenues  of  the  District  of  Columbia 1,  730, 000 

From  miscellaneous  sources 5, 370, 000 


Total  estimated  ordinary  receipts 41 5, 000, 000 


The  estimates  of  exjienditurcsforthe  same  period,  received  from  the 
several  Executive  Departments,  are  as  follows : 

Legislative $3,274,040  30 

Executive 18,  008, 505  78 

Judicial 408, 300  00 

Foreign  intercourse 1, 390, 905  00 

Military  establishment 28, 901, 445  94 

Naval  establishment 23,  481, 078  54 

Indian  affairs 0,  725,  731  54 

Pensions 101, 575,  000  00 

Public  works : 

Tjegislative $0, 500  00 

Treasury  Department 5, 317, 500  00 

War  Dt^artment 4;  753,  002  04 

Navy  Department 3, 855,  513  00 

Interior  Department 417, 100  00 

Department  of  Agriculture 10,  500  00 

Department  of  Justice 1, 000  00 

14,361,715  04 

Miscellaneous 20, 925,  003  14 

District  of  Columbia 3, 550, 299  08 

Pernument  annual  ai)propriations: 

Interest  on  tlie  public  debt B't'^,  877,  410  72 

Sinking-fund 45,  072,  222  54 

Kelunding — customs,  internal  reve- 
nue, lands,  «S:c 7, 417, 100  00 

Collecting  revenue  from  customs . .     5,500,000  00 
Miscellaneous 3, 151 ,  305  00 

1 1 7,  018,  038  20 


Total  estimated  expenditures,  including  sinking-fund .     340, 280, 1G2  22 


Or,  an  estimated  surplus  of 74,  719, 837  78 


32  REPORT    OF    TFIK    SECRKTARY    OF    THE    TREASURY. 

Excluding;  the  smking-limd,  the  estimated  ex])endituro.s  will  be 
$295,207,939.08,  showing  an  expected  surplus  of  $119,792,000.32. 

REDEMPTION   OF  U.  S.  BONDS. 

At  the  date  of  the  last  annual  report  to  Congress,  tlie  iiiter»'st-bear- 
ing  debt  wliich  was  redeemable  at  the  i)leasure  of  tlie  Government 
was  as  follows : 

Acts  of  July  and  August,  1801,  continued  at  three 
and  a  half  per  cent *8113, 920, 350 

Act  of  March  3, 1803,  continued  at  three  and  a  half  per 
cent 47, 949,  700 

Five  per  cent,  funded  loan,  continued  at  three  and  a  half 
per  cent 401, 504, 900 

Total 503, 380, 950 


Of  the  above  bonds  there  have  been  redeemed  during  the  year 
ended  October  31, 1882,  the  following : 

Loan  of  July  and  August,  18G1,  continued  at  three 
and  half  per  cent $110, 622, 800 

Loan  of  March  3, 1863,  continued  at  three  and  a  half 
per  cent 30,  878,  350 

Five  per  cent,  funded  loan 9, 700 

Total 141, 510, 850 

EXCHANGE  OF  THREE  AND  A  HALF  PER  CENT.  CONTINUED  BONDS 
INTO   THREE   PER   CENT.  BONDS. 

On  July  1,  1882,  the  interest-bearing  debt  which  was  redeemal)le  at 
the  pleasure  of  the  Government,  exclusive  of  $11,137,050  three  and 
a  half  per  cent,  continued  bonds  of  the  loan  of  July  and  August, 
1861,  which  had  been  called,  and  which  became  due  on  that  day,  was 
as  follows : 

Act  of  March  3,  1863,  continued  at  three  and  a  half  per 
cent $47, 820, 100 

Five  per  cent,  funded  loan  of  1881,  at  three  and  a  half 
per  cent 401, 503, 900 

Total 449,  324,  000 

Included  in  the  above  were  $15,000,000  in  bonds  of  the  act  of  March 
3,  1803,  which  had  been  called  to  mature  August  1,   1882,  and  the 

*  Including  §12,035,500  wliich  had  been  called,  but  which  ha<l  not  then  matured. 


EEPOKT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     33 

amoimt  of  bonds  available  for  exclianf(e,  as  contemplated  in  legislation 
then  pending,  was  still  further  reduced  by  the  call  issued  July  10, 
1882,  for  .$10,000,000,  to  mature  September  13,  1882. 

By  the  eleventh  section  of  the  act  approved  July  12, 1882,  entitled  "An 
act  to  enable  national  banking  associations  to  extend  their  corporate 
existence,  and  for  other  purposes,"  the  Secretary  Tvas  autht)rized  to  re- 
ceive at  the  Treasury,  bonds  of  the  United  States  bearing  three  an«l 
a  half  per  cent,  interest,  and  to  issue  in  exchange  therelbr  regis- 
tered bonds  of  the  United  States  bearing  interest  at  the  rate  of  three 
per  cent,  per  annum. 

These  bonds  were  to  be  redeemable  at  the  pleasure  of  the  United 
States,  after  all  bonds  bearing  a  higher  rate  of  interest,  and  which 
were  thus  redeemable,  had  been  redeemed  or  called.  There  is  also 
the  important  provision  that  the  last,  of  the  bonds  issued  under  the 
act,  and  the  substitutes  for  them,  should  be  the  first  called  for  payment, 
and  that  this  order  of  payment  should  bo  followed  until  all  should  have 
been  paid.  Thereby  the  bonds  iirst  issued,  and  the  substitutes  for  them 
made  on  the  assignment  and  transfer  of  them,  were  made  more  desira- 
ble, as  likely  to  have  a  longer  time  to  run.  This  gave  rise  to  the  query, 
how  the  order  of  issue  of  the  "threes"  to  the  holders  of  the  "three  and 
a  halfs"  should  be  determined.  A  method  was  devised  by  the  Depart- 
ment which  gave  the  precedence  to  diligence  in  offer  of  surrender  of  the 
three  and  a  halfs;  and  which  determined  by  lot,  giving  the  same  chance 
of  priority  to  all  having  part  in  it,  who  of  the  equally  dilfgent  should 
have  the  first  privilege  in  issue.  It  is  believed  that  justice  was  done 
to  all.  The  provision  that  the  substituted  bonds  should  have  the  same 
rank  with  the  originals,  in  the  order  of  call  for  payment,  was  at  first 
thought  to  preclude  the  holder  from  a  division  of  one  bond  of  larger 
denomination  into  two  or  more  bonds  of  smaller  denomination.  To 
have  maintained  this,  would  have  inconvenienced  the  transfer  and 
di\'ision  of  securities  among  several  alike  interested  in  a  large  bond. 
But  as  it  was  impracticable  to  divide  one  bond  into  two  or  more  and 
give  to  the  latter  the  immber  of  the  former,  and  so  preserve  the  right 
to  be  deferred  in  calls  for  payment,  it  has  been  determined  to  yield  to 
a  wish  for  a  division,  upon  the  holder  waiving  that  right  hi  express 
terms  in  the  instrument  of  assignment.  This  puts  upon  the  Register's 
Ofiice  more  labor  and  the  greater  exercise  of  care,  but,  being  a  con- 
venience to  the  holder  of  the  bojid,  they  will  be  cheerfully  undertaken. 

On  the  day  following  the  approval  of  the  act,  the  Secretary  issued  a 
circular  announcing  the  readiness  of  the  Department  to  effect  the 
exchange  thus  provided  for;  August  1,  1882,  being  nametl  as  the  date 
3Ab 


34 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    TREASURY. 


uppn  which  said  exchange  wouhl  b(;gin.  Under  the  provisions  of  the 
act  the  exchanges  of  the  three  and  a  half  per  cent,  continued  bonds 
began  on  the  date  named  and  continued  until  September  20,  upon 
which  date  they  were  temi)orarily  suspended,  in  order  to  allow  the 
preparation  of  the  schedules  and  checks  for  the  dividend  due  Novem- 
ber 1  on  the  three  and  a  lialf  per  cent,  bonds  which  had  not  been 
exchanged,  as  well  as  upon  the  new  three  per  cent,  bonds  which  luul 
been  issued. 

From  the  beginning  of  the  exchanges  until  the  suspension  three  and 
a  half  per  cent,  continued  bonds  were  received  for  exchange  into 
tliree  per  cent,  bonds  as  follows : 

Act  of  March  3, 1863,  continued  at  three  and  a  half  per 

cent $13,  231,  650 

Five  per  cent,  funded  loan  of  1881,  continued  at  tliree  and 
a  half  per  cent 246, 138,  850 

Total 259,  370,  500 

and  three  per  cent,  bonds  were  duly  issued  therefor. 

The  interest  on  the  surrendered  bonds  was  adjusted  to  August  1, 
1882,  and  the  three  per  cent,  bonds  issued  in  exchange  therefor 
carried  interest  from  that  date. 

The  exchanges  were  resumed  Kovember  1,  since  which  time  there 
have  been  received  $21,024,250  in  three  and  a  half  \)ev  Cent,  continued 
bonds,  for  which  a  like  amount  of  three  per  cent,  bonds  have  been 
issued ;  making  a  total  issue  to  December  1, 1882,  of  $280,394,750. 

The  reduction  in  the  annual  interest  charge  by  reason  of  these  ex- 
changes is  $1,401,973.75. 

The  Department  knows  no  reason  why  it  should  not  continue  to 
aiford  every  facility  for  these  exchanges  so  long  as  three  and  a  half 
Iier  cent,  bonds  remain  outstanding  and  imcalled. 

The  following  table  shows  the  changes  in  the  interest-bearing  debt 
during  the  year : 


Loan. 


Amount  out- 
standing Nov. 
1,  1881. 


July  and  August,  1861, 
(oiitiuuedat 3|per  ct. 

Mil  rch  3,  1863,  continued 
at  3^-  per  cent 

Five  i)or  cent,  funded 
loan  continued  at  3^ 
per  cent 


$113,926,350 
47, 949, 700 

401,504,900 
563, 380, 950 


Redeemed  dur- 
ing the  year. 


Exchanged 

into  3  per  cent. 

bonds. 


$110, 622, 800 
30,878,350 

9,700 


Outstanding 
Nov.  1,  18«2. 


,  303, 550 
$13,231,650  3,839,700 

246,138,850  j      155,356,350 


141,510,850       259,370,500  |       162.499,600 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     35 

Of  the  bonds  above  set  down  as  outstanding,  tliose  embraced  in  tlie 
loans  of  July  and  August,  1861,  and  March  3,  1863,  amounting  to 
$7,143,250,  are  called,  and  have  ceased  to  bear  interest ;  making  a  total 
of  bonds  redeemed  diuing  the  year  or  which  have  ceased  to  bear  in- 
terest of  $148,651,100. 

Calls  are  now  out  for  continued  bonds  of  the  five  per  cent,  funded 
loan  amounting  to  $55,000,000,  and  the  bonds  will  cease  to  bear  inter- 
est during  the  months  of  December,  1882,  and  January  and  February, 
1883. 

The  reduction  in  the  annual  interest  charge  by  reason  of  these 
changes  to  November  1,  1882,  is  as  follows : 

On  bonds  redeemed  or  interest  ceased $5,  202, 803  50 

On  bonds  exchanged  into  three  per  cent,  bonds 3 ,  206,  So'J  50 

Total 0,  499,  740  00 

Deduct  for  interest  on  four  percent,  bonds  issued,  &c. .  222  00 

Net  reduction 6, 499, 524  00 


STATvDARD   SILVER  DOLLARS  AND  SILV1:R  CERTIFICATES. 

There  had  been  coined,  on  November  3, 1882,  under  the  act  of  February 

28, 1878,  of  standard  silver  dollars $128, 329, 880 

There  were  in  the  Treasury  at  that  date 92, 946, 094 

And  in  circulation 35, 383,  786 

There  were  in  circulation,  November  1, 1881,  about 34, 000, 000 

Increase 1, 383, 786 


The  increase  in  the  circulation  of  standard  silver  dollars  between 
November  1,  1881,  and  November  1, 1882,  was  less  than  a  million  and 
a  half  of  dollars.  The  amount  coined  during  the  same  time  was 
$27,772,075.  The  supply  in  the  aggregate,  and  furnished  yearly,  is 
much  more  than  the  demand. 

Of  the  above  amount  held  by  the  Treasury  November  1, 1882,  there 
were  in  the  sub-treasury  at  New  York  about  $19,000,000,  and  in  the 
vaults  of  the  assistant  treasurer  at  San  Francisco  nearly  $14,000,000, 
and  in  the  mint  at  that  place  nearly  $27,000,000,  making  nearly 
$41,000,000  in  San  Francisco.  This  large  accumulation  at  San  Fran- 
cisco is  useless;  the  call  for  silver  dollars  for  use  as  money  there  is 
little.  The  reason  for  the  accumulation  there  is  this:  The  mints  this 
side  the  mountains  could  not  do  the  needed  coinage  of  gold,  and  coin 
also  the  minimum  amount  of  silver  dollars  required  by  tiie  law.    After 


36      REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 

tlie  silver  dollars  had  been  coined  there,  there  was  not  good  policy 
in  bringing  them  awa}',  for  there  was  no  unsatisfied  call  for  them  on 
this  coast,  and  the  expense  of  carriage  is  great,  never  less  than  one 
per  cent.  Besides  that,  the  vaults  on  this  side  are  inconveniently  taxed 
in  the  storage  of  what  is  here.  Indeed,  the  storage  capacity  of  the 
mints  and  otlier  vault-room  of  tlie  Government  is  everywhere  severely 
taxed.  There  were  on  hand  in  the  sub-treasury  on  November  1,  1882, 
$26,884,337.63  of  fractional  silver  coin.  In  all,  there  were  2,400  tons 
of  silver  coin  stored  in  the  public  vaults.  If  the  coinage  of  standard 
silver  dollars  is  kept  up,  and  the  demand  for  them  for  circulation  is  as 
dormant  as  now,  it  will  be  a  serious  question  where  the  Treasury  De- 
partment will  find,  in  public  receptacles,  storage-room  therefor. 

Another  reason  for  the  coinage  at  San  Francisco  is,  that  all  the  bull- 
ion for  the  monthly  coinage  required  by  law  could  not  be  bought  on 
this  side  of  the  mountains  at  the  market  rate  as  required  by  the  law, 
and  that  portion  bought  on  the  Pacific  side  was  coined  there  because 
it  would  cost  so  much  to  bring  it  to  this  side  for  coinage,  even  if  there 
had  been  mint  facilities  therefor. 

The  amount  of  silver  certificates  outstanding  ]S"ovember  1,  1881,  was 
about  $66,000,000,  and  the  amount  outstanding  November  1, 1882,  about 
$65,500,000.  The  Treasury  holds  nearly  all  the  standard  silver  dollars 
coined  during  the  year  ended  November  1, 1882.  The  amount  of  silver 
certificates  outstanding  has  lessened  during  the  same  time.  Judging 
from  past  experience,  we  need  not  expect  an  increased  demand  for  silver 
dollars. 

Inasmuch  as  by  recent  legislation  the  Secretary  is  requii'ed  to  issue 
gold  certificates,  it  is  to  be  looked  for  that  the  place  of  the  silver  cer- 
tificates will  be  to  a  great  extent  supplied  by  gold  certificates,  as  the 
latter  are  furnished  in  convenient  denominations ;  and  it  is  just  to  suppose 
that  a  certificate  payable  in  a  coin  worth  but  eighty-eight  per  cent,  of 
its  nominal  value  will  be  displaced  by  one  worth  fully  its  nominal  value. 

Is  the  idea  vain  that  the  continued  coinage  of  silver  dollars  is  not 
now  required  for  circulation  of  them,  or  as  a  basis  for  the  issue  of  such 
certificates,  and  that  the  policy  of  the  Government,  so  far  as  it  was 
meant  to  increase  the  price  of  silver,  has  not  been  successful  ? 

As  was  stated  in  the  report  of  last  year,  the  act  requiring  the  issue 
of  silver  certificates,  making  them  receivable  for  customs  and  all  public 
dues,  was  a  part  of  the  policy  of  Congress  to  maintain  the  standard  of 
the  silver  dollar  at  or  near  that  of  the  gold  dollar. 

The  objections  then  urged  to  the  issue  of  silver  certificates,  viz.,  that 
they  form  an  inexpedient  addition  to  the  paper  currency  j  that  they 


REPORT  OP  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


37 


are  made  a  legal-tender  for  the  purposes  named  for  more  than  their 
real  value ;  that  there  is  no  promise  on  the  jjart  of  the  Government  to 
pay  the  diiference  between  their  actual  and  nominal  value ;  and  the 
embarrassments  which  arise  from  the  endeavor  to  maintain  several 
standards  of  value,  still  have  their  force. 

There  is  just  now  a  seemingly  greater  demand  for  silver  dollars.  It 
is  only  in  seeming.  The  process  is  this :  Gold  is  deposited  in  New  York. 
For  that,  by  arrangement,  silver  dollars  are  taken  from  the  mint  at 
NcAv  Orleans.  Thej'  are  not  put  into  circulation.  They  are  deposited 
at  once  in  the  sub-treasury  there,  and  silver  certificates  taken  to  meet 
immediate  pressing  needs  for  currency.  As  gold  certificates  are  now 
going  into  business  hands  in  New  Orleans,  the  process  above  stated 
will  probably  cease,  as  it  is  not  looked  for  that  silver  certificates  will 
be  sought  rather  than  the  gold  certificates.  That  process  keeps  the 
silver  dollars  ont  of  the  Treasury  but  a  short  time,  and  does  not  put 
them  into  general  circulation. 

I  refer  for  a  more  full  discussion  of  this  subject  to  my  report  of  last 
year,  and  repeat  my  recommendation  that  the  provision  for  the  coin- 
age of  a  fixed  amount  of  standard  silver  dollars  each  month  be  re- 
pealed and  the  Department  be  authorized  to  coin  only  so  much  as  will 
be  necessary  to  supply  the  demand. 

The  recommendation  is  renewed  for  the  repeal  of  the'  act  requiring 
the  issue  of  silver  certificates,  and  for  a  law  authorizing  measures  for 
their  early  retirement  from  circulation. 

The  international  monetary  cooferencic  met  in  April  last,  on  the  day 
to  which  it  had  adjourned,  and  adjourned  again  sine  die.  It  is  not 
understood  that  it  effected  any  important  practical  result. 

GOLD   CERTIFICATES. 

Under  the  act  of  the  last  session  of  Congress  gold  certificates  have 
been  prepared  and  have  been  issued,  as  is  shown  in  this  table : 


Denominations. 

Gold  oertiflcates 
ready  for  isaue. 

Gold  cerUficaUvs 
issued  Novem- 
ber 27,  1682. 

$20's 

?:^  920, 000 

fi,  000,  (too 

7,C)0U,O(.l0 
10,000,000 
12,  000,  000 
20, 000, 000 
80,  000,  000 

$2, 240, 000 
2  200  000 

50*8 

100'h 

:{,  000  000 

.^)00's ... 

f)  O.")0  000 

lOOO's 

4  'MiO  000 

.'JOOO's 

4,  500,  000 
10, 000, 000 

IOOOO'h 

Total 

i;w,r.20,ooo   j      :u,2i>o,ooi> 

1 

25V,IVA'> 


38      REPORT  OP  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 
CONVERSION  OF  REFUNDING  CERTIFICATES. 

At  the  date  of  the  last  report  refunding-  certificates  issued  under 
the  act  of  February  2G,  1879,  remaiued  outstanding  to  the  amount  of 
$589,050. 

Q'here  have  been  presented  during  the  year  for  conversion  into  four 
per  cent,  bonds,  certificates  amounting  to  $174,300,  leaving  still  un- 
converted $423,750. 

In  the  language  of  the  act,  these  certificates  are  "  convertible  at 
any  time,  with  accrued  interest,  into  the  four  per  cent,  bonds  de- 
scribed in  the  refunding  act."  Prior  to  May  1, 1882,  it  had  been  the 
practice  of  the  Dei^artment  to  convert  the  principal  only  of  the  cer- 
tificates into  four  per  cent,  bonds,  paying  the  interest  accrued  on  the 
certificates  in  lawful  money. 

A  holder  of  refunding  certificates  having  made  a  demand  upon  the 
Department  to  have  the  interest  accrued  on  his  certificates,  as  well  as 
the  principal  thereof,  converted  into  four  per  cent,  bonds,  the  question 
was  referred  to  the  Department  of  Justice  for  examination.  In  the 
opinion  of  the  Attorney-General  which  was  furnished  this  Depart- 
ment, the  claim  thus  made  was  held  to  be  justified  by  the  language 
of  the  act,  and  on  conversions  effected  since  May  1,  four  per  cent, 
bonds  have  b^ien  issued  in  satisfaction  of  the  interest  accrued  on  the 
certificates,  in  lieu  of  the  payment  of  lawful  money,  in  all  cases  where 
such  interest  amounted  to  a  sum  sufficient  to  entitle  the  holder  to  a 
bond. 

Up  to  November  1,  1882,  $5,500  in  four  per  cent,  bonds  have  been 
issued  in  this  manner,  making  an  increase  to  that  extent  of  the  amount 
of  such  bonds  outstanding,  but  not  increasing  the  total  debt. 

CONTINUED  TRUST-FUND  BONDS. 

It  was  stated  in  the  last  report  that  $451,350  in  bonds  of  the  five 
per  cent,  funded  loan,  held  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  as  a  part 
of  the  sinking-fund  for  the  Pacific  Eailroads,  had  been  continued  at 
three  and  a  half  per  cent.,  and  that  $52,000  in  bonds  of  the  same 
loan,  held  in  trust  for  the  South  Carolina  school -fund,  had  also  been 
continued  in  preference  to  allowing  the  bonds  to  be  redeemed  and  in- 
vesting the  proceeds  in  other  bonds. 

For  the  same  reason  the  three  and  a  half  per  cent,  bonds  have  now 
been  exchanged  into  three  per  cent,  bonds  of  the  act  of  July  12,  1882. 

COINS  AND  COINAGE. 

The  report  of  the  Director  of  the  Mint  gives,  in  detail,  the  transac- 
tions of  the  mint,  and  assay  offices  during  the  year,  together  with  sta- 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     39 

tistics  and  inquiiies  into  the  financial  condition  of  our  own  and  forci^ 
countries. 

The  inii)orts  of  foreign  gold  coin  and  bullion  were  during  the  pre- 
^'ion.s  year  ninety-seven  and  one-half  millions.  During  the  last  fiscal 
year  the  excess  of  imports  over  exports  was  about  one  and  three-quarter 
millions. 

There  were  during  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1882,  exports  of — 

Gold  bullion $1, 600,  43G 

Gold  coin,  Amorican L'O,  805,  281) 

Gold  coin,  foreign 1, 182, 1 T)."* 

Total 32,  587, 880 

\  ==^=: 

Silver  bullion $11,  732,  340 

Silver  coin,  American 423,  008 

Silver  coin,  foreign 4,  074, 100 

Total 10,  829,  509 

Total  gold  and  silver $49, 417, 479 

There  were  imjiorts  of — 

Gold  bullion $0,  40G,  053 

Gold  coin,  American 4,  790,  030 

Gold  coin,  foreign .* 20, 174,  371 

Total 34, 377, 054 

Silver  bullion $2, 121, 733 

Silver  coin,  American 940, 877 

Sdver  coin,  foreign 5,  032,  72G 

Total 8,  095, 330 

Total  imports  of  gold  and  silver , $42, 472, 390 

There  were  dei)ositcd  at  tlie  mints  and  assay  ollices  $0(!, 750,053  of 
gold,  which  was  $74,000,000  less  than  the  preceding  year,  because  of  the 
decrease  in  the  imports. 

The  coinage  at  the  mints  during  the  fiscal  j'ear  was — 

Gold $89,  413,  4  t7  50 

Standard  silver  dollars 27,  772,  (>75  (lO 

Fractional  vsilver  coins 11,313  75 

Minor  cuins 044,  757  75 

Total 117,  841, 594  00 


40      REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OP  THE  TREASURY. 

The  coinai;'e  of  gold  was  nearly  $11,000,000  iiioic  tliaii  that  of  any- 
previous  year  in  the  history  of  the  mints.  About  one-half  of  this  was 
in  eagles,  one-third  in  half-eagles,  and  the  rest  in  double-eagles. 

The  purchase  of  silver  for  coinage  during  the  year  was  23,627,229.37 
ounces  of  standard  silver,  at  a  cost  of  $24,136,942.20,  an  average  of 
$1.02.15  per  ounce  standard.  The  average  London  price  for  silver  was 
51^1  pence  per  ounce  of  British  standard  fineness,  equivalent  to  $1.02.26 
per  ounce  United  States  standard,  and  the  average  New  York  price 
was  $1.02,419  per  ounce  standard. 

During  the  year,  about  $29,000  of  punched  and  mutilated  silver  coins 
were  purchased  and  melted  for  recoinage. 

The  stiver  coinage  consisted  of  $27,772,075  in  standard  dollars,  and 
$11,313.75  in  fractional  coin,  a  total  of  $27,783,388.75. 

The  profits  on  the  silver  coinage  amount  to  $3,440,887.15,  of  which 
$3,438,829.41  were  from  the  coinage  of  the  dollar  and  $2,057.74  from 
fi-actional  coin. 

Wlien  the  financial  report  of  this  Department  was  made  last  year, 
public  queries  were  started  whether  the  profits  on  coinage  were  truly 
given.  To  satisfy  myself  and  please  a  proper  public  scrutiny,  I  called 
a  fitting  official  person  from  the  assistant  treasurer's  office  at  New 
York,  and  charged  him  with  a  thorough  investigation  of  the  matter. 
Wliat  he  did  appeajrs  in  his  report  appended  hereto.  I  think  it  is 
complete  and  satistiictory,  and  puts  at  rest  any  doubt  that  the  accounts 
have  been  accurately  kept  and  truly  reported. 

During  the  year  the  mints  distributed  15,747,463  standard  silver 
dollars,  leaving  in  their  vaults  35,365,672,  from  the  coinage  of  this  and 
former  years. 

Of  the  minor  or  base-metal  coins,  46,865,725  pieces  were  struck,  in 
value  $644,757.75.  Of  this,  4,400,775  pieces,  in  value  $220,038.75,  were 
five-cent  nickel  coins,  for  which  the  demand  was  large  during  the  year. 
The  rest  of  it  was  principally  of  one-cent  pieces. 

Besides  the  coinage,  $37,505,120  worth  of  gold  and  $8,129,202  worth 
of  silver  was  made  into  bars. 

Up  to  October  1,  under  the  act  of  May  26, 1882,  $6,588,000.06  in  fine 
gold  bars  fit  for  export  were  changed  for  gold  coin  at  the  New  York 
assay  office,  thus  saving  the  exi3ense  of  coinage. 

The  coin  circulation  of  the  country  on  July  1, 1881,  is  estimated,  from 

the  statistics  of  coinage  and  net  imports  of  coin,  to  have  been — 

United  States  gold  coin $439,  776, 753 

United  States  silver  coin 171,  459,  760 

Total 611,236.519 


KEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     41 

The  increase  on  the  30th  of  June  last,  by  coinage  and  imports  of 
coin,  was — 

United  States  gold  coin $oOO,  882, 185 

United  States  silver  coin ll>0, 573, 3C0 

Total 700,455,545 


There  was  further  increase  by  coinage  and  imports  during  the  next 
quarter  of  $11,308,851  in  gold,  and  $7,036,410  in  silver. 

The  mints  and  assay  offices  on  the  1st  of  October  also  held  for 
coinage  $51,440,420  in  gold  bullion,  and  $3,343,565  in  silver  bullion, 
making  tlie  stock  of  United  States  coin  and  bullion  available  for  coin- 
age on  October  1 — 

United  States  gold  coin $512, 191, 030 

United  States  gold  bullion 51,  440,  -120 

United  States  silver  coin 20(5,  009, 770 

United  States  silver  bullion 3, 343, 565 

Total 773, 584, 791 


THE  NATIONAL,  BANKS. 

The  affairs  of  the  national  banks  during  the  current  year  are  treated 
of  more  fally  in  the  report  of  the  Comptroller  of  the  Currency  than 
space  will  permit  herein.  It  gives  an  abstract  of  their  resources  ami 
liabilities  for  each  year  since  the  national-bank  system  went  into 
operation,  together  with  statistical  information  for  a  series  of  years, 
dra^vu  fi"om  ollieial  sources,  of  the  affairs  of  private  bankers,  savings- 
banks,  and  banking  associations  organized  under  State  laws. 

The  number  of  national  banks  organized  during  the  year  is  171, 
which  is  the  greatest  number  organized  during  any  year  since  1872. 
The  number  of  banks  in  operation  is  2,209;  more  than  at  any  previous 
date.  They  are  located  in  every  State  and  organized  Territory  of  the 
Union.  The  returns  made  by  them  sLow  that  on  October  3d  of  the 
present  year  they  had  as  aggTcgate  capital  $483,104,213;  as  surplus, 
$131,977,450;  as  indi\idual  deposits,  $1,122,472,082;  had  made  loans 
in  amount,  $1,238,286,524;  and  held  in  specie,  $102,857,778. 

The  number  of  banks  whose  corporate  existence  either  Ins  expired, 
or  would  have  expired  if  no  action  had  been  taken  by  their  stock- 
holders, is  eighty-six.  The  stockholders  of  fifty-four  of  them,  which 
have  been  placed  in  voluntary  liquidation  or  whose  charters  have  ex- 
pired by  limitation,  have  organized  new  banks  in  the  same  localities. 


42      REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 

The  stockholders  of  thirty  banks  have  extended  their  existence  under 
the  act  passed  at  the  last  session  of  Congress.  That  act  was  well 
adapted  to  the  purpose  intended. 

The  corporate  existence  of  305  other  banks  will  expire  before  Feb- 
ruary 25,  1883.  Nearly  all  of  these  have  given  notice  of  an  intention 
to  seek  an  extended  period  of  existence,  under  that  act. 

The  repoi-t  also  tells  the  total  amount  of  coin  and  currency  in  the 
country,  and  the  distribution  of  them  in  the  Treasury,  in  the  banks, 
and  among  the  ])eople.  Since  the  day  of  resumption — the  1st  day  of 
January,  1879 — there  has  been  an  increase,  in  gold  coin  of  $288,795,330; 
in  silver  coin  of  105,750,532 ;  and  in  national-bank  notes  of  $38,936,073; 
in  all,  of  $443,481,935. 

The  aggregate  circulation  of  the  national  banks  had  steadily  increased 
for  a  series  of  years.  The  action  of  existing  banks,  in  making  de- 
posit for  the  ultimate  redemption  of  their  circulating  notes,  lessened 
for  the  year  the  amount  of  those  notes  for  which  those  banks  are  liable 
by  the  sum  of  $5,478,854. 

The  national  banks  hold  $220,000,000  of  United  States  bonds  Avhich 
are  payable  at  the  pleasure  of  the  Government.  This  is  more  than 
one-half  of  the  whole  amount  outstanding  of  this  class  of  bonds.  If 
the  public  debt  is  to  be  paid  as  rapidly  as  it  has  been  of  late,  it  is 
likely  that  all  of  these  bonds  will  be  paid  during  the  next  three 
years.  Vv^henever  they  are  called  for  payment,  the  banks  holding 
them,  to  keep  up  the  circulation  of  their  notes,  must  either  deposit 
lawful  monej^  in  the  Treasury  amounting  in  the  aggregate  to  at  least 
$200,000,000,  or  purchase  and  dei)osit  there  other  United  States  bonds. 
The  cheapest  of  those  bonds  are  at  a  high  premium  in  the  market. 

It  is  estimated  that  the  profit  from  the  deposit  of  those  bonds  and 
the  taking  and  issuing  the  circulating  notes  famished  thereon,  when 
the  lawful  rate  of  interest  is  as  high  as  six  per  cent.,  is  not  more 
than  three-fifths  of  one  i)er  cent.  It  is  supposed  that  this  is  not  enough 
to  lead  the  banks  to  buy  them  largely,  for  the  purpose  of  securing  cir- 
culation. 

Is  there  not  reason  for  forethought  whether,  with  this  embarrassment, 
the  bank  circulation  will  not  be  so  largely  retired  as  to  trouble  the  busi- 
ness community? 

Ways  are  suggested  of  forestalling  a  troublesome  contraction  of  the 
circulation — one,  a  reduction  or  abolition  of  the  tax  on  circulation; 
another,  an  increase  of  the  rate  of  issue  to  ninety  per  cent*  of  the 
current  market  value  of  the  bonds ;  another,  that  the  four  and  four 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY,     43 

and  a  half  per  cent,  bonds  be  refunded  into  three  per  cents  upon  terms 
Batisfactory  to  the  holders,  thus  bringing  into  market  a  class  of  bonds 
purchasable  at  a  lower  rate 5  and  another,  that  the  Treasury  Uepiut- 
ment  be  empowered  to  take,  as  a  basis  of  circulation,  the  three-sixty- 
five  bonds  of  the  District  of  Columbia. 

The  Comptroller  gives  statistics  of  the  taxation  of  the  national 
banks,  and  again  recommends  a  repeal  of  the  tax  upon  capital  and 
deposits,  in  which  recommendation  the  Secretary  concurs.  The  capi- 
tal invested  in  national  banks  is  $402,341,001,  The  taxes  assessed 
upon  them  by  the  IJuited  States  and  the  States  for  the  year  1881  were 
$17,189,080,  being  at  the  rate  of  3,7  per  cent.  The  amount  ai^essed 
by  the  United  States  is  near  one-half  of  the  whole.  A  re])eal  of  the 
laws  providing  for  it  would  still  leave  those  banks  liable  to  an  assess- 
ment by  the  States  of  over  eight  millions  of  dollars  per  annum. 

The  Comptroller  of  the  Currency  has  completed  his  annual  tables, 
showing  the  amounts  of  United  States  bonds  held  by  the  national  banks, 
State  banks,  savings-banks,  and  private  bankers  on  the  1st  of  Novem- 
ber, 1882.  The  national  banks  held  on  November  1,  1882,  as  security 
for  circulation  and  for  public  deposits  and  other  purposes,  $390,528,400 
of  interest-bearing  bonds  of  the  United  States.  This  is  nearly  thirty 
millions  less  than  the  amount  held  on  November  1, 1881,  and  about  seven 
millions  less  than  for  the  corresponding  date  in  1880. 

Banking  associations  other  than  national  hold  these  bonds  as  fol- 
lows :  State  banks  in  twenty-one  States,  $8,739,172 ;  trust  companies  in 
five  States,  $10,934,812 ;  savings-banks  in  fifteen  States,  $237,780,442— 
total,  $203,400,420. 

There  has  been  during  the  past  year  a  decrease  of  about  two  millions 
in  the  amount  held  by  State  banks  and  trust  companies,  and  an  ineiease 
of  nearly  twenty-seven  millions  in  the  amounts  held  by  savings  banks. 

The  amounts  held  in  geographical  divisions  by  these  associations 
in  1882  were  as  foUows :  Eastern  States,  $42,007,248 ;  ^Middle  States, 
$197,135,239;  Southern  States,  $208,350;  Western  States,  $3,309,414; 
Pacific  States,  $20,020,175— total,  $203,400,420. 

These  returns  have  been  compiled  from  reports  made  to  the  officers 
of  the  dilTerent  States,  which  have  been  forwarded  by  them  to  the 
Comptroller. 

The  interest-bearing  funded  debt  of  the  United  States  was  on  No- 
vember 1,  $1,418,080,200.  The  total  amount  of  bonds  held  by  the 
national  banks,  State  banks,  and  savings-banks  at  the  nearest  corre- 
sponding date  that  could  be  ascertained  was  $050,988,820,  which  aiiioimt 
is  not  greatly  less  than  one-half  of  the  whole  interest-bearing  debt. 


44     REPOIiT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 

Similar  facts  bave  also  been  compiled  from  the  returns  made  by  State 
banks,  savin  r^s-banks,  and  private  bankers  to  the  Treasury  Department 
for  the  i)urpose  of  taxation,  showing  that  the  banks  and  bankers  of  the 
country,  exckisive  of  the  national  banks,  held  an  average  amount  of 
United  States  bonds  during  the  six  months  ending  May  31, 1882,  as  fol- 
lows :  Savings-banks,  $242,028,782 ;  State  banks  and  trust  companies, 
$23,211,430;  private  bankers,  $14,870,745— total,  $280,110,957. 

The  amount  of  bonds  given  in  the  returns  to  the  Commissioner  of 
Internal  Revenue,  which  is  the  amount  invested  in  United  States  bonds, 
and  may  include  the  premium  as  well  as  principal  of  the  bonds,  is 
$lG,G5t),000  more  than  the  amount  obtained  from  the  returns  to  State 
officers.  The  diiierence  is  comparatively  small,  and  the  amounts  ob- 
tained from  the  one  source  serve  to  corroborate  the  general  accuracy 
of  the  returns  obtained  from  the  other. 

At  the  last  session  of  Congress  legislation  was  had  to  stop  the  over- 
certification  by  national  banks  of  checks,  in  form  drawn  upon  them. 
(See  chapter  290  of  1882,  section  13.)  That  act  is  an  amendment  of 
section  5208  of  the  United  States  Revised  Statutes,  which  made  it 
penal  to  certify  such  a  check  unless  the  drawer  then  had  on  deposit  with 
the  drawee  money  to  the  amount  of  it.  Section  13,  above  cited,  makes 
it  penal  to  resort  to  any  device,  or  to  receive  any  fictitious  obligation, 
whereby  to  evade  the  provisions  of  section  5208,  above  cited.  Since  the 
passage  of  section  13,  instead  of  the  formal  certification  of  checks,  some 
national  banks  have  made  a  formal  accejjtance  thereof.  They  claim  that 
this  does  not  break  the  law,  and  plant  upon  section  5136  of  United  States 
Revised  Statutes,  wherein  that  section  allows  the  making  of  contracts 
and  the  use  of  powers  incidental  and  necessary  to  the  business  of  bank- 
ing; and  upon  section  5209,  United  States  Revised  Statutes,  Avhich 
makes  it  x)enal  for  a  bank  officer  to  accept  without  authority,  whence, 
it  is  claimed,  the  imjilicatiou  is,  that  with  authority  from  the  bank 
directors  it  is  lawful;  and  upon  the  absence  from  section  13  of  an 
express  prohibition  of  making  an  acceptance.  The  question  remains, 
however,  is  the  making  of  the  acceptance  a  resort  to  a  device,  or  the 
receiving  of  a  fictitious  obligation,  in  order  to  evade  the  provisions  of 
section  5208?  For  it  is  understood  at  this  Department  that  these 
acceptances  are  not  always  made  upon  an  amount  of  money  actually  on 
deposit  with  the  acceptor  equal  to  that  of  the  check.  Judging  that 
Congress  was  earnestly  trying  to  stop  a  practice  which  it  deemed 
fraught  with  evil,  I  believed  it  well  to  concur  with  the  Comptroller  of 
the  Currency  in  submitting  the  matter  to  the  Department  of  Justice, 
for  the  official  opinion  of  the  Attorney-General,  whether  a  national  bank 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     45 

might  lawfully  make  such  acceptances ;  and,  as  the  amount  of  them  is 
supposed  to  be  large,  whetlier,  if  the  bank  might  lawfully  make  them, 
it  should  be  held,  in  so  doing,  within  the  bounds  of  section  5200,  Ee\-ised 
Statutes  United  States,  to  the  one-tenth  of  its  paid-up  capital ;  and,  if 
it  might  be  so  held,  whether  that  limit  applied  to  the  gross  amount  of 
the  acceptances  or  to  a  single  acceptance?  (See  section  o202.  United 
States  Kevised  Statutes.)  The  Department  of  Justice  has  made  reply  to 
the  communication  of  this  Department.  The  opinion  of  the  Attorney- 
General  is  that  to  write  the  word  "accepted"  across  a  check  is  to  the 
same  effect  as  to  vrrite  the  word  "good"  there j  and  that,  though  one 
may  be  called  a  "  certification "  and  the  other  an  "  acceptance,"  they 
mean  the  same  thing,  and  are  like  acts;  that  when  the  drawer  has  not 
with  the  drawee  the  funds  with  which  the  check  may  be  at  once  paid, 
the  writing  of  one  word,  just  as  much  as  the  WTiting  of  the  other,  is 
for  the  same  forbidden  purpose — ^to  produce  the  same  forbidden  result : 
that,  inasmuch  as  the  liability  is  the  same  whether  the  check  be  marked 
with  the  one  word  or  the  other,  either  mark,  if  incurring  that  liability, 
would  seem  to  be  sufficient  to  bring  the  case  within  the  prohibition 
referred  to.  It  remains  to  be  seen  whether  the  banks  which  have 
indulged  in  this  practice  will  cease  therefrom  on  knowledge  of  this 
opinion,  or  whether  the  Comptroller  of  the  Currency,  or  the  law  officers 
of  the  Government,  must  enforce  the  pains  and  penalties  incurred  by 
violation  of  the  law. 

PUBLIC  MONEYS. 

The  monetary  transactions  of  the  Government  have  been  conducted 
through  the  ofGces  of  the  United  States  Treasurer,  nine  assistant 
treasurers,  and  one  hundred  and  thirty-five  national-bank  depositaries. 

The  gross  receipts  of  the  Government,  amounting  during  the  fiscal 
year,  as  shown  by  warrants,  to  $524,470,974.28,  were  deposited  as  fol- 
lows: 

In  independent-treasury  offices $382,  G80, 906  77 

In  national-bank  depositaries 141, 790, 067  51 

The  quarterly  examinations  of  independent-treasury  offices,  required 
by  law,  have  been  made,  and  those  offices  have,  besides,  been  sub- 
jected to  special  examinations  by  officers  of  this  Department.  As  far 
as  known,  there  has  been  no  loss  to  the  Government  from  public  officers 
engaged  either  in  the  receipt,  the  safe-keeping,  or  the  disbursement  of 
the  public  moneys.  I  have  seen  some  instances  of  misdealing  with 
them,  but  as  yet  without  ultimate  public  loss. 


46 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


CUSTOMS. 

The  revenue  from  customs  for  the  last  fiscal  year  was  $220,410,730.25, 
au  increase  of  $22,251,054.23  over  that  of  the  preceding  year;  an 
increase  in  the  value  of  dutiahle  imj^orts  of  $73,887,486,  and  in  that  ot 
free  goods  of  $8,087,460.  There  was  collected  at  the  port  of  New 
York  the  sum  of  $152,773,962.32;  at  all  other  ports,  $68,300,f')98.03. 
The  sum  of  $49,198,312  was  collected  on  sugar,  melado,  and  molasses; 
$29,253,016  on  wool  and  its  manufactures;  $24,175,547  on  iron  and 
steel,  and  manufactures  thereof;  $22,633,137  on  manufactures  of  silk; 
$12,227,103  on  those  of  cotton;  and  $6,771,483  on  wines  and  spirits; 
in  all,  from  those  articles,  $144,258,598. 

The  table  here  given  shows  the  rate  per  centum  of  the  cost  of  collec- 
tion.   It  is  .0294,  and  is  less  than  that  of  any  year  since  1876: 

Aggregate  duties  on  imports  and  tonnage,  and  receipts  and  expenses  of  collection  for  the  fiscal 
years  1877,  1878,  1879,  1880,  1881,  and  1882. 


Year. 

Duties. 

Receipts. 

Expenses. 

Cost,  per 
cent. 

1877      

$130, 956, 493  07 
130, 170, 680  20 
137,250,047  70 
186, 522,  064  60 
198, 159, 676  02 
220, 410, 730  25 

$132, 634, 029  53 
132,024,409  16 
138,976,631  79 
188, 508,  690  34 
200, 079, 150  98 
222, 559, 104  83 

$6, 501,  037  57 
5,826,974  32 
5, 485, 779  03 
5, 995, 878  06 
6,419,345  20 
6, 549, 595  07 

4.90 

1878 

4.41 

1879 

3.94 

1880 

3.18 

1881 

3.20 

1882 

2.94 

I  also  ask  the  attention  of  Congress  to  the  classification  of  sugar,  as  I 
know  not  whether  it  will  be  treated  of,  or,  if  it  is,  how  it  will  be  treated 
of  in  any  other  document  brought  to  the  attention  of  Congress;  and 
the  subject  is  one  of  practical  importance. 

The  Dutch  standard  of  color  is  no  longer  a  practical  test  of  the  sac- 
charine strength  of  imported  sugars,  or  of  their  value  for  refining.  The 
Supreme  Court,  in  a  recent  decision,  has  interpreted  the  existing  law 
to  be,  that  customs  officers  may  not  look  beyond  the  apparent  color,  and 
must  classify  the  invoices  thereby,  though  satisfied  that  the  color  is  arti- 
ficial and  made  to  get  a  lower  rate  of  duty.  That  standard  was  adopted, 
doubtless,  believing  that  color  showed  value.  The  intention  was  to 
put  upon  sugar,  duties  in  effect  ad  valorem.  As  it  has  come  about,  how- 
ever, the  grades  of  sugar  highest  in  value,  when  thus  artificially  colored, 
come  in  at  the  lowest  rate  of  duty.  The  purpose  of  Congress  in  ado])t- 
ing  the  Dutch  standard  is  measurably  defeated.  Provision  should  be 
made  for  just  classification.  This  may  be  done  by  putting  on  an  ad 
valorem  duty,  by  a  specific  duty,  or  by  authorizing  some  standard  other 
than  that  of  apparent  color.    IJTow,  domestic  producers  do  not  get  the 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.      47 

incidental  protection  meant  to  be  given  them.  Importers,  too,  are 
subject  to  embarra.ssment  in  fixing  the  rate  of  duty  on  their  goods,  and 
otherwise. 

The  importance  of  a  new  tribunal  for  the  trial  of  customs  cases,  or  of 
the  transfer  of  them  to  an  existing  tribunal,  is  again  presented  to  Con- 
gress. The  bill  now  pending  gives  jurisdiction  over  them  to  the  Court 
of  Claims.  It  seems  to  this  Department  that  thisis  a  method  economical 
and  speedy,  and  hence  good  for  the  disposal  of  these  cases.  It  would 
relieve  the  Department  of  business  which  it  is  not  fully  organized  to 
entertain  and  properly  act  upon. 

The  recommendation  of  last  year  is  repeated,  that  the  Secretary  be 
authorized  to  refer  to  the  Court  of  Claims,  in  his  discretion,  any  disputed 
claims  against  the  Government  involving  important  questions  of  law 
or  fact.  This  would  give  to  claimants  and  to  the  Government  a  proper 
iudicial  trial  and  judgment,  and  ward  ofl'the  requests  for  re-exainina- 
tions  which  are  now  urged  upon  every  change  of  principal  officers  of 
Departments. 

It  is  also  recommended  that  there  bo  authorized  the  appointment  of 
three  additional  general  appraisers.  The  necessity  for  this  addition 
has  long  been  felt,  the  interests  of  the  Government  having  suffered  in 
some  sections  for  the  lack  of  a  proper  tribunal  to  determine  disputes. 

INTERNAL  REVENUE. 

From  the  various  objects  of  taxation  under  the  internal-revenue  laws 
the  receipts  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1882,  were  as  follows : 

From  spirits $60, 873, 408  18 

From  tobacco 47,  391, 988  91 

From  fermented  liquors 16, 153, 920  12 

From  banks  and  bankers 5,  253, 158  47 

From    adhesive     stamps,     (including    bank     checks, 
$2,318,155.14;    friction  matches,  $2,272,258  5   patent 

med  icines,  &c.,  $1,978,395.56) 7, 560, 108  70 

From  penalties,  &c 199,  830  01 

From  collections  not  otherwise  provided  for 81, 559  00 

Total 116, 523,  273  72 


The  increase  of  the  revenue  from  spirits  during  the  last  fiscal  year 
was  $2,719,433.30;  the  increase  from  tobacco  in  its  various  forms  of 
manufacture  for  the  same  i)eriod  was  $4,536,997.60 ;  the  increase  from 
fermented  liquors  was  $2,453,670.21 ;  the  increase  of  revenue  from  taxes 
on  banks  and  bankers  was  $1,491,250.40;  the  total  increase'  of  iuterniil 
revenue  from  all  sources  was  $11,293,361.42. 


48  REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    TflE    TREASa!!!'. 

REDUCTION  OF  TAXATION. 

The  Treasury  Department  was  created  by  act  of  Congress,  chapter 
xii,  of  the  year  1789.  By  the  second  section  it  was  made  the  duty 
of  the  Secretary  "  to  digest  and  prepare  plans  for  the  improvement 
of  the  revenue."  The  word  improvement  meant  enlargement.  The 
need  was  for  more  revenue,  and  the  lack  was  of  subjects  from  which 
it  might  bo  taken.  In  that  sense  that  duty  is  now  %^'ithout  care.  The 
times  have  changed.  What  now  perplexes  the  Secretary  is  not  where- 
from  he  may  get  revenue  and  enough  for  the  pressing  needs  of  the 
Government,  but  whereby  he  shall  tui-n  back  into  the  flow  of  business 
the  more  than  enough  for  those  needs  that  has  been  drawn  from  the 
people. 

There  are  now  in  the  Treasuiy  unused  assets  to  a  large  amount,  and 
the  daily  receipts  into  the  Treasury  from  customs  and  internal-revenue 
taxation  are  about  a  milhon  and  a  quarter. 

It  is  plain  from  this,  and  the  statement  with  which  this  report  be- 
gins of  the  estimated  expenditures  for  the  next  fiscal  year,  that  the 
receipts  from  revenue  are,  and  are  likely  to  be,  in  excess  of  the  needs 
of  the  Government. 

From  the  inequality  between  daily  large  receipts  and  comparatively 
small  daily  disbursements  there  comes  an  evil  effect  upon  the  business 
of  the  country.  The  collections  by  Government  are  taken  out  of  the 
money  market  in  sums  and  at  dates  which  have  little  or  no  agreement 
with  the  natural  movement  of  money,  and  are  returned  to  it  with  the 
same  inadaptation  to  commercial  or  financial  requirements.  Occa- 
sionally the  large  disbursements  of  the  Government  have  created  a 
pletliora  of  money;  more  frequently  its  large  and  continued  withdrawals 
of  money  have  caused  such  a  scarcity  of  floating  capital  as  to  check 
the  proper  movement  of  legitimate  business.  It  is  not  only  that  the 
amount  in  the  Treasury  is  so  much  kept  from  the  use  of  community ; 
the  fact  becomes  an  incentive  and  an  aid  to  men  who  for  their  own  ends 
conspire  to  keep  from  that  use  other  large  sums.  We  have  believed 
that  the  laws  of  the  States  against  primogeniture,  the  entail  of  es- 
tates, and  the  accumulation  of  personal  property,  stood  in  the  way  of 
heaping  up  wealth  in  single  hands,  and  gathering  in  single  hands  the 
power  over  others  that  great  wealth  gives.  But  so  it  is,  that  to-day 
there  are  men  so  rich  that  by  conspiring  together,  they  can  at  will  put 
and  hold  hand  on  near  as  much  money  as  Government  can  lay  hand  to, 
save  by  the  use  of  its  credit.  The  power  thus  had  is  used  from  time 
to  time.    It  results,  that  violent  and  sudden  contractions  and  expansions 


REPORT  OF  THP:  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     49 

afflict  the  business  community,  aud  the  Govertiineut  is  an  unwilling 
aider  and  abettor  therein.  It  has  come  about  that  the  Treasury  De- 
partment is  looked  to  a.s  a  great,  if  not  a  chief  cause  of  recurring  strin- 
gencies, and  the  Treasury  is  calli^d  to  for  relief.  Every  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury  for  years  past,  has  had  it  brought  clearly  to  his  mind,  aud 
oflficial  expedients  have  been  used  to  remedy  the  «'vi].  Littl<»  of  last- 
ing value  has  been  accomplished  thereby. 

There  is  no  advisable  and  lawful  mode  of  disbursing  an  «_'\i.sting  excess 
of  assets  but  that  of  the  payment  of  the  public  debt.  That  debt  is 
substantially  of  two  principal  classes — that  payable  at  the  pleasure  of 
the  Government,  that  payable  at  a  fixed  date  in  the  future.  The 
former  is  also  of  two  kinds — that  bearing  interest  at  three  aud  a  half 
per  cent.,  and  that  at  three  per  cent.  The  latter  may  not  be  called  in 
for  payment  while  any  of  the  former  is  outstanding  and  uncalled.  So 
is  the  law  of  its  creation.  Of  the  former  there  are  outstanding  and  un- 
called over  seventy  millions.  The  interpretation  put  by  the  Department 
upon  the  ^^arious  laws  out  of  which  that  debt  has  arisen,  requires  that  a 
call  for  it  for  payment  must  fix  for  the  maturity  and  for  the  cessation 
of  interest  a  date  three  months  oft'.  This  somewhat  hampers  the  De- 
partment in  so  making  calls  as  to  keep  up  a  timely  succession.  For  calls 
at  three  months  off  there  must  eitlier  be  the  funds  in  hand  therefor  at 
the  time  when  the  call  is  made,  or  there  must  be  a  reliance  upon  the 
probable  prospective  receipts.  To  wait  before  making  a  call  until  the 
funds  are  in  fact  in  hand  would  be  to  increase  the  evil  of  which  I  am  speak- 
ing. To  call  in  reliance  upon  receipts  to  come  needs  caution,  lest  by 
changes  in  business  currents  or  business  prosperity  they  may  be  les- 
sened, and  thus  embarrassment  ensue;  so  that,  practically,  the  Depart- 
ment cannot  with  prudence  work  in  this  matter  ui>  to  what  may  tiu'n  out 
to  be  its  full  ability.  Whether  the  three  per  cent,  bonds  will  require  the 
same  length  of  call-time  has  not  yet  been  determined.  Xor  is  a  call  al- 
ways eflectual  in  l)ringiug  in  the  debt  for  payment.  The  monthly'  state- 
ments of  the  public  debt  show  that  of  matured  obligations  on  wliich 
interest  has  ceased  there  are  outstanding  over  ele\^en  millions  and  a  half, 
some  of  it  from  the  year  1837.  Doubtless  some  of  this  has  been  lost 
or  destroyed,  and  will  never  be  brought  for  ])aymeut.  Bnt  bonds  which 
are  in  late  calls  come  in  slowly.  Thus,  of  the  calls  preceding  the  last, 
all  of  which  have  been  some  days  payable  at  option  of  holders  with- 
out rebate  of  interest,  aud  which  were,  in  all,  for  $r)r>,0(lO,()00,  there 
is  outcstanding  $3.3,000,000  and  over. 

Bonds  of  the  other  princii)al  class  are  of  several  kinds,  all  i)ayal)lo  at 
a  future  date,  and  all  arc  now  at  a  high  premium  in  the  market.     If  it 
4  Ab 


50      REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 

were  good  policy  for  the  Department  to  buy  these  at  their  premium,  it 
could  by  so  doing  easily  free  the  Treasury  from  its  excess  of  assets. 
Various  causes  put  these  premiums,  at  a  height  almost  unexam- 
pled. It  is  true  that  capitalists  may  buy  them  now,  and  they  will,  if 
the  present  state  of  things  continues,  by  the  time  they  fall  due  and 
payable,  and  are  paid  to  them  at  their  face,  have  realized  some  in- 
terest upon  the  purchase  price.  At  the  present  premium  on  most  if  not 
on  all  of  them  that  will  be  short  of  three  per  cent.  Calculations  show 
that  at  these  premiums  a  purchase  will  not  have  yielded  at  the  end  of 
their  term  three  per  cent,  on  the  money  paid  for  them.  The  Govern- 
ment by  the  purchase  of  them  might  in  effect  take  an  equal  profit. 
But  it  can  save  to  itself  three  and  a  half  per  cent,  by  calling  bonds  of 
that  class.  Hence,  I  do  not  perceive  how  a  Secretary  couldjustify  him- 
self to  the  country  at  large,  in  paying  the  Government  debt  at  ruling 
premiums,  when  there  is  no  requirement  of  law  to  be  answered,  and  no 
convenience  or  pressing  need  of  the  Government  to  be  met;  unless 
there  is  a  great  emergency,  and  general  financial  disaster  is  threatened, 
which  only  extreme  measures  of  Governmental  interference  can  turn 
aside.  It  is  true  that  this  Depi^rtment  has  heretofore,  and  as  late  as 
March  30,  1881,  purchased  bonds  and  paid  for  them  the  face  value 
and  a  premium  thereon.  The  purchases  on  that  day  were  over  five 
millions  and  a  quarter  of  dollars,  and  the  premium  j^aid  near  fifty-five 
thousand  dollars.  But  the  purchase  was  for  the  sinking-fund,  and  the 
law  of  that  fund  required  a  purchase,  and  there  were  no  Government 
bonds  redeemable  at  pleasure  to  the  payment  of  which  an  excess  of 
assets  might  be  applied.  In  former  years  there  were  large  and  con- 
tinued purchases  of  bonds  at  a  premium,  but  they  went  hand  in  hand 
with  sales  of  gold  at  a  greater  premium,  and  the  Government  made  a 
profit  by  the  transaction,  and  then,  too,  was  for  a  time  the  requirement 
of  the  sinking-fund,  and  there  were  no  bonds  payment  of  which  might  be 
made  in  invitum. 

The  anticipation  of  payment  of  called  bonds  without  a  rebate  of  the 
interest  up  to  the  day  named  in  the  call  rests  upon  a  ditlerent  basis. 
A  prepayment  of  interest  upon  the  public  debt  is  sanctioned  by  express 
provision  of  law.  (See  resolution  No.  25,  of  March,  18G4,  and  U.  S. 
Rev.  Stats.,  3699.)  A  reference  to  the  debates  in  Congress  when  that 
resolution  was  under  discussion,  shows  that  the  motive  for  the  adop- 
tion of  it  was,  that  the  Treasury  Department  might  at  any  time  break 
a  tightness  in  the  money  market  by  putting  out  money  idle  in  its  vaults. 
The  power  thus  given  has  of  late  been  used  for  that  purpose.  Though 
this  does  give  a  gain  to  the  holders  of  the  bonds,  it  ijuts  no  loss  upon 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     51 

the  Government.  The  Treasury  uses  for  the  prepayment,  money  that 
it  needs  not  for  use  iu  other  ways,  and  which  yields  no  interest,  and 
which  it  must  at  last  use  for  paying  just  what  it  pays  in  advance,  and 
to  no  more  than  the  amount  that  it  must  at  last  pay.  In  paying  a  high 
premium,  however,  it  pays  what  it  is  not  bound  ever  to  pay,  and  it  is 
not  a  certain  event  that  it  will  ever  make  itself  whole  again,  and  to 
the  extent  of  some  part  of  the  premium,  it  extinguishes  uo  debt. 

It  is  doubtless  good  policy  to  extinguish  the  long  bonds  of  the  Gov- 
ernment, rather  than  those  payable  at  its  pleasure;  for  the  time  is  at 
hand  when,  with  the  present  rate  of  receipts  and  the  present  rate  of 
payment  of  the  public  debt,  all  the  bonds  subject  to  optional  time  of 
payment  will  have  been  called  in.  Tlien,  if  there  be  a  surplus  in  the 
Treasury,  there  will  be  no  outlet  for  it  save  by  purchase  at  large  pre- 
mium of  long  bonds,  or  the  disbursement  of  it  through  appropriations 
for  purposes  beyond  the  ordinary  and  economical  needs  of  the  Gov- 
ernment. It  is,  therefore,  for  Congress  to  consider  the  propriety  of  em- 
powering this  Department  to  buy  the  long  bonds  at  a  high  premium.  If 
it  shall  deem  it  i>olitic  to  make  general  purchases  of  bonds  at  such  pre- 
mium for  extinguishment,  it  should  by  law  give  to  this  Department 
express  authority'  so  to  do,  and  thus  adoi^t  that  policy. 

There  have  been  other  suggestions  of  modes  of  freeing  the  Treasury 
of  an  excess  of  assets.  The  national-bank  act,  section  35,  (U.  S.  Ke- 
\ised  Statutes,  sec.  5133,)  iirovides  for  the  designation  of  national 
banks  as  depositaries  of  public  moneys,  security  being  taken  in  a  cor- 
responding deposit  of  United  States  bonds.  All  monej'S  received  for 
customs  nuist  be  paid  into  the  Treasury,  and  no  part  of  them  can  be 
l)laced  in  national  bank  depositaries.  It  is  seen  that  if  they,  or  any 
part  of  them,  were  deposited  with  national-bank  depositaries,  they 
would  soon  find  their  way  back  iuto  the  currents  of  business  in  loans 
and  discounts,  as  do  now  the  receipts  from  internal-revenue  taxation. 

There  are  in  the  Treasury  over  fifty  millions  of  dollars,  being  the 
five  per  cent,  fund  for  the  redemption  of  national-bank  notes,  and  the 
fund  for  the  redemption  of  notes  of  national  banks  that  have  failed. 
These  funds  have  not  beeu  treated  by  the  Department  as  "public 
nu)neys"  within  the  intent  of  the  sections  above  cited,  and  have  been 
kept  in  the  Treasury.  If  CongTess  should  give  an  interpretation  to 
the  words  "public  moneys"  Avhich  would  take  in  these  funds,  and  thej' 
be  put  on  deposit  with  the  public  depositaries,  the  same  results  would 
follow  as  are  above  suggested  as  to  customs  receipts. 

It  is  argued  by  tliose  who  contend  for  larger  use  of  the  banks  as  de- 
positaries that  all  other  civilized  countries  have  an  advantage  over 


52      REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 

tlie  TJuited  States  in  the  relations  between  their  treasuries  and  the 
money  market;  that  tlieir  governments  keep  tlicir  accounts  with  the 
strongest  banks  in  the  country,  and  in  this  natural  way  of  transacting 
business  they  do  not  deprive  their  trade  of  the  natural  and  necessary 
services  of  floating  capital;  that  it  is  only  in  the  United  States  that 
the  Government,  chiefly  by  law  and  partly  for  want  of  the  use  of  exist- 
ing discretionary  powers,  deliberately  disturbs  the  natural  currents  of 
money,  inflicting  upon  trade  a  prolonged  or  spasmodic  stringency  by 
locking  up  its  receipts,  or  stimulating  speculation  by  a  sudden  out- 
pouring of  its  hoard;  that  all  business  is  taxed  by  this  system  of  legal 
caprice,  and  that  it  is  probably  no  exaggeration  to  say  that  our  Treas- 
ury statutes  cause  discounts  in  New  York  City  to  average  two  per  cent, 
higher  than  under  the  more  natural  system  of  employing  the  ordinary 
business  agencies  for  the  Government's  collections  and  disbursements. 

I  do  not  yield  to  this  reasoning  to  the  full  extent  that  it  is  sought 
to  push  it.  It  may  be  well  to  give  the  Department  the  power  to  make 
larger  deposits  in  the  public  depositaries.  I  conceive  that  the  receij^ts 
from  customs,  now  to  great  extent  pledged  by  law  to  the  payment  of  the 
bonded  creditor,  should  be  held  in  the  Treasury;  for  in  another  course 
there  are  disadvantages  that  might  come  to  both  Government  and  people, 
and  which  would,  if  they  came,  outweigh  all  advantages  to  either.  It 
is  safe  to  say  that  the  country  is  never  so  sure  of  a  continued  course 
of  prosperity  as  that  prudent  forecast  will  not  take  heed  of  possible 
financial  disturbance  and  disaster.  If  such  should  come,  in  such  mag- 
nitude as  that  the  national-bank  depositaries  should  be  involved  in 
common  with  all,  it  would  be  of  the  greatest  good  that  the  Govern- 
ment had  in  its  own  hands  the  means  to  meet  the  daily  calls  upon  it. 
It  has  chanced  that,  singly,  national-bank  depositaries  have  failed  to 
meet  the  drafts  of  the  Government  upon  them,  to  its  embarrassment. 
Greatly  more  so  would  it  be  if  all  or  many  should  so  fail  together, 
and  together  should  have  in  keeping,  in  main,  the  assets  of  the  Govern- 
ment. The  policy  of  the  Department  has  been  to  keep  for  the  redemp- 
tion of  the  United  States  notes  a  reserve  of  about  forty  per  cent,  of  the 
amount  of  them  outstanding,  and,  besides  that,  to  hold  money  enough 
to  meet  all  other  obligations  payable  on  demand.  It  is  a  i^art  of  that 
policy  that  the  Treasui-y  should  itself  hold  that  reserve.  "You  must 
be  ready  for  the  e'vil  day,  and,  being  readj^  for  the  evil  day,  the  evil 
day  almost  never  comes;  not  being  ready  for  the  evil  day,  it  is  certain  to 
come."  For  these  reasons  I  would  not  seek  a  release  of  the  Treasury 
from  this  complication,  in  these  modes. 

The  radical  cure  for  the  evil  is  in  the  reduction  of  taxation,  so  that 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     53 

no  more  Tvill  be  taken  tiom  the  peojjle  than  enough  to  carry  on  the 
Government  with  economy ;  to  meet  all  its  obligations  that  must  be 
met  from  year  to  year;  to  pay  off  with  reasonable  celerity  the  part  of 
the  debt  which  it  may  pay  at  pleasure,  and  to  provide  through  the 
sinking-fund  for  the  payment  of  that  which  will  become  payable  by 
and  by.  The  evil  comes  from  the  likelihood  of  the  Government  hold- 
ing from  time  to  time  a  large  surplus  to  be  ijoured  out  in  volume  at 
uncertain  and  unforeseen  times,  and  at  times  often  inopportune  for 
the  business  of  the  country.  There  could  not  be  that  surplus,  surely 
not  so  great  a  one,  if  the  subjects  of  taxation  were  lessened  and  the 
rates  made  smaller  upon  those  retained. 

The  figures  are  given  above  which  show  an  estimated  surplus  of 
public  moneys  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 1883,  upon  the  basis 
of  existing  laws  and  including  the  sinking-fimd,  of  $75,577,043.75. 

Unless  some  disturbing  cause  comes  in,  not  now  foreseen,  that  sur- 
plus will  increase  from  jear  to  year  as  the  interest  on  the  public  debt 
decreases.  For  without  such  cause  the  revenues  from  all  sources  will 
not  be  diminished  if  the  laws  i)roductive  thereof  remain  unchanged. 
As  so  great  an  annual  surplus  is  the  direct  result  of  the  existing  revenue 
laws,  what  will  be  the  financial  condition  of  the  country  if  these  laws 
remain  unchanged  and  taxation  be  not  reduced  ? 

In  connection  herewith,  should  be  borne  in  mind  the  increasing  ex- 
penditure for  pensions,  as  likely  to  affect  in  some  degree  the  increase 
of  surplus." 

The  Commissioner  of  Pensions  has  fiu'nished  to  this  Department  an 
estimate  based  upon  facts  on  his  records  which  gives  these  figures: 

Number  of  claims  filed  to  June  30,  1882 817, 722 

Number  admitted 472,  77G 

Number  on  rejected  files 75, 268 

Number  pending 2G9,  G7S 

817,  722 


Of  the  number  pending,  197,023  are  entitled  to  "arrears,"  and  the 
first  payment  in  the  same,  compiled  from  discharge  or  death  to  date, 
would  not  fall  below  $200,000,000. 

The  remaining  72,055  were  filed  subsequent  to  June  30,  1880,  and 
pension,  when  allowed,  would  commence  from  date  of  filing. 

Last  year  he  estimated  tliat  the  average  value  on  the  1st  «lay  of 
January,  1884,  of  each  claim  allowed  out  of  the  class  in  which  are  the 
197,023  above,  would  be  $1,350,  and  he  then  reckoned  that  about  five- 
sixths  of  that  class  would  be  found  valid  claims  and  would  be  allowed. 


54     REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 

The  amount  of  United  States  bonds  which  are  now  due  and  payable 
at  the  pleasure  of  the  Government  are  as  follows : 

Fives  continued  at  three  and  a  half  per  cent $155, 350, 350 

Threes 259, 370, 500 

Total 414,  720, 850 

Those  which  next  become  redeemable  are  the  four  and  a  half  per 
cents,  which  may  be  paid  September  1, 1891 $250, 000, 000 

Lastly,  the  four  per  cents,  redeemable  July  1, 1907 738, 929, 600 

To  which  add  the  refunding  certificates 423, 750 

Making 739, 353, 350 


The  amount  of  the  fanded  debt  redeemable  at  any  time  before  Sep- 
tember 1,  1891,  which  will  remain  unpaid  on  the  30th  of  June,  1883, 
is  about  $300,000,000,  and  upon  the  foregoing  estimates  for  the 
fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1883,  the  whole  funded  debt  now  redeem- 
able could  be  paid  before  June  30, 1886.  This  would  leave  as  the  sur- 
plus for  more  than  five  years  the  amount  of  $600,000,000,  undisposed 
of  in  the  Treasury,  unless,  yielding  to  the  temptation  of  seeming 
wealth,  expenditures  be  largely  iu creased.  The  amount  of  the  loan 
redeemable  in  1891  is  only  $250,000,000,  and,  as  has  been  stated,  no 
other  loan  becomes  redeemable  until  1907,  so  that  the  surplus  under 
the  conditions  supposed  will  rapidly  increase  until  that  date.  The 
amount  of  the  loan  of  1907,  as  already  appears,  is  less  than  $740,000,000, 
so  that,  were  it  all  redeemable,  the  whole  public  debt  could  be  paid 
from  a  surplus  as  great  as  estimated  early  in  the  fiscal  year  ending 
June  30,  1894. 

It  has  not  often  occurred  in  public  financial  history  that  embarrass- 
ment has  arisen  through  superabundance  of  revenues.  The  condition 
of  the  country  in  that  respect,  while  it  illustrates  its  almost  boundless 
resources,  and  establishes  its  credit  beyond  a  question,  presents  diffi- 
culties of  grave  character. 

The  accumulation  in  the  Treasury  of  a  large  surplus,  which  must  occur 
unless  immediate  measures  are  enacted  for  a  reduction  of  the  revenues, 
is  not  to  be  placidly  contemplated,  and  the  question  confronts  us,  in 
what  manner  may  it  best  be  prevented? 

The  suggestion  thilt  the  Government  may  go  into  the  market  and 
purchase  its  bonds  not  yet  redeemable  at  the  market  rates  is  noted 
in  another  place.  As  a  temporary  expedient,  or  for  a  relatively  small 
amount,  this  policy  might  be  adopted.  But  were  it  estabhshed  by  law 
as  a  permanent  policy,  the  long  bonds,  now  at  a  high  premium,  would 


REPOET  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     55 

be  SO  enlianced  in  price  as  to  render  the  purchase  of  bonds  imprac- 
ticable within  reasonable  bounds. 

A  greater  use  of  the  national  banks  as  depositaries  is  treated  of 
elsewhere  herein.  If  that  should  be  made,  it  would  be  but  a  return  to 
the  channels  of  business  of  moneys  taken  from  them  without  need, 
and  with  the  charge  upon  the  people  of  the  cost  of  collecting. 

I  respectfully  refer  to  my  last  report  for  my  views  upon  this  sub- 
ject. They  have  not  materially  changed.  Now,  as  then,  it  is  recom- 
mended to  retain  a  tax  on  spirits,  tobacco,  and  fermented  liquors,  as 
legitimate  subjects  of  needful  taxation.  They  are,  in  the  main,  the 
means  of  indulgence,  and  should  come  before  necessaries  as  subjects  of 
taxation.  The  tax  from  spirits  for  the  last  year  was  $09,873,408.18; 
that  from  tobacco,  $47,391,988.01;  that  from  fermented  licpiors, 
$10,153,920.42.  The  increase  over  the  year  1881  was,  on  spirits, 
$2,719,433.30;  on  tobacco,  $4,530,997.00;  on  fermented  liquors, 
$2,453,079.21.  The  total  receipts  from  the  taxation  of  these  articles 
was  for  the  last  year  about  one  hundred  and  thirty-three  millions  of 
dollars.  The  estimated  expenditures  for  this  fiscal  year  are  near  three 
hundred  millions.  The  retention  of  this  tax  will  still  leave  a  large  sum 
to  be  raised  from  other  sources,  so  that  there  is  not  a  i)ressing  need  of 
a  reduction  here.  Should  it,  however,  be  deemed  expedient  to  reduce 
the  rate  of  duties  on  either  of  these  articles,  to  obviate  the  inducement 
to  fraud,  or  to  render  such  duties  more  equal,  objection  is  not  so 
strongly  urged  against  a  moderate  modification  as  against  a  total 
repeal  of  all  taxes  thereon.  Propositions  have  recently  been  made  to 
abolish  the  whole  system  of  internal  revenue,  but  neither  i)nblic  senti- 
ment nor  political  action  indicates  a  desire  on  the  part  of  tax-paying 
citizens  to  strike  out  this  class  of  taxes.  All  the  other  subjects  of  internal 
revenue  niay  be  released  from  taxation,  unless  bank  circulation  be  re- 
tained. It  is  a  franchise,  a  privilege  to  furnish  that,  and  it  is  of  profit 
to  the  banks  and  of  expense  to  the  Government,  and  hence  is  a  prefer- 
able subject  of  taxation.  The  amount  derived  from  it  was  $3,190,981.98 
the  last  year,  yet  as  the  banks  are  liable  to  assessment  by  the  States, 
and  thus  to  bear  a  share  of  public  burdens,  it  is  advisable  to  strike  otf 
the  Federal  taxation  on  their  circulation. 

The  whole  amount  of  internal  revenue  fi)r  the  year  ended 
June  30,  1882,  besides  those  from  spirits,  fermented 
li(iu(»rs,  and  tol)acco,  is $13, 073,  950  21 

The  tax  on  circuhition  and  deposits  of  national  banks 
for  the  same  period  is 8, 950,  794  00 

Making 22, 030,  750  S7 


56      REPOKT  OF  TirE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 

Deduct  tliis  amount  from  our  surplus  revenues,  aud  we  have  still  a 
surplus  of  about  $08,000,000. 

To  complete  au  effectual  reduction  of  taxation,  it  must  be  made  on 
some  principal  source  of  revenue,  and  such  an  one  is  the  duties  on 
imports  collected  under  the  tariff  laws,  and  an  additional  obvious 
method  of  avoiding-  a  surplus  in  the  TreasRiry  is  a  reduction  of  the 
revenues  from  those. 

The  subject  of  the  rc^^eal  of  the  tax  on  circulation  and  deposits  of 
national  banks,  and  those  upon  adhesive  stamps,  and  those  derived 
from  banks  and  bankers,  has  been  much  discussed  in  Congress.  It 
will  be  seen,  however,  that  the  repeal  of  all  these  taxes  would  relieve 
but  a  portion  of  the  difiiculty. 

The  revenues  from  customs  for  the  current  year  are  estimated  at 
$235,000,000,  aud  under  existing  laws,  and  without  a  disturbing  cause 
now  unforeseen,  we  may  expect  that  they  will  not  diminish  in  future 
years.  It  seems,  therefore,  that  a  reduction  should  be  made  in  the 
revenue  from  the  customs. 

In  reading  the  testimony  before  the  Tariff  Commission  it  is  to  be  ob- 
served that  with  scarcely  an  exception  the  representative  of  every  in- 
dustr}^, while  conceding  that  a  general  reduction  of  the  tariff  Is  proper 
and  necessary,  has  claimed  that  its  peculiar  product  can  submit  to  no 
reduction  of  the  protection  now  afforded. 

While  the  views  of  the  manufacturers  are  to  be  weighed,  it  is  man- 
ifest that  they  will  never  be  able  to  agree  ui)on  a  reduction  of  the  tarift' 
duties. 

All  agree  that  a  revision  of  the  tariff  is  necessary.  The  action  of 
Congress  in  creating  a  Commission  for  that  purpose  renders  discus- 
sion on  that  point  unnecessary.  The  action  of  that  commission  in 
detail  is  not  yet  known  to  this  Department.  Whatever  may  be  its 
recommendations,  they  wiU  no  doubt  receive  respectful  consideration. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  however,  cannot  feel  that  he  is  re- 
lieved of  responsibility  because  of  that  Commission.  He  deems  it 
proper,  therefore,  to  make  some  recommendations  upon  the  subject. 

The  whole  amount  of  revenue  from  customs  for  the  fiscal  year 
ended  June  30,  1882,  has  afready  been  stated  at  something  more  than 
$220,000,000.  The  classes  of  merchandise  pajiug  the  largest  amount 
of  duties  from  customs  are  the  following,  in  tfee  order  named:  Sugar 
and  molasses,  wool  and  manufactures  from  it,  iron  and  steel  and  the 
manufactures  from  them,  manufactures  of  silk,  manufactures  of  cotton, 
amounting  to  about  one  hundred  and  thirty-seven  and  a  half  millions. 
A  substantial  reduction  upon  each  of  the  class  of  articles  named  is 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OP  THE  TREASURY.     57 

recommended.  And  it  is  believed  that  the  time  has  arrived  when  a 
reduction  of  duties  on  nearly  all  the  articles  in  our  tariff  is  demanded 
and  is  feasible. 

In  addition  to  this,  a  careful  revision  of  the  tariff  should  be  made 
with  a  view  to  placing  upon  the  free  list  many  articles  now  paying  a 
duty. 

It  appears  that  the  largest  amount  derived  from  any  class  of  pro- 
ducts, under  the  customs  tariff,  is  that  from  sugar. 

Sugar  is  a  necessary  of  life  for  all  classes  in  this  country.  The 
average  duty  on  it  is  equal  to  two  and  a  half  cents  i)er  pound,  and 
to  nearly  fifty-three  and  a  half  per  cent,  ad  valorem.  The  amount 
of  cane-sugar  produced  in  this  country  is  estimated  at  eleven  per  cent, 
of  the  whole  quantity  consumed,  and  it  is  apparent  that  nearly  the 
whole  amount  of  revenue  from  this  source  is  paid  by  the  consumer,  the 
competition  by  home  production  not  being  sufficient  seriously  to  affect 
the  price.  The  progress  of  industry  in  the  jiroduction  of  sugar  from 
sorghum  and  the  beet  is  not  forgotten.  It  is  entitled  to  consideration. 
It  is  believed,  however,  that  a  substantial  reduction  of  the  duty  upon 
sugar  may  be  made  without  injustice  to  the  producers  of  it  in  this 
country. 

Upon  wool  and  iron  and  steel,  and  their  manufactures,  a  large  re- 
duction must  be  made  to  materially  lessen  the  revenues  derived  from 
them,  as  the  amount  of  imports  will  increase  as  the  duties  are  lessened. 

It  wUl  probably  be  found  that  in  general  the  reduction  can  chiefly 
be  made  on  the  raw  material  or  coarser  manufiictures,  rather  than 
those  upon  which  a  greater  amount  of  labor  has  been  bestowed.  The 
duties  on  manufactures  of  silk,  it  is  believed,  may  be  reduced  without 
injustice  to  manufacturers  in  this  country. 

The  cotton  tariff'  is  found  to  be  complex  and  inamsistent,  and  it  is 
no  doubt  true  that  in  most  of  the  coarser  classes  of  cotton  fabrics  our 
manufacturers  can  compete  with  the  world  without  protection. 

Wines  and  spirits,  which  afford  the  largest  amount  of  duty  next  to 
the  five  classes  enumerated,  being  articles  of  luxury,  may  well  bear 
any  rate  of  duty  deemed  necessary  for  the  revenue. 

Without  going  further  into  details,  the  Secretary  earnestly  recom 
mends  a  careful  revision  of  the  tariff,  with  a  view  to  substantial  re- 
ductions. 

The  accomplishment  of  this  is  recommended  to  the  present  Congress, 
which  has  been  fully  aware  of  the  approaching  financial  situation,  as 
it  is  now  presented,  and  has  fully  discussed  tho  subject  in  some  of  itvS 
bearings. 


58 


REPORT    OF   THE    SECRETARY    OF   THE    TREASURY. 


FOREIGN  COIVIMERCB. 

The  foreign  commerce  of  the  United  States  during  the  last  fiscal 

year,  iTicliuliug  imi)ort8  and  exports  of  merchandise  and  specie,  was 

as  follows : 

Exports  :  IMerchandise $750, 542, 257 

Specie 49, 417,  479 

799,  959,  73G 

Imports :  Merchandise $724, 639, 574 

Specie 42, 472, 390 

707,  111,  904 

Imports  and  exports  during  the  year  ended  June  30, 

1882 $1, 5G7, 071,  700 

Imports  and  exports  during  the  year  ended  June  30, 

1881 1,  G75,  024, 318 

Decrease $107, 952,  GIS 

The  excess  of  exports  of  merchandise  over  imports  thereof  was  less 
for  the  last  fiscal  year  than  for  any  of  the  previous  six  years.  This  is 
shown  as  follows : 


Year  ended  June  30— 

Excess  of  exj)orts 
over  imjwrts  of 
niercliandise. 

1876 

$79, 643, 481 

1377     

ir,l,  152,  094 
207,814,234 

1878 

1879 

264. 661, 666 

1880 

167,683,912 
259, 712, 718 

1881 

1882 

25, 902, 683 

The  decrease  in  exports  of  cattle,  provisions,  breadstuffs,  and  cotton 
during  the  last  fiscal  year,  as  compared  with  that  of  the  preceding 
fiscal  year,  is  as  follows  : 


Commodities. 


1831. 


1S32. 


Decrease. 


Cattle 

Indian  corn 

Wheat 

Wheat  tionr 
Cotton,  raw 
Beef,  fresh  - 

Bacon 

Butter 

Cheese 

Lard 


800, 227 
845, 830 
929,718 
375.  055 
812;  644 
768. 881 
124, 602 
864, 570 
058, 975 
975, 902 


$6  503, 876 

21,856,839 

54, 768, 767 

8,672,202 

47,  883, 102 

3, 091, 403 

11,492,:579 

3, 391, 454 

2,321,273 

6, 250,  673 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


59 


There  has  been  an  increase  in  the  principal  crops  of  the  country  in 
1882  over  those  of  1881.  Over  75  per  cent,  of  the  exports  of  domestic 
merchandise  is  in  products  of  agriculture.  It  is  reasonable  to  expect 
an  increase  in  the  exports  of  merchandise  and  an  increase  in  the  bal- 
ance of  trade  in  our  favor.  This  expectation  appears  also  to  be  justi- 
fied by  the  fact  that  the  exports  of  breadstuffs  for  the  first  four  months 
of  the  current  fiscal  year  at  the  principal  i)orts,  exceeded  such  exjwrts 
for  the  corresponding  months  of  the  preceding  fiscal  year  by  $4,570,084. 
The  exports  of  petroleum  for  the  fiscal  year  just  closed  exceeded  those 
for  the  preceding  fiscal  year  by  $10,917,097. 

niPORTS  OF  MERCHANDISE. 

The  imports  of  merchandise  for  the  last  fiscal  year  exceeded  those 
of  the  preceding  year  by  $81,974,946: 


Articles. 

1881. 

1582.               Increase. 

India-rubber  and  gutta-percha 

Breadstuli's 

$11,054,949 
10, 663, 675 

S;14,  264,  903 
m  7Q?.  9riQ 

$3,209,954 
8  131  594 

Cotton  mauufactures 

31,219  329         3i'3M'^H»o 

3, 131, 963 
6,146,914 
7  12*^  ,599 

Fruits 

12, 344, 929 

6,  218, 453 

874,223 

32,0.56,701 

93,404.288 

31, 156, 426 

18, 491, 843 
13,  311, 052 
4,  660, 120 
38, 985,  .567 
100,  469,  022 
37, 301, 520 

Steel  ingots 

Potatoes 

3  785  897 

Silk  mauufactures 

6,92.8,866 
7,064,734 
6, 205, 094 

Sugar  and  molasses. 

Wool  mauufactures ....... ...... ...... 

During  tlie  fiscal  year  ended  June  30, 1882,  the  exports  of  specie  were 
$40,417,479,  and  the  imports  $42,472,300— a  difference  of  $6,945,089. 
In  the  preceding  fiscal  year  there  was  an  excess  of  imports  over  ex- 
ports of  $91,168,050.  This  change  came,  probably,  from  the  falling 
ofi'  in  exports  of  merchandise  for  the  year. 

The  report  of  the  Bureau  of  Statistics  shows,  in  detail,  the  state  of 
the  foreign  commerce  of  the  United  States. 

COMMERCE  AND  NAVIGATION. 

The  tonnage  of  vessels  owned  in  the  United  States  at  the  close  of 
the  fiscal  year  1882,  by  the  records  of  the  Eegister  of  the  Treasury, 
was  4,165,933  tons.  Of  thi.s,  1,292,294  tons  were  in  2,185  vessels  regis- 
tered for  the  foreign  trade,  and  2,873,639  in  22,183  vessels  enrolled  and 
licensed  for  the  coasting  trade  and  fisheries.  There  was  a  decrease  of 
43,292  tons  in  vessels  in  the  foreign  trade,  and  an  increase  of  151,491 
tons  in  those  in  the  domestic  trade.  The  increase  in  the  tonnage  of 
this  class  of  vessels  lor  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1881,  was  but 
6,924  tons. 


60 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OP  THE  TREASURY. 


The  vessels  built  and  documented  as  vessels  of  the  United  States 
during  the  last  fiscal  year  is  shown  by  this  table : 


Kind  of  vessel. 

Nmnbor. 

Tons. 

Sailing-vessels 

666 

502 

68 

135 

118,798.50 

Steam-vessels ............ .................. 

121, 842.  m 

Canal-boats        ....   ........ . ...................... 

7, 882.  06 

Barges -- --  

33, 746.  51 

Total 

1,376 

282, 269. 73 

The  number  of  documented  vessels  of  all  classes  built  during  the 
past  fiscal  year  exceeds  that  of  the  fiscal  year  ended  in  1881  by  263. 
The  undocumented  vessels  built  during  the  past  year,  such  as  canal- 
boats  and  barges,  may  fairly  be  presumed  to  have  been  much  larger. 
The  total  tonnage  of  vessels  entered  from  foreign  countries  was 
15,630,541  tons  during  1881,  and  14,656,499  tons  during  the  year 
ended  June  30, 1882 — a  decrease  of  974,042  tons.  The  American  ton- 
nage entered  in  the  foreign  trad^e  was  increased  49,141  tons,  and  the 
foreign  tonnage  was  decreased  1,023,183  tons.  This  tonnage  is  com- 
puted from  the  number  of  entries  of  vessels,  and  not  on  the  number 
of  vessels,  and  is  limited  to  the  seaboard  i)orts. 

Of  the  merchandise  brought  in  at  seaboard,  lake,  and  river  ports 
during  the  fiscal  year  1882,  $130,266,826  were  imported  in  American 
vessels,  and  $571,517,802  in  foreign.  Of  the  exports  of  merchandise, 
$96,962,919  were  shipped  in  American,  and  $641,460,967  in  foreign  ves- 
sels. Of  the  combined  imports  and  exports  of  merchandise,  16  per 
cent,  only  was  conveyed  in  American  vessels. 

EXPORTS  AND  IMPORTS  AND  QUARANTINE   OF  NEAT-CATTLE. 

Legislation  on  these  subjects  has  two  objects :  First.  The  extinction 
and  prevention  in  the  United  States  of  the  disease  known  as  pleuro- 
pneu7no7iia,  or  lung  plague.  Second.  The  increase  of  our  commerce  in 
neat-cattle  with  other  nations,  especially  Great  Britain. 

The  disease  did  not  begin  in  this  country,  the  first  cases  having  been 
traced  to  foreign  origin.  It  is  found  on  the  Atlantic  coast  in  several 
places  from  New  York  to  Baltimore,  but  has  not  been  felt  in  Kew  England 
for  many  years.  It  is  a  contagious  disease,  of  malignant  type,  likely  to 
spread  through  herds,  and  from  herd  to  herd.  IMindful  that  the  number 
of  neat-cattle  in  the  United  States  in  1880  was  about  36,000,000,  which, 
at  $25  per  head,  would  be  valued  at  $900,000,000,  and  that  there  has 
probably  been  increase  rather  than  decrease,  it  is  seen  that  this  is  a 
matter  of  moment.    The  spread  of  the  disease  on  the  Atlantic  coast 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     61 

alone  would  make  serious  loss,  tliough  it  is  more  readily  controlled 
where  cattle  are  penned  or  housed.  The  starting  and  spread  of  it  iu 
the  great  open  cattle  ranches  of  the  West  would  be  calamitous.  Its 
contagious  character,  and  the  difficulty  of  treating  it  in  large  herds 
roaming  at  will,  make  it  formidable.  Should  it  get  a  firm  hold  there,  it 
would  badly  hinder  the  raising  and  sale  of  cattle,  which  is  a  means  of 
wealth  and  prosperity  to  many  of  our  people. 

To  prevent  it  being  brought  from  abroad,  the  Department,  in  July, 
1879,  established  regulations  subjecting  all  imported  cattle  to  a  quar- 
antine of  ninety  days.  As  there  was  no  appropriation  therefor  until 
the  last  session  of  Congress,  importers  were  obliged  to  quarantine  their 
cattle  at  their  own  expense;  and  astheDominionof  Canada,  under  like 
provisions  for  quarantining  imported  cattle,  made  liberal  provision  there- 
for, most  of  the  cattle  imported  into  the  United  States  were  brought 
from  abroad  first  into  Canadian  ports. 

Using  an  appropriation  of  the  last  session,  this  Department,  through 
the  Treasury  Cattle-Commission,  has  taken  active  measures  for  estab- 
lishing for  imported  cattle  quarantine  stations  and  shelter  at  Portland, 
(Me.j)  Boston,  New  York,  Philadelphia,  and  Baltimore.  The  design  is 
to  furnish  buildings  with  sufficient  laud,  so  arranged  that  the  cattle 
in  quarantine  may  be  isolated,  not  only  fi'om  cattle  already  in  the  coun- 
tiy,  but  each  importation  from  others,  and  be  kept  constantly  under  the 
nspectiou  of  Government  oflicers.  It  is  expected  that  these  arrange- 
ments will  be  completed  at  the  ports  named  within  a  few  weeks. 

Tlie  second  object  in  view  is  to  promote  the  trade  iu  neat-cattle  with 
foreign  nations,  especially  with  Great  Britain. 

The  number  of  live  cattle  exported,  chiefly  to  Great  Britain,  in  the 
year  ended  June  30,  1881,  was  185,707,  valued  at  $14,304,103.  For  the 
year  ended  June  30,  1882,  the  number  was  108,110,  a  decrease  of  77,597, 
and  in  value  of  $6,503,870.  The  decrease  was,  however,  no  greater  in 
proportion  than  that  generally  in  the  exi)ortation  of  articles  of  food. 

By  an  order  of  the  Privj'  Council  of  Great  Britain  of  February,  1879, 
all  cattle  imi)orted  from  the  United  States  must  bo  slaughtered  at  the 
]Jort  of  arrival  within  ten  daj^s.  This  order,  deemed  necessary  to  pre- 
vent infection,  will,  no  doubt,  be  rescinded,  whenever  the  United  States 
shall  adopt  measures  rendering  it  reasonably  certain  that  importations 
of  cattle  from  this  country  will  not  introduce  the  disease  from  which 
the  people  of  Great  Britain  have  heretofore  suifored  loss. 

This  order  causes  great  loss  on  cattle  exported  to  (rreat  Britain  from 
this  country,  as  only  animals  fit  for  beef  can  now  be  exported,  and  the 
shrinkage  in  them  on  immediate  slaughter,  after  the  waste  of  a  sea 
voyage,  without  recuxjeration,  is  estimated  at  not  less  than  ten  per  cent. 


62      REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 

There  is  a  great  demand  in  England  for  stock  cattle,  to  be  fed 
and  fattiMied  on  English  soil,  which  we  could  readily  supply,  were  it 
not  for  the  order  referred  to.  Under  a  recent  appropriation,  this  De- 
partment, through  the  Cattle  Commission,  is  arranging  with  the  various 
railroad  companies  for  the  transportation  of  cattle  from  the  Western 
States  to  the  seaboard  so  as  to  save  them  from  contagion  on  the  route. 
When  these  arrangements  are  ijerfected  and  found  ellicient,  we  may 
fairly  ask  of  Great  Britiau  that  the  order  for  immediate  slaughter  of 
American  cattle  imported  into  that  country  be  rescinded. 

The  rex)ort  of  the  Commission  speaks  in  detail  on  this  subject. 

REVENUE  MARINE. 

There  are  now  thirty-seven  vessels  in  the  Revenue-Marine  Service, 
thirty- two  of  which  are  steamers,  and  five  sail- vessels.  They  are  manned 
by  199  officers  and  774  men. 

This  was  their  regular  work  for  the  year  ended  June  30,  1882: 

Aggregate  number  of  miles  cruised 303, 562 

Number  of  vessels  boarded  and  examined 24,  008 

Kumber  of  vessels  seized  or  reported  to  the  proper  author- 
ities for  violations  of  law 1,  042 

Number  of  vessels  assisted  when  wrecked  or  in  distress  . . .  147 

Number  of  persons  rescued  from  drowning Ill 

Estimated  value  of  imperilled  vessels  and  cargoes  assisted .  $2, 254,  71G 

Besides  the  regular  duty,  the  service  has  done  special  work. 

In  May  last,  at  the  request  of  the  Navy  Del>artment,  the  Corwin,  of 
the  Eevenue  Service,  was  sent  to  St.  Lawrence  Bay,  Siberia,  to  bring 
away  the  officers  and  crew  of  the  naval  relief  and  exploring  steamer, 
Bodgers,  burned  at  that  place.  The  Corwin  made  a  second  cruise  to 
our  most  northern  waters,  to  i^rotect  the  seal-fisheries  and  other  Gov- 
ernment interests  in  Alaska.  She  ascertained  the  fate  of  Master  Put- 
nam, of  the  U.  S.  Navy,  who  was  carried  to  sea  upon  an  ice  floe  and 
perished.  She  cruised  two  hundred  miles  to  the  eastward  of  the  signal 
station,  at  Point  Barrow,  finding  no  open  violations  of  law.  Coming 
back  by  the  Aleutian  Islands  and  Sitka,  her  commander.  Lieutenant 
Healy,  in  November,  quelled  an  outbreak  of  the  Indians  upon  the  main- 
land north  of  the  latter  place. 

The  revenue-steamer  McLane,  at  Galveston,  Tex.,  co-operated  with 
the  Marine-Hospital  Service  in  confining  and  alleviating  the  yellow-fever 
epidemic,  carrying  physicians,  nurses,  medicines,  and  supplies. 

The  revenue-cutters  have  also  co-operated  with  the  Life-Saving  Ser- 
vice and  the  Light-House  Establishment. 

The  expense  of  maintaining  the  Eevenue  Marine  for  the  fiscal  yeax 
ended  30th  of  June  last  was  $846,423.34. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.      63 

The  new  vessel  for  duty  on  the  southern  coast,  authorized  by  Con- 
gress in  1880,  has  been  completed  and  placed  on  duty,  and  named 
"Walter  Forward,"  The  appropriation  of  $75,000,  made  at  the  huit 
session,  has,  under  the  authority  of  the  law,  been  applied  to  the  re- 
building of  the  revenue-steamer  "Commodore  Perry." 

The  recommendation  made  last  year,  of  a  new  vessel  for  the  south- 
ern coast,  to  replace  one  worn-out  and  not  adapted  for  the  service,  is 
renewed.  The  amount  of  .$75,000,  necessary  for  this  purpose,  has  been 
included  in  the  estimates. 

The  recommendation  of  the  last  annual  report  and  of  those  of  several 
of  my  predecessors  in  office,  that  Congress  provide  for  the  establishment 
a  retired  list  and  the  extension  of  the  i)ension  laws  to  the  Eevenue 
Marine,  is  renewed. 

LIFE-SAVING  SERVICE. 

The  operations  of  this  useful  service  have  been  continued  with  success. 
There  were  at  tlic  close  of  the  fiscal  year  190  stations  in  commission. 
The  whole  number  of  disasters  to  documented  vessels,  reported  by  the 
district  officers  to  have  occurred  within  the  field  of  station  operations, 
is  286.  The  number  of  persons  on  board  of  these  vessels  was  2,208. 
Of  this  nimiber,  2,256  Avere  saved,  and  12  only  lost.  There  were 
succored  at  the  stations  450  shipwrecked  persons,  1,344  days'  relief  in 
the  aggi-egate  being  afforded  them.  The  estimated  value  of  property 
involved  in  these  disasters  was  $4,757,802,  of  which  $3,099,537  was 
saved  and  $1,058,355  lost.    The  number  of  vessels  totally  lost  was  67. 

There  have  also  been  fifty-six  instances  of  disaster  to  smaller  craft, 
as  sail-boats,  row-boats,  &c.,  on  which  were  120  persons,  all  of  whom 
•were  saved.  The  property  involved  in  these  disasters  was  $7,850,  of 
which  $6,450  was  saved  and  $1,400  lost.    The  aggregate  is  this: 

Total  number  of  disasters 342 

Total  value  of  property  involved $4,  765,  742 

Total  value  of  property  saved $3, 105, 987 

Total  value  of  property  lost §1,  059,  755 

Total  number  of  persons  on  board 2, 394 

Total  number  of  persons  saved 2, 382 

Total  number  of  persons  lost 12 

Total  number  of  shipwrecked  persons  succored  at  stations.  450 

Total  number  of  days'  succor  aiibrded ;  1, 3.>4 

Total  number  of  vessels  lost 67 

Besides  the  persons  saved  from  vessels,  there  were  twenty-nine 
rescued  who  had  fallen  from  i)iers,  wharves,  &c.,  and  who,  without  the 
aid  of  the  life-saving  crews,  would  probably  have  been  drowned.  The 
twelve  persons  lost  during  the  year  are  shown,  by  tlie  investigation 
held  ui)on  each  case,  to  have  been  beyond  human  aid.    The  loss  of  life  is 


64      REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 

smaller  than  tliat  of  any  preceding  year,  with  one  exception,  although 
there  were  forty-two  more  disasters  than  in  any  year  before  since  the 
organization  of  the  service.  When  the  number  of  disasters  is  consid- 
ered, and  it  is  remembered  that  the  life-saving  stations  are  located,  by 
selection,  at  the  most  fatal  points  of  our  dangerous  coast,  the  small  loss 
of  life  and  property  is  remarkable,  and  speaks  well  for  the  efficiency  of 
the  service.  It  is  claimed  that  the  loss  of  life  from  marine  disaster, 
upon  our  coasts,  since  the  general  extension  of  the  service  thereon,  in 
1876,  has  been  reduced  nearly  75  per  cent;  that  while  in  1876,  and 
before  that,  one  person  out  of  twenty-nine  on  board  wrecked  vessels 
was  lost,  there  has  been  a  constant  decrease,  until  the  loss  is  but  one 
out  of  every  one  hundred  and  thirteen ;  and  this  result  is  almost  entirely 
attributable  to  the  Life-Saving  Service. 

The  service  has  never  been  in  so  good  condition  as  at  present.  The 
legislation  of  the  last  session  of  Congress  has  supplied  its  main  wants, 
and  established  the  conditions  for  high  utility,  in  its  prime  object  of 
saving  life  and  its  secondary  ones  of  protecting  commerce  and  aiding 
the  collection  of  the  revenue.  This  legislation  has  already  had  a 
marked  effect  upon  the  status  of  the  establishment,  and  particularly 
upon  its  morale.  The  provision  for  the  ampler  pay  of  the  employes, 
and  for  aid  to  those  among  them  who  may  be  disabled  in  the  line 
of  duty,  or,  in  case  of  fatality,  to  their  ^vidows  and  orjihans,  makes 
them  feel  that  their  services  are  appreciated,  and  insures  cheerful  zeal 
and  fidelity  in  doing  duty.  It  enables  the  Department  to  obtain,  in 
instances,  better  men  than  before.  The  crews  are  now  of  good  capacity 
and  character.  It  is  a  rule,  in  forming  the  crews,  that  regard  be  had  for 
qualification,  to  the  exclusion  of  i)olitical  or  other  considerations. 
Faithful  adherence  to  this  rule  is  a  condition  of  the  success  of  this 
service. 

Owing  to  the  late  date  at  which  the  appropriations  passed  Congress, 
not  much  has  been  done  in  establishing  the  new  stations  authorized  by 
the  act  referred  to.  One  has  been  built  at  Peaked  Hill  Bar,  Cape  Cod ; 
and  one  at  Muskeget  Island,  on  the  coast  of  Massachusetts,  is  nearing 
completion.  Three  are  in  process  of  construction  on  the  coast  of  North 
Carolina.  Sites  have  been  selected  for  others,  and  in  some  instances 
the  titles  secured. 

THE  LIGHT-HOUSE  ESTABLISHMENT. 

During  the  fiscal  year  the  Light- House  Establishment  has  put  into 
operation  eighteen  new  light-stations,  eighty  new  river  lights,  five  new 
fog-signals  operated  by  steam  or  liot  air,  three  new  automatic  whistling- 
buoys,  one  new  bell-buoy,  and  ninety-three  new  buoys  of  th€  ordinary 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     G5 

kind.  It  has  discontinued  two  lifclits  which  are  now  no  longer  needed, 
and  has  changed  the  characteristics  of  ten  others,  that  they  may  be 
more  useful  than  heretofore. 

The  new  light-house  on  Stannard's  Eock,  Lake  Superior,  was  lighted 
on  the  4th  of  July.  This  work,  which  was  specially  difficult,  is  fully 
described  in  the  Api^endix  to  the  Annual  Eeport  of  the  Light-House 
Board. 

The  board  refrained  from  making  recommendation  as  to  lighted 
buoys  until  the  results  of  the  experiments  made  in  foreign  waters  were 
ascertained.  These  buoys  have  now  proved  to  be  such  valuable  and 
comparatively  inexpensive  aids  to  navigation  that  they  have  l)een 
adopted  into  several  of  the  light-house  systems  of  Europe.  The  board 
has  recently  had  occasion  to  place  a  lighted  buoy  to  mark  a  wreck  in 
one  of  the  channels  leading  into  the  port  of  ZS'ew  York,  which  could  be 
successfully  marked  in  no  other  manner. 

The  work  of  changing  the  burners  of  the  lights  in  the  several  light- 
house districtSL,  so  as  to  substitute  mineral  oil  for  lard  oil  as  an  illumi- 
nant,  is  now  so  far  completed  that  on  the  1st  of  January  next  mineral 
oil  will  be  used  in  all  except  the  light-houses  of  the  tii'st  order. 

The  appropriation  made  for  erecting  electric  lights  at  Hell  Gate  will 
enable  the  board  to  transfer  its  experiments  with  the  electric  light  from 
the  laboratory  to  a  light-house,  where  it  can  have  a  working  test. 

Attention  is  called  to  the  board's  annual  report  for  further  details 
•with  regard  to  the  Light-House  Service. 

COAST  AND  GEODETIC  SURVEY. 

The  operations  of  the  Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey,  both  in  the  field 
and  in  the  office,  have  been  steadily  advanced. 

Topographic  and  hydrographic  surveys  have  been  carried  on  on  the 
Atlantic,  Gulf,  and  Pacific  coasts.  Aid  has  been  given  to  the  State 
surveys  in  progress  in  nine  interior  States. 

Data  and  material  have  been  accumulated  for  additional  volumes  of 
the  Atlantic  Coast  Pilot,  and  for  new  editions  of  the  Coast  Pilots  of 
California,  Oregon,  Washington  Territory,  and  of  Alaska.  Xew  charts 
and  new  editions  of  old  charts  have  been  published.  The  annual  pub- 
lication of  tide-tables  has  been  continued. 

In  the  estimates  for  the  prosecution  of  the  survey  is  an  item  for  the 
construction  of  a  steam-vessel  specially  adai)ted  to  the  survey  of  the 
coasts  and  navigable  passages  of  the  Territory  of  Alaska.  The  grow- 
ing importance  of  that  country  and  the  needs  of  its  commerce  and 
navigation  recommend  this  proposition  to  the  favorable  action  of  Con- 
gress. 

5  Ab 


66      REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 
THE  MARINE-HOSPITAL  SERVICE. 

During  the  year  36,184  patients  received  333,475  days  relief  in  hos- 
pital. Transportation  to  their  own  homes  was  furnished  to  seven  in- 
curable patients.  Fifteen  seamen  have  been  furnished  treatment  at 
the  Government  Hospital  for  the  Insane;  306  seamen  were  examined 
physically  as  preliminary  to  shipping;  2,090  pilots  were  examined  for 
color-blindness;  and  3,278  seamen  were  vaccinated,  because  of  the 
prevalence  of  small-pox.  The  receipts  were  $408,215.69,  and  the  gross 
expenditures  $468,120.16.  These  expenditures  include  $54,192.20, 
on  account  of  extraordinary  alterations  and  repairs  to  hospital  build- 
ings. Less  this  amount,  $413,928.14  was  the  net  expense  of  the  ser- 
vice. On  July  1,  there  was  an  unexpended  balance  of  $177,869.85, 
$50,000  of  which  will  be  required  for  additional  repairs  then  under 
contract,  and  $15,000  more  for  contemplated  alterations.  Tlie  hospitals 
generally  are  in  good  condition.  The  recommendation  heretofore  made 
for  the  establishment  of  a  "  snug  harbor"  for  those  sailors  and  boatmen 
l^ermaueutly  disabled,  and  that  for  the  physical  examination  of  all  sea- 
men before  shipiDing  are  renewed.  Of  the  2,000  pilots  examined  for  color- 
blindness,  sixty-three  were  rejected  as  being  color-blind,  while  of  the  re- 
maining 306,  twenty-four  were  rejected  for  various  disabilities.  There 
is  now  no  complaint  against  the  examination  for  color-blindness,  and  it 
is  believed  that  the  Department  would  have  no  difficulty  in  carrying  out"^ 
the  law  for  the  general  physical  examination  of  all  seamen.  One  hun- 
dred and  fifty-four  deaths  are  reported  of  passengers  on  voyages  from 
foreign  ports  to  this  country.  Keport  thereof  is  the  beginning  of 
statistics  on  the  hygiene  of  merchant  vessels,  to  meet  the  intention  of 
Congress  in  providing  for  the  inspection  of  those  vessels,  to  show 
the  relative  mortality  in  classes  of  them.  To  complete  them,  the  re- 
ports should  be  kept  up  for  years. 

An  epidemic  of  small-pox  broke  out  on  the  Upper  Missouri  river, 
where  there  was  no  local  sanitary  law,  and  the  Department,  being 
called  upon,  made  use  of  the  customs  force  to  suppress  the  disease. 

In  my  judgment,  the  hospital-tax  should  not  be  reduced  until  seamen 
request  it,  or  until  Congress  shall  make  annual  appropriations  for  the 
support  of  the  service.  When  the  tax  was  but  20  cents  per  month,  the 
Department  was  obliged  to  deny  relief  to  many  suffering  seamen ;  now 
relief  is  denied  to  few,  if  any,  who  are  entitled  to  receive  it.  The  en- 
tire number  of  applicants  rejected  the  last  year  was  979.  These 
were  mostly  in  the  larger  cities,  and  were  generally  longshoremen 
and  fishermen,  in  many  cases  persons  who  were  not  sailors.  The 
number  of  persons  rejected  who  had  ever  been  sailors  was  small.    The 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


67 


service  meets  the  necessities  of  tliose  who  are  its  leg^itimate  benefici- 
aries, and  the  tax  was  originally  increased  from  20  cents  to  40  cents  at 
the  request  of  those  who  are  eligible  to  become  such. 


STEAMBOAT-INSPECTION  SERVICE. 


This  table  shows  steam-vessels  inspected,  their  tonnage,  and  the 
officers  licensed  in  the  several  divisions  of  navigation,  during  the  fiscal 
year  ended  June  30,  1882 : 


Divisions. 


Steamers. 


Tonnage. 


Officers 
licensed. 


Pacific  coast. -- 
Atlantic  coast  . 
"Westoru  rivers  . 
Kortliern  lakes 
Gulf  coast 


320 
2, 332 

944 
1,175 

356 


121,403.91 

587, 349.  .37 

197,729.60 

293,709.64 

73, 282. 11 


1,253 
8,276 
4,805 
4,199 
1,929 


Total. 


5,117     1,278,564.63 


20,467 


It  is  an  increase  over  the  preceding  year — 

In  number  of  vessels 338 

In  tonnage 74, 561.  53 

In  number  of  officers 2,  GG9 


Keceipts  were — 

From  steam- vessels $177, 841  30 

From  licenses 102, 048  00 


Total 279, 889  30 


The  expenses  were — 

Salaries  of  inspectors  and  clerks $189,  744  17 

Travelling  and  miscellaneous  expenses 37, 871  40 


Total 227,  015  63 


Unexpended 852, 273  07 


Increase  in  receipts  from  inspection  of  steam-vessels  over 

1881 $10,212  09 

Decrease  in  receipts  from  officers'  licenses 37, 877  00 

Net  decrease  for  the  year 27,  0(;4  91 


The  decrease  in  receipts  from  licensed  officers  is  because  of  the 
amendment  of  1882  (April  5)  to  section  4458,  Revised  SUitutes.  It 
reduced  the  license  fees  from  $10  and  $5,  according  to  grade,  to  fifty 


C8      REPORT  OF  TTTE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 

CCJits  ill  all  cases.  It  is  likely  that  this  amcnclment  will  bring  the 
yearly  receipts  below  the  exp.siiditures.  There  is,  however,  an  aceumu- 
lation  ol"  I'luids  to  the  credit  of  this  service  of  near  three-quarters  of  a 
million  dollars.  This  will  for  some  years  meet  any  deficiency.  Before 
it  is  wholly  used  the  service  may  become  self-sustaining?  by  the  in- 
crease in  the  number  of  vesssels  to  be  inspected  and  the  fees  collected 
therefrom.  The  fees  have ,  increased  for  several  years  about  $G,000 
yearly. 

The  number  of  accidents  to  steam- vessels  during  the  year  resulting 
in  loss  of  life  was  41;  from —  . 

Explosion 15 

Fire 7 

Collision 10 

Snags,  wi-ecks,  and  sinking 3 

The  number  of  lives  lost  by  accidents  from  various  causes  during 
the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30, 1882,  was  205;  from— 

Explosion 53 

Fire GO 

Collision 34 

Snags,  wrecks,  and  sinking 6 

Miscellaneous  casualties G 

Accidental  drowning • 46 

A  decrease  from  last  year  of  sixty-three.  Of  the  lives  lost,  fifty-six 
are  reported  as  those  of  passengers.  The  rest  were  employes  of  the 
vessels,  many  losing  their  lives  through  carelessness,  begot  by  famili- 
arity with  dangerous  duties.  It  is  estimated  that  there  were  carried 
during  the  year  354,000,000  passengers. 

nOIIGRATION. 

The  execution  of  the  act  to  regulate  immigration  approved  August  3, 
1882,  has  disclosed  certain  defects  in  the  statute  which  seem  to  require 
legislative  remedy. 

While  the  act  gives  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  supervision  of  the 
business  of  immigration  to  this  country,  it  enables  him  to  exercise  this 
supervision  only  through  commissioners  appointed  by  the  Governors  of 
States  in  which  lie  the  ports  at  which  immigrants  laud.  He  is  fiu'ther 
to  supervise  the  business  only  under  the  stipulations  of  contracts  en- 
tered into  with  such  commissioners.  Most  of  the  collectors  of  customs 
ha\'e  informed  the  Department  that  the  amount  of  immigration  at  their 
respective  ports  is  not  such  as  to  warrant  the  appointment  of  commis- 
sioners. At  two  of  the  ports  at  which  immigrants  needing  relief 
are  likely  to  arrive,  namely,  Baltimore  and  New  Orleans,  no  commis- 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.      Gd 

sioners  have  been  api)ointed  by  State  authority,  and  hence  tlie  ]a\Y  is 
there  inoperative.  At  the  ports  of  Is  ew  York,  Phihidelphia,  and  ]jOston 
commissioners  have  been  appointed,  and  the  statute  is  in  operation 
more  or  less  successfully. 

In  collecting  the  tax  of  fifty  cents  levied  by  the  act  on  every 
alien  passenger,  not  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  arriving  by  a  sail  or 
steam-vessel  from  a  foreign  port,  it  is  found  that  many  of  the  pas- 
sengers are  tourists,  many  intending  a  temporary  sojourn  in  this 
country-,  and  many  are  minors.  Under  the  construction  put  by  this 
Department  on  this  provision  of  the  statute,  it  has  restricted  the  col- 
lection of  this  tax  to  alien  passengers  seeking  a  permanent  residence  in 
this  country,  including  in  that  class  minors  contemplating  a  lasting  home 
here.  Under  this  rule  the  sum  collected  at  most  of  the  ports  has  ex- 
ceeded the  demands  for  immigrant  relief.  At  Xew  York  it  has  steadily 
fallen  behind  these  demands  in  an  amount  between  four  and  five  thou- 
sand dollars  per  month.  If  the  relief  of  immigrants  is  to  be  secured, 
some  provision  is  needed  for  a  deficit  of  this  character,  inasmuch 
as  the  particular  sums  collected  can  be  expended  only  at  the  ports 
where  the  immigrants  arrive;  and  the  disiDosition  of  the  excess  at  some 
l)orts  should  also  be  provided  for. 

It  is  respectfully  suggested  that  the  law  is  peculiarly  framed,  in  this: 
that  while  its  execution  is  charged  upon  this  IJe])artnient,  yet  this 
Department  must  act  through  subordinates  doing  the  practical  work. 
They  are  to  be  appointed  by  State  authority,  and  that  authority  may 
fail  to  appoint,  and  they  may  or  may  not  be  paid  a  proper  renumera- 
tion  if  appointed;  and  the  rules  and  regulations  which  this  Department 
by  direction  of  the  statute  is  to  establish  are  Virtually  restricted  by  the 
terms  of  the  contracts  into  which  it  may  be  able  to  enter  with  the  State 
boards  or  commissioners.  The  law  is,  therefore,  in  its  essential  features 
one  of  uncertain  operation.  The  thorough  execution  of  it  needs  the 
existence  of  an  administrative  bureau,  with  its  proper  body  of  ofticials. 
But  there  is  no  provision  in  the  act  for  such  bureau,  no  provision  for 
administrative  ofQcers  other  than  as  above  stated,  and  no  provision 
for  the  direct  control  of  the  business  by  this  Department. 

Under  the  provisions  of  section  4  of  the  act,  it  is  provided  that  all 
foreign  convicts,  except  those  convicted  of  political  oftences,  shall,  upon 
arrival,  be  sent  back  to  the  nations  where  they  belong  and  whence 
they  came.  This  provision  may  give  rise  to  complications  with  foreign 
countries  growing  out  of  demands  for  the  return  of  convicts.  First: 
if  the  treaty  stipulations  with  a  foreign  country  require  the  direct  ret  urn 
of  a  convict  belonging  to  that  country  to  its  accredited  agents,  this  law 


70      REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 

might  conflict  with  tlio  treaty  in  requiring  a  return  of  the  convict 
by  the  master  of  the  vessel  in  wliich  the  convict  was  a  passenger,  in- 
stead of  a  dehvery  of  the  convict  to  the  agents  of  his  country.  Sec- 
ondly :  the  law  is  itself  ambiguous  in  its  directions,  as  the  country  to 
which  the  convict  belongs  may  not  be  that  whence  he  came.  The  De- 
partment has  endeavored  to  remove  this  difficulty  by  adopting  in  its 
regulations  promulgated  on  the  7th  of  August  last  the  provisions  for 
the  return  of  convicts  embodied  in  section  5  of  the  "  Act  supj^lement- 
ary  to  the  acts  in  relation  to  immigration,"  approved  March  3,  1875. 
But  the  recent  statute  should  be  so  amended  as,  on  its  face,  to  be  free 
from  ambiguity. 

NATIONAL  BOARD  OF  HEALTH. 

The  report  of  the  National  Board  of  Health  for  the  fiscal  year  ended 
June  30,  1882,  shows  an  expenditure  of  $98,523.07. 

This  expenditure  has  been  made  chiefly  in  aid  of  State  and  local 
boards  of  health  and  of  local  quarantine  stations,  in  preventing  the 
coming  in  of  yellow  fever  and  small-pox  from  foreign  ports  and  the 
spread  of  them  by  river  and  railroad. 

The  act  of  June  2, 1879,  under  which  some  of  the  operations  of  the 
board  are  conducted,  will  expire  by  limitation  on  the  2d  of  June,  1883. 
If  it  be  deemed  advisable  to  continue  the  work  on  which  the  board  is 
engaged,  additional  legislation  will  be  necessary,  and  appropriations, 
based  upou  the  past  experiences  of  the  board,  amounting  to  $150,000, 
will  be  required,  and  $100,000  for  use  in  case  of  epidemics. 

The  details  of  the  work  of  the  board,  the  results  achieved,  and  the 
appropriations  required  for  its  continuance  are  shown  in  the  annual 
report  of  the  board,  which  is  transmitted. 

APPEOPRLATION  FOR  PREVENTING    THE    SPREAD   OF    EPIDE^nC  DIS- 
EASES. 

One  hundred  thousand  dollars  were  appropriated  by  Congress  at  its 
last  session,  to  be  used,  in  the  discretion  of  the  President,  Ibr  prevent- 
ing the  spread  of  epidemic  diseases.  The  expenditure  was  by  him 
committed  to  this  Department,  because  it  had  ready  the  services  of 
trained  members  of  the  Marine-Hospital  Service,  of  the  Bevenue-ZMa- 
rine  Service,  and  the  Customs  Service. 

The  Governor  of  Texas  applied  for  aid  in  checking  the  spread  of  yel- 
low fever  in  that  State.  The  Surgeon-General  of  the  Marine-Hospital 
Service  was  charged  with  the  duty  of  rendering  it.  The  trust  was  ful- 
filled with  judgment  and  zeal,  and  the  spread  of  the  fever  checked. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     71 

The  system  of  cordons  formed  by  him  and  his  official  coadjutors  was 
well  conceived  and  useful.  The  result  of  their  operations  shows  that 
the  management  of  such  matters  may  well  be  confided  to  them. 

ALASKA. 

Early  attention  should  be  given  to  the  establishment  of  civil  gov- 
ernment for  Alaska  Territory.  The  importance  of  that  land  is  not,  I 
fear,  full}'  recognized.  It  is  rich  in  timber  and  in  the  supplies  which 
the  ocean  gives ;  and  with  the  present  rapid  cutting  down  of  the  forest 
on  lands  nearer  market,  and  the  ruthlessly  wasteful  modes  of  taking 
fish  on  coasts  and  in  rivers  nearer  at  hand,  it  will  too  soon  become  the 
resource  of  the  country  for  those  products  of  nature.  31oreover,  the 
extent  and  richness  of  useful  mineral  deposit  and  of  precious  metals 
there  are  not  yet  fully  known,  though  the  indications  are  that  they  are 
great.  AVere  civil  government  established,  immigration  and  perma- 
nent settlement  would  be  encouraged  and  the  way  made  ready  for  the 
profitable  use  of  the  natural  advantages  which  tliat  region  prollers. 
There  is  no  lawful  authority  in  that  Territory  to  dispense  justice  and  act 
upon  conflicting  claims,  unless  that  assumed  by  customs  officers  may  be 
called  such.  There  should  be  there,  as  elsewhere,  the  ready  protection 
of  law,  administered  by  officers  and  in  ways,  themselves  lawful;  and 
then  material  and  social  development  woulil  go  forward.  The  Treasury 
Department  should  not  be  charged  with  the  responsibility  of  administer- 
ing the  affairs  of  that  Territory,  except  in  so  far  as  they  come  within 
its  legitimate  functions ;  dertainly  not  without  some  well-defined  rule 
of  action. 

The  Alaska  Commercial  Company  has  taken  during  the  past  year 
nearly  the  maximum  number  of  seal-skins  permitted  uiuler  its  lease, 
l)aid  the  tax  due  thereon,  as  well  as  the  rent  of  the  islands,  and  other- 
wise performed  its  duties  under  its  lease. 

DISTINCTIVE  PAPER. 

There  have  been  received  and  duly  accounted  for  since  the  last  re- 
port 10,371,950  sheets  of  silk-threaded  distinctive-libre  {tajH-r  for  the 
printing  of  United  States  notes,  national-bank  notes,  gold  and  silver 
certificates,  registered  bonds,  checks,  and  other  obligations  of  the 
Government.  The  use  of  this  paper  continues  to  give  satisfaction, 
and  it  is  believed  furnishes  an  important  defence  against  attempts  at 
counterfeiting. 

During  the  same  period  there  have  been  received  19,748,000  sheets 
of  the  distinctive  paper  adopted  for  the  printing  of  internal-revenue 
and  customs  stamj^s. 


72      RKPOKT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 
COUNT,  EXAMINATION,  AND  DESTRUCTION  OF  REDEEMED  SECURITIES. 

The  United  States  legal-tender  notes,  national  currency  and 
miscellaneous  securities,  received  by  this  office  during  the  fiscal  year 
ended  June  30,  1882,  for  final  count  and  destruction,  amounted  to 
$  l()9,GG5,573.75i,  and  United  States  legal  tender  notes,  national  currency. 
United  States  bonds,  and  other  obligations  mutilated  in  process  of 
printing,  and  unissued  notes,  received  for  destruction,  amounted  to 
$40,841,104,  making  an  aggregate  of  securities  counted,  cancelled, 
and  destroyed,  of  whicli  details  will  be  found  in  the  tables  accompany- 
ing this  report,  of  $210,50G,737.75J. 

BUREAU  OF  ENGRAVING  AND  PRINTING. 

The  work  of  this  bureau  steadily  increases.  The  aggregate  deliv- 
eries for  the  year  are  over  twenty  per  cent,  greater,  the  expenditures 
for  it  less  than  twelve  per  cent,  greater,  and  the  force  of  employ 6s  about 
ten  per  cent,  greater  than  the  year  before.  All  the  engraving,  plate- 
printing,  and  work  incidental  thereto  required  by  the  Treasury  De- 
partment is  now  done  in  this  bureau  under  the  direct  supervision  of 
the  officers  of  the  Government. 

The  matter  of  the  use  of  steam-power  presses  for  printing  was  on 
July  10, 1882,  referred  to  a  special  committee,  who  still  have  it  in  charge. 
Owing  to  a  pressure  of  work  on  the  three  per  cent.  l)onds  and  on  the 
new  form  of  circulating  notes  for  national  banks  which  availed  them- 
selves of  the  act  of  August  12,  1882,  the  labors  of  the  committee  were 
necessarily  broken  in  upon,  and  they  have  not  yet  finished  the  task 
set  them  to  do. 

PUBLIC  BUILDINGS. 

Congress  at  its  last  session  authorized  the  erection  of  thirty-seven 
new  buildings  for  public  use,  including  four  marine  hospitals  ;  the  pur- 
chase of  one  hospital-building ;  the  extension  and  remodelling  of  the 
custom-house  at  Buffalo,  and  that  of  the  court-house  and  post-office  at 
Des  Moines,  Iowa.  This  contemplated  an  aggregate  final  cost  of 
$0,293,000 ;  of  whicli  $3,258,000  were  at  once  appropriated.  Sites  have 
been  selected  for  nine  of  these  buildings,  and  a  site  for  the  building  at 
Jackson,  Miss.,  for  which  appropriation  was  made  at  the  previous  ses- 
sion. Steps  have  been  taken  for  the  selection  of  others,  where  juris- 
diction over  the  land  has  been  ceded  by  respective  States.  Where 
this  has  not  been  done  the  Department  awaits  the  action  of  Legisla- 
tures. 


■   REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.      73 

I  call  attention  to  a  recommendation  in  the  report  of  the  Supervising 
Architect,  that  the  authority  for  purchasing  land  at  Pensacola  be  not 
limited  to  the  extension  of  that  now  owned  by  the  United  States,  and 
that  the  Government  may  acquire  a  new  site,  if  found  advisable. 

Of  the  buildings  in  jnogress  under  former  authorizations,  five  have 
been  finished  during  the  year,  and  on  twenty  work  is  in  progress. 

There  has  been  exi^ended  during  the  year  on  the  public  buihliugs 
under  control  of  the  Department,  $2,34:9,2-A9.G5  for  construction, 
$1G0,G18.03  for  repairs,  and  8137,137.00  for  heatiug  apparatus,  ele- 
vators, vaultSj  safes,  and  locks. 

DISTRICT   OF  COLUMBIA. 

The  net  expenditures  on  account  of  the  District  of  Columbia  for  the 
fiscal  year  1882  were  63,330,543.87.  The  revenues  deposited  in  the 
Treasury  for  the  same  period  were  $1,715,170.41. 

Since  December  1,  1881,  the  bonded  indebtedness  was  reduced  by 
operation  of  the  sinking-fund  $250,350,  and  the  annual  interest  charge 
upon  the  District  debt  was  reduced  $13,795.05.  Since  the  office  of  the 
commissioners  of  the  sinking-fund  of  the  District  of  Columbia  was  abol- 
ished and  their  duties  and  powers  were  transferred  to  the  Treasurer  of 
the  United  States  by  the  act  of  Congress  of  June  11,  1878,  the  funded 
debt  has  been  reduced  in  the  principal  sum  $1,189,250,  and  the  annual 
interest  charge  thereon  has  been  reduced  $09,587.07. 

The  several  re])orts  of  the  heads  of  offices  and  bureaus  are  herewith 
respectfully  transmitted. 

The  Department  is  pleased  to  report  that  as  yet  there  is  no  deficiency 
in  the  ajipropriations  placed  by  Congress  at  its  disposal. 

CHAS.  J.  FOLGER, 

Secretary. 

To  the  Honorable 

The  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives. 


74      REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OP  THE  TREASURY. 


TABLES  ACCOMPANYING  THE  REPORT. 

TABLi:  A.— STATEMENT  0/  the  NET  ItECEfPTS  (by  warmnts)  during  the  fiscal 

year  ended  June  30,  1882. 

CUSTOMS. 

Suartrr  omlod  Sept«ml}er  30. 1881 $.",9,184,409  15 
uiiiUu' niil.'d  ])(wenil)er31, 18«1 49,049,54.'!  98 

tiuarter  (■ndcil  :M:inli  ;!l,  1882 .'■)8,  585, 485  :i:j 

Quaitoremlcd  Juiio30, 1882 53,591,231  79 

$220, 410,  730  25 

SALES  OF  PUBLIC  LANDS. 

Quarter  ondca  September  30, 1881 948,303  19 

Quarter  eiKk^l  Decfiiiber  31, 1881 1,  Lot,  120  39 

Quarter  wkUmI  ilarcli  31,  1882 1,241,287  44  , 

Quarter  ended  Juno  30,  1882 1,409,304  35 

4, 753, 140  37 

INTEKNAL  EEVENUE. 

Quarter  ended  September  30, 1881 .37,575,502  22 

Quarterended  l)eceml)er 31, 1881 37,884,202  83 

Quarter  ended  :March  31,  1882 30,362,131  93 

Quarter  ended  Juno  30, 1882 40,075,098  47 

146, 497,  595  45 

•  TAX  ON  .CIRCULATION,  DEPOSITS,  ETC.,  OF  NATIONAL  BANKS. 

.Quarter  eurled  September  30,  1881 4,307,988  80 

Quarterended  December  31, 1881 12,610  82 

Quarterended  March  31,  1882 4,563,707  87 

Quarter  ended  June  30, 1882 72,486  90 

8,  956, 794  45 

EEPATMENT  OF  INTEREST  BY  PACIFIC  RAILROAD  COMPANIES. 

Quarterended  September  30, 1881 59,999  49 

Quaitcr  ended  December  31, 1881 221,700  50 

Quarter  ended  March  31, 1882 225,578  03 

Quarter  ended  June  30,  1882 333,216  35 

840,  554  37 

CUSTOMS  FEES,  FINES,  PENALTIES,  AND  FORFEITURES. 

Quarter  ended  September  30, 1881 329,322  89 

Quarter  ended  December  31,  1881 301,200  89 

Quarter  eiidud  March  31,  1882 351,505  65 

Quartoreudcd  Juuo30, 1882 301,312  57 

1,  343,  348  00 

FEES,  CONSULAR,  LETTERS  PATENT,  AND  LAND. 

Quarter  ended  September  30, 1881 039,180  08 

Quarter  ended  December  31, 1881 5S7,  405  92 

Quarter  ended  March  31, 1882 657,863  93 

Quarter  ended  June  30, 1882 804,541  04 

2,  038,  990  97 

PROCEEDS  OF  SALES  OF  GOVERNMENT  PROPERTY. 

Quarterended  September  30, 1881 06.303  58 

Quarter  ended  December  31, 1881 88,862  96 

Quarter  ended  March  31,  1882 79,870  17 

Quarter  ended  June  30, 1882 79,803  14 

314,  959  85 

PROFITS  ON  COINAGE. 

Quarter  ended  September  30, 1881 809,317  80 

Quarter  ended  December  31, 1881 8.59,156  26 

Quarter  cniled  March  31,1882 1,  .''.61,  089  03 

Quarter  ended  Juno  30, 1882 887,130  04 

4, 116,  603  73 

REVENUES  OF  DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA. 

Quarterended  September  30,  1R81 158,443  95 

Quarterended  Deeeml)er  31,  1881 1,078,281  41 

Quart.r  ended  March  31,  1882 209,822  06 

Quarter  ended  June  30, 1882 208,020  99 

1,  71.5, 176  41 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Quarterended  September  30, 1881 4,009,590  15 

Quarterended  December 31, 1881 1,381,047  97 

Quarterended  March  31,  1882 1,  ]8:i,  588  09 

Quarter  ended  June  30, 1882 5,08.3,144  32 

11,057,377  13 

Total  ordinary  receipts 403,52.5,250  23 

Cash  in  Treasury  June  30, 1881 252,500,023  46 

Total 656,031,273  74 


EEPOET  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREAgURY. 


75 


TABIi£  U.—STATEMJSXT  of  the  NET  DISBURSEMEXTS  {by  icarranta)  during 
the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  li!82. 

CIVIL. 

Conjrress $5,  5<12, 982  10 

jKxecntive 7,  252,  K22  05 

Judiciary 3,  5:itj,  857  39 

Government  of  Territories : 213,  338  70 

Sabtreasuiies 350,185  47 

Public  land  ortices 732,370  37 

Inspection  of  steam  vessels 228,  371  46 

Miutaud  assay  oUices 1p5,  458  US 

Total  civil $18,  042, 386  42 

FOREIGX  IXTERCOUESE. 

Diplomatic  snLiries 348,  215  70 

Consular  salaiins 491,895  87 

Continjrt-ncies  of  consulates 147,  -iOfl  14 

Kescuins  American  scaineu  from  shipwreck 2,467  59 

American  and  Spanisli  Claims  Coramissiou  7,924  96 

Contingent  expeiiiios  of  foreign  missions 105,479  21 

Shipping  and  discharging  seamen 5,  513  50 

Prisons  for  American  convicts 2o,  110  63 

Expenses  under  the  neutrality  act .' 2, 100  00 

American  and  French  Commission Ill,  627  10 

International  Bimetallic  Commission 19,  C04  40 

.Publication  of  commercial  and  consular  reports 18,  033  22 

Contingent  and  miscellaneous 20,  541  88 

Total  foreign  intercourse 1,307,583  19 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Mint  establishment .' 1,200,752  37 

Coast  Survey 538,863  09 

Lifrht-IIonse  Establishment 1,776,420  02 

Building  and  repairs  of  light-houses 615,720  50 

Refunding  excess  of  deposits  for  unascertained  duties 3,  680,845  77 

Ke venue-cutter  service 846, 423  34 

Life-saving  service 598,  624  59 

Custom-houses,  court-houses,  post-offices,  &c 2,399,100  29 

Furniture,  fuel,  &;c.,  for  public  buildings  under  Treasury  Department. .  817,  811  13 

Pepairs  and  preservation  of  buildings  under  Treasury  Department . . ..  220,  658  33 

Collecting  customs  revenue 6,  549,  595  07 

Debenture  and  drawbacks  under  customs  laws 2,093,086  73 

Marine-IIoapital  ICstaUlisbiiieut 408,120  16 

Conip<'ii8atiiiu  in  lieu  of  iniiietic* 3t),  628  83 

Assessing  ,ind  collecting  internal  revenue 4,097,241  34 

Punishing  violations  of  interualrevenuo  laws 54,  530  16 

Internal-revenue  stamps,  paijcrs,  and  dies 540,  608  27 

Kofuuding  duties  erroneously  or  illegally  collected 59,  824  58 

Internal-revenue  allowances  and  drawbacks 49,  770  90 

Kedemption  of  internalrevcnuo  stamps 25,  565  91 

Expenses  national  currency 123,  925  01 

Suppressing  counterfeiting  and  fraud 84,  894  10 

Contingent  expenses,  Independent  Treasury 90,044  26 

Survey  of  public  lands 314,701  01 

Five  per  cent,  fund,  Sec,  to  States 87,035  39 

Postage 171,3.">8  40 

"Vaults,  safes,  and  locks  for  public  buildings f»6, 170  76 

Indemnity  for  swamp  lands 1 126,  077  50 

Building  revenue  cutters 01,  005  87 

Pronagation,  &.C.,  of  food-fishes 2U3, 103  19 

Geological  survey  of  Territories 1  r^').  546  1 .5 

Deposits  by  individuals  for  surveys  of  public  lands 1,  38.'i,  201  24 

National  Board  of  Health ." 109,900  00 

Expenses  of  Eighth,  Ninth,  and  Tenth  Census GOt,  841  65 

P.'brriient  of. judgments.  Court  of  Claims 590,  051  31 

Mail  ti-ans]>ortation.  Pacitic  Itailroads 544,786  83 

Department  of  Agriculture 240,  807  41 

I'atent  Ollico ISO.  720  21 

Expi  uses  of  Bureau  of  Engraving  and  Printing 3Vt,  ,i«o7  00 

Smitlisoni:m  Inst  it  ul  inn 129,208  04 

Coniiilttion  of  the  Wa.shingfon  T^fonument  lOo,  iioo  00 

Pulili<'  liuildings  and  grounds  in  Washington 315,  705  .55 

Annual  repairs  of  the  Capitol   61,957  20 

Improving  and  lighting  Capitcd  giounils    94,770  05 

State,  AVar,  and  Navv  Departments  building 320,988  09 

Columbian  Institute  for  Deaf  and  Dumb 01,  742  07 

GovemnMUt  nosjiital  fur  the  Ins.me KM,  999  93 

rreedman".«  Ilosjiilal 41,774  00 

How:ivd  L^uiversiiy 10,000  00 

Sui>p.)n  and  treatment  of  tran.sient  paupers 15,  oimi  oO 

Itedi  n)])tion  of  District  of  Columbia  securities 1,  137  20 

Refunding  taxes.  District  of  Columbia 4.0.54  06 

AVater  fund.  District  of  Columbia 105,  030  08 

Spec ial  tax  fund 13,  700  06 

Expenses  of  District  of  Columbia 3, 14 »,  210  29 

Washington  Aqueduct 19,018  94 


76 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


TABfvi:  11. -STATEMENT  of  the  NET  DISBURSEMENTS  {by  wairantu)  during 
the  fiscal  year  ended  June  HO,  1B82 — Continued. 

MISCELLANEOUS— Continued. 

Ch.intahlc,  inslitnlions $lf:0,  708  04 

Doprcdalions  on  jmblio  tinibor 12,  147  04 

Puniituie,  &c.,  National  MuHCum V\^,  871  05 

PurcliaHo  Fi'cedmous'  Uank 2.')(),  000  00 

MiaccUauoous 4r)2,  .110  77 

Total  miscoUanoous $37,869,781  37 

INTERIOK  DEPARTMENT. 

Indians 9,7.30,717  dO 

Pensions 01,315, 193  y.'j 

Total  Interior  Department  71,081,941  35 

MILITARY  ESTABLISHMENT. 

PayDopartmrnt 12,  3Si,249  31 

(^oniniiHuai-y  Department 2,  2.'57,  374  92 

Qiiartennastcr's  Department 11,554,898  2(5 

Medi<al  Department 395,041  .'(3 

Oidnanco  Department 1,644, 110  71 

Militaiy  Academy 95,  750  36 

Improving  n vers" and  harbors 11,412,  921  39 

Sui-vey  of  Territories  west  of  the  one  hundredth  meridian 7,  500  00 

ContiiJKencies '. 29,482  .57 

Expenses  of  recruiting 94  2!)U  03 

SifTual  Service 385,389  40 

Exjienses  of  military  convicts 08,  870  97 

Publishinc  the  oftieial  records  of  the  rebellion 09,490  00 

Support  of  National  Home  for  Disabled  Volunteers 940,475  01 

Support  of  SoldiciH'  Hoiiie 70,071  20 

Construction  of  military  posts,  roads,  &c 243,024  92 

Eortifications 221,441  90 

National  cemeteries 211,  CU  C5 

Fifty  per  cent,  anears  of  Army  transportation  duo  certain  railroads. ..  178, 179  18 

Construction  of  militarv  t^ilesraphs 74,756  39 

Bounty  to  soldiens,  act  July  28,  1806 03,518  50 

Survey  of  Northern  and  Northwestern  lakes 17,  051  00 

Bounty  to  volunteers 249,  975  46 

Mi-isis'sippi  River  Commission 13.5,000  00 

Supplies  5o  sufferers  by  the  overflow  of  the  Mississippi  River 30.5,  278  35 

Claims  for  quartermasters'  aud  commissary  supplies 270,  4J7  54 

Operatiiir;  and  care  of  Louisville  and  Portland  Canal 44,502  91 

Miscellaneous 89,401  01 

Total  military  establishmen  t 43,  570, 494  19 

NAVAL  ESTABLISHMENT. 

Pay  and  contingencies  of  the  Navy 7,779,  035  45 

Marine  Coriis 852,  470  itO 

Naval  Academy 213.  272  78 

Navigation 238,  321  48 

Ordnance 297,085  41 

Equipment  and  Recruitinji 901,  332  24 

Yards  and  Docks 1,119,770  98 

Medicine  and  Surgery 177,  492  72 

Constniction  and  Rejiair 1,  450,  301  79 

Provisiims  and  Clothing 1,207,  020  SO 

Steam  Engmeeiing  ...1... 870,  748  50 

15,228.113  05 
Deduct  excess  of  repayments  over  expenditures 190,006  79 

Total  naval  establishment 15,032,046  26 

Interest  on  the  public  debt 71,  07T,  2ijii  79 

Totiil  net  ordinary  expenditures 257.981,439  .57 

Redemption  of  the  pu  biic  debt 150,  700, 575  56 

Total  expenditures 4(>8,  682,  01 5  12 

Cash  in  Treasury  June  30,  1882 247,  349,  258  62 

Total 656,031,273  74 


JIEPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    TREASURY. 


77 


TABLE  C—STATEMEXT  of  the  ISSUE  and   REDEMPTION  of  LOASS  and 

TUEASURY  NOTES  {oy  warrants)  for  the  fiscal  yiar  ended  June  30,  18s2. 


Issues. 


Bedemptions. 


Excess  of 
issued. 


Excess  of 
redemptions. 


Loan  of  1858,  act  of  Jnne  14,  1858  . ... 

Loau  of  February,  ISGl,  act  of  Feb- 
ruary 8,  1801  . .  ■ 

Orogon  war  debt,  act  of  March  2, 18G1. 

Loau  of  July  and  August,  1S61,  acts 
of  July  17  and  Au<,Ti8t  5,  ISGl 

Old  demand  notes,  acts  of  July  17  and 
Auuust  5,  1861,  and  July  IL',  1802... 

Five-twenties  ot  1862,  act  of  Febru- 
ary 25.  1802 

Lejral-tender  notes,  acts  of  February 
25  and  July  11, 1802,  January  7  and 
March  3,  1863 

Fractional  currency,  acts  of  July  17, 
1802,  March  3,  1803,  and  Juno  30, 
18&4. 


$79,520,424  00 


Coin  certificates,  art  of  March  3, 1863. 
One-year  notes  of  1803,  act  of  March 

3,  1803 

Two-year  notes  of  1863,  act  of  March 

3,1863 

Compound   interest   notes,    acts   of 

March  3. 1803,  and  June  30,  1864 ... . 
Loan  of  1803.  act  of  March  3, 1863,  and 

J  une  30,  1864 

Ten-forties  of  1804,  act  of  March  3, 


1804. 


Fi%e-twentipa  of  Jnne,  1864,  act  of 
June  30,  1864 

Seven-thirties  of  1804  and  1865,  arts 
of  June  30,  1804,  and  March  3.  1865. 

Five-twenties  of  1805,  act  of  M;uch 
3,  1805 

Consuls  of  1865,  act  of  March  3, 1865.. 

Consols  of  1807,  act  of  March  3, 1865. . 

Consols  of  1M)8,  act  of  March  3, 1805.. 

Fumlcd  loan  of  ISSl.ncts  <if  July  14, 
1870.  January  20, 1871,  and  January 
14,  1875 

Fuudcd  loan  of  1907,  acts  of  July  14, 
1870,  Jiuiuary  20, 1871,  and  January 
14,1875 

Certificates  of  deposit,  act  of  June  8, 
1«72 

Silver  certificates,  act  of  February 
28,1878 

Befunding  certificates,  act  of  Febru- 
ary 20,  1879 


Total 


Excess  of  redemptions. 
Excess  of  issues 


Net  excess  of  redemptions  charged 
in  receipts  and  expt-nditures 


225, 300  00 
16,  900,  000  CO 
24,  300,  000  00 


$1, 000  00 

30,3,000  00 
675,  250  00  ; 
I 
117,  787,  900  00 

840  00 

2, 100  00 

79,  520,  424  00 

58.  705  55 
745,  800  00 

2,  470  00 

2,  550  00 
9,  290  00 

7, 110,  750  00 

254,  550  00 

7,  400  00 

3,  200  00 

6,  5P0  00 

86,  450  00 

408,250  00 

141,400  00 

39,419,900  00 


15,  505,  000  00 

9,  369,  820  00 

223,  750  00 


$1,  000  00 

303,  000  00 
C75,  25U  UU 

,  787,  900  00 

840  00 

2, 100  00 


58,  705  55 
745,  800  00 

2,  470  00 
2,550  00 
9,  290  00 

7, 110,  750  00 

254,  550  00 

7,  400  CO 

3,  200  00 

C.  500  00 

86, 450  00 

408,  250  00 

141,400  00 

39,419,900  00 


$225,  300  00 

1, 395,  000  00 

14,  930, 180  00 


223,  750  00 


120,  945, 724  00 


271,  646, 299  55       16,  550,  480  00  I     167,  251,  055  55 


167, 251,  055  .'.5 
16, 550,  480  0') 


150, 70O,  575  55 


78 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    TREASURY. 


TABLE  H.— STATEMENT  of  the  NET  RECEIPTS  and  DTSBUESEMENTS  (hy 

warranta)  for  the  quarter  ended  September  3l>,  1882. 

KECEirTS. 

Customs $64,008,875  71 

Salrs  of  public  lamia 1,  18.-.,Gir2  97 

liitwnal  revonue 37,700,804  58 

Tii\  on  ciiculiilion,  (IppoKita,  Ac,  of  national  banks 4, 49'J,  426  39 

JIcliMyuioutofintrirrst.  by  I'aritic  Kailroiid  Companies 65,774  62 

Ciish'iiiis'  fiM^s,  lines,  pciKi  II  iiH,  and  forfeitures 4'J'J,  140  09 

Consular,  Ictti'rs  patent,  liomesteatl,  &.C.,  foes 822,842  49 

Proceeds  of  sales  of  covonimeut  property IKJ,  995  05 

Prolitsou  coinage,  &c 1,040,119  'M 

Miscellaneous 1,978,004  53 

Total  net  ordinary  receipts 112,790,600  72 

Balance  in  the  Treasury  June  30,  1882 247,349,258  02 

Total 300,139,865  34 

DISBURSEMENTS. 

Customs 5,  78S,227  38 

Internal  revenue 1,  443,  129  47 

Diplomatic  service  , 440, 101  46 

Quarterly  salaries 100,410  75 

Treasury  proper 6,  716,  737  10 

Judiciary 1,072,147  14 

Interior  (civil) 2,070,805  06 

Total  civil  and  miscellaneous 17,640,618  36 

Indians 2,633,778  88 

Pensions 23,397,244  51 

Military  Establishment 14,181,028  69 

Naval  Establishment. 3,571,431  S3 

Interest  on  public  debt 17,219,240  19 

78,  643,  348  46 

Redemption  of  tbe  public  debt 40,000,789  60 

Balauceiu  Treasury,  September  30,  1882 241,399,728  48 

Total 360,139,865  94 

STATEMENT  of  the  PUBLIC  DEBT,  ineludvifj  ACCRUED  INTEREST  thereon,  less 
cash  in  the  Treasuri/  on  the  1st  day  of  Juhi  of  each  year,  from  1869  to  1862,  comjnlcd  from 
the puhlished  monthly  deht-siatements  of  those  dates. 


Tears. 

Outstanding  prin- 
cipal. 

Accrued  inter- 
est. 

Cash   in   the 
Treasury. 

Debt  less  cash  in 
the  Treasury. 

July  1  1SG9 

*$2,  597,  722,  983  37 
*2,  601,675, 127  83 
2,353,211,332  32 
2,  253,  251,  328  78 
2,  234,  482,  993  20 
2,  251,  690,  468  43 
2,  232,  284,  531  95 
2, 180,  395, 067  15 
2,20.5,301,392  10 
2,  256, 20.5,  892  53 
2,  349,  567, 482  04 
2, 120,  415,  370  63 
2,  069,  013,  569  58 
1,918,312,904  03 

$47,447,310  79 
50,  607,  556  52 
45,  036,  766  23 

41,  70.5,  813  27 

42,  356,  652  82 
38,  939,  087  47 
38,647,5.56  19 
38,  514,  004  £4 
40,  882,  791  89 
36, 404,  551  37 
30,  792,  351  34 
22,  845,  .547  59 
20,  948,  657  75 
13,  890,  986, 47 

$156,167,813  58 
265,  924,  084  61 
106,217,263  65 
103, 470,  798  43 
129,  020,  932  45 
147,  541,  314  74 
142,  243,  361  82 
119,469,726  70 
186,  025,  960  73 
256,823,612  08 
353,152,577  01 
201,  088,  622  88 
249,363,415  35 
243,  289,  519  78 

$2  489  002  480  58 

ISTO 

2,  386,  358,  599  74 
2,292,030  834  90 

1871 

1872, 

2,191,486,343  62 
2, 147,  818,  713  57 
2, 143,  088,  241  16 
2, 128,  088  726  32 

1873 

1874 

1875 

1876 

2,  Onu,  439,  344  99 
2,060, 1.58,223  26 

1877 

1878 

2,035,786,831  82 

1879 

2,  027,  207  256  37 

1880 

1,942,172,295  34 

1881 

1,  840,  598, 811  98 

1882 

1,  688,  914, 460  72 

*  It  will  be  noticed  that  there  is  a  difference  in  the  .amounts  represented  by  these  two  statements  as 
the  iiri;>nipal  of  the  d(d)t  July  1,  1869,  and  July  1,  1870.  This  difference  is  explained  thus:  In  i  he  prin- 
ripal  of  the  debt  as  shown  by  the  monthly  debt-Statements  of  these  dates,  the  bonds  purchased  for  the 
sin'Kiuu-l'und  and  paid  for  from  money  in  the  Treasury,  were  included  as  a  part  of  the  outstaudiu};  debt 
and  were  also  treated  in  the  cash  as  a  cash  item,  or  asset,  for  the  n-asou  that  at  that  time  there  was  no 
nutlioiitv  or  law  for  deducting  them  from  the  outstanding  debt.  Congiess,  bj'  the  sixth  section  of  tlie 
act  of  .Julv  14,  1870,  directed  that  these  bonds  should  be  canceled  and  d»  stroyed  and  deducted  from  the 
amount  of  each  class  of  the  outstandius  debt  to  which  they  respectively  belonged,  and  such  dctluctioiis 
Wert  actordinj;ly  made  on  the  books  of  the  department  and  in  the  table  of  the  debt  iu  the  aunucd  repoi  t. 


PAPERS 

ACCOMPANYING 

THE  REPORT  OF  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


IlEPORT  OF  THE  CO:\rMISSrONER  OF  INTEPtNAL  REVEXIJE. 

Treasury  Depart:ment, 
Office  of  Internal  Revenue, 

Washington^  November  25, 1882. 

Sir:  I  Lave  the  honor  to  submit  the  annual  report  of  the  Commis- 
sioner of  Internal  Revenue  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30, 1882,  with 
additional  information  relative  to  the  operations  of  tlic  Bureau  during 
the  months  of  July,  August,  September,  and  October  of  tlie  present 
fiscal  year,  and  accompanied  by  an  appendix*  of  tabular  statements  as 
follows: 

Table  A,  sho\<'ing  the  receipts  from  each  specific  source  of  revenue, 
excei)t  adhesive  stamps,  and  the  amounts  refunded  in  each  collection 
district.  State,  and  Territory  of  the  United  States,  for  the  fiscal  year 
ended  June  30, 1882. 

Table  B,  showing  the  number  and  value  of  internal-rpvenue  stamps 
ordered  monthly  by  the  Commissioner  and  from  the  ofiice  of  the  Com- 
missioner; the  receipts  from  the  sale  of  stamps  and  the  commissions 
allowed  thereon;  also  the  number  and  value  of  stam])s  for  special  taxes, 
tobacco,  cigars,  cigarettes,  snufl",  distilled  spirits,  and  fermented  liquors, 
issued  monthly  to  collectors  during  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30, 1882. 

Table  C,  showing  the  ])ercentages  of  recei[)tsfrom  the  several  general 
sources  of  revenue  in  each  State  and  Territory  of  the  United  States  to 
the  aggregate  receipts  from  the  same  sources,  by  fiscal  years,  from  Julv 
1,  18G3,  to  June  30,  1882. 

Table  D,  showing  the  aggregate  receipts  from  all  sources  in  each 
collection  district,  State,  and  Territory  of  the  United  States,  by  fiscal 
years,  from  September  1,  1862,  to  June  30,  1882. 

Table  E,  showing  the  receipts  in  the  United  States  from  each  specific 
source  of  revenue,  by  fiscal  years,  from  September  1, 1802,  to  June  30, 
1882. 

Table  F,  showing  the  ratio  of  receipts  in  the  United  States  from  spe- 
cific sources  of  revenue  to  the  aggregate  receipts  from  all  sources,  by 
fiscal  years,  from  July  1,  1803,  to  June  30,  1882. 

Table  G,  showing  the  returns  of  distilled  spirits,  fermented  liquors, 
manufactured  tobacco,  snufl",  cigars,  and  cigarettes,  under  the  several 
acts  of  legislation  and  by  fiscal  years,  from  Sei)tember  1,  1802,  to  June 
30,  1882. 

Table  H,  showing  the  receipts  from  special  taxes  in  each  collection 
district.  State,  and  Territory  for  the  s])ecial-tax  year  ended  April  30, 1882. 

Table  I.  Abstract  of  reports  of  district  attorneys  concerning  suits  and 
jirosecutions  under  the  internal-revenue  laws  during  the  liscal  vear  ended 
June  30,  1882. 

Table  K.  Abstract  of  seizures  of  property  for  violation  of  internal- 
revenue  laws  during  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1882. 

*  The  appoudix  here  referred  to  is  omitted  from  thie  Tolume  for  want  of  space,  but  it  will  be  foimd 
in  tlio  bound  volumes  of  Iho  Commissioner's  report, 

79 


80  PAPERS  ACCOMPANYING  THE 

REDUCTION  OF  TAXATION. 

The  receipts  from  in  torn  aire  venue  taxation  have  year  by  year  in- 
creased, from  ir^llSjOOOjOOO  in  the  fiscal  year  1879,  to  $124,000,000  in  1880, 
to  $13r),00(),U()0  in  1881,  and  to  $140,500,000  (in  round  figures)  in  the  fis- 
cal year  last  ended.  There  will  probably  be  some  diminution  in  the  re- 
ceipts for  the  present  fiscal  year  as  compared  with  last  year,  but  it  is 
not  likely  that  the  collections  of  internal  revenue  for  the  current  year 
will  fall  below  $145,000,000  should  the  taxes  now  iini)Osed  be  retained. 

It  is  an  old  and  sound  maxim  that  no  more  revenue  should  be  raised 
than  is  necessary  for  an  economical  administration  of  the  government 
and  a  gradual  reduction  of  the  public  debt.  Although  taxation  may  be 
so  wisely  adjusted  as  not  to  operate  as  a  severe  burden  upon  the  people, 
when  the  amount  collected  is  beyond  the  actual  needs  of  the  govern- 
ment there  is  presented  a  constant  temptation  to  extravagance  in  ap- 
propriations. Another  consideration  attending  the  existing  overflowing 
condition  of  the  public  Treasury  cannot  have  failed  to  attract  your 
notice.  If  the  present  rate  of  paying  the  principal  of  the  public  debt  be 
continued,  all  the  bonds  subject  to  call  will  be  paid  within  three  years; 
after  which  time  the  government  will  be  compelled,  in  order  to  dispose 
of  its  surplus  revenue,  to  buy  in  open  market  the  4  J  per  cent,  bonds 
which  fall  due  in  1891,  or  the  4  per  cent,  bonds  which  fall  due  in  1007. 
Should  the  government  thus  become  an  active  purchaser  of  these  bonds 
before  maturity  it  seems  clear  that  they  would  advance  in  price  to  25 
or  30  per  cent,  premium,  to  pay  which  would  certainly  be  regarded  as 
a  waste  of  the  people's  money.  It  seems  to  me  judicious  that  the  prin- 
cipal of  the  public  debt  should  be  extinguished,  as  was  originally  con- 
templated, only  at  the  rate  necessary  to  meet  the  requirements  of  the 
sinking  fund,  viz,  to  the  extent  of  about  $55,000,000  per  annum.  There- 
fore, it  becomes  obvious  that  a  reduction  of  from  seventy  to  eighty  mill- 
ions in  the  annual  revenues  of  the  country  could  be  safely  entered  upon, 
and  in  my  judgment  such  a  reduction  is  urgently  called  for.  I  respect- 
fully ofl'er  some  suggestions  for  your  consideration  in  this  regard. 

Sound  policy  would  seem  to  require  that  in  remitting  taxation  the 
relief  should  fall  as  far  as  possible  upon  those  articles  which  are  neces- 
saries of  life,  and  upon  those  interests  which  are  of  pressing  impor- 
tance to  the  country.  The  great  bulk  of  internal-revenue  taxation  is  de- 
rived from  distilled  spirits  (about  nine-tenths  of  which  are  used  as  a 
beverage),  malt  hquors,  tobacco,  and  cigars.  These  are  not  articles  of 
necessary  consumption,  but  are  articles  of  luxury,  the  taxes  upon  which 
are  really  paid  by  the  consumers,  and  no  one  need  consume  them.  I  am 
strongly  of  the  opinion  that,  so  long  as  the  principle  of  deriving  part 
of  the  revenue  of  the  government  from  internal  taxation  is  retained, 
these  articles,  and  the  dealers  therein,  are  proper  subjects  for  taxation. 
There  is  no  demand  on  the  part  of  consumers  of  these  products  for  the 
remission  of  the  taxes  imposed  upon  them ;  there  is  no  public  senti- 
ment calling  for  their  repeal ;  on  the  contrary,  the  general  current  of 
public  opinion  seems  to  be  in  favor  of  their  retention. 

The  other  objects  of  internal-revenue  taxation,  with  the  amounts 
realized  therefrom  during  the  past  fiscal  year,  are  as  follows : 

Friction  matclies §3,272,258  00 

Patent  medicines,  perfumery,  &c 1,978, 395  56 

Bank  chocks 2,318,455  14 

Bank  deposits 4,007,701  98 

Savings-bank  deposits 88,400  47 

Bank  capital 1,138,340  87 

Savings-bank  capital 14,729  38 

Total.. 12,818,281  40 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


81 


Add  to  these  items  the  taxes  collected  by  the  Treasurer  of  the  United 
States  from  national  banks,  as  follows : 

National  banks  (deposits) $5,521,927  47 

National  banks  (capital) 437,774  90 

Makes  a  total  derived  from  these  sources  of 18,777,983  77 

As  suggested  in  my  report  for  1880,  these  taxes  should,  in  my  opinion, 
be  repealed.  The  tax  on  friction  matches  is  more  or  less  felt  in  every 
household.  The  tax  on  savings-bank  deposits  is  a  tax  on  thrift.  The 
tax  on  patent  medicines,  perfumeries,  and  cosmetics  is  vexatious,  being 
levied  upon  innumerable  articles.  The  taxes  on  bank  capital,  bank  de- 
posits, and  bank  checks  are  not  needed  for  purposes  of  rievenue,  and 
can  therefore  be  dispensed  with,  and  the  latter  tax  is  largely  amenable 
to  the  objection  made  to  the  tax  on  deposits  in  savings  banks — that  it 
is  an  impost  laid  upon  the  practice  of  economy,  which  it  shoidd  be  the 
design  of  all  good  governments  to  encourage. 

The  repeal  of  these  taxes  would  greatly  simplify  the  internal-revenue 
system.  Then,  if  to  the  eighteen  and  three-quarter  millions  of  reduc- 
tion thus  proposed  Congress  should  add  a  reduction  in  the  charges  for 
special  taxes  to  dealers  in  articles  taxed  for  internal  revenue  substantially 
as  proposed  in  the  bill  nowpending  before  the  Senate,  a  still  farther  dimi- 
nution of  taxation  would  be  attained,  and  the  supervision  over  dealers  in 
taxable  articles,  which  experience  has  shown  to  be  necessary  in  order  to 
fully  and  fairly  collect  the  taxes  from  all  alike,  would  still  be  preserved. 
Keducing  all  these  special  taxes  40  per  cent.,  the  remissions  under 
this  head  would  be  as  follows,  on  the  basis  of  last  year's  collections : 


Special-tax  payers. 


Present, 
rates. 


Proposed     Annual  re- 
rates,  duction. 


Kcctiflers : 

First  ci.iss 

Second  clasa 

Wholosalo  liqaor  dealers 

Retail  liqnoi  dealers 

Manufacturers  of  stills 

Stills  or  worms  mattufactured 

Brewers : 

ri»st  class 

Second  class 

Wholoflale  dealers  in  malt  liquors 

KetuU  dealers  in  malt  liquors 

Manufacturers  of  cigars 

Manufacturers  of  tobacco 

Dealers  in  loaf  tobacco 

Dealers  in  leaf  tobacco  not  over  25,000  poiinds. 

Dealers  in  manufactured  tobacco 

Peddlers  of  tobacco : 

First  class 

Second  class 

Third  class 

Fourth  class 


$200 
100 
100 
25 
50 
20 

100 
."iO 
50 
20 
10 
10 
25 
5 
5 

50 
25 
15 
10 


$70,  665 

169,629 

1, 667.  703 

586 

2,043 

76,852 

43,724 
64,044 
55,  975 

3.483 
30,388 

3,705 
789,  386 


Total. 


3, 007, 905 


The  act  of  March  1,  1870,  reduced  the  tax  on  tobacco  from  24  cents 
per  pound  to  10  cents  per  pound,  but  did  not  reduce  the  tax  on  cigars 
and  cigarettes.  A  corresponding  redu(;ti<)n  on  cigars  would  be  to  ■'?4 
per  thousand,  and  on  cigarettes  to  $1.20  jxt  thousand.  This,  I  think, 
should  be  done,  and  would  amount  to  a  reduction  of  taxes  of  $(),74G,0()0. 

This  would  make  a  total  reduction  of  internal-revenue  taxes  (includ- 
ing the  taxes  on  national  banks)  as  follows : 

Matches,  medicines,  perfumery,  and  banks §lfl,777,9'"'3  77 

Special  taxes ;{,  007,90")  00 

Cigars  and  cigarettes G,  74t),  000  00 

2^?531.8cd  77 


Total... 
C  Ab 


82  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

While  it  is  undoubtedly  deemed  advisable  by  many  that  there  should 
be  a  revision  of  the  tariff,  it  is  unquestionably  the  case  that  it  is  not 
possible  to  foresee  the  effect  which  a  reduction  of  the  rate  of  duties  on 
many  of  the  great  lines  of  importation  would  have  upon  the  receipts 
from  customs.  It  is  contended  that  a  reduction  of  duty  upon  many  ar- 
ticles would  so  increase  the  importation  of  them  as  to  yield  an  actual 
increase  of  revenue.  The  demand  of  the  hour  is  for  legislation  that  will 
reduce  the  receipts  of  the  government,  I  venture  to  suggest  whether 
it  is  not  desirable  to  consider  the  practicability  of  taking  the  duty  off 
sugar.  About  2,200,000,000  pounds  of  sugar  are  annually  consumed  in 
the  United  States,  10  per  cent,  of  which  is  produce<l  in  this  country. 
Upon  the  2,000,000,000  pounds  imported,  the  government  realizes  a 
revenue  of  $49,000,000.  Sugar  is  one  of  the  necessaries  of  life  ;  it  is 
consumed  in  every  household.  Should  this  duty  be  removed,  there 
would  be  not  only  a  certain  and  large  reduction  of  revenue,  but  the 
benefit  of  that  reduction  would  immediately  inure  to  the  people.  The 
best  refined  sugar,  which  now  sells  at  10  cents  a  pound  retail,  could  be 
sold  at  seven  cents  if  the  duty  were  removed,  and  the  total  reduction 
would  amount  to  very  nearly  one  dollar  per  capita  i>er  annum  of  the 
entire  population  of  the  country. 

The  objection  to  this  measure  would  be  the  abolition  of  the  protection 
now  afforded  to  the  sugar  interests  of  Louisiana  and  other  States.  This ; 
difficulty  might  be  met  by  giving  a  bounty  of,  say,  two  and  one -half 
cents  per  pound  upon  all  home-produced  sugar.  The  cultivation  of 
sugar  in  this  country  is  not  a  rapidly-growing  industry;  there  is  no  pros- 
pect that  the  i)roduction  of  cane  sugar  will  ever  bear  a  greater  propor- 
tion to  the  consumption  than  at  present.  If  the  area  of  the  lands  suit- 
able for  the  growth  of  sugar-cane  was  large,  and  the  industry  was  one 
which  would  develop  rapidly  under  the  encouragement  of  protective, 
legislation,  so  that  the  constantly  growing  demand  for  sugar  would  be 
overtaken  and  supplied  by  a  home  product,  the  question  would  be  very ' 
difierent;  but  such  is  not  the  case.  Sugar-cane  is  a  troi)ical  plant,  and; 
its  cultivation  in  the  United  States  is  confined  to  a  small  portion  of, 
Louisiana,  Florida,  and  Texas,  and  where  grown  it  is  subject  to  the  haz- 
ards of  frosts  and  floods,  so  that  a  maximum  crop  is  not  produced  oftener' 
than  every  other  year,  as  will  be  seen  from  the  following  figures,  which 
show  the  quantities  of  sugar  and  molasses  produced  for  the  years  named: 


Years. 

Sugar. 

Molasses. 

1859-'60 

Hogaheadg. 
230,  982 
136,  878 
228, 451 
178,  872 
233,  908 

GaJlong. 
14, 963,  996 

1877  '78 

18,  983,  040 

1878-'79 

17,  624,  539 

1879-80 

16,  573,  273 

1880-'81 

20, 340,  038 

The  quantity  of  sugar  imported  during  the  fiscal  year  1861  was 
511,000,000  pounds,  while  the  quantity  imported  during  the  fiscal  year 
1882  was  1,900,000,000  pounds.  It  is  thus  seen  that  while  the  home 
product  has  not  increased  in  twenty-one  years,  the  importations  have 
increased  almost  fourfold. 

I  apprehend  if  sugar  were  not  produced  in  this  country  Congress 
would  not  hesitate  to  remove  the  duty  from  imported  sugar  as  the  best 
means  of  reducing  taxation.  The  present  law  gives  to  the  sugar  planters 
of  this  countiy,  indirectly,  about  $1,000,000  or  85,000,000  per  annum. 
My  proposition  would  be  to  give  them  this  amount  directly  and  let  the 
whole  people  have  the  benefit  of  the  reduction  of  taxation  of,  say, 
^$49^0,00,000,  winch  would  in  thiswayjie  effected. 


REPORT  OP  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


83 


The  principle  of  payiiij"^  a  bounty  for  the  en eoura foment  and  develop- 
ment of  American  industry  is  not  new;  it  was  adopted  in  the  ca-vse  of 
our  fisheries  as  early  as  1813,  and  was  continued  for  more  than  fifty 
years.  Millions  of  dollars  have  been  paid  out  durinf;-  this  period  to 
American  fishermen  for  fish  caujjht  and  exported,  and  we  are  still  driv- 
ing to  this  industry  the  bonus  of  allowing  them  to  withdraw  salt  free 
of  duty  and  of  requiring  from  them  no  tonnage  dues.  As  a  matter  of 
principle,  a  bounty  to  our  sugar  interests  would,  in  my  opinion,  be  no 
more  objectionable  than  similar  encouragement  to  our  fisheries. 

These  reductions,  if  made,  would  amount  to  $77,531,888. 

Detailed  information  is  subjoined  of  the  amount  of  internal  revenue 
collected  during  the  past  year,  and  for  the  first  four  months  of  the  pres- 
ent fiscal  year;  of  the  sources  whence  that  revenue  was  derived ;  of  the 
States  and  districts  in  which  the  collections  were  made  daring  the  past 
year,  and  as  to  the  cost  of  collection,  &c. 

COMPARATIVE  RECEIPTS  FOR  LAST  TWO  FISCAL  YEARS. 

The  receipts  from  the  several  objects  of  internal-revenue  taxation 
during  the  last  two  fiscal  years  have  been  as  follows : 


Sources  of  revenue. 


Receipts  for 

1«81. 


Receipts  for 

1882. 


lucreaee. 


Decrease. 


BPIKIT8. 

Spirits  distilled  from  fruit 

Spirit*"  distilled  from  grain,  molasses,  &c 

Rectifiers 

Retail  liquor  dealers 

Wholesale  liquor  dealers 

Miscellaneous 

Total  of  spirits 

TOBACCO. 

Cigars 

CiRarettes 

Snuff 

Tobacco,  chewing  and  smoking 

Dealers  in  leaf  tobacco 

Dealers  in  manufactured  tobacco 

Manufacturers  of  tobacco  aud  cigars. .. 

Peddlers  of  tobacco 

Miscellaneous 

Total  of  tobacco 

FERMENTED  LIQUORS. 

Ale,  beer,  lager  beer,  and  porter 

Brewers'  sp<>cial  tax 

Dealers  in  malt  liquors 

Total  of  fermented  liquors 

HANKS  AND  BANKERS. 

Bank  deposits 

Rank  ("ipital 

Bank  linulation 

Total  of  banks  and  bankers 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Bank  checks 

Friction  matches , 

Patent  medicines,  perfumery,  cosmetics, 

&«•' r 

P<'naltie» : 

Collections  not  otherwise  provided  for.. 

Total  of  miscellaneous 

Aggregate  receipts 


$1, 531,  075  83       $1,  095, 164  60 


CO,  BS'i,  0;')1  73 

170, 145  09 

4,  3l.'2, 298  21 

418,  813  68 

28, 589  44 


63, 683,  592  37 

184,  483  67 

4,  455,  355  55 

439,  018  86 

15,  793  13 


$3,  000,  540  64 

14,337  68 

133,  057  34 

20,  205  18 


$435,  911  23 


12, 796  31 


C7, 153,  974 


69,  873,  408  18         2,  719, 433  30 


16,  095, 

992, 

689, 

22, 833, 

76, 

1,  976, 

151, 

20, 

13, 


42,  854,  991  31 


13,  237, 700  63 
]9.">,  3(18  52 
207,  232  06 


13,700,241  21 


18, 245,  852  37 

972,  570  10 

778,  650  87 

25,0.33,741  97 

76,  3(19  15 

2,094,530  21 

1,52,622  14 

22,  875  22 

14,  830  88 


47,  391,  088  91 


15,  680,  678  1)4 
195,  8L'4  31 
277,  417  57 


16, 153,  920  42 


2, 150, 127  50 


89,  467  84 
2, 200,  454  37 


118,  464  66 
1, 179  57 


1, 785  21 


4,  5:}6,  997  60 


3, 442,  977  91 

515  79 
10, 185  51 


2, 453,  679  21 


20, 411  12 


687  61 
3,'382'oi 


2,  946,  906  64 

811,0(lti  35 

4,  295  08 


4,  096,  102  45 

1, 153, 1)70  25 

4,  285  77 


1,149,195  81 
342,  003  90 


9  31 


3, 762, 208  07  |      5, 253, 458  47  I      1,  491, 250  40 


2,253,411  20 
3,  278,  580  62 

1,843,263  90 
231,(178  21 
152, 162  90 


2,318,4.55  14 
3,  272,  258  00 

1,  978,  395  .56 
199,  830  04 
81,5.59  00 


65, 043  94 


135, 131  66 


7,  850,  497  74  I 


92,  000  91 


146,  523,  273  72  i    11,  293,  361  42 


31,248  17 
70,  603  90 


84 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


The  quantities  of  distilled  spirits,  fermented  liquors,  manufactured 
tobacco,  snuff,  cigars,  and  cigarettes  on  which  tax  was  paid  during  the 
same  periods  were  as  follows: 


Products  taxed. 


Fiscal  years  ended  Jnne  30 — 


1881. 


1882. 


Increase. 


Decrease. 


Number  of  gallons  of  spirits  distilled 
from  fruit 

Number  of  gallons  of  spirits  distilled 
fi'om  grain,  molasses,  and  other  mate- 
rials   

Number  of  cigars 

Number  of  cigarettes ,..., 

Num ber  ot  pounds  of  snuff 

Number  of  ])oun<ls  of  tobacco 

Number  of  barrels  of  fermented  liquors. , 


1,  701,  20G 


67,  426,  000 

2,  682, 620,  797 

567,  3.95,  983 

4,  307,  394 

142,  706,  Oil 

14,  311,  028 


1, 216,  850 


70,  759,  548 

3,  040,  975,  395 

554,  544, 186 

4,  866,  568 

156,  458,  033 

16,  952,  085 


3,  333,  548 
358,  354,  598 


559, 174 

13,  752,  022 

2,  641, 057 


484,  356 


12, 851, 797 


RECEIPTS  FOR  FIRST  FOUR  MONTHS  OF  PRESENT  FISCAL  YEAR. 

The  receipts  for  the  first  four  months  of  the  present  fiscal  year  com- 
pared with  the  corresponding  months  of  the  past  fiscal  year  have  been 
as  follows : 


Sources  of  revenue. 


Receipts  from 

July  1,  1881, 

to  October 

31,1881. 


Receipts  from 

Jnly  1, 1882, 

to  October 

31, 1882. 


Increase. 


Decrease. 


SPIEITS. 

Spirits  distilled  from  apples,  peaches,  or 
grapes 

Spirits  distilled  from  materials  other  than 
apples,  peaches,  or  grapes 

Wine  made  in  imitation  of  champagne,  &c 

Kectiflers  (special  tax) 

Dealers,  retail  liquor  (special  tax) 

Dealers,  wholesale  liquor  (special  tax) 

Manufacturers  of  stills,  and  stills  and 
•worms  manufactured  (special  tax) 

Stamps  for  distilled  spirits  intended  for  ex- 
port   , 

Total « 

TOBACCO. 

Cigars  amd cheroots 

Cigarettes — ... 

Manufacturers  of  cigars  (special  tax) 

Snuff  of  aU  descriptions 

Tobacco,  manufactured,  of  all  descriptions 

Stamps  for  tobacco,  snufl,  and  cigars  in- 
tended for  export 

Dealers  in  leaf  tobacco',  not  over  25,000 
pounds  (special  tax) , 

Dealers  in  leaf  tobacco  (special  tax) 

Ketail  dealers  in  leaf  tobacco  (special  tax) 

Dealers  in  manufactured  tobacco  (special 
tax) 

Manufactirrers  of  tobacco  (special  tax)... 

Peddlers  of  tobacco  (special  ta^s) 

Total 

FERMENTED  LIQU0B8. 

Fermented  liquors,  tax  of  $1  per  barrel  on. 

Brewers  (special  tax) 

Dealers  in  malt  liquors  (special  tax) 

Total „ 


$396,  540  85 
22, 427,  887  60 


$371, 387  17 
22,  089, 470  43 


$25, 153  68 
338, 417  17 


10, 420  87 

356,  507  52 

27, 112  59 

2,  716  68 

2,413  00 


14,  937  52 

370,  792  11 

30,  083  41 

2, 103  34 

590  60 


$4,  516  65 

14,  284  59 

2,  970  82 


613  34 

1, 822  40 


23, 223,  599  11 


22,  879,  364  58 


6,  405, 640  64 

346,  694  87 

7,  055  65 

290, 149  25 

10, 248, 892  01 

1,  984  60 

1, 000  46 

5,  999  96 

583  34 

185,  869  46 

485  85 

2, 913  36 


6,  968, 197  36 

403, 195  21 

6,  631  95 

302,  092  33 

9, 135, 770  56 

877  97 

779  61 

4, 456  24 

291  67 

190,  732  94 

329  62 

2,  275  67 


562,  556  72 
56,  500  34 


17,  497, 269  45 


17,  015,  631  13 


6,  033,  246  03 

6,  795  96 

42, 849  17 


6,  306,  977  23 

5,  273  26 

41,  776  37 


11, 943  08 


4,  863  48 


273,  731  20 


6,  082,  891  16    6,  354,  026  86  I   271, 135  70 


344, 234  53 


423  70 

i,"ii3,"i2i'45 

1, 106  63 

220  85 

1,  543  72 

291  67 


156  23 
637  69 


481,  638  32 


1,  522  70 
1,  072  80 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


85 


Sources  of  revenue. 

Keceiptfl  from 

July  1, 1881, 

to  bctobor 

31, 1881. 

Receipts  from 

July  1,  1882, 

to  October 

31, 1882. 

Increase. 

Decrease. 

BANKS  AND  BANKEK8. 

$714,  684  11 

33,  401  29 

363,  350  04 

4,  339  67 

4  29 

2,402  45 

$794,  449  59 

28,  245  79 

235,461  82 

3,  546  34 

17  13 

4  14 

$79, 765  48 

$5, 155  50 

127,  888  22 

793  33 

12  84 


Koteaof  ])erson3,  State  banks,  towns,  cities, 

2,  398  31 

Total 

1, 118, 181  85 

1,  001, 724  81 

56,457  04 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

2,  869,  644  95 
52, 360  24 

34,  913  27 

3,161,562  11        291,917  16 
82,  014  52           29.  (154  28 

Collections  not  otherwise  herein  provided 
for .  .      .      .... 

5,  806  66 

29, 106  61 

Total 

2,  956,  918  46 

3, 249,  383  29  |      292,  464  83 

50,  878,  860  03 

50,  560, 130  67 

318, 729  36 

COLLECTIONS  BY  DISTRICTS  DURING  PAST  FISCAL  YEAR. 

Following  were  the  collections  in  each  district  of  the  United  States 
during  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1882 : 


Collection  districts. 


Names  of  collectors. 


Ageregato  col- 
lections. 


I 


First  Alabama 

Second  Alabama 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

Do 

First  California 

Fourth  California... 

Colorado 

First  Connecticut... 
Second  Connecticut. 

Dakota 

Delaware 

Florida 

Second  Georgia 

Do..... 

Third  Georgia 

Idaho 

First  niinoia 

Second  Illinois 

Third  Illiu()is 

Foui'th  Illinois 

Fifth  Illinois 

Seventh  Illinois 

lOiizlith  Illinois 

Thirtcinth  Illinois.. 

First  ludiima 

Fourth  Indiana 

Sixth  Indiana 

Seventh  Iniliiina .... 

Tenth  Indiana 

Kle\  intli  Indiana... 

Second  Iowa 

Third  Iowa 

Fourt  h  Iowa 

Fifth  Iowa 

Kansas     

Secoud  Kentucky... 
Fifth  Kentucky 

Do 

Sixth  Kentucky 

Seventh  Kentucky  . 
Eijihlh  Kentucky... 
Ninth  Kentucky 


Albion  L.  !Morgan 

James  T.  Kaiiicr 

Thomas  Cordis 

Edw.ard  Wheeler 

Henry  if.  Cooper 

Chancellor  Haitson...... 

Amos  L.  Fi'o.st 

James  S.  Wolfe 

Joseph  Seidell 

Davul  F.  Holliater 

John  L.  PcuDin;;tou 

James  Melntiio 

Dennis  Eagau 

Andrew  Claik 

Walter  H.  Johnson 

Edward  C.  Wado 

KonelloW.  Berry 

Joel  D.  Ilarvoy  ." 

Lucion  IJ.  Crookcr 

Albert  Woodcock 

Kichard  Rowett 

Howard  Knowles 

John  W.  Hill 

Jonathan  Merriam 

Jonathan  C.  Willis 

James  C.  Veatch 

WillCumback 

Frederick  Baggs 

Dclos  W.  Miushall 

George  Moon 

John  F.  Wildmaii 

John  W.  Gnen 

James  E.  Simpson 

John  Connell 

Lampson  V.  Shornum 

John  C.  Caqx'uter 

William  A.  Stuart 

William  S.  Wilsou 

Lcnvis  Buekner 

John  W.  Finnell 

Annstcd  M.  Swopo 

William  J.  Landram 

John  £.  Blaiuo 


3, 


10, 


$73,  504  25 

67,  028  67 

45,  464  31 

32,  079  92 

76,  9r.9  44 

814,692  80 

312,484  65 

247,  264  09 

263,811  8.3 

301,  989  45 

67,  436  83 

350,  906  37 

280,227  32 

241,404  76 

22,  589  46 

95,  .'Kie  66 

31,  908  27 

406,  026  54 

261,351  75 

676.  981  44 

247,764  7.1 

267,  !)88  65 

75,  5P5  53 

•JL'9,1.V{  2C 

827,  555  43 

2'.3,  745  94 

459,301  35 

1(54,  648  03 

306,  004  77 

196,  885  66 

104,111  19 

421,  3S0  23 

321,  618  32 

184,  738  .S7 

916, 167  32 

264,013  95 

g.'i.'N  021  75 

,019,227  83 

448,  493  91 

,43:.,  or)H  55 

,  2.«1.^61  30 
i;jl,70!)  30 
109,  GOO  64 


86 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING  THE 


Collection  districts. 


Name*  of  coUectora. 


Apirrpfjate  col- 
lectioua. 


Lo;i  isianiv 

Maine 

Third  Mary  land 

Fourtli  Maryland 

Tliird  MaHsixliiiscttH 

IMI'Mi  Massiiciinsdds 

Teul li  M as.sachusclts 

yirst  Miclu^;an 

Til i rd  M  ich i t;an 

Fourtli  Mii^lii^iau 

Sixth  Midi iLTiiu 

First  MiiiTu.sota 

Second  l^Iinucsota 

Mississippi —.. 

First  Missouri , 

Second  jMissomi 

Fourth  Missouri 

Fifth  Missouri 

Do 

Sixth  Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New  Hampshire 

Do 

First  New  Jei-aey 

Third  New  Jorsey 

Fifth  Now  Jersey 

New  Mexico 

First  New  York 

Second  Now  York 

Third  New  York 

Eleventh  New  York 

Twelfth  New  York 

Fourteenth  New  York 

Fifteenth  New  York 

Twenty-first  New  York 

Twenty-fourth  New  York 

Do 

Twenty-sixth  New  York 

Twenty-eighth  New  York 

Do 

Thirtieth  New  York 

Second  North  Carolina 

Fourth  North  Carolina 

Fifth  North  Carolina 

Sixth  North  Carolina 

Do 

First  Ohio 

Do 

Third  Ohio 

Fourth  Ohio 

Sixth  Ohio 

Do 

Seventh  Ohio 

Tenth  Ohio 

Eleventh  Ohio 

Fifteenth  Ohio 

Eighteenth  Ohio 

Oregon 

First  Pennsylvania 

Do 

Eighth  Pennsylvania 

Ninth  Pennsylvania 

Do 

Twelfth  Pennsylvania 

Fourteenth  Pennsylvania 

Sixteenth  Pennsylvania 

Nineteenth  Pennsylvania 

Twentieth  Pennsylvania 

Twentv-second  Pennsylvania . 
Do 

Twenty-third  Pennsylvania... 

Rhode  Island 

Sout  h  Carolina 

Second  Tennessee 

Fifth  Tennessee 

Eighth  Tennessee 

First  Texas 

Third  Texas 

Fourth  Texas 

Do 

Utah - 


Morris  Marks 

Franklin  J.  Rollins 

Kohert  M.  Proud 

AVelistor  Bruce 

Charles  W.  Slack 

Cliailes  C.  Dame 

Kdward  li.  Tinker 

Luther  S.  I'rowhridgo 

Harvey  Ti.  llowlson 

Slunian  S.  Bailey 

Hcmry  C.  liipley 

Albeit  C.  Wedgo 

William  Bickel 

James  Hill 

Isaac  H.  Sturgeon 

Alonzo  B.  Carroll 

Kynd  E.  Lawder 

David  n.  Budlong 

Bryan  TI.  Langston 

Philip  Do]. j.ler 

Tliouias  P.  Fuller 

Lorenzo  Crounso 

Frederick  C.  Lord 

Andrew  H.  Young 

Henry  M.  Putney 

William  P.  Tatem 

Culver  Barcalow 

Robert  B.  Hathorn 

Gustavus  A.  Smith 

Rodney  C.  Ward 

Marshall  B.  Blake 

Max  AVeber , 

Moses  T>.  Stivers 

Jason  M.  Joliuson 

Ralph  P.  Lathrop 

Thomas  Stevenson 

James  C.  P.  Kincaid. ........ 

John  B.  Strong , 

James  Chivei ton  (acting).... 

Benjamin  De  Voe 

Burt  Van  Horn , 

Henry  S.  Pierce , 

Frederick  Buell , 

Elihu  A.  AVhite 

Isaac  J.  Young .. 

George  B.  Everitt 

John  J.  Mott 

Thomas  N.  Cooper 

Amor  Smith,  ir 

William  H.  Taft 

Robert  WilHama,  jr 

Robert  P.  Kennedy 

James  Piirsell 

George  P.  Dunham 

Charles  C.  Walcutt 

Clark  Waggoner 

Marcus  Boggs 

Jewett  Palmer 

Worthy  S.  Strea;tor 

John  C.  Cart  Wright 

James  Ashworth 

William  J.  Pollock 

Joseph  T.  Valentine 

Thomas  A .  "Wiley 

Andrew  J.  Kaullman 

Edward  H.  Chase 

Charles  J.  Bruner 

Edward  Scull 

Charles  !M.  Lynch 

James  C.  Brown 

Thomas  W.  Davis 

Frank  P.  Case 

John  M.  SuUivan 

Elisha  n.  Rhodes 

EUery  M.  Braytou 

James  M.  Melton 

William  M.  Woodcock 

Robert  F.  Patterson 

William  H.  Sinclair 

Benjamin  C.  Ludlow 

Tlioodore  Hitehcox  (acting) . 

William  Umbdenstock 

O  vando  J.  Hollister 


$918,899  19 

85,259  83 

2,  662,  009  47 

160,  228  81 

1,601,844  13 

yya,  9i9  13 

401,  .'•.95  81 

1,  362,  945  87 
273,  718  46 
164,  576  96 
201,949  76 
125,071  40 
403,420  54 

94,  008  90 
6, 186,  922  72 

65,  405  90 
501,  8,33  39 

15.4.54  84 
13?,  281  C2 
634,  589  47 

68,  001  31 
1, 108, 191  15 

49, 103  93 
236, 429  79 
113,512  25 
305,  040  48 
4.")9,  988  40 
4,  686,  604  72 

55,  903  38 

2,  984,  084  80 
4,206,252  54 
6,  762,  211  18 

180,625  31 

627,  261  92 

620,  596  47 

346,  397  30 

333,264  94 

158,  399  55 

311,457  50 

386,  550  60 

882,  940  24 

251,  600  89 

1, 403,  396  85 

62, 163  24 

1,  022,  309  00 

1, 274,  767  96 

466,  823  71 

41,  350  61 

8,611,983  49 

3,316,270  35 

1,  621,  593  77 

475,913  53 

195,  905  86 

104,  369  47 

7U0,  260  02 

1,  021, 133  71 

1,216,251  21 

201,528  11 

894,  059  79 

88,  079  82 

1, 702,  832  12 

1,308,486  21 

689,  758  24 

1,  337,  955  89 

112,  764  12 

423, 128  51 

242,  351  75 

258.  917  37 

144, 726  27 

101,  605  53 

1,  063.  295  49 

622,  130  29 

767. 154  44 

2J9,  2."8  48 

119,  099  79 

118,  312  99 

777,  590  72 

101,  824  29 

87,  434  96 

84,  372  68 

11,552  43 

75,  072  86 

48,  523  08 


EEPOET  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


87 


Collection  districts. 

Names  of  collectors. 

Aggregate  col- 
lections. 

«56,444  58 
1,010,  101  04 

Oti.s  H.  Kussill 

2, 144,  88e  37 

Fourth  Vii'Kiuia 

1,  006,  673  36 

Fifth  Virginia 

1,740,3-4  41 
234,273  12 

Sixth  Viricinia 

Beverly  B.  Botts 

"Washington 

40,  202  57 

First  West  Virginia , 

Isaac  H.  Duval m... ........'........ 

366,  323  15 

Second  West  Virginia 

135,  953  41 

First  Wisconsin 

2,  560,  6^8  30 
198,  570  39 

Second  Wisconsin..... .„      ........ 

Henry  Ilamden — ... 

Third  Wisconsin 

15,  065  01 

Do 

Howard  M.  Kutchin ...^... 

Hiram  E.KoUpv 

243,  238  52 

Sixth  Wisconsin 

87,  524  77 

Do 

87,  428  23 

20,385  65 

Total  from  collectors 

13«,  954, 165  02- 

Cash  receipts  from  sale  of  adhesive  stamps. 

7,  569, 108  70 

Af^gregate  receipts ... ...... ........   

146  523,  273  72 

ACCOUNTABILITY  FOR  THE  PUBLIC  FUNDS.  / 

The  entire  amount  thus  collected  was  promptly  covered  into  the 
Treasury  without  loss.  Dnriug  the  past  six  fiscal  years  the  sum  of 
$748,834,071.02  has  been  collected  from  internal-revenue  taxation  and 
paid  into  the  Treasury  without  any  loss  by  defalcation. 

COST   OF  COLLECTION. 

The  cost  of  collection  for  the  past  fiscal  year,  distributed  among  the 
different  items  of  approx)riation,  was  apxn'oximately  as  follows  : 

For  salaries  and  expenses  of  collectors,  including  pay  of  deputy  col- 
lectors, clerks,  «fcc $1, 9d0, 790  88 

For  salaries  and  expenses  of  revemio  agents,  finrveyors  of  distilleries, 

gangers,  storekeepers,  and  miscellaneous  expenses *  2, 2oG,  318  37 

For  stamps,  paper,  and  dies 565,026  28 

For  expenses  of  detecting  and  punishi  ng  violations  of  internal-revenue 
la^vs 55, 015  95 

For  salaries  of  officers,  clerks,  and  employes  in  the  office  of  Coinmia- 
eioner  of  Internal  Revenue 2.'>3, 330  00 

Total 5,107,481  48 

The  total  expenses  (including  the  ex[)euses  of  this  ofiSce)  will  be 
found,  on  final  adjustment,  to  be  less  tluin  3.^  per  cent,  on  the  amount 
collected.  The  expt'uses  of  collection  for  the  last  six  years  hnve  been 
about  $27,087,300,  or  about  3.G  percent  on  the  amount  collected.  Thia 
sum  has  been  disbursed  without  loss  to  the  government. 

•  •«#*•• 

GENERAL   CONDITION  OF   THE  SERVICE. 

The  condition  of  the  service  is  all  that  can  be  desired.  The  reports 
of  the  inspecting  officers  show  that  an  admirable  eftprit  de  corjp»  actuates 
every  officer  in  the  performance  of  his  duties. 

I  desire  to  extend  my  thanks  to  the  officers  of  internal  revenue 
throughout  the  country  for  their  zeal  and  energy  in  bringing  about  this 
result.  The  thanks  of  this  ofiicc  are  also  due  to  the  United  States  mar- 
shals for  their  hearty  co-operation  with  the  iuterual-revenue  officers  in 
enforcing  the  laws. 

*  This  item  is  liable  to  be  slightly  increased  by  the  paynuiit  of  a  few  accounts  not 
yet  adjusted. 


88  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

DISTILLED   SPIRITS  IN  BOND. 

Some  months  ago  many  of  the  leading  sweet-mash  distillers  made  an 
arrangement  for  a  reduction  of  tlie  producing  capacity  of  their  distil- 
leries, and  for  limiting  the  manufacture  of  their  line  of  distilled  spirits 
to  the  demands  of  the  trade.  They  have  recently  been  followed  by  a 
large  number  of  sour-mash  distillers  with  a  somewhat  similar  arrange- 
ment. The  effect  will  be  to  cut  down  the  production  of  all  classes  of 
distilled  spirits  to  the  demands  of  the  trade. 

On  the30thdayofJune,1882,thespiritsremaimngin  warehouses  reached 
the  highest  point,  namely,  89,962,645  gallons.  Since  that  time  there  has 
been  a  gradual  reduction  in  the  amount  remaining  in  warehouses,  and 
on  the  1st  day  of  November,  1882,  the  amount  was  84,628,331  gallons. 
This  largo  stock  mainly  consists  of  fine  grades  of  whisky,  the  tax  upon 
.which  will  fall  due  from  month  to  month  until  the  last  withdrawal, 
which  must  be  made  November  6,  1885. 

If  the  future  demand  for  this  class  of  goods  is  to  be  judged  of  by  the 
withdrawals  of  similar  goods  tax-paid  during  the  past  few  years,  the 
stock  now  on  hand  is  equal  to  six  years'  consumption.  To  postpone  the 
payment  of  the  tax  on  this  stock  until  its  withdrawal  is  required  by  the 
demands  of  trade,  a  movement  has  been  set  on  foot  for  its  exportation 
and  reimportation,  and  storage  in  customs  bonded  warehouses.  This  is 
entirely  practicable  under  exisiting  laws,  and  it  becomes  a  question 
whether  it  would  not-be  better  to  afford  by  legislation  the  relief  sought 
to  be  obtained  by  this  indirect  means.  An  extension  of  the  bonded 
period  for  a  reasonable  time  need  notimpair  the  security  of  the  govern- 
ment for  its  taxes,  and  would  in  no  manner  tend  to  reduce  the  income 
of  the  government  from  this  source  of  revenue  which  has  up  to  this 
period  resulted  from  the  natural  laws  of  trade  and  the  demand  for  dis- 
tilled spirits  for  consumption.  By  this  means  the  expenses  of  transpor- 
tation both  ways  and  custom-house  charges  abroad  would  be  saved. 

THE  ENFORCEMENT  OF  THE  LAWS. 

It  affords  me  great  pleasure  to  report  that  the  supremacy  of  the  laws 
of  the  United  States  for  the  collection  of  its  internal  revenues  has  been 
established  in  all  parts  of  the  country.  Frauds  in  the  manufacture  and 
sale  of  whisky  and  tobacco  in  the  districts  where  they  have  hitherto 
most  prevailed  have  become  the  exception  rather  than  the  rule.  There 
is  no  longer  organized  resistance  to  the  authority  of  the  government, 
the  people  render  obedience  to  the  laws,  and  the  taxes  are  collected 
without  unnecessary  friction  and  with  but  little  litigation.  To  maintain 
this  favorable  condition  of  things  and  to  prevent  the  recurrence  of 
frauds  it  will  be  necessary  to  continue  the  system  of  careful  policing 
whicb  has  brought  about  this  result. 

I  have  to  record  with  extreme  regret,  as  signalizing  the  closing  hours 
of  the  long  struggle  maintained  against  the  enforcement  of  the  internal- 
revenue  laws,  the  murder  of  Deputy  Collector  James  M.  Davis,  near 
McMinnville,  Tenn.,  in  March  last.  Captain  Davis  was  one  of  the 
bravest  and  most  efficient  officers  engaged  in  the  suppression  of  illicit 
distilling.  Whilst  on  his  way  from  court  he  was  waylaid  on  the  public 
highway  in  broad  daylight  by  ten  or  more  assassins,  concealed  behind 
an  ambush  of  logs  and  bushes  specially  constructed  for  the  purpose,  and 
was  deliberately  murdered  under  circumstances  of  peculiar  atrocity  whilst 
bravely  defending  himself  to  the  last.  The  place  where  this  crime  was 
committed  is  in  the  midst  of  a  well-settled  country.  There  is  circum- 
stantial evidence  that  the  assassination  was  plotted  in  a  place  of  public 


REPORT   OF   THE    SECRETARY    OF  THE   TREASURY.  89 

resort  not  far  from  the  seeue  of  the  murder.  Citizens  rode  by  whilst 
Davis's  body  was  still  warm  and  before  his  slayers  were  fairly  out  of 
sight,  yet,  though  liberal  rewards  have  been  offered  for  the  detection 
and  arrest  of  the  criminals,  no  evidence  has  yet  been  obtained  upon 
which  an  arrest  could  be  based. 

3  PENSIONS  TO  WIDOWS  AND   ORPHANS  OF  OFFICERS  KILLED. 

The  successful  close  of  the  struggle  to  establish  and  maintain  the 
internal-revenue  laws  of  the  United  States  is  in  my  opinion  a  fitting 
occasion  to  renew  the  recommendation  in  my  last  report  for  the  grant- 
ing of  pensions  to  persons  disabled  while  engaged  in  enforcing  said 
laws,  and  to  the  widows  and  orphans  of  officers  killed  in  the  discharge 
of  their  duty.  The  service  in  which  these  officers  were  engaged  was  par- 
ticularly hazardous.  No  alternative  being  left  except  to  meet  force  with 
force,  they  were  armed  by  the  government  with  breech-loading  carbines 
to  protect  themselves  against  the  assaults  of  those  who  resisted  its  au- 
thority. In  this  struggle  thirty-one  officers  and  employes  have  been 
killed  and  sixty-four  wounded.  I  respectfully  submit  that  these  wounded 
officers  and  the  widows  and  orphans  of  those  who  have  been  slain  have 
a  just  claim  upon  the  bounty  of  the  government,  and  I  earnestly  recom- 
mend early  legislation  upon  the  subject. 


TERM  OF  OFFICE  OF  COLLECTORS. 

I  have  the  honor  to  again  recommend  that  a  law  be  passed  fixing  the 
term  of  office  for  collectors  of  internal  revenue  at  four  years,  and  I  fur- 
ther recommend  that  said  law  shall  provide  that  collectors  of  internal 
revenue  shall  not  be  subject  to  removal  except  for  such  causes  as  are 
designated  in  said  law.  I  am  satisfied  that  the  incorporation  into 
the  civil  service  of  the  j)rinciple  of  a  fixed  term  and  removal  for  cause 
only,  would  result  in  a  marked  improvement  in  the  public  service,  and 
would  meet  what  seems  to  me  a  just  and  growing  demand  of  public 
opinion. 

FIXED  SALARIES  FOR  UNITED   STATES  MARSHALS  AND  DISTRICT  AT- 
TORNEYS. 

1  respectfully  call  attention  to  the  remarks  under  this  head  in  my  last 
annual  report,  and  again  recommend  legislation  in  accordance  with  the 
recommendation  therein  contained. 

REDEMPTION  OF  STAMPS. 

I  renew  the  recommendation  made  in  my  last  two  reports  that  that 
portion  of  section  17  of  the  act  of  March  1,  1879,  which  prohibits  the 
redemption  of  stamps  unless  the  same  are  presented  within  three  years 
after  their  purchase  from  the  government  or  a  government  agent  for 
the  sale  of  stamps,  be  repealed. 

LEGISLATION  CONCERNING  MANUFACTURE  OF  VINEGAR. 

I  also  renew  the  recommendation  made  in  previous  reports  for  the 
passage  of  a  law  prohibiting  the  manufacture  of  vinegar  by  the  alco- 


90  TAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 

holic  vaporiziiif;  process  provided  for  in  section  5  of  tl»e  act  of  March 
1,  187!),  or  sul)iuctin<>:  vincffar  factories  nsiii^  the  vaporiziiifj:  jn-ocess  to 
the  supervision  of  a  ^overninent  storekeei)er,  and  to  a  certain  extent 
to  other  safe},'uards,  as  now  required  in  the  case  of  distillc^rs  of  sj»irits. 
Further  exi)erieiico  only  conhrnis  the  opinion  which  I  have  Itcretofore 
expressed  of  the  necessity  for  the  indicated  lefjislation  for  tlie  protec- 
tion of  the  revenue  from  dangerous  frauds.  Shoukl  it  be  deemed  best 
to  continue  tlie  present  system,  under  suitable  safeguards,  it  might  be 
well  to  make  such  additional  provisions  as  will  permit  the  manufact- 
urer to  fully  avail  himself  of  the  right  to  condense  alcoholic  vapor  with- 
out the  waste  of  material  incident  to  the  present  ])rocess.  The  compeu- 
Bation  of  store-keeper,  if  provided,  should  be  reimbursed  to  the  govern- 
meut  by  the  manufacturer. 

EXAMINATION  OF  GLUCOSE  AND  METHYLATED   SPIRITS. 

At  the  request  of  the  Committee  of  Ways  and  Means  of  the  House 
of  Eepreseutatives  I  am  having  an  examination  made  of  a  number  of 
samples  of  glucose,  both  dry  and  sirup,  for  the  purpose  of  testing  its 
saccharine  qualities  and  liealthfulness. 

Tests  are  also  being  made  of  methylated  spirits  to  determine  whether 
alcohol  mixed  with  wood  naphtha  can  be  restored  to  its  original  purity. 
These  experiments  are  being  made  by  the  Academy  of  Sciences,  and  re- 
ports are  now  expected,  when  they  will  be  transmitted  for  the  informa- 
tion of  the  committee. 

MISCELLANEOUS  EXPENSES. 

The  act  of  Congress  approved  March  3, 1881,  making  provision  for  the 
legislative,  executive,  and  judicial  expenses  for  the  year  ending  June 
30, 1882,  required  the  Commissioner  of  Internal  Eevenue  to  make  a  de- 
tailed statement  of  all  miscellaneous  expenditures  in  the  Bureau  of  In- 
ternal Eevenue,  for  which  appropriation  was  made  in  that  act.  In  ac- 
cordance with  the  aforesaid  requirement,  I  submit  the  followiug  detailed 
statement  of  miscellaneous  expenses  incurred: 

Express  on  public  money  to  depositories $7,040  51 

Stationery  for  internal-revenue  officers 17, 980  10 

Internal-Revenue  Record  for  internal-revenue  officers 2,409  80 

Telegrapliing 1,139  77 

Compensation  of  United  States  attorneys  in  internal-revenue  cases,  under 

sections  827  and  838,  Revised  Statutes 4,555  60 

Locks  for  distilleries 3, 922  50 

Hydrometers  for  use  in  gauging  spirits 5, 73G  20 

Gaugiiig-rods  for  standard-test  gauging,  »S:c 157  45 

Alcohol  for  scientitic  tests - 82  19 

Expenses  of  seizure  and  sales  by  collectors 889  04 

Coin  scales  for  use  in  collectors'  offices 100  40 

Traveling  expenses  of  clerks  under  special  orders  of  tbe  department 1, 103  93 

Kent  of  offices  leased  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  in  New  York  City  for 

the  collector  of  the  second  district 4,999  96 

Total 50,177  45 

EXPENDITURES   FOR    THE    DISCOVERY'  AND  PUNISHMENT    OP  FRAUD. 

In  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  the  act  making  the  appropria- 
tion, the  followiug  detailed  statement  of  expenditures  from  the  appro- 
priation for  detecting  and  bringing  to  trial  and  punishment  persons 
guilty  of  violating  the  internal-revenue  laws  is  submitted. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


91 


Amount  expended  tlironsh  collectors  of  internal  revenue  in  the  em- 
])loymeiJt  of  persons  for  tlie  detection  of  fruu<ls,  and  for  information 
leading  to  the  discovery  of  frauds,  and  punishment  of  guilty  persons, 
as  follows: 


Xame. 


Era.\-ton.  EM 

Ulaiiif,  JotiU  K 

Cliiik,  Aiulrcw  ... 

Coopi'V,  n.  M 

Dnval,  I.  H 

Eveiitt,  G.  B 

Engan,  Dennis 

Harvev,  J.  L) 

Hait80D,  C 

Johnson,  W.  H  ... 
Laudi-am,  W.  J  ... 

W')tt,  J.J    

Melton,  J.  M 

Patterson,  U.  F... 

Pollock,  W.J 

Rives,  J.H 

Kapler,  J.  T 

Stuart,  W.  A 

Simpson,  J.  K 

Wilson,  W.  S 

"Woodcock,  W.  M. 

Wade,  E.  C 

Ycung,  I.  J 


Total  di*bur«ed  by  collectors  . 


District. 


Sooth  Carolina 

Kintti  Kt'utueky 

S(-c<  >ii<l  Georgia 

Arkansas 

Fii.st  West  Virginia  .... 
Fifth  North  Carulina  . . 

Florida 

First  niinois 

Fu-st  California 

Second  Georgia 

EiKhlli  Kentucky 

Sixth  North  Carolina. . . 

Second  Tenuesspe 

Ki^lith  Tenne.-jsee 

First  Pennsylvania 

Fifth  Virjrinia 

Second  A  labama 

Second  Kentucky 

Third  Iowa 

Fifth  Kentucky 

Fifth  Tennessee 

Third  Georgia 

Fourth  North  Carolina. 


Amount. 


3CC  00 
178  00 
63C  00 
45  00 
44  00 
151  86 
295  91 
38  9C 
15  00 
104  00 
189  00 
408  00 
151  00 
263  30 
251  00 
549  50 
471  50 
53  00 
50  00 
2".8  20 
404  55 
285  00 
263  00 


10,  471  78 


Amount  expended  for  like  purpose  through  revenue  agents 
lows : 


as  fol- 


Kame. 


Amoont. 


Brooks,  A.  H 

Blocker,  O.  H 

Chapman,  W.  H 

Crane,  A.  M. , 

Creamer,  M.  H 

Bowlini:,  P.  H 

Eldridfie,  C.  W 

Grimeson.  T.J 

Hale,  J.H 

Kinnev,  T.J 

Kellogg,  n 

Mever,  F 

McCoy,  J.B 

Packard,  J 

Rauni,  J.M 

Sonierville,  William. 

Spaulding,  T).  I) 

Trdcic,T.  C  

Thrasher.  L.  A 

Trumbull.  J.  L 

Webster,  E.T> 

Wilson,  G.  W 

Wheehr,  J.  C 

Wagner,  J , 


$7,724  60 
609  63 

1,  208  88 
108  50 
3.12  20 

1,  475  22 
3h9  63 

1,  121  50 
104  00 

1,186  94 
800  95 

1,  645  80 

5  50 

2,  318  44 
1,441  54 
4,  175  48 

1  50 

683  75 

2, 122  CI 

178  20 

I,  rJ4  98 

721  '>5 

56  00 

237  25 


Total  disbursed  by  revenue  agents  . 


i      30,  U54  65 

§10,471 

78 

30.  th-.4  65 

5,  ItlJ 

'27 

•SOH 

•if) 

n.r.Hi 

(10 

Aniomit  expended  by  collectors 

Anionnt  exi»eiidf'd  liy  reveutie  ageiit.s.. 

Rewards  luidcr  circular  No.  iK) 

Kewnrd.s  under  circular  of  March  10,  1." 
Wiscullaucoiis 


Total |a!i,015  'Jo 


92  '  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

The  accounts  for  expenditures  under  this  appropriation  are  rendered 
monthly,  with  an  itemized  statement,  and  in  all  cases  supported  by  sub- 
vouchers  duly  sworn  to.  These  accounts  pass  through  all  the  account- 
ing offices  of  the  Treasury  Department,  and  are  filed  in  the  Kegister's 
Oifice. 

ESTIMATED  EXPENSES  FOR  NEXT  FISCAL  YEAR. 

I  estimate  the  expenses  of  the  Internal-Eevenue  Service  for  the  fiscal 
year  ending  June  30,  1884,  as  follows. 

For  salaries  aud  expenses  of  collectors $2,100,000  00 

For  salaries  aud  expenses  of  thirty-five  revenue  agents,  for  surveyors, 
for  fees  and  expenses  of  gaugers,  for  salaries  of  storekeepers,  and  for 

miscellaneous  expenses 2, 300, 000  00 

For  dies,  paper,  and  stamps 500, 000  00 

For  detecting  and  bringing  to  trial  and  punishment  persons  guilty  of 
violating  the  internal-revenue  laws,  including  payment  for  informa- 
tion and  detection 75,000  00 

For  salaries  of  officers,  clerks,  and  employes  in  the  office  of  the  Com- 
missioner of  Internal  Revenue 299, 190  00 

Total 5,274,190  00 

******* 

TOBACCO. 

The  total  amount  of  collections  from  tobacco  for  the  fiscal  vear  ended 
June  30, 1882,  was  $47,391,988.91.  This  amount  includes  the  collections 
of  internal-revenue  taxes  imposed  upon  imported  manufactured  tobacco, 
snuff,  and  cigars  (in  addition  to  customs  duties) ;  the  taxes  imposed  on 
domestic  manufactured  tobacco,  snuff,  aud  cigars;  the  special  taxes 
paid  by  manufacturers  of  tobacco,  snuff,  and  cigars ;  the  special  taxes 
paid  by  dealers  in  leaf  and  dealers  in  manufactured  tobacco ;  special 
taxes  paid  by  peddlers  of  manufactured  tobacco ;  and  it  also  includes 
the  receipt  of  money  for  export  stamps  sold  to  exporters  of  tobacco. 

The  collections  from  the  several  sources  above-named  for  the  last  fis- 
cal year  exceed  those  of  the  fiscal  year  immediately  preceding  by  the 
sum  of  $4,536,997.60. 

RECEIPTS  FROM  TOBACCO  AND  SNUFF. 

Manufactured  tobacco,  at  16  cents  per  pound |i25,032, 372  19 

Manufactured  tobacco,  at  24  cents  per  pound 1,369  78 

Snuff,  at  16  cents  per  pound 778,650  87 

Total  for  year  ended  June  30,  1882 25,812,392  84 

Total  for  year  ended  June  30,  1881 23,522,470  63 

Increase  in  collections  on  tobacco  and  snuff 2, 289, 922  21 

Of  this  increase  $2,200,454.37  was  on  chewing  and  smoking  tobacco, 
and  $89,467.84  on  snuff. 

RECEIPTS  FROM  CIGARS  AND   CIGARETTES. 

Cigars  taxed  at  $6  per  thousand $18,245,852  37 

Cigarettes  taxed  at  §1.75  per  thousand 969,580  30 

Cigarettes  taxed  at  $6  per  thousand 2,939  80 

Total  collections  for  year  ended  June  30,  1832 19, 218, 422  47 

Total  collections  for  year  ended  June  30,  1881 17,  038,706  00 

Increase  in  collections  from  cigars  and  cigarettes 2, 129, 716  47 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.      93 
OTHER  COLLECTIONS. 

Receipts  from  export  stamps  sold  year  emled  June  30,  1882 §6, 554  40 

Receipts  from  export  stamps  sold  year  ended  Juno  30,  1881 6, 852  40 

Decrease  in  sale  of  export  stamps 298  00 

Dealers  in  manufactured  tobacco,  year  ended  June  30,  1832 32,094,536  21 

Dealers  in  manufactured  tobacco,  year  ended  Juno  30,  1881 1, 976, 071  55 

Increase  in  collections  from  dealers  in  manufactured  tobacco 118, 464  65 

Special  taxes,  manufiicturers  of  tobacco  and  cigars  in  1882 $152,622  14 

Special  taxes,  manufacturers  of  tobacco  and  cigars  in  1881 151,442  57 

Increase  special  taxes,  manufacturers  of  tobacco  and  cigars 1, 179  57 

Special  taxes,  peddlers  of  tobacco,  year  ended  June  30,  1882  $22,  875  22 

Special  taxes,  peddlers  of  tobacco,  year  ended  June  30,  1881 26,258  13 

Decrease  in  collections  from  peddlers  of  tobacco 3, 382  91 

Dealers  in  leaf  tobacco,  year  ended  June  30,  1882 $^4,585  63 

Dealers  in  leaf  tobacco,  year  ended  June  30,  1881 83, 190  03 

Increase  in  collections  from  dealers  in  leaf  tobacco 1.395  60 

COjNIPARISON  WITH  PRECEDING  YEAR. 

The  above  statement  shows  that  the  collections  made  during  the  fiscal 
year  ended  June  30, 1882,  were  in  excess  of  those  made  during-  the  fiscal 
year  ended  June  30,  1881,  with  two  exceptions,  to  wit,  export  stamps, 
$298.00,  and  peddlers,  $3,382.91,  aggregating  $3,680.91.  The  increases 
were: 

From  specific  taxes : 

Tobacco  and  snuff $2,289,922  21 

Cigars  and  cigarettes 2, 129,716  47 

From  special  taxes : 

Dealers  in  manufactured  tobacco 118,464  66 

Manufacturers  of  tobacco  and  cigars 1, 179  57 

Dealers  in  leaf  tobacco 1,  395  60 

Total  increase  of  collections $4,540,678  51 

Deduct  decrease  of  collections 3,  680  91 

Net  increase  of  collections 4,536,997  60 

PRODUCTION  OF  MANUFACTURED  TOBACCO,  CIGARS,  ETC. 

The  production  of  tobacco,  snufif  and  cigars  for  the  fiscal  year  ended 
June  30,  1882,  as  shown  from  the  several  quantities  removed  for  con- 
sumption on  payment  of  tax,  together  with  the  quantities  removed  in 
bond  for  export,  is  as  follows: 

Ponnds. 

Tobacco  taxed  at  16  cents  per  pound 156,452,326 

Tobacco  taxed  at  24  cents  per  pound 5, 707 

Snull  taxed  at  16  cents  per  pound 4,866,568 

Total  quantity  removed  for  consumption 161, 324, 601 

Tobacco  and  snuff  removed  for  exportation 10,  829,215 

Total  apparent  production 172, 153,816 

Total  apparent  product,  year  ended  June  30,  1881 157,699,876 

Increase  of  production 14, 453, 940 


94  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

PRODUCTION  OF  CIGARS  AND  CIGARETTES. 

Jsnmoer. 

Cigars,  cheroots,  &c.  taxed  at  $i)  per  thousand 3, 040,  l>7r,,  ;W5 

CigarotttiH  taxod  at  $1.75  ])cr  thoiiHand  054, 045, «>i6 

CigarcttcH  taxc^d  at  $(>  per  tliouHaiid A'M,  1500 

CigarH  removed  in  bond  for  export '.i,  451,995 

Cigarotlea  removed  in  bond  for  export CA,  001,500 

Total  product  for  fiscal  year,  1882 3,<1(;2,973,  076 

Total  product  for  fiscal  year,  1881 3, '21)0, 404, 915 

Total  increase  of  production 372,  5G8, 161 

Of  this  increase  321,897,758  were  cigars  and  50,670,403  cigarettes. 

TOBACCO  AND  SNUFF  SOLD,  EXPORTED,  AND   ON  HAND. 

Ponnds. 

Tobacco  and  snuff  sold  during  1881 162,053  056i 

Tobacco  and  snuff  exported  during  1881 7,825, 646i 

Tobacco  and  snuff"  on  hand  January  1,  1882 1^,037,257 

Total 188,515,960 

Tobacco  and  snuff  manufactured  during  1881 172,467,238^ 

Accounted  for  in  excess  of  manufacture 16, 048, 721 J 

MATERIALS  USED. 

The  gross  amount  of  materials  used  in  the  manufacture  of  tobacco 
and  snuff  and  the  loss  in  course  of  manufacture,  for  the  calendar  year 
1881,  has  been  as  follows : 

Pounds. 

Materials  used  in  manufacturing  tobacco  and  snuff 221,002,  060| 

Tobacco  and  snuff  manufactured  and  in  process  out  of  this  material 180, 107,  000^ 

Diff'erenceor  apparent  loss  on  materials  used 40, 895,060J 

This  difference,  itemized,  is  as  follows : 

Pounds. 

Scraps  taken  out  of  the  leaf  tobacco  used 3, 585,  .570 

Stems  taken  out  of  the  leaf  tobacco  used 32, 192,354 

Loss  from  dirt,  dust,  shrinkage,  &c 5, 117, 136i 

Total  of  scraps  and  stems  taken  out  and  loss  from  dirt,  shrinkage,  &c .  40, 895,  060^ 
IMPORTED   CIGARS. 

The  cigars  imported  during  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1882,  as 
given  by  the  Bureau  of  Statistics,  were  as  follows  : 

Pounds. 

Aggregate  in  quantity 802,  872 

Of  this  quantity  there  were  exported 71,  295 

Leaving  to  bo  withdrawn  for  consumption 731,  577 

Allowing  13^  pounds  to  the  thousand  as  the  weight  of  imported  cigars,  the 

numl)er  woukl  be 54, 190,  889 

Number  withdrawn,  1881 40,092,667 

Increase  in  number  of  cigars  for  the  fiscal  year,  1882 14,  098,  222 

EXPORTATION  OF  MANUFACTURED  TOBACCO  AND  SNUFF  IN  BOND. 

The  quantities  of  tobacco  removed  and  unaccounted  for,  July  1,  1881, 
were  as  follows : 

Pounds.  Pounda. 

Bonds  in  the  bands  of  United  States  district  attorneys 17,  094 

Tobacco,  at  24  cents,  removed  under  exportation  bonds 33, 974 

Tobacco,  at  24  cents,  removed  under  transportation  bonds.  126,  312^ 
Tobacco,  at  16  cents,  removed  under  exportation  bonds.. .  830,  57(4 
Tobacco,  at  16  cents,  removed  under  transportation  bonds.        102, 515i 

1,110,472J 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.      95 

The  quantity  of  tobacco  removed  during  the  year  ended  June  30,  1882, 
TvaH: 

Tobacco  and  snufl',  at  IG  ccnta  per  pound  tax in,  .--ii),  215;^*^ 

10,829,215-,*^ 

ll,'J39,G8tfi^ 


The  quantities  of  tobacco  exported  and  accounted  for  during  the  year  were: 

Pounds.  Pounds. 

Tobacco,  at  24  cents  per  pound  tax lAi],7'.)0i 

Tobacco  and  snuff,  at  16  ceuts  per  pound  tax 10, 590,  GJO v^^ 

Tobacpo,  at  24  ceuts  per  i)Ound  tax  (tax  paid  on  deficien- 
cies)   240 

Tobacco  and  snuff,  at  16  cents  per  pound  tax  (tax  paid  on 

deficiencies) - —  1,057 

10,744,677}^ 

The  quantities  of  tobacco  remaining  unaccounted  for  June  30,  1882,  were: 

Pounds.  Founds. 

Bonds  in  the  hands  of  United  States  district  attorneys 17, 094 

Tobacco,  at  24  cents,  removed  under  exportation  bonds...  3,481 

Tobacco,  at  24  cents,  removed  under  transportation  bonds."  9, 835 

Tobacco  and  snuff,  at  16  ceuts,  removed  under  exportation 

bonds 1,050, 127^ 

Tobacco  and  snuff,  at  16  ceuts,  removed  under  transporta- 
tion bonds  84,473 

1 , 195, OlOi 

11.939,688i»ff 

The  quantity  of  tobacco  removed  from  manufactories  for  exportation 
during  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1882,  is  143,083  pounds  greater 
than  that  removed  during  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30, 1881.  The  num- 
ber of  cigars  is  725,020  greater;  and  of  cigarettes  is  20,338,440 greater. 
The  number  of  cigarettes  exported  in  1882  exceeds  the  number  exported 
in  1881  by  70  per  cent. 

In  this  connection  I  call  attention  to  the  following  paragraph  which 
appeared  in  my  reports  for  1880  and  1881,  and  renew  the  recommenda- 
tion contained  therein: 

It,  however,  appears  that  in  striking  out  a  portion  of  section  3385  Revised  Statutes, 
and  substituting  for  the  portion  stricken  out  the  amendatory  provisions  of  the  new 
law,  the  language  of  that  part  of  section  3385  relied  upon  as  autliorizing  the  exporta- 
tion of  tobacco,  snuff,  and  cigars  by  railroad  cars  and  otlu-r  land  (u)nveyances  was, 
through  inadvertence,  not  restored.  I  see  no  good  reasons  why  the  exportation  of 
these  articles  under  section 3385,  as  amended,  should  bo  confined  to  vessels,  and  I  would 
therefore  recommend  that  as  early  as  possible  in  the  next  session  of  Congress  the  law 
bo  amended  so  as  to  clearly  provide  for  the  exportation  of  tobacco,  snuff,  and  cigars  by 
railroad  or  other  land  conveyances. 

EXPORTATION  OF  CIGARS  AND   CIGARETTES  IN  BOND. 

The  number  of  cigars  and  cigarettes  removed  and  unaccounted  for  to  July  1,  1881, 
was: 

Number.        Number. 

Cigars,  at  |16  per  M  tax 81,450 

Cigarettes,  at  $1.75  per  M  tax 4, 153,000 

4,234,450 

The  number  of  cigars  and  cigarettes  removed  during  the  year  ended 
June  30,  1882,  was: 

Cigars,  at  $6  ]>cr  M  tax 3,451.905 

Cigarettes,  at  §1.75  per  M  tax 64,001,500 

07,453,405 

71,6e7,945 


96 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 


The  number  of  cigars  and  cigarettes  exported  and  accounted  for  during  the  year 
ended  Juno  30,  168-2,  was: 

Number.       Number. 

Cigars,  at  $(3  porM  tax 3,^00.895 

Cigarettes,  at  $1.75  per  M  tax 63,2'JS,000 

60,583,895 

The  number  of  cigars  and  cigarettes  remaining  unaccounted  for  June 

30,  1882,  was : 

Cigars,  at  $G  per  M 242,n.')0 

Cigarettes,  at  $1.75  per  M 4,856,500 

5,099,050 

71,687,945 


The  following:  statement  shows  the  quantities  of  tobacco  (including 
snuff)  removed  for  export  in  the  last  ten  years,  and  the  percentage  of 
production : 


Tear. 


Pounds  of  to- 
bacco  ex- 
ported. 


Percent- 
age of 
produc- 
tion. 


1873 
1874 
1875 
187C 
1877 
1878 
1879 
1880 
1881 
1882 


110,045 
800,  927 
179,  316 
434,  485 
335,  046 
581,  744 
034,  051 
808, 409 
686, 132 
829, 215 


8.  59-t- 
9.114- 
7.13-f 
7.87+ 
8.88+ 
8.89+ 
8.624- 
6.71+ 
6.61+ 
6.29+ 


DATE  OF  BONDS  REMAINING  UNACCOUNTED  FOR  JUNE  30,   1882. 

The  years  in  which  the  bonds  were  given  for  the  exportation  of  the 
tobacco,  snuff,  cigars,  and  cigarettes  remaining  unaccounted  for  by  the 
evidence  required  by  law  for  their  cancellation  on  June  30,  1882,  are  as 
follows,  viz: 


Tear. 

Tobacco. 

Cigars. 

Cigarettes. 

1S72       ^ 

Pounds. 
17,  094 

Number. 

Numbtr. 

1873 , 

1874    - 

1875                           

448 

1,  015 

361 

7,704 

49, 472 

62,  965 

117,979 

937,  972J 

1876                  

1877         

1878  ..  

1879      

32, 000 

1880 ; 

10,500 

10,  000 

222,  050 

6,000 

1881 

325, 000 

1882 

4, 493,  500 

Total 

1, 195,  OlOi 

242,  550 

4,  856, 50« 

REVIEW  OF  TAXATION  OF  TOBACCO. 

In  June,  1872,  a  uuiform  tax  of  20  cents  a  pound  was  imposed  on  all 
classes  of  manufactured  tobacco  except  snufl',  which  was  taxed  at  the 
rate  of  32  cents  a  pound.  In  187o  the  uuiform  tax  was  increased  from 
20  to  24  cents  a  pound  ;  and  in  March,  1S79,  the  tax  On  all  manufact- 
ured tobacco,  including  snuff,  was  reduced  to  IG  cents  a  pound.  In  1875 
the  tax  on  cigars  was  increased  from  $5  per  thou.sand  to  80,  and  the 
tax  on  cigarettes  from  $1.25  per  thousand  to  $1.73. 


REPORT  OP  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


97 


The  following  statement  shows  the  collections  from  special  and  spe- 
cific taxes  on  tobacco  of  all  descriptions,  including'  suutf,  cigars,  and 
cigarettes : 

Anaount  collected. 

1873 $34,386,303  09 

1874 33,242,875  62 

1875 37,303,461  88 

1876 3U,  795,  339  91 

1877 41,UH5,546  92 

1878 40,01)1,754  67 

1879 40,135,002  65 

1880 38,870,140  08 

1881 42,854,991  31 

1882 47,391,988  91 

Aggregate  collections 395,178,405  04 

Average  annual  collections 39,517,840  50 

Excess  of  collections  in  1882  over  average 7,874, 148  41 

The  collections  from  tobacco  of  all  descriptions,  including  snuff,  and 
number  of  pounds  thereof,  have  been  as  follows  : 


Tears. 


Collections. 


1873. 
1874. 
1875. 
1876. 
1877. 
1878. 
1879. 
3880. 
1881. 
1882. 


Total 


$23, 
21, 
25, 
26, 
28, 
26, 
25, 
21, 
28, 
25, 


858  22 
9.'.5  5!) 
759  51 
780  20 
767  90 
872  30 
010  25 
763  74 
470  63 
392  84 


Pounds. 


114,  789,  208 
107,  502,  548 
119,  435,  874 
107,  003,  516 
112,722,055 
10.5,  500,  736 
116,975,223 
132,  309, 527 
147,  013, 405 
161,324,601 


248,  571,  631  18  !     1,  224,  630,  693 


Averafre  annnal  collections $24,  857, 163  12 

Average  annual  quantity  tobacco  and  snuff  tax>paid pountl.t...      122,  463,  670 

The  collections  from  cigars,  cheroots,  and  cigarettes,  and  number  of 
cigars  and  cigarettes,  have  been  as  follows  : 


Tears. 

Collections. 

Kombor. 

]fi73 

$8,  040,  391  48 
9,  :).•):),  5'.r.'  21 

10,  2(1.''.,  8-J7  .'■..". 

11,  10.-.,  272  45 
11,001.278  1.-. 
11,719,220  .la 

12,  532,4. =i2  72 
14,  922.  Oi'K  88 
17,  08.><,  700  00 
19,  218,  422  47 

1,  807,  034,  646 

1,  886,  607,  498 
1,967,9.50,062 
1,900,227,982 
1,949,078,513 

2,  070,  2.53,  337 
2,  2.57,  523,  .581 
2,776,511,615 
3,2.-.0,M6,770 
3,59.1,419,581 

1874 

1875 

1876 

1877 

1878 

1879 

1880 

1881 

1882 

Total 

126, 127, 258  31 

23,  466,  723, 185 

A Tf>ra jro  annnal  collections |12, 612,  725.  83 

A vorago  number  cigars  tax-paid  annually 2,  346, 672,  3J0 

Tlie  large  increase  since  ISTSover  the  general  average  of  tlio  last  ten 
yrars  in  the  quantity  of  manufaetured  tobacco  and  nuinbors  of  cigar.s 
and  cigarettes  on  which  taxes  have  been  collected  is,  in  my  ojiinion,  to 
be  attributed  to  two  causes  : 

First.  The  improved  condition  of  llic  times,  whereby  all  are  enabled 
to  purchase  tobacco  or  cigars  who  desire  to  do  so. 
7  Ab 


98 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


Second.  The  supervision  exercised  over  the  entire  industry  and  the 
ncreased  vij;iUiuce  of  the  various  ollicers  of  the  service  in  detecting  and 
reporting-  all  cases  of  fraud,  and  holding  every  man  to  a  strict  compli- 
ance with  the  law. 

The  amount  collected  during  the  last  ten  years  inpayment  for  export 
stam])s  used  on  tobacco,  snuft;  and  cigars,  was  $08,010.30,  being  an  av- 
erage annual  payment  of  $0,801.03. 

The  aggregate  amount  paid  for  special-tax  stamps  by  manufacturers 
and  dealers  in  tobacco  during  the  last  ten  years  was  $20,410,005.25,  be- 
ing an  average  annual  payment  of  $2,041,000,52. 

LEAF  TOBACCO.  • 

The  annexed  tables  show  that  during  the  calendar  year  ISSl  the 
number  of  pounds  of  leaf  tobacco  consumed  in  the  manufacture  of 
tobacco,  snuff,  cigars,  clieroots,  and  cigarettes  was  as  follows: 

Pounds. 

Manufactured,  into  tobacco  and  snuff 170,079,013 

Made  into  cigars,  clieroots,  and  cigarettes 66, 425, 279 

Totalleaf  manufactured  in  1881 236,504,292 

Deduct  imported  leaf  used 11, 102,893 

DomesticleafusedinlBBl 225,401,399 

******* 

DISTILLED  SPIRITS  AND  MALT  LIQUORS. 

The  quantity  of  spirits  (105,853,101  gallons)  produced  and  deposited 
in  distillery  warehouses  during  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30, 1882,  was 
less  than  the  production  of  the  previous  year  (117,728,150  gallons)  by 
11,874,980  gallons. 

The  decrease  in  production  for  the  fiscal  year  1882  as  compared  with 
the  production  for  the  fiscal  year  1881  is  distributed  among  the  differ- 
ent varieties  known  to  tbe  trade  as  follows : 

Gallona. 
Decrease  in  production  of — 

Bourbon  whisky 4,056,948 

Eye  whisky 706,832 

Alcohol 7,787,293 

Rum 414,422 

High  wines 3,401,202 

Total. 16,366,702 

Gallons. 

Increase  in  production  of— 

Gin 19,538 

Pure  neutral  or  cologne  spirits 4,314,685 

Miscellaneous 157,490    4,491,713 


Net  decrease 11,874,989 

QUANTITY  OF  SPIRITS  RECTIFIED. 

The  following  statement  shows  the  number  of  proof-gallons  of  si>irits 
rectified  in  the  United  States  during  the  year  ended  April  30,  1882,  by 
collection  districts: 

Alabama 103, 466. 50 

Arizona 25,680.50 

First  district,  California  . .  1, 912, 841. 29 

Fourth  district,  California.  188, 841.  00 

Colorado 119,051.56 

First  district,  Connecticut.  33, 519. 28 
Second   district,  Connecti- 
cut   153,254.09 

Delaware 39,144.50 

Second  district,  (Georgia.. ,  323, 872. 00 


Third  district,  Georgia . . . .  720,  .536. 00 

Idaho 8,204..^.0 

First  district,  Illinois 4, 655, 6.')3. 67 

Second  district,  Illinois  ...  8, 221. 66 

Fourth  district,  Illinois . . .  191, 553. 50 

Fifth  district,  Illinois S-JS,  255.  00 

Eighth  district,  Illinois  ...  11, 707. 00 
Thirteenth     district,    Illi- 
nois    .-i9,091.00 

First  district,  Indiana 16, 580. 50 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


99 


district, 


New 


Fourth  district,  Indiana  . .  51, 878. 00 

Sixth  district,  Indiana 17,  'M]^.  87 

Seventh  district,  Indiana. .  38,  355.  50 

Tenth  district,  Indiana....  50, 821.  .^)0 

Second  district,  Iowa 5, 23'i.  00 

Third  district,  Iowa fio,  144.  00 

Fourth  district,  Iowa 44,  373. 50 

Kansas 11,370.71 

Second  district,  Kentucky  .  86, 513.  00 

Fifth  district,  Keutuckj' ..  1,  l.'yi,  874.  04 

Sixth  district,  Kentucky..  4, 220,  072.  52 

Seventh       district,      Ken- 

tuckv 9,291.00 

Louisiana 1,090,968.31 

Third  district,  Maryland..  3, 870, 056. 17 

Fourth  district,  Maryland.  9, 898. 50 

Tliird  district,  Massachu- 
setts    1,766,238.11 

Fifth  district,  Massachu- 
setts    29,333.00 

Tenth    district,  Massachu- 

gg^^g 3  797_  5Q 

First  district",  Michigan  . . .  299^  891.  00 

Fourth  district,  Mic^iigau.  33,843.25 

First  district,  Minnesota  ..  10, 971. 77 

Second  district,  Minnesota.  228, 253.  65 

First  district,  Missouri 3, 622, 993. 74 

Fourth  district,  Mi.ssouri ..  322. 50 

Sixth  district,  Missouri  ...  371,593.50 

Montana 1,:}80.50 

Nebraska 116,165.00 

Nevada 7,121.50 

New  Hampshire 14,030.00 

First  district,  New  Jersey  .  1, 908.  00 

Third  district.  New  Jersey  .  31, 134.  42 

Fifth  district,  New  Jersey.  121, 266. 50 

New  Mexico 

First  district,  New  York  . .  1 ,  200, 709.  75 

Second  district.  New  York.  6, 802, 236. 05 

Third  district.  New  York. .  702, 828.  34 
Eleventh      district,     Now 

York 980.50 

Fourteenth    district.   New 

York 444,322.90 

Fifteenth     district,      New 

York 21,968.00 

Twenty-first   district.  New 

York 51,828.19 

Twenty-fourth  district,  New 

York 201,420.00 

Twenty-sixth  district,  New 

York 9,986.00 

The  following  statement  sliows  the  mimber  of  proof-gallons  of  spirits 
rectified  iu  the  United  States  during  the  year  ended  April  30,  1882,  by 
States  and  Territories : 


Twenty-eighth 
New  York 

Thirtieth      district, 

York 

Fourth  di.strict,North  Caro- 
lina   

Sixth  district,  North  Caro- 
liua 

First  district,  Ohio 

Third  di.^trict,  Ohio 

Fourth  district,  Oliio 

Seventh  district,  Ohio 

Tenth  district,  Ohio 

Eleventh  district,  Ohio 

Fifteenth  district,  Ohio... 

Eighteenth  district,  Ohio.. 

Oregon  

First     district,      Pennsyl- 
vania   

Eighth    district,   Pennsyl- 
vania   

Ninth     district,     Pennsyl- 
vania   

Twelfth  district,  Pennsyl- 
vania   

Fourteenth  district,  Penn- 
sylvania   

Nineteenth  district,  Penn- 
sylvania  

Twenty-second 
Pennsylvania 

Twenty-third 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode  Island 

South  Carolina 

Fifth  district,  Tennessee  .. 

First  district,  Texas . 

Third  district,  Texas 

Fourth  district,  Texas  .... 

Utah 

Second  district,  Virginia.. 

Third  district,  Virginia  ... 

Sixth  district,  Virginia  ... 

First     district,  West    Vir- 
ginia  

First  district,  Wisconsin  .. 

Second  district,  Wisconsin. 

Third  district,  Wisconsin.. 


Total 59,810,407.45 


district, 
district, 


452. 661.  45 

071, 

981.  00 

29, 

183.  00 

38, 

926.  50 

10,541, 

030.  08 

48 

815. 50 

17 

661. 98 

41, 

772. 97 

345, 

290.  02 

26, 

524. 50 

18.60 

466, 

089.  50 

64, 

803.  00 

7,478, 

723.65 

161 

853.90 

96 

016.  00 

119 

549.  00 

0 

432. 48 

10 

405.  50 

913, 

002.25 

27 

679. 00 

35 

169.  00 

20 

500.  50 

277, 

117.00 

208 

162.  50 

8 

615. 00 

270.50 

29 

718.  00 

222 

906. 50 

367 

711.50 

94 

935. 00 

63 

854.  00 

1.24.5, 

169.  73 

36, 

313.  00 

31 

206.50 

Alabama 108,466.50 

Arizona 25,  OSO.  .50 

California 2, 10I,(;.S2.29 

Colorado 119,051.56 

Connecticut 191,773.37 

Delaware 3'J,  144.  .50 

Georgia 444,408.00 

Idaho 8,204. .50 

Illinois 5,749,4S1.83 

Indiana 175,  004.  37 

Iowa 114,749.-50 

Kansas 11,370.71 

Kentucky 5, 468, 750.  56 

Louisiana 1,090,968.31 


Maryland 3,879,954.67 

Massachusetts 1, 799,  372.  61 

Michigan 333,734.25 

Missouri 3,994,909.74 

Minnesota 239,225.42 

Montana ..  7,3*^0.50 

Nebraska 116, 165.  00 

Nevada 7,121.50 

New  Hauipshiro 14,  030.  00 

Ni'w  Jersey 154,368.92 

New  Mexico 

New  York 10,560,922.18 

North  Carolina 68,109.50 

Ohio 11, 487,203. 15 


100  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 


r)rof,'on c.i.po:?.  no 

rcmisvlvania 8,  810,  (itil.  7H 

ICliodo  Island :{;'),  Ki'.).  00 

BouMi  Carolina 20,  WK).  r,0 

Toniiossoo 277,117.00 

Texas 217,(M'S.OO 


lUah 20,718.00 

Virginia 6(;.5, 553.  00 

WoHt  Vir;;inia 68,854.00 

Wiacousin 1,312, 749. 23 


Total 59,810,407.45 

OPERATIONS  AT  DISTILLERY  WAREHOUSES. 

The  following  table  sliows  the  quantity  of  distilled  spirits  in  taxable 
pallons,  at  90  cents  per  gallon  tax,  placed  in  distillery  warehouses  dur- 
ing the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1882,  the  quantity  withdrawn  there- 
:froni  during  the  year,  and  the  quantity  remaining  therein  at  the  begin- 
ning and  close  of  the  year: 

Taxable  gallons. 

1.  Quantity  of  distilled  spirits  actually  remaining  in  warehouse  Jvlv  1. 

1881 .' ."...     04,648,111 

2.  Quantity  of  distilled  spirits  not  actually  i u  warehouse  claimed  to  have 

been  lost  by  casually 204,075 

3.  Quantity  of  distilled  spirits  withdrawn  for  exportation,  proofs  of  land- 

ing not  received 15,045,619 

4.  Quantity  of  distilled  spirits  withdrawn  for  transfer  to  manufacturing 

warehouse,  not  yet  received  at  warehouse 65,516 

5.  Quantity  of  distilled  sjiirits  produced  from  July  1,  1881,  to  June  30, 

1882 10.5,853,161 

Total 185,816,482 

6.  Distilled  spirits  withdrawn  tax -paid  (including  deficiencies  on  export 

bonds  and  casualties  disallowed) 70, 749, 880 

7.  Distilled  spirits  exported,  proofs  oif  landing  received 14,259,410 

8.  Distilled  spirits  allowed  for  loss  by  casualty 139,  377 

9.  Distilled  spirits  withdrawn  for  scientitic  purposes  aud  for  the  use  of 

the  United  States 14,048 

10.  Distilled  spirits  allowed  for  loss  by  leakage  or  evaiioration  in  ware- 

house        1,231,336 

11.  Distilled  spirits  allowed  for  loss  by  leakage  in  transportation  for  ex- 

port, &c 35,361 

12.  Distilled  spirits  withdrawn  for  transfer  to  and  received  at  manufac- 

turing warehouse 242,574 

13.  Distilled  spirits  withdrawn  for  exportation,  proofs  of  landing  not 

received 8,838,193 

14.  Distilled  spirits  withdrawn  for  transfer  to  manufacturing  warehouse, 

not  yet  received  at  warehouse 35, 9'J8 

15.  Distilled  spirits  not  actually  in  warehouse,  claimed  to  have  been  lost 

by  casualty 307, 730 

16.  Distilled  spirits  actually  remaining  in  warehouse  June  30,  1882 89,962  645 

Total 185,816,482 

The  quantity  of  spirits,  89;962,645  gallons,  actually  remaining  in  ware- 
house June  30,  1882,  is  the  quantity  as  shown  by  the  original  gauge  of 
each  package. 

The  quantity  of  spirits  withdrawn  from  distillery  warehouses  for 
exportation  during  the  year  was  8,092,725  gallons. 

DISTILLED   SPIRITS  ALLOWED  FOR  LOSS  BY  LEAKAGE   OR  EVAPORA- 
TION IN  WAREHOUSES. 

The  quantity  of  spirits,  1,231.336  gallons,  reported  in  the  preceding 
table  as  lost  by  leakage  or  evaporation  in  warehouse  is  that  portion  of 
the  actual  leakage  in  warehouse  from  packages  withdrawn  during  the 
year  which  has  been  allowed  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  sec- 
tion 17  of  the  act  of  May  28,  1880.  It  is  noted  that  in  most  cases  the 
quantity  allowed  by  the  law  has  covered  the  entire  loss,  so  that  the 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     101 

above  quantity  is  believed  to  indicate  ahnost  the  entire  loss  in  ware- 
honse  on  the  spirits  withdrawn  during  the  year,  except  in  cases  of  cas- 
ualty, and  may  be  safely  used  as  a  factor  in  computing  probable  losses 
on  spirits  in  distillery  warehouses. 

The  leakage  allowed  during  June,  1880,  was  75,831  gallons,  and  the 
quantity  allowed  during  the  year  ended  June  30, 1881,  was  811,400  gal- 
lons, making  the  total  allowances  to  July  1,  1882,  2,118,030  gallons. 

In  the  consideration  of  a  bill  to  amend  the  laws  relating  to  the  entry 
of  distilled  spirits  in  distillery  warehouses  and  special  bonded  ware- 
houses, and  the  withdrawal  of  the  same  therefrom  (H.  K.  5050,  Forty- 
seventh  Congress,  first  session),  the  question  arose  as  to  whether  the 
allowances  for  leakage  authorized  by  section  17  of  the  act  of  May  28, 
1880,  were  adequate  or  excessive. 

In  order  to  assist  in  determining  the  question,  a  large  number  of 
gangers'  reports  of  withdrawals  of  spirits  from  warehouse  was  exam- 
ined. The  examination  showed  that  under  ordinary  conditions  the 
quantity  lost  was  oftener  less  than  the  maximum  allowance  than  more 
than  the  maximum  allowance.  The  average  losses  in  cold  warehouses 
were  found  to  be  uniformly  less  than  the  maximum  allowances.  In 
heated  warehouses,  however,  the  average  loss  was  sometimes  found  to 
be  greater.  Upon  examination  of  gangers'  reports,  selected  at  random, 
covering  spirits  withdrawn  from  cold  warehouses,  it  was  found  that  the 
average  actual  loss  as  to  104  i)ackages  withdrawn  within  sixty  days 
after  deposit  in  warehouse,  i.  e.,  during  the  first  period  named  in  the 
law,  was  .90  of  the  maximum  allowed  by  the  law;  the  loss  as  to  140 
packages  withdrawn  during  the  second  period  was  .37  of  the  maximum 
allowance;  as  to  71  packages  withdrawn  during  the  third  period,  the 
loss  was  .53  of  the  maximum;  as  to  90  packages  withdrawn  during  the 
fourth  period,  the  loss  was  .09  of  the  maximum;  as  to  131  packages 
withdrawn  during  the  filth  period,  the  loss  was  .78  of  the  maximum; 
as  to  128  packages  withdrawn  during  the  sixth  period,  the  less  was  .75 
of  the  maximum;  as  to  99  i)ackages  withdrawn  during  the  seventh 
period,  the  loss  was  .71  of  the  maximum;  as  to  94  packages  withdrawn 
during  the  eighth  period,  the  loss  was  .00  of  the  maximum;  as  to  179 
packages  withdrawn  during  the  ninth  period,  the  loss  was  .05  of  the 
maximum;  as  to  107  packages  withdrawn  during  the  tenth  period,  the 
loss  was  .08  of  the  maximum;  as  to  144 packages  withdrawn  during  the 
eleventh  period,  the  loss  was  .01  of  the  maximum;  as  to  S5  i)ackages 
withdrawn  during  the  twelfth  period,  the  loss  was  .00  of  the  maximum ; 
as  to  192  packages  withdrawn  during  the  thirteenth  ]ieriod,  the  loss 
was  .70  of  the  maximum;  and  as  to  421  packages  withdrawn  during 
the  fourteenth  and  last  period,  the  average  loss  was  .70  of  the  maxi- 
mum. 

Very  few  withdrawals  of  spirits  less  than  ten  months  old  were  found 
to  have  been  made  from  heated  warehouses,  and  the  average  losses  as 
to  these  few  cases  did  not  vary  materially  from  those  occurring  in  cold 
warehouses.  As  to  207  i)ackag('s  withdrawn  from  heated  warehouses 
during  the  sixth  period  named  in  the  law  (eleven  and  twelve  months), 
the  average  loss  was  .87  of  the  maximum;  as  to  217  i)ackages  with- 
drawn during  the  seventh  ])eri()(l,  the  average  loss  was  .94  of  the  maxi 
mum;  as  to  92  packages  withdrawn  during  the  eighth  i)enod,  the  aver- 
age loss  was  .80  of  the  maximum;  as  to  23  packages  withdrawn  during 
the  ninth  period,  the  average  loss  was  l.(K)  of  the  maximum;  as  to  179 
packages  withdrawn  during  the  tenth  ])eri()d,  the  average  loss  was  .80 
of  the  maximum;  as  to  92  i)aekages  withdrawn  during  the  eleventh 
period,  the  average  loss  was  .87  of  the  maximum;  as  to  43  packages 


102 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


withdrawn  durinf?  the  twelfth  period,  the  average  loss  was  .81  of  the 
maximum;  as  to  43  packages  withdrawn  during  the  thirteenth  period, 
the  average  loss  was  .90  of  the  maximum;  and  as  to  379  packages  with- 
drawn during  the  fourteenth  period,  the  average  losa  was  .91  of  the 
.maximum  allowed  by  law. 

LOSS  OF  SPIRITS  BY  CASUALTIES. 

During  the  fiscal  year  1882  there  were  reported  as  lost  by  fire  and 
other  casualties,  while  stored  in  warehouse,  257,016  taxable  gallons  of 
spirits,  or  about  fifteen  ten-thousandths  of  tlie  entire  quantity  of  spirits 
(170,501,272  gallons)  handled  in  the  several  distillery  warehouses  in  the 
United  States  during  that  period.  The  loss  so  reported  is  distributed 
among  the  several  kinds  of  spirits  as  follows: 

Gallons. 

Bourbon  wMsky 145,239 

Rye  whisky 32,'J64 

Alcohol 10,557 

High  wines 116 

Miscellaneous 68, 140 

Total 257,016 

Of  this  quantity  167,890  gallons  were  destroyed  by  tire  in  one  ware- 
house, and  57,674  gallons  were  destroyed  by  the  falling  of  patent  ricks 
in  two  other  warehouses,  making  a  loss  of  225,564  gallons  through  three 
casualties. 

EXPORTATION  OF  SPIRITS. 

The  following  statements  show  the  quantities  of  spirits  withdrawn 
for  exi^ort  during  the  last  two  fiscal  years: 

WITHDRAWN  IN  1881. 


Districts. 

Bourbon 
whisky. 

Eye 
whisky. 

Taim. 

High 
wines. 

Pure,  neu- 
tral,   or 
cologne 
spiiita. 

Alcohol. 

Aggregate. 

Gallons. 

Qallons. 

Gallons. 

Gallons. 
180 

Gallons. 

Gallons. 

Oallo7is. 
180 

180,  217 

1, 233,  804 

847,019 

5, 447,  659 

2,  825,  906 

8,-),  002 

42,  575 

809,  028 

901, 4:i2 

1,  005,  209 

1, 414,  021 

847,  019 

2S9,  886 

5  737  545 

8  Illinois 

2,  825,  906 

1  Indiana 

85,  692 

4  Indiana ..... 

4,212 

46,  787 

3,482 

812,  510 

2  Iowa 

961,432 

5  Iowa   



1, 005,  209 

5  Kentucky . 

2,130 
4, 452 
1,457 

2,130 

4,452 

1,457 

3  IMiiryland 

1,242 



1,  242 

3  MassachuHetts 

209,  332 
591,  002 

269.  332 

5  Hassachusetta ... 

591.602 

1  Missouri 

28,  221 
772, 171 

"""'316,373" 
145,  509 

28.  221 

772. 171 

1  Niw  York 

7,909 
6,078 

7,909 

J  Oliio 

702 

273 

323,  426 

3  Oliio 

145,  5ii9 

6  Oliio 

903 

975 

2,212 

• 

1.9.38 

22  PeniiBvlvania 

2,212 

1  Wisconsin 

33,  580 

33.  .580 

Total 

13, 186 

4,702 

8G0, 934 

180 

488  302  1  14  .T.>i  17>?  :     I.t  9'>1  ifi5 

REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     103 

"VVITKDRAWif  IN  1882. 


Districte. 

Bourbon 
whisky. 

Rye 

whisky. 

Rum. 

High 
wines. 

Pare,  neu- 
tial,    or 
cologne 
epiiits. 

Alcohol 

Gin. 

Aggregate. 

Gallons. 

Oallons. 

Oallmis. 

Gallons. 
575 

Gallons. 

2  004 

Gallons. 

Gallons. 

Gallons. 
2  579 

84,  224 

470,  832 
355,  330 
3,  082,  049 
977, 517 
152,907 
231,  902 
286, 622 
370,  532 

""in 

555  056 

355  330 

11, 144 

214,  379 

3, 307,  933 
977, 517 

152  967 

171 

13,  614* 

1,082 

245  747 



287*  704 



370, 532 
2,209 
10,  316 
3,591 

2  Kentuekv 

2,  209 
10,  llti 

3,  5','1 
4,0-.'3 

200 

5  Kentucky 

0  Kentucky  .-• 

200 

7  Kmlucky 

2,907 



6,930 

8  Kentucky 

3  Maryhmd 

209 

40 



40 

00, 373 
448,  518 

96  373 

448,  518 

515 

3,412 

11, 093 
153,  338 
105,  552 

""iih' 

15  02C 

6  Missouri 

153,  338 

602 

6.467 

172, 621 
615 

1  New  Yolk 

439f 

1  Ohio 

553,  406 
373,  206 

553, 40< 
373, 2Ce 

400 

3  Ohio 

22  Pennsvlvnnia • 

40G 

502 

23  Pennsylvania 

502 

Total 

33,  019 

4,055 

544,  891 

075 

325,  382 

7, 184, 466 

337 

8, 092,  725 

*  13,614  "Ikliscellaneous"  ou  01  a. 


1439  "MisccUaneoos"  on  61  a. 


The  following  figures  show  the  increase  or  decrease  as  to  the  various 
kinds  of  spirits  exported  iu  the  year  1882  as  compared  with  the  year 

1881: 

Gallons. 

Decrease  in  alcohol 7,309,712 

Decrease  in  rum 310,043 

Decrease  in  pure  or  neutral  spirits 102, 920 

Decrease  in  rye  wbiskj' 647 

Total  decrease 7,649,322 

Gallons. 

Increase  in  bourbon  whisky 19,8:^ 

Increase  iu  hif^li  wines 395 

Increase  in  gin 337 

Total  increase 20,505 

Not  decrease 7,ti2d,75? 


SPIRITS   WITHDRAWN    FROM    DISTILLERY  WAREHOUSES    UPON    PAY 

MENT  OF  TAX. 

GalloDS. 
The  quantity  of  spirits  withdrawn  from  distillery  warohouses  upon  pay- 
ment of  tax  was  in  1882 70,7.^0,180 

And  was  in  1881 07,372,575 

lucreaso 3,357,605 

This  increase  is  distributed  as  follows : 

OoIloDS 

Bourbon  whisky , , 897,  08*} 

Rye  whisky 780,111 


104  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 

Callona. 

Gin 0(3;  607 

Pure,  lUMitral,  or  cologne  8i>irits 3,8DG,  015 

MiBcclliflueous 1,  332, 708 

Total  increase 0,971,529 

Gallona. 

Decrease  in  witlulrawals  of  high  wines 3,224,977 

Decrease  in  withdrawals  of  alcohol 373,715 

Decrease  in  wit hdrawals  of  rum 15, 232 

Total  decrease ^^ 3,013,924 

Net  increase  in  withdrawals  upon  payment  of  tax 3,357,605 

BPIRITS  WITHDRAWN  FROM  WAREHOUSES  FOR  SCIENTIFIC  PURPOSES, 
AND  FOR  USE  OF  THE   UNITED   STATES. 

The  quaiitity  of  alcoLol  withdrawn  free  of  tax  from  distillery  ware- 
houses for  the  use  of  colleges  and  other  institutions  of  learning  in  the 
l)reservation  of  specimens  of  natural  history  in  their  several  museums, 
or  for  use  in  their  chemical  laboratories,  and  of  spirits  of  various  kinds 
for  use  of  the  United  States,  amounted  during  the  year  to  14,048  gal- 
lons, or  10,854  gallons  less  than  the  quantity  withdrawn  during  the 
previous  year. 

SPIRITS    WITHDRAWN    FOR    TRANSFER    TO    MANUFACTURING   WARE- 
HOUSES. 

The  quantity  of  spirits  withdrawn  free  of  tax  from  distillery  ware- 
houses for  transfer  to  warehouses  established  at  ports  of  entry  for  the 
manufacture  of  certain  articles  exclusively  for  exportation  (see  sec.  3433 
E.  S.,  and  sec.  14,  act  of  May  28,  1880),  amounted  during  the  year  to 
213,322  gallons,  or  7,494  gallons  more  than  the  quantity  withdrawn  dur- 
ing the  i)recediug  year.  The  spirits  withdrawn  consisted  of  two  varie- 
ties, as  follows : 

Grallons. 

Alcohol 163,556 

Pure  neutral  or  cologne  spirits 49, 766 

'  Total 213,322 

SPIRITS  REMAINING  IN  WAREHOUSES  AT  THE   CLOSE   OF   THE   YEAR. 

In  my  report  for  the  year  ended  June  30, 1879,  it  was  shown  that  the 
quantity  (19,212,470  gallons)  in  warehouses  June  30, 1879,  exceeded  the 
quantity  in  warehouse  at  the  close  of  any  ijrecediug  fiscal  year.  This 
quantity,  however,  was  much  exceeded  by  the  quantity  (31,303,869  gal- 
lons) remaining  in  warehouse  June  30,  1880,  which  latter  quantity  is 
more  than  doubled  bv  the  quantity  (04,048,111  gallons)  in  warehouse 
June  30,  1881,  and  more  than  tr?;bled  by  the  quantity  (89,902,045  gal- 
lons) in  warehouse  June  30, 1882. 

The  following  table  shows  the  quantity  remaining  in  distillery  ware- 
houses at  the  close  of  each  of  the  thirteen  fiscal  years  during  which 
spirits  have  been  stored  in  such  warehouses  : 

Gallons. 

Quantity  remaining  June  30, 1869 16. 6S5, 166 

Quantity  remaining  Juno  30,1870 11,671,886 

Quantity  remaining  June  30, 1871 6,744,360 

Quantity  remaining  June  30,1872 10,103,392 

Quantity  remaining  June  30,1873 14,650, 148 

Quantity  remainLug  June  30,1874 . . 15,575,224 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


105 


Gallons. 

Quantity  remaining  Jnno  30, 1P75 13,179,596 

Quantity  remaining  Juno  30, 1876 12,595,  850 

Quantity  remaining  June  30, 1877 13,091,773 

Ouantitv  remaining  June  30,1878 14,088,773 

Quantity  remaining  June  30, 1879 19,212,470 

Quantity  remaining  June  30,1880 31,363,869 

Quantity  remaining  June  30,1861 64,648,111 

Quantity  remaining  June  30, 1882 69,962,645 

WITHDRAWALS  OF  PRODUCTS,  BY  MONTHS.  * 

The  quantity  of  each  month's  product  of  spirits  in  warehouse  July  1, 
1881,  which  was  withdrawn  durinj;-  the  year  ended  June  30,  1882,  is 
shown  in  the  following  tabular  statement : 


Product  of  the  montli  of— 

In  warehouse 
July  1, 1881. 

Withdrawn  dur- 
ing year  ended 
June  30, 1882. 

Boroaining  in 
warehouse 
Jane  30,1882. 

1878. 

Gallons. 

4,387 
31,490 
13.386 
5,815 
10,  051 
37,  C92 
113,  832 
191, 975 

29n.  853 
37.),  408 
442,  079 
557,  035 
620,  089 
424,  CG2 
207,  023 

134,  one 

193,017 

307,  481 

045,  835 

1, 081, 193 

1,453,477 
1,723,312 
2,316,138 
2,  048, 272 
2, 71.5,  802 

2,  335, 213 
1,  409,  077 

53.-^  Ki- 

891.  402 

2,001.090 

3,  087,  740 

4,  300,  870 

4,  329,  474 
4,81.5,051 
0,121,991 
0,397.1.^8 
0,  2'^7,  O.'-G 
.5,510,934 

Gallom. 

4,387 
31,496 
13,  38C 
.5.  815 
10,  651 
37,  692 
11%  832 
191,975 

299,  853 
379,  408 
442,  079 
557,  035 
610,  824 
252.  644 
112,878 
75,913 
85,  800 
102,  740 
250,  096 
429,  C85 

486,  9C8 
.529.  3(13 
728,  ,537 
775,  570 
775,  085 
749,  374 
347, 122 
140,  984 
238,  5.34 
303,  805 
560,  281 
752,608 

722,4.55 
912,  .5.-.5 
1,130,714 
1, 167,  008 
1, 102,  471 
1, 149,  058 

GalUms. 

July         

1870. 

May 

15,265 

172, 018 

94,145 

58, 093 

107,157 

204,741 

395,  739 

051,508 

1860. 

966,509 

1, 194.  009 

1,  587, 601 

April 

1.  872,  702 

May 

1,  940,  717 

1,  585,  839 

July 

1, 062.  555 

394,  853 

652,  928 

1, 637, 231 

2,  527. 405 

3,  548,  263 

3,  C(>7, 019 

3,  9112,  496 

4,  991,  277 

April                                           

5,  230. 180 

.5,184,585 

4,301,870 

Total    ...                          

W,  048,  111 

16,  700,  741 

47,  947.  370 

INCREASE   OF  SPIRI 

TS  IN  WAR 

EHOUSE. 

More  than  seven-tenths  of  the  spirits  roniaininjr  in  warehouse  June 
30,  1882  (63,011,282  gallons  out  of  89,002,015  gallons)  was  bourbon 


106 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 


whisky.  Tlierc  was  au  increase  in  the  quantity  in  \vare])0U8e  June  30, 
1882,  over  the  quantity  in  warehouse  June  30,  1881,  of  25,314,534  gal- 
lons, distributed  among  all  kinds  known  to  the  trade,  except  alcohol,  as 
follows : 

GiillonB. 

Increase  in  bourbon  whisky - 19, 4.'rj,  406 

Increase  in  rye  wliiaky 4,742,724 

Increase  in  rum 19, .'J94 

Increase  iiif^iii 4,  5.'j4 

Increase  in  liij;li  wines 25,289 

Increase  in  pure  neutral,  or  cologne,  spirits  . 500,  740 

Increase  in  miscellaneous . 581,087 

25, 3(J9, 994 
Less  decrease  in  alcohol 55,400 

Net  increase 25,314,534 

SPIEITS  REMOVED  IN  BOND  FOR  EXPORT. 

The  following  statement  shows  the  quantity  and  percentage  of  pro- 
duction of  distilled  spirits  removed  in  bond  for  export  during  each  fiscal 
year  since  the  passage  of  the  act  of  June  6,  1872 : 


Tear. 

Taxable  (proof) 
gallons       ex- 
ported. 

Percentage 
of  produc- 
tion. 

1873 

2,  358,  630 

4,  060, 160 
587, 413 

1,  308,  9t10 

2,  529,  r>28 

5,  49r>,  252 

14,  837,  581 
16,  765, 666 

15,  921,  482 
8, 092,  725 

3.45+ 
5.  90+ 
0.  90-)- 

1874 

1875 

1876 

2.  2.Vf 

1877 

4.22f 
9.  80-f- 

1878 

1879 

20.  S3-j- 

1880 ..   ..                

18.  .55+ 

1881 

13.  52  + 

1882 

7.64+ 

SPIRITS  WITHDRAWN  FOR  EXPORT  DURING  FIRST  FOUR  MONTHS  OF 
PRESENT  FISCAL  YEAR. 


Following  is  a  statement  showing,  by  districts,  the  number  of  gallons 
of  each  kind  of  spirits  removed  for  export  during  the  first  four  mouths 
of  the  present  fiscal  year: 


Districts. 

Alcoliol. 

Pure,  neu- 
tral, or 
cologne 
spirits. 

Kuui. 

Bonrbon 
■whisky. 

Rye 
whisky. 

Miscella- 
neous. 

Ilrst  CalifoTni.T, 

Oallons. 

Oallons. 
2,289 

Oallons. 

Gallons. 

Gallons. 

Oallonx. 
a  237 

Pifth Illinois      ...       .                     ...   . 

30,  388 
17, 136 

62,576 

878 
1,189 
2.  416 

694 

Pil'th  Kentucky  ' 

588 

Sixth  KinitiickV 

'"  li,'236 


Tbud  Maryland  ." 

71 , 063 
337,  868 

Fifth  Ma.ssachii.sctta 

10,  619 
3,772 

Total 

47,  524 

2,289 

409, 531 

6,207 

26, 209 

2,813 

a  Wheat  whisky. 


6  High-proof  spirits. 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    TREASURY  107 

SPIRITS  IN  DISTILLERY  WAREHOUSES  NOVEMBER  1,  1881  and  1882. 

Following  is  a  statement  of  the  quantities  of  spirits  remaining  in  dis- 
tillery warehouses  November  1,  1881  and  1882  : 


Gallons. 


District. 


tjt'conrl  Alabama 

Arkansas 

First  California 

Coliirailo 

First  Connocticnt 

Sccoud  Counectitut 

Second  Georgia 

Tliird  Georgia 

Idaho 

First  Illinoia 

Second  Illinois 

Tliird  ni iiiois 

Fointli  Illinois 

Filtli  lllincds 

Eit:litb  Illinois 

Thirteenth  Illinois 

First  Indiana 

Fonrth  Indiana 

Sixth  Indiana 

Seventh  Indiana 

Eleventh  Indiana 

Second  Iowa 

Fifth  Iowa 

Kansas 

Second  Kentucky 

Fifth  Kentucky 

Sixth  Kentucky 

Seventh  Kentucky 

Ei^rlith  Kentucky 

Ninth  Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Third  Maryland 

Fourth  Maryland 

Third  Massachusetts 

Fifth  Massachusetts 

Tenth  Massachusetta 

F'irst  Missouri 

Second  ilissouri 

Fourth  Missouri , 

Fifth  Missouri 

Si'xih  jilissouri 

Kebraska 

New  Hampshire 

Third  New  Jersey 

First  New  York 

Twenty-lirst  New  York 

Twenty-fourth  New  York 

Thirtieth  Now  York 

Second  North  Carolina 

Fourth  North  Carolina 

Fifth  North  Carolina 

Sixth  North  Carolina 

First  Ohio 

Third  Ohio 

Fourth  Ohio 

SixthOhio 

Seventh  Ohio 

Tenth  Ohio 

Eleventh  Oliio 

Fifteenth  Ohio 

Eighteonth  Ohio 

First  Pennsylvania 

Eisihth  I'c  iiiiHylviinia 

Ninth  I'ennsylvania 

Twelflh  I'eniiHylvaiiia 

Fourteenth  I'ennsv  Ivania 

Sixteenth  l'enns\  Ivaniii 

Twentieth  rennsvlvania 

Twenty-second  I'ennsylvnnia. 
Twenty-third  Pennsylvania  .. 

South  Carolina  

Second  Tennessee 

Fifth  Tennessee 


21, 261 

1,415 

5,508 

120,  1G2 

57,  8;i9 

19,  4.^5 

43,  5G7 

592,  421 

C^,  745 

2,  4;!l 
33,  769 

625,  804 
3D,  313 
186,  298 

3,  663 
3,196 
1,500 

28,319 
721,493 
820,  752 
150,  865 
397,  751 
181,  288 
372,  511 


589. 747 

133,959 

114,976 

299, 102 

32, 176 

70,  534 

12,  380 

7,721 

3,107 

112, 870 

198,  21-4 

29,712 

187,  65 1 

32, 359 

23,461 

4,295 

220,  910 

1,726 

3,053 

47,  231 

85, 173 

550, 850 

65-2,  224 

64, 902 

frJS,  239 

53. 1«50 

205,  i:i9 

89,  607 

11,738 

11,259 

701,  044 

41.439 

132,  .532 

9.516 

109.373 

ItlX.  852 

29, 141 

422,  3(t4 

069,  500 

5,  677 

10,  006 

, 424, 392 


15,394 


11, 477 

543 

6.894 

1, 180,  256 

67,  375 


50,334 

841.589 

53,605 

1,  224 

39, 312 

1, 408,  538 

22,  457 

131,141 

2,573 

1,973 

22,  502 

34,  067 

7,  580, 853 

80,  567.  253 

5. 47(1,  604 

13,  928,  212 

1,  503,  460 

484,  087 


3,851,107 

169,  900 

121,  276 

3(19.  053 

40,388 

35.  485 

0.025 

4.240 

2,525 

114.182 

19.%  203 

31.490 

191.  978 

64,405 

19,188 

1,  no 

260,363 

5.53 

1,831 

12, 639 

73,  386 

1,384,717 

55.5,  517 

6.5, 178 

681.734 

4.5. 858 

244,417 

89.047 

5.8.t;i 

16.  670 

817,039 

41,858 

200,919 

13.  337 

178,  099 

137.  678 

32, 121 

5,  367,  879 

2,  675.  320 

2,587 

4.283 

1, 355, 4U3 


108 


PAPERS  ACCOMPANYING  THE 


District. 

Gallons. 

1881. 

1882. 

3,089 

8, 398 

95 

810 

0,749 

171,  548 

854,913 

50,  940 

155 

2,807 

5,713 
721 

3,094 
187,  945 

981,  881 

129, 191 

539 

Totul 

67, 442, 180 

84,  628,  331 

USE  OF  ALCOHOL  IN  THE  ARTS  AND  MANUFACTURES. 

The  subjoined  statement  of  alcohol  used  in  the  arts  and  manufactures 
is  prepared  from  statements  of  collectors  i)rocured  when  the  question 
of  using  such  spirits  for  the  purpose  stated  free  of  tax  was  under  con- 
sideration during  the  first  session  of  the  Forty-seventh  Congress.  (See 
pages  31  and  32,  Xo.  152,  Yol.  13,  Congressional  Kecord.) 


STATEMENT  hi  DISTEICTS,  and  in  PnOOF-GALLONS,  of  the  QUANTITY  of 
ALCOHOL  USED  in  the  ARTS  and  MANUFACTURES  durinq  the  year  ended  April 
\,  18H2;  uUo  the  QUANTITY  ESTIMATED  which  WOULD  HAVE  BEEN  USED 
in  CASE  the  TAX  ViERE  50  CENTS  PER  GALLON,  and  in  CASE  THERE 
WERE  NO  TAX. 


Quantity 

used  and  estimated. 

District  and  State. 

Actually 
used. 

Estim,ites. 

Ey  -n-bom  used. 

At50cts. 
tax. 

At  no  tax. 

4,900 
10,  000 

i,:m 

200 
5,000 
16,  800 
75,  309 
7,  832 
4,000 
6,200 

7,994 

15,  000 

1,  308 

200 

5,000 

21,  000 

111,  953 

9,148 

4,000 

7,512 

13,  235 

20,  000 

1,  308 

200 

5,  000 

33,  COO 

198,  026 

13,045 

4  000 

8,138 

Chemists,  druggists,  pbotograpbers. 

2.  Alabama 

xVpotbecaries,  pbotograpbers,  painters. 

Xot  stated. 

Central  Pacific  Kailroad  Company  and  otbera. 

Xot  stated. 

j^ot  stated. 

Arkausaa 

4.  California 

1.  Connecticut 

2.  Connecticut 

Delaware 

Florida 

Not  stated. 

None,  except  small  quantity  by  druggists. 
Druggists. 

Druggists,    pbotograpbers,    tobacco    manufact- 
ui-ers. 

9,  362 
43,  350 

400 
41,  917 

IG,  500 
21,  757 

5,  000 
20,  000 
13,  812 

6,  000 
15,  511 

4,000 
50,  000 
16,948 
39,  067 

12,  ."-lOO 
10,  000 

14,  418 
43,350 

400 
43,  777 

16,  500 

22,  241 

5,500 

20,  000 

15,  867 
6,000 

21, 472 

4,000 
62,  500 
20,116 
44,209 

12,  500 
10,  000 

22,  425 
54, 187 

400 
46, 730 

16,  500 

23,  341 
5,500 

20,  000 

18,  032 

6,  000 

40,  338 

4,000 
75,  000 
22,  5:i8 
48, 160 

12  .-.00 
10  000 

Cbemists.  druggists ;  varnish,  tobacco,  -white  lead, 

and  bat  manufacturers,  and,pbotographei-3. 
Not  stated 

4.  llliuoia 

Not  stated. 

7.  Illinois 

8.  Illinois 

13.  Illinois 

70  per  cent,  by  drnggi.sts  in  making  tinctures; 
balance  by  manufacturers  of  furniture,  ma- 
chinery, photographs,  and  hats. 

Not  stated 

10.  Indiana 

11.  Indi.ina 

2.  Iowa 

liailroads,  machinists,  brass  founders,  carriage 
mamil'acturers,  druggists,  pbotogi'aphers,  per- 
fumer.s.  chemists,  plumbers. 

Not  stJit<d. 

Druggists,  pbotograpbers,  and  manufacturers  of 
paints,  oils  and  tlavorui«;  extracts,  &.C 

REPORT    OF   THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    TREASURY,  109 

STATEMENT  hj  DISTRICTS  and  PROOF-GALLONS,  ^-c— Continued. 


District  and  State. 


Quantity  used  and  estimated. 


Actually 
used. 


Estimates. 


At  50  cts. 
tax. 


At  no  tax. 


By  whom  used. 


3.  lo-wa . 


Iowa ... 
Iowa ... 
KansaH. 
Kentucky. 
Keutuc'kv- 


6.  Kentucky. 

7.  Kentucky. 

8.  Kentucky. 

9.  Kentucky. 
Louisiami. 


Maine 

3.  Maryland 

4.  Maryland 

3.  Massachusetts . 

5.  Massachusetts . 

10.  Massachusetts. 
1.  Michigan 

3.  Michiu.in 

4.  Micliifiim 

6.  Michiu'rtn 

1.  Minnesota 

2.  Minnesota 

1.  Missouri 


2.  Missouri . 

4.  Missouri . 

5.  Missouri . 


6.  Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraska 

Kew  Hampshire 


Nevada  

New  Jersey 

New  Jersey 

New  Jersey 

New  Mexico 

Now  York 


2.  Ne-wTork 

3.  Now  York 

11.  New  York 

12.  Now  York.... 

14.  New  York 

1.5.  Now  York 

21.  Now  York 

24.  New  York 

26.  Now  York 

28.  New  York 


30.  New  York 

2.  North  Carolina.. 

4.  North  Carolina.. 

5.  North  Carolina. . 
1.  Ohio 


3.  Ohio 

4.  Ohio 

e.  Ohio 

7.  Ohio 

10.  Ohio , 

1...  Ohio 

18.  Ohio 

1.  reunsylvania  .. 


119, 304 

SO,  000 
0,170 
12,  000 


149,  594 

30,  000 

6,170 

12, 000 


25,  000 
2,000 

3,320 


30,  000 
2,000 

3,320 


2,000 
58,  500 

130,  000 
169,  890 

3,  328 
732, COO 
250,  000 

104,  3.i0 

ILf,  24.'? 

7,000 

10,  000 

3."),  OCO 

11,280 

i:;,  i!)0 

217, 100 

4,000 
2,  072 

10,  892 

14, 800 
1,500 
1,500 

67,  500 

1,500 
1,000 

4,  .'>00 
83,  0C7 

1,  000 
137,  240 

365,  OCO 

5.-.,  422 

35, 229 

28,  000 

V6:>,  000 

fi,  000 

4,500 

(i,  0I'4 

1,  800 

70, 000 


37, 104 

2,310 

3,790 

350 

73, 297 


10,405 

11,281 

2,818 

8,840 

6,000 

5,000 

65. 135 

150,  000 


2,000 
62, 450 

130,  300 
226,  520 
4,  303 
709,  230 
275,  000 

104,  550 

150,  993 

7,000 

10,  000 

38,  500 

11,280 

17,  000 

352,  600 

4,000 
2, 400 
11, 852 

14,  920 
1,  500 
1,  500 

67,  500 

1,500 
1,000 
4,  500 

312, 443 
1,700 

149,  840 

356, 000 

!5."),  422 

44,036 

36, 000 

200,  000 

6,  000 

.5,  000 

7,544 

1,800 

85,000 


45,  .TO8 

2, 425 

4,737 

350 

118, 241 


1.%  960 

11,847 

2,818 

8,  840 

8,000 

.<>,  000 

195,  609 

195,  000 


191, 978 

30,000 

6,170 

12,  000 


7.'),  000 
2,000 


2,000 
308, 450 

1.31,  800 
330,  780 
5,  .59(5 
805,  800 
400,  000 

lOe,  350 

198, 178 

7,000 

10. 000 

46, 667 

11,280 

2.5,  000 

628, 100 

4,000 
2,  850 
12,  502 

18,  870 
1,500 
1,500 

67,  500 

1,500 
1,000 
4,500 

390,  977 
2,  000 

184,  000 

494,  000 

83, 133 

52,  843 

50,  000 

275,  000 

6,000 

5,  000 

14. 044 

1,  800 

100, 000 


12.5. 000 

2. 772 

7,580 

700 

247, 978 


20,  720 

1.5,  290 

2,828 

8,840 

10,  Olio 

10,000 

2^0,  .544 

195  000 


Four  wholesale  and  291  retail  druggists  and  180 
photosraphers. 

Not  stated.  ^ 

Ninety  druggists. 

Druggists. 

None. 

Fifty  leading  business  men. 

Mo.stly  by  dniggists  in  quantity,  and  by  tobacco 
manufacturers  trjtllng. 

Eighty-three  "  pLices,"  principally  druggists. 

None." 

Druggists  and  others. 

Druggists,  perfumers,  photographers,  and  to- 
bacco manufacturers. 

Di-nggists  and  1  varnish  mannfactiu'er. 

Druggists  and  others. 

Druggists  and  others. 

Not  stated. 

Tobacco  manufacturers,  chemists,  dmgg;i8ts,  pho- 
tographers, &.C. 

Not  stated. 

Manufacturing  chemists  principally. 

Not  stated. 

Not  stated. 

No  large  manufacturers  using  alcoboL 

Retail  druggists  and  photographers. 

Not  stated. 

Chemist.s,  druggists,  photographers;  tobacco, 
vinegar,  paints,  hats,  flaToring  extracts. 

Not  stated. 

Not  stated. 

Druggists,  photographers,  tobacco  manufactu- 
rers. 

Not  stated. 

Druggists  and  photographers. 

Not  stated. 

About  6,500  gallons  by  painters,  photographers, 
and  manufacturers ;  balance  by  druggists. 

Not  stated. 

Not  stated. 

Druggists,  photographers,  &0. 

Not  stated. 

Not  stated. 

Chemists,  dniggists,  hatters,  photographers  :  to- 
bacco, picturo-frame-vami.sh  manufacturers. 

Not  stated. 

Druggist.s  and  varnish  manufacturers. 

Not  stated. 

Not  stated. 

Not  stated. 

Druggists ;  no  large  manufacturers. 

Not  stated. 

Not  stated. 

Not  stated. 

Patentniedicine  and  perfumery  manufacturers, 
and  small  lots  l>v  hatters,  tobacco  manofact 
urers,  photographers.  <fcc. 

Manufacturers  of  medicines,  vinegar,  &c. 

Not  Htale<l. 

Not  stated. 

Not  stated. 

Tobacco  manufacturers,  pliotographors,  mann- 
fiicturing  chemists,  druggists,  hat  m.nnufact- 
iirers,  varnish  manufacturcr.s,  furniture,  pic- 
ture-frames, 4:0. 

Not  stated. 

Di  iiggists  and  manufacturers. 

Druggists  nud  one  paint  factory. 

Not  stated. 

Not  staled. 

Not  stated. 

Not  Rt.Tted. 

Maiiiifiicfuring  chemist.s.  white-lead  mannf.ict- 
urrr.s,  druggists,  ic.  Druggists  and  chemist* 
30,000,  hat  uauufacturora. 


110  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 

STATEMENT  hy  DISTRICTS  and  FROOF-GALLONS,  <fc.— Continued. 


Quantity 

used  and  estimated. 

District  and  State. 

Estimated. 

By  whom  used. 

Actually 
used. 

At  50  cts. 
tax. 

At  no  tax. 

8.  Pennsylvania 

35,  000 

35,  000 

52,  500 

Photographers,  machinists,  plumbers. 

9.  Ponnsylvauia 

8,000 

8,000 

10,  000 

Druggists,  photographeis,  varnish  manufactu- 
rers. 
Not  stated. 

12.  Pennflvlvania 

19, 454 

26,  003 

35,  897 

14.   Ponn.'ivlvania 

7,  083 

8,000 

10,  000 

Not  stated. 

16.  TiMinsvlvnuia 

7,774 

8,  551 

8,  551 

Not  st.ated. 

19.  Pi  ini-sylvaiiia 

15,  500 

1.5,  .500 

15,  500 

Druggists,  perfumers,  &c. 

20.  PcniiH^Kania 

23,  200 

23,  200 

23,  200 

Druggists,  artists,  &.C. 

22.  Ponnsvlvania 

260 

200 

200 

One  tobacco  manufacturer. 

3ilio(le  Island 

150,  000 

150,  000 

150,  000 

Not  stated. 

South  Carolina.. . 

4.50 

450 

4.50 

Not  stated. 

2.  Tennessee 

15,  000 

1.5,  000 

1.5,  000 

Not  stated. 

5.  Tennessee 

19,  625 

30,  000 

100,  000 

Not  stated. 

8.  Tennessee 

l.-),  000 

17,  000 

20,  000 

Not  stated. 

1    Texas 

5,000 
200 

5,  000 
200 

5,  000 
200 

Not  stated. 

3.  Texas 

Hatters  and  photographers. 

4.  Texas 

8,351 

8,351 

8,351 

One  hundred  and  sixty-five  druggists  and  pho 

tographers. 

XTtali 

8  000 

8,000 

8,000 

Photographers  and  druggists. 
Not  stat<'<l. 

19  306 

19,  306 

19,  306 

7,  622 
14, 120 

10,  000 
14, 120 

14,  (100 
17,  650 

3.  Virgiiiia 

Druegists  and  photographers,  besides  tobacco 

and  cigar  manufacturers,  used  13,400  rum  and 

rectified  spirits. 

600 

600 

700 

Not  stated. 

5.  Virginia 

2,800 

4,200 

5,000 

Not  stated. 

3,117 
11,  000 

4,  026 
11,000 

4,601 
11,  000 

Not  stated. 

1.  "West  Virginia  ... 

Druggists,  10,000;  others,  1,000. 

2.  "West  Virginia  . . . 

3,  500 

3,  500 

4,375 

Not  stated. 

1.  "Wisconsin 

2,  000 

2,000 

2,  000 

Wholesale  druggists  and  others. 

2.   Wisconsin 

20,  .580 

20,  580 

21,080 

Druggists  and  perfumers. 

3.  Wisconsin 

9,  250 

12, 100 

15,  300 

Not  stated. 

6.  "Wisconsin 

10,  000 

10, 000 

10,  000 

Manufacturing  chemists,  druggists,  tobacco  man- 
ufacturers, &c. 

"Wyoming 

2,000 

2,500 

2,750 

Druggists  and  photographers. 

Total 

4,  269,  978 

5,  397,  224 

7,  367,  594 

OPERATIONS    AT    SPECIAL    BONDED   WAREHOUSES  FOR    STORAGE   OF 

GRAPE  BRANDY. 

The  following  statement  shows  the  quantity  of  grape  brandy  placed  in 
special  bonded  warehouses,  withdrawn  therefrom,  and  remaining  therein 
at  the  beginning  and  close  of  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  ISSU,  in  tax- 
able gallons : 

Gallons.    Gallons.    Gallona. 
Remaining  in  "wareliouse  July  1,  1881; 

First  district  of  California 136, 174 

Fourtli  district  of  California 80, 475 

216,649 

Removed  for  exportation  and  nnaccounted  for  July  1, 1881 : 

First  district  of  California 67.'S 

217,324 

Produced  and  bonded  during  the  year: 

Produced  and  warehoused  in  first  district 145,892 

Produced  in  fourth  and  "warehoused  in  first  district 45,  614 

Produced  and  "warehoused  in  fourth  district 190, 319 

; —  381,  8C5 

Increase  by  re-gange  in  fourth  district 2 

Transferred  from  first  district  to  fourth  district 4, 999 

Transferred  from  fourth  district  to  first  district 10, 877 

15, 876 

397,703 


615, 027 


Exported  and  accounted  for  during  the  year: 
First  district  of  California 


463 


EEFORT  OP  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


Ill 


Reinoved  tax-paid  dnriug  tho  year :  Gallona.    Gallons.    Gallons. 

First  district  of  Calif-^rnia 10-4,907 

Fourtli  district  of  California 59,717 

168,624 

Loss  by  re-gauge,  act  of  May  23,  1880: 

First  district  of  California 3,  3.'>1 

Fourth  district  of  California 2, 216 

5, 567 

Transferred  from  first  to  fourth  district 4, 999 

Transferred  from  fourth  to  first  district 10,  877 

15,876 

Removed  for  exportation  and  unaccounted  for  June  30, 1882: 

First  district  of  California 825 

Remaining  in  warehouse  June  30, 1882: 

First  district  of  California 220,687 

Fouith  district  of  California 202,985 

423,672 


190, 630 


424, 497 
615, 027 

Of  the  381,825  gallons  ^ape  brandy  bonded  during  the  last  fiscal  year 
145,892  gallons  Avere  i.ioduced  in  tlie  first  district  and  235,033  gallons  in 
the  fourth  district  of  California.  The  total  product  was  141,701  gallons 
more  than  in  the  previous  year,  while  the  amount  removed  tax-paid  was 
27,155  gallons  larger  than  in  1881. 

Of  the  quantity  in  warehouse  June  30,  1882,  220,087  gallons  were  in 
the  following  warehouses  in  the  first  district  of  California :  GaUons. 

No.  1.  Bode  &-  Danforth,  at  San  Francisco 153,587 

No.  2.  Juan  Bernard,  at  Los  Angeles 47,203 

No.  3.  G.  C.  Carlon,  at  Stockton 19,897 

and  202,985  gallons  were  in  the  following-named  warehouses  in  the 
fourth  district  of  California  :  GaiionB. 

No.  1.  George  Lichtliardt,  at  Sacramento 100,936 

No.  2.  J.F.  Boyce,  at  Santa  Rosa 28,326 

No.  3.  H.J.  Lowell  ing,  at  Saint  Helena 58,764 

No.  4.  John  Tivneu,  at  Sonoma 14,956 

NUjMBER   of  breweries  and  number  of  RECTIFIERS. 

The  following  statement  shows,  by  States  and  Territories,  the  number 
of  breweries  and  rectifiers  in  the  United  States : 


States. 

1i 

0  0 

n 
^2 

States. 

1i 

0   (C 

3 

2 

24 

20 

41 

5 

53 

6 

349 

1 

177 

43 

328 

4 

2 

23 
18 

1 
2 

30 

2 
1 

15 
I 

241 

34 

24 

22 

0 

92 
8 
16 

204 

Ohi 

107 

i 

17 
130 
68 
123 
21 
34 
10 

12 

1 

0.5 

11 

7 

3 

.•>3 

20 

5 

Iilalio 

208 

8 
1 

South  ('aiolina 

K 

8 

Utab 

2 

Vnrniout 

2 

36 

0 

214 

7 

13 

71 

30 
1:14 
111) 

07 
4<> 
12 
14 
1 
05 

0 

20 

Wyominf; 

'           Total 

72 

2,557 

1  157 

112 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 


EXPORTS,  DRAWBACKS,  BANKS,  AND  ASSESSMENTS. 

The  subjoined  tables  give  details  of  tbe  exportation  of  the  different 
articles  subject  to  internal-revenue  taxation,  of  the  amount  of  drawback 
allowed,  of  the  capital  and  deposits  of  banks  and  the  assessments  made 
thereon,  and  of  the  assessments  made  in  regard  to  other  objects  of  taxa- 
tion. 

EXPORTATION  OF  MATCHES. 

The  exportation  of  friction  matches,  proprietary  articles,  &c.,  under 
section  It)  of  the  act  of  March  1,  187D,  has  been  as  follows: 


NnmLer  of 
articles. 


Amonnt  of 
tax. 


Remaining  nnacconnted  for  Juno  30,  1881.. . 
Booded  during  tlie  year  ended  June  30,  1882 

Exported  during  the  year 

Bemainiiig  unaccounted  for  June  30, 1882.. . 


235,716  $2,723  52 

36,  066,  221         377,  269  54 


36,  301,  937         379, 993  08 


35,  974,  874 
327,  063 


36,301,937 


379, 993  06 


DRAWBACK. 

Follo-wing  is  a  statement  of  drawback  of  internal-revenue  taxes  al- 
lowed on  exported  merchandise  during  the  fiscal  year  1882  : 


Port. 

1 

Cm 
O 

P4 

Tobacco. 

Cigars. 

o   . 

2  § 

StiUs. 

5 

Total. 

24 
10 

1 

21 

695 

32 

13 

1 
89 
18 

1 

4 

$1, 106  14 
433  52 

$35  20 

$96  25 

$1,237  59 
452  43 

$18  96 

46  25 

698  39 

1, 505  72 

917  73 

46  25 

698  39 

29,  805  66 

336  40 

$20  66   ii-  049  40 

32,717  18 
917  73 

1, 220  40 
258  10 
774  14 

1, 220  40 
258  16 

4,  697  76 

i,  309  87 

40  00 

917  10 

7, 738  87 
726  13 

726  13 

Suspension  Bridge 

12  96 
84  24 

12  96 

84  24 

Total -^ 

909 

33, 695  22 

5,  069  36 

1, 406  12 

3,  913  18 

60  00 

1,966  50 

46.  no  SS 

Allowed  1881 

749 

28, 483  87  1  8.  596  BO 

1,232  43 

1, 128  38  1  220  00 

1, 161  90  1  40.  849  26 

In  connection  with  the  foregoing  statement  I  have  to  renew  the  recom- 
mendation made  in  my  previous  reports  (1880,  1881),  that  section  3244, 
Bev.  Stat.,  be  so  amended  as  to  include  distilling  worms  belonging  to 
stills  manufactured  for  export,  which,  like  stills,  are  subject  to  a  tax 
of  $20  each.  Also,  that  an  appropriation  be  made  for  the  payment  of 
drawback  on  articles  exported  under  said  section  3211,  Eev.  Stat.  While 
a  number  of  claims  covering  stills  have  been  allowed  by  this  office 
during  the  past  three  years,  and  by  the  authority  conferred  by  section 
3241,  yet  the  claimants  in  such  cases  have  been  unable  to  recover  the 
amount  of  drawback  so  awarded  them  by  this  ofiice,  in  consequence  of 
the  failure  of  Congress  to  make  the  necessary  appropriation.  While  the 
amounts  due  these  claitnants  are  not  large,  the  promise  made  by  the 
law  to  this  class  of  tax-payers  should,  nevertheless,  be  redeemed,  and 
I  urgently  caU  attention  to  this  matter,  in  order  that  the  payment  of 
■the^e  claims  may  be  provided  for. 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    TREASURY. 
ASSESS]iIENTS   ON  BANK  CAPITAL,  AND   DEPOSITS. 


ii; 


FollowiDg  is  a  statement  of  the  amount  of  taxes  assessed  on  the  cap- 
ital and  deposits  of  banks  and  bankers  during  the  twelve  mouths  ended 
May  31, 1882: 


states  and  Territories. 


Banks  and  bankers. 


On  capital. 


Savinjrs  banks. 


On  deposits.     On  capitaL      On  deposits. 


Total. 


Alabama 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

CaUlomia 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Dakota 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia , 

Idaho 

llLinuia 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts  . 

Miclujian 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraska 

Nevada  

New  Hampshire 

New  Jersey 

New  Mexico  . . . 

New  York 

North  Carolina. 

Ohio 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania  . . 
Khode  Lsland... 
South  Carolina  . 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Washington 

"West  Virginia. . 

"Wisconsin 

Wj'oming 

Total 


$5,  839  30 

6C7  03 

870  (12 

C5,  843  62 

5,  023  87 

14,  028  OG 

1, 755  87 

2,  757  60 

017  23 

17,  6.10  05 

eo  18 

60,904  61 

18, 710  22 

28,713  93 

11,  563  14 
54,  530  40 
10,  303  88 

320  33 
14,  207  39 
20,  003  59 

14,  ,549  72 

15,  713  58 

4,  513  64 
47,  968  84 

2,  738  92 
G,  444  71 
1, 1G4  45 

251  07 

3,  614  23 
117  94 

316,  477  65 

2,  734  69 
29,  235  54 

3,  571  50 
63,039  16 
13,  396  90 

2,  708  94 
8,  522  25 
22,  581  84 
1,  709  74 
l,.36l  5-4 

12,  .575  24 
1.781  00 

5,  2.35  61 
10,  905  35 

825  15 


$17, 

4, 

3, 

216, 

2-1, 

32, 

4, 

4, 

4, 

24, 

243, 
81, 

116, 
39, 
85, 
27, 
5. 
52, 
89, 
90, 
52, 
II, 

204, 
7, 
20. 


20, 

3, 

1, 202, 

5, 

194, 

12, 

443, 

2.5, 

8, 

16, 

50, 

10, 

12, 

50, 

4, 

25, 

103, 

3, 


: c"""\"[\[. 

$6, 395  02 

$42, 458  90 

9,  016  23 

203  02 


153  28 


152  84 
'75006 


442  12 


638  75 
'2,' 490  28 

"isooo 


2, 061  82 


62  2: 


1,  788  54 


477  78 

413  18 

99  74 


295  96 
C43  72 
407  16 
2,  391  76 
6i;3  44 


2,  458  27 
431  85 


3,  706  87 

"soc'si 


4, 560  69 

14,  230  99 

5  71 


85  75 
913  36 


934, 740  90  I  3, 727,  500  27 


13,  049  45 


85, 438  99 


$23, 

4, 

4, 

330, 

30, 

55, 


4, 
44, 

305, 
101, 
145, 

51, 
14U, 

38, 
C, 

67, 

no, 

10-, 

68, 

10, 

312, 

9, 

26, 

0, 

3, 

24, 

3, 

1,  522, 

8, 

224 

'ie! 

513, 
53, 
11, 

73i 

n, 

13, 
C.5, 

6. 
30, 
114, 

4, 


787  67 
819  56 
546  00 
704  51 
377  39 
622  70 
850  70 
750  66 

036  86 
217  43 
357  28 
614  87 
090  82 

037  54 
416  03 
396  88 
131  64 
521  85 
2.58  36 
352  91 
542  26 
721  62 
383  56 
870  63 
772  79 
474  25 
9,54  99 
416  31 

290  78 
909  07 
313  29 
367  67 
485  29 
416  22 
833  10 
219  33 
647  20 
079  99 
2,>4  79 
925  96 
822  75 
716  15 
436  30 

291  30 
201  14 
430  11 


4, 761,  335  61 


AVERAGE    CAPITAL    AND    DEPOSITS    FOR    LAST    FIVE    FISCAL  YEARS. 

STATEMENT  of  the  ailOSS  AMOUXTS  of  ArEUACE  CAPITAL  and  DEPOSITS 
of  SAVIXaS  BAXKS,  BAXE.'S,  and  B.IXKEPS,  oHur  lluiii  XATIOXAL  BAXKS, 
for  the  years  ended  May  31,  IciTH,  1-'71),  IbJ^O,  18dl,  and  Ic;?",'. 


1878. 

1879. 

1880. 

1881. 

1862. 

Capital  of  savings  banks 

Capital  of  banks  and  bankers.. 
Deposit.s  of  savings  banks..   .. 
Deposits  of  banks  and  bankers. 

$5,  6n0, 330 
200,  897,  732 
843,410,920 
483,  420,  532 

$3,  507,  392 
193.781,219 
829,912,178 
407,001,179 

$4,  004,  821 
192, 173,  555 
790,  704,  330 
409,124,381 

$4,187,396 
207,  4.54,  9'J4 
890,  OOi;,  544 
597,381,514 

$3,  8.32. 828 
224, 476,  932 
O.'^l,  3.^0,  832 
745,  500,  094 

Total 

1,539,350,514    1,434,051,808  ,1,402,007,090  11,099,090,378 

1                          1                          1 

1,  955, 190, 686 

8Ab 


114 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 


BANK  CAPITAL  INVESTED  IN  BONDS. 

The  I'ollowiiig  is  a  statement  of  averaip^e  capital  and  deposits  of  sav- 
injj;s  banks  and  the  capital  of  banks  and  bankers  other  than  national 
banks  invested  in  IJjiited  States  bonds,  compiled  froin  tlie  r«;tnrns  of  said 
banks  and  bankers,  for  the  years  ended  May,  1878, 1870, 1880, 1881,  and 
1882: 


1878. 

1879. 

1880. 

1881. 

1882. 

Capital  of  savinfja  banks 

Capital  of  bank 9 and  bankers.. 
Deposits  of  savings  banks 

$fi01,  872 
3G,  425,  30(J 
121,  855,  G22 

$429,  791 
40,(113,376 
154,  847,  340 

$507,  876 
40,  371,  805 
182, 580,  893 

$812,768 
35,  O09.  939 
194,  880,  529 

$1, 102,  938 

37,  .527.  554 

233,  673,  588 

Total 

158,  882,  800 

195, 290,  513 

223, 4C0, 634 

230, 799,  236 

272,  304,  080 

MISCELLANEOUS  ASSESSIVEENTS. 


The  following  table  shows  the  assessments  made  by  the  Commissioner 
of  Internal  Revenue  during  the  fiscal  years  ended  June  30,  1881,  and 
June  30, 1882,  respectively,  and  the  increase  or  decrease  on  each  article 
or  occui)ation : 


Article  or  occupation. 


Amonnt  assessed   during 
fiscal  year  ended — 


June  30, 1881.  June  30, 1882. 


Fiscal  year  ended  June 
30,  1881. 


Increase 
over  1881. 


Decrease 
from  1881. 


Tax  on  deficiencies  in  production  of  distnied 
spirits 

Tax  on  excess  of  materials  used  in  the  produc- 
tion of  distilled  spirits 

Tax  on  deposits  and  capital  of  banks  and  bank- 
ers and  of  savings  institutions  other  than  nar 
tional  banks 

Tax  on  circulation  of  banks  and  others 

Tax  on  distilled  spirits  fraudulently  removed 
or  seized 

Tax  on  fermented  liquors  removed  fcom  brew- 
ery unstamped 

Tax  on  tobacco,  snulf,  and  cigars  removed  from 
factory  iinstaniped 

Tax  on  proprietary  articles  removed  unstamped . 

Assessed  penalties 

Legacies  and  successions 

Dnassessed  and  unassessable  penalties,  inter- 
est, taxes  previously  abated,  conscience 
money,  and  deficienoies  in  bonded  accounts 
■which  have  been  collected,  interest  tax  on 
distilled  spirits;  also,  fines,  penalties,  and  for- 
feitures, and  costs  paid  to  collectors  by  order 
of  court  or  by  order  of  Secretary,  and  unas- 
sessable taxes  recovered;  also,  amount  of 
penalties  and  interest  received  for  validating 
unstamped  instruments  (Form  58) , 

Special  taxes  (licenses)  

Tax  on  income  and  dividends 

Total 


$48,  494  36 
3,  547  10 

3,  9.55, 183  20 

10,  788  02 

40,  396  42 

854  96 

46,  385  27 

5, 132  29 

143,  863  78 

63,  859  39 


275,  524  93 
60,411  59 
14,  903  33 


$108,  951  24 
7,  730  78 

5,222,012  40 
1,  921  81 

63,  414  70 

664  65 

43,  095  00 

5,479  19 

193, 145  24 

29, 085  92 


285, 250  80 
61, 415  03 
1,  201  44 


$60,  456  88 
4, 183  68 

1,  266, 829  20 


23,  018  28 


346  90 
49,  282  46 


9, 725  87 
1,  003  44 


4, 669,  343  64 


6,  023, 368  80 


1,  354,  025  16 


$8, 866  21 


190  31 
3,  289  67 


34,  773  47 


13, 701  89 


The  foregoing  table  shows  that  a  decrease  has  occurred  in  the  assess- 
ments of  the  following  taxes  as  compared  with  the  year  ended  June  30, 
1881,  viz: 

On  circulation  of  banks  and  others. 

On  fermented  liquors  removed  from  brewery  unstamped.' and  on  to- 
bacco, snuff,  and  cigars  removed  from  manufactory  in  like  manner. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     115 

On  legacies  and  successions,  and  on  incomes  and  dividends. 

The  redaction  in  the  amount  assessed  on  circulation,  which  has  been 
princi])ally  the  ten  i)er  (centum  tax,  on  notes  issued  by  manufacturing 
e.stivhlishments  and  used  for  circulation,  shows  how  nearly  this  kind  of  cur- 
rency has  been  supplanted  by  tlio  legal  money  of  the  country.  The  small 
amount  of  only  $1,'J21.S1  was  assessed  last  year  against  $10,788.02  in  the 
previous  fiscal  year.  It  may  be  also  stated  tliat  nearly  all  such  notes  on 
which  the  tax  was  assessed  have  already  been  withdrawn  from  circula- 
tion. 

The  reduction  of  taxes  assessed  on  fermented  liquors  and  tobacco, 
snutt",  and  cigars,  removed  from  the  place  of  manufacture  unstami)ed,  in- 
dicates a  better  observance  of  the  law  and  regulations  governing  the 
taxation  of  these  articles. 

The  reduction  of  the  tax  assessed  on  legacies  and  successions  and  on 
income  and  dividends  is  owing  to  the  increased  lapse  of  time  since  tlie 
repeal  of  the  laws  subjecting  these  objects  to  internal  revenue  taxation 
and  to  the  fact  that  those  taxes  have  been  almost  entirely  collected. 

The  most  remarkable  increase  exhibited  in  the  above  table  is  that  of 
taxes  assessed  on  the  ciipitaland  deposits  of  banks,  bankers,  and  savings 
institutions.  Tlie  atnount  thus  assessed  was  85,222,012.40  against 
S'^^'oo,  183.20  of  the  year  previous,  showing  an  increase  of  $1,200,820.20. 

As  stated  in  my  last  annual  report,  it  had  become  known  that  several 
banksinthelargercities  had,  by  misinterjnetationof  the  law,  understated 
in  former  reports  the  amount  of  their  cai)ital  and  deposits  subject  to 
tax.  Investigations  of  these  cases  leil  to  the  discovery  that  such  taxes, 
amounting  to  $722,705,  were  due  the  United  States. 

Following  up  this  discovery  a  circuhir  letter  was  addressed  in  October, 
1881,  to  each  collector,  requiring  him  to  request  from  all  banks  in  his 
district  a  re-examination  of  their  former  returns  and  to  report  as  to  their 
liability  to  additional  taxation. 

This  request  having  been  generally  complied  with,  and  voluntary  ad- 
ditional returnsmade  by  the  banks,  assessments  amounting  to  $100,070.79 
Mere  made  last  year  on  this  account.  This  amount,  added  to  that  pre- 
viously ascertained,  gives  a  sum  of  $1,183,381.70  so  far  assessed  as  tax 
due  from  previous  years.  In  addition  thereto,  an  amount  of  $25,510.23 
was  recovered  in  compromise  which  was  not  assessed.  The  total  tax  so 
far  recovered  by  the  government  is  therefore  $1,205,028.01. 

Several  cases  have  not  yet  been  fully  investigated  and  determined 
upon;  it  is  tlierefore  likely  that  some  further  and  perhaps  very  heavy 
assessments  will  result  therefrom. 

Deducting,  however,  the  above  $100,070.79  assessed  as  back  taxes 
from  the  total  amount  assessed  on  cai)ital  and  deposits  last  fiscal  year, 
it  still  leaves  the  large  amount  of  $1,701,335.01  a.ssessed  against  the 
banking  business  of  last  fiscal  year,  showing  an  increase  over  the  pre- 
vious one  of  $800,152.11.  E.\j)lanation  of  this  fact  is  found  in  the  enor- 
nu)us  growth  of  tlie  wealth  of  the  country;  the  total  average  capital  and 
dei»osils  emi)loyed  and  held  by  1)anks  and  bankers  other  tlian  national 
banks  last  year  being  $1,055,100,080,  an  increase  of  $250,100,308  over 
the  previous  year. 

In  exi)lanati()ii  of  tlie  increase  of  tax  asses.sed  on  deficiencies  in  the 
l)roducti()n  of  distilled  spirits  and  on  excess  of  materials  used  in  such 
production,  it  may  be  staled  that  most  of  these  assessnu'iits  cover  the 
unusually  large  i)rodiu'tion  of  ilistilled  sjiirits  in  the  year  ended  June 30, 
1881.  This  also  may  be  said  in  regard  to  the  increased  amount  assessecl 
on  distilled  si)iiits  fraudulently  removed  or  seized.  A  great  number  of 
distillers,  who  formerly  carried  on  an  illicit  business,  have  recently 


116 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING     .^lE 


submitted  to  tlio  law,  have  been  reffularly  rc|i8tered,  and  their  short- 
corn  in  ji's  are  now  ascertained  and  assessed. 

or  the  amount  re[)orted  as  assessments  of  penalties,  the  larger  pro- 
portion consisted  of  100  ])er  centum  penalties  assessed  against  banks 
under  a  decision  of  tlie  United  States  circuit  court  for  the  southern 
district  of  New  York  (German  Savings  Bank  v.  Joseph  Archbold,  col- 
lector), for  erroneous  returns  made.  This  decision  having  been  reversed 
by  the  United  States  Supreme  Court,  the  larger  part  of  these  assess- 
ments have  been  or  will  be  abated. 

ASSESS3IENTS  FOR  18S2. 


The  following  statement  shows  the  amount  of  assessments  in  each  of 
the  several  States  and  Teritories  of  the  United  States  during  the  fiscal 
year  ended  June  30,  1882,  and  includes  the  taxes  assessed  upon  capital 
and  deposits  of  banks  and  bankers : 


Alabama $32 

Arizona 6 

Arkansas 7 

California 376 

Colorado 37 

Connecticut 60 

Dakota 7 

Delaware 8 

Florida 6 

Georgia 61 

Idaho  

Illinois 348 

Indiana 163 

Iowa 158 

Kansas 54 

Kentucky 207 

Louisiana 64 

Maine 11 

Maryland 77 

Massachusetts 206 

Michigan 121 

Minnesota 70 

Mississippi 17 

Missouri 358 

Very  respectfully, 


Hon.  CHAS.  J.  FOLGER, 

Secretary  of  tJie  Treasury. 


,816  50 

, 946  79 

, 055  02 

,760  50 

, 736  31 

, 112  62 

,  370  03 

,589  04 

,366  30 

, 073  40 

639  81 

,377  39 

,419  97 

, 107  40 

,535  12 

,630  85 

,084  74 

, 242  47 

, 948  97 

,773  21 

,081  51 

,944  47 

, 515  20 

,838  95 

Montana $11,300  77 

Nebraska 32,634  18 

Nevada 8,333  84 

New  Hampshire 20, 852  51 

New  Jersey 33,647  66 

New  Mexico 4,948  60 

New  York 2,018,989  78 

North  Carolina 63,  082  02 

Ohio 261,395  53 

Oregon 17,117  76 

Pennsylvania 565, 936  43 

Rhode  Island 54, 022  96 

South  Carolina 16, 423  58 

Tennessee 56,419  81 

Texas 85,951  62 

Utah 13,795  48 

Vermont 16, 175  01 

Virginia 84,441  54 

Washington 7,654  47 

West  Virginia 34, 838  46 

AVisconsiu 124,618  80 

Wyoming 4,821  42 

Total 6,023,368  80 


GEEEN  B.  KAUM, 

Covimissioner, 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


117 


KEPORT  OF  THE  COMPTROLLER  OF  THE  CURREXCY. 


Treasury  Department, 
Office  of  the  Comptroller  of  the  Currency, 

Washington^  December  2,  1882. 

I  have  the  honor  to  suljinit  for  tlie  consideration  of  Congress  the 
twentieth  annual  report  of  tlie  Comptroller  of  tlie  Currency,  in  compli- 
ance with  section  333  of  the  Revised  Statutes  of  the  United  States. 

The  number  of  national  banks  organized  during  the  year  ending 
November  1,  1882,  has  been  171,  with  an  aggregate  authorized  capital 
of  $15,707,300.  Circulating  notes  have  been  issued  to  these  associa- 
tions amounting  to  $0,500,080.  This  is  the  largest  number  of  banks 
organized  in  any  year  since  1872,  and  they  are  located  in  the  following 
States  and  Territories : 


states  and  Teni- 
toriea. 


MaiDo 

New  Hampshire.. 

Massachusetts 

Counccticut 

New  Yoik 

Peunsylvauia 

Marvlaud 

Virj;iuia 

West  Virginia 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Texas 

Arkansas 

Kentucky 

MiBsoun 

Tennessee 

Ohio 

Indiana 


No.  of  I 
banks. 


Capital. 


$150,  000 
200,  000 
400,  000 
200,  000 

1, 302,  000 
865,  000 
350,  000 
305,  300 
100,  000 
75,  000 
10(1,  (100 
525,  000 
50,  000 

1,  010,  000 
305,  000 
305,  000 

1,  050,  000 
320,  000 


Circulation 
issued. 


$117,000 

180,000 

1U8.  000 

162,0(10 

774,  000 

357,  300 

45,  000 

139,  500 

4.'),  000 

67,  500 

90,  000 

160,640 

11,  240 

219,  600 

103,  .500 

166,  500 

039,  000 

148,  500 


states  and  Terri- 
torii'8. 


Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin  ... 

Iowa 

Minnesota  . .. 

Kansas 

Nebraska 

Colorado 

Oregon 

Utah 

Montana 

Wjotiiing. . .. 
Now  Mexico . 

Dakota 

Wasliington  . 

Arizona 

Calil'oniia 

United  States 


No.  of 
bauka. 

Capital. 

Circulation 
issued. 

13 

$1,  200, 000 

$375,  750 

6 

850,  000 

306.  000 

5 

325,  000 

153,  000 

13 

1, 125,  000 

50.5,  790 

6 

550,  000 

76,  500 

10 

COO,  000 

217,  790 

15 

1,  050,  000 

593,  970 

4 

270,  000 

144,  OiO 

1 

50.  000 

45,  000 

2 

150,  000 

99,  000 

4 

325.  000 

104,  000 

1 

200,  000 

45,  000 

o 

100,  000 

54,000 

0 

310,  000 

135, 000 

3 

250,  000 

81,000 

1 

100,  000 

30,600 

1 

100,000 

171     15,  767,  300  I      6,  500,  680 


These  banks  are  locnted  by  geogra])hical  divisions  as  follows :  Eastern 
States,  nine  banks  Mitli  a  capital  of  8i>50,000;  Middle  States,  twenty-si.x, 
with  a  cai)ital  of  $2,517,000;  Southern  Stntes,  twenty-nine,  with  a  capi- 
tal of  $2,775,300;  Western  States,  eighty-si.x,  with  a  capital  of  $7,0-10,000; 
Pacific  States  and  Territories,  twenty-one,  with  a  capital  of  $1,585,000. 

Nineteen  banks,  with  an  aggregate  cai)ital  of  $1,855,000  and  circu- 
lation of  $1,440,800,  have  voluntarily  discontinued  business  during  the 
year.  The  number  of  banks  organized  and  in  voluntary  liquidation  as 
given,  is  exclusive  in  each  case  of  those  banks  which  have  gone  into  vol- 
untary liquidation  during  the  year  and  have  been  succeeded  by  other 
banks,  with  the  same  or  nearly  the  same  shareholders. 

Three  national  banks,  since  November  1,  havi^  been  i)laced  in  the 
hands  of  receivers,  making  87  in  all  since  the  establishment  of  the  sys- 
tem. The  total  number  of  banks  which  have  voluntarily  closetl  their 
affairs  by  vote  of  shareholders  owning  two-thirds  of  their  stock,  umh'r 
sections  5220  and  5221  of  the  Revised  Statutes,  has  been  414;  72  of  this 
number  have  gone  into  licpiidation  within  the  past  year,  of  .which  53 


118 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


"were  closed  by  their  stockholders  for  the  purpose  of  organizing  new 
banks,  and  all  but  three  of  this  latter  number  in  antiei])ati<)n  of  the  near 
ap])roach  of  the  expiration  of  their  c()r])oratc  existence. 

The  sliarehohlers  of  six  banks  permitted  their  corjiorate  existence  to 
expire,  and  these  associations  are  in  liquidation  under  section  7  of  the 
act  of  July  12, 1882.  National  banks  are  organized  in  every  State  of  the 
Union  and  in  every  organized  Territory.  The  total  number  in  oi)eration 
on  October  3  last  was  2,2G9 — the  largest  number  that  has  ever  been  in 
operation  at  any  one  time. 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  resources  and  liabilities  of  the  national 
banks  at  the  close  of  business  on  the  3d  day  of  October,  1882,  the  re- 
turns from  New  York  City,  from  Boston,  Philadeli)lii:i,  and  lialtimore, 
from  the  other  reserve  cities,  and  from  the  remaining  banks  of  the  coun- 
try, being  tabulated  separately : 


KESOUUCF..^ 


Loans  ami  discounts 

Overdrafts 

Bonds  for  circulation 

Bonds  for  deposits 

U.  S.  bonds  on  band 

Otbor  stocks  and  bonds 

Due  from  reserve  ageuta 

Due  from  otber  national  banks. 

Due  from  otber  banks  and 
bankers 

Keal  estate,  furniture,  and  fix- 
tures  

Cun-eut  expenses 

Premiums 

Checks  and  other  cash  items.. 

Ilixcbanues  for  clcarins-'iouse.. 

Bills  of  other  national  banks. . . 

Fractional  currency 

Specie 

Lcfral-tendcr  notes 

,U.  S.  certiticatos  of  dei)Osit 

Five  ^>er  cent,  redemption  fund. 

Due  Irom  U.  S.  Treasurer 


Totals. 


I.IAlill.ITIES. 

Capital  st ock 

Surplus  fund 

ITniiivided  profits 

National  bank  notes  outstand- 


Stato  bank  notes  outstanding 

Dividends  unpaid 

Individual  deposits 

U.  S.  deposits 

Deposits  of  U.  S.  disbursin 

officei's 

Due  to  national  banks 

Duo  to  other  banks  and  bankers 
Xotcs  and  bills  rediscounted 
Bills  payable 


Totals. 


New  York 
City. 


50  banks. 


$239,041, 

1U8, 

22, 105, 

820, 

3,  545, 

12,  092, 


19,  258, 
3,  087, 


918 


10,  671,  839 

1,  092,  203 
Co5,  549 

2,  809,  544 
174,  929, 476 

1,  C;!4,  085 

43, 131 

44,  523, 8.?4 

10,  950,  390 

1,  970,  000 

963. 999 

020,  828 


Boston,  Pliila-  ^.,  „„  „„„„„,., 
dclphia,  and  Otl'^'-  reserve 


B.iltimore. 


102  banks. 


$201, 
52, 


91  banks. 


Country 
banks. 


2,026  banks. 


Aggregate. 


2,269  banks. 


$146,282,464  $651,024,606  $1, 238.  286,  .525 

372,403  I        4.360,333  4.916.694 

26,472,700  I    2."jO,  505,  «50  357,031,7.50 

3,883,000  i       10,747,000  16.111,000 

3,  803,  750  1 3.  492,  650  21,  314,  750 

4,  895,  008  40,  463,  909  60, 168, 917 
15,440,614  80,  (i64. 106  113.277.228 

9, 198,  735  26, 922,  833  08,  516, 841 


1, 126,  884 

6,501,659 

826,  941 

444,529 

1,337,998  i 

24, 148,  .573  I 

2,75.3,321 

31.  210 

15,  .^43,  221 

6,  727,  78J 

3,  175,  000 

2,  3.'.3,  504 

78.  005 


557,541,532  !  359,557,535 


51, 650,  000 
21,314,109 
13, 970,  754 

19, 270,  285 

47,446 

228.  865 

325, 208,  0C4 

42.5, 115 

127,  304 
90, 104,  275 
35, 134, 415 


557,  541,  532 


79.  208.  330 

22,501,193 

6,  712,  520 

46, 467,  247 

35, 154 

941,  (197 

151,  959,  431 

397,  200 

20,  986 

38,461,312 

12,  084,  059 

220,  000 

459,  000 


359,  557,  535 


3,364,283 

4,  000,  600 
852,  920 
702,  201 

1.  076,  034 
8,  384, 5!9 

'2,406,401 

50, 428 

12,960.384 

11,  310,  099 

2,  890,  000 
1, 103,  901 

108,  325 


9,  526,  383 

25,  302,  908 

4,406,190 

4,  642,  816 

9, 500,  449 

903, 952 

13,  8.34, 958 

271,  .599 

30,  024, 289 

28,  286, 396 

640,  000 

11,  336,  634 

538,  303 


17, 105, 468 

46.  537.  060 

7, 238.  :J00 

6.  .51.5, 1.55 

14,  784, 025 

208,  300,  .540 

20, 689, 425 

396.  368 

102.  857, 778 

63, 281,  267 

8,  675, 000 

15.818,093 

1. 345,  ,521 


259,812,295  1,222,922,314  ;  2,399,833,676 


46,080,995  '  300,074.888 
11,041,071    76,  .521.  077 

.5,283,721  ,   35,208,309 


483.104.213 
131,977.451 
61,  ISO,  310 


22,  365, 298 


1.57,931 

119,162,211; 

2,  563,  517 

567, 1.54 
29,  048,  962 
20,  019,  577 

879,  906 
1, 436, 947 


226,  618.  385  I  314, 721, 215 

138,  .-.77  I  221,177 

1,825.943  3,  ],-)3,  S3G 

526,082,132  1,122,472,682 

5, 431, 579  I  8,  817,  411 


2,  912,  343 
22,461,201 
12,  047, 6(11 
4.  647.  709 
2,  952,  570 


3,  627,  847 

189.  07.5, 750 

79.  885.  0.52 

5,  747.  015 

4.848,517 


259,  812, 295   1,  222,  922,  314     2,  399, 833,  076 


*The  reserve  cities,  in  addition  to  New  York,  Boston,  Philadtlphia,  and  Balliinoro.  are  Allv'ny, 
Pittsburgh,  Wa.sh)ngton,  New  Orleans,  Louisville,  Cincinnati,  Cleveland,  Chicago,  Detroit,  Milwaukee, 
Saint  Louis,  ind  San  Francisco. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY, 


119 


The  following  table  exliibits,  in  tlio  order  ot  their  capital,  the  twenty 
States  having  the  largest  amount  of  capitnl,  together  with  the  amount 
of  circulation,  loans  and  discounts,  and  individual  deposits  of  each,  ou 


October  3,  1882 : 


St^es. 


Capital.         Circulation. 


LouDS  and 
discuuuts. 


MassacLnosetts $95,  K52. 500 

New  York I  87.  .X),  .W 

Peunsjlvauia 67,  4.'iJ,  Oiil 

Ohio 3v,  t;o4,  oim 

Connecticut -5,  a.'iG,  .^-'0 

Rhode  Island :  '.'«,  31',,  c.-.O 

IllinoiH ]>','jS9,t'ii0 

Maryland Kt,  9-J2,  ii;jO 

Ipdiana \  T!,  :i2:j,  TOO 

New  Jersey ;  12,  375,  3.50 

KentueUv 1  ll,421,3r.O 

iliclii.'uii I  10,85.5,000 

ilaiue !  10,  ;«.5,  OUO 

Vermont 7,786,000 

Iowa I  7, 13.".,  COO 

Now  Hampshire '  C,  OSO,  000 

Minnesota !  5,  920,  000 

Missouri I  4,  980,  rtOO 

Tenufssee 3,715,300 

Virgiuia ;  3,203,000 


47, 

40, 
20, 
17, 
14, 
8, 
8, 
8, 
9, 
9, 
5, 
8. 
6, 
4, 
5, 
1, 
1, 
2 
2, 


."■.72. 889 
TM,  145 
618, 97G 
830,  022 
217, 7;»5 
143, 039 
790,  530 
793,  523 
117,470 
769,  701 
108,  G31 
793, 1.52 
090,  233 
4x7,307 
083,110 
147,  345 
98(5,  694 
883,  290 
780,  500 
C47, 100 


$195, 125,  .594 

335,  378,  784 

15t,  445,  805 

74,  442,  .'•71 

43,  40.-^,  889 

30,  078,  658 
73,117,709 
31,57.5,051 
27,5S5,4C1 

31,  481,  551 
19,  593,  643 
29,  825, 149 
18,937,910 
12, 186,  775 
17,  79:>,  344 

8,137,442 
17,  907, 894 
12,  890,  836 

8, 434,  524 
10, 444, 317 


Individual 
dei)osits. 


$114, 

409, 

148, 

60, 

24, 

11, 

69, 

23, 

24, 

28, 

11. 

26, 

10, 

5, 

IC, 

4, 

14, 

9, 

7, 

10, 


397  392 
934, 724 
490, 486 
734,  873 
933, 405 
400, 515 
763, 033 
995, 278 
942,  872 
600,052 
506,117 
238, 875 
433,  752 
955,  461 
169, 065 
5C9,  085 
045, 218 
608, 139 
590, 120 
293, 467 


COMPARATIVE   STATEMENTS  OF  THE  NATIONAL   BANKS  FOR   ELEVEN 

YEARS. 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  resources  and  liabilities  of  the  na- 
tional banks  for  eleven  years,  at  ueaiiy  corresponding  dates,  from  1872 
to  1882,  inclusive: 


Oct.  3, 

Sept  12,   Oct  2. 

Oct.  1, 

Oct.  2, 

Oct  1, 

Oct  1, 

Oct.  2, 

Oct  1, 

Oct.  1,   Oct  3, 

1872. 

1873. 

1874. 

1875. 

1870. 

1877. 

1878. 

1879. 

1880. 

188L      1882. 

1,919 

1,976 

2,004 

2,087 

2,089 

2,080 

2,053 

2,048 

2,090 

2, 132  1  2, 269 

banks. 

banks. 

banks. 

banks, 

banks. 

banks. 

banks. 

banks. 

banks. 

banks,  banks. 

1 

RBSOUnCEB. 

MilHona. 

JfiHiojM.   JfiVlnns 

itii'im: 

mWnnK. 

Millions. 

muion>. 

iliUinn'. 

Million: 

Million:  MiUloru. 

877.2 
382.  0 

944.  2      054. 4 

984.7 
370.3 

931.3 
337.2 

891.9 
336.8 

834.0 
347.6 

878.  5 
357.  3 

1,  041.  0 
357.  8 

1,  173.  8  1.  243.  2 

Bonds  ibrcirciilat'n 

388.3 

383. 3 

36:».3 

357.6 

Other U.  S.  bonds.. 

27.6 

2.3.6 

28.0 

28.1 

47.8 

45.0 

94.7 

71.2 

43.6 

56.5 

37.4 

Stocks,  bonds,  &.c. . 

23. 5 

23.7 

27.8 

33.  5 

34.4 

34. 5 

36.9 

39.7 

48.9 

61.9 

66.2 

Due  from  banks  . . . 

128.2 

149.5 

134.8 

144.7 

146. 9 

129.9 

138.  9 

167.3 

213.  5 

230.  8 

198.9 

Ileal  estate 

32.3 

34.7 

38.1 

42.4 

43.1 

4.5.2 

46.7 

47. « 

48.0 

47.3 

46.5 

Sjiecio 

10.2 

19.9 

21. 2 

8.1 

21.4 

22.  7 

30. 7 

42.2 

109. 3 

114.3 

102.9 

Leiral-tender  notesl 

102.1 

92.4 

80.0 

76.  5 

84.2 

66.9 

64.4 

69.2 

50.6 

5.3.2 

03.2 

Nat'1-bauk  notes . . . 

15.8 

16.1 

18.5 

18.5 

15.9 

1.5. 6 

10.9 

10.7 

18.2 

17.7 

20.7 

C.  H.  excharges  .. 

12.5.  0 

100.3 

109.7 

87.9 

100.  0 

74.5 

82.4 

113.0 

121.1 

189.2 

208.4 

U.  S.  cert,  ol'  ilenosit 

a? 

20.6 

42.  t 

48.8 

29.2 

33.4 

32.7 

20.  S 

7.7 

6. 71        8. 7 

20.  3 
18.3 

19.6 
19.1 

16.7 
19.1 

16.0 

28.7 

10.  5 
24.9 

17.0 
22.1 

17.1 
23.0 

17. 51      17. 2 

Other  resources 

25.2 

17.3 

26. 2|      28.  9 

Totals 

1, 75.5.  8 

1, 830.  o'l,  877. 2 

— 1 

1,882.2 

1,827.2 

1,741.1 

1,707.3 

1, 868.  8 

2, 105.  8 

2, 358. 4  2, 399. 8 

UAUII.ITIES. 

Capital  stock 

479.6 

491.  0     493.  8 

504. « 

499.8 

479.  5 

466.2 

454.1 

457.  6 

403.8 

483  1 

Sundusl'und 

Undivided  profits. . 

110.3 

120.  31     129.  ( 

134.4 

132.  2 

122.  8 

116.9 

114.8 

120.  5 

128.1 

132.0 

40.0 

54.5 

51.  5 

5.3.  0 

40.4 

44.  5 

41.9 

41.3 

40,1 

56.4 

61.2 

Circulation 

3:'.5. 1 

340.  n 

334.  2 

::i9. 1 

292. 2 

291. 9 

301.9 

313.8 

317.3 

320.  2 

31.5.0 

Duo  to  depositors. . 

628.  9 

640.0 

6k:i.  8 

679.4 

oi;«.  2 

030.  4 

608.4 

736.  9 

887.  9 

1,0S.3.1 

1,131.9 

Due  to  banks 

143.8 

173.0 

175.  8 

170.7 

179.  H 

101.  G 

165. 1 

201.  2 

207.  9 

294.9 

259.  9 

Other  liabilities 

11.5 

11. 5j        9.1 

11.8 

10.6 

10.4 

7.9 

6.7 

8.5 

11.0 

13.7 

Totals 

1, 755.  8 

1,830.6,1,877.2 

1, 882. 2 
1 

1. 827.  2 

1,741.1 

1,767.3 

1,  808. 8 

2, 105. 8 

2,  353. 4  2,  399.  8 

1 

120  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 

111  tliG  Appendix  will  be  ihuud  a  table,  showing-  the  principal  resources 
and  liiibilities  on  October  o,  1S82,  of  the  banks  in  the  fcstateSj  Territories, 
and  reserve  cities,  arranged  in  eight  divisions. 

NUMBER,   CAPITAL,   AND   DEPOSITS  OF  NATIONAL  BANKS,   STATE  AND 
SAVINGS-BANKS,   AND  PRIVATE  BANKERS. 

Section  333  oftlie  Eevised  Statutes  of  the  United  States  requires  the 
Comptroller  to  i)re.sent  annually  to  Congress  a  statement  of  the  condi- 
tion of  the  banlvs  and  savin.uvs-banks  organized  under  State  laws,  lie- 
turns  of  capital  and  deposits  are  made  by  these  institutions  and  by 
private  bankers  semi-annually,  to  this  department  for  purposes  of 
taxation.  I'rom  these  returns  the  following  table  has  been  compiled, 
exhibiting,  in  concise  form,  by  geographical  divisions,  the  total  average 
capital  and  deposits  of  all  the  State  and  savings-banks  and  private 
bankers  of  the  country,  for  the  six  months  ending  May  31,  1882: 


Geographical    d  i  v  i  - 

state  banks  and  trust 
companies. 

Private  bankers. 

Savings  banks  witli 
capital. 

Savings 
banks  with- 
out capital. 

sious. 

No.  Capital. 

Depos- 
its. 

No. 

Capital. 

Depos- 
its. 

No. 

Capital. 

Depos- 
its. 

No. 

Depos- 
its. 

New  Ensilaiicl  States.. 

Middle  States 

Southern  States 

Western    States  and 

Mill's. 

40       8. 32 

2051    40. 56 

24G     25. 37 

521     42. 54 

Mill's. 

24.96 
225.  51 

48.47 

153.  06 

104 

1014 

293 

1980 

Mill's. 

7.13 

62.19 

6.37 

38.56 

Mill's. 

9.42 

113.  08 

19.98 

153. 14 

2 
8 
6 

22 

Mill's. 
.09 
.61 
.53 

2.63 

Mill's. 
.77  418 
5.07   173 
1.23  1     2 

34. 17     29 

Mill's. 

421. 35 

473. 2C 

1.15 

34.07 

United  States... 

1012,  11G.T9 

452.  00 

3391 

114.  25 

205.  02 

38 

3.8C 

41.24   622       929.83 

1 

The  capital  of  the  2,239  national  banks  in  operation  on  July  1,  1882, 
as  will  be  seen  by  a  table  in  the  Appendix,  was  $177,181,390,  not  includ- 
ing surplus,  which  fund  at  that  date  amounted  to  more  than  131  mill- 
ions of  dollars;  while  the  average  capital  of  all  the  State  banks,  private 
bankers,  and  savings-banks,  for  the  six  months  ending  May  31,  1882, 
was  but  $231,929,97(3.  The  latter  amount  is  less  than  two-fifths  of  the 
combined  capital  and  surplus  of  the  national  banks. 

The  table  below  exhibits  the  capital  and  net  deposits  of  the  national 
banks  on  July  1,  1882,  together  with  the  aggregate  average  capital  and 
deposits  of  all  classes  of  banks  other  than  national,  for  the  six  months 
endingMay  31,  1882: 


Geogiaphical  divis- 

State    banks,     savinss- 
bauks,   private   bank- 
ers, &.C. 

National  banks. 

Total. 

Ko.     Capital. 

Deposits. 

No. 

Capital. 

Net  de- 
posits. 

No.     Capital.    Deposits. 

New  En  eland  States, 
cuddle  States 

564 

1400 

547 

2552 

MiUions. 

15.5 

103.4 

32.3 

83.7 

Millicns. 

456.5 

816.9 

70.8 

374.5 

557 
086 
200 

796 

Millions. 

165. 7 

173.3 

32.9 

105.3 

3[Ulions. 
191.4 
572.8 

Millions.    MiUioJU. 
1121  ;         181.2             647.9 
''(186           276.7         1, 3e9. 7 

.Sduthtin  Stales 

West  tin  States  and 
Territories 

02.0  j    747  1          65.2 
305.5  j  3348  1        189.0 

132.8 
680.0 

United  states.. 

5063 

234.9 

1,718.7 

2239 

477. 2  j     1, 131. 7  j  7302  j        712. 1 

2,850.4 

REPORT  OF  THE  SECRERARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


121 


The  total  number  of  banks  and  bankers  in  the  country  at  the  date 
named  was  7,."302,  with  a  total  banking  capital  of  $7]2.11'4,300,  and  total 
deposits  of  82,850,078,178.  '  • 

In  the  Appendix  vrill  be  found  similar  tables  for  various  periods  IVom 
1875  to  1882.  On  a  subsequent  ])age  in  tliis  report,  under  the  head  of 
"State  banks,  sa\ings  banks,  and  trust  companies,"  will  be  found  tables 
showing  the  resources  and  liabilities  of  these  corporations  for  thei)resent 
year,  and  in  the  Appendix  similar  results  for  preWous  years. 

A  table  arranged  by  States  and  principal  cities,  giving  tlie  number, 
capital,  and  deposits,  and  the  tax  thereon,  of  all  banking  in.stitutions 
other  than  national  and  of  the  private  bankers  of  the  couiitiy^  for  the 
six  mouths  ending  IMay  31,  1882,  and  for  previous  years,  will  also  be 
found  in  the  Appendix. 

The  following  table  exhibits,  for  corresponding  dates  nearest  to  jMay 
31  in  each  of  the  last  seven  years,  the  aggregate  amounts  of  the  capital 
and  deposits  of  each  of  the  classes  of  banks  given  in  the  foregoing 
table: 


National  banks. 

state  banlxs,  private 
bankers,  6cc. 

SavinKs  banks 
■w-itb  capital. 

Savings 
bankswith- 
out  capital. 

Total. 

Tears. 

No. 

Capi- 
tal. 

Depos- 
its. 

No. 

Capi- 
tal. 

Depos- 
its. 

Xo. 

Capi- 
tal. 

Depos- 
its. 

No. 

Depos- 
its. 

No. 

"^S!" 

Depos- 
its. 

2nirs. 

Mill's. 

Mill's. 

jfi7r«. 

Mills. 

Mill's. 

MiWs. 

Mill's. 

MiU's. 

1876... 

2091  1  500.4 

713.5 

3803 

214.0 

480.0 

26 

5.0  1    37.2 

691  1  841.6 

6011 

719.  4  1  2,  075.  3 

1877... 

2078  1  481.  0 

768.2 

3799     218. 6 

470.5 

26 

4.9  1    38.2 

670  ;  843.  2 

0,-)79 

704.  5  !  2, 120. 1 

1878... 

2056     470.4 

077.2 

3709     202. 2 

413.  3 

23 

3.2       26.2    668 

803.  3 

C4.50 
63«1 

675.  8  i  1,  920.  0 

1879... 

2048  i  455.  3 

713.4 

3039     107.0 

397.0 

29 

4.2  1     36.1  '644 

747.1 

650.  5 

1,  893.  5 

1880... 

2076  :  455.  9 

900.8 

3798     190. 1 

501.  5 

29 

4.0 

34.  6  1  629 

783.0 

0.-.32 

6.50.  0 

2,219.9 

If 81... 

2115 

460.2 

1,039.9 

4016     206. 5 

627.  5 

36 

4.2 

37. 6    (i29 

862.3 

C79C 

670.9 

2,  667.  3 

1882... 

2239 

477.2 

1,131.7 

4403     231. 0 

747. 6     38 

3.9 

41.  3  1  622 

929.8 

7302 

712.1 

2,  850. 4 
t 

EXTENSION   OF  THE   CORPORATE  EXISTENCE   OF   NATIONAL  BANKS. 


Section  11  of  the  national-bank  act  of  February  25,  18G3,  p^o^^de.'3 
that— 

Everj  association  formed  pursuant  to  tlio  provisions  of  this  act  may  niako  and  nse 
a  common  seal,  and  shall  have  succession  by  the  name  designated  in  Iho  articles  of 
association,  and  for  tho  period  limited  therein,  not,  however,  exceeding  twenty  years 
from  the  passage  of  this  act. 

i!^^inety-eight  national  banks  organized  under  this  act  were  entitled, 
under  their  organization  papers,  to  continue  for  nineteen  years  only, 
and  the  corporate  existence  of  307  other  banks  will  expire  ou  or  before 
the  close  of  business  on  February  21,  next. 

The  Comptroller  recommended  in  his  last  report — 

That  an  act  be  pa.ssed  during  tlio  present  session,  authorizing  any  national  bank, 
■with  the  approval  of  the  Comptroller,  at  any  tiuje  witliin  two  year.s  ))rior  to  tlio  date 
of  tlie  expiration  of  its  corporate  existence,  to  extend  its  period  of  succession  for 
twenty  years,  by  auKuidiug  its  articles  of  as.so(!ialiou.  Tim  bill  may  i>rf)vide  that 
such  amendments  must  bo  autliori/.ed  by  the  voles  of  sliari  hohbrs  owning  notless 
than  two-thirds  of  the  capital  of  the  association,  tho  amendment  to  bo  certified  to 
tlie  Coini)trol]er  of  tho  Currency,  by  tho  juvsideiifc  or  cashier,  voriiied  by  tiio  seal  of 
the  association,  and  not  to  bo  valid  until  the  C<uuj»trol!er'8  approval  thereof  shall 
have  been  obtained,  and  he  sliall  liave  given  to  tlu!  association  a  cerlilicatea  tlior- 
izing  it  to  continue  its  business  under  sucli  cxtiMision.  Responsibility  for  the  exten- 
sion of  the  coiporate  existenci'  of  (lie  banks  will  thus,  in  a  nn-asiire,  rest  with  the 
Comptroller;  and  he  can  require  such  ;tn  examinatiou  of  their  alVairs  to  l)e  made  prior  to 
granting  the  extension,  asmay  seem  to  him  proper,  in  (uder  to  asci-rtain  if  the  capital 
btock  is  intact,  and  all  the  assets  of  tlie  bank  iu  a  satisfactory  cuuditiuu.     •     *     • 


122  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

If,  for  any  reason,  tlio  legislation  herein  proyiosod  shall  not  bo  favorably  consiflcred 
by  Coiii>;ro.ss,  the  l)anks  ean  Htill,  under  the  present  laws,  renew  their  existence  if  tljey 
HO  (lesiiei)  and  in  the  absence  of  proliibitory  lej^islation  many  of  them  niidoiibtedly 
will,  on  tlie  exiiiralion  of  their  present  charters,  organize  new  associations,  witli  nearly 
the  same  sfoeldiolders  as  Ix-fore,  and  will  then  ap[)iy  for  and  obtiiin  from  tlie  Comp- 
trolhu- eertilieates  authorizing  them  to  continue  business  for  twirnty  years  from  tlie 
respective  (bites  of  their  new  f)rganizati()n  certificates.  Such  a  course  of  jjiocedure 
will  be  iKM-ft'ctly  legal,  and,  indeed,  under  the  existing  laws,  the  Comptroller  has  no 
discretionary  power  in  the  matter,  Init  must  necessarily  sanction  the  organization,  or 
reorganization,  of  such  associations  as  shall  have  conformed  in  all  respects  to  the 
legal  requirements. 

The  passage,  however,  of  a  general  act  directly  authorizing  an  extension  of  the  cor- 
porate existence  of  associations  whose  charters  are  about  to  expire  would,  in  many 
instances,  relievo  the  banks  from  embarrassment.  As  the  law  now  stands,  if  the 
Bharehohbnvs  of  an  association  are  all  agreed,  the  process  of  reorganization  is  simple  ; 
but  if  any  of  the  shareholders  object  to  such  reorganization,  they  are  entitled  to  a  com- 
plete liquidation  of  the  bank's  atiairs,  and.  to  a, pro  rata  distril>ution  of  all  its  assets, 
including  its  surplus  fund.  In  many  instances  executors  and  administrators  of  estates 
hold  national-bank  stock  in  trust;  and  while  they  might  jirefer  to  retain  their  inter- 
ests in  the  association  which  issued  the  stock,  tliey  would  perhaps  have  no  authority 
to  subscribe  for  stock  iu  the  new  organizations.  While,  therefore,  the  legislation 
asked  for  is  not  absolutely  essential,  yet  its  passage  at  an  early  day  would  be  a  great 
couveuieuce  to  many  of  the  national  banks,  and  especially  so  to  the  class  last  referred  to. 

Some  doubts  having  been  expressed  in  reference  to  tlie  right  of  the 
sharehoklers  of  national  banks  whose  corporate  existence  had  exi)ired 
to  organize  new  associations  with  the  same  names  as  those  wliich  had 
just  expired,  the  opinion  of  the  Attorney-General  was  requested  on  this 
point,  and  ou  the  23d  of  February,  1882,  an  opinion  was  given,  in  wbich 
he  said : 

The  present  national  banking  laws  do  not  forbid  the  stockholders  of  an  expiring 
corporation  from  organizing  a  new  banking  association,  nor  from  assuming  the  name 
of  the  old  corporation,  with  the  approval  of  the  Comptroller  of  the  Currency,  and,  in 
the  absence  of  any  prohibition  to  that  elfect,  no  legal  obstacle  to  the  formation  of  a 
new  association  by  such  stockholders,  and  the  adoj)tiou  of  the  name  of  the  old  asso- 
ciation, would,  in  my  opinion,  exist. 

He  also  said : 

I  do  not  know  of  anything  to  prevent  a  national  banking  association,  upon  the  ex- 
piration of  the  period  limited  for  its  duration,  from  being  converted  into  a  State  bank 
under  the  laws  of  the  State,  provided  it  has  liquidated  its  aifairs  agreeably  to  the  laws 
of  Congress  ;  nor  after  it  has  thus  become  a  State  bank,  to  prevent  such  bank  from 
being  converted  back  into  a  national  banking  association  under  section  5ir)4  of  the 
Revised  Statutes,  and  adopting  the  name  of  the  expired  corporation,  with  the  ap- 
proval of  the  Comptroller  of  the  Currency.  To  enable  a  State  bank  so  to  reconvert 
itself  into  a  national  banking  association,  authority  from  the  State  is  not  necessary.* 

In  conformity  with  this  opinion,  fifty  banks  have  been  organized  to 
succeed  other  institutions  whose  corporate  existence  has  expired  and 
which  had  previously  given  notice  of  liquidation.  These  banks  have 
in  most  cases  been  organized  with  the  same  title  as  that  of  the  banks 
which  had  been  iilaced  in  liquidation  aud  by  the  same  stockijolders. 

Soon  after  the  assembling  of  the  present  Congress  a  bill  was  intro- 
duced for  the  extension  of  the  corporate  existence  of  national  banks, 
embodying  the  recommendations  of  the  Comptroller.  It  was  subse- 
quently reported  to  the  House  from  the  committee  with  important  amend- 
ments, iind,  after  continued  discussion,  passed  on  May  oO,  1882,  by  a  vote 
of  125  ro  07.t  The  bill  was  amended  in  the  Senate  in  many  particulars, 
and  passed  that  body  on  June  22,  1882,  by  a  vote  of  31  to  \A,X  ami  was 
subsequently  passed  in  the  House  July  l6,  upon  the  report  of  the  con- 


*Casey  v.  Galli,  94  U.  S.,  G73. 
tCongressional  Record  No.  120,  p.  25. 
t/iid.,No.  147,  p.  32. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     123 

fcreiice  committee,  yeas  110,  nays  79,  not  voting  101,*  and  received  the 
approval  of  tiie  President  on  July  lU,  1SS2.  , 

The  act  provides  for  the  extension  of  tlie  corporate  existence  of  all 
national  banks  for  twenty  years  by  ainen(lii)f^  their  articles  of  asso- 
ciation, -which  amendment  shall  be  anthorizcd  by  the  consent  in  writ- 
Uig  of  sliareholders  owniiiu"  not  less  than  two-thinls  of  the  capital 
stock  of  tlie  association.  It  provides  tliat  tlie  Com])trolhn-,  npon  receipt 
of  the  api)lication  of  the  bank  and  the  amendment  certilied  by  the  as- 
sociation, shall  canse  a  special  exan)ination  to  be  made  to  determine  its 
condition,  and  authorizes  him  to  grant  his  certiiicate  for  the  proposed 
extension,  if  the  condition  of  the  association  is  found  to  be  satisfactory. 
It  provides  that  any  shaieholder  not  assenting  to  the  amendment  of  the 
articles  of  association  may  give  notice  in  writing  to  the  directors,  witliin 
thirty  days  of  the  date  of  the  certiticateof  approval  of  the  Comptroller, 
that  he  desires  to  withdraw  from  said  association,  in  which  case  he  is 
entitled  in  accordan(;e  with  the  method  provided  in  the  act  to  receive 
from  said  association  the  value  of  the  shares;  that  in  the  organization 
of  any  association  intende<l  to  rejjlace  any  existing  blinking  association 
and  retainnig  the  name  thereof,  holders  of  stock  in  the  expiring  asso- 
cmtion  shall  be  entitled  to  preference  in  the  allotment  of  the  shares  of 
the  new  bank  in  proportion  to  the  number  of  shares  held  b^*  them  re- 
spectively in  the  expiring  association  ;  that  the  circulating  notes  of  the 
association  extending  its  i)eriod  of  succession,  which  were  issueil  to  it 
previous  to  such  extension,  shall  be  retired  by  redemption  at  the  Treas- 
ury' ;  that  at  the  end  of  three  years  from  the  date  of  such  extension 
lawful  money  shall  be  deposited  by  the  bank  with  the  Treasurer  for  the 
redemption  of  the  circulation  then  outstanding;  that  any  gain  that 
may  arise  from  the  failure  to  present  such  circulating  notes  for  redemp- 
tion shall  enure  to  the  beuetit  of  the  United  States;  that  new  notes  sluill 
be  issued  to  the  baidcs  thus  extending,  bearing  such  devices  as  shall 
make  them  readily  distinguishable  from  those  previously  issued  and  tliat 
national  baidcs  whose  corporate  existence  has  expired  or  sliall  hereaiter 
exi)ire,  which  do  not  avail  themselves  of  the  privilege  of  extension,  shall 
give  notice  (jf  ]i(]uidation  and  (lei)osit  lawful  money  for  the  retirement 
of  their  circulating  notes  as  re{piired  by  law.  It  also  ])rovides  for  the 
extension  of  the  framdiise  of  ex|)iring  associations  for  tlie  sole  jjurpose 
of  liquidation  until  their  affairs  are  linally  closed.  Tlu' other  provis- 
ions of  tlie  act  in  reference  to  national  banks  are  general  in  their  char- 
acter and  do  not  exclusively  apply  to  banks  whose  corporate  existence 
is  extended  by  its  provisions. 

Innuediately  upon  the  passage  of  this  act  aitj)roi)riate  blanks  were 
prepared  for  the  use  of  tliose  banks  whose  corporate  existence  was 
about  to  expire,  and  new  circulating  notes  wen;  subsequently  issued  to 
such  institutions  as  conformed  to  the  law.  The  note  of  the  denomina- 
tion of  iive  dollars  has  for  its  vignette  the  ]>ortrait  of  the  late  Tresident 
(xariield.  The  iaces  of  the  notes  of  other  denominations  are  similar  to 
tliose  previously  issued,  but  all  the  new  notes  have,  as  a  distinctive 
feature,  the  charter  number  engraved  six  different  times  in  the  border, 
so  that  the  name  of  the  bank  issuing  the  note  may  be  ascei'tained  fi(nii 
fragments  thereof.  The  charter  number  of  each  bank  is  also  printed 
cons])icuously  in  the  center  of  the  reverse  or  back  of  each  note.  Tlu^ 
brown  and  green  colors  of  the  back  of  the  new  notes  are  said  to  be  a 
l)rotection  against  the  arts  of  the  photographer  and  counterfeiter,  and 

»Ibid.,  July  11,  16S2. 


124 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 


aro  printed  upon  (lie  now  (li.stiiictivc  paper  wliicli  lias  given  general 
satisfaction. 

Under  the  act  of  July  12,  1882,  30  l>anlcs  have  already  extended  their 
corporate  existence,  and  nearly  all  of  the  banks  which  were  organized 
under  the  act  of  February  25,  1803,  have  already  given  notice  of  their 
intention  to  take  advantage  of  the  act.  The  total  number  of  banks 
M'hose  cori)()rate  existence  either  has  expired,  or  would  have  expired  if 
no  action  had  been  taken  by  their  stockholders,  is  8G,  having  a  cai)ital 
of  $18,877,500,  and  surplus  of  $0,904,854,  and  circulation  of  $12,840,010. 
Of  these  50  were  ])laced  in  liquidation  by  their  stockholders  ])reviou.s 
to  the  date  of  the  expiration  of  their  corporate  existence,  and  all  but 
two  before  the  i)assage  of  the  act  of  July  12,  1882.  The  stockholders 
of  45  of  these  liquidating  banks  organized  new  associations  with  the 
same  name;  those  of  foar  organized  new  associations  with  different 
names,  and  those  of  one  did  not  perfect  any  new  organization.  The 
corporate  existence  of  six  of  the  SG  banks  first  mentioned  expired  * 
without  having  been  previously  put  into  liquidation.  The  united  stock- 
holders of  three  of  these  banks  perfected  new  organizations  with  the 
same  name,  and  in  the  case  of  two  others  a  portion  of  the  stockholders 
organized  new  associations  with  different  names,  while  those  of  one  took 
no  action.  The  stockholders  of  the  remaining  30  of  the  80  banks  men- 
tioned, which  are  all  of  the  banks  whose  corporate  existence  has  ex- 
pired since  the  passage  of  the  act  of  July  12, 1882,  have  extended  under 
this  act. 

The  number  of  national  banks  yet  in  operation  at  the  date  of  this  re- 
port, organized  under  the  act  of  February  25, 1803,  is  3U7,  and  their  cor- 
porate existence  will  expire  on  the  following  dates : 


Date. 


December,  1882 
January,  188:!.. 
February ,  1883. 


No.    of 
banks. 


10 

3 

294 


Capital. 


$1,  420,  000 

400,  000 

60, 793,  250 


Circulation. 


$1,  278,  000 

360,  000 

53,  222, 170 


Section  8  of  the  act  of  June  3,  1864,  provides  that  each  association — 

Shall  haA^o  power  to  adopt  a  corporate  seal,  and  shall  have  succession  by  the  name 
designated  in  its  organization  certificate,  for  the  period  of  twenty  years  from  its  or- 
ganization, unless  sooner  dissolved  accordiug  to  the  provisions  of  its  articles  of  asso- 
ciation, or  by  the  act  of  its  shareholders  owning  two-thirds  of  its  stock,  or  unless  the 
franchise  shall  be  forfeited  by  a  violation  of  this  act. 

Under  the  previous  act,  banking  associations  were  entitled  to  succes- 
sion for  twenty  years  from  the  date  of  the  passage  of  the  law  ,•  but  under 
the  act  of  1804,  each  association  was  entitled  to  an  existence  of  twenty 
years  from  the  date  of  its  organization  certificate.  The  Merchants'  Na- 
tional Bank  of  Boston  was  the  first  association  to  organize  under  the 
act  of  June  3,  18(54,  and  its  organization  was  followed  by  the  conversion 
of  28  other  banks  in  the  city  of  Boston  and  22  in  the  city  of  Philadel- 
phia during  the  same  year,  and  by  the  conversion  of  38  banks  in  the 
city  of  NcAV  York  during  the  year  1805. 

The  i)rovisions  of  the  act  of  July  12,  1882,  relating  to  the  extension  of 
the  corporate  existence  of  national  banking  associations,  have  proved  to 
be  well  adapted  to  the  purpose  for  which  they  were  intended.  The}'  are 
simple  in  form  and  appear  to  be  readily  understood  by  the  banks. 


*  These  baiilcs  were,  however,  revived  for  purpose  of  liquidation  by  section  7  of  the 
act  of  July  12,  18b2. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


125 


The  whole  number  of  banks  now  in  operation  whieli  or<]^anizcd  under 
the  act  of  June  3,  1801,  wliose  i)eriods  of  succession  will  expire  during 
each  year  previous  to  1900  is  1008,  with  capital  and  circulation  as  follows: 


Years. 


Ko.   of 
bauks. 


CapitaL 


Circulation" 


J  884  . 

18S0  . 

18^7. 

18S8 

1889. 

1890. 

1801  . 

1892  , 

1893  . 

1894  . 

1895  , 
1896 
1897  . 
1898. 
1899, 


Totals. 


249 
734 
19 
6 
11 
H 
03 

lor.  i 

105  ' 
39  i 

t;8 

83 
L'4 
'J9 

43 


$89,  Cll,  570 

188,  280,  715 

2, 715,  300 

1, 100,  OOO 

1,  300,  000 
600,  000 

9,  -JOO,  500 
13.293,900 
13,  035,  000 
4,  740,  iJi'O 
7,  688,  000 
10,  507,  000 

2,  018,  .800 

3,  019,  000 
2,  649.  000 

4,  930,  000 


354,  845,  985 


$00,520,  825 
125,  035,  4.i0 

1,  758,  250 
970,  500 
719, 100 
540,  OdO 

6,419,950 
9, 180,  280 
8,441.270 
3,  849,  400 
5,  804,  1,10 
7,  740,  180 
l,.'i.52,  500 
2, 151,  000 

2,  208,  6(10 

3,  910,  901 


241, 474,  355 


One  advantage  in  extending  the  corjiorate  existence  of  associations 
under  this  law,  over  the  only  method  jjossible  previous  to  its  passage, 
is  in  the  retention  of  the  surplus  fund. 

Thus,  in  the  case  of  the  hity-four  banks  which  have  been  liquidated, 
either  under  sections  5220  and  5221,  or  under  section  7  of  the  act  of 
July  12,  1882,  by  their  stockholders,  in  order  to  organize  new  associa- 
tions, the  surplus  was  reduced  from  85,510,007  to  $2,550,252. 

The  aggregate  surplus  of  the  thirty  banks  extending  their  existence 
under  the  act  of  July  12,  1882,  has  slightly  increased. 


COIN  A^TD  PArER   CIRCULATION   OF  THE   UNITED   STATES. 

On  another  page,  tables  similar  to  those  which  have  been  given  in  the 
three  preceding  annual  reports  are  iml)lislied,  exhibiting  the  amounts  of 
gold  and  silver  coin  and  pa])er  currency  which  were  in  the  Treasury,  in 
the  banks,  and  in  the  hands  of  the  ])eoj)le  at  the  time  of  the  resump- 
tion of  specie  payments,  and  on  the  1st  of  Ifovember  of  each  year  since 
that  date. 

The  total  amount  of  the  circulating  medium  of  the  country  ou  No- 
vember 1  is  given  as  follows : 

Treasury  notes  outstanding $340, 681, 016 

National  bank  notes  outstanding 302,  727,  747 

Gold  in  the  Treasury,  less  certificates  held  by  the  banks . .  148,  435,  473 

Standard  silver  dollars  in  tlrtj  Treasury 92,  414,  977 

Subsidary  silver  coin  and  silver  bullion  in  the  Treasury. .  30,  701,  985 

Coin  in  the  national  banks 102,  302,  003 

Coin  in  State  and  savings  banks 17, 892, 500 

Estimated  amount  of  coin  held  by  the  people 387, 502,  793 

Total 1,  488,  838,  554 

The  estimated  total  cinrcncy  of  <hc  country  on  November  1  tlius  ap- 
pears to  have  been  nunc  than  fourteen  huiulu'd  and  eighty  eight  millions, 


126  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

wliictli  is  fourhnndrcMl  and  tlurty-tlirce  millions  in  excess  of  tlio  amount 
held  on  Jamiary  1,  1870,  ami  one  hundred  and  ei^dity-six  millions  in 
excess  of  the  amount  held  two  years  ajjo — on  November  1,  1880.  The 
j?ain  in  .i;oldcoin  since  tlie  resumption  of  specie  payments  has  been  two 
hundred  and  eighty-eif^ht  millions,  and  in  gold  and  silver  coin  three 
hundred  and  ninety-1'our  millions.  The  increase  in  national  l)ank  notes 
lias  been  nearly  tliirty-nine  millions. 

Ko  change  has  been  made  in  the  amount  of  legal-tender  notes  out- 
standing. It  remains  at  $340,081,010,  which  was  the  amount  outstand- 
ing at  the  date  of  the  passage  of  the  act  of  IMay  31,  1878,  which  pro- 
hibited any  further  reduction  of  the  volume  of  these  notes. 

The  act  of  January  14,  1875,  required  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 
on  and  after  January  1,  1870,  to  redeem  in  coin  these  notes,  on  their 
presentation  at  the  oifico  of  the  Assistant  Treasurer  in  the  city  of  Kew 
York,  in  sums  of  not  less  than  fifty  dollars.  In  order  that  he  might  always 
be  prepared  to  do  this,  he  was  "  authorized  to  use  any  surplus  revenue 
from  time  to  time,  in  the  Treasury  not  otherwise  appropriated,  and  to 
issue,  sell,  and  dispose  of,  at  not  less  than  par,  in  coin,"  any  of  the  five, 
four  and  a  half,  and  four  per  cent,  bonds  authorized  by  the  Jict  of  July 
14,  1870.  This  act  is  still  in  force,  and  gives  the  Secretary  unlimited 
power  with  which  to  provide  for  the  redemption  in  coin  of  the  legal-ten- 
der notes.  He  is  thus  enabled,  so  long  as  the  credit  of  the  government 
continues  good,  to  check,  by  the  sale  of  United  States  bonds,  any  ex- 
portation of  coin  which  might  endanger  the  redemption  of  United  States 
legal- tender  notes. 

These  notes  were  issued  at  a  time  when  the  expenditures  of  the 
government  were  in  excess  of  its  revenue.  Its  receipts  now  so  largely 
exceed  its  expenditures  that  more  than  148  millions  of  the  public  debt 
was  paid  during  the  past  year.  The  only  reason  that  can  be  advanced 
for  the  increase  of  these  issues,  would  be  that  they  may  be  substituted 
for  other  forms  of  public  debt,  and  the  only  method  by  which  they  can 
now  be  disbursed  is  in  jjayment  of  United  States  bonds,  at  a  time  when 
the  bonds  are  being  paid  from  the  surplus  revenue  at  a  rate  unprece- 
dented in  the  history  of  nations.  It  is  evident  that  whatever  dilierence 
of  opinion  may  have  heretofore  existed  upon  the  subject,  so  long  as  the 
revenue  shall  continue  to  supply  more  money  than  is  needed  for  ex- 
penditures, there  can  be  no  suliicient  reason  for  the  authorization  by  Con- 
gress of  an  increase  of  these  notes. 

The  act  of  July  12,  1882,  has  again  inaugurated  the  policy  of  issuing 
gold  certificates.  These  substitutes  for  coin  are  hereafter  to  be  issued 
against  deposits  of  coin  in  the  Treasury,  and,  together  with  certificates 
for  silver  deposited  in  like  manner,  are  authorized  to  be  included  in  the 
reserves  of  the  banks,  and  to  be  used  as  clearing-house  certificates  in 
the  cities  where  clearing-houses  are  established.  They  will  not  increase 
the  amount  of  the  currency  in  the  country,  but,  by  saving  the  cost  of 
transporting  specie  from  one  ])oint  to  another,  will  render  the  stock  of 
specie  more  available  for  use  by  the  banks  and  the  people. 

The  Comptroller,  in  his  re])ort  for  1881, inelaborate  tables  giving  the 
receipts  of  banks  u])on  two  different  days,  showed  that  the  proportion 
of  money  required  for  the  transaction  of  business  throughout  the  whole 
country  was  about  five  per  cent,  of  the  total  receipts,  the  remaining 
ninety-live  per  cent,  being  in  checks  and  drafts.  There  has  been  dur- 
ing the  current  year  an  increase  of  171  in  the  numberof  national  banks 
in  operation,  and  during  the  three  preceding  years  the  increase  was  314. 
During  the  current  year  30  additional  State  banks  and  353  private  bank- 
ers have  commenced  business.    The  rapid  increase  in  these  i)laces  of 


KEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     127 

deposit  briugs  iuto  use  a  larger  uumber  of  tlie  small  cbeclcs  of  deposit- 
ors, and  largely  diminishes  the  use  of  the  eirculatinir  medinm.  These 
de])(jsitorieR,  and  the  amount  of  capital  employed  in  banUin^iT,  notwith- 
standing the  excessive  taxation  imposed  U[)on  this  l)usin<'ss,  nearly 
Iceep  ])aeo  with  the  advance  in  the  poi)ulation  and  wealth  of  the  coun- 
try;  but  the  incr(!aso  in  the  receipts  and  payment  of  banks  and  bank- 
ers, made  by  checks  ami  drafts,  shows  the  absurdity  of  the  theory  that 
the  money  reijuircd  for  business  purposes,  should  bear  a  tixed  propur- 
tionto  the  population  or  to  the  wealth  of  the  country. 

The  same  causes  which  have  operated  to  bring  about  a  rapid  reduc- 
tion of  the  public  debt  have  also  tended  to  increase  the  circulating  me- 
dium. The  large  imi>orts  of  coin,  in  excess  of  exports,  together  with 
the  ])roducts  of  the  mines,  have  filled  the  channels  of  circulation.  The 
circulation  during  the  past  year  has  undoubtedly  been  nuich  larger  than 
at  any  period  since  the  organization  of  the  government.  The  per  cajuta 
of  circulation  is  larger,  and  it  is  j^robable  that  its  proportion  to  wealth 
is  greater  than  at  any  previous  time.  It  is  undouI)tedly  large  enough 
to  su]i})ly  the  legitimate  demands  of  business;  and  it  is  ])robable  that 
the  addition  to  the  coin  of  the  country,  since  the  resumption  of  specie 
payments,  has  been  in  advance  of  sucli  demands.  There  has  been  no 
complaint  of  scarcity  of  money  which  cannot  i)robably  be  traced  to 
those  engaged  in  speculative  business,  and  however  great  the  aggre- 
gate of  the  circulating  medium  may  become,  complaints  of  scarcity  will 
always  be  heard  from  those  who  desire  a  rise  in  prices. 

Ko  other  nation  economises  the  use  of  its  circulating  medium  as  does 
this,  and  it  is  ])robable  that  but  a  slight  annual  increase  in  the  amount 
of  national  bank  notes  outstanding  will  hereafter  be  required,  provided 
that  the  exports  of  coin  are  not  greatly  in  excess  of  imports,  and  the 
receipts  from  our  increasing  revenue,  in  excess  of  the  re<piisite  reserve, 
are  kept  in  circulation  and  not  hoarded  in  the  Treasury. 

The  interest-bearing  bonded  debt  of  the  United  States  has  been 
rai)idly  reduced  since  18G9,  at  which  time  the  funding  of  the  miscel- 
laneous obligations  of  the  government  had  been  successfully  accom- 
plished. The  reduction  of  this  debt  during  the  twelve  years  ending 
June  30,  1881,  has  been  more  than  six  hundred  and  forty-eight  millions 
(8048,403,008)  and  the  amount  of  interest  jtaid  more  than  one  thousand 
two  hundred  and  seventy  millions  (81,1370,500,784) ;  the  average  annual 
])aymeut  of  the  principal  being  854,033,030,  and  of  interest,  $105,883,005. 
The  annual  average  reduction  in  the  interest-bearing  debt  during  the 
last  three  years,  ending  November  1,  has  been  81-0,^95,810.  The  re- 
duction during  the  past  year  was  $148,048,550. 

The  successful  rei'undingof  the  five  ami  six  per  cents  as  they  umtured, 
at  first  into  four  and  four  and  one-half  per  cents,  and  subsequently  into 
three  and  one-half  per  cents,  and  during  the  last  year  into  three  per 
cents,  together  with  the  ra[)id  reduction  of  the  debt,  has  had  theelVcct 
of  renewing  the  discussion  as  to  the  i)ermanency  of  the  national  banking 
system,  and  its  ability  under  existing  laws  to  sui)ply  the  atlditional  cir- 
culation which  may  be  hereafter  annually  nMiuirccl.  The  banlcs  hold  40 
millions  of  three  and  one-half  per  cents,  and  nearly  180  millions  of  three 
l)er  cents  as  security  for  their  circulation.  If  the  debt  should  hereafter 
continue  to  be  reduced  at  the  same  rate  as  during  the  last  year,  all  of 
these  bonds  will  be  called  for  payment  in  less  than  three  years,  and  it 
will  be  necessary  for  the  baidcs  holding  such  called  bonds,  either  to  de- 
])osit  lawful  money  for  the  ])urpose  of  retiring  two  hundred  millions  of 
their  circulation,  or  to  purchase  four  or  four  and  one-half  per  cents,  or 


128  PAPERS    ACCO^.rPANVIXG    THE 

Pacific  Railway  six  per  cents,  wbicli  are  now  at  a  high  premium  in  the 
market. 

Many  plans  have  been  suggested  for  the  purpose  of  supplying  the 
deficiency  in  l>nnk  circulation,  which  it  is  probable  will  arise  as  these 
bonds  are  paid. 

The  systems  of  banking  in  operation  previous  to  the  establishment 
of  the  national  banking  system,  and  particularly  those  known  as  the 
"charter"  and  "safety-fund"  systems,  have  been  brought  forward  for 
discussion,  and  opinions  have  been  exj^ressed  that  under  the  general 
restrictions  of  the  national  banking  system,  or  with  increased  limita- 
tions, it  would  be  advisable  for  Congress  to  authorize  the  issue  of  circu- 
lating notes  based  upon  the  capital,  the  assets,  and  the  individual  lia- 
bility of  stockljolders,  without  requiring,  as  heretofore,  the  actual  deposit 
of  securities  in  the  Treasury  for  such  issues.  It  has  been  suggested  if 
the  circulation  issued  be  considerably  less  than  the  actual  capital  paid 
up,  and  if  tlie  bill  holder  be  entitled  to  a  first  lieu  upon  all  the  assets  of 
the  bank,  and  to  the  amount  which  maybe  collected  upon  the  individual 
liability  of  the  shareholder,  that  the  people  would  be  abundantly  secure 
from  any  loss  upon  the  circulation  so  issued  by  the  banks.  As  supple- 
mentary to  this  proposition,  it  has  also  been  suggested  that  the  banks 
be  required  to  hold  not  less  than  the  minimum  amount  of  bonds  now 
provided  by  law,  which  is  estimated  not  to  exceed  100  millions  of  dol- 
lars, and  that  in  addition  they  be  required  to  deposit  ten  per  cent,  upon 
their  capital  in  coin  with  the  Treasurer  as  a  safety  fund,  and  that  they 
shall  continue  to  receive  each  other's  notes  in  payment  of  obligations 
due  them. 

It  is  not  probable  that  the  stockholders  of  those  banks  which  do 
not  desire  to  issue  circulation,  would  be  Vvilliug  to  continue  business 
upon  the  condition  that  they  should  contribute  so  large  an  amount  to  a 
fund  intended  to  insure  the  public  against  the  issues  of  fraudulent  or 
badly-managed  institutions.  It  is  suggested,  however,  that  the  propo- 
sition would  be  improved  if  banks  desiring  to  issue  circulation  be  re- 
quired to  contribute  to  such  a  fund  a  percentage  upon  the  circulation 
issued,  instead  of  a  percentage  upon  capital.  If  this  fund,  amounting 
to,  say,  30  millions,  be  held  in  TJnited  States  three  per  cent,  bonds  instead 
of  coin,  and  the  losses  from  the  circulation  of  insolvent  banks  be  small, 
the  interest,  in  the  course  of  a  few  years,  if  retained  as  proposed,  would 
amount  to  a  considerable  sum.  The  large  fund  on  deposit  in  the  Treas- 
ury for  the  purpose  of  redeeming  the  notes  of  national  banks  retiring  cir- 
culation now  amounts  to  more  than  38  millions.  If  it  should  be  thought 
expedient  to  invest  a  considerable  portion  of  this  fund  in  three  per  cents, 
thus  releasing  it  from  the  Treasury,  the  income  might  also  be  added  to  the 
safety  fund.  The  gain  resulting  from  the  failure  on  the  part  of  the  pub- 
lic, to  present  for  redemption  national  bank  notes  which  are  being  retired 
by  an  act  of  the  present  Congress,  accrues  to  the  benefit  of  the  govern- 
ment, and  it  is  estimated  will  amount  to  not  less  than  from  three  to  five 
millions  during  each  twenty  years.  This  gain  might  also  properly  be 
included  in  the  proposed  safety  fund,  and  in  the  course  of  a  few  years 
these  funds,  by  reinvestment,  would  increase  to  so  large  an  amount, 
that  the  securities  required  to  be  deposited  by  the  banks  could  be 
largely  diminished. 

The  foregoing  propositions  have  no  precedents  in  any  form  of  general 
legislation  heretofore  known  in  this  country.  Circulation  authorized 
upon  similar  plans  has  heretofore  been  issued  to  banks  which  have  been 
specially  chartered,  and  not  to  banks  organized  under  a  general  law. 

is^earlj'-  every  State  in  the  Union  has  had  its  experience  in  authorizing 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     129 

the  issue  of  bank  notes,  based  exclusively  upon  the  capital  and  assets 
of  the' banks  issuing  the  same;  and  many  States  have  required  the  ac- 
cumulation of  a  safety  fund  for  the  protection  of  the  public  from  un- 
secured and  uncurrent  bauk  notes.  In  most  cases  circulation  was 
authorized  to  be  issued  by  such  banks  equal  to  the  capital ;  sometimes 
the  amount  issued  was  less ;  sometimes  it  largely  exceeded  the  capital. 

The  Sufiblk  system  in  the  New  England  States,  which  was  perhaps 
as  good  a  system  as  could  bo  desired  to  protect  a  bank  circulation  not 
secured  by  bonds,  by  a  prompt  and  vigorous  redemption  of  the  notes, 
kept  them  in  a  healthy  state,  but  the  annual  losses  upon  bank  circula- 
tion, even  in  the  New  England  States,  up  to  the  time  of  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  national  banking  system,  were  by  no  means  inconsiderable. 
Notwithstanding  the  restrictions  then  existing,  banks  of  circulation  were 
organized  with  but  little  capital  paid  in,  and  notes,  either  worthless  or 
irredeemable,  were  placed  in  circulation  atpoints  remote  from  the  places 
of  issue.  In  New  York  under  the  safety  fund  system,  and  previous 
thereto,  losses  to  the  bill  holders  frequently  occurred,  and  in  other  States, 
almost  without  exception,  such  losses  were  large,  and  have  usually  been 
estimated  to  have  been,  in  the  aggregate,  not  less  than  five  per  cent, 
annually  of  the  whole  amount  outstanding.  It  is  true  that  there  are 
in  England,  Ireland,  and  Scotland  119  private  and  joint-stock  banks, 
with  many  branches,  which  are  authorized  to  issue  circulation  based 
upon  their  capital,  but  their  authorized  circulation  is  only  about  100 
millions  of  dollars.  Thirty-five  banks,  with  numerous  branches  in  the 
Dominion  of  Canada,  are  also  authorized  to  issue  circulation  in  a  similar 
manner,  but  the  total  circulation  of  these  banks  does  not  exceed  35 
millions.  Most  of  these  are  banks  which  have  been  in  existence  for 
many  years,  and  were  organized  under  special  charters,  and  the  liability 
of  the  shareholders  in  many  cases,  particularly  in  Great  Britain,  is 
unlimited. 

No  State  or  nation  has  ever  authorized  the  organization  of  banks 
under  a  general  banking  law,  with  the  right  to  issue  circulating  notes 
proportionate  to  capital,  except  under  a  restriction  requiring  the  de- 
posit with  the  government  of  securities  as  the  basis  for  the  issue  of  such 
notes.  Banks  in  this  and  in  other  countries,  which  have  been  authorized 
to  issue  circulating  notes  without  security,  have  been  those  organized 
under  special  charters,  and  in  granting  such  charters  the  means  and 
character  of  the  applicants  and  proposed  stockholders  are  subject  to 
investigation  by  committees  and  legislators.  Propositions  for  the  issue 
of  circulation  without  the  fullest  security  cannot  be  too  carefully  con- 
sidered. The  security  of  the  national-bank  note  under  the  present  sys- 
tem is  perfect.  In  twenty  years  not  a  single  bank  note  has  failed  to 
be  redeemed  at  its  face  value.  Banks  organized  under  a  general  law, 
located  so  often  at  great  distances  from  commercial  centers,  render  a 
security  for  circulation  of  uniform  and  positive  value  an  absolute  ne- 
cessity. It  is  evident  that  the  authorizing  of  nuire  than  tliree  thousand 
banks,  under  a  general  or  free  banking  law,  to  issue  circulation  without 
security,  located  in  a  country  having  such  extensive  territory'  as  our 
own,  would  result  disastrously. 

Under  the  present  banking  system  it  is  diflicult  in  all  cases  to  pre- 
vent the  organization  of  banks  with  deticient  capital,  but  if  such  banks 
are  organized,  at  least  no  injury  can  hai)i)en  from  the  issue  of  their  cir- 
culating notes.  The  failure  to  pay  the  capital  is  almost  certain  soon 
to  bo  ascertained,  when  such  associations  can  bo  summarily  closed,  or 
required  to  make  good  the  deficiency.  If  under  the  proposed  system, » 
banks  should  be  organized  with  deticient  capital  and  receive  circula- 
9Ab 


130  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 

tion,  an  inoparablc  injury  would  be  acconijdislied  l)eforo  tlie  worth- 
less cliarac-tcr  of  the  assets  could  be  ascertained.  It  would  be  practi- 
cally impossible  for  any  government  officer  to  prevent  unpiincipled 
jien  from  organizing  and  controlling  such  associations  for  the  purpose 
of  beneti ting- themselves  at  the  expense  of  the  holders  of  their  circu- 
lating notes. 

There  are  in  this  country  more  than  a  thousand  State  banks  and  trust 
companies,  and  nearly  thirty-four  hundred  ])rivate  bankers.  Tlie  temp- 
tation would  be  strong,  on  the  part  of  these  corporations  and  individ- 
uals, to  organize  banks  of  circulation,  if  circulation  could  be  obtained 
without  depositing  bonds  as  security  therefor.  The  value  of  the  different 
notes  issued  would  depend  upon  the  management  of  the  l)ank  and  char- 
acter and  standing  of  the  different  stockholders.  Many  notes  would  be 
at  a  discount  in  exchange  for  coin,  and  the  failure  of  one  bank  to  pay 
its  notes,  would  throw  discredit  upon  the  whole  volume  of  bank  circula- 
tion and  the  system  under  which  such  banks  were  organized.  If  the 
issue  of  circulation  were  confined  to  a  few  banks,  organized  by  men  of 
character,  integrity,  and  means,  such  associations  would  be  character- 
ized as  a  monopoly.  Even  if  corporations  are  organized  upon  the  con- 
dition that  all  should  contribute  a  percentage  of  the  circulation  to  a 
safety  fnnd  for  the  protection  of  the  aggregate  circulation,  there  is 
danger  that  the  issues  of  fraudulent  or  badly-managed  banks  would 
soon  consume  the  safety  fund,  and  it  is  evident  that  the  circulation 
would  be  paid,  if  at  all,  at  the  exjiense  of  tiie  depositor,  who  would  be, 
in  some  cases,  stripped  of  the  dividends  which  under  existing  laws  are 
distributed  to  unfortunate  creditors. 

Under  the  national  banking  system,  it  is  provided  that  the  circula- 
tion issued  shall  first  be  paid  from  the  proceeds  of  the  bonds  deposited 
to  secure  the  same.  The  proceeds  of  the  remaining  assets  are  distrib- 
uted pro  rata  among  the  creditors.  Eighty-seven  national  banks,  in  all 
having  an  aggregate  capital  of  $19,202,000,  have  failed  during  the  last 
twenty  years,  and  since  the  organization  of  the  system.  The  amount 
of  circulation  to  which  these  banks  were  entitled  under  existing  laws, 
namely,  ninety  per  cent,  upon  capital,  is  $17,330,340,  which  is  a  less 
amount  in  the  aggregate  than  the  amount  of  dividends  which  will  have 
been  paid  to  the  creditors  of  these  insolvent  institutions.  Forty-four 
of  these  banks,  having  a  capital  of  $10,094,000,  would  each  have  paid 
in  full  their  circulation,  if  ninety  per  cent,  had  been  issued  upon  their 
capital,  from  the  proceeds  of  their  assets,  and  would  also  have  paid 
small  dividends  to  their  depositors.  The  remaining  forty-three  insol- 
v^ent  banks,  having  a  capital  of  $9,168,60(5,  would  in  the  aggregate 
have  paid,  it  is  estimated,  seventy-five  per  cent,  only,  from  the  avails  of 
their  assets  upon  the  circulation  authorized;  entailing  a  loss  upon  the 
bill-holders  of  over  $2,000,000,  and  leaving  no  assets  whatever  for  the 
benefit  of  the  depositors,  whose  claims  are  $9,043,605,  and  upon  which 
dividends  will  be  paid  averaging,  it  is  estimated,  sixty-eight  per  cent. 
While  these  forty-three  banks  would  in  the  aggregate  have  paid  seventy- 
five  per  cent,  to  the  bill-holders,  about  one-half  of  this  number  would 
have  i)aid  on  the  average  from  the  avails  of  their  assets  not  exceeding 
fifty  per  cent,  of  the  amount  of  their  circulating  notes. 

The  losses  which  the  holders  of  the  notes  of  insolvent  banks  would 
have  experienced  under  the  national  banking  system,  if  securities  had 
not  been  required  to  have  been  deposited,  would  have  been  small  in  com- 
parison with  the  whole  circulation.  But  the  fact  that  such  losses  would 
have  occurred  in  so  many  banks,  and  that,  too,  at  the  expense  of  the  de- 
positors under  a  system  with  so  many  safeguards  and  restrictions,  is 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


131 


an  ar<]fiinient  from  experience  against  any  projiosition  to  issne  notes  for 
circulation  under  any  oeneral  system,  without  requiring  sutticieut  secu- 
rity, wbich  cannot  easily  be  answered. 

If  tlie  public  debt  is  to  be  i)ind  hereafter  as  rapidly  as  during  the  past 
three  years,  all  of  the  interest-bearing  bonds  will  soon  be  surrendered, 
and  canceled,  and  there  is  danger  that  the  bank  circulation  will  be  so  rap- 
idly retired  as  to  cause  a  contj-action  of  the  currency  which  will  affect  the 
price  of  commodities  and  create  embarrassments  in  business;  but  there 
is  now  no  such  pressing  necessity  for  a  speedy  i)ayment  of  the  public 
debt  as  there  is  for  the  reduction  of  the  redundant  revenue.  It  is  be- 
lieved that  Congress  will  soon  provide  for  so  large  a  reduction  of  the 
revenue  that  a  sufficient  amount  of  bonds  will  remain  for  the  security  of 
the  bank  circulation. 

The  national  banks  held,  on  November  1,  bonds  for  circulation,  not 
paj'able  at  the  pleasure  of  the  government,  as  follows : 

Four  and  one-half  per  cent,  bonds §3:5, 754, 650 

Pacilic  Kaihvay  sixes 3,  52G,  UllO 

Four  i>er  cent,  bonds 104,'J17,500 

Total 14-^,198,150 

None  of  these  bonds  will  be  payable  until  nine  years  hence,  in  the 
year  1891.  Tlie  total  amount  of  bonds  outstanding,  hchl  by  the  banks 
and  by  the  people,  which  are  available  for  circulation,  and  not  payable 
at  the  pleasure  of  the  government,  and  cannot  be  redeemed  except  by 
purchase  in  the  market,  is  as  follows : 

Four  per  cents.,  payable  July  1,  1907 $7;;3, 929, 600 

Four  and  one-half  per  cents.,  payable  September  1,  1891 250,000,000 

Pacific  Eailway  sixes,  payable  ^-epteniber  1,  1895 $;{,  002,  000 

Pacilic  Railway  sixes,  payable  Sei)tfniber  1,  1896 8,000,000 

Paciiic  Kailway  sixes,  payable  Sei»t('niber  1,  1S97 9,712,000 

Pacific  Railway  sixes,  ])ayal)le  Septeniber  1,  1898 29, :58:!, 000 

Paciiic  Railway  sixes,  payable  SeptenilxT  1,  1899 *14, 520,512 

64, 623, 512 

1,053, 55.'?,  112 

These  bonds,  including  the  Pacific  sixes,  amount  to  nearly  1,054: 
millions,  and  are  abundantly  sntlicient  as  a  basis  for  banking  during 
the  next  twenty  years.  In  fact,  oiuvfourth  of  this  debt,  exclusive  of  the 
142  millions  held  by  the  banks,  is  sulllcient  to  supply  a  basis  for  the  bank 
notes  now  outstanding.  The  law  provides  that  any  bank  may  reduce 
the  amount  of  its  bonds  held  as  security  for  circulation,  to  an  amount 
not  less  than  $50,000,  and,  by  an  act  of  the  present  Congres.s,  banks 
having  a  capital  of  $150,000  or  less  can  reduce  their  bonds  to  a  mini- 
mum of  one-fourth  of  their  capital.  The  aggregate  anmnnt  of  baidc  cir- 
culation outstanding  has  not  bcsen  reduced  for  a  series  of  years,  as  may 
be  seen  from  the  following  table,  which  gives  the  total  amount  of  the 
national  bank  circulation  outstanding  on  the  1st  of  June  and  1st  of  .No- 
vember of  each  year  since  1873 : 


Date, 

NatioTinl-bank 
uotos. 

Date. 

Nnlioiial-biink 
uotcs. 

Jiimi  1, 1874  

$3.'-il,8:.0,.'-.02 
3r..l,  .1 -..5, 473 
;>:hi,  oii.'i,  <.ao 
;!iit,  (liifi,  lii'j 

:)■'.'!,  988,  (IS."! 

;!'2i),  .'i:t!i,4ii 
;u.^  is.'i,  78,'! 

354.  151,718 
35SI,  875, 334 

1 

November  1, 1874  ............ 

$354,  077, 246 
348,  21(5,  «H)3 
323,241  3U8 

Jmii-  1, 1K7.5 

NoVtMllIXT  1, 187.'> 

JiiiiM  1, 187ti  

Jiiic  ],  l,<77 

Juno  1,  IS7S  

>'<ivoiiilMr  1, 1877 

NovcMiili.T  1,1878 

Novt-niliiT  1, 187i) .... 

318,207,231 
^C'j  Ado  71.5 

Jlm(^l,  1^7!t 

337  181  418 

JuiiO  1,  |M,-<0 

Novi'iiilu'r  1, 1880 

343  834   17 

June  1, 1881 

Novi-nibrr  1,1881 

360,  344,  2.50 
3C2,  7'J7,  747 

June  1,1882 

November  1, 1882 

^$183, 512  of  tills  amount  u  payable  in  19jU,  and  |4,C60  in  1002, 


182 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 


Tl)o  abovo  t;!l)lo  (exhibits  the  total  circulation  actually  outstanding, 
whicli  iiicludcK  the  notes  of  the  iii.solvent  banks,  of  those  in  voluntary 
liquidation,  ami  of  those  which  have  deposited  lawful  money  for  the  pur- 
pose of  reducing-  their  circulation. 

The  cinudation  of  the  banks  in  operation  during?  the  present  year 
has,  howev(u-,  by  tlie  paynuint  of  the  bonds  held  as  security  and  the 
voluntary  retirement  of  bank  notes,  been  reduced  from  $.'320,200,009  to 
$;U4,721,2]o,  as  will  be  seen  from  the  table  below,  which  gives,  by  geo- 
grapliical  divisions,  the  amount  of  notes  outstanding  of  the  banks  in 
operation  in  the  mouth  of  October  yearly  since  1877. 


1877. 

1878. 

1879. 

No.  of 
bauks. 

Circulation. 

l^nkS      Circulation. 

No.  of 
banks. 

Circulation. 

Now  Kiipland  States 

543 
633 
176 
693 

$107,  308,  787  00 

102,  562,  331  00 

20,  604, 171  00 

58,  542,  738  00 

2,  856,  209  00 

.543   $112,100,441  00 
635      109, 134,  919  00 
17G       21,  837,  670  00 
663       55,  850,  523  00 
36         2,  958,  539  00 

547 
641 
175 
649 

$117,  088,  368  00 
113,121,339  00 

Southern  St:ites 

23, 478, 426  00 
56,  921,  027  00 

Pacific  States  and  Territories 

35 

36           3, 177, 182  00 

2,080 

291,  874, 236  00 

2,053 

301,  888,  092  00 

2,048 

313,  786,  342  00 

1880. 

1881. 

1882. 

No.  of 
banks. 

Circnlation. 

No.  of 
banks. 

Circulation. 

No.  of 
banks. 

Circulation, 

New  England  States 

Middle  States 

550 
657 
179 
660 
44 

$121, 460,  013  00 

110,  765,  602  00 

24,  305,  338  00 

57,  048, 761  00 

3, 770, 322  00 

554 
668 
185 
673 
52 

$123,  764,  682  00 

111,  639,  689  00 

24,  698,  702  00 

56,  268,  899  00 

3,  828,  097  00 

558 
686 
208 
743 
74 

$119,  658,  618  00 
109,  0.39,  214  00 

2,5, 105,  793  00 

56,  376,  988  00 

Pacific  States  and  Territories 

4,  540,  602  00 

2, 090     317, 350, 036  00 

2,132 

320,  200,  069  00 

2, 269       314, 721,  215  00 

The  reduction  from  January  1  to  July  1  of  the  present  year  -was  still 
greater,  and  amounted  to  more  than  16  millions,  but  the  amount  has 
again  increased,  as  is  usual  in  the  fall  season  of  the  year.  Banks,  during 
the  year,  have  been  frequently  called  upon  to  surrender  their  bonds  to 
the  Secretary  for  payment.  In  sucli  cases  the  three  and  the  three  and 
one-half  per  cents  have  usually  been  substituted  or  the  circulation  sur- 
i-endered.  The  amount  of  four  and  four  and  one-half  per  cents  held  as 
security  for  bank  notes  have,  however,  during  the  year  increased  more 
than  14  millous. 

The  banks  hold,  as  has  been  seen,  220  millions  of  dollars  of  United 
States  bonds  which  are  subject  to  the  call  of  the  government,  and  these 
bonds  can  be  replaced  only  by  other  bonds  bearing  a  high  premium, 
a  lid  payable  after  a  fixed  date.  If  these  latter  bonds  are  not  substituted 
for  the*  former,  the  circulation  of  the  banks  will  be  reduced  about  200 
millions. 

The  profit  upon  circulation  upon  the  four  and  foiu'  and  a  half  per  cent, 
bdiuls,  where  the  rate  of  interest  is  six  per  cent.,  is  not  much  in  excess 
of  three-lifths  of  one  percent.,  and  where  the  rates  of  interest  are  above 
<'ig]it  i)or  cent,  the  profits  are  nominal,  and  are  not  sufficient  to  induce 
T  ho  banks  to  purchase  large  amounts  as  security  for  circulation.  Where 
the  profits  are  so  small  there  is  a  serious  objection  to  the  investment  of 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     133 

SO  largo  an  amount  of  capital  iu  premium,  wbicb,  in  the  case  of  four  per 
cent,  bonds,  amounts  to  one-fiftb  of  tbe  face  value  of  tbe  bonds. 

If  tbe  wbole  public  debt  were  reduced  to  a  uniform  rate  of  three  per 
cent.,  tbe  present  bigb  premium  upon  bonds  would  almost  entirely  dis- 
appear, and  tbe  volume  of  circulation  would  resi)ond  more  readily  to 
tbe  demands  of  business.  Tbe  temptation  to  sell  sucb  bonds  for  the 
purpose  of  realizing  tbe  premium  would  no  longer  remain.  A  prop- 
osition for  refunding  all  tbe  bonds,  not  payable  at  tbe  jileasure  of  the 
government,  into  three  ])er  cents,  was  suggested  during  the  last  ses- 
sion of  Congress.  Tbe  proposition  is  that  inducements  be  offered  to  the 
bolders  of  tlie  four  and  four  and  one-half  per  cent,  bonds  to  surrender 
them  to  the  government,  receiving  in  payment  therefor  three  per  cent, 
bonds  having  the  same  dates  of  maturity  as  the  bonds  which  are  to  be 
surrendered.  The  new  three  per  cent,  bonds  issued  would  themselves 
bear  a  small  i)remium,  and  it  is  believed  that  tbe  holders  of  four  per 
cents,  would  consent  to  such  an  exchange  if  accom])anied  by  an  otfer 
of  not  more  than  hfteen  per  cent,  premium.  Tbe  amount  of  tbe  pre- 
mium upon  this  class  of  bonds,  say  700  millions,  now  outstanding  at 
fifteen  per  cent,  would  be  lO.j  millions  of  dollars,  and  this  i)remium 
could  be  paid,  as  the  bonds  are  surrendered  for  exchange,  from  tbe 
surplus  revenue  of  the  government,  thus  in  effect  reducing  the  debt  of 
the  government  105  millions  by  a  prepayment  of  interest  which  must 
be  paid  at  a  greater  rate  eacli  year  until  their  maturity. 

Tbe  benefits  of  this  plan  both  to  the  holder  and  to  tbe  government 
are  apparent.  The  bolders  would  receive,  in  the  shape  of  fifteen  per 
cent,  premium  upon  the  bonds,  a  portion  of  their  interest  in  advance, 
which  would  be  available  for  loans  at  rates  greatly  exceeding  tbe  bor- 
rowing power  of  tbe  government,  Avhich  is  now  less  than  three  i^er  cent. 
Tbe  government  would  be  enabled  by  this  use  of  its  surplus  to  save  a 
])ortion  of  the  interest  which  otherwise  it  would  be  compelled  to  pay 
hereafter. 

The  market  price  of  the  four  per  cent,  twenty-five-year  bonds  is  now 
119.20,  which  indicates  a  market  estimate  of  a  borrowing  rate  of  interest 
of  2.92  per  cent.  i)er  annum  to  tbe  government.  At  tliis  rate  the 
l)resent  value  of  one  i)er  cent,  of  interest  njjon  each  $100  bond  annually 
for  twenty  live  years,  relincniisbed  by  tbe  holder,  is  817.70.  If  tbe  holder 
accepts  fifteen  dollars  as  an  equivalent  for  tlu^se  twenty-five  annual 
l)ayments,  instead  of  $17.70 — a  reduction  of  82.70  from  tbe  market 
estimate  of  tbe  value — the  government  will  ])ractically  jjurcliase  from 
tbe  bolder  of  the  bond  at  a  four  and  one-half  i)pr  cent,  rate  of  interest 
instead  of  at  2.!)2  per  cent.  In  other  words,  tbe  present  value  of  the 
twenty-five  one  dollar  annual  payments  relinquished  by  the  holder,  when 
comi»uted  at  tbe  rate  of  2.92  i)er  cent,  per  annum,  is  worth  817.70;  but 
com])uted  at  tbe  rate  of  four  and  one-half  i)er  cent,  is  worth  only  $15,  a 
premium  whicli,  it  is  believed,  tbe  holders  would  be  willing  to  accei)t; 
and  if  tbe  government  be  alilc  to  invest  its  siirphis  revenue  at  a  rate  so 
favorable  to  itself  as  four  and  one-half  per  cent.,  tbei'e  would  seem  to  be 
good  reason  for  Congress  to  ])rovi«le  the  necessary  legislation  for  author- 
izing an  arrangement  which  can  also  be  shown  to  be  of  advantage  to  tbe 
hohlers  of  tbe  four  ]»er  cent,  bonds. 

One  alternative  would  be  to  reduce  the  tax  upon  circulation  to  "one- 
half  of  one  jier  cent,  per  annum,  and  anotber  to  amend  section  12  of  the 
act  of  July  12,  1882,  so  as  to  authorize  tbe  banks  to  receive  circulation 
at  the  rate  of  ninety  ])v.v  cent.  ui»on  tlie  average  current  market  value  of 
the  bonds  for  the  six  months  juevious.  Jf  tbe  bonds  shall  decline  in 
the  market,  additional  bonds  may  be  required  to  be  deposited,  or  the 


134  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

interest  may  be  retained  by  the  Treasurer  upon  notice  from  tlie  Comp- 
troller to  malce  u])  the  deticiency.  vSucli  an  amendment  lias  frequently 
been  Ru^gested,  and,  in  fact,  the  orij^inal  national  Itank  act  autliorized 
the  issue  of  circulating  notes  to  the  amount  of  90  per  centum  of  the 
current  market  value  of  United  States  six  per  cent,  bonds  deposited, 
provided  that  such  90  per  centum  was  not  in  excess  of  the  amount  of 
the  bonds  at  their  par  value,  or  in  excess  of  the  paid-in  capital  stock. 
That  law  also  provided  for  the  deposit  of  additional  bonds  or  money  upon 
their  depreciation,  or  the  suspension  of  payment  of  interest  upon  the 
bonds  held,  so  lonjj  as  the  depreciation  should  continue. 

It  is  submitted  that  the  issue  of  circulation  upon  four  and  four  and 
a  half  per  cents  at  ninety  per  cent,  upon  their  current  market  value, 
under  a  restriction  similar  to  that  last  mentioned,  is  equally  safe  \nth. 
the  issue  of  ninety  per  cent,  upon  the  three  per  cents  now  outstanding 
at  par;  or  that  a  reduction  of  the  tax  upon  circulation  to  one-half  of 
one  per  cent.,  or  to  an  amount  sufBcient  to  reimburse  the  Treasury  for 
the  whole  expense  of  the  issue  of  bank  circulation  and  all  expenses  in- 
cident thereto,  is  not  unreasonable  in  view  of  the  fact  of  the  large  re- 
duction upon  the  income  derived  from  United  States  bonds,  amounting 
to  more  than  two  per  cent,  since  this  tax  was  imposed. 

Either  of  these  plans  is  feasible  and  woukl  prevent  a  sudden  contrac- 
tion of  the  currency,  by  bringing  into  possession  of  the  banks  a  sufticient 
amount  of  bonds  to  supply  the  circulation  which  is  needed,  and  is  cer- 
tainly greatly  to  be  i>referred  to  the  propositions  for  a  large  increase  in 
legal-tender  notes — if  such  issues  were  practicable — or  to  the  issue  of 
bank  circulation  without  a  deposit  of  bond  security  under  restrictions 
however  stringent. 

If,  however,  it  shall  be  the  policy  of  the  government  to  accumulate 
the  revenue  instead  of  largely  reducing  it,  thus  rendering  it  necessary 
to  continue  the  rapid  reduction  of  the  debt  even  if  it  is  to  be  purchased 
at  the  x)rice  fixed  by  the  holders,  it  is  of  the  greatest  importance  that 
the  basis  upon  which  the  bank  currency  is  issued  should  be  enlarged  so 
as  to  include  some  other  form  of  security  besides  government  credit. 

The  national  banking  system  has  been  in  operation  nearly  twenty 
years,  and  may  be  said  to  have  not  yet  attained  its  majority.  It  is  part 
of  the  machinery  of  the  government.  Its  advantages  have  been  well 
tested  in  good  and  in  evil  times,  and  during  the  searching  and  acrimo- 
nious discussions  of  the  last  ten  years,  the  final  result  of  which  has  been 
the  legislation  of  the  present  Congress  authorizing  the  extension  of  the 
period  of  succession  of  each  one  of  these  institutions  for  twenty  years 
from  the  date  of  the  expiration  of  its  corporate  existence.  The  Comp- 
troller, while  he  believes  it  is  for  the  best  interests  of  the  government 
to  continue  the  national  banking  system,  subject  to  such  improvements 
as  shall  hereafter  be  authorized  by  Congress,  is  after  all  of  opinion  that 
it  would  be  better  that  the  circulation  shouhl  diminish  in  volume,  than 
that  the  issue  should  be  increased  at  the  risk  of  placing  in  the  hands 
of  the  poorer  classes  uncnrrent  and  irredeemable  circulation,  or  of  giv- 
ing to  associations  organized  by  unscrupulous  men  an  opportunity  to 
use  an  excellent  system  of  banking  for  bad  i)urposes. 

The  national  banking  system  was  established  with  a  view  to  up- 
root other  and  evil  systems,  and  nothing  but  the  heroic  legislation 
of  taxing  bad  issues  of  circulation  out  of  existence,  which  was  passed 
in  the  interests  of  the  government  during  a  great  war,  could  have  ac- 
com]>lished  this  purpose.  By  increasing  the  rate  of  issue  upon  the 
bonds  i)ledged  by  the  banks  as  security  for  their  circulation,  or  by 
reducing  the  tax  upon  bank  notes,  or  by  a  proper  refunding  of  the  debt, 


REPOET  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OP  THE  TREASURY. 


135 


and  reducing  the  revenue  derived  in  many  instances  from  unjust  and 
burdensome  taxation,  the  system  may  continue  for  twenty-five  years, 
or  until  the  maturity  of  the  four  per  cents ;  but  it  is  far  better  that  the 
right  to  issue  notes  shouhl  be  gradually'  discoutinued  than  tliat  so  good 
a  system  should  be  used  to  bring  again  upon  the  country  the  very  evils 
which  were  experienced  at  the  time  of  its  organization,  twenty  years  ago. 

DISTRIBUTION   OF   COIN   AND   TAPER   CURRENCY. 

In  the  reports  of  the  Comptroller  fur  the  three  years  ])receding  18S5, 
tables  have  been  given  showing  tlie  amount  of  coin  and  currency,  and 
its  distribution  in  the  Treasury,  in  the  banks,  and  in  the  hands  of  the 
people  on  January  1,  1879,  the  date  of  the  resum]>tion  of  specie  pay- 
ments, and  on  November  1  of  that  and  eacli  succeeding  year.  These 
tables  are  again  presented,  the  amounts  on  November  1,  1882,  having 
been  added. 

From  November  1, 1881,  to  November  1,  1882,  the  production  of  gold 
by  the  mines  of  the  United  States  is  estimated  at  $13,359,021,  and  the 
amount  of  gold  exported  from  the  country,  in  excess  .of  the  amount  im- 
ported, has  been  $36,122,536.  The  difference,  $7,236,485,  is  the  increase 
during  the  year.  The  Director  of  the  ]\Iint  estimates  that  $2,700,000  of 
this  amount  has  been  used  in  the  arts,  leaving  $4,536,485  as  the  increase 
in  the  stock  of  gold  remaining  in  the  country  and  available  for  circula- 
tion. The  total  excess  of  imports  of  gold  over  ex])orts,  from  the  date 
of  resumption  to  November  1, 1882,  has  been  $161,311,578,  and  the  total 
gold  i)roduct  of  the  mines  of  the  United  States  for  the  same  period  is 
estimated  to  have  been  $147,509,021.  This  is  the  first  year  sinc^e  1879 
during  which  the  exportation  of  gold  has  exceeded  the  imi)ortation. 
During  the  last  two  months  (September  and  October,  ]4;82)  the  imports 
Lave,  however,  slightly  exceeded  the  exports. 

The  amount  of  standard  silver  dollars  coined  during  the  year  has  been 
$27,657,175,  and  the  total  amount  coined  up  to  November  1,  1882,  since 
the  passage  of  the  law  of  February  28,  1878,  authorizing  their  coinage, 
has  been  $128,329,880. 

The  following  table  shows  the  amount  of  coin  and  currency  in  the 
country  on  Januarv  1,  1879,  and  on  November  1  of  the  years  1879, 1880, 
1881,  and  1882 : 


Jarmary 
1,  i«7a. 

NoveniLer 
1, 1879. 

Novoniber 
1, 1880. 

Novpnibor 
1, 1881. 

November 
1, 1882. 

$27P,  310,120 
100,573,803 
340,081,010 
323,791,074 

$3r.r.,6Si,r.32 

120,009,537 
340,681,011) 
337,181,418 

^53,  882,  092 
158,320,911 
340,081,010 
343,8;t4,  107 

$502,  5fiS,  971 
ISO,  037,  365 
340,081.010 
300,  344,  250 

$.567,105,450 

212,324,335 

LeKal-tt'iuler  notes 

340,081.010 
302,  727,  747 

Totals 

1,055,350,019 

1, 165.  553,  503  \1, 302, 718,  720 
1 

1,455,031,002 

1, 488, 838,  554 

There  has  been  no  change  in  the  aggregate  of  legaltondor  notes  out- 
standing, which  remains  as  lixed  by  the  act  of  May  31, 1878.  National- 
bank  notes  have  increased  $2,383,497  during  the  year  ;  the  amounts  of 
gold  and  silver  coin  have  increased  $4,536,485  and  $26,280,970,  respec- 
tively, making  a  total  increase  in  coin  and  currency  of  $33,206,952. 

The  table  below  gives  the  portion  of  coin  and  cunency  held  by  the 
United  States  Treasury,  and  by  the  national  and  State  banks.  The 
amounts  in  the  Treasury  are  ior  the  same  dates  as  in  the  preceding 

*  Estimate  of  Diiector  of  tbe  Mint,  -which  includes  bullion  in  process  of  coinage. 


136 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 


table,  and  those  in  tlie  national  banks  are  ior  the  dates  of  the  bank  re- 
turns nearest  thereto,  viz,  January  1  and  October  2,  3879,  October  1, 
1880  and  1881,  and  October  3, 1882.  The  amounts  in  the  State  banks, 
trust  companies,  and  savings  banks  have  been  comjnled  in  this  office 
from  official  reports  for  the  nearest  obtainable  dates. 


January 
1,  1879. 

November 
1,  1879. 

November 
1,  1880. 

November 
1,  1881. 

November 
1,  1882. 

GOLD. 

In  tbo  Treasury,  less  certiii- 
cati's 

.$112,  703,  342 
35,  039, 201 
10, 937,  812 

$156,  907,  986 
37, 187, 238 
12, 171, 292 

$133,  679,  349 
102,  851,  032 
17, 102, 130 

$167  781  909 

«i4fi  i-ir,  475 

lu  national  banks,  inclading 

107  222  169          oi  197  no>i 

Zn  State  banks,  including  cer- 

19, 901, 491 

17, 892,  500 

Total  gold  

158,  680,  355 

206, 266,  516 

253,  632,  511 

294, 905,  569 

260, 455, 297 

SILVER. 

In  tbe  Treasury,  standard  .sil- 
ver dollars _. 

In  the  Treasury,  bullion. .'. 

In  tbe  Treasury,  fractional  coin . 

17,  249,  740 
9, 121,  417 
6,048,194 
6,  460,  357 

32, 115,  073 

3,  824, 931 
17,  854,  327 

4,  980, 492 

47, 156,  588 
6, 185,  000 

24,  635,  561 
6, 495.  477 

66,  576,  378 
3,  424,  575 

25,  984,  687 
7, 112,  567 

92,  414  977 

4, 012,  503 

■    26,749,482 

8,  234, 739 

Total  silver 

38,  879,  908 

58,  780,  823 

84, 472,  626 

103,  098,  207 

131.411.701 

CURRENCY. 

In  the  Treasury,  less  certifl- 
cates 

44, 425,  655 

126, 491,  720 

25,  944,  485 
14,  513,  779 

21, 711,  376 

118,  546,  369 

25,  555,  280 
15.  880.  921 

18,  221, 826 

86, 439,  925 

25,  828,  794 
17,  072,  680 

22,  774,  830 

77,  630,  917 

27,  391,  317 
11,  782,  243 

26,  224, 248 
92,  549,  767 

27,  086,  482 
14,  724,  978 

In  n.itional  banks,  including 
certificates 

In  State  banks,  including  cer- 

211,  375,  639       181,  693,  946 

147,563,225       139,579,307 

160,  580, 475 

Grand  totals 

408,  935, 902 

446, 741, 285 

485,  668,  362 

537,  583,  083 

552, 447, 473 

If  the  amounts  of  gold  and  silver  coin  and  of  currency  in  the  above 
table — that  is,  the  amounts  of  these  items  in  the  Treasury  and  the  banks — 
be  deducted  in  each  case  from  the  amounts  of  gold  and  silver  coin  and 
currency  in  the  country,  as  shown  in  the  first  table,  the  remainder  will 
be,  approximately,  the  amounts  which  are  in  the  hands  of  the  people, 
as  follows: 


January 
1,  1879. 

November 
1,  1879. 

November 
1,  1880. 

November 
1,  1881. 

November 
1,  1882. 

Gold 

$119,  629,  771 

67,  693,  895 

459,  097,  051 

$149,415,016 

67,  228,  714 
502, 168, 488 

$200,  250, 181 
73,  848, 285 
542,  951,  898 

$267,  663, 402 

82,  939, 158 

567, 445, 959 

$306,  650, 159 

Silver 

80,  912,  634 

548, 828, 288 

Totals 

646,420,717 

718,  812,  218 

817,  050,  364 

918,  048,  519 

936,  391,  081 

The  gold  in  the  Treasury,  including  bullion  in  the  process  of  coinage, 
has  decreased  during  the  year  $19,340,436,  and  in  the  banks  $15,103,846. 
The  paper  currencj'  in  the  Treasury  has  increased  83,449,418,  and  in  the 
banks  $17,557,650.  The  increase  of  gold  outside  of  the  Treasury  and 
the  banks  has  been  $38,986,757,  and  the  decrease  of  paper  currency, 
exclusive  of  silver  certificates,  $18,617,671.  In  the  foregoing  tables 
the  silver  certificates  issued  by  the  Treasury  have  not  been  included,  but 
the  standard  silver  dollars  held  for  their  redemption  on  presentation 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     137 

form  a  portion  of  the  silver  coin  in  the  Treasury.  The  silver  certificates 
in  the  hands  of  the  people  and  the  banks,  at  dates  corresponding  -with. 
those  given  in  the  preceding  tables,  were  as  follows: 

January  1,  1879 $413,360 

November  1,  1879 1,004,370 

November  1,  18b0 19,780,240 

November  1,  1881 r)8,838,770 

November  1.  1882 (55.620.450 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  amount  of  these  certificates  in  circulation  has 
increased  only  $6,781,080  during  the  past  year,  and  if  this  whole  increase 
were  held  outside  of  the  banks,  it  would  not  offset  the  decrease  of 
$18,617,071  in  other  forms  of  paper  currencj^  in  the  hands  of  the  people, 
for  which  coin  has  been  substituted. 

As  before  stated,  the  total  amount  of  standard  silver  dollars  coined 
up  to  November  1,  1882,  was  $128,329,880,  of  which,  as  shown  in 
one  of  the  foregoing  tables,  $92,414,977  was  then  in  the  Treasury,  al- 
though an  amount  equal  to  $65,620,450  was  represented  by  certificates 
in  the  hands  of  the  people  and  the  banks,  leaving  $26,794,527  belonging 
to  the  Treasury.  Of  the  $128,329,880  coined,  $35,914,903  was  therefore 
circulating  outside  of  the  Treasury  in  the  form  of  coin,  and  $65,620,450  in 
the  form  of  certificates.  The  remainder  of  the  silver,  883,994,455,  con- 
sisted of  subsidiary  coin,  trade  dollars,  and  bullion,  of  which  $30,761,935 
was  in  the  Treasury,  and  $53,232,520  w^as  in  use  in  place  of  the  paper 
fractional  currency  for  which  it  was  substituted,  as  against  $55,955,398 
similarly  employed  on  November  1, 1881.  The  increase  of  gold  and  sil- 
ver coin  and  paper  currency,  outside  of  the  Treasury,  since  the  date  of 
resumption  is  thus  estimated  to  have  been  $289,964,414,  and  the  increase 
during  the  year  ending  November  1,  818,336,612;  or,  if  the  amount  of 
silver  certificates  in  circulation  be  added,  the  total  increase  since  re- 
sumption would  be  $355,172,504,  and  during  the  past  year,  $25,118,292. 

ILLEaAL    CERTIFICATION    OF  CHECKS. 

The  i)ractice  of  certifying  checks  had  been  in  use  for  more  than  thirty 
years,  previous  to  the  organization  of  the  national  banking  system,  and 
at  least  twenty  years  i)revious  to  the  establishment  of  the  clearing  house. 

In  the  beginning,  this  certification  was  not  considered  as  legally'  bind- 
ing the  bank  to  pay  the  check.  For  many  years  it  had  little  significa- 
tion other  than  as  giving  clerical  information,  and  the  amount  of  the 
check,  when  certified,  was  not  charged  to  the  account  of  the  drawer 
until  it  was  afterwards  presented  for  payment.  Subsequently,  after  the 
year  1854,  when  the  clearing  house  was  organized,  it  became  the  custom 
to  present  checks,  and  also  bills  receivable  or  acceptances  on  the  day  of 
maturity  at  the  bank  where  they  were  made  payable  for  certification. 
The  bills  and  checks  which  were  certified,  Avere  then  returned  to  the 
bank  messenger  who  had  presented  them,  and  on  the  following  morning 
were  transmitted  to  the  clearing  house  with  other  exchanges. 

The  certification  consisted  of  tlie  signature  of  the  i)aj'ing  teller,  written 
across  the  face  of  the  paper  inside  of  a  stamp  bearing  the  date  of  the 
certification  and  the  title  of  the  bank.  This  Ibrm  of  certification  was 
regarded  as  a  legal  obligation  of  the  bank,  and  the  amount  of  the  check 
was  charged  to  the  account  of  the  drawer  at  the  date  of  the  certification. 
If  the  maker  or  acceptor  of  notes  or  bills  was  in  good  standing  at  the 
bank  at  which  it  was  made  payable,  such  bills  were  not  unfrequently 
certified,  even  if  the  full  amount  was  not  to  the  credit  of  the  account  to 


138  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

whicli  it  waR  subsequently  charged.  Bills  or  cliecks  are  usually  pre- 
sented for  certilication  during  the  first  business  hours  of  tlje  day,  and 
the  deposits  of  merchants  and  brokers  are  not  usually  made  until  the 
later  hours  of  the  day.  The  oflicers  of  the  l)ank,  who  know  the  usual 
habits  of  their  dealers  in  making  their  deposits,  as  w(;ll  as  their  respon- 
sibility, do  not  hesitate  to  assume  the  payment  of  checks  or  drafts 
which  they  feel  assured  will  be  ]n-ovided  for  before  the  exchanges  of 
the  clearing  house  are  received.  If  these  certifications  were  confined  to 
mercantile  and  commercial  transactions,  little  objection  would  have 
been  raised  to  the  practice,  and  it  is  not  probable  that  tliere  would  have 
been  any  legislation  prohibiting  it.  It  would  certainly  seem  to  be  ad- 
visable to  leave  to  the  discretion  of  a  bank  the  right  to  accept  bills 
drawn  by  corres])on dents  at  a  distance,  or  by  merchants  at  home,  whose 
standing  is  beyond  question,  and  whose  deficiency  in  the  account  is 
known  to  arise  from  delay  in  receiving  remittances  or  making  deposits. 
A  refusal  to  certify  or  pay  under  such  circumstances  would  be  likely  to 
subject  the  bank  to  the  loss  of  the  accounts  of  its  most  valuable  dealers. 

Such  legitimate  certifications  in  mercantile  or  commercial  transactions 
are  for  compaiatively  small  amounts,  and  would  not  attract  attention 
as  a  large  item  in  the  abstracts  of  the  condition  of  the  banks  in  the  city 
of  New  York,  to  which  this  practice  is  chiefly  confined. 

The  large  use  of  these  instruments  by  which  the  banks  in  efi'ect 
guarantee  the  contracts  of  stock-brokers  with  their  customers  has 
grown  to  be  a  great  abuse  during  the  past  few  years,  and  cannot  be  de- 
fended ujion  any  correct  principle  of  banking.  This  business  is  chiefly 
done  by  nine  or  ten  national  banks,  although  other  banks,  organized 
under  State  laws  as  well  as  national,  certify  similar  checks  for  consid- 
erable amounts. 

Section  5208  of  the  Eevised  Statutes  makes  it — 

Unlawful  for  any  officer,  clerk  or  agent  of  any  national  banking  association  to  cer- 
tify any  check  drawn  upon  the  association,  unless  the  person  or  company  draw- 
ing the  check  has  on  deposit  with  the  association,  at  the  time  such  check  is  certified, 
an  amount  of  money  equal  to  the  amount  specified  in  such  check. 

There  are  many  methods  of  evading  this  law.  If  certification  is 
required  in  excess  of  the  amount  on  deposit  a  demand  note  is  made, 
and  the  amount  thereof  is  entered  to  the  credit  of  the  broker  desiring 
the  accommodation;  or  his  check  upon  another  bank  is  received  with- 
out certification,  and  a  temporaiy  credit  entered  upon  his  account,  and 
these  temporary  credits  are  canceled  at  the  close  of  business  when  the 
account  has  been  made  good.  Brokers  asking  for  such  over-certifica- 
tions keep  large  balances  to  their  credit,  on  which  the  bank  pays  no 
interest.  Certification  is  made  without  charge,  the  bank  recei\ing  its 
compensation  in  tlie  large  deposits  which  s1:and  to  the  credit  of  the 
broker.  The  banks  justify  the  practice  upon  the  ground  that  it  is  of 
great  convenience  to  the  community,  and  that  stock  transactions,  par- 
ticularly, could  not  be  carried  on  without  some  such  arrangement.  They 
insist  that  for  many  years  only  trifling  losses  have  arisen  from  the 
practice — very  much  less  than  the  losses  incurred  by  them  in  ordinary 
discounts. 

Section  13  of  the  act  of  July  12, 1882,  provides  : 

That  any  officer,  clerk,  or  agent  of  any  national-banking  association  who  shall 
willfully  violate  the  provisions  of  an  act  entitled  "An  act  in  reference  to  certifying 
checks  by  national  banks,"  approved  March  third,  eighteen  hundred  and  sjxry-uine, 
bein^  section  lifty-two  hundred  and  eight  of  the  Eevised  Statutes  of  the  United  "Stutes, 
or  who  shall  resort  to  any  device,  or  receive  any  fictitious  obligation,  direct  or  collat- 
eral, in  order  to  evade  the  provisions  thereof,  oV  who  shall  certify  cliecks  before  the 


EEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     139 

amount  thereof  shall  have  been  regularly  entered  to  the  credit  of  the  dealer  upon  the 
hooks  of  the  banking  association,  shall  he  defnie<l  guilty  of  a  iiiisdi;nif'anor,  and  shall, 
on  conviction  thereof  in  any  circuit,  or  dislritt  court  of  the  United  States,  be  fined  not 
more  than  live  thousand  dollars,  or  shall  be  imprisoned  not  moro  than  five  years,  or 
both,  in  the  discretion  of  the  court. 

Previous  to  the  passajje  of  tbis  act  those  national  banks  wliieli  are 
accustomed  to  make  lar^^c  advauces  to  brokers  for  stock  transactions 
certified  checks  for  large  amounts  under  evasions  of  tlM3  law,  or  such 
arrangements  or  agreements  as  were  deemed  by  tiieui  not  to  bo  in  con- 
flict with  section  5208  of  the  Kevised  Statutes.  The  latter  act  seems  to 
have  been  passed  for  the  purpose  of  preventing  the  evasions  of  tbe  pre- 
vious law  to  which  reference  has  been  made.  The  language  of  the 
section  is :  "  Or  who  shall  resort  to  any  device  or  receive  any  fictitious 
obligation,  direct  or  collateral,  in  order  to  evade  the  provisions  thereof." 

Since  the  passage  of  this  act  the  banks  have  accepted  checks  which 
have  been  drawn  ui)on  them  instead  of  certifying  them,  and  have  as- 
sumed that  such  acceptance  is  not  in  violation  of  law.  In  some  cases 
these  acceptances  are  made  ])ayable  through  the  clearing  house,  the 
effect  of  which  form  of  acceptance  is  that  such  checks  are  payable  upon 
the  following  day;  in  other  cases  the  acceptance  is  made  without  any 
condition  as  to  the  mode  of  its  payment.  The  banks  claim  that  they 
have  i)ower  to  accept  checks  under  the  third  and  seventli  i)aragrai)hs  of 
section  5136  of  the  ilevised  Statutes.  The  former  authorizA's  national 
banks  "  to  make  contracts,"  and  the  latter  i)rovides  for  the  "exercise  of 
all  such  incidental  powers  as  shall  be  necessary  to  carry  on  the  business 
of  banking."  It  is  also  claimed  that  section  5209  of  the  Kevised  Stat- 
utes, which  provides  that  it  shall  be  a  misdemeanor  for  an  ollicer  of  a 
bank  to  make  acceptances  without  i)roper  authority,  by  implication  au- 
thorizes acceptances  to  be  made  with  the  authority  of  the  directors,  and 
that  the  act  of  July  12,  1882,  does  not,  in  plain  terms,  prohibit  such  ac- 
ceptance. The  Comptroller  being  in  doubt  in  reference  to  the  proper 
construction  of  the  section,  pre]>ared  a  letter  containing  the  following 
questions,  which,  at  his  request,  was  submitted  by  the  Secretary  to  the 
Attorney-General  for  his  opinion : 

Has  a  national  bank  the  legal  right  to  accept  cheeks  drawn  upon  it,  unless  the 
drawer  has  the  amount  stated  in  the  check  a<:tually  on  deposit  in  the  bankf 

If  a  national  bank  has  the  power  to  make  such  an  acceptance,  would  such  accept- 
ance at  a  time  when  the  money  was  not  on  deposit  to  the  credit  of  the  drawer  be  a 
liability  to  it  for  money  borrowed,  and  as  such  be  required  to  be  limited  to  one-t-enth 
of  the  paid-in  capital  of  tlie  bank,  as  provided  by  section  5200  United  States  Revised 
Statutes? 

If  a  national  bank  has  the  ])ower  to  aocejit  such  checks  equal  in  amount  in  anyone 
case  to  one-tenth  of  its  capital,  would  the  accejitiince  of  any  number  of  checks  to  an 
amount  exceeding,  in  the  aggregate,  the  amount  of  its  paid-in  capital  be  in  violation 
of  section  5202  United  States  Revised  Statutes  i 

The  violation  of  section  5208,  Kevised  Statutes,  subjected  a  national 
bank  to  the  api)ointment  of  a  receiver.  The  law  was  not  mandatory,  ami 
the  ajipointment  was  left  to  the  judgment  and  discretion  of  the  Comp- 
troller. The  proper  ground  for  the  ai)i)ointment  of  areceiverisinsolvency, 
and  it  may  be  qiu^stionc^d  whether  the  responsibility  for  taking  a  bank 
from  the  control  of  its  owners  should  be  exercised  in  other  cases  than 
insolvency  until  the  question  of  violation  of  law  shnll  have  been  brought 
before  the  courts  for  <letennination.  >*'o  a])poinlments  of  receivers  have 
ever  been  made  since  the  organization  of  tlie  national  banking  system, 
excejit  in  cases  of  insolvency,  although  two  large  banks  wliicli  had 
previously  been  foun<l  to  lie  insolvent,  were  placed  m  charge  of  a  re- 
ceiver for  illegal  certification  of  checks. 


140 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 


The  passa^'e  of  tlic  act  of  March  3,  18G!)  (section  5208,  Kevised  Stat- 
utes), and  tlie  exaiiiiiiations  wliicli  followed,  had  the  effect  to  check  and 
diminisli  the  ])rnctice  of  certification.  The  practice  has,  however, 
greatly  increased  during  tlie  hist  three  years,  and  the  returns  of  the 
banks  for  October  3,  the  date  of  their  hist  statement,  discloses  the  fact 
that  the  amount  of  certificates  or  acceptances  made  on  that  day  was 
nearly  one-third  greater  than  for  a  corresponding  date  in  the  year  pre- 
vious ;  and  that  the  amount  of  acceptances  for  stock-brokers  of  nine 
national  banks  on  that  day  was  more  than  nine  times  the  aggregate  cap- 
ital stock  of  those  banks,  as  may  be  seen  from  the  following  table,  which 
exhibits  the  amount  of  capital  and  certified  checks  or  acceptances  out- 
standing of  all  the  national  banks  of  New  York  City  for  corresponding 
dates  from  1875  to  1882  inclusive,  and  like  information  in  reference  to 
nine  national  banks  for  the  same  dates. 


Date. 

No.  of 
banks. 

Capital. 

Certified 
checks. 

Date. 

Ko.  of 

banks. 

Capital. 

Certified 
checks. 

June  30,  1875 

48 

$68,  500,  000 

$41,  223,  840 

June  30,  1875 

9 

$18,  300,  000 

$25,  889, 826 

October  1.  1875... 

48 

68,  500,  000 

28,  049, 100 

October  1,  1875.. 

9 

18,  300,  000 

17, 835,  333 

Jime30,  1876 

47 

6G,  400,  000 

36,  983,  391 

June  30,  1876 

9 

17, 100,  000 

22, 893,  395 

October  2,  1876... 

44 

65,  850,  000 

38,  725, 100 

October  2,  1876.. 

9 

17, 100,  000 

20, 722,  766 

June  22,  1877 

47 

57,  400,  000 

29,  450, 134 

June  22,  1877... . 

9 

14,  300,  000 

19,191,192 

October  1,  1877... 

47 

57,  400,  000 

29, 199,  900 

October  1,  1877.. 

9 

14,  300,  000 

17,  576,  591 

June  29, 1878 

46 

55,  600  000 

42,  576,  240 

June  29,  1878.... 

9 

13,750,000 

29, 134,  950 

October  1,  1778... 

46 

53,  486,  300 

40,  296, 100 

October  1,  1878.. 

9 

12,  700,  000 

26, 147,  765 

June  14,1879 

47 

50,  750,  000 

44,  465,  002 

June  14,  1879.... 

9 

11,  700,  000 

30, 274,  422 

October  2,  1879... 

46 

48,  750,  000 

58,  827,  717 

October  2,  1879.. 

9 

11,  700,  000 

42,  875,  636 

June  11,  1880 

46 

50,  450,  000 

75,  737,  938 

June  11,  1880.... 

9 

11,  700,  000 

54,  521, 170 

October  1,  1880... 

45 

49,  900,  000 

61,  791,  510 

October  1,  1880.. 

9 

11,  700,  000 

43,  390,  496 

June  30,  1881 

48 

51, 150,  000 

78, 142, 179 

June  30,  1881 

9 

11,  700,  000 

53,  820,  573 

October  1,  1881... 

48 

51, 150,  000 

97, 522, 120 

October  1,  1881.. 

9 

11,  700,  000 

71,  635, 693 

Julyl,  1882 

50 

51,  500,  000 

65, 101, 191 

Julyl,  1882 

9 

11,  700,  000 

45,  563, 450 

Octobers,  1882... 

60 

51,  650,  000 

137,  316, 600 

Octobers,  1882.. 

9 

11, 700,  000 

105,  481,  705 

The  penalty  for  the  violation  of  section  13  of  the  act  of  July  12, 
1882,  is  a  fine  of  not  more  than  $5,000,  or  imprisonment  for  not  more 
than  five  years,  or  both,  upon  conviction  thereof  in  any  circuit  or  district 
court  of  the  United  States ;  and  the  penalty  for  the  violation  of  other 
laws  relating  to  the  national  banks  where  the  penalty  is  not  specified 
is  the  forfeiture  of  the  rights,  privileges,  and  franchises  of  an  association, 
to  be  determined  and  adjudged  by  a  proper  circuit,  district,  or  Terri- 
torial court  of  the  United  States. 

The  Attorney-General,  in  answer  to  the  questions  submitted  to  him, 
has  returned  an  opinion,  in  which  he  says : 

Tliese  provisious  together  [section  5208  Revised  Statutes,  aud  section  13  of  the  act 
of  Julj^  12,  1882]  prohibit  the  certification  of  a  check  drawn  upon  a  national  bank, 
where,  at  the  time  of  certification,  the  drawer  has  not  on  deposit  with  the  bank,  and 
regularly  entered  to  his  credit  on  its  books,  an  amount  of  money  equal  to  the  amount 
of  the  check. 

What,  then,  is  certification  of  a  check?  It  is  an  act  on  the  part  of  the  bank  upon 
which  the  check  is  drawn,  implying  (as  is  observed  by  the  Supreme  Court  in  the  case  of 
Merchants^  Ua7ik  v.  StateBank,  10 Wall.,  G04).  "Thatthe  check  isdrawnnpon  sufficient 
funds  in  the  hands  of  the  drawee,  that  they  have  been  set  apart  for  its  satisfaction, 
and  that  they  shall  bo  so  applied  whenever  the  check  is  presented  for  payment.  It  is 
an  undertaking  that  the  check  is  good  then  and  shall  continue  good,  and  this  agree- 
ment is  as  binding  on  the  bank  as  its  notes  of  circulation,  a  certificate  of  deposit  pay- 
able to  the  order  of  the  depositor,  or  any  other  obligation  it  can  assume." 

No  particular  form  is  required  for  the  certification.  Ordinarily  this  is  done  by 
simply  writing  the  word  ''  good"  upon  the  face  of  the  check,  adding  thereto  the  sig- 
nature or  initials  of  the  certifying  otficer.  But  any  language  employed  by  such  ofiicer, 
importing  that  the  check  is  good  and  will  be  paid,  would  seem  to  be  sufficient.  (See 
2  Daniel  on  Neg.  Inst.,  Sec.  1G06.) 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     141 

A  check  being  an  order  for  the  payment  of  money  addressed  to  a  bank  or  banker, 
it  is  always  prctsumod  to  be  drawn  against  funds  on  deposit  therewith.  It  is  not, 
when  considered  with  reference  to  its  purpose,  presentable  for  acceptance,  bTit  only  for 
payment — that  is  to  say,  payment  is  the  only  acceptance  which  in  contemplation  of 
law  enters  into  the  engagement  of  the  parties.  Hence,  if  the  payee  or  holder  of  the 
check  presents  it  with  the  view  of  having  it  certified,  instead  of  paid,  he  does  so  at 
the  peril  of  discharging  the  drawer.     (First  Nat.  Bank  v.  Leach,  5'i  N.  Y.,  353.) 

In  Security  Bank  v.  National  Bank,  (G7  N.  Y.,  462),  the  court  says:  "The  manifest 
object  of  a  certification  is  to  indicate  the  assent  of  the  certifying  bank  to  the  request 
of  the  draicer  of  the  check  that  the  drawer  will  pay  to  the  holder  the  sum  mentioned ;  and 
this  is  what  an  acceptor  does  by  his  acceptance  of  a  bill."  Whether  such  assent  is 
indicated  by  writing  the  word  "good"  or  the  word  "accepted"  upon  the  check  can 
make  no  difference  as  between  the  holder  of  the  check  and  the  bank,  the  obligation 
assumed  by  the  latter  is  precisely  the  same  in  either  case;  and  thus  the  legal  effect  of 
marking  a  check  "accepted"  being  the  same  as  marking  it  "good,"  the  employment 
of  the  former  expression  may,  efjually  with  that  of  the  other,  well  bo  deemed  to  im- 
port a  certification  thereof.  Agreeably  to  this  view,  the  acceptance  of  a  check,  other 
than  for  immediate  payment,  is  not  legally  distinguishable  from  its  certification.  In 
fact  and  effect  the  words  are  equivalents;  they  are  for  the  same  forbidden  purpose  to 
produce  the  same  forbidden  results. 

The  aim  of  the  statute,  in  prohibiting  the  certification  of  checks  by  national  banks 
where  the  amount  thereof  is  not  on  deposit  to  the  credit  of  the  drawer,  is  obviously 
to  provide  a  guard  against  the  risks  and  evils  attending  such  pledging  of  their  credit 
without  adequate  security.  The  mischief  sought  to  bo  avoided  is  the  incurring  of 
liabilities  hy  these  banks  on  checks  drawn  upon  them  without  sufficient  funds;  and 
inasmuch  as  the  liability  is  the  same  whether  the  check  be  marked  by  the  bank 
"accepted"  or  simply  "good,"  either  of  these  modes  of  incurring  it  would  seem  to  be 
sufiicient  to  bring  the  case  within  the  prohibition  referred  to.  Each  may  properly  be 
regarded  as  constituting  a  certification,  according  to  the  meaning  and  intent  of  the 
statute.  To  construe  otherwise  would  be  to  allow  a  "device"  to  "evade  the  pro- 
vision" of  the  law,  and  such,  too,  as  by  express  terms  is  prohibited  and  i)unished. 

In  answer  to  the  first  question  I  accordingly  reply  that  in  my  opinion  a  national 
bank  cannot  legally  accept  checks  drawn  ujion  it,  where  the  drawer  has  not  on  deposit 
therewith  the  amount  stated  in  the  check. 

To  do  so  renders  the  bank  subject  to  certain  proceedings  on  the  part  of  the  Comptrol- 
ler of  the  Currency  (under  section  5234,  R.  S. ),  and  the  officer  by  whom  the  acceptance 
is  made  becomes  liable  to  the  penalties  provided  in  the  act  of  July  12,  1882. 

The  case  presented  in  the  second  question  is  not,  in  my  opinion,  covered  by  the  pro- 
visions of  section  5200  Revised  Statutes. 

The  restriction  then  applies  only  to  liabilities  "for  money  borrowed."  The  accept- 
ance of  a  check,  where  the  drawer  has  no  funds  on  deposit,  would  bo  a  loan  of  the 
credit  of  the  bank,  rather  than  a  loan  of  money,  and,  if  otherwise  unobjectionable,  it 
could  not  properly  be  regarded  as  within  the  terms  of  the  restriction  adverted  to. 

The  third  question  presents  the  same  case  iu  connection  with  section  5202,  Revised 
Statutes,  which  declares  that  "no  association  shall  at  any  time  be  indebted  or  in  any 
way  liable  to  an  amount  exceeding  the  amount  of  its  capital  stock  actually  paid  in 
and  remaining  undiminished  by  loi^ses  or  otherwise,"  except  on  account  of  demands  of 
the  nature  therein  described.  Liabilities  incurred  by  the  acceptance  of  checks,  the 
drawers  thereof  having  at  the  time  no  funds  on  deposit  with  tbe  bank,  do  not  appear 
to  fall  within  any  of  the  exceptions  enumerated  ;  and  asstiming  such  acceptance  to  be 
lawful,  I  am  of  the  opinion  that  the  limit  imposed  by  section  .5202  extends  to  liabilities 
thus  incurred,  and  that  the  acceptance  of  checks  by  a  bank,  without  the  existence  ot 
funds  on  deposit  therewith,  to  an  amount  exceeding  in  the  aggregate  the  amount  of 
its  paid-in  capital,  would  be  a  violation  of  that  section. 

Un(ler''tliis  opinion  of  tlio  Attorney-General  it  will  be  the  duty  of 
the  Comptroller  to  l)riiig  such  evidence  a.s  he  can  obtain  by  frequent 
examinations  to  the  attention  of  the  i)roper  ofiicers,  in  order  that  such 
violation  may  bo  determined  by  the  courts,  and  the  penalty  enforced  as 
provided  by  the  statute. 

THE  AMOUNT  OP  THE  INTEREST-BEARING  FUNDED  DEBT  OF  THE 
UNITED  STATES,  AND  THE  AMOUNT  HELD  BY  THE  NATIONAL  BANKS. 

The  report  for  ISSl  contained  tables  exhibiting:  a  classification  of  the 
interest-bearing  debt  of  the  United  States,  and  of  the  bonds  held  by 


142 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 


the  naiionnl  banks  for  a  series  of  years.  These  tables  are  ajcain  pre- 
sented, and  now  exhibit  also  the  amonnt  of  the  outstanding'  bonds  of 
the  {government,  and  the  amouut  held  by  the  banks  on  November  Ist 
of  tlie  present  year. 

The  most  important  operations  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  dur- 
ing the  years  which  followed  the  close  of  the  war,  were  the  funding  of 
large  amounts  of  temporary  obligations  then  outstanding  of  the  gov- 
ernment chiefly  into  six  percent,  bonds. 

The  six  per  cent,  bonds  were  gradually  reduced  during  the  year  18G9, 
and  the  seven  years  following,  by  payment  and  refunding,  into  five  per 
cents.  Tlie  six  per  cents,  together  with  the  five  per  cents,  were  subse- 
quently rapidly  replaced  by  four  and  a  half  and  four  per  cents,  which 
were  authorized  to  be  issued  by  the  act  of  July  14,  1870.  In  the  year 
1881  all  of  the  unredeemed  five  and  six  per  cent,  bonds,  amounting  to 
$579,500,050,  were  continued,  payable  at  the  pleasure  of  the  govern- 
ment, with  interest  at  three  and  one-half  per  cent.,  by  agreement  with 
the  holders,  and  since  that  time  $164,833,200  of  these  three  and  one- 
half  per  cent,  bonds  have  been  paid,  and  during  the  present  year 
$259,370,500  have  been  replaced  by  three  per  cents,  under  the  act  of 
June  12,  1882. 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  classification  of  the  unmatured  in- 
terest-bearing bonded  debt  of  the  United  States*  on  August  31,  1865, 
when  the  public  debt  reached  its  maximum,  and  on  the  1st  day  of  July 
of  each  year  thereafter,  together  with  the  amount  outstanding  on  No- 
vember 1  of  the  present  year : 


Date. 


Six  per  cent, 
bonds. 


Five  per  cent.  [Four  and  a  half  Four  per  cent, 
bends.  per  cent,  bonds.  bonds. 


Total. 


Aug.  31, 


July 
July 
July 
July 
July 
July 
July 
July 
July 
July 
July 
July 
July 
July 
July 
July 


1865. 
18(J6. 
1867. 
1868. 
1869. 
1870. 
1871. 
1872. 
1873. 
1874. 
1875. 
1876. 
1877. 
1878. 
1879. 
1880. 
1881. 


,1882. 


July  1, 

Nov.  1,1882.... 


■{ 


$908,  518,  091 

1,  008, 388, 469 

1,421,110,719 

1,  841,  521,  800 

1,  886,  341,  300 

1,  764, 932,  300 

1,  613,  897,  300 

1,  374,  883,  800 

1, 281,  238,  650 

1, 213,  624,  700 

1, 100,  865,  550 

984,  999,  650 

854,  621,  850 

738,  619,  000 

310,  932,  500 

23:),  780, 400 

196,  378,  600 

Continued  at 

3i  per  cent. 

"  58,  957, 150 

3  per  cents. 
13,  231,  650 


$199,  792, 100 
198,  528,  435 
198,  533,  435 
221,  588, 400 
221,  589,  300 
221,  589,  300 
274,  236,  450 
414,  567,  300 
414,  567,  300 
510,  628,  050 
607, 132,  750 
711,  685,  800 
703,  266,  650 
703,  266,  650 
646,  905,  500 
484,  864,  900 
439,  841,  350 
Continued  at 
31  per  cent. 

"401,  503,  900 

155,  356,  3.50  f 
3  per  cents.  > 

246, 138,  850  > 


$110,  000,  000 
240,  000,  000 
250,  000,  000 
250,  000,  000 
250,  000,  000 


250, 000,  000 
250,  000,  000 


$98,  850,  000 
679,878,110 
739,  347,  800 
739,  347,  800 


739,  3 19,  350 
739,  353,  350 


$1, 108, 
1,  206, 

1,  619, 

2,  063, 
2, 107, 
1,  986, 
1,888, 
1,  780, 
1,  695, 
1, 724, 
1,  707, 
1,  696, 
1,  696, 
1,  780, 
1,  887, 
1,  709, 
1,  625, 


310,  191 
916,  904 
644,154 
110,  200 
930,  600 
521,600 
133,  750 
451. 100 
8(^5.  950 
2.52,  750 
998,  300 
685,450 
888,  500 
735,  6.50 
716,110 
993, 100 
507,  750 


1,449,810,400 
1, 404,  080,  200 


The  operations  of  the  Treasury  Department  for  a  series  of  years  have 
largely  reduced  the  amount  of  interest  receivable  by  the  national  banks 
on  the  bonds  held  by  them.  During  the  present  year,  ending  Novem- 
ber 1,  the  three  and  one-half  per  cents  have  been  reduced  more  than 
two  hundred  millions  ($200,769,200),  and  $179,685,550  of  three  per  cents 
have  been  deposited  in  place  thereof. 

Sixteen  years  ago  the  banks  had  on  deposit  as  security  for  cireula- 
tion,  327  millions  in  United  States  bonds,  of  which  amount  241  millions 
bore  interest  at  six  per  cent,  and  SQ  millions  at  five  per  cent.    These 

*The  Navy  pension  fund,  amounting  to  $14,000,000  in  three  per  cent.s,  the  interest 
upon  which  is  applied  to  the  payment  of  naval  pensions  exclusively,  is  not  included 
in  the  table. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


143 


bonds  have  now  entirely  disappeared  from  the  list  of  securities  held  by 
the  national  banks.  The  average  rate  of  interest  now  paid  by  the 
United  States  on  the  bonds  deposited  as  security  for  circulating  notes 
is  about  3.5  per  cent,  upon  their  par  value;  but  is  equal  to  about  3.26 
per  cent,  only  of  the  current  market  value  of  the  bonds.  The  banks 
now  hold  33  millions  of  four  and  one-halfs;  nearly  105  millions  of  fours; 
40  millions  of  three  and  one-half  per  cents  converted  from  five  and  six 
per  cents,  and  179  millions  of  three  i^er  cents,  which  have  been  refunded 
from  three  and  one-half  per  cents,  during  the  present  year.  This  will 
be  seen  from  the  following  table,  which  exhibits  the  amount  and  classes 
of  United  States  bonds  owned  by  the  banks,  including  those  jiledged  as 
security  for  circulation  and  for  jiublic  deposits  on  the  first  day  of  July 
in  each  year  since  18G5,  and  upon  November  1  of  the  present  year. 


United  States  bonds  held  as  security  for  circulation. 


Date. 


44  per  cent, 
bonds. 


4  per  cent 
bonds. 


Total. 


United 
States 
bonds  luild 
for  otluT 
purposes 
at  nearest 
date. 


Grand 

total. 


July  1. 1865 
July  1, 1866 
July  1, 1867 
July  1, 1868 
July  1, 1869 
July  1, 1870 
July  1, 1871 
July  1, 1872 
July  1, 1873 
July  1, 1874 
July  1, 1875 
July  1, 1876 
July  1, 1877 
July  1, 1878 
July  1, 1879 
July  1, 1880 
July  1, 1881 

July  1, 1882 
Nov.  1, 1882 


$44,  372,  250 
48,  448,  650 


$19, 162,  000 


3.'"),  or,6,  5r,0i  118,  538,  950 
37,  760,  950,  126,  076. 3U0 
32,  600,  500|  93,  637,  700 


$235, 
327, 
340, 
341, 
342, 
342, 
359, 
380, 
390, 
301, 
376, 
341, 
338, 
349, 
354, 
361, 
360, 


100  $155, 
350  121, 


,  550i  25, 
,  200i  25, 
,  500:  26, 


32, 752,  650 


885, 
440, 
410 
171 
314 
394 
713, 
516, 
254, 
652, 
488, 400  63, 


750 
,600 
,400 
,600 
,050 


97,  429,  800: 


33,754,650   104,917,500 


785, 750  $391, 
152,950  448, 
002,650  424, 
922,  .500  422. 
102,000  397. 
980,600  386, 
450,800:  399, 
8O8,200l  412, 
724,400i  416, 
347,  100,  416, 
91)0,200  403, 
170,  300l  3H6, 
315,050!  386, 
8.50,900  418. 
603,  ,520  430, 
831,31)0  404, 
849,950   424, 


744,850 
463,300 
610, 150 
418,400 
953.  600 
259. 150 
336,  350 
308,  900 
134, 150 
518,  300 
214,  700 
565,  050 
028,  6.50 
397.  300 
858, 120 
4>sJ,  350 
338,  350 


812,700;    43,122,550   400,935,250 
964,650     37,563,750  396,526,400 


The  banks  also  held  $3,526,000  of  Pacific  Enilroad  six  per  cents,  and 
$15,000  of  five  per  cents  upon  which  interest  has  ceased. 

AMOUNT  OF  UNITED  STATES  BONDS  HELD  BY  THE  NATIONAL  BANKS, 
BY  BANKS  ORGANIZED  UNDER  STATE  LAWS,  AND  BY  PRIVATE 
BANKERS. 

The  amounts  of  United  States  bonds  held  by  the  national  banks  on 
November  1,  1880,  1881,  and  1882,  were,  respectively,  $403,360,350, 
$426,120,950,  and  $396,528,400. 

In  the  following  table  these  amounts  have  been  combined  with  the 
average  amount  of  United  States  bonds  held  by  the  sa^^ngs  banks,  State 
banks  and  trust  companies,  and  private  bankers  of  the  country  during 
the  six  months  ending  May  31  of  the  same  years : 


1880. 


1881. 


National  banks 

Savinsis  banks 

State  banks  and  trust  companies. 
Private  bankers 


Totals. 


$403,  389,  350 

189,1.87.816 

24,  498,  604 

14,  366,  684 

031,422,454 


$426, 120,  9.50 

214,880.  178 
21,650,668 
16,  670,  494 

679,  3.'2,  290 


$395,  057.  .500 

242,  028,  782 

23,211.430 

14,870.745 

675,  168,  457 


144 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 


The  interpKt-bearinj,^  funded  debt  of  the  United  States  waB,  on  Novem- 
ber 1  last,  $1,418,()80,1!00.  The  total  amount  of  l)onds  held  by  all  the  banks 
and  bankers  in  the  country  as  given  above  was  $(>75, 108,457,  whicli  is 
not  greatly  less  than  one-half  of  the  interest-bearing  debt.  The  amounts 
for  the  banks  other  than  national  have  been  obtained  from  the  semi- 
annual reports  made  by  them  to  the  Commissioner  of  Internal  Eeveuue, 
for  purposes  of  taxation.  The  table  given  below  has  also  been  compiled 
from  these  reports,  and  shows,  by  geographical  divisions,  the  average 
amount  invested  by  State  banks,  private  bankers,  trust  companies,  and 
savings  banks  in  United  States  bonds,  for  the  six  months  ending  May 
31  for  the  four  years  named : 


Geographical  divisions. 


May  31,  1879 : 

New  England  States 

Middle  States 

Southern  States 

Western  States 

Pacific  States  and  Territories 

TJnited  States 

May  31,  1880: 

New  England  States 

Middle  States 

Southern  States 

Western  States 

Pacific  States  and  Territories 

United  States 

May  31,  1881: 

New  England  States 

Middle  States 

Southern  States 

Western  States 

Pacific  States  and  Territories 

United  States 

May  31,  1882: 

New  England  States - 

Middle  States 

Southern  States 

Western  States 

Pacilic  States  and  Territories 

United  States 


Amount  invested  in  United  States  bonds. 


By  State  bants, 
private  bank- 
ers, and  trust 
companies. 


$3,  669,  967 

25,  686, 460 

3,  593, 179 

8,  326, 402 

5,  015,  948 


By  savings 
banks. 


3,  737,  093 
20,  564,  834 

2,  541,  991 
8, 137,  554 

3,  883, 816 


2,  985, 496 
21,  908, 703 
1,  707,  702 
6, 734, 948 
4, 984,  313 


38,  321, 162 


2,  644,  895 
20,  576, 823 
1,  862,  946 
7,  099,  874 
5,  897,  637 


38,  082, 175 


$34,  941,  378 

123,818,148 

86,  021 

2, 1&4,  668 

1,  372,  845 


46,  291,  965    162,  383,  060 


37,  693,  200 

146,  301, 155 

1,000 

2,  474,  557 

2,  717,  904 


36,  640, 795 

168,  617,  049 

21,  689 

2,  689,  447 

6,  911, 198 


214,880,178 


37, 046,  625 
189, 775,  842 


2,  354,  710 
12,  851,  605 


242, 028,  782 


Total. 


$38,  611, 345 
149,  504,  617 

3,  679,  200 
10, 491,  070 

6,  388, 793 


208,  675,  025 


41,  430, 293 
166, 865.  989 

2,  542,  991 
10,  612,  111 

6,  601,  720 


38, 865,  288  I    189, 187,  816  I    228,  053, 104 


39,  626, 291 

190,  525, 752 

1, 729,  391 

9,  424, 395 

11,  895,  511 


253, 201,  340 


39,  691,  520 

210. 352,  665 

1, 862,  946 

9, 454,  584 

18, 749, 2-12 


280, 110,  957 


The  above  table  gives  the  average  amount  of  capital  invested  in 
United  States  bonds,  from  which  should  be  deducted  the  amount  of 
premium  paid  at  the  time  of  purchase,  which  cannot  be  ascertained. 

Through  the  courtesy  of  State  oflflcers  the  Comptroller  has  obtained 
the  official  reports  made  to  them,  under  State  laws,  by  State  banks  in 
twenty-one  States,  by  trust  companies  in  five  States,  and  by  savings 
banks  in  fifteen  States,  at  different  dates  during  the  year  1882,  and  from 
these  retiu-ns  the  following  table  has  been  compiled : 

Held  by  State  banks  in  twenty-one  States $8,739, 172 

Held  by  trust  companies  in  five  States 16,934,812 

Held  by  savings  banks  in  fifteen  States 237,786,442 

Total 263,460,426 


EEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


145 


The  amount  held  by  geographical  divisions  diiriDg  the  years  1880, 1881, 
and  1882,  was  as  follows  : 


Geographical  divisions. 

1880. 

1881. 

1882. 

$•15,  330,  098 

157,  563,  757 

958, 470 

2,  672,  242 

7,  240,  835 

$40,  468,  340 

176,  373,  8is9 

1,073,460 

5,735,518 

14,  874,  332 

$42,  667,  248 
iqy  ]3^  239 

Middle  States 

Southom  States.............. 

ocg  350 

Western  States 

3,  369,  414 
20,  020. 175 

Pacific  States , 

Total < !    213,665,402  1    238,525,539 


263, 460,  426 


The  amounts  of  United  States  bonds  held,  as  shown  bj-  the  tables 
compiled  from  returns  made  by  State  banks,  trust  companies,  and  sav- 
ings banks  to  State  oiiicers,  in  twenty-one  States  and  Territories  were, 
in  1882,  $16,650,531  less  than  the  average  amount  shown  by  the  table 
compiled  from  the  re^iorts  made  to  the  Commissioner  of  Internal  Eeve- 
ime,  which  were  received  from  similar  institutions. 

Tiie  first-named  table  shows  the  actual  amounts  held  at  various  dates 
in  1882,  while  the  last  gives  the  average  amount  held  for  the  six  mouths 
ending  May  30,  1882.  Although  obtained  from  different  sources  and 
based  on  data  that  are  not  equally  complete,  the  amounts  obtained  from 
the  one  source  serve  to  corroborate  those  obtained  from  the  other. 


NATIONAL  BANK  FAILURES. 

Three  national  banks  have  been  placed  in  the  hands  of  receivers  dur- 
ing the  year  ending  November  1, 1882,  namely :  The  Mechanics'  National 
Bank  of  Newark,  N.  J.,  on  November  2,  1881 ;  the  Pacific  National 
Bank  of  Boston,  Mass.,  on  May  22,  1882,  and  the  First  National  Bank 
of  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  on  April  22, 1882.  The  suspension  of  the  first-named 
two  banks  was  mentioned  in  the  report  of  the  Comptroller  for  the  year 
ending  November  1,  1881,  and  the  causes  which  led  to  both  these  fail- 
ures were  then  fully  discussed.  The  directors  of  the  Pacific  National 
Bank  of  Boston  undertook  to  make  good  the  impairment  of  its  capi- 
tal stock  in  the  manner  authorized  by  section  5205  of  the  Eovised  Stat- 
utes, but,  as  they  failed  to  do  so  within  the  time  fixed  by  law,  a  receiver 
was  appointed  to  take  charge  of  its  afiairs.  The  failure  of  the  First 
National  Bank  of  Buffalo  was  the  result  of  the  misappropriation  of  its 
funds  by  its  president.  Its  condition  was  discovered  by  the  bank  ex- 
aminer when  making  his  annual  examination,  and  a  receiver  was  ap- 
pointed as  before  stated. 

The  affairs  of  ten  national  banks  have  been  finally  closed  within  the 
year.  These  banks,  with  the  total  dividend  paid  by  each  to  their  cred- 
itors, are  as  follows: 

The  First  National  Bauk  of  Selnia,  Ala -It),  fi  per  cent. 

The  First  National  Bank  of  New  Orleans,  La 7'J.  0  p«'r  cent. 

The  National  Bank  of  Vicksbnrj;,  Miss 4;». 'J  j)er  cent. 

The  Ocean  National  Bank  of  New  York  City 100.  0  per  cent,  and  interest. 

The  First  National  Bank  of  Carlisle,  Pa 73.  5  per  cent. 

The  First  National  Bank  of  La  Crosse,  Wis 48.  4  per  cent. 

The  First  National  Bauk  of  Wichita,  Kans 70.0  per  cent. 

The  First  National  Bank  of  Oroenlield,  Ohio 27.0  per  cent. 

The  First  National  Bauk  of  'i'arrytown,  N.  Y 1)0.  r>  per  cent. 

The  First  National  Bank  of  Meadvillo,  I'a 100.  0  per  cent,  and  int<'re8t. 

The  following  banks  have  been  closed,  with  the  exception  of  litiga- 
tion pending  in  the  courts,  and  the  expenses  of  the  receiverships,  in- 
10  Ab 


146  TAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    TlfE 

eluding  tliG  anioniits  pjiirt  to  receivers  for  ])ersonal  services,  are  in  each 
case  no  more  tliaii  is  necessary  to  carry  on  the  suits.  In  eacli  of  these 
instances,  if  litij^ation  results  favorably  to  the  banks,  some  additional 
dividends  may  be  paid. 

The  dividends  already  paid  to  the  creditors  of  these  associations  are 
as  follows: 

Per  cent. 

The  Charlottesville  National  Bank,  Charlottesville,  Va 62 

The  First  National  Bank  of  Norfolk,  Va 49 

The  First  National  Bank  of  Anderson,  Ind 25 

The  Venango  National  Bank  of  Franklin,  Pa 15 

The  Atlantic  National  Bank,  of  New  York  City 95 

The  First  National  Bank  of  Mansfield,  Ohio 45 

The  Miners'  National  Bank  of  Georgetown,  Colo 65 

The  First  National  Bank  of  Bedford,  Iowa 12.5 

The  City  National  Bank  of  Chicago,  111 77 

The  First  National  Bank  of  Georgetown,  Colo 22.  5 

The  First  National  Bank  of  Dallas,  Tex 37 

The  Central  National  Bank  of  Chicago,  111 60 

The  People's  National  Bank  of  Helena,  Mont 40 

The  First  National  Bank  of  Allentowu,  Pa 70 

The  First  National  Bank  of  Wayneshurg,  Pa 40 

If  the  litigation  now  in  progress  should  result  favorably,  it  is  esti- 
mated that  additional  dividends  will  be  ])aid  as  follows:  To  the  credi- 
tors of  the  First  National  Bank,  Waynesburg,  25  per  cent.;  of  the  First 
National  Bank,  Allentown,  Pa.,  and  First  National  Bank,  Georgetown, 
Col.,  20  per  cent. ;  the  First  National  Bank  of  Mansfield,  Ohio,  and  Miners' 
National  Bank  of  Georgetown,  Col.,  10  per  cent.,  and  to  the  remaining 
banks,  dividends  less  than  5  per  cent. 

The  aflairs  of  the  Cook  County  and  Scandinavian  National  Banks  of 
Chicago,  and  of  the  National  Bank  of  the  State  of  Missouri  of  Saint 
Louis  also,  cannot  be  closed  until  pending  litigation  is  brought  to  a  con- 
clusion. The  latter  bank  has  already  paid  to  its  creditors  100  per  cent, 
of  the  principal  of  their  claims,  and  more  than  50  per  cent,  of  interest 
accrued  up  to  December  1,  1882.  It  is  expected  that  a  considerable 
portion,  though  not  the  whole,  of  the  remaining  interest  will  hereafter 
be  paid. 

The  First  National  Bank  of  New  Orleans  has  been  closed  during  the 
year.  The  payment  of  a  final  dividend  had  been  necessarily  jiostponed 
on  account  of  delay  experienced  in  adjusting  accounts  due  to  and  from 
the  government,  but  which  have  during  the  year  been  finally  settled  by 
an  appropriation  by  Congress  resulting  in  a  recovery  by  the  bank  of 
$94-,000.  The  three  following  banks  have  paid  their  creditors  the  full 
amount  of  their  claims,  principal  and  interest,  and  their  affairs  are  still 
in  the  hands  of  receivers  appointed  by  the  Comptroller,  who  are  ad- 
ministrating the  remaining  assets  in  the  interest  of  the  stockholders : 

First  National  Bank  of  Newark,  N.  J 100  per  cent,  and  interest  in  full. 

First  National  Bank  of  Brattlehoro,  Vt 100  per  cent,  and  interest  in  full. 

Third  National  Bank  of  Chicago,  111 100  per  cent,  and  interest  in  full. 

It  is  probable  that  in  each  of  these  cases  the  shareholders  will  eventu- 
ally receive  a  handsome  xiercentage  upon  the  capital  stock  of  the  bank. 
The  following  banks  in  the  hands  of  receivers  have  paid  dividends  dur- 
ing the  past  year.  The  total  dividends  up  to  November  1,  1882,  being 
also  given. 

The  First  National  Bank  of  Selma,  Ala.,  4. 6  per  cent.;  total,  46. 6  per  cent. 
The  First  National  Bank  of  New  Orleans,  La.,  9  per  cent.;  total,  79  per  cent. 
The  National  Bank  of  Vicksburg,  Miss.,  13  per  cent.;  total,  49.2  per  cent. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     147 

The  Ocean  National  Bank,  New  York  City.     Interest  dividend ;  total,  100  per  cent., 

and  interest. 
The  New  Orleans  National  Banking  Association,  New  Orleans,  La.,  5  per  cent. ;  total, 

60  per  cent. 
The  t.'harlottesville  National  Bank,  Charlottesville,  Va.,  7per  cent.;  total,  62percent. 
Tlie  First  National  Bank  of  La  Crosse,  Wis.,  3.  4  i)er  cent.;  total,  4S.  4  per  cent. 
The  First  National  Bank  of  Greenlield,  Ohio,  27  per  cent. ;  total,  27  per  cent. 
The  First  National  Bank  of  Franklin,  Ind.,  15  per  cent,  to  stockholders ;  creditors  paid 

in  full. 
The  National  Bank  of  the  State  of  Missouri,  Saint  Louis,  Mo.,  5  per  cent.,  and  50 per 

cent,  of  interest ;  total,  100  per  cent.,  and  50  per  cent,  of  interest. 
The  Lock  Haven  National  Bank,  Lock  Haven,"  Pa.,  10  percent.;  total,  100  per  cent. 
Ths  Third  National  Bank  of  Chicago,  111.    Interest  in  fall ;  total,  luO  per  cent,  and 

interest. 
•The  Commercial  National  Bank  of  Kansas  City,  Mo.,  6. 165  per  cent,  to  stockholders ; 

total,  to  stockholders,  37. 1G5. 
The  First  National  Bank  of  Tarrytown,  N.  Y.,  5. 5  per  cent.;  total,  90. 5  per  cent. 
The  First  National  Bank  of  Allentown,  Pa.,  20  per  cent.;  total,  70  j)er  cent. 
The  People's  National  Bank  of  Helena,  Mont.,  10  per  cent.;  total,  40  percent. 
The  German  American  National  Bank,  Washington,  D.  C,  10  per  cent. ;  total,  50  per  cent. 
The  Second  National  Bank  of  Scranton,  Pa.,  60  per  cent.;  total,  75  per  cent. 
The  First  National  Bank  of  Butler,  Pa.,  20  per  cent.;  total,  60  per  cent. 
The  First  National  Bank  of  MeadviHe,  Pa.  Interest  in  full.  100  per  cent,  and  interest. 
The  First  National  Bank  of  Newark,  N.  J.  Interest  in  full.  100  per  cent,  and  interest. 
The  Mechanics'  National  Bank  of  Newark,  N.  J.,  55  per  cent.;  total,  55  per  cent. 
The  First  National  Bank  of  Bufl'alo,  N.  Y.,  25  percent.;  total,  25  per  cent. 

Since  the  commencement  of  the  national  banking?  system  87  banks 
liave  been  placed  in  the  hands  of  receivers,  and  4110  banks  have  vol- 
untarily closed  their  business  by  the  votes  of  shareholders  owning 
two-thirds  of  their  stock,  under  the  provisions  of  sections  5220  and 
5221  of  the  Kevised  Statutes  of  the  United  States.  Of  the  banks  so 
placed  in  voluntary  liquidation  by  their  stockholders,  7  failed  to  pay 
their  depositors,  and  in  these  cases  receivers  were  appointed  by  the 
Comptroller  to  wind  up  their  affairs.  Of  the  87  banks  placed  in  the 
hands  of  receivers,  51  have  been  finally  closed,  leaving  36  still  in  pro- 
cess of  settlement.  The  loss  to  creditors  of  national  banks  which  have 
been  placed  in  the  hands  of  receivers  during  the  nearly  twenty  years 
that  have  elapsed  since  the  passage  of  the  act  of  February  25,  1863,  as 
near  as  can  be  estimated,  including  dividends  which  will  probably  be 
hereafter  paid,  has  been  about  $7,000,000.  The  average  anniuil  loss  has 
been,  therefore,  about  $400,000  in  the  business  of  corporations  having 
an  average  capital  of  about  $450,000,000,  and  which  have  been  respon- 
sible for  the  safe  keeping  of  deposits  in  their  hands  averaging  constantly 
over  $800,000,000,  or  about  one-twentieth  of  one  per  cent,  of  annual 
loss  to  depositors.  The  time  required  for  liquidating  the  allairs  of  in- 
solvent banks  dei)ends  chielly  upon  the  amount  of  litigation  which  may 
arise,  as  in  any  case  it  is  im])0ssible  to  tell  in  advance  what  questions  it 
may  become  necessary  to  refer  to  the  courts  for  decision.  In  many  of 
these  cases  no  conclusion  can  be  reached  until  the  matter  has  been 
bnmght  before  the  courts  of  last  resort.  The  dockets  of  the  supreme 
courts  in  most  of  the  States,  and  that  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States,  are  crowded,  and  when  an  appeal  is  made  to  these  tri- 
bunals, years  often  elapse  before  the  case  can  be  reache<l.  Owing,  how- 
ever, to  tlie  decisions  already  made,  the  forms  of  ])rocednns  under  the 
laws  governing  national  banks,  are  b«^tter understood,  and  in  collecting 
assets,  in  allowing  otfsets,  and  enforcing  the  liabilities  of  stockholders, 
there  is  now  no  inducement  to  ])rotract  litigation,  eitlun-  on  tlie  part  of 
the  ordinary  debtors  of  the  bank  or  of  the  stockholders  who  become 
such  debtors  when  assessed  under  their  liability,  as  provided  in  seetioii 
5151  of  the  Eevised  Statutes.     In  all  cases  of  failure  of  national  banks 


'Creditors  paid  in  falL 


148 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


there  are  many  claims  presented  to  the  receivers  which,  for  various  rea- 
sons, do  not  appear  to  be  properly  liabilities  of  the  association,  and  it  is 
necessary,  in  order  to  protect  the  interests  of  the  genuine  creditors, 
that  such  claims  should  be  rejected  until  their  merits  have  been  properly 
investigated  by  a  court  of  competent  jurisdiction. 

The  liability  of  directors  for  negligent  discharge  of  their  duties,  or 
for  malfeasance,  is  not  yet  clearly  defined  by  any  authoritative  decision, 
but  such  decisions  as  there  are  bearing  upon  this  matter  point  to  a  com- 
plete remedy  against  them  also.  ,  The  total  amount  paid  to  creditors  of 
insolvent  national  banks  amounts  to  $20,945,090;  upon  proved  claims 
amounting  to  $29,580,558.  The  dividends  so  far  paid  thus  equal  about 
70  per  cent,  of  the  proved  claims.  The  amount  paid  during  the  year 
was  $2,283,392. 

Assessments  amounting  to  $8,101,750  have  been  made  upon  the  stock- 
holders of  insolvent  national  banks  for  the  purpose  of  enforcing  their  indi- 
vidual liability  under  section  5151  of  the  Revised  Statutes,  of  which  about 
$3,200,000  have  been  collected  and  $534,080.70  during  the  past  year. 

A  table  showing  the  national  banks  which  have  been  placed  in  the 
hands  of  receivers,  the  amount  of  their  capital,  of  claims  proved,  the 
rates  of  dividends  paid,  and  also  showing  the  amount  of  circulation  of 
such  banks  issued,  redeemed,  and  outstanding,  will  be  found  in  the  Ap- 
pendix. 

LOANS  AND  RATES  OF  INTEREST. 

The  following  table  gives  the  classification  of  the  loans  of  the  banks 
in  the  city  of  New  York,  in  Boston,  Philadelphia,  and  Baltimore,  and 


in  the  other  reserve 
three  years: 


cities,  at  corresponding  dates  in  each  of  the  last 


October  1,  1880. 


Glassificatioii. 

New  York 
City. 

Boston,  Phila- 
delphia, and 
Baltimore. 

Other  re- 
serve cities. 

Country 
banks. 

Aggregate. 

47  banks. 

101  banks 

83  banks. 

1.859  banks. 

2,090  banks. 

$3,  915, 077 

92,  630,  982 

27, 755, 152 
114, 127,  290 

$525, 445 

30,  838,  692 

22,  542, 776 
137, 405,  246 

$1, 378, 168 

16, 558, 260 

10,  402,  295 
75,  687,  334 

$5,  818,  690 
140,  027,  934 

On  other  stocks,  bonds,  &c., 

On  single-name  paper  without 

'$563,"294,'724" 

60, 700,  223 

830.  .514.  594 

Totals 

238,428,501 

191,  312, 159 

104, 026, 057 

503,  294, 724 

1,  037,  061,  441 

October  1,  1881. 


Classification. 

48  banks. 

102  banks. 

87  banks. 

1,895  banks. 

2,132  banks. 

On  TI.  S.  bonds  on  demand 

On  other  stocks,  bonds,  &c.. 

$2,  539,  928 

97, 249, 162 

26, 935. 878 
120, 032,  691 

$415, 164 

39,  251,  526 

34,  465,  C61 
137,  682,  302 

$468,  496 

24,  227, 158 

12,  904,  338 
96,  806,  506 

$2,  661, 256 

35, 423, 896 

73, 114, 405 
464.  813.  937 

$6, 084,  814 
196,151,742 

On  single-name  paper  without 

147,  420,  282 

819,  365,  436 

Totals ................ 

246, 757, 659 

211,  814, 653 

134, 406, 498 

576,043,494  !  1.169.022.304 

October  3,  1882. 


Classification. 

50  banks. 

102  banks. 

91  banks. 

2,  026  banks. 

2, 269  banks. 

On  TJ.  S.  bonds  on  demand 

On  other  stocks,  bonds,  &c.,  on 

$1,  618,  687 

89,  532,  760 

21,  382,  572 
126, 507, 873 

$265,  357 

31,  653,  098 

26,  721,  688 
143,  297, 359 

$1,  532, 214 

22, 143,  725 

16,  075, 330 
106,  531, 193 

$1,  851,  550 

39, 554,  649 

83,  576,  480 
526,  041,  981 

$5,  267, 808 
182, 884,  232 

On  single-name  paper  without 

147,  754,  806 

902,  379.  C70 

Total 

239,  041,  892 

201, 937, 502 

146, 282, 462 

651,024,660  1  1.2.18.286.  .516 

REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


149 


In  the  table  below  is  given  a  full  classilicatiou  of  the  loaus  iu  Xew 
York  City  alone  for  the  last  five  years : 


Loans  and  discounts. 

October  1, 
1878. 

October  2, 

1879. 

October  1, 
1880. 

October  1, 

1881. 

October  3, 

1882. 

47  banks. 

47  banks. 

47  banks. 

48  banks. 

50  banks. 

On  indorsed  paper 

$83,  921,  333 
17,  297, 475 
7,  003,  085 
51,152,021 
786,  514 
6,  752, 181 
2,  670,  371 

$81,  520, 129 

22, 491,  926 

8, 286,  525 

78,  062, 085 

670, 021 

$107, 058,  860 
27,755,152 

3, 915,  077 
92, 630, 982 

1, 336,  513 

$112,  019,  004 

26,  935,  878 

2,  539,  928 

97,  249, 162 

236, 100 

$118,  692,  651 
21  203,573 

On  T7.  S.  bonds  on  demand 

On  other  stock,  &.C.,  on  demand 

On  real-estat«  secuiity 

Payable  in  gold ...... ...... 

1,  797, 687 

89, 532, 762 

304, 732 

All  otJier  loans ................ 

4,  821,  216 

5, 731,  917           7,  747,  587 

7, 600,  487 

Totals 

169,  585,  980 

195, 851,  902 

238, 428, 501 

246,757  659  1      239.041.892 

The  attention  of  Congress  has  previously  been  called  to  section  5200 
of  the  Revised  Statutes,  which  places  restrictions  upon  loans,  and  to  the 
difficulty  of  enforcing  its  provisions.  In  cities  where  large  amounts  of 
produce  are  received  and  stored,  it  is  represented  that  it  is  impossible 
for  the  banks  to  transact  this  class  of  business,  if  restricted  to  loans  for 
an  amount  not  exceeding  in  any  instance  one-tenth  of  their  capital.  It 
is  true  that  the  limitation  does  not  apply  to  loans  upon  produce  in  transit, 
where  the  drafts  are  drawn  on  existing  values;  but  if  produce  is  stored, 
instead  of  being  shipped,  large  loans  cannot  be  made  except  in  violation 
of  law.  In  such  case  the  Comptroller  has  no  means  of  enforcing  the  law, 
except  by  bringing  a  suit  for  forfeiture  of  charter,  and  this  course  might 
residt  in  great  embarrassment  to  business,  as  well  as  loss  to  many  inno- 
cent stockholders  of  the  banks.  It  is  evident  that  the  law  should  be  so 
amended  as  to  exclude  from  the  limitation  mentioned  legitimate  loans 
upon  produce  or  warehouse  receipts,  and  some  other  classes  of  collat- 
eral security,  as  well  as  loans  upon  United  States  bonds. 

RATES  OF    INTEREST  IN  NEW  YORK  CITY,   AND  IN  THE  BANK  OF  ENGLAND  AND  THB 

BANK  OF  FRANCE. 

The  average  rate  of  interest  in  New  York  City  for  each  of  the  fiscal 
years  from  1874  to  1881,  as  ascertained  from  data  derived  from  the  Jour- 
nal of  Commerce  and  The  Commercial  and  Financial  Chronicle,  was  as 
follows : 


1874, 
1875, 
1876, 
1877, 
1878, 
1879, 
1880, 
1881, 
1882, 


call  loans, 
call  loans, 
call  loans, 
call  loans, 
call  loans, 
call  loans, 
call  loans, 
call  loans, 
call  loans, 


3.8  per  cent. 
3.0  per  cent. 

3.3  per  cent. 
3.0  per  cent. 

4.4  per  cent. 
4.4  per  cent. 

4.9  per  cent. 
3.8  per  cent. 
4.4  per  cent. 


;  commercial 
;  commercial 
;  commercial 
;  commercial 
;  commercial 
;  commercial 
';  commercial 
;  conmiercial 
;  commercial 


paper, 
paper, 
paper 
paper, 
jiaper, 
paper, 
paper, 
paper, 
paper. 


6.4  per  cent. 
5.8  per  cent. 

5.3  per  cent. 

5.2  per  cent. 
5.1  per  cent. 

4.4  per  cent. 

5.3  per  cent. 
5.0  per  cent. 

5.4  per  cent. 


The  average  rate  of  discount  of  the  Bank  of  England  for  the  same 
years  was  as  follows: 

During  the  calendar  year  ending  December  31,  l>!7f,  3.69  per  cent. 
During  the  calendar  year  ending  December  :U,  l-"7r»,  3.23  i>or  cent. 
During  the  calendar  year  ending  December  31,  ls7(),  2.()l  jter  cent. 
During  the  calendar  year  ending  December  31,  1^77,  2.91  percent. 
During  the  calendar  year  ending  December  31,  1S7H,  :!.7rf  percent. 
During  the  calendar  year  ending  December  31,  l-;79,  2.50  per  cent. 
During  the  calendar  year  ending  December  31,  l<-(t,  2.7t"i  per  cent. 
During  the  calendar  year  ending  December  31,  l-;Sl,  3.49  per  cent. 
During  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  lb82,  4,01  per  cent. 

'From  the  Financial  Chronicle  ouly. 


150 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 


In  tlic  calendar  year  ending  December  31,  1881,  the  rate  of  discount 
of  tlic  Bunk  of  England  whh  increased  four  times,  and  only  twice  re- 
duced. Diiriiiff  the  liscal  year  ending,'  June  30,  1881i,  the  rate  was 
increased  four  times  and  decreased  three  times.  The  present  rate  is  5 
per  cent. 

The  rate  of  interest  in  the  city  of  New  York  on  aSTovcmber  28  was,  on 
call  loans,  from  4  to  7  per  cent.,  and  on  commercial  i)aper  from  7  to  8 
per  cent. 


SPECIE  IN  BANK  AND  IN  THE  TREASURY  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES,  AND 
ESTIMATED  AMOUNT  IN  THE  COUNTRY — SPECIE  IN  THE  EANK  OF 
ENGLAND  AND  IN  THE  BANK  OP  FRANCE. 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  amounts  of  specie  held  by  the  national 
banks  at  the  dates  of  their  reports  for  the  last  ten  years,  the  coin  and 
coin  certificates  held  by  the  New  York  City  banks  being  stated  sepa- 
rately : 


Dates. 


Oct  3, 
Dec.  27, 
Feb.  28, 
-£pT.  25, 
June  13, 
Sept.  12, 
Dec.  2G, 
Feb.  27, 
May  1, 
June  26, 
Oct.  2, 
Dec.  31, 
Mar.  1, 
May  1, 
JnneSO, 
Oct.  1, 
Dec.  17, 
Mar.  10, 
May  12, 
June  30, 
Oct.  2. 
Dec.  22, 
Jan.  20, 
Apr.  14, 
June  22, 
Oct.  1, 
Dec.  28, 
Mar.  15, 
May  1, 
June  29, 
Oct.  1, 
Dec.  6, 
Jan.  1, 
Apr.  4, 
June  14, 
Oct.  2, 
Dec.  12, 
Ffb.  21, 
Apr.  23, 

JuDOll, 

Oct.  1, 
Dec.  31, 
Mar.  11, 
May  6, 
June  30, 
Oct.  1, 
Dec.  31, 
Mar.  11, 
May  19, 
July  1, 
Oct.    3, 


1872. 
1872. 
1873. 
1873. 
1873. 
1873. 
1873. 
1874. 
1874. 
1874. 
1874. 
1874. 
1875. 
1875. 
1875. 
1875. 
1875. 
1876. 
1876. 
1876. 
1876. 
1876. 
1877. 
1877. 
1877. 
1877. 
1877. 
1878. 
1878. 
1878. 
1878. 
1878. 
1879. 
1879. 
1879. 
1879. 
1879. 
1880. 
1880. 
1880. 
Ih80. 
1880. 
1881. 
1881. 
1X81. 
1881. 
1881. 
1882. 

l)-;82. 

1SS2. 
1882. 


Held  by  national  banlcs  in  Ne'w  York  City. 


Coin. 


$920, 
1, 306, 
1,  9o8, 
1,  344, 
1,  442, 
1,  063, 
1,  376, 
1,167, 
1,  530, 
1,  842, 
1, 291, 
1, 443, 
1,  084, 

930, 
1,023, 

753, 

869, 
3,261, 

832, 
1, 214, 
1, 120, 
1, 434, 
1,  669, 
1,  930, 
1,  423, 

1,  538, 
1, 955, 

2,  428, 
2,  688, 
1,  905, 
1,  779, 

4,  009, 
5, 421, 

5,  312, 
C,  058, 
7,218, 

20,  096, 
12.252, 

12,  595, 
16,682, 
16,  104, 

19,  773, 
15,  924, 
26, 242, 

20,  822, 
15,  317, 

15,  739. 

16,  243, 
14,  708, 

13,  708, 
13,  265, 


767  37 

091  05 
769  86 
950  93 
097  71 
210  55 
170  50 
820  09 
282  10 
525  00 
786  56 
215  42 
555  .54 
105  76 
015  86 
904  90 
436  72 
131  36 
313  70 
522  92 
814  34 
701  83 
284  94 
725  59 
258  17 
486  47 
746  20 
797  44 

092  06 
705  22 
792  43 
299  01 
552  49 

966  90 
472  34 

967  69 
249  64 
541  44 
720  49 
220  40 
855  'J8 
859  01 
683  90 
108  60 
790  87 
168  04 
080  49 
057  39 
9S6  93 
690  77 
3U3  74 


U.  S. 


Clearinsrhonso 


trnld     PPT.   .".^"^on'iS  """= 

^tmcateT      certificates. 


$5, 454,  580 
12, 471,  940 

11,  539,  780 
11, 743, 320 
22, 139,  080 
13,  522, 600 
18, 325,  760 
23,  518, 640 
23,  454,  660 

13,  671,  660 
13, 114, 480 

14,  410,  940 

10,  622, 160 

5,  753,  220 

12,  642, 180 
4,  201,  720 

12,  532,  810 
19, 086, 920 
15, 183, 760 
16,  872,  780 
13, 446,  760 
21,602,900 
33,  629,  660 
13, 889, 180 
10,324,320 
11,409,920 
19, 119,  080 
35,  003, 220 
25, 397, 640 

11,  954, 500 

11,  5H810 

12,  277, 180 
12, 739,  544 
12, 220,  940 
12,  291,  270 
12, 130,  900 

8,  366, 140 
7, 464,  650 

6,  914,  250 
7, 810,  200 

7,  489,  700 
6,  709,  900 
4,  825,  300 
4,  625,  900 
4,  513. 400 
4,  486,  600 
4,  037.  600 
4,  075,  800 
4,  ('34.  300 
4,  005.  100 
3,  908, 100 


$21,569, 
35,  855, 

25,  458, 
33,  337, 
36, 189, 

28,  246. 

30,  809, 
34, 176, 
41,  858, 
31,721, 
33.  852, 

29,  907, 

31,  783, 

32,  8.54, 

26,  224, 


000  00 
000  00 
000  00 
000  00 
000  00 
000  00 
000  00 
000  00 
000  00 
000  00 
000  00 
OOC  00 
Olio  00 

noo  00 

000  00 


Total. 


$6,  375, 
13,  77K, 
13,498, 

13,  088, 

23,  .581, 

14,  585. 
19.701, 

24,  086, 
24,  984. 

15,  514, 

14,  406, 

15,  8.54, 
11,  706, 

6,  083, 
13,  665, 
4,  955, 

13,  402, 

22,  348, 

16,  016, 
18,  087, 

14,  576, 

23,  037, 
35,  298, 

15,  829, 

11,  747, 

12,  948, 
21,074, 
37,  432, 
28,  0S5, 

13,  860, 
13,  294, 

16,  289, 
18,161, 

17,  5,i3, 

18,  349. 

19,  349, 
50,031, 
55,  572, 
44,  967, 
57,  829, 
59,  783, 
54,  729, 
51.. 558, 
65,  044, 
67,194. 
51,  524, 
53, 628, 
50,  226, 
50,  5-J6, 
50.  5G7, 
43,  31*7, 


347  37 
031  05 
541  86 
259  93 
177  71 
810  55 
930  50 
460  09 
942  10 
185  00 
266  56 
155  42 
715  54 
025  76 
195  86 
624  90 
246  72 
051  36 
073  70 
302  92 
574  34 

601  83 
944  94 

905  59 
578  17 
406  47 
826  20 
017  44 
732  06 
205  22 

602  43 
479  01 
092  49 

906  90 
742  34 
867  69 
389  64 
191  44 
970  49 
426  40 
5.55  38 
759  01 
983  90 
008  60 
100  87 
768  04 
080  49 
457  3a 
2.'i6  93 
790  77 
403  74 


Held  by 

Otber  national 

banks. 


$3,  854, 
5, 269, 
4,  279, 

3,  780, 

4,  368, 

5,  282, 
7.  205, 
8, 679, 
7,  585, 

6,  812, 
6,834, 
6,582, 

4,  960, 
3,  937, 
5,294, 
3,  094, 
3,  668, 
6, 729, 

5,  C98, 
7,131, 

6,  785, 
9,  962, 

14,  410, 
11,  240, 

9,588, 
9,  710, 
11,  832, 
17,  290, 
17,  938, 

15,  391, 

17,  394, 

18,  068. 
23,  33.S, 
23,  614, 
23,  983, 
22,  8-J3, 
28, 981, 
33,  869, 
41,  461, 
41,  677, 
49,  562, 

52.  443, 

53,  597, 
.57,  .■;84. 
61,444, 
62,  809, 
58,  908, 
58,  555, 
00,  687, 
60,  272, 
57,  652, 


409  42 
305  40 
123  67 
557  81 
909  01 

658  90 
107  08 
403  49 
027  16 
022  27 
678  67 
605  62 
390  63 
035  88 
386  44 
704  83 

659  18 
294  49 
520  66 
167  00 
079  69 
046  06 
322  61 
132  19 
417  89 
413  84 
924  50 
040  .58 
024  00 
2C4  55 
004  16 
771  35 
064  83 
656  51 
545  10 
873  .54 
651  95 
860  31 
761  72 
078  86 
954  11 
141  91 
211  36 
5,53  48 
736  03 
368  08 
719  11 
573  65 
499  80 
431  77 
774  53 


Aggregate. 


$10,  229, 
19,  047, 
17, 777, 
16,  868, 
27,  950, 
19,  868, 

26,  907, 

33,  365, 
32,  569, 
22,  326, 
21, 240 
22,436, 

16,  667, 
10,  620, 
18,  959, 

8,  050, 

17,  070, 
29, 077, 
21,714, 
25,218, 
21,  361, 
32,999, 
40, 709, 

27,  070, 

21,  33.5, 

22,  6:58, 
32,  907, 
54,  722, 
46,  023, 

29,  251, 

30,  688. 

34,  355, 
41.  499, 
41. 148, 

42. 3;o, 

42, 173, 

79,  013, 
89,  442, 

80,  4'29, 
99,  5l«5, 

109, 346, 
107, 172, 
105, 156, 
122.628, 
128,  638, 
114,  334. 
112,  .5.37, 
108,  7t<2. 
111,213, 
nc,  840, 
101,  050, 


756  79 
336  45 
673  5S 
808  74 
086  72 
469  45 
037  58 
863  5S 
969  26 
207  27 
945  23 
761  04 
106  17 
361  64 
582  30 
329  73 
905  90 
345  85 
594  36 
469  92 
6.54  03 
647  89 
267  55 
037  78 
996  06 
820  31 
750  70 
058  02 

756  06 
4t;9  77 
C06  59 
250  36 

757  32 
563  41 
287  44 

731  23 
041  59 
051  75 

732  21 
505  26 
509  49 
900  92 
195  26 
562  08 
927  50 
736  12 
399  60 
031  (>4 
786  73 
222  54 
17S  27 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


151 


The  national  banks  held  silver  coin  anionntin^,  on  October  1, 1877,  to 
$3,700,703,  and  on  October  1,  1878,  to  $5,392,028.  On  October  2,  1879, 
the  amount  held  was  $4,980,493,  and  on  October  1,  1880,  it  was 
$0,495,477,  including  $1,105,120  in  silver  treasury  certificates,  and  on 
October  3,  1882,  it  was  $8,273,815,  including  $1,807,000  of  silver  certifi- 
cates. On  October  1,  of  the  ])resent  year,  the  oflicial  rei)orts  of  the  State 
banks  in  New  England,  New  York,  Pennsylvania,  Maryland,  Louisiana, 
Ohio,  Indiana,  Iowa,  Wisconsin,  j\Iissouri,  and  Minnesota  show  that 
these  banks  then  held  specie  amounting  to  $7,140,807,  of  which  the  banks 
in  New  York  City  hekl  $3,484,913,  The  official  returns  from  the  State 
banks  of  California  do  not  give  separately  the  amount  of  coin  lield  by 
them;  but  it  is  estimated  that  of  the  total  cash  re])<)rted,  annmiiting  to 
$10,542,859,  $10,000,022  consisted  of  coin.  The  amount  of  coin  held  by 
State  banks  in  the  States  before  mentioned,  including  California,  was, 
therefore,  $17,201,489. 

The  Director  of  the  Mint,  in  his  report  for  1881,  estimates  the  amount 
of  coin  in  the  country  on  June  30,  1880,  at  $501,555,711,  of  Miiich 
$358,958,091  was  gold  and  $142,597,020  was  silver.  His  estimate  for 
the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1882,  is  as  follows : 


United  States  coin. 

Gold. 

Silver. 

Total. 

Circulation  Jnne  30,  1881 

$439,  774,  753 
88,  814,  091 

$171. 450,  7C6 

27,C5r),  816 

517,  778 

$611,236,519 
116  464  907 

Coinage  for  the  year.  Ies8  deposits  for  recoina^e 

517  778 

Total 

528,  590,  844 
25, 008,  659 

109,  C33,  SCO 

728,  224.  204 
25, 008,  659 

Remainder 

503,  .^82, 185 
2,  700,  000 

190, 633. 360 
00,000 

703  215  545 

2  760  000 

Circulation  July  1,  1882 

500,  882, 185 

199,  573,  3C0 

700, 455,  545 

From  July  1,  1882,  to  jSToveinber  1,  the  Director  estimates  that  there 
was  added  to  the  coin  $15,300,491  of  gold  and  $8,738,472  of  silver,  mak- 
ing the  stock  of  coin  in  the  country  at  the  latter  date  $724,500,508,  of 
which  $510,188,070  was  gold  and  $208,311,832  was  silver. 

The  amount  of  bullion  in  the  mint  and  in  the  New  York  assay  office 
on  November  1  is  stated  to  have  been  $50,910,780  of  gold  and  $4,012,503 
of  silver,  making  in  all  $54,929,283;  which,  added  to  the  estimated  amount 
of  coin  stated  above,  gives  $779,429,791,  of  which  amount  $507,105,450 
was  gold  and  $212,324,335  was  silver. 

The  following  table  shows  the  amount  of  gold  and  silver,  including 
the  amount  held  to  protect  gold  and  silver  certificates,  and  the  percent- 
age of  each,  in  the  Treasury  of  the  United  States,  on  September  30  of 
each  year  from  1876  to  1882,  and  ou  November  1,  1882  : 


Period. 


Silver. 


Standard 
dollars. 


Other  coin 
and  bullion. 


Total  eU- 
ver. 


Gold  coin 
and  bullion. 


Total  coin 
and  bullion. 


Per  cent  of— 


SUyer. 


Gold 


Sept.30, 187C.. 
Sept  30, 1877.. 
Sept  30, 1878.. 
Sopt,  30, 1679.. 
Sept.  30, 1880.. 
Sept  30, 1881 . . 
Sept  30, 1882.. 
Nov.l,  1882... 


$12, 155,  205 
31,806,774 
47,784,744 
GO,  0<i2,  007 
92,  2'J8,  C49 
92, 414,  977 


$6,  020,  367 
7. 425,  454 
1.%  777,  937 
21,173,023 
30,  878,  280 
28, 045,  207 
30, 709, 70.'-> 
30, 701, 935 


$C.  029,  307 
7, 425, 4r>4 
27. 933, 142 
r.2, 979, 797 
78,  663,  030 
90,  037, 964 
122, 998,  3.54 
123, 170, 912 


$r,ry,  423, 0.-9 

107,  O'O,  529 

130,  ma,  302 

ir.9, 827.  571 
13.\  041,  450 
174,361,34.3 
].';2,  739, 1(10 
159,  805,  7 14 


$01,4.-2,426 
114,404.983 
163,  909,  444 
222,  807,  368 
214,  304,  480 
269,  399,  307 
27.'".,  737,  4R0 
282,  982,  656 


9.8 
0.5 
17.0 
23.8 
36.7 
35.3 
44.0 
43.5 


90.2 
93.5 
83.0 
76.2 
C3.3 
04. 7 
5.5. 4 
66.5 


152 


PArEKM    ACCOMPANYING    TlIK 


The  bullion  in  (in;  Ji;iiik  of  Eii;;hui(l  for  each  year  Irom  1870  to  1882, 


is  shown  in  the  folio win]i 
five  dollars 


I  able,  the  i)ound  sterling:?  being  estimated  at 


1870 §10:?,  1)00,  000 

1871 117,950,000 

1872 112,000,000 

1873 11:5,500,000 

1874 111,450,000 

1875 110,000,000 

1876 14:3,500,000 


1877 • §120,850,000 

1878 110,200,000 

1879* 150,942,980 

IBBOt 141,0:57,000 

1881t 115,221,870 

1882t 108,080,912 


Below  is  a  similar  table,  giving  the  amount  of  gold  and  silver,  and 
the  percentage  of  each,  in  the  Bank  of  France,  on  December  31  of  each 
yearf  from  1870  to  1881,  and  on  November  2,  1882,  five  francs  being 
estimated  at  one  dollar : 


Years. 


December  31 J  870 
Dtcnnlier31, 1871 
December  31, 1JS72 
December  31, 1S73 
December  31, 1874 
December  31, 1875 
December  31, 1876 
December  31, 1877 
December  31, 1878 
December  31, 1879 
December  31, 1880 
December  31, 1881 
November  2, 1882 . 


Silver  coin 
and  bullion. 


Gold  coin 
and  bullion. 


$13,  700. 

i  0,240, 

20,  520, 

31,  260, 

G2,  040, 

101,  000, 

127,  720, 

173,  080, 

211,620, 

245,  5-.'0, 

244,  360, 

231, 180, 

223, 136, 


$85,  740,  000 
110,  680,  000 
131,  740,  000 
ll'2,  260,  000 
204,  220,  000 
234,  860,  000 
306,  080,  000 
235, 420,  000 
196,  720,  000 
148,  320,  000 
110,480,000 
129, 160,  000 
194,  314,  000 


Per  cent  of— 


Total. 


$99, 440, 000 
126,  920,  000 
158,260,000 
153,  520, 000 
266,  860,  000 
335, 860,  000 
433,  800,  000 
408,  500,  000 
408,  340,  000 
393,  840, 000 
354,  840,  000 
360,  340, 000 
417, 450, 000 


Silver. 


13.8 
12.8 
10.8 
20.4 
23.5 
30.1 
29.4 
42.4 
51.8 
62.3 
68.9 
64.2 
53.5 


Gold. 


80.2 
87.2 
83.2 
79.6 
76.5 
69.9 
70.6 
57.6 
48.2 
37.7 
31.1 
35.8 
46.5 


TRANSACTIONS  OF  THE  NEW  YORK  CLEARING  HOUSE. 


The  New  York  Clearing  House  Association  is  composed  of  forty-seven 
national  and  fourteen  State  banks,  and  the  assistant  treasurer  of  the 
United  States  at  New  York. 

Through  the  courtesy  of  Mr.  W.  A.  Camp,  its  manager,  a  statement 
of  the  transactions  during  the  year  ending  October  1,  1882,  has  been 
obtained,  which  shows  that  the  total  exchanges  were  more  than 
forty-six  thousand  millions  of  dollars,  while  the  balances  paid  in  money 
were  nearly  1,000  millions.  The  daily  average  balances  paid  were  some- 
what more  than  $5,000,000,  or  about  3.4  j^er  cent,  of  the  amount  of  the 
settlements.  The  balances  paid  in  money  during  the  year  consisted  of 
$1,325,990,000  in  clearing  house  certificates  of  the  Bank  of  America, 
legal  tenders  amounting  to  $10,220,245,  and  $258,550,000  in  gold  coin, 
weighing  476J  tons.  If,  instead  of  gold  coin,  silver  had  been  used,  the 
weight  would  have  been  nearly  8,000  tons.  Since  the  date  of  the  issue 
of  the  new  gold  certificates  (October  4),  authorized  by  the  act  of  July  12, 
1882,  the  balances  due  from  the  government  have  been  paid  in  these 

*  London  Economist,  November  8, 1879. 

t  London  Bankers'  Magazine,  October,  16S0, 1881,  and  1882. 

t  The  Bulletin  de  Statistique,  as  quoted  in  the  Bankers'  Magazine,  New  York,  vol. 
xiii,  page  740;  except  the  items  for  1879-'80  and  '81,  which  were  obtained  from  the 
London  Bankers'  Magazine  for  August,  18S0,  page  OGl,  September,  18S1.  page  716^ 
and  September,  1862,  page  739,  and  the  last  item  from  The  London  Economist,  Novem- 
ber 4, 1882. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


153 


ceitilicates  instead  of  coiu,  thus  dispeusiug  with  the  movement  of  large 
amounts  in  bags  and  upon  drays  from  the  Treasury  to  the  custody  of  the 
banks.  The  following  table  shows  the  yearly  transactions  of  the  New 
York  clearing  house  for  the  twenty-nine  years  since  its  organization  in 
1853,  and  the  amoimts  and  ratios  of  currency  required  for  the  payment 
of  daily  balances : 


Years. 

No.  of 
banks. 

•Capital. 

Exchanges. 

Balances  paid 
in  money. 

Average 

daily 
exchanges. 

Average 
daily  bal- 
ances paid 
in  money. 

Ra- 
tios. 

Per.et 

1854 

50 

$47,  044,  900 

$5,  750, 455,  987 

$297. 411,  404   $19. 104,  505 

$988,  078 

5.2 

1855 

48 

48,  884, 180 

5,  362, 912,  098 

289,694.137  j  17,  412.  0.12 

940,565 

5.4 

1856 

50 

52,  883,  700 

6,  906,  213,  329 

334, 714,  489     22,  278, 108 

1,  079. 724 

4.8 

1857 

50 

64,  420,  200 

8,  333,  226,  718 

365,  313,  902     26.  908,  371 

1. 182,  246 

4.4 

1858 

46 

67, 146, 018 

4,  756,  004,  386 

314.238,911     15,393,730 

1,  016,  954 

6.6 

1859 

47 

67,  921.  714 

0,  448,  005, 956 

303,  984,  683     20,  «G7,  333 

1, 177,  944 

5.6 

1800 

50 

69,  907, 435 

7,  231, 143,  057 

380,  693,  438     23,  401,  757 

1,  232,  018 

5.3 

1801 

50 

68, 900.  605 

5,  915,  742, 758 

353,  383,  944  \  19,  200,  520 

1,151,088 

6.0 

18C2 

50 

68,  375,  820 

6,  871.  443,  591 

415,  5.30,  331  !  22,  237,  682 

1,  344, 75S 

6.0 

1863 

50 

68,  972,  508 

14,  867,  597, 848 

677,  626,  483 

48, 428,  657 

2, 207,  252 

4.8 

1804 

49 

68,  580,  703 

24, 097, 196, 656 

885,  719,  205 

77. 984. 455 

2,  866, 405 

3.7 

1805 

55 

80, 303,  013 

26,  032, 384, 342 

1,  035. 705. 108 

84,  796, 040 

3, 373,  828 

4.0 

18C6 

58 

82,  370,  200 

28. 717, 140, 914 

1. 006, 135, 106 

93,  541, 195 

3,  472, 753 

3.7 

1807 

58 

81, 770,  200 

28,675,159,472 

1,144,963,451  1  93,101,167 

3,717,414 

4.0 

1808 

59 

82, 270,  200 

28, 484, 288, 637 

1. 125,  455,  237  1  92. 182. 164 

3,  642,  250 

4.0 

1869 

59 

82,  720, 200 

37,  407,  028,  987 

1, 120,  318,  308   121, 4.31.  393 

3,  637.  397 

3.0 

1870 

61 

83,  020,  200 

27,  804,  530,  406 

1,  030,  484,  822  ,  90,  274,  479 

3.  365,  210 

3.7 

1871 

62 

84, 420, 200 

29. 300,  986,  082 

1,209.721,029  1  95,13.3,074 

3.  927,  666 

4.1 

1872 

61 

84, 420, 200 

33,  844,  369,  568 

1,  428.  582,  707    109,  884,  317 

4,  636,  632 

4.2 

1873 

59 

83, 370, 200 

35. 401,  052,  826 

1,  474,  50f ,  025    115,88.5,794 

4,  818,  654 

4.1 

1874 

59 

81, 635, 200 

22,  855,  927,  636 

1,  286,  753, 176     74.  692,  574 

4,  205. 076 

5.7 

1875 

59 

80, 435,  200 

25,  061,  237,  902 

1, 408,  608,  777  ,  81,  899,  470 

4,  603,  297 

5.0 

1876 

59 

81, 731,  200 

21,  597,  274,  247 

1,  295,  042,  029     70,  349,  428 

4, 218.  378 

5.9 

1877 

58 

71,  085, 200 

23,  289,  243,  701 

1,  373,  996,  302  |  76.  358, 176 

4,  504.  9U6 

5.9 

1878 

57 

63, 611,  500 

22,  508,  438,  442 

1,  307,  843,  857  t  73.  555.  988 

4,  274,  000 

5.8 

1879 

59 

60, 800, 200 

25, 178, 770.  701 

1, 400,  111,  063     82,  015,  540 

4,  560,  022 

5.6 

1880 

57 

60. 475, 200 

37, 182, 128,  621 

1,516,538,631    121,510,224 

4,  956,  009 

4.1 

1881 

60 

61, 162, 700 

48,  565,  818,  212 

1,776,018,162    159,2.32,191 

5,  823,  010 

3.5 

1882 

61 

60.  902, 700 

46,  552,  846, 161 

1,  595, 000,  245   151,  637,  935 

5, 195,  440 

3.4 

t71,043,710 

♦645,059,244,842 

:28,  280, 157,  052  J  72, 443,  Oil 

1 3, 176,  537 

4.4 

The  total  amount  of  transactions  for  the  twenty-nine  years  given  in 
the  table  is  $645,059,244,812,  and  the  annual  average  is  $22,243,422,236. 

The  clearing  house  transactions  of  the  assistant  treasurer  of  the  United 
States  at  New  York,  for  the  year  ending  November  1, 1882,  were  as  follows : 

Exchanges  received  from  clearing-house $.341,737,  470  97 

Exchanges  delivered  to  clearing-house r24,%:i,  744  70 

Balances  paid  to  clearing-house t- 218,  h'JU,803  2C 

Balances  received  from  clearing-house 2, 126, 076  99 

Showing  that  the  amount  paid  by  the  assistant  treasurer  to  the  clear- 
ing-house was  iu  excess  of  the  amount  received  by  him 2111,  773,  72G  27 

A  table  compiled  from  statements  made  by  the  New  York  clearing- 
house, giving  the  clearings  and  balances  weekly  for  the  months  of 
September,  October,  and  November,  of  the  years  from  1874  to  1882,  will 
be  found  in  the  appendix,  and  are  valualde  for  purposes  of  ci>mparison. 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  transactions  of  cleariug-hou.ses  located 

"The  capital  is  for  various  dates,  the  amount  at  a  uniform  date  iu  each  year  not 
being  obtainable, 
t  Yearly  averages  for  tweuty-nine  years.  \  Totals  for  twenty-nine  years. 


154 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 


in  22  cities,  for  the  year  ending  October  1, 1882,  from  official  returns  re- 
ceived by  the  manager  of  New  York  Clearing-House: 


Cities. 


BoBton,  MiiHS 

Pliilml.li.liia,  Pa.. 

CliiciiKo,  111 

Cincinnati,  Ohio .., 
Saint  LoiiiH.  Mo  .. 

Baltimore,  Mil 

San  Fniiicisco.  Cal 
Npw  Orl'-ans,  La.. 
Pittsbiivgh,  I'a  .... 
Louisville,  Ky  .... 
Milwaukee,  wis . . 
Kansas  City.  Mo.. 
Cl.^vcland, 'Ohio... 
Indianapolis,  Ind  . 

Hart  fold,  Conn 

Peoria,  111 

Memphis,  Tenn 

Worcester,  Mass.. 
Spriuiitit'ld,  Mass  . 

Lowell,  Ma.<<8 

Syracuse,  N.  Y 

New  York  City.... 

22  cities 

New  York  City 


Exchanges. 


46, 


T.'iS,  4<16. 

760,  040, 

.37:t,  'JU.'i, 

971,000, 

878,  .040, 

700.  464, 

C:{5, 7H7, 

4K4,  61.-., 

4:t3,  089, 

.■?92,  189, 

3HS,  170. 

178.  044, 

llfi,  481, 

112,  000, 

88,  4!).'!, 

54, 428. 

43,  693, 

42, 769. 

41,4r)0, 

28,  .502, 

21.  929, 

552,  846, 


901  00 

90.-)  49 
4h7  00 
000  00 
184  00 
.")08  35 
078  51 
412  00 
238  82 
9:^4  00 
940  06 
500  00 
767  00 
000  00 
001)  00 
517  iiO 
882  07 
GGt;  00 
006  00 
.573  08 
316  97 
161  34 


Balances. 


$479,  090, 
234,  099, 
247,  934, 

(*) 

141,172, 

83,  908, 

112,275, 

49,  7.33, 

82,218, 

41,072, 

62,  i>W, 

(*) 

(*) 

24.  000. 

23,  .588, 

n 

9,  721, 
13,  747, 
12,  694, 
10,701, 

6,  043, 
1,  595,  000, 


C85  00 
190  71 
356  00 

251  00 
848  07 
530  21 
734  00 
178  18 
489  27 
929  20 


000  00 
000  00 

986  74 
394  00 
908  74 
600  94 
858  28 
245  27 


61,  054, 353,  584  75  i      3,  229, 701, 191  61 

76.3  per  cent,   of     49.4  per  cent,  of 

total  exchanges.        total  balances. 


*  Xo  record  kept. 

The  following  interesting  table  bas  been  copied  from  the  Public,  of 
New  York  City,  of  November  23,  which  gives  the  latest  information  con- 
cerning the  exchanges  at  New  Y^ork  and  other  cities  having  clearing- 
houses, for  the  week  ending  November  18,  1882,  comparing  them  with 
those  for  the  corresponding  week  in  1881,  and  showing  the  ijercentage 
of  diflerences.  The  exchanges  at  the  same  places  for  the  week  ending 
November  11, 1882,  are  also  given  with  the  percentage  of  differences  re- 
sulting from  a  comparison  with  the  exchanges  for  the  same  week  of  the 
previous  year. 


Week  ending  November  18. 


1882. 


1881. 


Per 
cent. 


Week   ending  Nov- 
eruber  11. 


1882. 


Per 

cent. 


New  York 

Boston 

Philadelphia 

Chicago 

Cincinnati 

Saint  Lonis 

Pittsburg 

Baltinu)re 

San  Francisco 

New  Orleans 

Milwaukee 

Louisville 

Providence 

Kansas  City 

Cleveland 

Indianapolis 

Hartford 

Memphis 

New  Haven 

Peoria 

Columbus 

Portland 

Worcester 

Spriugtield 

Lowell 

Syracuse 

Total  

Outside  New  York 


,  054,  58.5, 

75,  587, 

55,  876, 

48, 202, 

21,  494, 

17,  0?0, 

14, 586, 

14,  514, 

14,116, 

13,491, 

8, 123, 

7,  a38, 

5,421, 

4,  630, 

2,  393, 

2,141, 

2,  05.5, 

1, 634, 

1,418, 

1,  078, 

1,  073, 

*1,  030, 

949, 

945, 

772, 

576, 


666 
083 
635 
252 
000 
980 
503 
871 
305 
661 
670 
929 
800 
200 
822 
641 
788 
766 
481 
.558 
541 
655 
086 
168 
367 
316 


$892,  319,  707 

86,  781,  980 

57,  969, 493 

46, 857, 356 

20,  275,  000 

18,  552, 432 

8,  231, 182 

15,  270,  602 

13,  934, 168 

12,  381,  927 

7,  816,  7.56 

7, 158,  985 

5,  069,  600 

3,  074,  700 

2,  577,  219 

2, 434,  748 

1,  762,  978 

1,611,834 

1,  263,  734 

1,  062,  509 

899, 134 


+18. 2 
-12.9 
-3.6 
+  2.9 
+  6.0 
-7.9 
+77. 2 
-4.9 
+  1.3 
+  9.0 
+  3.9 
+  2.5 
+  6.9 
+50.6 
-7.1 
-12.0 
+  16.6 
+  1.4 
+  12.2 
+  1.5 
+19.4 


880.377 
926, 288 
546,  991 
504,  512 


+  7.8 
+  2.0 
+41.2 
+  14.2 


950,  469, 957 

74,  693,  348 

54,  04(1,  419 

48, 221,  994 

19, 109,  500 

17.  870, 457 

23,161,722 

12. 213, 1,56 

10, 493,  471 

14,  512,  512 

6,915,788 

6,781,630 

5.  304,  900 

5,  300,  000 

2,398,234  I 

1,897,587  I 

1,878.811  I 

1,707,416  ; 

1,  308,  520 

1. 127, 170 

1, 254,  293 

*1,  ISO,  168 

930, 826 

823,  707 

704,  848 

507,  070 


+  19.3 
-11.1 
+11.0 

-  2.7 

-  3.8 
-11.6 

+173. 8 

-  7.8 
-14.5 
+2L3 

-  .2 
-13.8 
+  .9 
+71.8 
+  1.1 
-23.3 
+  15  6 
+36.3 
+  14.6 

-  4.0 
+21.0 


+  11.7 

-  7.4 
+  30.9 
+  28.8 


1,370,090,689  I     1,210,164,212 
315,  505,  023  317,  844,  505 


+13.2 
—    .7 


1,263,687,336       +14.7 
313,217,380       +2.7 


'Portland  omitted  in  footings. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     155 
CLEARINa-HOUSE  CERTIFICATES. 

Section  5192  Revised  Statutes  provides  that  clearing-house  certifi- 
cates, representing  specie  or  lawful  money  specially  deposited  for  the 
purposes  of  any  clearing-house  association,  shall  also  be  deemed  to  be 
lawful  mone^'  in  the  possession  of  any  association  belonging  to  such 
clearing-house  holding  and  owning  such  certificate;  and  section  5193 
provides  that  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  may  receive  United  States 
notes  on  deposit,  without  interest,  from  any  national  banking  associa- 
tion, in  sums  not  less  th;in  ten  thousand  dollars,  and  issue  certiticatcs 
therefor  in  denominations  of  not  less  than  five  thousand  dollars,  which 
certiticates  may  be  counted  as  part  of  tlie  lawful-nioncy  reserve,  and 
may  be  accepted  in  the  settlement  of  clearing-house  balances  at  the 
places  where  the  deposits  therefor  were  made. 

The  legal-tender  note  certificates  were  first  issued  in  the  fiscal  year 
1873.  On  June  30,  1875,  there  were  outstanding  $59,()45,()()0  of  these 
certiticates,  of  which  the  national  banks  held  $47,31{>,(»()U.  On  June  30, 
187G,  the  amount  outstanding  was  $33,140,000,  of  which  the  banks 
held  $!27,9r.5,0U0.  On  June  30,  1879,  the  amount  had  been  reduced  to 
$29,330,000,  and  the  banks  held  on  June  14  of  the  same  year,  $25,180,000. 
The  amount  outstanding  on  October  3,  1882,  was  $10,725,000,  and  the 
national  banks  held  on  that  day,  $8,045,000. 

The  issue  of  the  gold  certificates  was  authorized  by  the  fifth  section  of 
the  act  of  March  3,  1803,  and  they  were  used  for  clearing-house  purposes 
soon  after  the  i)assage  of  the  national  bank  act.  The  first  issue  was 
made  on  aSTovember  13,  1805.  On  June  30,  1875.  there  were  outstanding 
$21,790,300,of  which  the  national  banks  in  Xew  York  City  held  $12,042, 180. 
The  issue  of  these  certificates  was  discontinued  on  December  1, 1878.  and 
the  amount  outstanding  had  decreased  on  June  30,1879,  to  $15,413,700, 
and  on  October  1,  1880,  to  $7,480,100.  The  amount  outstanding  on 
October  3,  was  $4,907,440,  of  which  the  national  banks  held  $4,594,300, 
The  issue  of  gold  certiticates  having  been  discontinued  by' the  govern- 
ment, and  the  amount  of  gold  coin  having  rapidly  increased,  the  banks 
in  New  York  found  it  necessary  to  establish  a  depository  of  gold  coin 
for  the  convenience  of  the  clearing-house.  This  depository  at  the  i)resent 
time  is  the  Bank  of  America,  by  which  bank  certitici^.tes  of  deposit 
were  first  issued  on  October  14,  1879.  The  amount  of  such  certifi- 
cates outstanding  on  November  1,  1882,  was  $20,390,000;  on  January 
1, 1880,  $25,010,000.  The  largest  amount  of  coin  on  dei)Osit,  during  tlie 
year,  was  on  January  21,  1882,  viz,  $45,330,000,  the  capacity  of  the 
vault  having  been  increased  since  1880.  The  national  banks  of  New 
York  City  lieid  on  July  1, 1882,  $34,48(1,000;  on  October  3,  $41,132,000. 

The  act  of  rebniary  28,  1878,  autliorized  any  holder  of  silver  dollars 
of  the  weight  of  412;^  grains  troy  of  standard  silver,  to  deposit  the 
same  with  the  Treasurer,  or  any  assistant  treasurer,  of  the  United 
States,  in  sums  not  less  than  ten  dollars,  and  receive  therelbr  certiticates 
of  not  less  tlian  ten  dollars  each,  corresponding  with  the  denomina- 
tions of  the  United  States  notes.  It  required  tliat  the  coin  deposited, 
or  representing  the  certificates,  should  be  retained  in  the  Trea.Miry  for 
the  payment  of  the  same  on  den)an(l,  and  that  said  certiticates  should  be 
receivable  for  customs,  taxes,  and  all  jmhbc  dues,  ami  also  authorized 
their  reissue.  This  act  did  not  authorize  theil^"  use  as  clearing-house 
certificates,  nor  make  them  availalde  as  r<'serve  for  the  Tiational  banks. 

The  act  of  July  12,  1882,  authorized  and  directed  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury  to  receive  dei)osits  of  gold  coin  in  denominations  of  not  less 
than  $20  each,  corresponding  with  the  denominations  of  United  States 


156 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


notes.    The  coin  deposited  for  the  certilicates  is  required  to  be  retained 
for  the  payment  of  the  same  on  demand,  and  these  certilicates,  and  also 
silver  certificates,  are  authorized  to  be  counted  as  part  of  the  lawful 
reserve  of  the  national  banks. 
The  act  also  provides  that — 

No  national  banking  association  shall  bo  a  member  of  any  clearing  house  in  which 
snch  certificates  shall  not  be  receivable  in  the  settlement  oi  clearing-house  balances. 

The  amount  of  silver  certificates  outstanding  on  l^ovember  1  was 
$65,020,450.  The  amount  of  gold  certificates  which  had  been  issued 
under  this  act  on  November  1,  1882,  was  $21,790,000. 


STATE  BANKS,   TRUST  COMPANIES,   AND   SAVINGS  BANKS. 

The  act  of  Congress  of  February  19,  1873,  section  333  of  the  United 
States  Kevised  Statutes,  requires  the  Comptroller  to  obtain  from  au- 
thentic sources,  and  report  to  Congress,  statements,  exhibiting  under 
appropriate  heads,  the  resources  and  liabilities  of  such  banks  and  sav- 
ings banks  as  are  organized  under  the  laws  of  the  several  States  and 
Territories.  In  compliance  with  this  act,  he  has  presented  annually  in 
the  appendices  to  his  reports,  the  resources  and  liabilities  of  these  corpo- 
rations, so  far  as  it  has  been  possible  to  obtain  them.  Through  the 
courtesy  of  State  officers,  returns  of  State  banks,  savings  banks,  and 
trust  and  loan  companies  have,  during  the  jjast  year,  been  received  from 
twenty-three  States.  Many  of  the  States  and  Territories,  including 
Illinois,  Kansas,  Nebraska,  Dakota,  Oregon,  Virginia,  and  Tennessee 
do  not  require  periodical  returns  of  the  condition  of  the  different  classes 
of  banks  organized  under  their  laws. 

From  these  returns,  the  following  abstract  has  been  compiled,  show- 
ing the  resources  and  liabilities  of  State  banks  and  trust  companies  for 
the  last  three  years,  the  number  reporting  in  1880  being  650;  in  1881, 
683,  and  in  1882,  704. 


1880. 

1881. 

1882. 

650  banks. 

683  banks. 

704  banks. 

RESOUKCES. 

$281,  496,  731 

597, 699 

26,  252, 182 

35,  6(il,  792 

40,  340,  345 

19,  489,  086 

7,  374,  037 

979,  492 

11, 176,  592 

6,  905,  977 

51,  500,  226 

$352, 725,  986 
1, 407,  695 
27,  680, 025 
42,  330,  957 
54,  602,  829 
21,  396,  772 
11,  941, 741 
1. 136,  427 

16,  900, 762 

17,  925,  628 
27,  391,  317 

$404,574,420 

1,373,116 

25,  673,  984 

Ovordrafts 

United  Stati's  bonds 

45,  658. 783 
57,  973,  718 

Due  fiom  banks 

19,  915,  682 

Otliov assL'ta 

13,  685,  205 

Expenses 

1, 193,  345 

18,  .^46, 073 

Specie 

17,  902, 760 

Legal-tenders,  bank  notes,  &o 

27,  322, 912 

Total 

481,  774, 159 

575,  500, 139 

633, 819, 998 

LIABILITIES. 

Capital  stock 

109, 318,  451 

283,  308 

25, 008,  431 

10,  774,  731 

486,  094 

298, 759,  619 

18,  613,  336 

18,  530, 189 

112,111,325 

274,  941 

27,  857, 976 

12,  237,  320 

576,  413 

373,  032,  632 

19, 105,  664 

30, 303,  868 

113, 361, 931 

Circulation .            

286, 391 

Surplua  fund 

31,  504,  352 

TJudividnd  profits *. 

14, 758, 438 

Dividends  unpaid 

577, 419 

Deposits 

426,  677,  092 

Due  to  banks 

18, 409,  351 

Other  liabilities 

28,  245,  024 

Total 

481, 774, 159 

575, 500, 139 

633,  819,  998 

REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


157 


The  foregoiug  table  was  prepared  from  returns  from  all  the  New  Eng- 
land States,  except  Maine;  from  four  Middle  States,  not  iuclu:ling 
Delaware,  and  from  all  the  Western  States,  excepting  Illinois,  Kansas, 
and  ]S'ebraska.  The  only  Southern  States  from  wliich  reports  have 
been  received  were  South  Carolina,  Georgia,  Louisiana,  Texas,  and 
Kentucky.  The  only  Pacific  State  is  California.  There  no  are  State 
banks  in  Maine,  but  one  in  New  Hampshire,  six  in  Vermont,  and  none 
in  Massachusetts.  There  are,  however,  six  trust  and  loan  companies  in 
the  latter  State,  one  in  Ehode  Island,  and  seven  in  Connecticut, 

SAVINGS  BANKS. 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  aggregate  resources  and  liabilities  of 
629  savings  banks  in  1880,  1881,  and  1882  : 


1880. 


1881. 


1882. 


RESOURCES. 

Loans  on  real  estate 

Loans  on  personal  and  collateral  security.... 

United  States  bonds 

state,  municipal,  and  other  bonds  and  stocks 

Kailroad  bonds  and  stocks 

Bank  stock 

Real  estate 

Other  assets 

Expenses 

Duo  from  banks 

Cash 

Total 

LIABILITIES. 

Deposit.^! 

Sarplns  fund 

Unuividod  profits 

Other  liabilities 

Totel 


$315,  273, 232 

70, 175,  090 

187,  413,  220 

150,  440,  359 

20, 705, 378 

32,  225,  923 

39,  038,  502 

27, 053, 452 

216,  423 

22,  063,  091 

17, 072,  680 


$307, 096, 158 

95,  817,  641 

210,  84.5,  514 

159,  819,  942 

27,  069, 048 

33,  249, 203 

41,  987,  674 

37, 408, 163 

135,  572 

40,  603,  641 

13,758,106 


$307,  089, 227 

128, 483,  698 

237,  786, 442 

206,  291,  274 

32,  994,  578 

35,  365,  717 

39,  882, 429 

11,047,346 

132,  204 

38,  977, 1.35 

14, 932,  015 


881,  677,  350 


819,106,973 
51,  226,  472 
4, 740,  861 
6,  603,  044 


881, 677,  350 


907, 790,  662     1 ,  052,  982,  065 


891,  961, 142 

60,  289,  905 

10,  325,  800 

5,213,815 


967,  790,  6C2 


966, 797, 081 
69,454,512 
11,136.219 
5,  5W,  253 


1, 052,  982, 065 


The  foregoing  table  includes  the  returns  from  the  six  New  England 
States,  from  four  Middle  States,  not  including  Delaware,  from  the  States 
of  Ohio,  Indiana,  California,  and  the  District  of  Columbia.  The  ag- 
gregate of  loans  in  the  New  England  States  is  $252,010,803,  and  o£ 
deposits,  $430,233,402.  In  the  Middle  States  the  aggregate  of  loans  is 
$145,099,503,  and  of  deposits,  $409,058,085. 

Some  of  the  largest  savings  banks  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  organ- 
ized under  old  charters,  are  not  required  to  make  rcjiorts  to  any  State 
officer.  Returns  received  directly  from  four  of  these  banks,  having  de- 
posits amounting  to  $29,913,005,  are  included  in  the  returns  from  the 
State  of  Pennsylvania. 

The  savings-banks  deposits,  given  in  the  foregoing  table  for  1882, 
based  upon  reports  made  to  State  authorities,  are  $900,797,081,  and  the 
deposits  of  the  State  banks  and  trust  companies  were  $420,077,092. 
These  returns  do  not  include  bank  de])Osits.  The  de])osits  of  the 
national  banks  on  October  3,  1882,  exclusive  of  those  due  to  banks, 
were  $1,138,071,777.  These  (Je])osits  of  the  national  banks  bear  to  those 
of  the  savings  banks  the  iirojiortion,  nearly,  of  55  to  45  ;  to  those  of  the 
State  banks  and  trust  coinpani«'S  tlie  ])r()p()ition  of  73  to  27;  and  to  the 
combined  deposits  of  both,  tlic  proportion  of  15  to  55. 

The  total  population  of  New  England,  according  to  the  census  of  1880, 


158 


PAPERS   ACCOSrPANYING   THE 


was  4,010,520,  and  tlio  iinmbor  of  open -deposit  accounts  of  tlie  savings 
banks  in  the  year  1882  is  1,204,850,  \vlii<;h  is  equal  to  .'32.3  accounts  to 
eacli  one  Imndred  of  the  entire  population.  The  averaire  amount  of 
each  a(!Couiit  is  $332.2(5,  and  if  the  total  deposits  were  divided  among 
the  entire  population,  the  average  sum  of  $107.27  could  be  given  to  each 
individual. 

The  dejiosits  of  the  savings  banks  in  the  State  of  New  York  were 
$387,832,803,  while  the  i)Oj)ulation  is  5,082,871,  showing  that  an  equal 
distribution  of  the  savings-banks  dejwsits  among  the  entire  po])ulation 
of  the  State  would  give  $70.30  to  each  individual.  Tables  showing  the 
aggregate  resources  and  liabilities  of  State  banks,  trust  companies,  and 
savings  banks  in  each  State,  from  which  returns  have  been  received 
from  the  State  authorities  appear  in  the  Appendix. 

A  table  is  also  there  given  showing  by  States  the  number  of  savings- 
bank  depositors  and  the  average  amount  due  to  each  in  1881  and  1882. 

PRIVATE  BANKERS. 

In  the  Appendix  will  be  found  three  comprehensive  tables  of  two 
pages  each,  giving  by  geographical  divisions,  and  by  States,  Territories, 
and  principal  cities,  the  number  of  State  banks,  savings  banks,  trust 
and  loan  companies,  and  private  bankers  of  the  country,  for  the  present 
and  two  previous  years,  together  with  the  amount  of  their  capital  and 
deposits,  and  the  amount  of  their  capital  invested  by  them  in  United 
States  bonds.  The  first  official  infonnation  of  this  character  ever  pub- 
lished in  regard  to  the  private  bankers  of  the  country  was  contained  in 
a  table  in  the  Comptroller's  report  for  1880.  The  following  information 
in  reference  to  the  private  bankers  in  sixteen  of  the  principal  cities  has 
been  compiled  from  the  table  in  the  Appendix  for  the  year  1882 : 


Cities. 


Boston — 

New  York  City 

Albany 

Philadelphia.^ 

Pittsburgh 

Baltimore 

Washington  — 
New  Orleans... 
Louisville  ...... 

Cincinnati...... 

Cleveland 

Chicago  ....... 

Detroit 

Milwaukee .... 

Saint  Louis 

San  Francisco.. 

Totals... 


Number 
of  banks. 


64 

536 

3 

50 

10 

35 

8 

10 

3 

11 

5 

27 

7 

4 

11 

12 


Capital. 


51,  654, 

91, 

2,  040, 

785, 

1, 104, 

4  OS, 

"1, 

180, 

686, 

77, 

8,  604, 

161, 

160, 

205, 

2,  030, 


796  i      74,440,599 


Deposits. 


980,  391 
364, 207 
85,  767 
097, 791 
278,  514 
942,  802 
338,  716 
1,082 
709,  290 
869,  514 
599, 202 
916.  243 
095,  923 
352,  465 
246,  285 
863,  554 


109, 741, 746 


Invested  in 

United  States 

bonds. 


$871,  395 
7,  840,  422 


77,738 

54, 712 

177, 107 

326, 634 


20.1,858 
14, 210 
235,787 
5,750 
3,812 
45,825 
152,  956 


in,  016,  206 


The  total  number  of  private  bankers  in  the  foregoing  cities  is  796, 
with  an  aggregate  capital  of  $74,440,590,  and  aggregate  deposits  of 
$109,741,740;  the  average  capital  being  $93,518,  and  the  average  de- 
posits $137,867.  About  68  per  cent,  of  these  private  banks  are  located 
in  New  York  City,  representing  more  than  two-thirds  of  the  aggregate 
capital  and  over  one-half  of  the  aggregate  deposits.  In  the  city  of  New 
York  the  average  amount  of  capital  is  $96,370  and  deposits  $105,157 
for  each  private  banker ;  and  the  bankers  in  that  city  also  held  $7,846,422 
of  United  States  bonds,  or  nearly  one-half  of  the  amount  of  such  bonds 
held  by  all  of  the  private  bankers  of  the  coontry. 


EEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


159 


The  following  table  gives  similar  infoi'Diatioii  for  the  thirty-three  States 
and  Territories,  exclusive  of  the  cities  in  the  above  table,  having  an 
amount  of  cajiital  in  excess  of  $100,000.  In  tliis  table  the  number  of 
private  bankers  is  2,5iJ0;  the  aggregate  amount  of  capital,  $39,287,623, 
and  of  deposits  $181,970,004:,  the  average  capital  being  $15,529,  and  the 
average  dei)osits  $71,925. 


States  and  Territories. 


P«'nn8ylvania.. 

Ohio 

Iowa 

Illinois 

lodiana 

Texaa 

New  York 

Kansas 

Michifran 

Missouri 

Minnesota 

Nebraska 

Oregon 

"Wisconsin 

Kentucky 

Colorado 

Alabama 

Montana 

Georgia 

Connecticut  ... 
WashinjTton  . .. 
Rhode  Island . . 

Virginia 

Dakota 

Mississippi 

California 

Utah 

Nevada 

Wyoming 

South  Carolina 

Arkansas 

Loui^iuna 

Florida , 

Totals... 


No.  of 
banks. 


203 

221 

315 

297 

118 

12H 

162 

164 

149 

89 

109 

126 

17 

85 

25 

48 

23 

15 

30 

16 

15 

8 

19 

61 

10 

25 

9 

7 

5 

8 

16 

3 


2,530 


Capital. 


$4,  295.  918 

4,  2!l4.  085 

4, 1X6,  (551 

3,  735, 378 

3,  28(>,  507 

2,  708,  364 

1,  753,  420 

1,  633.  919 

1,  407,  597 

1,  -JOS,  396 

902,068 

931,  .366 

863,  367 

780, 952 

662,  368 

629,  039 

576. 175 

570, 858 

561.  667 

477, 158 

41. H,  657 

412,496 

410.  590 

392,  789 

37'2.  .537 

351!,  006 

278,  404 

21. '■..445 

193.  428 

189.  577 

176,  076 

132,  286 

131,  521 


Deposits. 


124,  780, 177 

23,  709,  057 
10,  703,  267 

24,  328,  452 
14,  069,  359 

7,  224.  006 
15, 1.52,  9.'9 

5,  046,  452 

6,  930,  293 
6,  901,  7.56 
4,486,316 

3,  040,  989 
2,  370,  G81 

4,  317,  0C.6 
2,  779,  621 
2,  409, 192 
1,792,076 
1,  434,  947 

951,615 
2,018,460 

1,  008,  857 
5.'>3,  489 

2,  378, 429 
810,  324 

1, 017, 893 

1,  309, 12S 

1, 2.59,  082 

779,  0.56 

772,  078 

63,  432 

529,  125 

80,  235 

834, 965 


39, 287, 623 


181,  970,  664 


Invested  in 
U.  S.  bonds. 


$227,  954 

784,  737 

321.310 

634,  8-J5 

700.  965 

11,175 

493,  976 

435,  .531 

147,  207 

218,  696 

18,413 

38,  237 

265,  250 

69,816 

21,083 

1,500 

500 


6,000 
7,571 
2,500 
52,983 
40,000 


36, 907 


47,755 
100,  000 


62,941 


4,  753, 852 


The  remaining  thirteen  States  and  Ten'itories,  not  enumerated  in 
the  above  table,  contain  05  ])rivate  bankers,  Avith  an  aggregate  capital 
of  $527,670,  and  aggregate  deposits  of  $3,909,750.  Massachusetts  has 
only  three  private  bankers,  outside  the  city  of  lioston,  with  an  aggre- 
gate cai)ital  of  $64,107,  ami  aggregate  deposits  of  8618,206.  Maryhand 
has  but  two  private  bankers  outside  of  the  city  of  Baltimore.  The 
State  of  IVIaine  has  ten  private  bankers,  North  Carolina  but  four,  New 
Hampshire  two,  New  Jersey  four,  Delaware  and  Vermont  only  one  each, 
and  Arizona  eleven.  The  average  amount  of  caT)ital  hehl  by  each  of 
these  65  private  bankers  is  $8,511,  and  of  deposits  $63,060. 

The  f(»llowing  table  shows,  b}'^  geographical  divisions,  the  number  of 
private  bankers  in  tlM"i  United  States,  with  the  aggregate  amount  of 
their  capital,  deposits,  and  investments  in  United  States  bonds,  for  the 
six  months  ending  May  31,  1882 : 


Gcogriiphical  divisions. 


No.  of 
banks. 


Capital. 


Deposits. 


Iiivesti'd  in 

United  Sui68 

bonds. 


New  England  Stales 

Miildlo  Sl,;iles 

Sr>ni  hern  States 

Western  .Stales  and  TeiTitories 

United  States 


104 

1,014 

203 

1,080 


$7, 130,106 

02,  193,765 

0,  309.  701 

38,  552,  2.30 


♦9,417,712 
113,079,792 

19,981.042 
153, 143,  614 


$981.  371 

0,204,610 

227,  131 

4, 457.  627 


3,391   114,255,892 


205,622,160  1   14,870,745 


160 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 


The  table  below  is  a  recapitulation  of  the  foregoing,  showing  by  groups 
the  aggregates  for  the  bankers  in  the  sixteen  j)rincipal  cities,  in  the 
thirty-three  States  and  Territories  having  a  private  banking  cnpital  in 
excess  of  $100,000,  and  in  the  thirteen  remaining  States  and  Territories, 
for  the  last  year : 


KECAPITULATION. 


principal  cities - 

Principal  States  and  Territories  . 
Remaining  States  and  Territories 

United  States 


No.  of 
banks. 


796 

2,530 

65 


3,391 


Capital. 


$74, 440, 599 

39,  287,  623 

527, 670 


Deposits. 


$109,741,740 

181,970,664 

3,  909,  750 


Invested  in 

United  States 

bonds. 


114, 255, 892 


295,  622, 160 


$10,  016,  206 

4, 753, 852 

100,  687 


14,  870,  745 


SECURITY  FOR  CIRCULATINa  NOTES. 

During  previous  years  there  have  been  many  changes  in  the  classes 
of  United  States  bonds  held  by  the  national  banks  as  security  for  their 
circulation,  owing  to  the  payment  or  refunding  or  extension  of  the  dif- 
ferent issues  of  five  and  six  per  cent,  bonds  bearing  interest  at  four  and 
one-half,  four,  three  and  one-half,  and  three  per  cent.  During  the  pres- 
ent year  259  millions  of  three  and  one-half  per  cent,  bonds,  held  by 
the  banks,  which  were  extended  from  five  or  six  per  cent,  bonds  in  the 
year  1881,  have  been  changed  into  three  per  cent,  bonds.  The  amount 
of  Unitea  States  bonds  held  by  the  Treasurer  as  security  for  the  circu- 
lating notes  of  the  national  banks  on  the  first  day  of  November,  1882, 
is  exhibited  in  the  following  table : 


Class  of  bonds. 


Authorizing  act. 


Eate  of 
interest. 


Amount. 


Funded  loan  of  1881  (5's,  interest  ceased) 

Funded  loan  of  1891 

Funded  loan  of  1907 

Loan  of  July  and  August  continued 

Loan  of  18G3  continued  (Si's) 

Funded  loan  of  1 881  continued 

Funded  loan  of  July  12, 1882 

Paciflo  Railway  bouds 


Total. 


July  14,  1870,  and  January  20, 1871. 
.do, 


Fcr  cent. 


.do 

July  17  and  August  5, 1861 

Maich  3,  1863 

July  14,  1870,  and  January  20,  1871. 

July  12,  1882 

Julyl,  1862,  and  July  2, 1864 


$15,  000 

33,  754,  650 

104,  927,  500 

749,  500 

1,  351,  700 

38,  505, 750 

179,  675, 550 

3,  526,  000 


362,  505,  650 


During  the  year  1871,  and  previous  thereto,  a  large  portion  of  the 
bonds  bore  interest  at  the  rate  of  six  per  cent.,  and  until  the  year  1877 
all  of  the  bonds  bore  interest  at  either  five  or  six  per  cent.  The  five 
or  six  per  cent,  bonds,  in  the  year  1881,  entirely  disappeared  from  the 
list  of  these  securities,  with  the  exception  of  three  and  a  half  million 
of  Pacific  sixes. 

At  the  present  time  more  than  eleven  per  cent,  of  the  amount,  pledged 
for  circulation,  consists  of  bonds  bearing  interest  at  three  and  a  half  per 
cent,  only,  and  nearly  fifty  per  cent,  of  them  bear  interest  at  three  per 
cent.,  and  the  remainder,  with  the  exception  of  three  and  one-half 
millions  of  Pacifies,  bear  interest  at  the  rate  of  four  and  four  and  a 
half  per  cent. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     161 
COUNTERFEIT  AND  UNSIGNED  NATIONAL-BANK  NOTES. 

Section  5  of  the  act  of  June  30,  1S7G,  provides — 

That  all  United  States  officers,  charged  -witli  the  receipt  or  disbarsement  of  public 
moneys,  and  all  officers  of  national  banks,  shall  stamp  or  write  in  plain  letters  the  word 
"counterfeit,"  "altered"  or  "worthless,"  upon  all  fraudulent  notes  issued  in  the  form 
of,  and  intended  to  circulate  as  money,  wliich  shall  be  presented  at  their  place  of 
business,  and  if  such  officers  shall  wrongfully  stamp  any  genuine  note  of  t)ie  United 
States,  or  of  the  national  banks,  thoy  shall,  upon  presentation,  redeem  such  notes  at 
the  face  value  thereof. 

This  section  makes  it  the  duty,  not  only  of  every  officer  of  the  United 
States  chargred  with  the  receipt  or  disbursement  of  public  moneys,  but 
also  of  all  officers  of  the  national  banks,  to  stamp  every  fraudulent  note 
which  shall  be  presented  at  their  counters,  in  such  a  manner  as  shall 
thereafter  prevent  its  circulation. 

There  is  no  doubt  that  there  has  been  great  iiof^^lect  on  the  part  of 
national  bank  officers  to  comply  with  this  law.  The  number  of  coun- 
terfeit national  bank  notes  which  have  been  issued  is.  very  small  iu  pro- 
portion to  the  number  issued  previous  to  the  establishment  of  the  na- 
tional banking  sj'stera,  but  the  number  in  circulation  has  largely 
increased  during  the  last  few  years,  probably  owing  to  the  fact  that  the 
bank  notes  which  are  presented  at  the  counters  of  the  banks,  and  which 
are  known  to  be  fraudulent,  are  not  immediately  stamped  "counterfeit," 
"altered,"  or  "worthless,"  as  required  by  law.  If  a  genuine  note  is 
WTongfully  stamped,  the  officer  thus  stamping  it  can  immediately  ob- 
tain a  genuine  note  in  exchange  by  forwarding  the  same  to  the  Treas- 
urer for  redemption,  so  that  there  is  no  risk  whatever  on  the  part  of 
the  officers  of  national  banks,  even  if  they  should  wrongfully  stamp  a 
genuine  note. 

Section  5172  of  the  Eevised  Statutes  provides  that  national  bank 
notes  shall  express  upon  their  face  the  promise  of  the  association  issu- 
ing the  same  to  pay  on  demand,  attested  by  the  signatures  of  the  presi- 
dent or  vice-president  and  cashier,  and  section  5182  of  the  Eevised 
Statutes  provides,  that  after  any  association  receiving  circulating  notes 
has  caused  its  promise  to  pay  such  notes  on  demand  to  be  signed  by  the 
president  or  vice-president  and  cashier  thereof,  in  such  manner  as  to 
make  them  obligatory  promissory  notes,  payable  on  demand  at  its  place 
of  business,  such  association  may  issue  and  circulate  the  same  as  money. 

There  can  be  no  doubt  as  to  the  meaning  and  intention  of  these  sec- 
tions. The  law  requires  that  national  bank  notes  shall  be  signed  by  the 
president  or  vice-])resident  and  cashier,  before  they  are  placed  in  circu- 
lation, and  every  bank  issuing  notes,  not  thus  signed  by  these  officers, 
subjects  itself  to  a  forfeiture  of  its  charter.  Notwithstanding  this  plain 
provision  of  law,  various  banks  have  issued  their  notes  with  printed 
signatures,  and  in  some  cases  with  litliograi)hic  signatures,  which  are  so 
badly  executed  as  to  excite  suspicion  as  to  the  genuineness  of  the  notes. 
The  written  signature  of  the  officers  of  the  bank  are  necessary  as  an 
additional  precaution  against  counterfeiting.  The  signature  of  at  least 
one  bank  officer  is  necessary  as  a  check  between  this  ofiice  and  the 
issuing  bank,  for  if  the  question  of  an  overissue  of  notes  should  arise, 
the  signature  of  sucli  officer  would,  without  question,  determine  tba 
genuineness  of  the  note. 

A  bill  is  now  pending  in  Congress,  imposing  a  fine  of  twenty  dollar* 
for  every  circulating  note  issued  by  any  national  bank  Mitiiout  the 
written  signature  thereon  of  at  least  one  of  its  officers. 

National  bank  notes,  Avith  new  designs,  are  now  being  rapidlv  issued 
11  Ab 


162 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 


to  banks  whose  corporate  existence  hns  been  extended,  and  to  other 
rational  baidcs  whicli  arc  bein^'  organized,  and  it  is  important  that 
these  new  notes  shonkl  not  be  issued  unless  si,i;ned  l^y  the  officers  in 
accordance  with  law.  The  Comptroller  respectl'ully  rejjeats  his  pre- 
vious recommendations  for  the  x>assage  of  the  act  referred  to,  which 
act  should  also  impose  a  i)enalty  upon  an^-  engraver  or  lithographer 
who  shall  print  the  signature  of  bank  officers  upon  such  notes. 

TAXATION. 

In  previous  reports  the  repeal  of  the  law  imposing  a  tax  upon  bank 
capital  and  deposits,  and  of  the  two-cent  stamp  tax  on  checks,  has  been 
recommended  as  a  measureof  justice  to  the  banks,  and  as  a  benefit  to  the 
people,  and  to  the  manufacturing  aiid  commercial  interests  of  the  coun- 
try. During  the  last  session  of  Congress  a  bill  including  a  provision 
for  repealing  these  taxes  was  passed  by  the  House  by  a  vote  of  127  to  79. 
The  debate  in  the  Senate,  as  well  as  some  votes  on  preliminary  ques- 
tions, showed  that  if  a  vote  u\Hm  the  bill  had  been  reached  it  would 
have  become  a  law.  The  force  of  the  reasons  heretofore  urged  for  the 
repeal  of  these  taxes  is  as  great  as  ever.  The  revenue  still  continues  in 
excess  of  the  amount  required  for  the  expenses  of  the  government,  in- 
cluding interest  on  the  public  debt  which  is  being  rai>idly  reduced  5  and 
the  taxes  imposed  upon  banking  capital  by  the  government,  State,  and 
municipal  authorities  are  larger  than  during  any  i)revious  year.  The 
Comptroller  presents,  herewith,  a  table  which  gives,  for  the  year  1881, 
the  amount  of  the  banking  capital  invested  in  national  banks,  and  the 
amount  and  rates  of  United  States  and  State  taxes  paid  by  the  national 
banks  in  every  State  and  i)riucipal  city  in  the  Union. 


states  and  Territories. 


!Jraine 

New  Kampsliire. 

Vermont 

Massachusetts  .. 

Boston 

Hhode  Island 

Connecticut 


Now  England  States. 


New  Torlv 

New  York  City  . . 

Albany 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Pliiladelpliia 

Pittsburj;.!! 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Baltinioro 

District  of  Columbia  . 

AVasliiuiitou 


Middle  States 


Virginia ^. 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia ^ 

Florida 


Capital. 


$10,  394,  806 
5,  835, 442 
8,  073, 115 
45, 340,  820 
50,  862, 191 
19,  008,  874 
25,  539,  720 


Amount  of  taxes. 


United 

States. 


$129,324 
73,  493 
92,  045 
601,953 
883,  716 
216,  910 
325,  760 


166,014,908   2,323,201 


State. 


$226,  648 
98,  848 
125,796 
856.  031 
903, 444 
280,  812 
419,701 


2,  911,  280 


Total. 


$355,  972 
172,  341 
217,  841 
1,  457,  984 
1, 787, 160 
497,  722 
745,  461 


Eatios  to  capital. 


United 
States. 


Perct. 
1.2 
1.3 
1.1 
1.3 
1.7 
1.1 
1.3 


State. 


Total. 


Per  ct 
2.2 
1.7 
1.6 
1.9 
1.8 
1.4 
1.6 


5,  234,  481 


1.4 


33,  037,  003 
51,  045,  869 

1,  800, 000 
12,  913,  077 
29,  305, 142 
17,  358,  000 

9,  850,  000 
1,74.3,985 

2,  396,  849 
11, 136,  997 

252,  000 
1, 125,  000 


605, 458 
1,  697,  C03 

(i2,  851 
239,  020 
518,798 
442,  913 
176,312 
.31,  820 

43,  351 

167,  350 

5, 100 

18, 193 


573,  679 

■  1, 757,  982 

49,  058 

229,  874 

186,981 

129,  308 

78,  838 

2,866 

36,  256 

175,  3.56 

255 

4,261 


171,963,922  1    4,008,169  1     3,224,774 


2,  978, 995 

1,  750, 470 

2,  501,  000 
1,871,679 
2, 250,  946 

100,  COO 


66, 749 
26,  262 
35, 142 
31,  748 
33,  744 
2f  535 


59,  540 
32,  560 
34,  039 
44,  607 
38, 838 
1,035 


1, 179, 137 

3, 454,  985 

111.909 

468,  894 

705,  779 

572,  281 

2.55,150 

34,  686 

79,  607 

342, 706 

5,  355 

22,  454 


1.8 

3.3 

3.5 

1.9 

1.8 

2.6 

1.8 

1.8 

1.8  I 

1.5  ] 

2.0  I 

1.6 : 


7, 232,  043 


126, 289 
58.  822 
69, 181 
76,  355 
72,  582 
3,570 


2.2 
1.5 
1.4 
1.7 
1.5 
2.5 


Per  ct. 

3.4 
3.0 
2.7 
3.2 
3.5 
2.5 
2.9 


1.8 


1.8 
3.5 
2.7 
1.9 
0.6 
0.7 
0.8 
0.2 
1.5 
1.6 
0.1 
0.4 


2.0 
1.8 
1.4 
2.4 
1.8 
2.1 


3.6 

6.8 
6.2 
3.8 
2.4 
3.3 
2.6 
2.0 
3.3 
3.1 
2.1 
2.0 


4.2 
3.3 
2.8 
4.1 
3.3 
4.6 


*  The  capifa  J  pf  the  bunks  that  reported  St-ate,  county,  and  municipal  taxes  on  stock  and  i-eal  estate 
is  $456,579,431. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


163 


AlaV)ama 

New  Orleans 
Texas 
Arkansas 
Kentucky 

Louisville 
Touuessee 


Southern  States 


Obio 

Cincinnati 

Cleveland 

Indiana 

Illinois 

•  Chiiago 

Micliijian  

Detroit 

Wisronsin 

Milwaukee 

Iowa 

Minnesota 

Missouri 

Saint  Louis    . . 

Kansas 

Nebraska 

Colorado 

Nevada  

California 

San  Francisco. 

Oregon 

Dakota 

Idaho 

Montana 

New  Mexico 

Utah 

"Washington 

Wyoming 


■Western  States  and 
Territories 


United  States  . 


li),  ir.8,781 
5,  732,  633 

3,  700,  000 
13,  025,  842 
10,914,614 

4,  2r)0,  000 
7,  348,  556 
2,114.208 
2,419,721 

650,  000 

5,  999,  ()45 
5,  062,  546 

'],5:H,  l!-'4 

2,  725,  000 

925,  000 

■  880,924 

1,  185,  702 

62,  500 

1,780,788 

1,  ,500,  000 

250,  000 

554,  909 

100, 000 

225,  815 

400,  000 

200,  000 

200,  000 

205,  831 


334,242 
131,  973 

57,  583 
222, 220 
234, 657 
252, 349 
126,613 

52,  468 

56,  3ns 
29,  794 

]2:(,  009 
95,716 

31,  150 
68,  120 
20,  967 
32,911 

57,  329 
992 

32,  289 
18,  661 
10,985 
10,  999 

1,940 
8,  590 
8,  149 
5,  573 
.  3,  151 
4,179 


2,  033, 013 


8, 902,  592 


361, 143 

104,151 

57,  816 

265, 197 

196,  960 

109,  763 

131,511 

37,  889 

46,  777 

15,604 

114,  650 

87,  298  I 

31,822 

70,245 

24,208  i 

22,2:19  ; 

29, 139 

1, 050 

11,  264 

103 

4,250 

16,013 

3,047 

5. 470 

5,070 

3,600 

2,070 

3,090 


695, 385 

236,  124 

115,399 

487,417 

431,  617 

362, 112 

258, 124 

90,  357 

103,115 

45, 398 

237,719 

183,  014 

62,  978 

138,  365 

45, 175 

55, 150 

86,  468 

2,042 

43,  553 

18, 764 

15, 235 

27,  012 

4,987 

14,  060 

13,219 

9,173 

5,221 

7,269 


1.7 
2.3 
1.6 
1.7 
2.1 
5.9 
1.7 
2.5 
2.3 
4.6 
2.1 
1.9 
2.0 
2.5 
2.3 
3.7 
4.8 
1.6 
L8 
1.2 
4.4 
2.0 
1.9 
3.8 
2.0 
2.8 
L6 
2.1 


1, 761, 439  I  3,  794, 452 


2.2 


L9 

L9 

1.6 

2.0 

1. 

2.6 

L8 

L8 

2.0 

2.4 

2.0 

1.8 

2.3 

2.7 

2.8 

2.5 

2.9 

L7 

0.6 

0.1 

1.7 

3.1 

3.0 

2.7 

1.3 

1.8 

L4 

2.1 


L9 


3.6 
4.2 
3.2 
3.7 
3.9 

as 

3.5 
4.3 
4.3 
7.0 
4.1 
3.7 
4.3 
5.2 
5.1 
6.2 
7.7 
3.3 
2.4 
L3 
6.1 
5.1 
4.9 
6.5 
3.3 
4.6 
3.0 
4.2 


4.1 


8,286,488  ,  17,189,080 


1.9 


1.8 


3.7 


Similar  tables  for  the  years  18G7  and  I860,  and  for  the  years  187i  to 
1880,  inclusive,  may  be  found  in  tlie  Appendix. 

The  following  condensed  table  sbows  for  the  years  1879, 1880,  and  1881 
the  amount  of  these  taxes  paid  by  banks  located  in  each  geographical 
division  of  the  country : 


1879. 


Geographical  divisions. 


Capital. 


New  England  States $165,  032,  512 

MiddleStates j  170,431,205 

Sout horn  States 30,  5.55,  018 

Western  States  and  Terr's.     90,949,709 


Amount  of  taxes. 


United 
States. 


$1,  942, 209 

3, 190. 113 

425, 997 

1,  457, 812 


State. 


Total. 


$2,  .532,  004 

2, 930,  269 

383,  927 

1, 751, 032 


$4, 474, 213 

6, 126, 382 

809, 924 

3, 208, 844 


Katios  to  capital. 


United 
States. 


1.2 
1.9 
1.4 
1.6 


State. 


1.5 
1.7 
1.3 
2.0 


United  States I  456, 908,  504 


7, 016, 131 


7, 003, 232 


14, 619,  303 


1.5 


1.7 


Total. 


2.7 
3.6 
2.7 
3.6 


3.2 


164 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 


1880. 


Capital. 

Amount  of  taxes. 

Ratios  of  capital. 

Geographical  divisiona. 

United 
States. 

State. 

Total. 

United 
States. 

State. 

Total. 

New  EnRland  States 

Middle  Stat<-8 

Southern  St.Ttcs 

"Western  States  and  Terr's. 

.■flCo.  080,  2.-)0 
170,  781,  946 
30,  829, 178 
89,  975, 165 

$2, 190,  921 

3,  697,  245 

479,  613 

1,750,324 

.$2,  886,  916 

2,  927,  948 

403,  092 

1,  658,  866 

15,  077,  837 

6. 625, 193 

882,  705 

3, 409, 190 

1.3 
2.2 
1.6 
1.9 

1.8 
1.8 
L4 
2.0 

3.1 
4.0 
3.0 
,3.9 

United  States 

457,  266,  545 

8,  lie,  103 

7,  876,  822 

15,  994,  925 

1.8 

1.  8  j          3.  0 

1881. 


New  England  States 

Middle  States 

$166,  014,  968 

171,  963. 922 

31,  258, 422 

93, 104,  289 

$2,  323,  201 

4,  008, 169 

538,  209 

2,  033,  013 

$2,  911,  280 
3  '''^4  774 

$5, 234,  481 

1    O-iD    O^'l 

1.4 
2.3 
1.7 
2.2 

1.8 
1.9 
1.3 
1.9 

3.2 
4  "^ 

'388,' 995  1     ''927,' 204 
1,761,439  1     3,794,452 

'i  0 

Western  States  and  Terr's. 

4.1 

United  States 

462, 341,  601 

8,  902,  592 

8,  286, 488 

17, 189,  080 

1.9 

1.8 

3.7 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  per  centage  of  State  taxation  during  the  year 
1881  varies  from  1.3  per  cent,  in  the  Southern  States  to  1.9  per  cent,  in 
the  Middle  and  Western  States,  and  that  the  average  percentage 
throughout  the  United  States  remains  the  same  as  it  was  during  the 
year  1880,  but  has  increased  one-tenth  of  one  per  cent,  as  compared  with 
that  paid  during  the  year  1879.  The  total  of  United  States  and  State 
taxes  paid  by  national  banks  to  capital  is  3.7  per  cent,  duriug  the  year 
1881,  having  increased  one-tenth  of  one  per  cent,  over  those  paid  in 
1880,  and  one-half  of  one  per  cent,  over  those  paid  duriug  the  year  1879. 

The  rates  of  United  States  taxation  are  the  same  in  all  sections  of 
the  country.  The  inequality  in  the  percentages  of  United  States  taxes 
to  capital  arises  from  the  fact  that  whilfe  the  United  States  tax  is  im- 
posed on  the  three  items  of  capital,  deposits,  and  circulation,  the  per- 
centages given  in  the  tables  are  those  of  the  total  tax  derived  from 
these  three  sources  to  capital  only.  Where  the  deposits  are  large 
in  proportion  to  capital,  the  proportion  of  the  United  States  tax,  as 
measured  by  capital,  appears  greater.  The  first  table  given  below 
shows  the  percentages  to  capital  of  taxation  paid  by  the  banks  in  the 
principal  cities  of  the  country.  Particular  attention  is  called  to  the 
inequality  in  State  taxation  shown  by  it.  The  second  table  gives  the 
States  in  which  the  taxes,  United  States  and  State,  are  most  excessive. 


Cities. 


1879. 


United 

States. 


State. 


TotaL 


1880. 


United 
States. 


State. 


Total. 


1881. 


IS^.    St-t-     Total. 


Boston 

New  York... 

Albany 

Philadelphia 
Pittsburgh.. 
Baltimore . . . 
Washington. 
New  Orleans 
Louisville  — 
Cincinnati... 
Cleveland  . . . 

Chicago 

Detroit 

Milwaukee.., 
Saint  Louis.. 
Saint  Paul... 


Perct 
L3 
2.6 
2.9 
2.1 
L4 
1.2 
1.4 
1.7 
1.5 
1.9 
1.3 
3.4 
1.8 
2.8 
1.8 
1.5 


Per  ct. 
1.3 
2.9 
2.5 
0.7 
0.6 
1.3 
0.4 
0.5 
0.6 
2.4 
2.0 
2.4 
2.2 
2.5 
2.1 
1.5 


Per  ct. 
2.6 
5.5 
5.4 
2.8 
2.0 
2.5 
1.8 
2.2 
2.1 
4.3 
3.3 
5.8 
4.0 
5.3 
3.9 
3.0 


Per  ct. 
1.6 
3.1 
3.1 
2.4 
•  1.7 
1.4 
1.5 
2.0 
1.7 
2.3 
1.4 
4.8 
2.2 
4.0 
2.4 
L7 


Per  ct. 
1.9 
2.9 
3.2 
0.7 
0.7 
1.5 
0.4 
0.2 
0.6 
2.3 
1.6 
2.5 
1.7 
3.0 
2.5 
1.8 


Per  c 
3. 


Perct 
1.7 
3.3 
3.5 
2.6 
1.8 
1.5 
1.6 
2.4 
1.7 
2.3 
1.6 
5.9 
2.5 
4.6 
2.5 
L4 


Peret. 

1.8 
3.5 
2.7 
0.7 
0.8 
1.6 
0.4 
0.3 
0.8 
1.9 
1.6 
2,6 
1.8 
2.4 
2.7 
2.1 


Per 


ct 
3.5 
6.8 
6.2 
3.3 
2.6 
3.1 
2.0 
2.7 
2.5 
4.2 
3.2 
8.5 
4.3 
7.0 
5.2 
3.5 


REPORT  OP  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


165 


1879. 

18S0. 

1881. 

States. 

United 
States. 

State. 

TotaL 

United 
States. 

State. 

TotaL 

United 
States. 

State. 

Total. 

New  York ...........i..... 

Per  ct. 
1.5 
1.5 
1.4 
1.4 
1.5 
1.C 
2.1 
2.6 
1.2 
1.7 

Perct 
2.0 
1.8 
2.0 
2.1 
1.8 
1.8 
2.7 
2.6 
2.0 
1.8 

Peret 
3.5 
3.3 
3.4 
3.5 
3.3 
3.4 
4.8 
5.2 
3.2 
3.5 

Peret 
1.7 
1.7 
1.6 
1.6 
1.9 
2.0 
2.3 
3.3 
1.4 

Perct, 
1  9 

Per  ct. 
a  fi 

Per  ct. 
1.8 
1.9 
1.7 
1.7 
2.1 

Per  ct. 
1.8 
1.9 
1.9 
2.0 

1    R 

Perct. 
3  6 

1.  9          3.  6 
1. 9          3.  5 
2.2          3.8 
1.  8          3. 7 

1.  9          3.  9 

2.  2           4.  5 
2.  5  !        5. 8 
■>  .■>          .^  9 

3.8 

Ohio 

3.6 

Indiana 

3.7 

lUinoia 

3.9 

Wisconsin 

2. 3           2.  0 

4.3 

2.3 
3.7 
1.7 
2.0 

2.8 
2.5 
2.4 
2.1 

5.1 

6.2 

4.1 

1.9             2.7   1          4  B 

4.1 

The  uniforni  rates  of  United  States  taxes  are  annually  one  per  cent, 
upon  their  notes  in  circulation;  one-half  of  one  per  cent,  upon  their  de- 
posits, and  the  same  rate  upon  the  average  amount  of  their  capital,  in 
excess  of  that  invested  by  them  in  United  States  bonds.  These  taxes 
are  paid  semi-annually  by  the  national  banks  to  the  Treasurer  of  the 
United  States,  and  subject  the  government  to  no  expense  for  their  col- 
lection. 

The  whole  cost  of  the  national  banking  system  to  the  government, 
from  the  date  of  its  establishment  in  1863,  has  been  $5,306,908;  on  the 
other  hand,  the  government  has,  in  about  twenty  years,  collected  taxes 
upon  the  capital,  circulation,  and  deposits  of  national  banks  at  the  rates 
heretofore  specified,  amounting,  as  may  be  seen  by  the  following  table, 
to  $118,005,706.25 : 


Years. 


On  circulation.      On  deposits. 


On  capital. 


TotaL 


1864. 
1865. 
186G. 
1867. 
1808. 
lsC9. 
1870. 
1871. 
1872. 
1873. 
1874. 
1875. 
1876. 
1877. 
1878. 
1879. 
1880. 
1881. 
1882. 


$53, 
733, 
2, 106, 
2,  8C8, 
'-',  946, 
2,  957, 
2,949, 

2,  987, 
3, 193, 

3,  353, 
3,  404, 
3,  283, 
3,  091, 
2,  901), 

2,  948. 

3,  009, 
3,153, 
3,  121, 
3, 190, 


193  32 
247  59 
785  30 
636  78 
343  07 
416  73 
744  13 
021  69 
570  03 
186  13 
483  11 
450  89 
795  70 
957  53 
047  08 
047  16 
G35  63 
374  33 
981  98 


$95, 

1,  087, 

2,  633, 
2,  650, 
2,564, 
2,  614, 

2,  614, 
2, 802, 
3. 120, 
3, 190, 
3, 209, 

3,  514, 
3,  505, 
3,451, 
3,  273, 

3,  309, 

4,  058, 

4,  940, 

5,  521, 


911  87  ' 
530  86  ' 
102  77  I 
180  09  I 
143  44  i 
553  58  ; 
767  61  I 
840  85 
984  37 
569  29  { 
967  72  ■ 
265  39 
129  04 
965  38  • 
111  74 
608  90 
710  61 
945  12  ' 
927  47 


$18,  432  07 
133,251  15 
400,  947  74 
321,881  36 
306,  781  67 
312,  918  68 
375,  962  26 
385,292  13 
389,  356  27 
454,691  51 
4G9, 048  02 
507,  417  76 
632.  296  16 
660,  784  90 
.100,  296  83 
401,920  61 
379,424  19 
431,233  10 
437, 774  90 


$167, 
1,954, 
5, 146, 
5,840, 
5, 817, 
6,884, 
5,940, 
6. 175, 
6, 703, 
7, 004, 
7,083, 
7, 305, 
7, 229. 
7,013, 
6,781, 

6,  721, 

7,  591, 
8. 493, 
9, 150. 


537  26 
029  60 
835  81 
698  23 
268  18 
888  99 
474  00 
154  67 
910  67 
646  93 
498  85 
13i  04 
221  66 
707  81 
455  65 
236  67 
770  43 
552  55 
684  35 


Aggregates ]    52,  253,  518  24  j    58,106,276  70        7,585,91131       118,005,706  25 


The  tax  imposed  upon  banks  other  than  national  is  collected  by  the 
Commissioner  of  Internal  Revenue.  The  rates  upon  capital  and  de- 
posits are  the  same  as  in  the  ca.se  of  the  national  bank.s.  A  tax  of 
ten  per  cent,  is  imposed,  under  section  3411'  of  the  Ilevised  Statutes, 
on  the  use,  in  i)ayments,  of  notes  issued  by  any  banks  other  than 
national.  This  tax  has  the  viYcct  of  preventing  the  issue  of  circulating 
notes  by  State  banks.  The  table  below  gives  the  taxes  collected  annually 
by  the  Commissioner  of  Internal  Keveuue  during  the  years  from  1864  to 


166 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


1883,  inclusive,  showing?  the  wliole  amount  paid  dnring  that  period  by 
banks,  other  than  national,  to  have  been  $00,793,030. 


Tears. 

On  circulation. 

On  deposits. 

On  capital. 

Totals. 

1864 

$2,  0,50,  996  30 

1,  993,  601  84 

990,278  11 

214,  298  75 

28,  609  88 

10,  505  05 

15,419  94 

22,  781  92 

8,919  82 

24,  778  62 

16, 738  20 

22,  746  27 

17,  947  67 

5,430  10 

1, 118  72 

13,  903  29 

28,  773  37 

4,  295  08 

4,  285  77 

$780,  723  52 
2,043,841  08 
2,  099,  635  83 

1,  355,  395  98 
1, 438,  512  77 
1,734,417  03 
2, 177,  570  40 

2,  702, 190  84 

3,  043,  2.51  71 
3,  009,  302  79 

3,  4.53,  544  26 
2,  972, 260  27 
2,  999,  530  75 
2,  896,  037  93 
2,  593,  687  29 
2,  354,  911  74 
2,  510,  775  43 
2,  946,  906  64 

4,  096, 102  45 

$2,  837,  719  82 
4, 940,  870  90 
3,403  988  05 

1805 

$903,  307  98 
374,074  11 
470,  807  73 
399,  502  90 
44.5,  071  49 
827,087  21 
919,  202  77 
976,  0.57  01 
730,  9.50  05 
910,878  15 

1,102,241  .58 
989,219  61 
927,  001  24 
897,  225  84 
830,  008  56 
811, 430  48 
811,000  35 

1,153,070  25 

1806 

1807 

2  040  .562  40 

1808 

1,  806,  745  55 

1869 

2,190,054  17 

1870 

3,  020,  083  01 
3,  044,  241  53 

1871 

1872 

4,028,229  14 

1873 

3,771,031  40 

1874 

3,  387, 100  07 

1875 

4,097.248  12 

1876 

4,  000,  098  03 

1877 

3,  829,  729  33 

1878 

3,  492,  031  85 

1879 

3, 198,  883  59 

3,  350,  985  28 

1881 

3,  702,  208  07 

1882 

5,  253,  458  47 

5, 487,  608  82 

46,809,211  37 

14,  497, 109  91 

00, 793,  930  10 

The  following-  table  exhibits  the  taxes,  both  national  and  State,  paid 
by  the  national  banks  during  each  of  the  sixteen  years  preceding  1882, 
and  the  i)roportion  of  such  taxes  to  capital. 


Years. 

Capital  stock. 

• 

Amount  of  taxes. 

Eatio  of  tax  to  capital. 

United  States. 

State. 

Total. 

United 
States. 

State. 

Total. 

1866 

1867 

1868 

1869 

1870 

1871 

1872 

1873 

1874 

1875 

1876 

1877 

1878 

1879 

1880 

1881 

.     $410,  593, 435 
422,  804,  606 
420, 143, 401 
419,619,860 
429,  314,  041 
451,  994, 133 
472,  956,  9.58 
488,  778,  418 
493,  751,  079 
503,  087,  911 
501,  788,  079 
485,  250,  094 
471,  064,  238 
450,  908,  504 
457,  200,  545 
402,  341,  001 

$7, 949,  451 
9,  525,  607 
9,  465,  052 
10,  081,  244 
10, 190,  682 
10,  649,  895 

6,  703,  910 

7,  004,  040 
7,  256,  083 
7,  317,  531 
7,  076,  087 
6,  902,  573 

6,  727,  232 

7,  016, 131 
8, 118, 103 

8,  902,  592 

$8,  009,  938 
8,  813, 127 
8,  757,  050 
7,  297,  090 
7,  40.5,  075 

7,  860,  078 

8.  343,  772 

8.  499,  748 

9,  620,  320 
10,058,122 

9,  701,  732 
8,  829,  304 
8,  050,  533 
7,  003,  232 

7,  870,  822 

8,  280,  488 

$16,019,389 
18,  338,  734 
18,  223,  308 
17,  378,  340 

17,  656,  357 

18,  509,  973 
15,  047,  082 

15,  504,  394 

16,  876,  409 

17,  375,  6.53 
16,777,819 
15,731,877 
14,  783,  765 

14,  619,  363 

15,  994,  925 
17, 189,  080 

Perct. 
1.9 
2.2 

2.2 
2.4 
2.4 
2.4 
1.4 
1.4 
1.5 
1.5 
1.4 
1.4 
1.4 
1.5 
1.8 
1.9 

Per  ct. 
2.0 
2.1 
2.1 
1.7 
1.7 
1.7 
1.8 
1.8 
2.0 
2.0 
2.0 
1.9 
1.7 
1.7 
1.8 
1.8 

Per  ct. 
3.9 
4.3 
4.3 
4.1 
4.1 
4.1 
3.2 
3.2 
3.5 
3.5 
3.4 
3.3 
3.1 
3.2 
3.0 
3.7 

This  table  shows  that  the  percentages  to  capital  of  taxes  have  never 
been  less  than  three  per  cent,  annually,  and  that  during  the  last  four 
years  given  there  has  been  an  increase  in  the  rate  from  3.1  per  cent,  to 
3.7  per  cent.  It  is  probable  that  the  rates  of  State  taxation  ])aid  by 
banks,  other  than  national,  do  not  vary  much  from  the  rate  of  those 
l^aid  by  the  national  banks,  although  in  many  of  the  States,  the  laws 
relative  to  the  assessment  of  taxes  upon  bank  capital  have,  heretofore, 
somewhat  discriminated  against  national  banks.  The  repeal  of  the  law 
imposing  the  government  taxes  will  still  leave  the  banks  subject  to  a 
burden  of  taxation  by  the  difterent  States  mnch  greater  than  that  im- 
posed by  them  upon  any  other  kind  of  capital,  and  this  repeal  is  again 
urgently  recommended.  The  reduction  of  the  annual  rate  of  the  tax 
on  circulation  to  one-half  of  one  per  cent,  is  also  recommended  for  reasons 
given  in  another  i)ortion  of  this  rex)ort. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     167 
DECISIONS  RELATIVE  TO  STATE  TAXATION  OF  NATIONAL  BANK  SHARES. 

In  the  last  annual  report  of  the  Comptroller  of  the  Currency  refer- 
ence was  made  to  the  decision  of  the  United  States  circuit  court  of  the 
northern  district  of  the  State  of  Xew  York,  in  the  case  of  the  National 
Albany  Exchange  Bank  vs.  Charles  A.  Hills  et  «?.,  supervisors  of  Albany 
County,  is"ew  York,  namely,  that  the  law  of  the  State  of  Xew  York  under 
which  taxes  had  been  assessed  for  fourteen  years  upon  bank  sliares  was 
void  and  invalid,  for  the  reason  that  this  act  did  not  permit  the  owners  of 
national  bank  shares  to  reduce  the  assessment  by  the  amount  of  their 
debts,  while  owners  of  oth(^r  moneyed  capital  possessed  that  privileo^e. 
The  circuit  court  rendered  a  judgment  in  favor  of  Stanley,  the  as- 
signee and  representative  of  the  stockholders  of  the  National  Albany 
Exchange  Bank,  for  taxes  previously  exacted  and  paid.  Tlie  supervis- 
ors appealed  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States.  The  decision 
of  the  latter  court  was  rendered  April  3, 1S82,  and  reversed  the  decision 
of  the  circuit  court  in  the  case  of  all  except  one  of  the  stockholders 
represented  by  Stanley. 

The  court  said: 

The  question  liere  to  be  decided  arises  under  two  statutes  of  the  State  of  New  York 
in  regard  to  taxation.  The  lirst  of  these  is  the  act  of  ld.")0,  relating  to  the  assessment 
and  collection  of  taxes  in  the  city  of  Albany.  The  sixth  section  of  the  act  requires 
the  board  of  assessors  to  prepare  an  assessment  roll,  in  ■which  there  shall  b«  set  oppo- 
site the  name  of  each  tax-payer  (1)  all  his  real  csrate  liable  to  taxation,  and  its  value; 
(2)  the  full  value  of  all  his  personal  property,  alter  deducting  the  Just  debts  owing  by 
him.  Section  1)  of  the  act  is  as  follows:  "If  anj'  person  shall  at  any  time  before  the 
assessors  shall  have  completed  their  assessments  make  affidavit  that  the  value  of  his 
real  estate  does  not  exceed  a  certain  sum,  to  be  specitied  in  such  affidavit,  or  that  the 
value  of  the  personal  estate  owned  by  him,  after  deducting  his  just  debts  and  his 
property  invested  in  the  stock  of  any  corporation  or  association  liable  to  be  taxed 
therefor,  does  not  exceed  a  certain  sum,  to  be  specified  in  the  affidavit,  it  shall  be  the 
tluty  of  the  boai<l  of  assessors  to  value  such  real  or  personal  estate,  or  both,  as  the 
case  may  be,  at  the  8um  specified  in  such  affidavit,  and  no  more." 

In  13(30  the  .State  enacted  a  law  concerning  the  taxation  of  bank  shares,  which  was 
evidently  inteiule<l  to  meet  the  requirements  of  the  act  of  Congress  in  relation  to 
State  taxation  of  the  shares  of  national  lianks,  and  the  ])rovisiou  of  this  statute 
relates  only  to  taxing  stockholders  in  banks,  and  to  the  capital  invested  in  individual 
banks.  The  first  section  of  this  act  reads  as  follows,  and  it  contains  no  other  i»ro- 
visions  fen-  deductions  as  the  basis  of  taxation,  exce])t  what  is  found  in  this  section  : 

"No  tax  shall  hereafter  be  assessed  upon  the  capital  of  any  bank  or  banking  associa- 
tion organized  under  the  authority  of  this  State  or  of  the  United  States,  but  the 
stockholders  in  such  lianks  :ind  banking  associations  shall  be  assessed  and  taxed  ou 
the  value  of  their  shares  of  stock  therein,"  &c. 

In  the  ease  of  People  v.  Didan  {'.Mj  N.  Y.,  50)  the  question  was  whether,  taking  tlie 
two  statutes  together,  an  owner  of  sliares  of  stock  was  entitled  to  deduct  from  the 
assessed  value  of  his  shares  the  just  debts  due  him.  *  *  *  The  court  of  .apjieals 
decided  that  no  such  deduction  sh<mld  be  made  under  the  law  of  ltO»!.  In  the  eas-o 
of  Williams  V  Weaver,  Williams  had  made  the  affidavit  re(]uired  by  section  1)  of  f  ho 
act  of  1"^50,  and  demanded  a  deduction  of  the  assessors,  which  they  refused.  The 
case  was  taken  to  the  court  of  apj)eals,  which  reallhiiied  the  j)rinciplivs  held  in 
the  case  of  Peojile  /'.  ]J(dan.  The  Williams  case  ctmiing  to  tlie  United  Slates  Siijiremo 
Court  by  writ  of  error,  it  was  held  that  while  we  are  bound  to  accejit  the  decision  of 
the  highest  court  of  the  State  in  construction  of  its  oAvn  statute,  the  act  of  18(5(5  as 
thus  construed  was  in  that  particular  in  conllict  with  the  act  of  Congress,  because  it 
did  tax  shares  of  the  nationtil  hanks  at  a  higher  rate  than  other  moneyed  ca]iital  in 
the  State.  *  *  »  Acceptiiiij;.  therefore,  as  we  must,  theaetof  l.-^Cit"),  aseon>frued  by  the 
court  of  appeals  of  New  York,  as  not  authori/ing  any  deduct  ion  for  debts  by  a  share- 
holder of  a  national  Ijank,  is  it  till-  that  reason  ahsoluiely  void  /  •  ♦  »  li  would 
seem  that  if  the  act  remains  a  valid  rule  of  assessment  for  shares  of  State  banks  and 
for  individual  bankers,  it  should  al.so  remain  the  rulefor  shareholders  of  national  banks 
who  have  no  debts  to  deduct.     »     •     » 

None  of  the  stockholders  except  Williams  made  the  allidavit  required 
by  the  act  of  1850,  showing  they  had  debts  to  deduct,  and  therefore  in 


168  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

their  c;irc  the  judgmejit  of  the  circuit  court  was  reversed,  and  iu  that  of 
Williams  aflirnied. 

This  (hicisioii  scouis  to  cut  off  all  remedy  for  taxes  already  i)aid  by 
stockholders  of  Albany  national  banks  who  nef;lected  to  make  the  alii- 
davit  required  uiuler  the  act  of  1850. 

In  People  v.  AVeaver  the  Su])reme  Court  pointed  out  that  the  method 
to  pursue  in  cases  where  the  taxation  by  State  authority  of  shares  of 
national  banks  was  greater  than  that  of  other  monied  capital  in  the 
same  State,  was  by  enjoining  the  collection  of  the  excessive  taxa- 
tion. In  the  case  of  National  Albany  Exchange  Bank  v.  Hills,  the 
bank  brought,  on  behalf  of  its  stockholders,  a  suit  to  enjoin  the  collec- 
tion for  taxes  assessed  but  unpaid  for  the  year  1879,  and  the  circuit 
court  of  the  northern  district  of  Xew  York  granted  a  perpetual  injunc- 
tion. The  Supreme  Court  decided  that  the  injunction  was  properly 
granted  as  to  one  stockholder,  who  made  affidavit  and  demand  on  ac- 
count of  deduction  of  his  debts,  but  not  as  to  the  others,  who  had  made 
no  such  afi&davit  or  demand,  but  in  the  case  of  the  latter  the  lower  court 
was  directed  to  x)erniit  them  to  bring  their  action  in  an  amended  form, 
on  the  ground  that  they  refrained  from  making  affidavit  and  demand, 
because  they  knew  it  would  have  no  efiect. 

In  the  case  of  German  ojTatioual  Bank  of  Chicago  v.  Kimball,  appealed 
to  the  United  States  Supreme  Court  from  circuit  court  for  the  north- 
ern district  of  Illinois,  it  was  decided  that  no  one  can  be  permitted  to 
go  into  a  court  of  equity  to  enjoin  the  collection  of  a  tax,  until  he  has 
shown  himself  entitled  to  the  aid  of  the  court  b^'  paying  so  much  of  the 
tax  assessed  against  him  as  it  can  be  plainly  seen  he  ought  to  pay,  nor 
should  he  be  i)ermitted,  because  his  tax  is  in  excess  of  what  is  just  and 
lawful,  to  screen  himself  from  paying  any  tax  at  all,  until  the  precise 
amount  which  he  ought  to  pay^  is  ascertained  by  a  court  of  equity. 

In  the  case  of  Evansville  ^National  Bank  v.  Brit  ton,  referred  to 
last  year,  as  decided  in  the  United  States  circuit  court  for  the  district 
of  Indiana,  the  Supreme  Court  affirms  the  decree  of  the  lower  court, 
perpetually  enjoining  the  collector  as  to  those  shareholders  who  at  the 
time  of  the  assessment  proved  that  they  owed  debts  which  should  right- 
fully be  deducted,  and  dismissing  the  bill  as  to  other  shareholders. 

All  of  these  decisions  appear  to  have  grown  out  of  matters  pending 
when  the  decision  of  the  United  States  Supreme  Court  in  the  case  of 
People  V.  Weaver  was  rendered.  It  is  probable  that  in  most  States  the 
legislatures  will  so  modify  their  laws  taxing  bank  shares  as  hereafter 
to  conform  vdth  the  principles  laid  down  in  that  decision;  but  these 
supplementary  decisions  are  valuable  in  that  they  point  out  a  mode 
of  action  in  all  cases  where  discrimination  in  any  form  is  made  in 
assessing  or  collecting  taxes  on  national  bank  shares.  The  party  ag- 
grieved must  clearly-  state  the  amount  of  the  excessive  taxation,  pay 
what  is  justly  due,  and  enjoin  the  collection  of  the  remainder.  In  stat- 
ing the  amount  believed  to  be  unjustly  demanded,  strict  regard  must  be 
had  to  the  forms  required  by  the  State  laws  in  force  in  the  place  where 
the  bank  in  located.  While  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  is 
extremely  careful  not  unnecessarily  to  interfere  with  the  effect  of  State 
legislation  in  the  taxation  of  national  bank  shares,  it  upholds  the  rights 
of  individuals  under  Federal  laws  when  actions  based  on  equitable 
grounds  are  brought  in  a  proper  manner. 

In  Xew  York  City  it  is  claimed  that  under  the  act  now  in  force  in  the 
State,  taxing  national  and  other  bank  shares,  which  permits  the  deduc- 
tion of  debts,  there  is  still  great  discrimination  iu  the  valuation  of  bank 
shares  as  compared  with  the  valuation  of  other  personal  property  and 
real  estate. 


REPORT    OP   THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    TREASURY. 


169 


DIVIDENDS. 

From  the  serai-annual  returns  made  to  tliis  office  under  section  5212 
of  the  Eeviscd  Statutes  of  the  United  States,  the  following  table  has 
been  prepared,  showing  the  dividends  and  total  earnings,  and  the  ratio 
of  each  to  capital  and  combined  capital  and  surplus,  for  each  semi-annual 
period  from  September  1, 1SG9,  the  close  of  the  period  for  which  these 
reports  were  first  received,  to  September  1,  1882. 


Period  of 

six  nioutba, 

endiug— 


Sept  1, 1869 
Mar.  1, 1870 
Sept,  1, 1870 
Mar.  1, 1871 
Sept  1, 1871 
Mar.  1,1872 
Sept.  1, 1872 
Mar.  1, 1873 
Sept.  1,1873 
Mar.  1, 1874 
Sept.  1, 1874 
Mar.  1, 1875 
Sept  1, 1875 
Mar.  1, 1876 
Sept  1, 1876 
Mar.  1, 1877 
Sept  1, 1877 
Mar.  1, 1878 
Sept  1, 1878 
Mar.  1,1879 
Sept  1, 1879 
Mar.  1, 1880 
Sept  1, 1880 
Mar.  1, 1881 
Sept  1. 1881 
Mar.  1, 1882 
Sept  1, 1882 


No.  of 

banks. 


1,481 
1,571 
1,601 
1,605 
1,C93 
1,750 
1,852 
1,912 
1,955 
1,967 
1,971 
2,007 
2,047 
2,076 
2,081 
2,  080 
2,072 
2,074 
2,047 
2,043 
2,045 
2,046 
2,072 
2,087 
2,100 
2,137 
2,197 


Capital. 


$401, 
416, 
425, 
428, 
445, 
450, 
405, 
475, 
488, 
489, 
489, 
493, 
497, 
504, 
500. 
496, 
486, 
475, 
470, 
464, 
455, 
454, 
454, 
456, 
458, 
400, 
473, 


Suri)lus. 


Total  tlivi- 
dcnds. 


650,  802 
366,  991 
317, 104 
699, 165 
999,  2G4 
693,706  I 
676,0'i3  : 
918,683  ' 
100,951  ! 
510,323 
938,284 
568,831  ! 
864,833  i 
209,491  i 
482,271  I 

651,  580 
324,860 
609,751 
231,896 
413,996  ! 
132,056  ' 
080,090  i 
215,062 
844,  805  I 
934,485  I 
354,  485  ; 
947,715 


$82, 105,  848 
86, 118,  210 
91, 630,  620 
94,  672,  401 

98,  280,  591 

99,  431,  243 
105, 181,  942 
114,  257, 288 
118,113,848 
123, 469,  859 
128,  364,  039 
131,560,637 
134, 123,  649 
134, 467,  595 

132,  2,^)1,  078 
130,  872, 165 
124,  349, 254 
122,  373.  561 
118,  687, 134 
lie,  744, 135 
115, 149,  351 
117,226,501 
120,145,649 
122,481,788 
127,  238,  394 
131,291,8^9 

133,  570,  931 


?21, 767,  831 
21, 479,  095 

21,  080, 343 

22,  205, 150 
22  125  279 
22!  859|  826 

23,  827,  289 
24, 826,  061 
24, 823,  029 

23,  529,  998 

24,  929,  307 
24,  750,  816 
24, 317,  785 
24,  811,  581 
22,  563,  829 
31,  803,  969 
22, 117, 116 
18,  982,  390 
17,  959,  223 

17,  541,  054 
17, 401,  867 
18, 121,  273 

18,  290, 200 

18,  877,  517 
19, 499,  0<»4 

19,  91. '5,375 

20,  876,  553 


Total  net 
earnings. 


$29,  221, 184 

28,  996,  934 

26,  813, 885 
27. 243, 162 
27, 315,  311 

27,  502,  539 
30, 572,  891 
31,  926, 478 
33, 122,  000 

29,  544, 120 
30,036,811 
29, 136,  007 

28,  800,  217 

23,  097,  921 
20, 540,  231 
19,  592,  962 
15,  274,  028 
10,  9-16,  696 

13,  058,  893 

14,  678,  660 
I  16,873,200 

21, 152,  784 

24,  033,  2.50 
24,  452,  021 
29, 170,  816 
27,  083,  599 
26,  237,  035 


Divi      Dividends  Earnings 
aJZaJ'4-J  to  capital  .  to  capital 

canl^      *"'l'*"'-      "idsux. 
capital.        pj^^  pi^g 


Per  cent. 
5.42 
5.16 
4.96 
5.18 
4.90 
5.07 
.5.12 
5.  22 
5!  09 
4.81 
.5.09 
5.01 
4.88 
4.92 
4.50 
4.39 
4.54 
3.99 
3.81 
3.78 
3.82 
3.99 
4.03 
4.13 
4.25 
4.33 
4.40 


Percent. 
4.50 
4.27 
4.08 
4.24 
4.07 
4.16 
4.17 
4.21 
4.09 
3.84 
4.03 
3.96 
3.85 
3.88 
3.57 
3.47 
3.62 
3.17 
3.04 
3.02 
3.05 
3.17 
3.18 
3.26 
3.33 
3.37 
3.44 


Percent 
S.04 
5.77 
5.19 
5.21 
5.02 
5.00 
5.36 
5.41 
5.46 
4.82 
4.86 
4.66 
4.56 
3  62 
3.25 
3.12 
2.50 
2.83 
2.31 
2.53 
2.96 
3.70 
4.18 
4.22 
4.98 
4.5« 
4.32 


In  the  following  table  is  given,  by  geographical  divisions,  the  number 
of  national  banks,  with  their  capital,  which  paid  no  dividends  to  their  stock- 
holders during  the  two  semi-annual  periods  eudiug  starch  and  Septem- 
ber 1,  1882;  to  wliich  has  been  added  tlie  total  number  of  banks,  with 
their  caj^ital,  similarly  passing  dividends  during  the  semi-annual  periods 
of  each  of  the  four  preceding  years,  with  the  average  for  each  year  and 
the  average  for  the  whole  period  of  five  years. 


Gcograpbical  divisions. 


New  Encland  States 

Middle  Slaten ,. 

SoutiitTu  Slat«8 

Western  States  and  Territories. 


Totals  for  1882  . 
Totals  for  18t:i  . 
Totals  for  1880 . 
Totals  for  IhlO  . 
Totals  for  lt:78  . 


Average  for  cacb  year 


Six  months  ending — 


March  1,  1882. 


b'inks'      Capital. 


173 
175 
220 
309 
323 


8  $1,.'?50.000 
68  6,  763.  000 
18  '  1,640.000 
89        7,  43U,  500 


Scptomber  1,1862. 


Average   for    the 
year. 


b'l^ukl  i    Capitab    I  ^-^i  I    Capital. 


118 


$2, 206, 000 
8,  725, 000 
2, 337,  OOi) 

12,812,730 


11  $1,778,000 

60  !  7,744,000 

21  I  1,988,500 

104  10, 121, 615 


17, 183,  500 
20,321,530 
no,  407,  200 
.5:1,  843,  700 
48,  797, 900 


210 
171 
233 
299 
3.-.7 


20,  080,  730 
18,387,5.'.0 
20,  334, 150 
44,  576,  300 
58,  736,  950 


196  i 
173 
230 
304  I 
343  I 


21,632,115 
19,  354,  540 
28,  370,  675 
49, 210,  000 
63,  767, 425 


242  I  34,110,766 


256  I  34, 823, 136 


249 


34, 466,  951 


170 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 


The  pfrcHTitacTO  to  ca])ital  of  di vidoiuls  i)ai(l,  and  of  dividends  and  earn- 
in^t's,  respectively,  to  combined  cajiital  and  surplus,  is  shown  by  similar 
geogiapliical  divisions  for  the  years  1877  to  1882,  inclusive: 


18T7. 

1878. 

1879. 

Geographical 
divisiuus. 

Divi- 
dends to 
capital. 

,^'7'-    1  Earnings 

Divi- 
dcndsto 
cai)ital. 

Divi- 
dends to 
capital 
and  sur- 
plus. 

Earnings 
to  capital 
and  sur- 
plus. 

Divi- 
dends to 
capital. 

aE}a1',^  Earninea 

11^ 

New  England 

States 

Middle  St.ates.. 

SoUtluTll.Sliltl'S 

Wosleni  St.it ct 
and  Territo- 
ries  

Per  ct. 

7.6 
8.5 
8.3 

12.2 

Per  ct.      Per  ct. 

6.0  i            4.7 
C.6               5.4 

7.1  1            7.1 

9.  6              7. 2 

Per  ct. 

6.9 
7.9 
7.3 

9.6 

Per  ct. 

5.5 
6.1 
6.2 

7.8 

Per  ct. 

4.3 
4.9 
5.7 

6.9 

Per  ct. 

6.4 
7.9 
7.0 

9.4 

Perct. 

5.2 
6.1 
CO 

7.5 

Per  ct. 

4.2 
5.4 

7.1 

United  States. . 

8.9 

7.1              5.6  1         7.8 

6.2  ;             5.1 

7. 6  i          6. 1                5.  f 

1880. 

1881. 

1882. 

Geojirnpliical 
divisiou.s. 

Divi- 
Divi-      dends  to 
dends  to    capital 
capital,   and  sur- 
plus. 

Eaminffs 
to  capital 
and  .sur- 
plus. 

Divi- 
dends to 
capital. 

-iH^f^  Earnings 
denusto   .          .J*:, 
capital    io<^apifal 

Divi- 
dends to 
capital. 

Divi- 
dends  to 
capital 
anfl  sur- 
plus. 

Earnings 
to  capital 
and  sur- 
plus. 

New  England 
St.ites 

Middle  States. . 

SoutliernStates 

Western  States 
and  Territo- 

Per  ct. 

6.8 
8.4 
7.8 

9.5 

Per  ct. 

5.5 
6.5 
6.7 

7.6 

Perct. 

6.4 
8.6 
7.6 

9.3 

Per  ct. 

7.2 
8.5 
8.3 

10.4 

Per  ct. 

5.8 
6.4 
6.9 

R  1 

Per  ct. 

7.3 

9.4 

11.3 

^^  R 

Per  ct. 

7.1 
8.4 
8.2 

12.0 

Per  ct. 

5.7 
6.3 
6.7 

in  0 

Perct. 

6.8 
8.6 
10.3 

15.7 

•      1 

1        

United  States 

8. 0             6. 4              7. 9 

8. 4  j          6. 6  j            9.  2             8.  7  1          6.  8 

8.9 

In  the  appendix  may  be  found  tables  exhibiting  the  amount  of  divi- 
dends and  earnings  of  the  national  banks,  arranged  by  geographical 
divisions,  for  semi-annual  periods  from  September  1,  1873  ;  also  an  ab- 
stract of  rei)orts  of  di\idends  and  earnings  for  the  two  semi-annual 
periods  of  the  present  year,  and  a  table,  by  States  and  reserve  cities,  of 
the  ratios  to  capital  and  to  combined  capital  and  surplus  of  the  divi- 
dends and  earnings  from  March  1,  1877,  to  September  1,  1882. 

LOSSES. 


During  the  year  ending  September,  1882,  losses  in  their  business  on 
every  account,  including  losses  on  technical  bad  debts,  nnder  section 
5204  of  the  Revised  Statutes,  and  premiums  on  United  States  bonds, 
have  been  charged  oil"  l)y  the  national  banks,  amountingto  $11,321,912.93. 
Of  this  sum  S-l:,9<»3,15.3.22  was  charged  otf  during  the  six  months  end- 
ing March  1,  1882,  and  $6,361,757.71  dui'iug  the  six  mouths  ending  Sep- 
tember 1,  1882. 

The  following  table  shows  the  number  of  lianks  charging  off  these 
Josses  and  the  amount  charged  off  in  each  State  and  reserve  city  in  the 
United  States  for  the  semi-annual  periods  named  above. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


171 


States  and  Tcnituiics. 


March  1,  1882. 


X...  of 
baiiks. 


Losses. 


September  1,  1882. 


No.  of 
bauks. 


Losses. 


Aggregate. 


Maine 

Ni'W  ifnnipsiliire 

Vi'iinont 

ilaMsacliusutta 

Boston 

Rliode  Island 

Connectifut 

New  York 

New  York  City  . . 

Albany  

New  J  erse.v 

I'ennsvlv;iiii;i 

riiiladrlphiii 

ritt.sbui';h 

Belawaie 

Maryland 

lialtiniore 

District  of  Colunibia. 

Wasliitifrton 

Vir;^iula 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georjria 

yioiiila  

Alabama 

New  Orleans 

Texas 

Arkansas 

Kentucky 

Louisville 

Tennessee 

Ohio 

Cincinnati 

Cleveland 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Chicago 

Micliifian 

Detroit 

"Wisconsin  

Milwauki  c 

Iowa 

Minnesota 

Missouri 

SaiutLouis 

Kansas  

Nebraska 

Colorado 

Nevada  

California 

S;in  Francisco 

Oregon 

Dakota 

Montana 

Ni-w  Mexico 

A\'a»liin;;ton 

Wyoming 


34 

27 

20 

97 

36 

22 

47 

138 

40 

5 

47 

114 

25 

13 

8 

9 


$70.  0.34  73 

43,  309  91 

84,831  31 

355,  709  27 

269,  632  31 

130,931  ."iO 

179,671  07 

4n2,  230  69 

400,519  U.S 

21,401   38 

261,295  73 

309,020  24 

333,  833  66 

119, 205  00 

43,  566  00 

12,  939  37 

33,  047  05 


17,145  01 

34,345  71 

1,110  79 

23,  007  94 
79,  300  74 
18,201  00 

1,957  20 

43,  099  ('8 

23,811  21 

47,  7r>l  25 

9,515  90 

76,650  80 

37,  245  99 

40,  510  90 

2.56, 334  03 

13,474  68 

47,621  14 

106,422  07 

139, 146  49 

101.933  50 

72,  400  47 

50, 147  58 

28,  789  96 

1.5,217  22 

06,  200  20 

06,801  04 

54,  .526  74 

70,  940  63 

10,  6H4  84 

12,  041  81 

66,  312  91 

692  65 

28, 192  99 

10,439  04 

24,  355  CO 
33,  0.54  71 

3, 404  45 

4,  098  40 

5,  790  48 
097  55 


36 
22 
21 

101 
41 
30 
53 

132 

41 

5 

50 

111 


$100,  926  28 

79,  877  71 

90,  848  43 

370,  248  93 

285,  210  51 

76,  950  71 

152, 105  13 

439,013  51 

815,959  14 

84,  790  97 

205,  6H8  03 

255,080  14 

255, 253  93 

992,  381  21 

10. 176  70 

85,854  63 

104,116  35 

2,  200  00 

29,  490  93 
63,  688  53 

3, 171  75 

80.692  33 
44,  880  17 
32, 781  87 

5  00 

9,343  38 

129,  905  30 

58,  358  43 

3,716  42 

42,  721  40 

19,894  14 

30,  221  03 
311,295  37 

70,405  19 

0.5,  740  74 

108,  330  09 

149,  522  02 

03,521  05 

76,  930  40 

12, 191  .58 

42,  531  37 

695  09 

87,  750  70 

70,402  99 

.59,077  10 

75.693  70 
20,  613  70 
19,  945  50 

166,  565  84 

3S1  07 

10,  882  25 

5, 937  43 


22,  029  81 
2,289  97 
1, 018  G8 


434  16 


Totals  for  1882 1,199  4,963,1.55  22 

A'IdforlKSl I  1,210  i  .5,8X9,70119 

AddlorlWO I  1,300  7,.563,8HC04 

Ad<llorl879 1  1,421  '  10,23K,324  98 

Addforlh78 1  1,304  i  10,903,14504 


1,  2.52 
1,269 
1,.321 
1,442 
1,430 


0,  301, 7.57  71 
0,  801,  !)H8  .50 
7,142,519  90 
11,487.330  17 
13, 563,  054  85 


$177, 
123, 
17.\ 
720, 
554! 
2o7, 
331, 
921, 

1, 282, 
100, 
400, 
504, 
589, 

1,111, 

53, 

48, 

137, 

4C! 

98, 

4, 

104, 

124, 

50, 
1, 

53, 
1.53, 
100, 

13, 
119, 

70! 

507, 

83. 

113, 

214, 

2.^K, 

105, 

149, 

02, 

71, 

15, 

1.53, 

137, 

113, 

140, 

31, 

31, 

232, 

1, 

4.5, 

10, 

24, 

55, 


561  01 
247  62 
679  74 
018  20 
848  82 
882  27 
776  20 
244  20 
478  72 
192  35 
983  76 
100  38 
092  59 
586  81 
743  30 
794  00 
164  00 
200  09 
636  54 
034  24 
282  54 

300  27 
246  91 
983  47 
962  26 
042  46 
710  51 
109  68 
232  32 
372  20 
140  13 
738  53 
030  00 
879  87 

301  8S 
752  10 
609  11 
455  15 
330  87 
339  16 
321  33 
912  31 
956  96 
204  03 
603  84 
634  33 
298  00 
987  31 
h78  75 
073  72 
075  24 
376  47 
355  60 
084  52 
094  42 
117  08 
790  48 
131  71 


11,324,912  93 
12,091,349  75 
14, 700. 406  00 
21,72.5,055  15 
24,  406,  799  89 


Affuregate  I0.S8CS  for  five  j-cars ' 39,558,272  47  1 1  45,356,85125   84,915,123  72 


The  total  los.ses  cliarjjcd  oft'  in  each  of  tlio  five  preceding  years  are 
added  to  llii.s  table.  A  coii.sideiable  iiortion  of  the.se  tt'chiiieal  losse.s 
have  already  been  collected,  and  other  lar^e  ainonnt.s  Avill  nndonbtedly 
be  herealler  recovered.  Fall  tables  lor  the  six  preceding  years  may  bo 
louiid  ill  the  appeiulix. 


172 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 


The  following  table  gives  the  losses  for  the  last  five  years  of  the 
national  banks  located  in  each  geographical  division  of  the  United 
States.  The  number  of  banks  rej)orting  losses  and  the  total  losses  for 
live  vcars  are  also  shown  in  this  table. 


Six  months  eutl- 

New  England 

States. 

Middle  States. 

Southern 
States. 

"Western  Stales 
and  Tcnitories. 

United  States. 

No. 

Amouut. 

No. 

Amount. 

No. 

Amount. 

No. 

Amount.     No. 

Amount. 

March  1,1878 

September  1,  1878. 

327 
399 

$3, 344, 012 
4,  016, 814 

417 
449 

$4,  506, 813 
5,  502,  770 

124 
140 

$672,  032 
1,  225,  602 

436 

442 

.$2, 380, 288  :1, 304  $10, 903, 145 
2,  818, 469   1, 430   13,  563, 055 

Total,  1878 

7, 360, 826 

10,009,583  } 1,897,034 

1  .5.198.7.57  ; 

24, 466,  800 

March  1,1879 

September  1,  1879. 

379 

384 

3,  612, 128 
3,  388, 394 

459 
463 

3,  592,  950 

4,  360, 440 

125         ego,  646 
139     1,235,784 

458 
4.56 

2,336,600  ,1,421 
2,502,712   1,442 

10,  238,  324 
11,487,330 

Total,  1879 

7,000,522    

7,953,390  1 !  1,932,430 

4,839,312  1 

21, 725,  654 

March  1,  1880 

September  1,  1880. 

362  1  2, 236,  928  1  446 
326  j  1,  8G6,  058     440 

3,152,317     121  1      530,709 
2,817,870     124  |      787,046 

431     1,643,872  [1,360 
431     1,670,946  jl,321 

7,  563,  888 
7, 142,  520 

Total,  1880 

4,103,586  1 

5,970.187  j 1  1,317,815 

3,314,818    

14, 706, 400 

March  1,  1881 

September  1,  1881. 

285 
318 

1,584,675  1  412 
1,  707, 338  ,  428 

2,  548,  203 
2,  975, 110 

112 
119 

384,  607 
797,  233 

401     1,  372,  276  1,  210 
404  11,  321,  90S   1,269 

5,889,701 
6,  801, 589 

Total,  1881 

3,292,013  ; 

5,  523,  313 

1  1,181,840 

2,694,184  1 

12,  691,  350 

March  1,  1882 

September  1,  1882. 

289 
304 

1, 134,  840  ;  416 
1, 162, 174  1  415 

2, 100,  206 
3, 230,  Oil 

107 
122 

437,  781 
519,  380 

387     1,290,328  H,  199 
411  ;  1, 450, 193  ;1,  252 

4,  963, 155 
6,  361, 758 

Total,  1882 

2,297,014  [ 

5,  330,  217 

1      957,161 

1  2,740,521  1 

11,  324  913 

Total  for  five 
years 

24,053,961    

34,  786,  690 

7,  286,  880 

18, 787,  592 

84, 915, 123 

Of  the  losses  exhibited  by  the  foregoing  tables,  $2,025,502  was  on 
account  of  premiums  on  United  States  bonds  charged  off.  The  high 
premiums  upon  the  United  States  bonds  not  subject  to  redemption 
at  the  option  of  the  government,  compel  those  organizing  new  national 
banks  to  invest  a  portion  of  their  capital  in  a  premium  account.  As 
the  premium  may  entirely  disappear  at  the  maturity  of  the  bonds  it  has 
been  a  requirement  of  this  ofdce  that  a  portion  of  such  premium  account 
shall  be  charged  to  undivided  profits  each  half  year  before  the  declaration 
of  a  dividend  until  the  whole  account  shall  have  disappeared.  It  is,  of 
course,  possible  that  many  of  these  amounts  charged  off,  either  on  account 
of  premiums  or  on  account  of  technical  bad  debts,  may  eventually  be 
realized  by  the  bank.  The  bank  may  close  and  withdraw  and  sell  its 
bonds  while  they  yet  command  a  premium.  Debts,  though  technically 
bad  on  account  of  interest  remaining  due  and  unpaid  over  six  months, 
may  nevertheless  be  afterwards  paid.  These  recovered  losses  are 
included  in  the  profits  of  each  half  year.  Banks  holding  4  per  cent, 
bonds  have  been  instructed  to  charge  oif  each  year  one-twentieth  part 
of  the  premium  paid  thereon,  and  counted  as  an'^asset ;  those  holding  4.J 
per  cent,  bonds  have  been  instructed  to  similarly  charge  ofi"  one-tenth 
of  the  premium,  and  those  holding  Pacific  Eailroad  sixes  to  cliarge  off 
one-fifteenth.  The  charges  in  each  case  were  to  be  made  ])revio\is  to 
the  semi-annual  declaration  of  a  dividend,  and  at  no  time  is  the  amount 
of  premium  counted  as  an  asset  to  exceed  the  current  market  premium 
ou  the  bonds  held. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


173 


In  the  following  table  the  losses  charged  oil"  Ly  the  national  banks  in 
the  principal  cities  of  the  conntry  are  given  for  each  of  the  years  covered 
by  the  preceding  tables,  with  the  total  for  the  period. 


Cities. 


1878. 


1879. 


1880. 


1881. 


1882. 


Total. 


,147,319  98   $3,135,557  37   $2,054,381  52   $2,321,002  62   $1,282,478 


New  York. 


Boston 2,400,197  46  ;  2,6.55,390  58  I  1,110,831  72  1  701,  orA  73 

I'hila.lolphia...        501,076  30  i      491,558  30  I      399,943  74  400,249  16 

Pift«lnirj;h I      41!),  036  51         333,022  99         2.18,128  15  I  2.^.8,088  09 

Baltimoio |      308,  915  99  i      294,  .507  00  !      211,329  01;  09,179  76 

Kew  Oilcans...       338,406  90  |      272,889  87  1      118,080  38  i  74,920  25 
I                          I                          I                          I 


554,848 
589  092 
1,111,586 
137, 164 
153, 716 


72   $13, 

82  '    7, 
r>9  I     2, 
81 
00 
51 


940, 740  21 
512,  323  31 
448,  520  15 
379,802  55 
111,095  76 
958, 103  91 


SURPLUS. 


In  the  following  table  is  exhibited  the  gradual  accumulation  of  a  sur- 
plus fund  under  the  provisions  of  section  5199,  requiring  each  associa- 
tion, before  the  declaration  of  the  semi-annual  dividend,  to  carry  to  sur- 
plus one-tenth  of  its  net  profits  for  the  preceding  half  year,  until  such 
fund  shall  amount  to  20  j)er  cent,  of  its  capital. 


Dates. . 

• 

Amount. 

Semi-annual 
increase  or 
decrease. 

Dates. 

Amount. 

Semi-annual 
increase  or 
decrease. 

July4  1864 

$1,129,910 

8,663,311 

31,  303,  566 

43,  000,  371 

50,151,992 

59,  992,  875 

C;i,  232,  811 

70,  .586, 126 

75,840.119 

81,100,937 

82,218,576 

9U,  174,  281 

9],0.S9,  8:i4 

94, 705,  740 

98,  322,  204 

101,573,154 

105,181,943 

111,410,249 

116, 847, 455 

Increase. 

December  26,  1873.... 
June  26  1874       

$120  961,  268 
1261239,308 
130,485,641 
133, 169,  095 

133,  08.5,  422 
131,  897, 197 
131,390,605 
124,  714,  073 
121,568,4,55 
118, 178,  531 
116,200,864 
114,  321,  376 

115,429,032 
118, 102,  014 
121,  824,  629 
126,679,518 
129,  807,  494 
131,  079,  251 

Increase. 

$4, 113,  813 

5,  278,  040 

4, 246,  333 

2,  683, 454 

January  2,1865 

Jiilj-3, 1865  .., 

January  1,18C6 

July2, 1866 

$7,  533,  401 
22, 640,  255 
11,  090,  805 
7, 151,  621 
9,  840,  883 
3,  239,  936 
7,  2.5.3,  315 
5,  253,  On.i 

5,  329,  818 
1.  048,  639 
7,  955,  705 
1,  51.5,  553 
3,  015,  900 
3,616,464 
3,  2.50,  9.50 
3,  608, 789 

6,  228,  306 
5, 437,  206 

December  31,  1874... 
June  30, 1875 

December  17, 1875 

June  30, 1876 

January  7,  1867 

July],  1867 

83.673 
1, 188, 225 
506,  532 
6,  676,  592 
3, 145,  618 
3,  389,  924 
1,977,667 
1,  879,  488 

Increase. 

$1, 107,  656 
2  672  082 

January  6,  1868 

July  0  '1868 

December  22, 1876.... 
June  22, 1877 

Jan>iarv4,  1869 

June  12  18G9  

December  28, 1877 

Jnne  29, 1878 

January  22,  1870 

June  9,1870 

I  January  1,  1879 

'  June  14, 1879 

December  28,  1870  ... 
Juao  10,  1871 

Docombor  12, 1870 

Junnll,  1880 

December  16,  1871... 

June  10   1872     

December  31,  1    0... 
Juno  30,  1881......... 

December  31,  18  1... 
July  1,1882 

3  7''2  615 

December  27,  1872... 
June  13,  1873 

4,  8.54,  889 
3  187  976 

1  211  757 

Practically  the  law  requires  that  the  surplu.s  fund  of  each  bank  shall 
at  all  times  equal  an  amount  equal  to  one-tenth  of  its  total  net  earnings 
since  it  commenced  business.  Manj'  of  the  banks  accumulate  the  fund 
much  faster  than  this,  and  some  pass  dividends  for  the  purpose  of  doing 
so.  Some  do  not  stop  at  the  twenty  per  cent,  limit  named  in  section  5199, 
but  continue  to  increase  their  surplus  until  the  latter  is  often  greater 
than  the  capital  stock.  As  the  fund  is  very  rarelj'  dimini.shed  except 
for  such  extraordinary  losses  as  cannot  be  met  out  of  current  profits, 
it,  together  with  the  capital,  constitutes  the  working  fund  of  the  bank 
by  the  use  of  which  dividends  are  earnetl.  JJearing  this  in  mind,  it  will 
be  seen  that  the  returns  made  to  stockholders  of  national  banks  for 
their  investment  are  not  excessive. 

In  an  e.xcellent  pai)er  on  tlie  national  banks  of  the  United  States, 
read  before  the  banker's  Institute  of  Loiidcm,  I'ngland,  May  17,  1882, 
by  Mr.  liobert  W.  lianiett,  an  associate  of  the  Institute,  and  published 


174 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 


in  the  journal  of  the  Institute  for  July,  1882,  the  following  comment  is 
made : 

"Dividends  paid  by  the  banks  have,  on  the  whole,  been  satisfactory ; 
although,  taking  into  consideration  tlie  value  of  capital  in  the  United 
States  and  the  g(Mieral  rates  of  interest  ])revailing,  the  average  rate  of 
dividends  must  be  pronounced  moderate." 

UNITED    STATES    LEGAL -TENDETI    NOTES    AND    NATIONAL    BANK  CIR- 
CULATION. 

The  acts  of  February  25,  1862,  July  11,  1862,  and  March  3, 1863,  each 
authorized  the  issue  of  150  millions  of  dollars  of  legal-tender  notes,  mak- 
ing an  aggregate  of  450  millions  of  dollars. 

On  January  30,  1804,  the  amount  of  such  notes  outstanding  was 
$449,338,902,  which  was  the  highest  amount  outstanding  at  anj^  one 
time.  The  act  of  June  30,  1804,  provided  that  the  total  amount  of 
United  States  notes  issued,  or  to  be  issued,  should  not  exceed  400  mill- 
ions of  dollars,  and  such  additional  sum,  not  exceeding  50  millions,  as 
might  be  temporarily  required  for  the  redemj)tion  of  temporary  loans. 
By  the  act  of  June  20, 1874,  the  maximum  amount  was  fixed  at  382  mill- 
ions. Section  3,  act  of  January  14,  1875,  authorized  an  increase  of  the 
circulation  of  national  banks  in  accordance  with  existing  law,  without 
respect  to  the  limit  previously  existing,  and  required  the  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury  to  retire  legal-tender  notes  to  an  amount  equal  to  eighty 
l)er  cent,  of  the  national-bank  notes  thereafter  issued,  until  the  amount 
of  such  legal-tender  notes  outstanding  should  be  300  millions,  and  no 
more.  Under  the  operation  of  this  act,  $35,318,984  of  legal-tender  notes 
were  retired,  leaving  tbe  amount  in  circulation  on  May  31,  1878,  the 
date  of  the  repeal  of  the  act,  $340,081,016,  which  is  the  amount  now  out- 
standing. 

In  the  following  table  are  given  the  amount  and  kinds  of  the  outstand- 
ing currency  of  tlie  United  States  and  of  the  national  banks  on  Jan- 
uary 1  of  each  year,  from  1806  to  1882,  and  on  November  1,  1882,  to 
which  is  prefixed  the  amount  on  August  31,  1865,  when  the  public  debt 
reached  its  maximum. 


United  States  issues. 

Notes  of  na- 

Currency 
price  of 
$100  gold. 

Gold 

Date. 

Legal-tender 

Old 
demand' 

Fractional 

tional  blinks, 
in cl u d i n  g 
gold  notes. 

Aggregate. 

price  of 
$100  cur- 
rency. 

notes. 

notes. 

currency. 

AuR.  31,  1865  . 

$432,  553,  912 

$402,  965 

$26,  344,  742 

$176,213,955 

$63.5,515,574 

$144  25 

$69  32 

Jan.  1,1866  ... 

425,  839,  319 

392,  670 

26,  000,  420 

236,  636,  098 

.  688,  867,  907 

144  50 

69  20 

Jan.  1,1867  ... 

380,276,160 

221,  632 

28,  732,  812 

298,  .588,  41 9 

707,819.023 

133  00 

75  18 

Jan.  1,1868  ... 

350,  000,  000 

159, 127 

31,  597,  583 

299,  846,  206 

687,602,916 

133  25 

75  04 

Jan.  1,1869  ... 

356,  000,  000 

128.  098 

34,  215,  715 

299, 747,  569 

690,  091,  382 

135  00 

74  07 

Jan.  1,1870  ... 

350,  000,  000 

113,  098 

39,  762,  664 

299,  629,  322 

695,  505,  084 

120  00 

83  33 

Jan.  1,1871  ... 

3.'')6.  000,  000 

101,  086 

39,  995,  089 

306, 307,  672 

702,  403,  847 

110  75 

90  29 

Jan.  1,1872  ... 

3.^7,  500,  000 

92,  801 

40,  767,  877 

328, 405, 431 

726,  826, 109 

109  50 

91  32 

Jan.  1,1873  ... 

3.')8,  557,  n07 

84,  387 

45,  722,  061 

344,582,812 

748,  947, 167 

112  00 

89  28 

Jan.  1, 1874  . . . 

378, 401,  702 

79,  637 

48,  544, 792 

350,  848,  236 

777, 874. 367 

110  25 

90  70 

Jan.  1,1875  ... 

382,  000,  000 

72,  317 

46,  390,  598 

354,128,250 

782,  591,  165 

112  50 

88  89 

Jan.  1,1876  ... 

371,827.220 

69.  642 

44,147,072 

346, 479,  756 

762,  523,  690 

112  75 

88  69 

Jan.  1,1877  ... 

300,  055,  084 

65. 462 

26,  348,  206 

321,  59.5.  606 

714,  OM,  358 

107  CO 

93  46 

Jan.  1,1878  ... 

340,  943,  776 

63,  532 

17,  764, 109 

321,  672,  505 

689. 443, 922 

102  87 

97  21 

Jan.  1,1879  ... 

346,681,016 

62,  035 

16.  108,159 

3J3,791,674 

686,  642,  884 

100  00 

100  00 

Jan.  1,1880  ... 

346,681,016 

61,  3.50 

15,  674,  304 

342,  387,  336 

704,  804,  006 

100  00 

100  00 

Jan.  1,1881  ... 

346,081,016 

60, 745 

15,  523,  464 

344,  355,  203 

706,  620,  428 

100  00 

100  00 

Jan.  1,1882  ... 

346,681,016 

59,  92C 

15,  451,  861 

.302,421,988 

724,  614,  785 

100  00 

100  00 

Nov.l,  1882... 

346,  681,  016 

59,  380 

15, 402, 120 

302,  727,  747 

724,  870,  263 

100  00 

100  00 

REPOET  OF  Til?:  SECRETARY  OP  THE  TREASURY. 


175 


The  act  of  June  20,  IST-i,  i)rovi(lefl  tliat  any  national  hanking  asso- 
ciation might  witlidraw  its  ciicuhiting  notes  upon  the  deposit  of  hiwful 
money  with  the  Treasurer  of  the  United  States  in  sums  of  not  less  than 
$9,000.  Since  the  passage  of  this  act,  8ir)4,424,041  of  Lawful  money  have 
been  deposited  -with  tlie  Treasurer  by  the  national  banks  for  the  puri)Ose 
of  reducing- their  circulation,  aud  $120,150,640  of  bank  notes  have  been 
redeemed,  destroyed,  and  retired. 

In  the  following  table  is  shown,  by  States,  the  amount  of  circulation 
issued  and  retired  during  the  year  ending  November  1,  1882,  and  the 
total  amount  issued  aud  retired  since  June  20,  1874. 


states  and  Ten  itorics. 


ifaino 

New  lliimpshire 

Vermont 

Mas.sachiisetts 

Rhodt?  Island 

ConiHictieut 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvaiiia 

Delaware 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia. 

Virginia 

West  Viro:inia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

Florida 

Alabama. ._ 

Mississippi 

Louisiana 

Texas 

Arkansas 

Kentucky 

Teune.'^aee 

Missouri 

Ohio, 


Indiana .... 

Illinois 

Michigan . . 
Wisconsin  , 
Iowa. 


Minnesota 
Kansas  — 
Nebr.iska . 

Nevada 

Oregon 

Colorado . . 
Utah 


Circulation 
issued. 


$253.  400 
540,  000 

L'5i.  no 

1,  fxit),  200 
443,  120 
755,  380 

2,  792,  820 
209,  250 

2,  573,  080 

45,  000 

235,  750 


171,  200 
45,  000 


9,000 
85,  500 


2,900 

C7,  500 

87, 100 

259,  590 

38,  240 

657,  990 

288,  000 

260,710 

4,  270,  670 

9()3,  090 

1,048,050 

1,  Otil,  080 

423,  UOO 

979, 140 

202,  500 

240,  310 

620,  970 


Idaho 

Montana 

Wyoming 

New  Mexico . 

Dakota 

Washington  . 

California 

Arizona 


45,  000 
1C5,  600 
99,  000 


Circulation  retired. 


Act  of  June 
20, 1874. 


3,070 


334,  742 

2,  352,  033 

773,  659 

1,071,921 

3,711,140 

594, 128 

2, 617,  877 

20,  450 

55,  060 

19,  245 

67, 125 

53, 790 

125, 216 

91,  643 

57,.406 


74,  895 


23, 169 

27,  696 

18,818 

285,  630 

17,  .503 

216,  607 

no2, 3:4 

878, 361 

511,402 

440, 118 

140,  238 

100,  320 

138,  979 

69,  540 

99,  305 


Liquidating 
banks. 


$41,571 

39,  858 

123,  229 
2,638 
55,  220 
346,  618 
257, 168 
226, 740 


4,443 

15,  308 
44,280 
14,  901 
20,  855 


26,  019 


13, 176 

120 

11,540 

10,  728 

459 

41, 800 

39, 792 

121, 731 

434,  320 

362,  014 

192,  528 

129,119 

88,  495 

148,  357 

107,  558 

50,  334 

2,010 

165 


19,  959 
3,860 


Total. 


$104, 641 

39.  858 

401,624 

2, 475,  263 

776,  297 

1. 127. 141 

4,  057, 758 

851, 296 

2,844,617 

20,450 

59,  503 

34,  553 

111.405 

68,  691 

146,  071 

91,643 

83,425 


88,071 

120 

34.709 

38,  424 

19,  277 

327,  430 

57. 295 

.138,  338 

1,  336,  674 

1, 240. 375 

703,  930 

569, 237 

228,  733 

248,  677 

246,  537 

125, 874 

101,315 

165 


19. 050 
3,860 


Total 

Surrendered  to  this  ofBco  and  retired 


149,  000 
45,  000 
.54,  000 
243,  000 
lOH,  0(10 
32.  400 
30,  000 


26,  006 


22, 4&J,  250 


7.50 
42,  335 


29, 585 


16,  022,  .591 


3,  099,  380 


Total 

From  June  20, 1874,  to  Oefoher  31, 1881 

Surrendered  to  this  ollicu  between  same  dates . 


22,404,  2.50  i 
122, 727, 005  I 


16,022,501 
83,  438, 504 


3.  099, 380 
17,  596, 080 


55,651 


7.50 
42,  335 


19,121,971 
753, 0.58 


19, 875, 029 

101,  034. 074 

12,  20.-..  7.55 


Grandtotal I    145,192,155  1      99,461,185        20,095,460         133.116,358 


The  amount  of  circulation  issued  to  national  banks  for  the  year  end- 
ing Xovember  1,  1882,  was  $22,404,250,  inclndiug  !?(;,5()0,()S()  'issued  to 
banks  organized  during  the  year.     The  amount  retired  during  the  year 


176 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


was  $19,937,630,  and  the  actual  increase  for  tlie  same  period  was  there- 
fore $2,526,620,  makin/:?  the  total  on  November  1,  8361,940,358. 

During  the  year  en(linj]j  November  1, 1882,  lawful  money  to  the  amount 
of  $26,501,045  was  deposited  with  the  Treasurer  to  retire  circulation,  of 
which  amount  $7,805,754  was  deposited  by  banks  in  liquidation. 

The  amount  previously  deposited  under  the  act  of  June  20,  1874,  was 
$107,978,052 ;  by  banks  in  liquidation  $19,945,.j44,  to  which  is  to  be 
added  a  balance  of  $3,813,675  remaining  from  deposits  made  by  liquidat- 
ing banks  prior  to  the  passage  of  that  act.  Deducting  from  the  total 
the  amount  of  circulating  notes  redeemed  and  destroyed  without  re- 
issue ($120,156,646),  there  remained  in  the  hands  of  the  Treasurer,  on 
November  1,  1882,  $38,081,670  of  lawful  money  for  the  redemption  and 
retirement  of  bank  circulation. 

NATIONAL  BANK  AND  LEaAL-TENDER  NOTES  BY  DENOMINATIONS. 

CIRCULATING  NOTES  OF  THE  BANK    OF    FRANCE  AND  IMPERIAL  BANK  OF  GERMANY, 

BY  DENOMINATIONS. 

In  accordance  with  law,  no  national-bank  notes  of  a  less  denomina- 
tion than  five  dollars  have  been  issued  since  January  1,  1879,  when  the 
amount  outstanding  was  $7,718,747.  Since  that  date  the  amount  of 
ones  and  twos  issued  by  the  banks  has  been  reduced  $6,778,189,  and 
during  the  same  period  the  legal-tender  notes  of  these  denominations 
have  been  increased  $12,435,707. 

During  the  last  year  the  amount  of  national-bank  notes  of  these  de- 
nominations has  decreased  nearly'  one-half,  to  940,558,  the  amount  of 
the  decrease  being  $910,724.  The  total  increase  of  the  amount  of  ones 
and  twos  outstanding,  in  national-bank  and  legal-tender  notes,  is 
$5,657,518. 

The  following  table  shows,  by  denominations,  the  amount  of  national- 
bank  and  legal-tender  notes  outstanding  on  October  31,  1882,  and  the 
aggregate  amounts  of  both  kinds  of  notes  at  the  same  period  in  1880 
and  1881 : 


Denommations. 


Ones 

Twos 

Fives 

Tens 

Twenties 

Fifties 

One  hundreds  

Five  Im  mlreds 

One  thousands 

Five  thousands 

Ten  tliousands 

Add  fornniedcenied  fragments 

of  national-banknotes 

Deduct  for  lo;j:altender  notes 

destroyed  in  Chicago  fire 


Total . 


1882. 


National- 
bank  notes. 


$813,  800 

126,  758 

96,  920, 955 

122,  713,  260 

84,  001,  540 

23,  657, 100 

ol,  598,  SOO 

953,  500 

197,  000 


Legal-tender 
notes. 


$27,  255, 144 
25,  473, 197 
68, 344, 110 
72,  012,  211 
60,  716,  419 
24, 145,  545 
34,  237, 890 
14,  671, 000 
12,200,500 
2,  395,  000 
230,  000 


+18,  233 


—1,  000,  000 


361,  000,  946  i     346,  681,  016 


Aggregate. 


$28,  068,  944 

25,  599,  955 

165,  265,  065 

194, 72.5, 471 

150,  717,  950 

47,  802, 645 

65,  836,  690 

15.  624, 500 

12.  397, 500 

2,395,000 

230,  000 

+  18,233 

—1,  000, 000 


1881. 


Aggregate. 


$25,  793, 171 

24,  254,  366 

168,  380,  062 

196,717,671 

151, 922,  503 

46, 441, 775 

63.  WD,  370 

14,  949,  500 

12, 260,  500 

2, 430, 000 

260, 000 

+  16,586 

—1,  000,  000 


1880. 


Aggregat*. 


$24,  247,  362 

23,  036,  .=;78 

167.  042,  SOS 

189,  655,  58S 

147,  719,  837 

45,  777,  475 

.59.  958.  600 

16,  leh,  50il 

14,  C40.  .500 

56.5,  000 

320,  000 

+15, 129 

—1,  000,  000 


707,681,962  1     705,622,504;      688,744,407 


The  amount  of  one  and  two  dollar  notes  outstanding  is  but  one-fourth 
of  one  per  cent,  of  the  whole  circulation  of  the  banks;  the  fives  consti- 
tute 2G.0  per  cent.,  the  tens  34  per  cent.,  the  twenties  23.3  per  cent., 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


177 


while  the  fifties  and  larger  notes  are  only  15.G  per  cent,  of  the  entire 
circulation.  While  the  amount  of  ones  and  twos  of  the  national-bank 
circulation  is  steadily  diminishing,  the  legal-tender  notes  of  these  de- 
nominations are  as  steadily  increasing. 

Of  the  entire  amount  of  national-bank  and  legal-tender  notes  out- 
standing, about  7.5  ])er  cent,  consists  of  one  and  two  dollar  notes;  more 
than  30.8  per  cent,  of  ones,  twos,  and  lives;  more  than  58.3  per  cent,  is 
in  notes  of  a  less  denomination  than  twenty  dollais,  while  about  79.6 
per  cent,  is  in  notes  of  a  lower  denomination  than  iil'ty  dollar.^.  Of  the 
entire  issue  about  twenty  per  cent,  is  in  denominations  of  fifties,  one 
hundreds,  five  hundreds,  and  one  thousands.  There  are  also  outstand- 
ing 479  legal-tender  notes  of  the  denomination  of  five  thousand,  and 
23  notes  of  the  denomination  of  ten  thousand. 

The  following  table*  exhibits  by  denominations  the  circulation  of  the 
Imperial  Bank  of  Germany  on  January  1,  1882,  in  thalers  and  marks, 
which  are  here  converted  into  our  currency : 


Thalors. 

Marks. 

Number 
of  pieces. 

Denoruiua- 

tiODS. 

Value  of 
each  piece 
in  dollars. 

Anionnt  in 

dollars 
(Thaler= 
75  cent«.) 

Xiimborof 
pieces. 

Denomina- 
tions. 

Value  of 
c-vch  piece 
in  dollars. 

Amount  in 
dollars. 

(Mark =25 
cents.) 

81 
2,195 
1,  682i 
8,  621 

500  thalers. 
100  thalors. 

50  thalers. 

25  thalers. 

10  thalers. 

375  00 

75  00 

37  50 

18  75 

7  50 

30,  375 
164, 625 

63.  094 
101,  644 

66.  993 

207,  588 

195,  642 

4,  920,  300 

1,  000  marks. 
5li0  marks. 
100  marks. 

250           66,  897, 000 
125  1        24,  455,  250 
25  1       123, 007,  500 

8, 932J 



1 

21,512 

486,  731        5  383.  .S30 

214,  359,  750 

The  circulation  of  the  Imperial  Bank  of  Germany  on  January  1, 1881, 
was  $201,036,187,  showing  an  increase  during  tlie  following  year  of 
$13,323,563;  on  January  1, 1879,  the  circulation  was  $105,933,94:2,  show- 
ing an  increase  during  the  three  years  preceding  January  1,  1882,  of 
$48,425,808. 

The  following  tablet  gives  the  circulation  of  the  Bank  of  Franco  and 
its  branches,  with  the  number  of  pieces,  and  the  denominations  in  francs 
and  in  dollars,  on  January  26,  1882: 


■Nnmber  of  pieces. 

Denominations. 

Value  of  each  piece 
in  dollars. 

Amount  in  francs. 

Amount  in  dollars. 
(rranc=20  cents.) 

5 

1,305,028 

6p8,  400 

2,  823 

9,  626,  652 

3, 464,  329 

24,110 

233,  845 

182,  700 

1,217 

.">,  000  francs. 

1,  000  fninoH. 

.^OO  francs. 

200  francs. 

lOi)  francs. 

50  francs. 

25  francs. 

2(1  francs. 

5  francs. 

Forms  out  of  date. 

1,000 

200 

100 

40 

20 

10 

5 

4 

1 

25,  000 

1,  365,  028,  000 

314,  200. 000 

.'■<64,  600 

962,  665,  200 

173,216,450 

602,  750 

4,  676,  900 

913,  .'.10 

424,  2'.  6 

5,000 

273. 005.  600 

08.  840,  000 

irj,920 

192,  .533,  010 

34.  643,  290 

120,  5.-.0 

935.  380 

182,  700 

84,  8,'>5 

15,  589, 100 

1 

2. 852,  310, 675 

670, 403, 335 

1 

The  amountof  (jirculation  of  the  Bimlc  of  France  on  January  27, 1881, 
was  2,524,081,780  francs,  or  say  $504,810,356,  showing  an  increase  bo- 


12  Al> 


*  London  Banker's  Majjazine,  Augnst,  1882,  p.  623. 
\Jbid,,  Suptcmbcr,  p.  7'12.. 


178 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


twcen  that  time  and  January  26,  1882,  the  date  of  the  forefroing  table, 
of  328,23'1,895  francs,  or  $05,016,979,  and  since  January  30, 1879,  an  in- 
crease of  501,345,845  francs,  or  $112,209,169. 

It  will  bo  seen  that  the  Imperial  Bank  of  Germany  has  in  cii(nilation 
no  notes  of  a  less  denomination  than  seven  dollars  and  a  half  (ten 
thalers),  and  issues  none  of  less  than  twenty-five  dollars  (one  hundred 
marks);  and  that  the  Bank  of  France  issues  but  little  over  a  million 
and  a  quarter  of  a  less  denomination  than  ten  dollars.  The  Bank  of 
England  issues  no  notes  of  less  than  £5,  or  twenty-five  dollars,  and  the 
Irish  and  Scotch  banks  none  of  less  than  £1,  or  five  dollars. 


REDEMPTION. 

Since  the  passage  of  the  act  of  June  20,  1874,  section  3  of  which  re- 
quires the  banks  at  all  times  to  keep  on  deposit  in  the  Treasury  5  per 
centum  of  their  circulation  as  a  redemption  fund,  that  fund  as  a  rule 
has  been  maintained,  and  circulating  notes  of  the  banks  have  been 
promptly  redeemed  at  the  Treasury,  without  expense  to  the  government. 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  amount  of  national-bank  notes  re- 
ceived for  redemption  monthly  by  the  Comptroller  of  the  Currency  for 
the  year  ending  October  31, 1882,  and  the  amount  received  for  the  same 
period  at  the  redemption  agency  of  the  Treasury,  together  with  the 
total  amount  received  since  the  passage  of  the  act  of  June  20,  1874: 


Received  by  the  Comptroller. 

Months. 

From  national 
banks  for  re- 
issue or  sur- 
render. 

From  redemp- 
tion   afiency 
for  reissue. 

2^otes  of  na- 
tional banks 
in  liquida- 
tion. 

Under   act 
of  June  20, 
1874. 

Total. 

Received  at 
redemption 
agency. 

1881. 

November 

December 

1882. 

$20,  000 
31,  500 

18,010 
84,500 
84,610 
58, 400 

227, 450 
44,  G20 
93,  350 
95, 020 
24. 500 

100,  650 

$3,  572, 200 

3,  949,  GOO 

5,  003, 100 
5, 187, 200 
5,  567,  500 

4,  747,  800 

5,  862,  700 
7, 138,  200 
3,  967,  900 
4, 100, 400 
3,  340,  200 
5,  549,  400 

$201.03: 
55,433 

228,  603 
253,  553 
222,  584 
169,  751 
265,  364 
486, 820 
280  685 

$1,  089,  555 
754. 086 

1,  442, 970 
1,272,610 

1,  498, 148 
1, 045,  803 
1, 807,  888 

2,  065, 193 

OS.T   7fi9 

$4, 882, 846 
4,  790,  649 

6,  692,  6S3 

6,  797,  863 

7,  372,  842 
6,  021.  814 
8,163,402 
9,  734,  833 

$5.  034,  073 
6, 484, 104 

8  185  651 

Febniary 

6,345,210 
6,  671,  918 
7  248  503 

May   

9,  042,  611 
8,  980,  367 
7, 363,  382 
6  ''96  071 

June t.. 

July 

35l'  358       1,  ioi]  440  1      5,'  948^  218 
148,6.58       1,181,773  |      4,701,131 
210  745       1  575  185  i      7  435  980 

September 

October 

.5,  640,  717 
fi  Rr.«  ISO 

1            '       ' 

Total 

Received  from 
June  20, 1874,  to 
October  31, 1881. 

882,  610 
13,  074, 089 

67,  992,  200 
429,  748,  255 

2, 874,  675     16, 120, 473  j    77, 869,  958          84, 150, 789 
17,  695,  793     83,  605, 213  '  544, 123, 350  ,  1, 100,  523, 263 

Grand  total.. 

13,  956,  699 

487,  740,  455 

20,  570, 468     99, 725,  686  ;  621, 993,  308     1, 184, 674, 053 

j 

Trom  the  passage  of  the  act  of  June  20,  1874,  to  November  I, 
1882,  there  was  received  at  the  redemption  agency  of  the  Treasury 
$1,184,074,058  of  national-bank  currency  for  redemption.  During  the 
year  there  was  received  $84,150,789,  of  which  amount  $30,577,000,  or 
about  30.3  per  cent.,  was  received  from  banks  in  the  city  of  Now  York, 
and  $8,706,000,  or  about  10.4  per  cent.,  from  banks  in  the  city  of  Boston. 
The  amount  received  from  Philadelphia  was  80,412,000 ;  from  Chicago, 
$4,465,000;  Providence,  $1,532,(K)0 ;  Baltimore,  $1,102,000;  Cincinnati, 
$1,430,000;  Saint  Louis,  $1,201,000;  Pittsburgh,  $929,000.  The  amount 
of  notes  fit  for  circulation  returned  by  the  redemption  agency  to  the 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


170 


banks  of  issue  during  the  year  was  $4,017,100.  The  decrease  in  this 
class  of  notes  has  been  very  marked  in  the  past  five  years,  the  amount 
for  the  year  ending  October  31,  1878,  having  been  $151,083,200,  or  75.4: 
per  cent,  of  the  whole  amount  received,  and  for  the  year  only  4.7  per 
cent. 

The  total  amount  received  by  the  Comptroller  of  the  Currenoy  for 
destruction  from  the  agency  and  from  national  banks  direct  was 
$74,995,283.  Of  this  ajnount'$5,820,140  were  the  issues  of  banks  in  the 
city  of  Xew  York,  $7,287,443  of  Boston,  $3,104,471  of  Philadelphia, 
$2,359,092  of  Providence,  $1,170,578  of  Baltimore,  $1,475,002  of  Pitts- 
burgh, $598,100of  Cincinnati,  $580,274  of  Louisville,  $204,530  of  Chicago, 
$159,400  of  Saint  Louis,  $404,909  of  New  Orleans,  and  of  each  of  the 
other  principal  cities  less  than  $400,000. 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  number  and  amount  of  national-bank 
notes,  of  each  denomination,  which  have  been  issued  and  redeemed 
since  the  organization  of  the  system,  and  the  number  and  amount  out- 
standing on  November  1,  1882 : 


Number. 


DeDOininations. 


Issued. 


Sedeemed. 


Outstand- 


Amount. 


Issued. 


Redeemed.    0"<f»fnd. 


Ones 

Twos 

Fives  

Tens 

Twenties 

Fifties 

One  hundreds 

Five  hundreds 

One  thousands 

Portions  of  notes  lost  or 
destroyed 


I  23, 167, 677 

7,747,519 

78,  007, 424 

32,  042,  260 

9,  751,7^4 

1, 453,  324 

1,035,118 

22,787 

7,187 


22,  353, 

7,  CM, 

50,313, 

19,  770, 

5,551, 

980, 

719, 

20, 

6, 


Total 153,925,080  ,116,401,073 


813, 800 

63,  379 

19,  384, 191 

12,  271,  326 

4, 2U0,  077 

473, 142 

315,  988 

1,907 

197 


$23, 167, 677 

15,495,038 

393,  487, 120 

320,  422,  6()0 

195,035,680 

72,666,2(10 

103,511,800 

11,  393, 500 

7, 187, 000 


$22,  353, 877 

15,  308,  280 

296, 506, 165 

197,  7(19,  340 

111,034,140 

49,  0o9, 100 

71,913,000 

10, 440,  000 

6, 990,  000 

-18,233 


$«13, 800 

126.  758 

9G,  920,  955 

122,  713,  2f,0 

64,001,540 

23,  857,  100 

31,  5'.i«,  8l)0 

95;i,  500 

197,  000 

+  18,233 


37,  524,  007  11, 142,  366,  615  ,781,  365,  668  ■  301,  000.  947 


A  table  showing  the  number  and  denomination  of  national-bank 
notes  issued  and  redeemed,  and  the  number  of  each  denomination  out- 
standing on  October  31  for  the  last  fourteen  years  will  be  found  in  tho 
A])pendix. 

The  following  table  shows  the  amount  of  national-bank  notes  received 
at  this  oflice  and  destroyed  yearly  since  the  establishment  of  the  system: 

Prior  to  November  1, 18(55 $17.'>,  490 

Diuiiip  the  year  ending  October  31,  1866 1 ,  O.'.O,  382 

Dnring  the  year  ending  October  31,  1807 3,401,423 

During  the  year  ending  October  31,  IKiS 4 ,  (j(»2,  ft'*J."> 

Dnring  the  year  ending  October  31,  lb(30 H,  (1(I3, 7'29 

During  tho  year  ending  October  31,  1870 14,305, G.S9 

During  tiie  year  ending  October  31,  1871 .' -M,  344,  047 

During  llie  year  en<ling  October  :U,  li^7'2 3O,\»ll,7'J0 

During  the  year  ending  October  31,  1.^73 3(),  433, 171 

During  tlie  year  ending  Octoljer  31,  1874 4'.M):!L>,741 

During  the  year  ending  October  31,  187;') 137,  t)L>7,  «il»6 

During  the  year  ending  October  31,  1.-S7G 1)8,  t>7;i,  71() 

During  the  year  ending  October  31,  1877 7ti, 'J18, 963 

During  tho  year  ending  October  31,  1H78 57,  :{81,i»49 

During  tlio  year  ending  Octobir  31,  1879 41,  l(tl,8:!0 

Dnring  the  year  ending  Ocfolicr  31,  IssO :^,^,  .'">:(".),  CitlO 

During  the  year  ending  October  31,  IHHl 54,941, 130 

During  the  year  ending  October  31,  L-^-^ 74,ltl7,()ll 

Additional  amount  of  notes  of  national  bauk-s  in  li(iuidation 31, 1'Ji),  .V.MI 

Total 781,425,608 


180 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 


RESERVE. 


The  following  table  cxliibits  the  amount  of  net  rlepositfi,  and  the  re- 
serve required  thereon  l)y  the  act  of  June  20,  1874,  together  with  the 
amount  and  classification  of  reserve  held  by  the  national  banks  in  New 
York  City,  in  the  other  reserve  cities,  and  by  the  remaining  banks,  at 
the  dates  of  their  reports  in  October  of  each  year  from  1875  to  1882: 


NEW  YOKK  CITY. 


Nnm- 
ber  of 
banks. 

Net  <\e- 
posits. 

Reaerve 
required. 

Reserve  held. 

Classification  of  reserve. 

Amount. 

Ratio  to 
deposits. 

Specie. 

Other  law- 
ful money. 

Due  from!  Redemp- 
agents.    ,tion  fund. 

October  1,  1875. 

48 
47 
47 
47 
47 
47 
48 
50 

Minions. 
202.3 
197.9 
174.9 
189.8 
210.2 
268.1 
268.  8 
254.0 

Milliom. 

50.6 
49.5 
43.7 
47.4 
52.6 
67.0 
67.2 
63.5 

Millions. 
60.5 
60.7 
48.1 
50.9 
53.1 
70.6 
62.5 
64.4 

Per  cent. 
29.9 
30.7 
27.5 
26.8 
25.3 
26.4 
23.3 
25.4 

Millions. 
5.0 
14.6 
13.0 
13.3 
19.4 
58.7 
50.6 
44.5 

Mitliont. 
54.4 
45.3 
.34.3 
36.5 
32.6 
11.0 
10.0 
18.9 

Millions. 

Minions. 
1    1 

October  2,  1876. 
October  1,  1877. 
October  1,  1878. 

0.8 
0.8 
1. 1 

Octoli6r2,  1879. 
October  1,  1880. 

1.1 
0  9 

October  1,  1881 . 

1  0 

Octobers,  1882. 

1.0 

OTHER  RESERVE  CITIES. 


October  1,  1875. 

188 

223.9 

56.0 

74.5 

33.3 

1.5 

37.1 

32.3 

3.6 

October  2,  1876. 

189 

217.0 

54.2 

76.1 

35.1 

4.0 

37.1 

32.0 

3.0 

October  1,  1877. 

188 

204.1 

51.0 

67.3 

33.0 

5.6 

34.3 

24.4 

3.0 

October  1,  1878. 

184 

199.9 

.50.0 

71.1 

35.6 

9.4 

29.4 

29.1 

3.2 

October  2,  1879. 

181 

228.8 

57.2 

83.5 

36.5 

11.3 

33.0 

35.7 

3.5 

October  1,  1880. 

184 

289.4 

72.4 

105.2 

36.3 

28.3 

25.0 

48.2 

3.7 

October  1,  1881. 

189 

335.4 

83.9 

100.8 

30.0 

34.6 

21.9 

40.6 

3.7 

October  3,  1882 

193 

318.8 

79.7 

89.1 

28.0 

28.3 

24.1 

33.2 

3.3 

STATES  AND  TERRITORIES. 


October  1,  1875. 

1,851 

307.9 

46.3 

100.1 

32.5 

1.6 

33.7 

53.3 

11.5 

October  2,  1876. 

1,853 

301.7 

43.8 

99.9 

34.3 

2.7 

31.0 

65.4 

10.8 

October  1,  1877. 

1,845 

290.1 

43.6 

9.5.4 

32.9 

4.2 

31.6 

48.9 

10.7 

October  1,  1878. 

1,822 

289.1 

43.4 

lOG.  1 

36.7 

8.0 

31.1 

56.0 

11.0 

October  2,  1879. 

1,820 

329.9 

49.5 

124.3 

37.7 

11.5 

30.3 

71.3 

11.2 

October  1,1880. 

1,859 

410.5 

61.6 

147.2 

35.8 

21.2 

28.3 

86.4 

11.3 

October  1,  1881 . 

1,  895 

507.2 

76.1 

158.  3 

31.2 

27.5 

27.1 

92.4 

11.4 

Octobers,  1882. 

2,  026 

545.8 

81.9 

150.4 

27.5 

30.0 

30.0 

80.1 

11.3 

SUMMARY. 


October  1,  1875 
October  2,  1876. 
October  1,  1877. 
October  1,  1878 
October  2,  1879. 
October  1,  1880 
October  1,  1881. 
Octobers,  1882. 


2,087 

734.1 

152.2 

235.1 

32.0 

8.1 

2,089 

706.6 

147.5 

236.7 

3.3.5 

21.3 

2,  080 

669.1 

138.3 

210.8 

31.5 

22.8 

2,053 

G78.  8 

140.8 

228. 1 

33.6 

30.7 

2,  018 

768.  9 

159.  3 

260.9 

33.9 

42.2 

2,090 

968.0 

201.0 

323.  0 

33.4 

108.2 

2,132 

1,111.6 

227.  2 

321.  6 

28.9 

112.7 

2, 269 

1, 118.  6 

225.1 

303.9 

27.2 

102.8 

25.2 

8.5.6 

1.3.4 

87.4 

00.2 

73.3 

97.0 

85.1 

95.9 

107,0 

64.3 

134.6 

59.9 

133.0 

72.0 

113.3 

16.2 
14.6 
14.5 
15.3 
15.8 
15.9 
16.1 
15.8 


The  following  table,  compiled  from  returns  made  to  the  clearing-house 
by  the  national  banks  in  New  York  City,  exhibits  the  movement  of  their 
reserve,  weekly,  during  October,  for  the  last  seven  years : 


REPORT  OP  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


181 


Week  en  dins- 


October  7,1876. 
October  14, 1876 
October  21, 1876 
October  28, 1876 
October  6,1877 
October  13, 1877 
October  20, 1877 
October  27, 1877 
October  5,1878 
October  12, 1878 
October  19, 1878 
October  26, 1878 
October  4,1879 
October  11, 1879 
October  18, 1870 
October  25, 1879 
October  2, 1880 
October  9,  1880 
October  16, 1880 
October  23, 1880 
October  30, 1880 
October  1,1881 
October  8,1881 
October  15, 1881 
October  22, 1881 
October  29, 1881 
October  7,1882 
October  4,1882 
October  21, 1882 
October  28, 1882 


Specie. 


17,  682,  600 
16, 233,  600 
15,577,500 
14,011,600 
14,  665,  600 
14,  726,  500 

14,  087, 400 

15,  209,  000 
14,  995.  800 
12, 184,  600 
13,531,400 

17,  384,  200 

18,  979,  600 
20,  901,  800 

24,  680,  500 

25,  630,  000 

50,  823,  700 
62,521,300 
62, 760,  600 
60, 888,  200 
61,471,600 
54,  954,  600 

53,  287,  900 

51,  008,  300 

54,  016,  200 

55,  901,  200 

47.  016,  000 

48,  281, 000 
49, 518,  200 
48,  374, 200 


Legal  tend- 
ers. 


45,  .W5,  600 
43,  004,  600 
41.421,700 
41,645.600 
36, 168, 300 
35, 178. 900 
35,101,700 

34,  367,  800 
38,  304,  900 
37,  685, 100 
36,  576,  000 

35,  690,  500 
34,  368,  000 
32,  820,  300 
29,  305,  200 
26, 713.  900 
11, 129. 100 
10, 785, 000 
10, 939,  200 
10,  988, 200 
10,  925,  000 
12, 150,  400 
12. 153,  800 
12,  452,  700 
12,  496,  500 
12, 947,  900 
18,  384, 500 
18,  002, 700 
17,  023.  900 
17,  204,  700 


Ratio  of  reserve  to- 

I 


Total 


63.218,200 
59, 238.  200 
56.  999,  200 
55, 657,  200 
50, 833, 900 
49, 905, 400 
49, 189, 100 
49,  576,  800 
53,  300, 700 
49,  869, 700 
50, 107,  400 
53,  074, 700 
53,  347.  600 
53,  722. 100 
53.  991, 700 
52,  349,  900 
70.  952,  800 
73,  306, 300 
73,  699,  800 
71,876,400 
72,  396,  600 
67, 105,  000 

65,  441, 700 
63, 461.  000 

66,  512, 700 
68,  909, 100 
65, 400,  500 
66, 283,  700 
66.542,100 
65.  578,  900 


Circula-  | 

tiun  and  |  Deposits. 

deposits. 


Percent 
30.5 
28.8 
27.8 
28.0 
27.0 
26.7 
26.5 
26.8 
25.7 
24.4 
24.7 
25.8 
23.3 
23.4 
23.5 
23.0 
25.4 
25.4 
25.5 
24.0 
25.0 
23.1 
23.1 
23.2 
24.6 
25.6 
24.0 
24.7 
25.0 
24.8 


Percent 
32.4 
31.1 
30.0 
30.3 
29.5 
29.2 
29.0 
29.4 
28.4 
27.0 
27.3 
28.5 
25.8 
25.9 
26.1 
25.5 
26.4 
27.2 
27.1 
26.6 
26.7 
24.8 
24.9 
25.0 
26.6 
27.4 
26.8 
26.6 
26.8 
26.5 


APPENDIX. 


Tables  will  be  found  in  the  appendix,  exhibiting  the  re.serve  of  the 
national  banks  as  shown  by  their  reports,  from  October  2, 1874,  to  Octo- 
ber 3, 1882;  the  reserve  by  States  and  principal  cities  for  October  3, 1882 ; 
and  in  the  States  and  Territories,  in  New  York  City,  and  in  the  other 
reserve  cities,  separately,  at  three  dates  in  each  year,  from  1878  to  1882. 

Special  attention  is  called  to  the  synopsis  of  judicial  decisions,  to 
the  numerous  and  carefully  prepared  tables  in  both  report  and  appen- 
dix, and  to  the  index  of  subjects  and  list  of  tables  to  be  found  at  the 
close  of  the  appendix.  At  the  end  of  the  full  volume  of  more  than 
seven  hundred  pages,  which  contains  separate  statements  of  2,2G9  na- 
tional banks  as  returned  by  them  for  October  3,  is  an  alphabetical  list  of 
the  cities  and  villages  in  which  the  national  banks  are  situated. 

In  concluding  this  report  the  Comptroller  gratefully  acknowledges  the 
efficiency  of  the  officers  and  clerks  associated  with  him  in  the  discharge 
of  official  duties. 

JOHN  JAY  KJSrOX, 
Comptroller  of  the  Currency. 

Hon.  Joseph  W.  Keifer, 

Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives, 


182  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


EEPORT  OF  THE  DIRECTOR  OF  THE  MINT. 

Treasury  Department, 

Bureau  of  the  Mint, 

October  12,  1882. 

Sir:  I  bave  the  honor  to  submit  iny  fourth,  tlie  tenth  annual  report 
of  the  Director  of  the  Mint  since  the  organization  of  tliis  Bureau,  show- 
ing the  operations  of  the  mints  and  assay  offices  of  the  United  States 
during  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1882. 

The  receipts  of  foreign  coin  and  bullion  declined,  aiul  at  the  close  of 
the  year  had  almost  entirely  ceased,  yet  a  large  amount  of  bullion  was 
deposited  for  parting  and  refining,  and  the  mints  were  fully  occupied 
in  coining  the  silver  pnrchased  for  that  purpose,  and  the  large  amount 
of  gold  i)reviously  received  from  foreign  countries  as  well  as  that  pro- 
duced during  the  year  by  the  mines  of  the  United  States. 

The  import  of  gold  continued  to  exceed  its  export  during  the  first 
half  of  the  fiscal  year,  at  the  close  of  which  the  excess  amounted  to 
$30,100,230.  In  the  latter  part  of  the  year  the  movement  was  reversed 
and  the  excess  of  the  exports  over  the  gold  imijorts  was  $28,311,047, 
reducing  the  net  gain  during  the  whole  of  the  fiscal  year  to  $1,789,183. 

DEPOSITS  AND  PURCHASES.  « 

The  deposits  of  bullion  and  coin,  exclusive  of  redeposits,  were,  of  gold, 
$GG.75G,C52.95,  and  of  silver,  including  purchases,  $33,720,491.42,  mak- 
ing'a  total  of  $100,477,144.37;  of  which  $57,993,080.03  of  gold  and 
$1,787,385.07  of  silver  were  again  deposited,  making  the  total  amount 
receive<l  and  operated  upon  daring  the  year  at  all  the  mints  and  assay 
offices  $124,749,738.98  of  gold  and  $35',507,877.09  of  silver,  a  total  of 
$100,257,010.07; 

The  de])osits  of  domestic  production  were,  gold,  $31,298,511.97.  and 
silver,  $30,950,588.18,  a  total  of  $02,255,100.15;  of  foreign  coin  and  hull- 
ion,  gold,  $33,088,017.82,  and  of  silver,  $2.287,403.17 ;  of  United  States 
coin,  gold,  $599,350.80,  of  silver,  $127,572.40,  a  total  of  $720,929.20,  and 
of  jewelry,  plate,  &c.,  gold,  $1,770,100.30;  silver,  $348,807.07. 

COINAGE. 

The  gold  coinage  of  the  mints  during  both  the  fiscal  and  calendar 

.year  was  greater  than  that  of  any  i)revious  year  in  their  history;  being 

for  the  latter  nearly  eleven  millions  greater  than  the  gold  coinage  of 

the  fiscal  year  1881,  and  nearly  twenty-vseven  millions  in  excess  of  the 

heavy  coinage  in  1851  of  $02,014,492.50. 

At  the  commencement  of  the  fiscal  year  the  coinage  mints  and  New 
York  assay  office  held  of  uncoined  gold  bullion  $80,548,090.90,  and  at  the 
close  of  the  vear  there  remained  $53,700,225.57,  the  amount  on  haiul 
having  been  reduced  $32,848,471.39.  With  this  and  $00,756,052.95  gold 
deposited  during  the  year  there  were  coiued  11,200,003  pieces  of  gold 
of  the  value  of  $89,413,447.50,  the  balance  having  been  paid  to  dejjositors 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


183 


in  fine  bars  and  accounted  for  in  tlie  wastage  of  tlio,  o])erative  officers 
and  tlie  loss  on  sale  of  sweeps.  About  five-sixtlis  (s(;5,0(H),()00)  of  the 
total  gold  coinafre  was  in  eagles  and  half  eagles.  The  coinage  of  double 
eagles  being  $14,503,020;  of  eagles,  844,300,4:10,  and  of  half  eagles, 
$30,473,055. 

The  gold  coinage  of  the  Philadelphia  Mint  was  nearly  all  in  eagles 
antl  iialf  eagles,  the  value  of  the  former  being  830,700,050  and  of  the 
latter  *22,071,725. 

At  the  San  Francisco  ]\Iint  little  over  half  of  the  coinage  was  in 
eagles  and  half  eagles,  the  denominations  coined  being,  double  tuigles. 
$14,200,000 ;  eagles,  87,400,000;  half  eagles,  87,250,000.  Coinage  at  the 
San  Fiancisco  ^lint  of  a  portion  of  the  bullion  belonging  to  the  L'nited 
States  into  denominations  of  §20  has  been  permitted  because  of  the 
greater  demavid  for  large  coins  on  the  Pacific  coast,  where  the  large  ex- 
changes and  settlements  are  generally  ellected  by  the  actual  use  of  gold, 
and  less  pai)er  is  employed  for  the  purpose  than  in  other  portions  of  the 
countiy. 

The  silver  coinage  amounted  to  $27,783,388.75,  of  which  $27,772,075 
were  silver  dollars  and  $11,313.75  were  proof  silver  coins  of  other  de- 
nominations. 

The  total  number  of  pieces  struck  during  the  year,  and  their  value,  were 
as  follows : 


Pieces. 

Value. 

'^old „ 

11,2C6,003 
27,821,300 
4C,  SG5, 725 

$89,  413, 447  50 
27,  783,  388  7."i 

(144,757  75 

Total 

85,  <J5;i,  028 

117,  841,  594  00 

The  coinage  of  gold,  silver,  and  minor  coins  executed  during  the  cal- 
endar year  1881  compares  with  the  liscal  year  1881-82  as  follows: 


Calendar  year 
1881. 

Fiscal  rear 
1882. 

r.oid 

$96,  8.50,  890  00  !    $89. 413, 447  50 
27,  939,  203  75  ',      27,  783,  388  75 

Silver 

Total I  124,700,093.75  '     117,190,830  25 

ilinor '  428,151  75  044, 7;.7  75 


Total  coinage '  125,218,245,50  i    117,841,594  uO 


The  sto(,'k  of  ocent  nickel  coins  in  the  Treasury  having  become  de- 
pleted, and  there  being  a  demand  for  such  coin,  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury,  on  the  12th  day  of  November,  1881,  directed  that  the  coinage 
of  5-ceiit  nickels  be  resumed,  and  that  the  coi)per  and  nickel  cents 
issued  under  acts  in  force  prior  to  the  j)assage  of  the  Coinage  Act  of 
LS73,  held  in  the  custody  of  the  superintendent  of  the  mint  at  I'hila- 
delpliia  for  the  Treasurer  of  the  United  States,  should  be  recoined  into 
5-cent  nickel  ])ieces,  of  which  4,400,775  pieces,  of  a  value  of  $220,038.75, 
were  struck  during  the  year.  This  recoinage  has  occasioned  no  loss, 
but  on  the  contrary  has  resulted  in  a  large  profit. 


184 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


BARS. 

Gold  bars  were  manufactured  during  the  year  to  the  value  of 
$37,505,120.04.  At  the  New  York  Assay  Office,  line  bars  of  tlie  value 
of  $12,147,074.00  were  prepared  for  depositors,  and  bars  of  stand- 
ard lineness  of  the  value  of  $23,730,078,18  were  made  for  shipment  to 
the  Philadelphia  Mint  for  coinage.  Fine  silver  bars  of  the  value  of 
$7,760,808.15  were  maaiufactured  I'or  depositors,  principally  at  the  New 
York  Assay  Office. 

The  total  A^alue  of  fine,  standard,  and  unparted  silver  bars  manu- 
factured at  all  the  mints  and  assay  offices  was  $8,120,202.04,  and  the 
total  value  of  both  gold  and  silver  bars  $45,034,322.08. 

BARS  EXCHANGED  FOR  COIN. 

The  act,  approved  on  the  26th  of  May  last,  authorizing  the  receipt  of 
United  States  gold  coin  in  exchange  for  gold  bars  has  been  found,  as 
was  anticipated,  advantageous  to  the  government.  Under  its  provisions, 
during  the  month  of  June,  gold  bullion  to  the  value  of  $2,607,100.15,  in 
the  form  of  fine  bars  suitable  for  ex]»ort,  was  exchanged  at  the  New 
York  Assaj^  Office  for  gold  coin,  saving  to  the  government  the  expense 
of  its  coinage,  as  well  as  of  transporting  it  to  Philadelphia  and  of  the 
resulting  coin  back  to  New  York.  During  the  months  of  July,  August, 
and  September  there  was  a  further  exchange  of  gold  bullion' for  coin 
to  the  amount  of  $3,800,833.01,  a  total  of  $0,588,000.06  since  the  passage 
of  the  law  and  up  to  October  1.' 

PARTING  AND  REFINING. 

The  deposits  of  bullion  for  parting  and  refining  were  about  one  mill- 
ion of  gross  ounces  more  than  in  the  previous  year,  resulting  chiefly 
from  increased  receipts  for  that  i^urpose  at  thp  New  York  Assay  Office. 

The  following  table  shows  the  gross  ounces  of  bullion  sent  to  the  acid 
refineries  of  the  coinage  mints  and  the  New  York  Assay  Office,  and  the 
ounces  of  standard  gold  and  silver  received : 

OUNCES. 


Mint  or  assay  office. 

Gross. 

Standard  gold. 

Standard  ailver. 

Pliiladelphia 

362,  846.  46 
6,  322,  638.  28 

621,  555.  00 

8,  536.  38 

5, 139, 768.  00 

101,  008.  620 
483,  677. 714 
4.5.462.630 
5,  905. 203 
563,  926.  000 

246,  343.  69 

5,  680,  334. 17 

626,  378. 10 

New  ( )rloiin8 

1,  425.  57 

New  York  

4,  424,  682.  00 

Total 

12,  455,  344. 12 

1, 199, 980. 166 

10,  979, 163.  59 

VALUE. 

Mint  or  assay  office. 

Gold. 

Silrer. 

Total. 

riiiladelphia 

$1,879,230  14 

8,  998,  655  14 

845,  816  37 

109,864  13 

10,491,646  51 

22,  325,  212  29 

$286,  054  47 
6,  609,  843  39 

,  728,  876  40 

1, 058  84 

5, 148,  720  84 

12,  775,  753  94 

$2, 165,  884  Gl 

15,  608,  498  53 

Carson    

1,  574,  692  77 

New  Orleans ... 

111,522  97 

New  Yoi'k 

15,  640,  307  35 

Total 

35, 100,  960  23 

REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


185 


DIES  AND  aiEDALS. 

Of  tlie  dies  executed  at  the  Philadelphia  Mint,  410  were  prepared  to 
be  used  iu  striking  gold  coins,  2G0  for  silver,  507  for  minor  and  30  for 
proof  coins,  and  28  for  the  striking  of  medals ;  a  total  of  1,295. 

:Medals  were  made  and  sold  to  the  number  of,  iu  fine  gold,  876 ;  silver, 
4,522 ;  bronze,  803  j  a  total  of  6,201 ;  and  proof-sets,  of  gold,  34 ;  silver, 
1,112. 

SILVER  PURCHASES. 

The  silver  bullion  purchased  for  coinage,  on  hand  in  the  coinage  mints 
at  the  commencement  of  the  tiscal  year,  amounted  to  3,145,014.83  ounces, 
costing  $3,191,092.25. 

There  were  purchased  during  the  year,  including  partings  and  bullion 
received  in  payment  of  charge.^,  23,405,452.39  ounces,  costing  823,075,- 
105.22.  Of  this  amount  23,875,720.37  ounces  of  standard  silver  bullion, 
costing  $24,342,501.00,  were  used  in  coining  standard  silver  dollars  and 
subsidiary  proof  coins,  and  31,524.25  ounces  were  wasted  and  sold  iu 
sweeps,  costing  $31,992.83,  leaving  of  purchased  silver  at  the  close  of 
the  year  2,703,222.00  ounces  of  standard  fineness,  costing  $2,791,703.04. 

The  average  monthly  coinage  was  1,988,885.50  ounces  of  standard  fine- 
ness, at  an  average  cost  of  $2,027,777.04. 

In  addition  to  the  purchases  at  the  mints,  101,776.98  standard  ounces 
were  obtained  at  the  New  York  Assay  Office,  at  $1  per  standard  ounce, 
iu  payment  of  charges,  making  the  total  receipts  of  silver  by  purchase 
during  the  year  as  folloM^s : 

SILVER  BULLION  PURCHASES,  1882. 


Mint  or  assay  olSce  at 
•which  delivered. 


Philadelphia.. 
San  Francisco. 
New  Orleans.. 
Carson  City... 
New  York 


Total. 


Purchases. 


Standard 
ounces. 


Cost. 


9,230,104.10  $9,453,878  82 

8,  722,  938.  8!)  8,  889,  7(!4  83 

4,  51(i,  965.  37  4,  C-:!C,  194  29 

S59,  709. 12  875,  600  78 


Partings   and   re- 
ceived for  charges. 


Standard 
ounces. 


Cost. 


32,  818.  G8  $.32, 804  33 

92,  903.  37  j  92,  903  37 

1,391.471     1,39147 

2,.%1.33[    2,  ."SOI  33 

161,  770.  98 101,  770  98 


Total  purchased. 


Standard 
ounces. 


Cost 


9,208.922.84   $9,480,683  15 

8,  X15,  902.  20!    8.  9fi2,  728  20 

4,  518,  356.  84     4,  027,  585  76 

862,  270.  45         878, 108  11 

161,  776.  98         161,  770  98 


23,  335,  717. 54,  23, 845,  444  72|291,  5U.  83  291, 497  48!  23, 627, 229. 37J  24, 130,  942  20 


In  the  weekly  purchases  it  has  been  the  purpose  to  obtain  not  less 
than  $2,000,000  worth  of  silver  bullion  for  each  mouth. 

Where  this  has  not  been  the  case,  it  was  either  on  account  of  the  failure 
of  sellers  of  silver  to  deliver  their  bullion  promptly  during  the  month  iu 
which  it  was  purcliased,  or  from  the  fact  that  sufficient  silver  was  not 
offered  at  rates  not  exceeding  the  market  ])rice.  The  table  of  purchases 
during  the  year  show.^,  Iiowever,  a  monthly  ik'Hvery  and  coinage  averag- 
ing over  $2,000,000  worth  of  silver  bullion,  and  a  compliance  with  the 
provisions  of  the  law  as  fur  as  jiracticable. 

The  average  price  paid  during  the  year  for  silver  bullion  was  $1.02.15 
per  ounce  standard.  The  average  London  (luotation  for  silver  bullion 
of  British  standard  was  51{;;  pence  per  ounce,  equivalent  at  the  par  ol 
exchange  to  $1.13.023  jier  ounce  fine,  or  $1.02.20  per  ounce  standard. 
The  New  York  selling  |)rice  of  silver  during  the  year  was  $1.13.799  per 
ounce  fine,  or  $1.02.419  per  ounce  standard.     No  oilers  of  silver  were 


186  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

acooi^ted  or  purchases  made  at  rates  in  excess  of  the  equivalent  of  the 
Loudon  i)rice  on  the  date  of  purchase. 

Tlic  dithcultios  heretofore  experienced  in  supplying  the  ]!!Tew  Orleans 
INIiut  with  silver  at  market  rates  liave  been  overcome,  and  i)urcliases  of 
silver  bullion  are  now  niatlo  for  delivery  at  that  mint  at  rates  little,  if 
any,  in  (excess  of  the  price  paid  for  delivery  at  the  Philadelphia  Mint. 
It  was  therefore  deemed  expedient  to  keep  the  New  Orleans  Mint  well 
supplied  with  silver  bullion  and  employed  in  the  coinaj;e  of  silver  dol- 
lars. This  enabled  the  Philadelphia  jyint  to  meet  the  requirements  of 
the  Treasury  and  of  the  public  for  gold  and  minor  coins,  and  relieved 
it  from  th<)  necessity  of  increasing  its  silver  coinage  when  the  high  prices 
asked  for  silver  bullion  at  San  Francisco  prevented  the  mint  at  that 
place  from  obtaining  a  supply. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  on  the  30th  of  January,  1882,  author- 
ized the  sui)eriuteudents  of  the  coinage  mints  to  purchase  mutilated  and 
uucurrent  silver  coin  when  delivered  in  sums  of  $3  and  upwards  and 
to  pay,  without  previous  melt  or  assay,  at  the  rate  of  $1  per  ounce  of 
silver  of  standard  fineness  contained,  the  coins  so  purchased  to  be  used 
in  the  coinage  of  the  standard  silver  dollars.  The  mutilated  and  uucur- 
rent silver  coin  presented  in  sums  of  $3  and  upward,  from  the  1st  of 
Februarv  to  June  30, 1882,  have  amounted,  as  nearly  as  can  be  ascer- 
tained, to  about  $29,000. 

The  assay ers  in  charge  of  the  United  States  mint  at  Denver  and  of 
the  assay  offices  at  Helena,  Charlotte,  Boise,  and  Saint  Louis  were  au- 
thorized, under  date  of  February  7,  1882,  to  purchase  the  silver  taken 
for  assay  of  silver  bullion  deposited  for  unparted  bars  and  to  pay  for 
the  same  in  coin  at  the  rate  of  $1  per  ounce  of  standard  silver,  and  the 
bullion  thus  purchased  to  be  transmitted  by  them,  with  other  bullion, 
to  the  coinage  mints,  to  be  used  in  the  coinage  of  the  standard  silver 
dollars. 

The  profits  on  the  silver  bullion  coined  during  the  year  and  credited 
to  the  silver  profit  fund  amounted  to  $3,440,887.15.  Of  this  sum 
$3,438,829.41  were  profits  on  the  coinage  of  standard  silver  dollars,  and 
the  remainder,  $2,057.74,  were  profits  on  the  fractional  silver  coined. 

Fractional  silver  coins  of  the  nominal  value  of  $11,313.75  were  struck 
at  the  Philadelphia  Mint  by  the  superintendent's  orders,  to  enable  him 
to  supply  numismatists  and  others  desiring  to  keep  up  complete  collec- 
tions of  the  coinage. 

Of  the  profits  on  the  coinage  of  silver  $2,554,729.33  were  deposited 
in  the  Treasury  during  the  year,  together  with  $1,101,045.43  standing 
to  the  credit  of  that  account  at  the  commencement  of  the  year;  $04,026.11 
were  paid  for  transportation,  and  $15,055.99  for  wastage  and  loss"  on  sale 
of  sweeps,  leaving  a  balance  to  the  credit  of  the  silver  profit  fund  in 
the  mints,  on  June  30,  1882.  of  $807,075.72,  which  sum  has  since  been 
deposited  in  the  Treasury. 

DISTRIBUTION. 

The  following  statement  exhibits  the  balance  on  hand  June  30,  ISSl, 
coinage  and  distribution  of  silver  dollars  at  each  mint,  being  comi)iled 
from  statements  made  to  this  Bureau,  from  which  it  will  be  seen  that 
the  amount  distributed  during  the  year  from  the  mints  aggregates 
$15,747,403  : 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


187 


J  MOUNT  of  SILVER  DOLLARS  REPORTED  by  the  COINAGE  MINTS  on  HAND 
June  30,  1881,  COINED  durituj  the  year  and  on  HAND  at  the  CLOSE  of  the  FISCAL 
TEAR  ended  June  30,  188i. 


Period. 


Philadel- 
phia. 


San  Fran- 
cisco. 


Carson. 


New  Or- 
leans. 


Total. 


On  band  June  30,  1881  . 
Cuiuiige  liHcal  year  1682 

Total 

In  mints  June  30,  li>62. . 

Distributed 


$1,250,802  $15,941,135     $1,  OfiO,  991 


11,051,075     11,000,000 


12,301,877 
4, 248,  069 


8, 053,  808 


2ti,  941,135 
25, 114,  407 


1,  820,  728 


763,  000 


$5,  088, 132 
4, 958,  000 


$23,  341,  OCO 
27,  772.  075 


1,  823,  991 
1,  200,  901 


10,040.132 
4,  742,  295 


51, 113,  135 
35,  365, 072 


5C:i,  090 


5, 303,  837 


15,  747,  4C3 


Of  the  $27,772,075  coined  during  the  year,  $12,025,783  had  not  at  the 
close  of  the  year  been  called  for  or  moved  from  the  mints,  and  of  the 
total  standard  dollar  coinage  there  were  still  in  the  mints  $35,o(>5,G72. 

From  the  monthly  statement  of  assets  and  liabilities  the  following 
table  exhibits  the  coinage,  movement  and  circulation,  by  periods  of  six 
months  each,  from  July  1,  1882,  to  October  1,  1882: 

COMPARATIVE  STATEMENT  of  the  COINAGE,  MOVEMENT  and  CIRCULATION 
of  STANDARD  SILVER  DOLLARS  at  the  end  of  each  six  months  from  July  I,  1881, 
to  July  1,  188'.i,  and  for  the  three  vionths  ending  September  30,  1882. 


Period. 


Total  coin- 
age. 


In  the  Treasury. 


«  2 


I 


p,cs 

a-i.5 


July  1,  1881 $91,372,705  $39,110,729 

January  1,  1882 ,105,380,980  i  62,315.320 

July  1,  1882 '119,  144,  7hO     54,506,090 

■October  1 ,  1882 :  120,  029,  880      03,  205,  780 


$23, 433,  993   $62,  544,  722 

7,  274,  617  I  69,  5ii9,  937 

32,  (VJ7,  726  I  87, 1.13,  816 

29,  022,  869  I  92,  228,  649 


$28,  827, 983 
35,  791,  043 
31,  980.  964 
34,007,011 


The  amount  of  silver  dollars  put  into  circulation  from  the  Xew  Or- 
leans Mint  exceeded  the  (coinage  of  the  year  at  that  mint  about  $400,000, 
while  at  tiie  IMiihidclphia  Mint  it  was  $3,000,000  les.s,  at  the  San  Fran- 
cisco Mint  over  $9,000,000  less,  and  at  the  Carson  Mint  $200,000  less 
than  the  yearly  coinage  of  these  mints  respectively.  « 


ArPROPEIATIONS,  EARNINGS,  AND  EXPENDITURES. 

The  total  amount  appropriated  for  the  supjiort  of  the  mints  and  assay 
offices  for  the  hscal  year  emlcd  June  30,  1882,  wa.s  $1,20!),()(>0,  of  which 
amount  the  sum  of  $1,170,205.21  was  expended.  In  addition  thereto 
there  wasexjiended  from  the  apjiropriatiou  contained  in^th«'act  author- 
i;cing  the  coinage  of  the  standard  silver  dolhir,  passed  February  28, 
1878,  the  sum  of  $137,550.01  on  account  of  the  mints,  and  $2,173.37  at 
the  Treasury  Department,  :i  total  of  $13'J,73'_'.08.  Of  this  amount 
$10,124.80  was  paid  tor  four  automatic  wt-igiiing  machines,  two  of  them 
to  be  used  at  riiiladelphia  and  two  at  San  Francisco. 


188 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 


The  appropriations  for  the  several  mints  and  assay  offices,  and  the 
amounts  expended  irom  them,  are  shown  in  the  following  table  : 


APPROPRIATIONS.  1882. 


Inatitution, 

CO 

So 

a 
1/ 
ta 

.3 

a 
o 
O 

Coinage  of  the  stand- 
ard silver  dollar, 
act  of  February  28, 
1878  (iudeflnitc). 

Total. 

Philadelphia  Mint 

$34,  850  00 
24,  900  00 
23,  550  00 
21,  400  00 
10,  950  00 
33, 150  00 
5,  950  00 
3,  000  00 
2,  750  00 
5,  500  00 

$300, 000  00 
260,  000  00 
65,  000  00 
85,  000  00 
12,  000  00 
25,  000  00 
12.000  00 

$100,  000  00 

70,  000  00 

30,  000  00 

35,  000  00 

0,  000  00 

9,  000  00 

10,  000  00 

6,  000  00 

.     2,  000  00 

*16,  000  00 

$434, 850  00 
354,  9U0  00 
118  550  00 

New  Orleans  Mint 

141  400  00 

Denver  Mint 

28,  950  00 
67, 150  00 

New  York  Assay  OfHce 

Helena  Assay  Office 

27,  950  00 

Boise  Assay  Office 

Ckarlotte  Assay  Office 

9  000  00 

4,  750  00 
21,  500  00 

Saint  Lonis  Assay  Office 

Tetal 

166, 000  00 

759, 000  00 

284,  000  00 

1,  209,  000  00 

EXPENDITURES,  1882. 


Philadelphia  Mint 

San  Francisco  Mint 

Carson  Mint 

New  Orleans  Mint . . 

Denver  Mint 

New  York  Assay  Office 

Helena  Assay  Office 

Boise  Assay  Office , 

Charlotte  Assay  Office  . , 
Saint  Louis  Assay  Office 

Total 


424  72 
900  00 
550  00 
974  14 
950  00 
073  59 
950  00 
000  00 
750  00 
999  80 


$299, 999  27 
259,  896  42 
64,  237  00 
84,  994  95 
10,497  75 
24,  830  25 
9,  744  79 


,  999  38  $121,  619  30 
"'   ^   12,417  76 


62,  892  46 

28, 474  85 

34,  637  30 

4, 125  68 

8,  988  32 

6,  756  77 

5,  233  62 

1,  503  30 

t8,  880  85 

3, 522  55 


160,  572  25  I  754,  200  43  261, 492  53 


137,  559  61 


$555,  042  67 
360, 106  64 
116,  261  85 
143, 128  94 
25,  573  43 
66,  892  16 
22,  451  56 
8,  233  62 
4,  253  30 
11, 8S0  65 


1, 313,  824  82 


*  Includes  $10,000  for  fixtures  and  apparatus, 
tinoludes  $6,896.11  for  fixtures  and  apparatus. 

In  the  appendix  will  be  found  a  statement  showing  the  total  earn- 
ings and  gains  from  all  sources  at  the  mints  and  assay  offices  during 
the  year,  and  the  total  expenditures,  wastages,  and  losses  of  all  kinds. 
The  gross  earnings  amounted  to  $4,268,742.56,  and  the  gross  expendi- 
tures and  losses  to  $1,689,544.68. 

A  statement  is  also  given  showing  the  wastage  of  the  precious  metals 
at  each  of  the  mints  during  the  year  and  the  loss  occasioned  by  the  sale 
of  bullion  in  sweeps. 

The  total  value  of  the  precious  metals  wasted  during  the  year  at  the 
four  coinage  mints  and  the  Xew  York  Assay  Office  was  only  $36,658,93  ; 
while  bullion  of  the  value  of  $16,685.28  was  returned  by  the  melter  and 
refiner  of  the  mint  at  San  Francisco  in  excess  of  the  amount  with 
which  he  was  charged,  and  by  the  melter  and  refiner  at  the  ISTew  York 
Assay  Office  of  the  value  of  $21,729.15,  making  a  total  gain  of  $38,414.43, 
or  a  net  excess  over  and  above  the  entire  amount  of  bullion  wasted  of 
the  value  of  $1,755.50  ;  showing  that  on  the  large  amount  of  gold  and 
silver  bullion  operated  upon  at  the  mints  of  the  United  States  and  the 
New  York  Assay  Office,  there  was  an  absolute  gain  of  over  seventeen 
hundred  dollars. 

The  loss  on  the  sale  of  sweeps  is  not,  strictly  speaking,  a  loss  in  the 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


189 


ordinary  operations  of  the  mints,  but  represents  the  difference  between 
the  value  of  the  gold  and  silver  contained  in  sweepings,  as  determined 
by  assay,  and  the  price  received  for  the  sweeps,  which  are  sold  because 
the  mints,  with  their  inadequate  fiicilities  for  working  such  material, 
cannot  extract  gold  and  silver  of  sufficient  value,  less  expenses,  to  equal 
the  sum  which  smelters  will  pay  for  them. 

REFINERY  EARNINGS  AND  EXPENDITURES. 

The  charges  collected  during  the  year  for  parting  and  refining  bull- 
ion, which  by  law  are  appropriated  for  the  payment  of  the  expenses  of 
those  operations,  amounted  to  $278,882,  of  which  the  sum  of  $264,609.56 
was  paid  out  for  expenses. 

The  following  statement  shows  the  amounts  collected  and  expended 
for  parting  and  refining  bullion,  including  that  portion  of  the  wastages  of 
the  operative  officers  and  the  loss  on  sweeps  sold,  properly  payable  from 
that  fund : 


Institntion. 


Charges  col- 
lected. 


Expenditnres. 


Philadplphia  Mint ■ 

San  Francisco  Mint...., 

Carson  Mint 

New  Orleans  Mint 

New  York  Assay  Office 

Total.-, 


$10,  850  97 
158,  200  21 

14,  749  24 
176  10 

94,  905  48 


278,  S62  00 


$6,  518  51 

154,864  62 

15,  320  61 

252  26 

87,653  56 


264,609  56 


The  net  excess  of  the  earnings  of  the  refineries  over  the  expenses 
from  the  first  of  July,  1876,  to  June  30, 1882,  remaining  in  the  Treasury 
of  the  United  States,  amounted  onthefirstday  of  July  last  to  $153,311.80. 
This  is  a  very  satisfactory  exhibit,  especially  in  view  of  the  fact  that 
the  rates  charged  for  parting  and  refining  at  some  of  the  mints  had  been 
reduced  and  were  less  than  in  previous  years,  aud  shows  that  the  refin- 
eries have  been  more  than  self-supporting. 

The  charges  for  parting  and  refining  collected  during  the  year  at  each 
institution  were  sufficient  to  defray  the  expenditures  of  those  operations, 
except  at  Carson  and  Kew  Orleans.  The  slight  deficiencies  at  those 
mints  were  occasioned  in  part  by  the  payments  of  bills  accruing  in  for- 
mer years,  and  will  not,  it  is  believed,  necessitate  an  increase  in  the 
rates  of  charges. 

ANNUAL  ASSAY. 


The  annual  assay  to  test  the  weight  and  fineness  of  the  coins  struck 
at  the  mints  during  the  calendar  year  1881  was  made  at  the  Philadel- 
phia Mint  on  the  second  Wednesday  of  February  last,  as  required  by 
law.  Assays  were  made  and  the  weights  tested  of  the  reserved  coins 
from  deliveries  in  each  month  throughout  the  year,  and  the  results  were 
reported  by  the  committee  on  weigliiiig  "that  all  the  coins  weighed  are 
within  the  limits  of  exactness  rocjuired  by  law,  and  that,  in  fact,  very 
few  vary  from  the  standard  by  one-half  tlie  tolerance";  and  by  the  com- 
mittee on  assaying  that  tliey  had  taken  the  gold  and  silver  coins  re- 
served from  the  several  mints  "and  have  assayed  the  same  in  mass,  and 
also  the  individual  coins,"  and  that — 

Tho  CToatest  deviation  from  1  hi*  standard  in  tlio  coin.igo examined  is  f;ir  within  the 
imits  allowed  by  law,  aud  exliibits  a  remarkable  degree  of  uniformity  in  mixture. 


190  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

while  there  appenrs  a  very  great  perfection  of  workmanship.  An  analysis  of  the  cop- 
per alloy  x>re6ent  shows  that  it  is  substantially  in  accordance  with  the  law  and  rogu- 
JatioQS. 

Whereupon  it  was  resolved  by  the  commission — 

That  the  asaay  commission  having  examined  and  tested  the  reserved  coins  of  the 
several  mints  for  the  year  1881,  and  it  appearing  that  these  coins  are  within  the  tol- 
erance prescribed  by  law,  the  trial  is  considered  and  reported  as  satisfactory. 

ESTIMATION   OF    THE   VALUES  OF  FOEEIGN  COINS. 

The  estimation  of  the  Director  of  the  Mint  and  the  proclamation  of 
the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  on  the  1st  day  of  January,  1882,  of  the 
x^alues  of  standard  coins  in  circulation  of  the  various  nations  of  the 
world  will  be  found  in  the  appendix. 

The  valuation  of  foreign  coins  estimated  in  the  circular  of  January  1, 
1882,  was  based  npon  the  average  price  of  silver  bullion  for  the  last  three 
months  of  1881  to  December  29. 

The  average  price  was  51.886  pence  per  ounce  British  standard,  and 
the  equivalent  price  113.74  cents  per  fine  ounce. 

Upon  this  basis  the  following  changes  were  made  in  the  values  of  sil- 
ver coins  from  those  estimated  by  the  circular  of  January  1, 1881 :  The 
Austrian  florin,  from  40.7  cents  to  40.6  cents ;  the  Japan  yen,  from  88.8 
cents  to  88.7  cents.  The  •< gourde"  of  Hayti  was  estimated  to  be  worth 
96.5  cents. 

EXAMINATIONS  AND  ANNUAL  SETTLEMENTS. 

An  account  was  taken  at  each  of  the  mints  and  at  the  New  York  As- 
say Office  at  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year  of  the  coin,  bullion,  and  other 
moneys  belonging  to  those  institutions  in  the  hands  of  the  superintend- 
ent, and  delivered  to  him  by  the  operative  officers. 

The  annual  examinations  of  the  operative  officers  were  superintended 
by  the  Director  or  a  representative  of  the  Bureau,  and  were  found  sat- 
isfactory, the  wastage  in  no  case  exceeding  the  legal  limits. 

The  gold  bullion  operated  ui)on  in  the  melter  and  refiner's  depart- 
ments in  the  mints  and  New  York  Assay  Office  amounted  to  14,618,071 
standard  ounces,  on  which  the  legal  allowance  for  wastage  was  14,618 
standard  ounces,  and  the  actual  wastage  835.27  standard  ounces.  Of 
silver  bullion  54,540,070  ounces  of  standard  fineness  were  operated  upon, 
on  which  the  legal  limit  of  wastage  was  81,810  ounces,  and  the  actual 
wastage  7,996  ounces. 

In  the  coiner's  departments,  10,616,313  ounces  of  gold  of  standard 
fineness  were  operated  upon,  on  which  the  legal  limit  of  wastage  was 
5,308  ounces,  and  the  actual  wastage  470  ounces.  Of  silver  bullion 
47,203,782  ounces  were  operated  upon,  upon  which  the  legal  limit  of 
wastage  was  47,293  ounces,  and  the  actual  wastage  4,279  ounces. 

The  total  wastage  at  all  the  institutions  during  the  year  was  1,305.27 
ounces  of  gold,  of  the  value  of  $24,306.30,  and  12,275  ounces  of  silver,  of 
the  value  $12,352.63. 

Besides  the  annual  settlements,  special  examinations  were  had  at  the 
San  Francisco  and  New  Orleans  Mints  to  ascertain  the  facts  in  respect 
to  charges  aftecting  their  management,  and  the  result  of  the  examina- 
tions, with  the  evidence,  were  submitted  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 
A  special  settlement  also  was  made  at  the  close  of  the  calendar  year 
at  the  New  York  Assay  Office,  having  been  rendered  necessary  by  rea- 
son of  the  resiguation  of  the  superintendent,  Thomas  C.  Acton,  and  the 
appointment  of  Pierre  C.  Van  Wyck  as  his  successor. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     191 

REVIEW  OF  THE  BUNT  SERVICE. 

Besides  tlie  current  oflice  work  of  this  Bureau  in  su])ervisinj;j  tho 
operations  of  the  mints  and  assay  offices,  their  contracts,  i)urcliases, 
and  expenditures,  in  examining  tlieir  monthly  and  quarterly  accounts, 
and  their  daily,  weekly,  and  monthly  reports,  their  business  transac- 
tions, coinage,  &c.,  much  time  was  given  to  the  procuring  and  compil- 
ing of  statistical  information  concerning  the  production  of  the  precious 
metals  in  the  Uuited  States  and  the  preparation  of  a  special  report 
thereon. 

At  the  laboratory  of  the  Bureau  1C6  deliveries  of  gold  coins  and  16S 
silver  coins  were  tested  by  assays  of  the  coins  forwarded  from  the 
mints  for  that  purpose,  and  assays  were  made  of  ores  received  at  this 
office  from  various  portions  of  the  country,  the  receipts  for  which, 
amounting  to  $261,  were  deposite<l  in  the  Treasury. 

The  business  of  the  mints  and  assay  offices  has  be«n  conducted  with, 
fidelity  and  skill,  and  to  the  general  satisfaction  of  the  public.  While 
less  gold  bullion  was  received  and  liandled  than  in  the  preceding  year, 
the  work  of  the  coinage  mints  and  the  New  York  Assay  Office  iii  part- 
ing, refining,  and  coining  bullion  was  greater.  The  receipts  of  bullion 
from  the  public  and  deliveries  to  and  from  the  operative  officers  involved 
transactions  and  accounts,  accompanied  by  vouchers,  which  received 
careful  examination  in  the  Mint  Bureau  as  well  as  in  the  accounting 
offices  of  the  Treasury  Department. 

PHILADELPHIA  MINT. 

At  this  mint,  besides  striking  a  large  number  of  silver  coins  and  an 
unprecedented  coinage  of  gold,  there  was  a  continuous  denuind  for 
minor  coins,  of  whicli,  during  the  year,  4,400,775  five-cent  pieces  and 
42,401,475  one-cciit  jiieces  were  coined.  The  total  number  of  iiieces 
coined  at  the  njint  in  1882  was  60,236,475,  being  11,500,000  more  than 
in  the  preceding  year. 

The  demand  for  small  coins,  as  has  been  noticed  in  other  countries, 
increases  with  business  activity,  and  is  a  favorable  indication  of  the 
frequency  of  actual  exchanges  and  of  a  prosperous  condition  of  the 
country. 

A  greater  amount  of  gold  and  silver  was  operated  upon  by  the  meltcr 
and  retincr  and  by  the  coiner  than  in  any  previous  year. 

The  heavy  (;i»inage  of  gold  and  of  minor  coins  at  the  Philadelphia 
Mint  has  continued  torccpure  large  expenditures,  and  to  defray  a  con- 
siderable jtortioii  of  the  expense  of  the  silver  coinage  ha«  necessitated 
the  use  of  the  appro]>riMiioM  contained  in  the  act  for  the  coinage  of  the 
standanl  silver  <l<)ll;»r.  It  is  believed,  however,  that  as  tiie  gold  coinage 
will  be  diniini.slicd,  the  ellicient  superintendent  of  that  luint  will  have 
effected,  and  at  the  close  of  the  year  will  be  able  to  show  a  considerable 
reduction  in  the  expenses  of  the  mint. 

f>AN  FRANCISCO  MINT. 

This  mint  at  its  annual  si^ttlement  made  a  favorable  exhibit  of  its 
condition  and  operations,  and  appeared  in  all  its  dei)artments  to  be  in 
excellent  order.  The  coiner  had  a  small  wastage.  The  inciter  and  re- 
finer's settlement  was  quite  satisfactory  and  creditable  to  him.  lie  re- 
turned an  excess  of  $l(i,085. 28  in  gold  and  $1,560.43  in  silver  above  the 
amouid  charged  to  him. 

'I'he  work  of  this  mint  in  coinage  was  about  the  same  as  in  the  ]>revions 
year,  ia,!K)0,(K)0  pieceshaving  been  struck  in  1882,and  14,234,000  in  1881. 
Although  the  value  of  the  gold  coinage  in  1882  was  less,  the  number  of 


192  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    TUE 

pieces  executed  was  334,000  greater  than  in  1881 ,  while  the  silver  coinage, 
which  was  wholly  of  silver  dollars,  was  $400,000  less. 

Some  official  changes  occurred  during  the  year.  At  the  commence- 
ment Mr.  E.  F.  White  superseded  F.  X.  Cicx)tt  as  coiner,  and  the  super- 
intendency  of  the  mint,  which  for  over  four  years  had  been  under  the 
able  and  careful  management  of  Mr.  IT.  L.  Dodge,  was  at  the  close  of  the 
year  surrendered  to  Mr.  E.F.  Burton,  who,  although  previously  appointed 
and  commissioned,  preferred  not  to  enter  upon  duty  until  after  the  an- 
nual settlement  and  with  the  commencement  of  a  new  fiscal  year. 

CARSON  MINT. 

The  difficulty  in  procuring  silver  for  coinage  was  less  than  that  ex- 
perienced in  former  years,  and  coinage  operations,  which  had  been  pre- 
viously suspended,  were  resumed  in  the  month  of  October  and  con- 
tinued during  the  remainder  of  the  year. 

The  refinery  was  kept  open  during  the  whole  year  for  the  purchase 
of  silver  and  reception  of  deposits  for  parting  and  refining. 

The  work  performed  at  the  Carson  Mint,  as  to  the  value  of  the  de- 
posits, number  of  pieces,  and  value  of  the  coinage,  was  nearly  double 
that  of  the  preceding  year. 

The  annual  settlement  made  at  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year  was  satis- 
factory. 

NEW  ORLEANS  MINT. 

Less  silver  was  purchased  for  coinage  at  the  I^ew  Orleans  Mint  than 
in  the  preceding  year,  and  although  there  was  a  greater  coinage  of  gold, 
the  number  of  pieces  and  value  of  the  silver  coinage  was  about  a  mill- 
ion and  a  half  dollars  less  than  the  i^revious  year. 

At  the  commencement  of  the  year  the  coiner,  Mr.  J.  W.  Helflfrich,  re- 
signed. Mr.  B.  F.  Butler,  his  assistant,  was  designated  by  the  Secre- 
tary as  acting  coiner,  and  had  charge  of  that  department  of  the  mint 
until  appointment  of  Mr.  F.  K.  Jones,  February  10, 1882,  who,  as  soon 
as  confirmed,  was  placed  in  charge. 

■  NEW  YORK  ASSAY  OFFICE. 

Mr.  Thomas  C.  Acton,  the  superintendent  of  the  Kew  York  Assay 
Office,  whose  administration  of  its  afiairs  for  over  twelve  years  had  been 
characterized  by  a  most  faithful,  efficient,  and  economical  management, 
having  been  tendered  a  more  responsible  official  position,  resigned  the 
superintendency  and  delivered  the  office  at  the  close  of  the  calendar  year 
to  his  successor,  Mr.  Pierre  C.  Van  Wyck.  During  the  year  deposits 
amounting  to  $35,994,087  in  gold  and  $7,168,260  in  silver  were  received. 
The  silver  deposits  were  nearly  $2,000,000  in  excess  of  those  of  the  pre- 
ceding year,  while  the  gold  deposits  were  upwards  of  $63,000,000  less  in 
amount,  owing  to  a  decrease  in  imports  of  foreign  bullion  and  coin. 

Bars  were  manufactured  to  the  value  of,  gold,  $35,887,653.08,  and  sil- 
ver, $7,092,393.25,  being  about  $64,000,000  less  of  gold  bars  and  about 
$2,000,000  more  of  silver  bars  than  were  made  in  the  previous  year. 

DENVER  anNT,  AND  ASSAY  OFFICES  AT  CHARLOTTE,  HELENA,  BOISE, 

AND   SAINT  LOUIS. 

The  value  of  the  gold  and  silver  bullion  deposited  at  these  institu- 
tions, and  of  the  unparted  bars  manufactured,  was  much,  greater  than 
in  the  preceding  year. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


193 


The  charges  collected  for  melting',  assaying,  and  stamping  bars  were 
$1,G94.07,  and  for  assays  of  ores,  $2,138.  The  total  earnings  of  all  the 
institutions  were  $4,955.72,  some  $700  less  than  in  the  previous  year. 

The  increased  value  of  the  deposits  aiid  of  the  bars  manufactured 
arose  from  a  greater  amount  of  bullion  being  received  and  bars  manu- 
factured at  the  Denver  Mint  and  Helena  Assay  Office,  the  deposits  of 
gold  at  the  former  having  increased  from  $2o5,137.15  to  $458,847.07; 
silver,  from  $3,805.77  to  $7,053.02;  and  the  value  of  bars  manufactured 
from  $238,942.02  to  $405,900.09. 

Tlie  growth  of  business  at  Helena  was,  in  deposits  of  gold,  from 
$308,525.1 3  in  1881  to  $684,475.53  in  1882,  and  in  silver  deposits  from 
$84,314.97  to  $145,306.05,  and  in  the  value  of  bars  manufactured  from. 
$652,840.10  to  $829,781.58. 

MONETARY  STATISTICS   OF   THE  UNITED   STATES. 

Since  submitting  my  last  annual  report  inquiries  relative  to  the  pro- 
duction, import,  export,  and  consumption  of  the  precious  metals,  and  to 
their  circulation  as  money,  have  been,  as  heretofore,  diligently  prose- 
cuted, and  much  valuable  information  obtained. 

The  facts  that  have  been  gathered  are  here  classified  and  summarized, 
and  the  more  important  tabulated  for  convenient  comi)arison  or  refer- 
ence. 


PRODUCTION    OF 


THE    PRECIOUS    METALS    IN     THE  UNITED    STATES 
FOR  THE  FISCAL.  YEAR  1882. 


At  the  close  of  the  calendar  year  1881,  after  an  extended  review  of 
the  production  of  gold  and  silver  in  the  mining  districts  and  counties 
in  the  States  and  Q'erritories,  a  careful  estimate  was  made  of  the  total 
production  of  the  United  States  and  published  in  the  special  report 
transmitted  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  to  Congress  in  June  last 
T  then  estimat-ed  the  total  production  for  the  calendar  year  1881  to 
have  been,  of  gold,  $34,700,000,  and  of  silver,  $43,000,000;  a  total  of 
$77,700,'00O.  The  production  by  States  and  Territories  was  estimated 
to  have  been  as  follows  : 

Production  of  fjold  and  silver  in  the  Uniied  States  during  the  calendar  year,  1881  hy  States 

and  Territories. 


Ck)ld. 


Alaska :  $15,000 

Arizona '  1.060.  OOO 

(;aliforuia IK,  200,000 

Colorado : :f,  :«>o,  000 

Dakota..." 4,000.  000 

Oorsia i  125.000 

Idaho ].7tK),000 

Maine .* 

Montana I  2,330.000 

Jfevada ■  '-,250,000 

2sew  Mexico 1  1)C>.  000 

Xorth  Carolina I  115,000 

Orejion 1,100,000 


South  Carolina  . 
ToiinosBee... 

TtaL 

Virginia 

Washington. 
Wyoming ... 


.Jo,  000 

5,000 

145,000 

10,000 

120,000 

5,000 


Silver. 


Total ^ 34,700,000 

aT)" 


$7, 300, 000 

750,000 

17, 160. 000 

70,000 


1,  300, 000 

5,000 

2,  630,  000 
7,060,000 

275,000 


50,000 


6,400,000 


43, 000, 000 


TotaL 


tl5,000 
360,000 
950.000 
460,000 
070,000 
125,000 
000,000 

5,000 
060,000 
310,000 
460,000 
115, 000 
150,000 
36.000 

5.000 

545,000 

10,000 

120,000 

6,000 


77,700.000 


194 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


The.  production  of  jjold  liad  declined  and  that  of  silver  increased  over 
tlioir  production  in  i)reviou.s  years.  From  the  dei)Osits  made  at  the 
mints  and  tiie  exi)orts  of  domestic  l)ullion  there  appears  to  have  been  a 
still  further  falling  olf  in  the  production  of  gold  and  an  increase  in  that 
of  silver. 

The  dei)()sits  of  domestic  gold  at  the  mints  and  assay  oflicea  during 
the  calendar  year  1.S81  amounted  to  $34,271, 350.4«5,  aiul  (luring  the  tiscal 
year  1882  to ■$31,208,511.07,  a  falling  otf  of  about  three  millions  of  dol- 
lars. This  decline  ai)pears  to  have  been  in  the  production  of  the  States 
on  the  I'acilic  slope.  The  deposits  of  domestic  gold  at  the  San  Fran- 
cisco and  Carson  Mints,  which  amounted  to  $2(1,011, ()17.o()  in  the  calen- 
dar year  1881,  during  the  fiscal  year  amounted  to  only  $22,708,0(53,44,  a 
decline  of  $3,302,354.00. 

During  the  calandar  year  1881  the  deposits  and  i)urch;ises  of  domestic 
silver  were  $27,809,213.12,  while  during  the  fiscal  year  ended  flune  30, 
1882,  they  had  increased  to  $30,950,588.18,  a  gain  of  over  three  millions 
of  dollars;  but  the  exi)orts  of  domestic  silver,  which  in  the  calendar 
year  were  reported,  at  their  commercial  value,  at  $12,790,280,  were 
reduced  in  the  fiscal  year  to  $11,053,547,  a  decline  in  the  export  of 
domestic  silver  bullion,  computed  atits  coiningvalue,of  about  $1,300,000, 
leaving  the  net  gain  in  the  silver  i)roduction  for  the  year  over  that  of 
the  preceding  year  about  $1,700,000.  Making  allowance  for  the  same 
amount  of  domestic  undeposited  gold  and  silver  used  in  the  arts  (hiring 
the  fiscal  year  as  in  the  calendar  year,  the  total  produ(;tion  for  the  tiscal 
year  may  be  approximately  estimated  at  $31,500,000  for  gold  and 
$44,700,(300  for  silver. 

CONSUMPTION  OF  THE  PRECIOUS  METALS. 

As  the  in(]iniries  prosecuted  for  three  ^ears  to  ascertain  the  amount  of 
gold  and  silver  annually  used  in  the  United  States  in  manufactures,  the 
arts,  and  ornamentation  had  resulted  in  obtaining  for  the  year  1881 
sufticient  data  for  future  approximate  estimates,  no  circulars  were  sent 
for  obtaining  information  as  to  the  amount  used  during  the  last  fiscal 
year.  It  Avas  estimated  in  last  year's  report  that  there  were  annually 
consumed  in  the  United  States  for  industrial  purposes  $11,000,000  of 
of  gold  and  $0,000,000  of  silver,  of  which  amounts  $5,500,000  of  gold  and 
$5,000,000  of  silver  were  estimated  to  be  domestic  bullion. 

A  report  was  obtained,  as  usual,  from  the  New  York  Assay  Office, 
which  is  published  in  the  appendix,  and  shows  the  following  as  the 
amount  and  character  of  the  gold  and  siher  deposited  for  bars  to  bo 
sui)j)lied  to  manufacturers: 


Bars  furnished  to  maiiufacturers. 


Of  United  States  coin 

Of  foreign  coin 

Of  forciiin  Vnillion 

Of  plate,  A.C 

Of  domestic  bullion  . . 

Total 


Gold. 

Silver. 

Total  cold 
and  silver. 

$4!i,  Ml  06 
5S2, 1.34  28 
84:i,  -2^1  -26 
(i90,  OGo  81 
5,  200,  075  85 

$1.5,8ii7  7:i 
154,  522  07 
102,  22<>  .■i.") 
191,  719  3H 
.5,444,111  10 

$61,  378  79 

680,  670  35 

1,  035,  507  61 

881.783  14 

10,  6.J0, 187  01 

7,317,086  26  i  5.998,446  64     13,315,532  90 


The  statement  shows  that  the  bars  prepared  and  delivered  for  the 
use  of  manufacturers  exceeded  in  value  those  of  the  previous  year  by, 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OP  THE  TREASURY. 


195 


gold,  SI, 500,000,  and  silver,  $870,000;  and  that  the  increased  consump- 
tion consisted  of  gold  and  silver  of  domestic  production. 

For  the  fiscal  year  1882  the  consumption,  therefore,  of  the  precious 
metals  in  the  United  States  for  use  in  the  arts,  &c.,  probably  exceeded 
$12,000,000  of  gold  and  $7,000,000  of  silver,  of  which  $7,000,000  of  gold 
and  $0,000,000  of  silver  were  of  domestic  production. 

COIN   CIRCULATION  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

The  total  circulation  of  the  United  States  coin  amounted,  as  nearly 
as  can  be  ascertained,  on  the  1st  of  Julv,  1882,  to  $500,000,000  of  gold 
and  $200,000,000  of  silver,  a  total  of  $700,000,000. 

This  estimation  is  based  upon  the  gains  to  the  metallic  circulation  by 
coinage  less  recoinage,  and  imports  less  exports  of  United  States  coin 
since  1873,  at  wliich  time  1  estimated  the  circulation  of  United  States 
gold  coins  at  $135,000,000,  and  of  United  States  silver  coins  at  $5,000,000. 

The  (circulation  was  estimated  in  my  last  annual  report  to  have  been, 
on  the  30th  of  June.  1881,  $439,770,753  of  gold  and  $171,459,700  of  silver. 

During  the  year  $599,357  of  United  Stat«'S  gold  coin  and  $127,572  of 
United  States  silver  coin  were  dejiosited  at  the  mints  and  remelted. 

There  were  also  exported  of  United  States  gold  coin  $29,805,289,  and 
imi)orted  $4,790,030,  being  an  excess  of  exports  over  imports  of 
$25,'()8,059.  Of  silver  coin  the  imjjorts  were  $940,877,  and  the  exports 
8423,099,  being  an  excess  of  imports  over  exports  of  $517,778.  Sub- 
tracting from  the  total  gold  coinage  of  the  year  the  recoinage,  the  ex- 
cess of  exports  over  imports,  and  the  coins  used  in  the  arts,  not  depos- 
ited at  the  mints  or  assay  offices,  estimated  at  $2,700,000  (based  on  last 
year's  estimate  of  $3,300,000  as  the  total  consumption  of  such  coins), 
nuikes  the  gain  daring  the  year  in  United  States  gold  coin  $01,005,432, 
and  the  total  amount  in  the  country  on  the  1st  of  July,  1882, 
$500,882,185. 

In  like  manner,  subtracting  from  the  silver  the  deposits  for  recoinage, 
and  the  estima.ted  con8U*mj»tion  of  $00,000  nndeposited  silver  coins  used 
in  the  arts,  and  adding  tlie  excess  of  imports  over  exports,  nuikes  the 
gain  to  the  silver  cirenlation  during  tlie  year  $28,113,594,  and  the  total 
silver  circulation  of  United  States  sihcr  coin  on  the  1st  of  July,  1882, 
$199,573,300. 

The  following  table  shows  the  gain  during  the  year: 


Unitwl  StnteB  coin. 


Gold. 


Silver. 


Totjil- 


Circulation,  June  80,  IKS  1 $4:10,776,753     $171,  4,-.9,7C(5  |    $011,230,519 

Vfiu'HcoiiMfie,  less  (lii)(t«itfi  for  recoinage Bg,  Ml,  U'.U  I      :i7,  Cfo,  810         H8,4t)9,«u7 

Kxcnas  of  inipoi-te  over  pxports  I I  f'17,  778  |  517,  778 

Tnt.il 

Less  excess  of  exports  over  import «. 


KeiimiiKler 

Loss  iimounls  used  in  tho  artn. 

Circulation  July  1, 1882.. 


5-28,  590,  »44 
•Jfi,  OilH,  cr.9 


lun,  0:i3, 300 


728. 224,  204 
2S,  l»ti8,  8."i9 


503,  .'^^2,  IK") 
2.  700.  000 


109,  C:t3,  3fi0 
60.  000 


703,  215,  54.') 
2,  761).  000 


500.  882, 185 


199,  ri73,  300  I      700,455,545 


l^rom  the  Treasurer's  statements  of  the  amount  of  c<»in  in  the  Treas- 
ury, and  gold  and  silver  eertilicates  outstanding,  and  from  th(»  reports 
of  tlie  national  hanks  to  the  Comptrollerof  the  Currency,  and  ccrtiticates 
held  by  them,  it  would  ajtpear  tiiat  on  the  1st  of  July,  1.S82,  the  gohl  and 
silver  of  the  country,  «lo(lucting  fiom  the  amount  held  by  the  Trciisury 


196 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 


the  certificatos  onfstandiuj]^  and  counting  as  coin  tliose  held  by  banks 
and  in  cinniliitioii,  l)clong(?d  as  follows: 


Ut'longing  to— 


Tronsurv 

Nntioiiiii  hatikf 
Other  baiilts... 
Private  liauili). 


Total. 


Gold. 


*  $80,  935,  4S3 
1  103,  943,  999 

♦  20,  000,  000  ) 
H  290,  002,  783  ( 


Silver. 


Legal  tender.    Subeidiary. 


'  $32,  G47,  720 
:  4,  000,  000 


Total. 


$28,  048,  630       $60,  696. 356 
:  3,  750,  203  I      f  7,  750,  263 

32,497,054]      48,629,687       131,126,741 


Total  United 
StateH  gold 
and  Hilvor 
coins. 


*$147.631,83« 
1111,694,262 

11441,129,444 


500,882,185         119, 144, 780  |      80,428,580       199,573,360  1    700,455,545 


*  Lees  ont.standinK  certificates, 
t  Including  Treasury  certificates. 


t  Estimated. 

ii  Including  Treasury  certificates. 


Since  the  1st  of  July  and  up  to  October  1,  1882,  the  coinage  of  gold 
was  $13,339,863,  and  of  silver,  $6,915,185 ;  the  excess  of  exports  of  gold 
coin  over  imports  about  $3,031,012,  anil  of  imports  over  exports  of 
silver  coin,  $121,225;  leaving  the  circulation  on  the  1st  instant  of  United 
States  coins,  gold,  $512,191,036,  and  silver,  $206,609,770,  and  total  of 
$718,800,806,  as  appears  from  the  following  statement : 


Gold. 


SUver. 


Total. 


Cireulation  July  1,1882 

Coinage  to  October  1, 1882 

Excess  of  imports  over  exports  to  October  1, 1882 

Total 

*  Less  excess  of  exports  over  imports 


$500,  882, 185 
13,  339,  863 


$199,  573,  360   $700, 455,  545 

6,  915, 185    20, 265,  048 

121,225       121,225 


514, 222,  048   206,  604  770 
2,  031,  012 


Circulation  October  1,  1883. 


512, 191,  036       206,  609, 770 


720,831,818 
2,031,012 


718,  800, 806 


*  All  ports  for  July  and  August,  only  New  York  and  San  Francisco  for  September. 

Besides  this  amount  of  gold  and  silver  coin,  there  was  in  the  mints 
and  assay  offices  on  thS  1st  of  October,  deposited  or  purchased  for  coin- 
age, gold  bullion  of  the  value,  approximately,  of  $51,410,420,  and  silver 
bullion  costing  $3,343,565,  making  a  total  of  coin  and  bullion  belonging 
to  the  Uni'ted  States  and  awaiting  coinage,  of  gold,  $563,631,456,  and  of 
silver,  $209,953,335,  a  total  of  $773,584,791. 

TOTAL  CIRCULATION  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


The  total  paper  and  metallic  circulation  of  the  United  States  in  Gen- 
eral Table  No.  XXXI,  showing  the  circulation  of  the  various  countries 
of  the  world,  is  given  for  October  1,  1882,  as  $793,074,878  paper,  and 
$773,585,790  metallic,*  a  total  of  $1,566,659,668,  being  a  per  cainta  of 
$15.81  paper  and  $15.42  metallic. 

The  paper  circulation  of  the  United  States  in  that  table  includes 
United  States  notes,  national-bank  notes,  and  gold  and  silver  certifi- 
cates, fractional  currency  to  the  amount  of  $7,028,078,  omitting  the  small 
amounts  of  unredeemed  legal  tender,  demand,  and  interest-bearing  notes, 
which  are  seldom  if  ever  seen  in  active  circulation. 

As  only  a  portion  of  the  paper  and  metallic  money  is  in  actual  circu- 
lation, in  Table  XXXII  the  Treasury  and  bank  metallic  reserves-are 

*Tbe  figures  given  for  the  metallic  circulatiou  include  tlie  bullion  in  the  mints  and 
assay  oflices. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


197 


stated;  but  tbe  actual  active  circulation  on  the  1st  day  of  July  in  the 
possession  of  the  general  public  is  to  be  reduced  by  the  amounts  of 
paper  held  at  that  date  by  the  Treasury  aiirl  banks,  which  is  shown  in 
the  following  table,  compiled  in  tliis  Bureau  from  the  bank  and  Treasury 
statements  ])repared  by  the  Comptroller  of  the  Currency  and  the  Treas- 
urer of  the  United  States: 

State  of  circulation  July  1, 1882. 


In  Treasury. 

In  banks. 

In  active  cir- 
culation. 

. 

Total. 

$56,  541,  887 

3,  230,  908 

91,  964,  5(i3 

87,153,816 

28,  04S,  631 

8,100 

11,590.620 

34.  670,  589 

6,  277,  247 

17,  75^ 

• 

$50,  541,  887 

3,  230, 908 

$99,  503,  599 

3,  200, 000 
3..  696, 223 

4,  440,  400 
8.54,  040 

64.  019,  518 

27,  740,  295 

373,  725 

$309.  3.''>4,  082 

28,  790,  964 

48,  683,  726 

588.620 

53,  652,  050 

24f ,  990,  909 

324,  6.16, 458 

6,  655.  708 

500,  822. 184 

119,144,780 

80,  428,  580 

Gold  cert i ficates 

5,  037, 120 

Silver  certificates 

66,  096,  710 

Uiiitcd  States  notes 

Nationalbauk  notes 

346,  681,  010 
358,  680,  OOO 

Fractional  cuircuoy 

7,  047, 347 

Total 

319,  504,  035 

203,  833,  800 

1, 020,  372,  577 

1,  543,  710, 432 

The  character  and  possession  of  the  paper  and  specie  ciiculation  of 
the  United  States  at  the  commencement  of  the  fiscal  year  appears  in 
the  following  table,  prepared  from  the  same  sources  of  inibrmation : 

State  of  circulatioti  July  1,  1881, 


In  Treaaiuy. 

In  bank. 

In  active  cir- 
culation. 

TotaL 

Gold  bullion        

$89,  017, 716 

3,  309,  949 

74, 153,  945 

62,  544,  722 

27, 247,  697 

23.  400 

12,  056,  801 

30,  204,  092 

5,  296,  382 

53. 159 

$89, 017,  710 

$il6,'673,'27tV 

3,  000,  UOO 

3, 482,  561 

5, 137,  500 

945,  590 

58,  728,  713 

27,  932,  850 

372, 140 

$249,' 549,"  532' 

25,  827,  983 

49,  35C,  803 

622, 020 

38, 165,  139 

257,748,211 

321,812,708 

6,  680.  654 

,     3,  309,  949 
439,  776,  753 

'    91,  372,  705 

80,  087, 061 

Gold  certificiitPs    

.■;,  782,  920 
51,166,530 

346,  681,  016 

National-bank  notes 

35.5,  042.  000 

Fitictional  currency 

7, 105, 953 

Total 

303,  900,  863 

215,  672,  630 

949.  343.  603 

1, 469,  342, 603 

By  comparing  the  foregoing  tables  for  1881  and  1882  it  will  be  seen: 

1st.  That  of  the  74J  millions  of  paper  and  metallic  circulation  gaine<l 
to  the  total  circulation  the  Treasury  received  loh  millions,  the  peoi>Ie 
gained  71  millions,  and  the  banks  lx>st  11. J  millions. 

2d.  That  of  the  (U  millions  of  dollars  of  gold  coin  gained  to  the  circu- 
lation the  Trtnisury,  in  reducifig  its  stock  of  gold  bullion,  retained 
nearly  IS  millions  of  the  resulting  gold  coin  and  reduced  the  outstand- 
ing gold  certilicates  $750,000,  while  the  national  banks  lost  $10,500,000 
in  gold  ccrin  and  nearly  $700,000  of  gold  certitieates,  and  the  general 
public  gained  $00,000,000. 

3d.  That  as  to  the  silver  circulation,  the  silver  dollars  and  silver  cer- 
tificates in  the  hands  of  the  public,  including  the  banks,  at  the  clo.se  of 
the  fiscal  year,  were  over  $18,000,000  more  tliau  at  its  commencement, 
while  the  silver  coin  in  the  Treasury  not  represented  by  outstanding 
certificates  increased  $24,000,000. 


198  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

COURSE  OF  PRICES  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  1881-1882,    * 

The  ])ri(;c8  of  doinCHtic  exports,  as  indicated  by  an  avera^^o  of  the 
values  declared  at  the  custom-honse,  shows  an  advance  of  7  per  cent,  on 
the  exi)ort  prices  of  the  previous  year.  The  advance  was  ])rincipally  in 
the  i)rices  of  food  exports,  such  as  breadstuiis,  provisions,  live  aniuials, 
&c.,  which  constituted  in  value  a  large  portion  of  the  total  exports. 

The  prices  of  1882,  however,  remained  below  the  currency  prices  of 
exports  in  1870,  being"  an  average  of  84  per  cent,  of  the  average  de- 
clared i)riccs  of  the  principal  commodities  in  the  latter  year.  As 
United  States  notes  were  at  that  period  at  a  discount  of  13  i)er  cent., 
the  prices  of  the  exports  in  1882  were  3  per  cent,  below  the  currency 
prices  of  1870,  reduced  to  the  gold  standard.  A  table  is  also  inserted 
containing  the  average  yearly  prices  in  the  New  York  market  for  the 
calendar  years  1880  and  1881  of  a  large  number  of  staple  articles,  and 
the  comparative  percentage  of  such  prices  for  the  year  1881,  on  their 
prices  for  the  year  1880,  and  on  their  average  i)rices  for  the  preceding 
fifty-six  years.  The  quotations  for  the  last  two  years  have  been  com- 
piled semi- weekly  from  the  New  York  Shipping  and  Commercial  List,  tak- 
ing for  each  article,  as  far  as  i)racticable,  the  same  grade  and  quality 
as  that  used  in  preparing  the  table  for  my  last  report.  The  average  of 
the  percentages  of  the  jirices  of  1881  compared  with  the  prices  of  1880 
and  -with  the  average  prices  for  the  fifty-six  preceding  years  also  indi- 
cate an  advance  in  prices  averaging  on  the  prices  of  the  same  articles 
for  the  previous  year  of  10.6  i)er  cent.,  and  on  their  average  prices  for 
fifty-six  years  of  2.7  per  cent. 

MONETARY  STATISTICS  OF  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 

Additional  replies  to  those  published  in  my  last  and  previous  annnal 
reports  have  been  received  from  our  representatives  abroad,  containing 
valuable  information  in  relation  to  the  monetary  statistics  of  foreign 
countries,  and  are  given  in  full  in  the  ai)pendix.  The  information  which 
they  contain  has  enabled  me  to  correct  the  tables  of  circulation,  coin- 
age, and  production  to  later  dates. 

A  condensed  statement  of  the  contents  of  these  papers  and  of  the 
monetary  condition  of  the  countries  to  which  they  respectively  relate 
may  be  found  useful,  and  is  herewith  submitted: 

GREAT  BRITAIN  AND   COLONIES. 

Great  Britain  and  Ireland. — ^The  report  of  Mr.  C.  W.  Fremantle,  the 
deputy  master  of  the  royal  mint  of  Great  Britain,  was  received  at  my 
office,  aiul  found  to  contain,  as  usual,  much  important  information,  not 
only  in  regard  to  tlie  coinage  of  the  mints  of  the  British  Empire,  but  of 
the  operations  of  the  mints  in  other  countries. 

From  his  report  it  appears  that  no  gold  coinage  wa«  executed  during 
the  year  1881  in  Great  Britain,  but  the  silver  coinage  exceeded  that  of 
any  previous  year  excej^t  1872  and  1873,  and  amounted  to  £997,128, 
equal  to  $4,852,523,  of  which  £140,175  were  transmitted  to  the  British 
colonies  to  rophice  £07, 543  IGs.  ijd.  of  worn  coin  withdraAvn.  The  new 
silver  coins  sent  to  the  colonies  in  1880  amounted  to  £308,940,  equal 
to  $1,503,457,  and  the  worn  silver  coin  withdrawn  to  £80,425,  e<pial  to 
$420,587.  The  total  amount  of  worn  coin  withdrawn  from  circulation 
during  the  year  1881  in  the  kingdom  was  £340,280,  equal  to  $1,050,002. 
The  value  of  the  bronze  coinage,  pence,  half-pence,  and  farthings,  at  its 
nominal  value,  was  £23,405,  equal  to  $113,900. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


199 


For  the  use  of  the  treasury  chests  abroad  iu  1881  there  were  shipped 
384,400  sovereigns  and  half  sovereigns,  equal  to  $1,870,083;  £12,040  in 
siher,  equal  to  $58,593;  and  £00  in  bronze  pence  and  half  pence. 

The  averajrc  price  paid  for  silver  during  the  year  was  51\^d.  per 
ounce  (British  standard),  while  the  average  market  jirice  was  ol'^d.,  and 
the  seigniorage  accruing  was  14-j%d.  per  ouuce,  or  27^  per  cent.,  amount- 
ing to  £160,823,  equal  to  $811,844. 

The  im])orts  and  exports  of  gold  aud  silver  for  the  last  live  years 
were  as  follows : 

SILVER. 


Importa. 

Exporta. 

1877 *. 

£20.  000,  000 

11.000,000 

10,  500,  000 

0,  500,  000 

6, 7U0,  000 

£19,000,000 
11,250,000 
11  000  000 

1878 

1878 

1880 

7,  250,  000 
7,  000,  000 

1881 

GOLD. 

1877 

1878 

1879 

1880 

1681 


£15,000,000 

21,  000, 000 

13,  250,  000 

9, 000,  000 

10,  000,  000 


£20,  000,  000 

14,  000. 000 

18,  fm,  000 

11,  600, 000 

15,  500,  000 


Showing  a  net  loss  to  the  country  in  1881  of  gold  £5,500,000,  equal  to 
$20,750,000,  and  of  silver,  £300,000,  equal  to  $1,400,000. 

The  amount  of  circulatiou,  including  bank  reserves,  is  reported  by 
our  minister  as — 

Gold £121,0:^,000        $591,912,395 

8ilv«>r 19,03(1,000  92,6:^8,694 

Paper 42,:]99,0U0  20(3,334,733 

William  King,  esq.,  the  consul  of  the  United  States  at  Birmingham, 
forwards,  under  date  of  July  11),  1882,  an  interesting  report  on  the* 
assay  otMce  at  that  city,  established  in  1873  for  the  i)nrpose  of  assaying 
and  stami)ing  with  otlicial  marks  articles  of  Jewelry,  &c. 

India. — IMr.  C.  0.  Bancroft,  acting  vice  consul-general  of  the  United 
States  at  Calcutta,  forwards,  under  date  of  September  10,  1881,  a  reply 
from  the  secretary  of  the  government  for  India  to  certain  inqnirios  con- 
tained in  a  circular  of  this  de])artment. 

The  coinage  for  the  year  1879  and  1880  is  given  as  follows,  to  wit: 

JtiipecH. 

Gold 147,:{00  $54,447 

Silver 71,bO:{,:{or        28,013,290 

The  gold  coinage  is  probably  given  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  IMarcli 
31,  1880,  and  the  silver  coinage  for  the  calendar  year  ended  Deci-mber 
31,  1880.  The  net  gain  of  coin  and  bullion  l)y  imports  for  the  calendar 
year  1880  is  stated  as — 

Ktipecs. 

Gold 33, 142,.''>:58      J12.92.'.,r.90 

Kilvtr .'■>0,  4('0,  .'■.02         19,  679,  .'.96 

The  ciiciilation  of  silver  coin  is  given  as  from  $250,000,00(>  to 
$.^jOO,000,0«»<>i  witli  57,270,495  rupees=$22,;i;{5,493  of  silver  coin  in  the 
Treasury,  and  0,905,525  rupees=$2,093,155  in  banks,  and  the  govern- 
ernment  i)aper  outstanding  on  JJeceml>er  31,  1S80,  as  143,208,!)25  ru- 
pees=$55,874,88(>. 


200 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 


Tlic  silvor  coin  in  circulation  has  l)ccn  cstimatefi,  lor  reasons  and  upon 
data  given  in  my  previous  reports,  at  more  than  double  the  amount 
stated  by  Mr.  IJancroft. 

Australasia. — U.  iVI.  Spencer,  consul-general  at  Melbourne,  furnishes 
an  important  rei)ort  on  the  production,  consumption,  and  movement  of 
the  precious  metals  in  Australia. 

During-  the  year  1881  the  gold  coined  in  Melbourne  and  Svdney  mints 
is  stated  as  £4,047,002=$19,690,115. 

The  gold  exported  from  the  diUerent  provinces  in  1880  exceeded  the 
imports  by  £3,200,774=:$15,8G8,5nG,  while  the  stock  of  silver  the  same 
year  was  increased  by  a  net  gain  from  imports  of  £180,085= §900,582. 

The  product  of  the  mines  for  1880  was  as  follows  : 

Gold £5,910,819        $28,765,001 

Silver 4H,67:i  197,935 

The  condition  of  the  banks  on  December  31,  1880,  is  shown  by  the 
following  statement : 

Goldandsilver  coin £11,475,294        |55,844,518 

Gold  and  silver  bullion h04,699  3,9r(j,068 

Notesin  circulation 4,405,276  21,438,276 

G.  W.  Griffin,  United  States  consul  at  Auckland,  furnishes  the  fol- 
lowing statement  of  the  production  and  exportation  of  gold  from  Ifew 
Zealand  since  the  discovery  of  that  metal  in  1857 : 


1857 $202,210 

1858 -^2,215 

1859 142,135 

1860 87,925 

1861 5,763,285 

1862 7,956,945 

1863 12,158,615 

1864 9,289,235 

1865 11,132,370 

1866 14,222,585 

1867 13,501,375 

1868 12,521,630 


1869 $11,814,975 

1870 10,587,925 

1871 13,937,600 

1872 8,654,960 

1873 9,937,125 

1874 7,526,655 

1675 7,038,850 

1876 6,342,795 

1877 7,480,400 

1878 6.200,395 

1H79 5,993,205 

1860  (to  June  30,  1880) 2, 996, 000 


British  Guiana. — The  United  States  consul  at  Demarara  writes  that 
no  mines  of  gold  or  silver  exist  in  that  colony,  and  that  it  has  no  mint. 

The  value  of  the  bullion  imported  during  the  year  was  $95,702,  and 
of  that  exported  $11,421. 

The  principal  coins  in  circulation  are  British  silver,  but  American  gold 
and  Spanish  doubloons  also  circulate. 

The  outstanding  paper  circulation  of  the  two  banks  of  the  colony  on 
the  31st  of  December,  1880,  is  estimated  at  $691,790. 


Our  minister  at  Paris  furnishes,  under  date  of  July  8, 1882,  very  com- 
plete statistics  from  the  minister  of  linance,  touching  the  monetary 
affairs  of  France. 

The  coinage  for  the  year  was — 

Francs. 

Gold 2,167,000  §418,231 

Silver 6,733,445  1,299,554 

The  gain  in  gold  bullion  by  imports  during  the  year  amounted  to 
33.638,040  francs,  but  there  was  a  loss  by  export  of  23,453,920  francs  In 
gold  coin,  leaving  a  net  gain  to  the  country  in  gold  of  10,184,120  francs 
=$1,965,553. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     201 

In  silver  tliere  was  a  gain  during  the  year  of  both  coin  and  bullion  as 

follovv'S : 

Francs. 

Coin 2U,  019,  S'^O        !^X  Hft^  82,'. 

Bullion :W,  8^4,9/4  r.,%0,60U 

The  amount  of  ca.sh  in  the  Bank  of  France  on  December  29, 1881,  was, 
A'old,  655,696,391.18  francs=d'126,549;403;  silver,  l,161,468,i;{().ll  francs 
=$224,163,349,  an  aggregate  of  1,817,164,521.24  francs =$350, 7 12, 752, 
and  the  i)aper  circulation  outstanding  at  the  same  date  was  2,778,428,840 
francs= $536,236,766. 

.SWITZERLAND. 

In  th<;  dispatch  of  Minister  Cramer,  the  gain  in  theprecions  metals  by 
excess  of  im])ortation  into  Switzerland  during  the  year  1881  is  stated  a.s — 

Kilograms. 

Gold 2,200        81,4f.2,120 

Silver 103,:?00  4,293,148 

The  circulation  of  bank  notes  amounted  on  December  31,  1881,  to 
109,867,000  francs=$21,204,331,  and  the  coin  in  the  Federal  Treasury 
was  at  the  same  time  as  follows : 

Fra  ncK. 

Gold 1,324,000        $255,532 

Silver 462,000  89,166 

The  Belgian  government  transmits,  under  date  of  April  4  of  the 
present  year,  three  responses  of  the  different  bureaus  of  the  govern- 
ment to  the  circular  of  this  deparfment. 

No  gold  was  coined  in  either  1880  or  1881  for  the  home  government, 
but  3,261.457  kilograms=$135,546  were  coined  into  fractional  silver  in 
1880,  and  915.676  kilograms=$38,055  in  1881. 

There  was  coined  for  the  republic  of  Venezuela,  during  the  vear  1880, 
487.547  kilograms  of  gold=$324,024,  into  20-Bolivar  pieces. 

The  imi>orts  and  exports  for  the  two  yeais  are  given  as  follows : 

KUojramg. 

1880.  Iinpoite,  jjtold, 1,259  ^S.36,731 

1880.  Imports,  silver 29,(>49  1,2:{2,212 

1881.  Ijiiiiorts,  gold 488  324,325 

1881.  Imports,  silver U2,21l  4,r)t)3,489 

1880.  Exports,  gold 149  99,02:. 

1880.  Exports,  silver 1,011  42.017 

1881.  Exports,  gold 26  17,280 

I88I.  Exports,  silver 80,293        3,336,^77 

The  gold  and  silver  used  in  manufactures,  jnesented  for  stamping  at 
the  bureau  of  guaiant<ie  during  18S0,  amount«'d  to  32  kilograms  of  gold 
=  $21,267,  and  2,193  kilograms  of  silver  =  $91,141,  which  does  not  in- 
clude that  used  in  the  arts. 

The  circulation  on  December  31,  1881,  was  estimated  to  be  about 
533,823,529  francs  in  gold  =  $103,027,941 ;  in  silver,  275,0(M),0(K)  francs  = 
$53,075,000,  besides  32,780,000  =  $6,326,540  in  fractional  .silver  coins, 
and  354,753,070  francs  in  paper  =  $()8,467,4(;2. 

In  addition  to  these  amounts  the  banks  held  a  reserve  in  gold,  amount- 
ing to  77,394,960  francs  =  $14,937,227,  and  18,982,000  francs  in  silver  = 
$3,663,526. 

I'RAI.Y. 

The  chargf)  d'affaires  of  the  United  States  at  Home  foiwards,  under 
date  of  July  14  of  the  present  year,  an  original  report  from  the  Italian 
minister  of  the  treasury  in  regard  to  the  monetary  atiairs  of  that  king- 
dom. 


202  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

The  coinage  for  the  year  1880  was,  gold,  2,590,000  lire  =  $499,997; 
no  silver  wiis  coined  (luring  the  year. 
For  1881  the  coinage  was  as  follows : 

Lire. 

Gold 1G,8G0,5C0        $3,253,988 

Silver 8,281,588  1,598,346 

The  imports  and  exports  during  the  year  1880  were  as  follows : 

Lire. 

Goldimports 8,824,280  $1,703,086 

Silver  iui])ovt3 23,377,000  4,511,877 

Gold  exports 7,.%l,7G0  1,459,420 

Silver  exports 12,291,120  2,372,186 

The  aggregate  coinage  from  1802  to  1880,  inclusive,  amounted  to — 

Lire. 

Gold 25.5,134,980        §49,241,0.51 

Silver 520,637,025        100,482,946 


The  paper  circulation  December  31,  1881,  was- 

;ate  notes 

aiik  notes 

The  reserves  held  December  31, 1881,  were- 


Lire. 

State  notes 940,000,000        $181,420,000 

Banknotes 735,579,107  141,906,767 


Lire. 

In  banks : 

Gold : 71,'304,720          $13,761,811 

Silver 63,573,305            12,269,648 

Treasury : 

Gold 7,654,370              1,477,293 

Silver 32,707,024             6,312,456 

The  following,  on  the  resumption  of  specie  payments  by  the  Italian 
Government,  is  taken  from  tbe  London  Economist  of  May  13,  1882: 

Some  attempts  have  been  made  to  calculate  the  amount  of  coined  gold  and  silver 
■which  will  exist  iu  the  country  at  the  time  of  the  resumption  of  specie  payments. 
The  followiug  data  may,  perhajis,  be  considered  approximate: 

Fiancs. 

In  Treasury : 

Gold 5r>0,OUO,000  $106,150,000 

Five-franc,  silver 100,000,000  19,300,000 

Fractional  silver  currency 95, 000,  OOO  18,  335,  000 

In  banks: 

Gold 110,000,000  21,230,000 

Five-franc  silver  pieces 15,000,000  2,895,000 

FrJictional  silver  currency 51,000,000  9,843,000 

In  the  country: 

Gold 90,000,000  17,370,000 

Five-franc  silver  pieces 100,000,1)00  19,300,000 

Fractional  silver  currency 10,000,000  1,930,000 

Or  a  grand  total  of  1,121,000,000  francs  of  coin,  in  addition  to  340,000,000  of  state 
notes,  and  750,000,000  of  legal-tender  bank  notes. 

The  government  is  at  present  taking  back  from  France  the  last  installment  of  silver 
fractional  currency  of  a))out  16,000,000  francs,  paying  for  it  in  live-franc  silver  pieces. 
The  amount  of  tive-franc  silver  pieces  coined  b}'  iTalv  is  estimated  at  380,000,000 
franca,  of  which  it  is  believed  about  160,000,000  or  l?5O,6O0,O00  will  be  out  of  Italy  at 
the  time  of  the  resHimptiou  of  specie  jtayments.  There  is,  besides,  in  the  country  .a 
large  amount  of  old  silver  money  coined  by  the  past  governments,  and  which  it  would 
be  rather  dittlcult  to  estimate.  The  government  has  lately  tried  to  issue  some  small 
quantity  of  silver  i)ieces  of  50  centimes  (.5d),  but  they  were  immediately  hoarded  for 
tlie  payment  of  custom  duties.  This  would  have  caused  a  scarcity  of  change  were  it 
not  for  the  large  tiuantity  of  heavy  coi)per  money. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OP  THE  TREASURY.     203 

SPAIN. 

The  dispatch  from  Hon.  Dwight  T.  Heed,  of  the  United  States  lega- 
tion at  Madrid,  under  date  of  September  10,  1881,  contains  the  follow- 
ing inforniation  relative  to  the  finances  of  Spain  for  the  year  1880.  The 
coinage  executed  was  as  follows : 

Pesetas. 

Gold 171, 57:},  (J75        $33,113,719 

Silver 1,393,551  2(te,955 

The  net  loss  of  gold  coin  by  export  was  9,110,484  pesetas  =  $1,758,323, 
while  there  was  a  gain  in  silver  coin  of  3,528,002  =  §081,032. 

There  were  74,500  kilograms  of  silver  produced  from  the  mines  of 
Spain  daring  the  year,  valned  at  $3,000,220.  The  coin  in  the  Treasury 
on  December  31,  1880,  is  reported  to  have  been : 

Gold 4,017,817  $775,444 

Silver lU, 4(35, 920  2,019,923 

PORTUGAL. 

A  communication  from  Minister  Moran,  dated  December  28, 1881,  con- 
tains the  following  statistics  regarding  the  coinage,  &c.,  of  Portugal 
during  the  year  1880: 

Kilograms. 

Gold  coinage -- 524.775        §348,765 

Silver  coinage '-....  3,500.768  145,492 

The  imports  and  exports  for  the  same  year  are  given  as  follows : 

Milreia. 

Imports : 

Gold 2,573,^01        §2,779,705 

Silver 43,686               47,181 

Exports : 

Gold 28,231                30,489 

Silver 30,  .588               .3:?,0:J5 

Showing  a  net  gain  in  gold  of  $2,749,210.  and  in  silver  of  $14,140. 

GKIiMANV. 

Hon.  n.  Sidney  Everett  furnishes,  under  date  of  September  12,  1881, 
a  statement  of  the  gold  imports  and  exi>orts  of  Germany  tor  the  year 

1880: 

Kiloftrnmi. 

IiiiportH H,025        §5,333,415 

Exports 11,254  7,47.9,408 

Showing  a  net  loss  to  Germany  during  the  year  named  by  export  of 
$2,145,993  in  gold. 

AUSTRIA-HUNG  AUY. 

Tlie  lion.  William  Walter  PIiclps,  onr  minister  to  Austria,  has  for- 
warded two  disi)atches,  under  dates  of  November  29,  18S1,  juid  .Innc  21, 
1882,  containing  very  comjjlete  information  in  relation  to  the  monetary 
affairs  of  the  Austro-IIungarian  Empire. 

The  coinage  for  1880  is  given  a**: 

Vionii.a  mint,  f^old... florins..     2,.'')85,7n6  $l,247,2fi4 

Hungiirian  niinti  gold kilogiauis..   l,l504.U7HI  1,  UH, '.»91 

Vieuuii  mint,  si  Ivor Ilorins..     6,810,782  2,765, 177 

Hungarian  uiint,  silver kilogiuiuH..  42,384.644  1,761,506 


204 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    Till: 


And  for  the  year  1881 : 

Florins. 

Vienna  mint,  gjold 4, 147,  4cU 

Vienna  mint,  silver 0,67:3,482 


$2, 000, 584 
2,709,434 


The  imports  and  exports  for  1880  and  1881  were  as  follows : 

1880.  Imports:  Florins. 

Gold 21,35.''>,000      $10,300,584 

Silver 6.965,217          2,827,678 

1681.  Imports: 

Gold 19,798,000          9,  .549, 565 

Silver 13,034,447          5,291,985 

1880.  Exports: 

Gold 3,277,900  1,581,095 

SUver 15,342,3.51  6,228,995 

1881.  Exports: 

Gold 2,192,350  1,057,4«0 

Silver 269,836  109,553 

Showing  a  net  gain  by  imports  in  the  two  years  of  gold  $17,211,574, 
and  of  $1,781,315  in  silver. 
The  production  of  the  precious  metals  during  the  same  years  was : 

Kilograms. 

Au.stria,  188'J,  gold 43  $28,.578 

Hungary,  1880,  gold 1,604  1,066,018 

Austria,  1881,  gold ^ 1,867  1,240,808 

Austria,  1880,  silver 30",257  1,257,481 

Hungary,  1880,  silver 17,743  737,399 

Austria,  1881,  silver 31,359  1,30,3,280 

An  aggregate  of 5,633,564 

The  paper  circulation  of  the  empire  on  the  31st  of  December,  1881,  is 
given  as  stat«  notes,  320,434,947  florins=$130,096,000,  and  Austro-Hun- 
garian  Bank  notes  (legal  tender),  354,287,560  florins=$  143,836,000.  The 
cash  reserve  in  the  treasury  and  in  Austro-Huugarian  Bank  at  the  date 
mentioned  was : 

In  treasuries:  Florins. 

Gold  coin 6,000,000  $2,894,U0O 

Silver  soin 14,000,000  5,684,000 

Anstro-Hungarian  Bank : 

Gold  coin 68,725,532  33,159,760 

Silver  coin 122,130,827  49,585,116 

The  following  comi:)arative  table  of  imports  and  exports  of  gold  aad 
silver  from  Austro- Hungary  during  the  years  1881-'82  is  from  the  London 
Economist  of  Julj'  22,  1882,  and  is  for  the  year  ending  April  30 : 


Gold 

Gold  coiu . . 

Silver 

Silver  coin . 


Imports. 


1881.  1882. 


£7, 116 
272,  883 
185,  95(5 
150,183 


Total 


£2,250 

260,516 

18.304 

18,435 


Exports. 


1881.     I        1882. 


£496  £200 

62, 108  I  274, 534 

400  I 

7,  670  ,      2,  929, 400 


C16, 138  I      290,  505        70,  674         3,  204, 134 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


205 


The  following-  statistics  in  relation  to  the  diaiti  of  jrokl  from  Kussia, 
compiled  from  the  annual  report  of  the  Russian  customs  dei)artment, 
are  taken  from  the  London  Economist  of  April  8,  1882 : 


Tears. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


Ifi75. 
1876. 
1877. 
1SV8. 
1879. 
1880. 
1881. 


$3, 816, 400 
."!,  092,  600 
6,711,600 

10,  462,  200 
9, 146,  200 
7,  501,  200 
4, 474,  400 


Escess  of  exports. 


45,  204,  600 


$18,  095,  000 
67,  :)76,  600 
12, 238,  800 
8,  751,  400 
5,  H.'iC,  200 
17,305,400 
44,  612,  400 


174,  435,  800 
46,  204,  600 


129,  231,  200 


XOnAV.W   .\XT>   SWKDEX. 

Hon.  Joliu  L.  Stevens,  in  a  communication  dated  September  9,  1881, 
furnishes  two  official  dispatches,  which  contain  valuable  statistical  in- 
formation relating  to  the  finances  of  this  kingdom.  The  coinage  of 
1880  (calendar  year)  was — 

Kilograms. 

Norway,  silver 12  $499 

Sweden,  Bilver .5,368  22:3,094 

Sweden,  gold 1,133  752,992 

The  importation  into  Norway  during  the  year  amounted  to,  gold  and 
silver,  2,483,000  crowns=$6(>r),414;  the  exports  for  the  same  period 
were,  gold  and  silver,  753,800  crowns=$202,018;  showing  a  net  gain  in 
both  metals  of  $403,426. 

The  imports  and  exi)orts  of  Sweden  are  given  as  follows: 

Imports ;  KiloKrams. 

Gold 4,730  $3,143,.')oB 

Silver 3,74S  155, 7h7 

Exports : 

Gold .'>7  37,882 

Silver 586  24,354 

The  production  of  the  mines  is  given  as — 

Kilogmms. 

Norway,  silver 4,436  $184,360 

Sweden,  silver 1,312  54,527 

Sweden,  gold 5  3,323 

The  circulation  of  Norway  on  the  31st  of  December,  1880,  was  about 
24,000,0(M)  crowns  rn  };()ld  =  80,332,000;  4,000,000  crowns  in  silver= 
$1,072,000,  and  38,714,000  crowns  in  pap('r=$10,37."i,3r)2;  and  most  ot 
the  gold  was  held  by  the  liank.s  and  the  public  treasury. 

The  circulation  of  Sweden  at  the  same  date  is  stated  as  follows: 

('lOWIlB. 

Gold .Sr>00,(H)0  $1,474,000 

SilvQT 11,000,000  2,iM'<,000 

Paper 89.635,440  24,022,298 

With  bank  reserves  amounting  to  $6,330,315  in  gold,  and  $1,481,572  in 
silver. 

DK.NMAlUi. 

Henry  B.  Ryder,  United  States  consul  at  (Copenhagen,  forwards  two 
dispatches,  under  date  of  ^larch  9  and  May  23  of  the  present  year,  in 
relation  to  the  Kingdom  of  Denmark. 


200  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 

No  coin  a  go,  was  ex(M:iito<l  diirinff  the  y  ears  1880  anrl  1881.  Tho  im- 
poi-tation  of  p)ld  in  1880  is  stated  as  about  13,000,000  crown8= 
$3,484,000.     The  amount  exported  is  not  given. 

In  1881  there  was  a  loss  through  exeess  of  exports  of  gold  of  about 
2,500,000  croAvns=$G70,000. 

The  circulation  is  estimated  at  the  close  of  the  year  1881  to  have 
been,  of  gold,  8,000,000  crowns=$2,144,000,  with  29,000,000  crowns 
=$7,772,000  in  the  national  bank;  of  silver,  15,350,000  crowns=84,113,- 
800,  and  2,800,000  crowns  =  $750,400  in  the  bank;  and  of  bank  notes 
outstanding  75,219,280  crowns=$20,158,767. 


General  Wallace  forwards,  under  date  of  the  14th  of  June  of  the 
present  year,  a  dispatcli  in  relation  to  the  financial  condition  of  the 
Ottoman  Empire,  from  which  it  would  appear  that  it  is  almost  impossi- 
ble to  obtain  any  reliable  information  in  relation  to  the  monetary  affairs 
of  that  country,  for  the  reasons  that  no  statistics  are  kept,  and  that  both 
the  government  and  banks  are  solicitous  to  conceal  their  affairs.  He 
gives  the  product  of  the  two  lead  mines  worked  by  the  government, 
fiom  1880  to  June,  1882,  as  557,092  drams  in  silver=$71,441,  and  2,307  in 
gold =$4,918. 

The  paper  money  known  as  "  Caim6"  has  been  mostly  withdrawn  from 
circulation,  for  the  reason  that  no  one  would  accept  it. 

JAPAN. 

The  annual  report  of  the  commissioner  of  the  imperial  mint  of  Japan 
for  the  year  ending  June  30,  1881,  has  been  received,  and  shows  the  im- 
ports of  gold  and  silver  to  have  been — 

Ounces. 

Gold 25,063  $518,052 

Silver 4,331,834  4,981,609 

The  coinage  of  gold  was  confined  to  5-yen  pieces,  and  of  silver  to 
1-yen  pieces,  as  follows :  Gold,  98,117  pieces,  valued  at  $490,585 ;  silver, 
5,089,113  pieces,  valued  at  $4,514,043. 

Of  copper  coins  73,841.406  pieces  were  struck  of  a  tale  value  of 
1,112,624  yens=$986,897.5. 

SANDWICH  ISLANDS. 

An  extract  from  a  dispatch  from  Mr.  Comly,  minister  to  the  Hawaiian 
Islands,  states  that  no  mines  or  mints  exist  in  those  islands ;  that  busi- 
ness is  conducted  on  a  silver  basis,  and  that  the  principal  coins  in  cir- 
culation are  United  States  trade  dollars  and  French  five-franc  pieces. 

CHINA. 

Hon.  Joseph  B.  Augell,  minister  to  Cliina,  states  in  his  dispatch  that 
the  Chinese  Government  collects  no  statistics  in  relation  to  its  monetary 
affairs. 

MEXICO. 

Minister  Morgan  forwards  two  dispatches — one  under  date  of  Feb- 
ruary 8,  1882,  and  the  other  June  29,  1882 — relative  to  the  coinage  and 
movement  of  gold  and  silver  in  Mexico.  The  importation  of  gold  is 
stated  as  very  inconsiderable,  being  principally  that  brought  by  indi- 
viduals to  defray  their  personal  expenses. 

The  ex])ortation  of  gold  during  the  fiscal  year  1880  amounted  to 
$1,401,382,  and  of  silver  to  $20,137,932,  besides  $490,437  in  ores. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     207 

The  circulation  of  the  country  is  composed  principally  of  silver,  gold 
forming  not  more  than  5  per  cent,  of  the  entire  amount. 

The  general  government  has  issued  no  pa])er  money. 

The  coinage  for  the  tiscal  year  1881,  was,  gold,  $138,778;  silver,  $24,139, 
023.60. 

The  El  Minero  Mexicano,  of  April  13,  1882,  publishes  the  following 
as  the  coinage  of  the  various  mints  of  the  Repul)lic  of  Mexico  during 
the  fiscal  years  1879-80  and  '81,  l)ut  does  not  give  the  values  separately 
of  the  different  metals  coined;  in  fact  the  amounts  include  the  bronze 
coinage  of  the  period  covered : 

Amount  coined  in — 

1879 $->2,S21,lft3  65 

1880 24,ri37,:}54  85 

1881 ^5,  151,721  85 

The  same  paper  furnishes  the  following  statement  of  the  aggregate 
exports  of  gold  and  silver  during  the  years  1878,1870,  and  1880: 

Exported  in — 

1878 ?i->2, 663, 437  &i 

1879 21,528,938  I'J 

1880  22,086,418  36 

ARGENTINE     REPUBLIC. 

Ed.  L.  Balccr,  United  States  consid  at  Buenos  Ayics,  funiislics  an  in- 
teresting article  rclativn  to  the  new  coinage  law  of  the  liepublic,  pro- 
viding that  the  gold  or  silver  "peso,"  or  dollar,  shall  be  the  unit  of  value 
— the  gold  dollar  to  contain  25.1  grains  of  standard  gold,  000  line,  and 
the  silver  dollar  25  grams  (385.S  grains),  the  same  weight  as  2  half- 
dollars  of  our])resent  coinage,  lie  states  that  the  national  mint  is  now 
running  day  and  night  with  a  view  to  i)utting  the  new  coins  (S  millions 
of  gold  and  4  millions  of  silver)  iuto  circulation  as  soon  as  possible. 

The  government  has  issne<l  a  decree  fixing  the  value  of  the  old  coins 
and  moneys  in  circulation  with  respect  to  the  new  unit  of  value.  This 
is  the  first  authorized  metallic  currency  of  the  republic,  the  circidating 
medium  heretofore  having  been  pa])er  money  and  coins  of  gold  and 
silver  of  foreign  countries. 

The  bank-notes  outstanding  June  30,  1881,  amounted  to  $37,101,750. 
By  the  terms  of  the  new  coinage  law  all  these  notes  must,  within  two 
years,  be  withdrawn  and  replaced  by  notes  corres])onding  with  the  new 
monetary  unit. 

HOUVIA. 

Hon.  Charles  Adams,  minister  at  La  Paz,  forwards  a  communication, 
dated  Augnst  30  of  the  present  year,  treating  of  the  coinage,  ]>rodnc- 
tion,  andconsunii)tion  of  the  ])recious  metals  in  that  country  during  the 
year  1881.  He  stat<?s  that  no  gold  was  coined  dnring  tlu^  year,  but 
47,425  kilograms  of  silver,  equal  to  $l,07(Kt>83,  were  coined  at  the 
national  mint  at  Potosi  into  20-cent  and  10-cent  i)ieces. 

The  silver  exported  amounted  to  about  500,000  Bolivianos,  equal  to 
$411,500  in  coin,  and  8,000,000  Bolivianos,  eqnal  to  $0,584,000  in  ores. 

The  production  of  the  mines  was,  of  gold,  about  3,500  ounces, 
$72,345;  and  of  silver,  1,100,000  marks,  valued  at  $11,000,000.  Xo  gold 
is  in  circulation  or  in  reserve  in  the  banks. 

The  silver  circidation  of  Bolivia  on  the  31st  of  December,  1881,  is 
estimated  to  have  been  0,000,000  Bolivianos,  equal  to  $4,038,000,  with 
about  539,000  Bolivianos,  equal  to  $443,507,  in  the  various  banks. 

The  paper  circulation  at  the  sanui  time  (i)ank  exclusively)  amounted 
to  about  1,374;809  Bolivianos,  equal  to  $1,131,517. 


208  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

CHILI. 

The  United  States  consul  at  Valparaiso  forwards  a  dispatch  relating 
to  the  finances  of  Chili. 

The coinagefor  the  year  1880  was,  gold, $108, 930;  silver, $2,226,392.75, 
and  for  1881,  gold,  $125,280;  silver,  $3,020,000.95. 

The  imports  and  exports  for  the  year  1880  are  given  as — 

Gold  imports $16,945 

Silver  imports - - - ii6, 104 

Gold  exports 64,476 

Silver  exports 4,546,799 

The  production  of  the  mines  was  about  $128,809,  gold,  and  $5,081,747 
in  silver. 

The  circulation  of  the  country  on  the  31st  of  December,  1880,  was, 
coin,  $2,500,000;  paper,  $28,469,813;  and  the  paper  circulation  on 
December  31,  1881,  was  $26,555,341. 

The  coin  in  reserve  is  stated  as  follows : 

In  banks $1,600,000 

In  treasury 798,000 


Minister  Langstou  forwards  a  special  repo^  on  the  national  bank  of 
Hayti,  and  a  copy  of  a  law  passed  by  the  Co^ys  LecjidaUf  of  the  Eepub- 
lic  of  Hayti  fixing  the  standard  of  weight,  value,  and  denomination 
of  the  new  gold,  silver,  and  bronze  national  money,  to  be  known  as 
"  gourdes,"  the  aggregate  to  be  2,000,000  gourdes,  and  the  coinage  to 
be  executed  at  Paris.  He  also  furnishes  a  reply,  under  date  of  July 
14  of  the  present  year,  to  the  Treasury  Department  circular  inquiring 
in  relation  to  the*^  monetary  affairs  of  that  republic.  He  states  that 
$780,000  of  the  new  silver  "gourdes"  were  coined  during  the  calendar 
year  1881,  and  put  in  circulation. 

The  imports  of  gold  coin  amounted  to  $11,494,  and  of  silver  coin,  in- 
cluding the  new  national  money,  $836,785,  while  the  exports  for  the 
same  period  were,  gold,  $1,550,  and  silver,  $517,488. 

Mr.  Langstou  estimates  the  gold  of  the  republic  to  have  been,  on 
December  31,  1881,  from  three  to  five  millions  of  dollars. 

URUGUAY. 

Consul  A.  L.  Eussell  forwards  from  Montevideo  a  dispatch  relative  to 
the  coins  used  iu  Uruguay  and  value  at  which  the  coins  of  other  coun- 
tries are  received. 

THE  world's  production  OF   GOLD  AND  SILVER. 

The  production  of  the  precious  metals  in  twenty  countries  whose 
mines  furnish  nearly  the  entire  product,  is  given  as  revised  for  the 
years  1879  and  1880,  and  is  brought  down  to  the  close  of  the  calendar 
year  1881. 

For  the  latter  year,  based  upon  estimates  for  some  of  the  smaller  pro- 
ducing countries,"  the  total  production  of  gold  was,  kilograms,  162,163, 
$107,773,157;  silver,  kilogTams,  2,349,689,  $97,659,460.  This  is  a  slight 
increase  upon  the  production  stated  for  1880,  being  about  one  and  a 
half  millions  more  in  gold  and  three  millions  in  silver. 


REPORT    OF   THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    TREASURY. 


209 


THE   WORLD  S   COINAGE. 

The  coinage  of  the  United  States  in  both  gold  and  silver  has  continued 
to  be  greater  than  that  of  any  other  nation.  For  the  calendar  year  1881 
more  than  two-thirds  of  the  year's  gold  coinage — $136,387,383 — and  over 
one-fourth  of  the  total  silver  coinage — $100,705,824 — were  executed  at 
the  mints  of  the  United  States. 

The  coinage  for  the  three  years  1879,  1880,  1881,  officially  obtained, 
is  as  follows : 


Tears. 

Coontriea. 

Gold. 

Silver. 

Total. 

1879 

14 
16 
15 

$90,752,811 
149,  045,  236 
136,  387  383 

$104,8?8,313 

82,397,  1,14 

100,  700,  824 

$105,641,124 

1880 

232,042  390 

1881 .- 

237,  093,  207 

Total 

376,  785, 430 

287,  001, 291 

6C4,  776,  721 

CIRCULATION   OF   THE  PRINCIPAL   COrNTRIES  OF  THE   WORLD. 


A  table  giving  the  paper  and  specie  circulation  of  thirty-four  of  the 
principal  countries  of  the  world,  total  and  per  capita,  has  been  compiled 
from  official  dispatches  and  other  accessible  data. 

The  paper  circulation  embraces  both  bank  and  government  issues 
intended  to  be  used  as  money,  and  the  total  amount  of  gold  and  silver 
coin  in  the  countries,  respectively,  without  deduction  for  such  amounts 
as  may  be  held  as  treasury  or  ba-nk  reserves,  and  in  most  cases  probably 
includes  the  bullion  as  well  as  the  coin  of  the  countries. 

The  total  amount  of  circulation  of  these  countries  is  83,825,220,078 
paper,  $3,353,673,748  gold  coin,  $2,182,768,866  silver  full  legal  tender, 
$438,000,969  limited  legal  tender;  total  specie,  $5,974,443,583;  total 
circulation,  including  reserves,  $9,799,663,661. 

A  further  table  has  been  prepared  stating  the  government  and  bank 
issues  and  the  reported  metallic  reserves  of  gold  and  silver  held  in  bank 
and  treasury  vaults.  The  total  amount  of  government  ])aper  issue  of 
thirty-one  countries,  given  in  Table  No.  XXXII,  was  $1,183,054,771 
and  the  bank  issue  $2,642,165,307,  a  total  of  $3,825,220,078.  The  me- 
tallic reserves  in  the  treasuries  and  banks  of  the  same  countries,  as  far 
as  known,  amounted  to  $1,698,986,763. 

An  additional  table  is  appended  in  which  the  amount  of  the  bank  and 
treasury  reserves  is  deducted  from  the  total  metallic  and  i)aper  circu- 
lation, for  the  purpose  of  showing,  iu  thirty-liv(!  countries,  the  total 
amount  in  active  circulation,  which,  outside  of  the  banka  and  treasuries, 
was  $8,100,676,898.  The  i)er  capita  of  active  circulation  iu  each  of  the 
countries  is  also  given. 

I  have  again  to  acknowledge  the  faithful  and  ellicient  .services  of  the 
clerks  of  the  Mint  liureaii,  among  wliom  Messrs.  I'roston,  Leech,  and 
Eckfeldt  arc  entitled  to  s])ecial  mcutidn  for  their  valuable  iissistance  in 
])reparing  tables  and  compiling  aixl  arranging  statistical  material  em- 
bodied in  this  report. 

1  am,  very  respectful!  v, 

UO RATIO  C.  BUKCHARD, 

Director. 

Hon.  Charles  J.  Folgkk, 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 

14  Ab 


210 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


EEPOKT  OF  FIRST  COMPTROLLER  OF  TEE  TREASURY. 

Treasury  Department, 

First  Comptroller's  Office, 

Washington,  October  20,  1882. 

Sir  :  111  compliance  Tvith  the  request  made  in  your  letter  of  September 
8,  1882,  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  the  followiiirj  report  of  the  trans- 
actions of  this  office  during  the  fiscal  year  which  ended  June  30,  1882. 

The  following-described  warrants  were  received,  examined,  counter- 
signed, entered  into  blotters,  and  posted  into  ledgers  under  their  proi)er 
heads  of  appropriations : 


Kind. 


Number 
of  war- 
rants. 


Amounts. 


APPKOPRIATIOU. 

Treasnry  proper 

Public  debt 

Diplomatic  and  consular 

Customs 

Internal  revenue 

Interior  civil 

Indians  and  pensions 

War , 

Navy 

ACCOUNTABLE  AND  8ETTLEHEXT. 

Treasury  proper 

Public  debt : 

Quarterly  salaries 

Diplomatic  and  consular 

Customs •■ 

Internal  revenue 

Judiciary 

Interior  civil 

Indians  and  pensions 

War 

Navy 

COVERING. 

Indians  and  pensions  repay 

War  repay 

Navy  repay :••-.•; ■. 

Miscellaneou.s  repay :  Interior  civil,  treasury,  customs,  .iudiciary,  diplo- 
matic and  consular,  internal  revenue,  and  public  lands. 


$28,  067, 

342,  72.3, 

1,  191, 

IS,  1.30, 

4,  932, 

7,  60G, 

79,  071, 

43,  527, 

15,  202, 


456  05 
506  34 
435  00 
303  91 
849  27 
940  36 
251  94 
670  44 
701  57 


1.35 

440, 454, 114  88 

3,  0.53 

21, 27.<',  P67  36 

79 

342, 869,  059  98 

1,929 

558,562  50 

2,  8-J5 

1,388,120  U 

4,062 

19, 860,  934  89 

4,  523 

4,857,313  02 

3,343 

3,  293,  267  38 

2,153 

6,  951,  418  90 

3,  .399 

73,  364,  4f  9  82 

4,608 

44,  908,  724  67 

2,121 

21.  514, 323  57 

32,105 

540.  845,  082  20 

627 

2,  0.';2,  548  21 

1,  610 

1,  348.  280  48 

364 

5.  850,  254  29 

2,575 

3, 185, 137  81 

5,176 


12, 472,  220  79 


REPORT  OP  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


211 


In  addition  to  the  above  there  have  been  received,  registered,  and 
conutersicrned  warrants  as  follows : 


Kinds. 


Miscellanpons  revenae  covering  ■warrants 

Intemnl  revenue  covering  vran-anta 

Lands  coveriiiz  wan-ants 

CuBUims  cuveziu<;  tvairauts... 


AmoanU. 


1152,  POO,  508  21 

146. 497,  595  45 

4,753,140  37 

220,410,730  25 


524, 470,  974  28 


KP.CAPITL'LATIOjr. 

Pay,  repay,  sti'l  appropriation  warrants 37,  416 

Miscellaueoiia  aud  internal  revenue,  and  lauda,  and  customs  covering 13,  362 

Total  wan-ants  received  and  passed 50,  778 

Miscellaneous  retiuisitions  registered  and  countersigned 739 

Kequisitiuns  on  superintendent  of  buildings  aud  stationery  clerk 413 

Grand  total 51,930 

Accounts  have  been  received  from  the  auditing  offices,  revised,  re- 
corded, and  the  balances  thereon  certified  to  the  Kegister  of  the  Treas- 
ury, as  follows : 


Kind. 


FBOH  THE  FIB6T  AUDITOR. 


1.  Judiciary: 


Accounts  of  marshals  for  their  fees  and  for  expenses  of  courts, 
of  district  attorneys  aud  their  a.tsiatants,  of  clerks  of  courts, 
of  circuit  court  commissioners,  aud  accounts  for  rent  of  court 
rooms 

Judgments  by  Court  of  Claims  examined  and  ordered  paid 


Total. 


2.  Public  Debt : 

Accounts  of  the  Treasurer  of  the  United  States : 

For  coupons  payable  in  coin 

For  coupons  of  Tn-asury  notes,  Louisville  and  Portland  Canal 
stock,  and  old  funded  del)t  of  the  District  of  Columbia , 

For  registfied  .stock  of  the  District  of  Columbia  redeemed 

For  District  of  Columbia  3. Co  l)onds  purchased  for  sinking  fund 

For  United  States  called  bonds  redeemed 

For  United  States  bonds  purchased  for  sinking  fund , 

For  Louisville  and  Portland  Canal  stock  redeemed 

For  interest  on  United  States  registered  bonds  (paid  on  sched- 
ules)   

For  interest  on  Pacific  Kailroad  stock  (reimbursable) 

For  checks  for  in\ere8t  on  funded  loaus  of  ISisi,  1891,  and  consols 
of  1907 

For  gold  certiflcatoa  and  refunding  cert  ideates 

For  certificates  of  deposit  (act  June  8,  1872) 

For  legal-tender  notes,  old  demand  notes,  and  fractional  cur- 
rency  

For  compound-interest,  seven-thirty,  aud  other  old  Treasury 
notes 

For  interest  on  Navy  pension  fund , 


Total . 


3.  Pxtblie  Buildings : 

Aoconntw  for  the  ronstmction  of  public  buildings  throughout 
tho  United  States,  and  the  buiblings  for  the  IJnreau  of  En- 
cravingand  Priutingand  the  National  MustMim.  Wnnhington, 
1).  C. ;  for  the  constniction  of  tlie  bnildiuc  for  the  State,  War, 
and  Navy  Di-partments ;  for  the  conipU'tion  of  the  Washitii:- 
ton  Monument,  and  the  caie  of  the  iiuUlie  building.^  and 
giounds  \iiider  the  Chief  Engineer,  I.  S.  A.;  for  annu:tl 
rejiAirs  of  tl\e  Capitol  aud  improving  the  Capitol  gronuils, 
extension  of  (ioveniment  Printing  t)lht-e,  and  enlargini;  the 
court-house.  Wa.sliington,  D.  C. ;  for  Coast  aud  tJoodetic 
Surveys;  and  for  the  beneficiary  and  charitable  institutions 
in  the  District  of  Columbia 


3, 947  I      89,465  I  4,428,530  1< 


123   2,  530, 939 


18 
12 

3 
20 
12 


38, 793 

677 

45 

67,541 

1,553 

4 

11,  439 
430 

143, 572 

22,489 

1,512 

1,021 

618 
1 


303 


21,984 


15,  055,  606  08 

538,  993  72 

27,^  545  53 

12,  COO  00 

114,711,105  12 

8,340,713  72 

4,000  00 

11, 639, 114  84 
4, 461,  525  92 

28,  942,  912  18 

987,211  29 

13,  G30,  000  00 

43,  064,  322  00 

20, 294  73 
210,000  00 


324   2, 820,  634  241,  899,  945  13 


2,  640.  508  67 


212 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 


Kind. 


4.  Steamboats: 

Accounts  for  salaries  and  incidental  expenses  of  inspectors  of 
liiiUs  and  boilers 


5.  Territorial: 

Accounts  for  salaries  of  Territorial  officers  and  for  the  legisla- 
tive and  contingent  expenses  incidental  to  the  government 
of  the  Territories 


C.  Jlfm(  and  J.gsay.- 
A.ccounts  for  gold,  silver,  and  niclicl  coinage;  for  bullion;  for 
salaries  of  tlie  ofticters  and  employes  of  the  several  mints,  and 
for  the  general  expenses  of  the  same;  and  for  bullion  depos- 
its, purchases,  and  transfers 


7.  Transportation: 

Accounts  for  transportation  of  gold  and  silver  coin  and  bull- 
ion, minor  and  base  coin,  United  States  curreitf.y,  national- 
bank  notes,  complete  and  incomplete  coin  certincato.s,  regis- 
tered and  coui^on  bonds,  mutilated  currency,  cancelled  and 
incomplete  securities,  national-bank  notes  for  redemption, 
stamp,  paper,  stationery,  boxes,  p.arcels,  &c 


8.  Congressional: 

Accounts  for  sal.aries  of  the  ofEccrs  and  employes,  and  for  con- 
tingent and  other  expenses  of  the  United  States  Senate  and 
House  of  Kepresentativcs 


9.  Outstanding  Liabilities : 

Accounts  arising  from  demandsjfiir  payment  of  drafts  and  dis- 
bursing-othcers'  checks  which  have  lemained  outstanding  for 
three  years,  the  funds  from  which  they  were  payable  having 
been  covered  into  the  Treasury 


10.  District  of  Columhia: 

Accounts  of  the  Commissioners  of  the  District  of  Columbia  and 
general  accounts  between  the  United  States  and  said  District. 

11.  Pziblic  Printing : 

Accounts  of  the  Public  Printer  for  the  salaries  and  wages  of 
the  employes  of  the  Government  Printing  Ofiice,  for  the  pur- 
chase of  materials  for  printing,  and  for  contingent  expenses 
of  the  Government  Printing  OiHco 


12.  Treasurer's  General  Accounts : 

Quarterly  accounts  of  the  Treasurer  of  the  United  States  for 
receipts  and  expenditures,  including  receipts  from  all  sources 
covered  into  the  Treasury,  and  aU  payments  made  from  the 
Treasury 


13.  Assistant  Treasurers'  Accounts: 

Accounts  of  the  several  assistant  treasurers  of  the  United  States 
for  the  salaries  of  their  emijloyes  and  the  incidental  expenses 
of  their  offices 


14.  Miscellaneous: 

Accounts  of  the  disbursing  oificers  of  the  executive  depart- 
ments for  salaries  of  otficers  and  employes,  and  contingent 
(■xi)en.sbs  of  the  same;  accounts  for  salaries  of  Senators  and 
Keprpscntatives  in  Congress;  for  .salaaies  of  the  .iudges  of 
the  United  States  Supri-me  Court,  United  States  circuit  and 
district  Judges,  district  attorneys,  and  marshals;  for  salaries 
and  contingent  expenses  of  the  ICatioual  Boiird  of  Health; 
and  for  the  expenses  of  the  tenth  cen,s\is 


No.  of 
accounts. 


No.  of 
vouchers. 


875 


9,977 


183  I        1,476 


370  :     120, 160 


197        49,320 


78  1        4,123 


91 


71 


156 


108 


68, 815 


16, 729 


49,453 


1,943 


3, 283       119,  771 


Total  from  First  Auditor. 


9,  976  |3, 373,  958 


Amount  in- 
volved. 


$428,  371  46 


199,814  23 


340,847,283  49 


202,  092  16 


596, 539  94 


14,653  50 


3,744,709  29 


2,619,600  67 


957, 197, 117  12 


347, 997  3f ) 


11, 282, 970  ,=S3 


1,  568, 450, 133  73 


REPORT  OF  THK  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


21* 


Kind. 


I    So.  of 
;  accuuntti. 


FEOM  THE  FIFTH  AUDITOU. 

15.  Internal  Revenue : 

Accounts  of  collectors  of  iiitomal  rpvoiuie 

Accnuiitrt  of  same  acting  as  disbursiiij;  a;iOuts 

Accounts  of  intenial-revenuo  .stamp  agents 

Miscellaneous  internal-reveiiuo  accounts,  such  as  direct  tax 
accounts  with  commissioncis  and  with  the  States;  six  diti'cr- 
ent  monthly  accounts  with  tlio  Commissioner  of  Internal 
Revenue  for  revenue  stamps  ;  accounts  with  the  disbursing 
clerk  of  the  Treasury  Departraont  for  salaries  of  officers  and 
employes  in  the  ofhce  of  the  Coniiiiissionoi- of  Internal  Reve- 
nue, and  for  the  payment  of  intoni;ilrevenue  gangers;  witli 
the  Secretary  of  the  Tieasuiy  for  flues,  penalties,  and  for- 
feitures; with  the  Tieasury  l)ci)arlment  for  stationery; 
with  revenue  agents  and  distillery  survc-Nors ;  diawback 
accounts;  accounts  for  refunding  taxivs  ilK'gally  c<)llo<'ted; 
for  the  redemption  of  internalrcvcnuo  shiiiips;  for  tlie  col- 
lection of  legacy  and  suocessiou  taxes;  for  expenses  of  de- 
tecting and  suppressing  violations  of  internal  revenue  laws, 
including  rewards  therefor,  &C 


16.  Foreign  Inturcourae : 

Accounts  for  the  .salaries  of  ministers,  charg^'-s  d'affaires,  con- 
suls, coTumercial  agents,  interpreters,  secretaries  to  leg:i- 
tions,  and  marsliiils  of  consular  courts;  accounts  for  the 
relief  and  proteclion  of  American  seamen,  for  expenses  of 
prisons  in  China  an<l  Jap.an,  for  contingent  expenses  of  lega- 
tions and  consulates,  for  salaries  and  expenses  of  ieg.ations 
and  consuhites,  also,  for  those  of  mixed  commissious.  ac- 
counts of  United  States  bankers  in  Londmi ;  accounts  of  tlie 
disbursing  clerk,  Uepiirtment  of  State,  for  miscellaneous 
diplomatic  expenses,  &c 


17.  Transportation  : 

Accounts  for  transpoi-tation  of  intornalrevouno  moneys  to  the 
sfib-treovsuries  and  designated  depositories,  and  for  tlic  trans- 
poi-tation of  stationery,  &c.,  to  iuternal-reveuue  officers 


Total  from  Fifth  Auditor. 


FROM  THE  COMinSSIONER  OF  THE  GENERAL  LAND  OFFICE. 

18.  Public  Lands : 

Accounts  of  surveyors-general  and  the  employes  in  their  offices 

Accounts  of  de]nity  surveyors 

Accounts  of  receivers  of  public  moneys ■- 

Accounts  of  same  acting  as  disbursing  agents 

.Accounts  for  the  refunding  of  purchase  "money  paid  for  lands 

erroneously  sold 

Miscellaneous  aci^onnts,  such  as  accounts  with  the  several 
States  for  indemnity  for  swamp  and  overflowed  lands  erro- 
neously sold,  and  for  2  per  cent.,  .'i  per  cent.,  and  5  per  cent., 
irpon  tlie  proceeds  of  sales  of  public  lands;  accounts  of  sui-- 
veyors-general  for  the  contingent  expenses  of  their  otlices; 
accounts  for  the  salaries  and  commissions  of  registers  of  local 
land-offlcos  not  jiaid  by  tlio  receivers;  accounts  with  the 
Kansas,  Denver,  Central,  Northoni,  and  ITnion  I'acilic,  Itail- 
roads,  for  the  tnuisportalion  of  special  agents  of  lllc^  tieiicial 
Land  Oflico;  accounts  for  ])rintiiig  and  stationery  furnislicd 
the  Rcveiivl  siirvcyorsgeneral,  registers  and  receivers;  a4'- 
countsof  Hjiecial  agents  of  the  Interior  IJepaitiiifiit  ;  accoiinls 
for  tlie  transportation  of  public  miuio.^t)  from  tlio  local  huid- 
olHces  to  designated  depositories;  accounts  for  salaries  and 
incidental  expenses  olagents  employed  to  examine  and  verify 
public  surveys;  for  tlie  return  of  ileposit.s  in  excess  of  the 
amount  reiiuired  for  the  survey  of  nrivatu  land  claims;  for 
the  transportation  of  stationery  to  the  several  district  land- 
offices,  &.C 

Total  from  Couimissionor  of  General  Land  Olllco 


5«7 
92(5 
150 


2,314 


2,745 


No.  of  j 
vouchers. 


Amount  in- 
volved. 


i7,  5C0 
39,  591 
3.097 


$.•504,964,913  5S 
3,  397,  2S3  92 
5, 014,  209  37 


40, 608 


31,  481 


7,818 


972,775,693  57 


5,440,868  75 


4,  025  51 


e,  730       170,  055  I    1,  291,  597,  894  70 


234 
497 
431 
380  ! 

533 


3,074 

1,204 

15,073 

2,141 

2,  795 


2.590 


20,883 


420,  722  50 
1,388,203  05 
C,  or.8,  150  12 

491,  290  41 

43, 088  41 


300,  709  89 


8, 70S,  173  38 


214 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 
RECAPITULATION. 


Fioni — 


First  Auditor 

Fifth  Auditor 

Coiimiisaiuuer  uf  General  Land  OMce 

Total 


Number. 


9,  97C 
6, 730 
2,413 


Vouchers. 


3,  373,  958 
170,  055 
•J6,  883 


Amount  involved. 


$1,566,450,133  73 

1,291,  597,891  70 

8, 708, 173  38 


19, 119       3,  570,  89(1 


2, 866, 750, 201  81 


EeqiiisitioDs  for  tlie  advance  of  money  from  the  Treasury,  in  the  num- 
ber following,  have  been  examined  and  advances  thereon  recommended : 

Internal  revenue  ..'. - 1,.514 

Foreiffu  intercourse 1,  37:i 

Judiciary 477 

Public  buildings 176 

Mint  and  assay 379 

District  of  Columbia B3 

Territorial 49 

Public  printing 12 

Miscellaneous 127 

Total 4,190 

Official  letters  written 12, 701 

Letters  received,  briefed,  and  registered 5, 264 

Powers  of  attorney  recorded 833 

Official  bonds  registered  and  filed 225 

Miscellaneous  contracts  and  bonds  received  and  registered 479 

Internal-reveaue  collector's  tax-list  receipts  recorded,  scheduled,  and  referred.  1, 515 
Orders  of  special  allowances  to  collectors  of  internal-revenue  recorded,  sched- 
uled, and  referred 328 

Internal-revenue  special-tax  stamp  books  counted  and  certified 5, 468 

Internal-revenue  tobacco-stamp  books  counted  and  certified 12, 029 

Internal-revenue  spirit-stamp  books  counted  and  certified 8,474 

Copies  of  accounts  made,  compared,  and  transmitted : 

Internal  revenue 1,674 

PubHclauds 1,113 

2,787 

Caveat  cases  (United  States  bonds) 47 

Pages  copied 8,769 

The  foregoing  statement  omits  mention  of  a  hirge  amount  of  official 
"work  which  does  not  admit  of  systematic  classification  and  detailed  re- 
port, and  yet  has  occupied  much  time  and  care ;  such  as,  e.  g.,  investi- 
gation of  legal  points  arising  in  the  adjustment  of  accounts,  and  the 
preparation  of  opinions  and  decisions  printed  under  tlie  authority  of 
Congress ;  the  examination  of,  and  decision  upon  applications  for  the 
issuing  of  duplicate  bonds  and  other  securities  lost  and  destroyed ;  ex- 
amination of  powers  of  attorney  for  collection  of  money  due  to  creditors 
of  the  United  States;  decisions  upon  the  rights  of  persons  claiming  to 
be  executors,  administrators,  or  heirs  of  deceased  claimants,  to  receive 
money  due  from  the  United  States ;  examination  of  official  bonds ;  copy- 
ing of  letters  forwarded;  answering  calls  for  information  made  by  Con- 
gress, the  Departments,  and  private  persons ;  receiving  and  examining 
emolument  returns,  and  other  work  of  a  miscellaneous  character. 

EENEWAL   OF  THE  ACT   OF  JUNE  14,  1S78. 

The  fourth  section  of  the  act  of  June  14, 1878  (20  Stat.,  130),  provides 
that— 

It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  several  accounting  officers  of  the  Treasury  to  continue  to 
receive,  examine,  and  consider  the  ^lalico  and  validity  of  all  claims  under  appropria- 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     215 

tions  the  balances  of  which  have  been  exhausted  or  carried  to  the  surphis  fund  under 
the  jirovisions  of  said  section  tliat  may  be  brou<j;ht  before  thoni  within  a  jjcriod  of  five 
yearri.  And  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  shall  report  the  amount  due  each  claimant 
at  the  commencement  of  each  session  to  the  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives, 
■who  shall  lay  the  same  before  Congress  for  consideration:  Provided,  Tliat  nothing  in 
this  act  shall  be  construed  to  authorize  the  re-examination  and  payment  of  any  claim 
or  account  which  has  been  once  examined  and  rejected,  unless  reopened  in  accordance 
•with  existing  laws. 

The  "period  of  five  years"  mentioned  in  this  section  will  expire 
June  14,  1883,  before  tlie  Forty-eighth  Congress  will  assemble.  1  re- 
Bpectfully  recommend  that  you  will  call  the  attention  of  Congress  to 
this  subject,  as  it  would  seem  proper  that  the  provision  above  cited 
should  be  extended. 

It  may  be  Mell  to  consider  whether  it  is  not  desirable  that  there  should 
be  a  permanent  statute  authorizing  the  examination  and  report  to  Con- 
gress of  all  claims  under  appropriations,  the  balances  of  which  have 
been  exhausted  or  carried  to  the  surplus  fund,  which  may  be  brought 
before  the  i)roper  accounting  officers  within  five  years  after  the  ai)pro- 
priation  was  made,  or,  perhaps,  more  properly,  within  five  years  after 
the  right  of  the  claimant  originated. 


DISBURSING  OFFICERS. 

By  existing  law,  most  of  the  money  with  which  disbursing  officers 
make  payments  is  placed  to  the  credit,  respectively,  of  these  officers 
with  an  assistant  treasurer  or  designated  depository  of  the  United 
States,  and  is  disbursed  on  checks  to  the  order  of  each  claimant 
entitled  to  payment.  When  i)ayment  is  thus  made  by  check,  a  voucher 
is  executed  to  the  disbursing  officer,  and  on  such  vouchers  his  accounts 
are  settled.  There  is  generally  no  settlement  of  an  account  by  the 
accounting  officer  of  the  Treasury  Department  of  the  money  so  depos- 
ited. 

It  is  possible  that  some,  if  not  many,  of  the  disbursing  officers'  checks 
may  never  be  presented  for  payment,  and  there  is  no  general  mode  of 
verifying  the  accuracy  of  the  accounts  of  depositaries  with  disbursing 
officers. 

I  respectfully  call  attention  to  the  subject,  so  that  you  may  consider 
whether  it  is  desirable  to  recommend  to  Congress  that  i)rovisiou  be 
made  for  the  settlement  of  such  accounts. 

Under  section  310,of  tlic  llevised  Statutes  the  Secretary  of  the  Treas- 
ury is  every  year  in  receipt  of  returns  from  the  projx'r  uCliceis  or  des- 
ignated depositaries,  reporting  outstanding  Ijalances  to  the  credit  of 
disbursing  officers  or  agents  which  have  remained  unchanged  ou  the 
books  of  their  respective  offices  for  three  years. 

Generally,  in  the  cases  thus  reported,  the  disbursing  officers  have  long 
before  ceased  to  act  in  that  capacity,  and  in  many  instances  their  ac- 
counts as  such  officers  or  agents  have  been  adjusted  and  closed  ou  the 
books  of  this  De])artinent. 

Frequently,  after  a  lai)se  of  three  years,  in  consequence  of  the  death 
or  unknown  residence  of  the  late  disbursing  otlicer,  it  is  found  imprac- 
ticable to  secure  the  returns  from  him,  as  contemplated  by  the  last 
clause  of  said  section,  and  therefore  very  difficult  to  determine  to  what 
fund  or  a])propriation  the  re])orted  outstanding  balance  belongs.  To 
avoid  the  doubt  asid  difficulty  arising  in  such  cases,  I  respectfully  rec- 


21G  PAPERS    AOOOMrANYING    THH 

fULiineiid  Ihiiisaid  scclidii  .'ilO  \h>  ;iiim'1kI<mI  l»y  mi   ;i<lflif ioiuil   |no\  isioii, 
as  follo^vs : 

Every  disbursiu};  otlicoi-  of  any  DejuiitiiuiiiL  of  the  Govcniiiiciit,  on  n-iuleriii'j;  his  ac- 
count at  tlie  end  of  his  t«im  of  service,  sliall  report  thcrcrwitli  whether  or  not  any 
public  funds  remain  standing  to  his  credit,  as  such  oflicer,  in  any  oflQw^  or  bank  or  other 
depository;  and  if  so,  Avhat  checks,  if  any,  have  been  drawn  ajjainst  tiie  same  or  any 
part  thereof,  which  arc  still  unpaid  and  outstanding. 

In  this  coiinectioii  1  res})ectfiilly  call  atteution  to  the  followiuf;'  ex- 
tract, taken  from  the  Keport  of  the  ISecretaiy,  dated  Dcceinber  2,  1878: 

By  an  act  approved  March  3,  1857,  public  disbursing  oflieers  were  required  to  place 
all  public  funds,  intrusted  to  them  for  disbursement,  on  deposit  with  a  public  depos- 
itary, and  to  (baw  for  the  same  only  in  favor  of  the  persons  to  wliom  i)aymcnt  was  to 
be  made,  excepting  that  they  might  chock  in  their  ovm  names  when  the  jiayments 
did  not  exceed  twenty  doUara. 

The  enforcement  of  this  provision,  according  to  its  letter,  was  found  impracticable, 
and  the  attention  of  Congress  was  called  to  it  in  the  annual  rei)()rts  of  the  Secretary 
for  1857  and  1858,  with  a  recommendation  for  its  modification. 

No  action  in  the  matter  appears  to  have  been  taken  by  Congress  until  the  act  of 
June  14,  1866,  rei)roduced  as  section  3620  Revised  Statutes,  was  passed.  This  ap- 
peared to  supersede  the  act  of  1857,  in  removing  the  restrictions  as  to  the  method  in 
which  the  money  was  to  be  drawn;  but  by  an  act  approved  February  27,  1877,  section 
3620  has  been  amended  by  requiring  the  checks  to  be  dra^ni  only  in  favor  of  the  jier- 
sons  to  whom  payments  are  to  be  made. 

The  object  which  the  law  evidently  seeks  to  accomplish  meets  the  entire  approval 
of  the  department,  but  to  carry  its  provisions  into  efieet  would  require  paymasters 
in  the'  Army  to  draw  their  checks  in  favor  of  the  soldiers  to  be  paid,  by  name,  and 
paymasters  on  naval  vessels,  even  during  absences  for  years  from  the  United  States,  to 
pay  the  officers  and  men  only  by  drawing  checks  in  their  favor,  on  depositaries  iji  the 
United  States. 

The  same  embarrassment  extends  to  all  public  disbursements,  and  the  attention  of 
Congress  is  called  to  the  matter,  with  the  recommendation  that  the  section  be  so 
amended  that  disbursements  may  be  made  under  regulations  to  be  prescribed  by  the 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 

The  difficulties  presented  by  this  statement  remain,  and  hence  atten- 
tion is  called  to  the  subject.  See  Keport  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  of 
December  5, 1881,  and  Eeport  of  185G-'o7,  page  24, 

DEPUTY  COMPTROLLER. 

The  usage  in  this  office,  which  is  probably  required  hy  law,  has  been 
that  the  First  Comptroller,  when  present  in  i)ersou,  countersigns  all 
warrants  and  signs  other  official  papers.  I  lespectfidly  recommend 
that  the  Deputy  Comptroller  be  authorized,  under  the  direction  of  the 
Comptroller,  to  sign  all  official  papers  and  countersign  warrants,  excej)!, 
perhaps,  "accountable  warrants,"  which  require  the  signature  of  the 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury  himself,  when  present. 

As  the  duty  of  signing  all  official  papers  is,  by  law,  imposed  on  the 
Deputy  as  Acting  Comptroller  in  case  of  the  Comptroller's  absence, 
and  as  the  time  of  the  Comptroller,  when  present,  is  almost  wholly  re- 
quired for  the  proper  examination  of  questions  of  law  and  matters  of 
official  importance,  there  would  seem  to  be  no  ground  of  objection  to 
the  measure  proposed. 

Under  orders  of  the  House  of  Eepresentatives,  a  volume  of  the  de- 
cisions of  the  Comptroller  for  the  year  1880,  and  one  for  1881,  were 
printed,  and  copies  will  be  furnished,  fixed  iu  number  by  law.  In  ad- 
,  dition  to  these,  fifty  copies  were  distributed  to  the  Departments  in 
*  sheets,  as  originally  printed  under  the  authority  of  tlie  Treasury-  De- 
partment. The  Comptroller  ordered  printed,  on  his  own  account  and 
exjjense,  a  limited  number  of  copies,  which  can,  if  desired,  be  furnished 


EEPOK'l'    O]'     I  I  IK    SECRETARY    OF    TITE    TREASURY. 


217 


at  cost  to  Depaitineuts,  or  be  disi)ORed  of  othervNise,  if  Con^n-css,  at  its 
next  session,  shall  so  direct,  but  if  not,  they  will  be  disposed  of  by  the 
Conjptroller. 

Your  attention  is  respectfully  invited  to  the  recommendations  con- 
tained in  my  last  annual  report,  the  i)ropriety  of  which  seems  to  me  to 
be  confirmed  by  observation  and  experience  durinj^  the  past  year. 
T  have  the  honor  to  be,  very  respectfully, 

WILLIAM  LAWRENCE, 

First  Comptroller. 
ITon.  Chas.  J.  FOLGER, 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 


REPORT  OF   SECOND   COMPTROLLER  OF  THE  TREASURY. 

Treasury  Department, 
Second  Comptroller's  Office; 

Washington,  October  2G,  1882. 
Sir:  In  compliance  with  your  direction,  by  letter  of  the  8th  ultimo,  I 
submit  a  report,  in  two  tabular  statements,  of  the  transactions  of  tlfis 
office  during  the  fiscal  year  which  ended  on  the  30th  day  of  June,  1882. 
The  first  tabular  statement  shows  the  total  number  of  accounts,  claims, 
and  cases  of  every  kind  settled  and  adjusted  and  the  amounts  allowed 
thereon. 

The  second  table  furnishes  a  more  detailed  statement  of  the  same  ac- 
counts, claims,  and  cases,  showing  the  character  of  the  accounts,  the 
source  from  which  received,  the  number  of  each  kind,  and  the  amounts 
allowed.  A  still  more  detailed  statement  is  prepared  and  filed  for  pres- 
ervation in  this  office,  but  it  is  deemed  too  voluminous  for  publication. 

NUMBER  of  CASES  SETTLED. 


From— 


Xunibor 
revised. 


Second  Auditor 9.4C0 

Thinl  Auditor '        5,815 

Fourth  Auditor 1.858 

17, 133 
Various  sources  not  involving  present  expenditure -i,  f"** 

Total •. j      20,099 


Amonnts. 


$20, 721,  638 
(i«,  337,  905 
17,  337, 419 


106,  397, 052 
306,  022 


100,  763, 074 


ACCOUNTS  REVISED  DURING  the  YEAR. 


Charftcter  of  tbo  accounts. 


FROM  enCOXD  AUDITOR. 

1.  Of  Army  pavm.istors,  for  pay  of'tlio  Army - • 

2.  OfdiwbiirRiiiiioiruersof  llie  Ordnaiico  Department,  for  ordnance,  ordnance 

storefl,  supplies,  annorice,  aud  arsenals   

3.  Of  dirtlmrsinc  otticors  of  the  Medical  iJepartnient,  for  medical  and  hospital 

supplies  ai\d  service 

4.  Of  rt'iruiting  otlio^jrs,  for  regular  reci-uiting  service 

5.  Of  MaiiiigiTs  of  the  Soldiers^  Homo 

0.  Of  misrellaneous  disbursinieniH  for  <ontinK«iit  expenses  of  Army  and 

Adjutant-Ofneral's  Office,  oxjienses  of  Coiiimauiiiii};  CJi'neral's  Ofllce, 

Aiiillerv  School,  &c •• 

7.  Of  Indian  agents'  current  and  contiunont  expenses,  annuities,  and  install- 
ments  

Total 


Number 
revised. 


520 

101 

42 

104 

13 

178 
,032 


3,740 


Amonnts  al- 
lowed. 


$11,144,950 

1,  307, 473 

408,682 
99,  \h'i 
70, 130 

162,  6:.7 
6,  W2.  891 


20.  241, 947 


218  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 

ACCOUNTS  KE VISED  DURING  the  F^^i?— Continned. 


Character  of  accounts. 


NninWrr 
revised. 


A  niounts  al- 
lowed. 


FUOU  THIRD  AUDITOR. 

1.  Of  disbnrsiiiK  oflicers  of  the  Quartermaster's  Department,  for  reKular  and 

iucideiititl  service.s 

2.  Of  disburnin';  olhcers  of  the  Slll)si^^teMCP  Department 

3.  Of  disburttinjc  ottjeeis  of  the  Kii^iincei-  Depailnieut,  for  military  surveys, 

fortilicatiuus,  river  and  harbor  iniijroveuieuts,  ic 

4.  Of  pension  agents  for  payment  of  Anuy  pensions 

Total 

FKOM   FOURTH  AUDITOP.. 

1.  Of  paymasters  of  the  Kavy  proper,  including  paymasters  at  navy-yards, 

and  as  navy  agents  and  disbursing  oilicejs 

2.  Of  disburaing  ollicers  .and  agents  of  tlio  Marine  Corps 

3.  Of  Navy  pentiion  agents,  for  payment  of  pensionei-s  of  Navy  and  Marine 

Corps 

4.  Of  miscellaneous  naval  accounts 

Total 


1,698 


206 

10 


109 

205 


$11,278,808 
2,  823,  943 

C,  955,  7.09 
44,  030, 454 


C5,  088, 964 


15,  700, 176 
584,  800 

788,  087 
22,  832 


17, 155,  895 


CLAIMS  REVISED  DURING  the  TEAR. 


Character  of  claims. 


Number.    Amounts. 


FROM  SECOND  AUDITOR. 


1.  Soldiers' pay  and  bounty 

2.  Miscellaneous  claims.  Pay  Department 


FROM  THIRD  AUDITOR. 

1.  For  lost  property,  paid  under  act  of  March  3,  1849 ._ -. 

2.  For  quartermasters'  steres  and  commissary  supplies,  paid  under  act  of  July 

4,1864 '. 

3.  State  war  claims,  act  1862,  &c ■ 

4.  For  Army  transportation 

5.  For  miscellanpou s  claims 

6.  Oregon  and  Washington  war  claims 

7.  Of  representatives  of  deceased  pensioners • 

8.  Claims  revised  and  disallowed 


FROM  FOURTH  AUDITOR. 


1.  For  r.fucers'  and  sailors'  pay  and  bounty 

2.  For  prize  money 


5,412 


402 

1,307 
8 
774 
975 
10 
425 
156 


1,271 


$440, 976 
38,  715 


49,845 

201,403 

477,115 

1,  482,  946 

334, 757 

2,  3'JO 

10,  575 


,     179, 002 
2,  402 


Total .--.I      11,405         3,310,246 


CASES  ADJUSTED,  NOT  INVOLVING'^PRESENT  EXPENDITURE. 


Xumber. 


Amounts 
involved. 


1.  Duplicate  checks  approved 

2.  Financial  agents'  accounts  (Xaval)  . . 

3.  Referred  cases  ailjusted  and  decided 

4.  S^)ecial  accounts  (Army) 


447 
4 

2,312 
803 


Total. 


3,  rm 


$27,  257 
309,  034 


29, 131 


3C8,  022 


Bonds  filed  during  the  rear 88 

Coutrat'ts  tiled  during  the  year — - - -•  1, 9i>5 

Official  letters  written  and  copied 1.  ^^S 

Requisitions  countersigned  and  recunled 1~,  •J--'^ 

Settlements  recorded 8,842 

Diti'ereuces  recorded -. -- 3,423 

Clerks  employed,  average 63i 


REPORT  OP  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     219 

The  current  work  of  the  office  is  in  a  more  advanced  condition  than 
it  has  previously  been  since  the  year  ISfJl,  the  quantity  of  delayed  cur- 
rent accounts  haviug-  been  steadily  diminished  each  quarter  year  for 
several  years  past,  with  a  corresponding  diminution  of  time  between 
their  rendition  and  settlement;  and,  except  in  the  settlement  of  the  ac- 
counts and  claims  hereinafter  specially  referred  to,  the  work  of  the 
office  has  been  promptly  dispatched  during  the  year. 

Owing  to  tlie  etiect  of  the  decision  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States  in  the  case  of  Capt.  E.  W.  Tyler  vs.  the  United  States, 
rendered  at  the  October  term,  1881,  which  changed  the  mode  of  com- 
puting the  longevity  increase  payable  to  oflicers  of  the  Army,  a  very 
great  amount  of  additional  work  has  devolved  upon  this  ofhce  in  the 
adjustment  of  Army  officers'  accounts. 

In  addition  to  the  new  work  thus  originated,  it  has  been  deemed  neces- 
sary to  enter  upon  the  settlement  of  the  accounts  heretofore  accrued  in 
favor  of  the  Soldiers'  Home  under  the  act  of  March  3, 1851  (section  4818, 
Revised  Statutes),  which  grants  to  that  institution  all  stoppages  and 
fines  adjudged  against  soldiers,  all  forfeitures  on  account  of  desertions, 
and  the  custody  of  the  money  of  deceased  soldiers  remaining  unclaimed 
for  three  years.  It  is  estimated  that  the  amount  due  to  the  Soldiers' 
Home  on  these  accounts  exceeds  a  million  dollars,  and  that  the  settle- 
ment of  these  two  classes  of  accounts  will  require  labor  more  than 
equivalent  to  that  of  eight  experts  for  a  period  of  one  year. 

It  also  happens  that  the  number  of  soldiers'  bounty  claims  transmit- 
ted to  this  office  for  settlement  during  the  last  ten  months  is  much 
in  excess  of  those  transmitted  for  similar  periods  within  several  years 
past. 

The  pressing  necessity  for  early  settlement  of  these  three  classes  of 
claims  has  made  it  necessary  to  place  upon  them  nearly  all  the  force 
heretofore  employed  in  the  current  work  of  settling  paymasters'  ac- 
counts ;  thirteen  out  of  the  fourteen  men  on  duty  in  the  Army  jjay  divi- 
sion of  the  office  being  at  present  engaged  thereon. 

Whatever  means  can  be  lawfully  taken  to  increase  the  number  of  ex- 
perts in  the  revision  of  Army  ])ay  accounts  thus  accumulating  in  the 
office  Avill  bo  greatly  to  the  advantage  of  the  service. 
Very  respectfully, 

W.  W.  UPTOX, 

Comptroller. 

Hon.  CHAS.  J.  FOLGER, 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 


EEPOllT  OF  THE  COMMISSIONER  OF  CUSTOMS. 

Treasury  Department, 

Office  of  CoMMissroNER  of  Customs, 

Washington  City,  J).  C,  October  24,  1882. 

Sir:  I  have  tlie  honor  to  submit  herewith  for  y(mr  information  a" 

statement  of  the  work  performed  in  this  ollice  during  tlie  liscal  year 

ending  June  30,  1882. 

Number  of  accouuta  on  hand  July  1.  If^"*! l^\ 

Number  of  accounts  received  from  llu'  Fiist  Amliinr  during  the  year 5,707 

5,8'Jl 

Number  of  iiccmints  adjusted  duritif;  thn  year 5,7:<0 

Number  of  accounts  returned  to  the  Firat  Auditor )*•* 

r.,  7r>2 

Number  of  accounts  on  Laud  June  30,  188*2 Ijy 


220  PAPKRS    ACCO^IPANYLNG    THK 

1'Ih'i-('  wiiH  \Kx\([  iiilo  tlic  Treasury  tVoni  .sources,  the  accounts  relating 
t.o  Avhieli  are  settled  in  this  oilicc: 

On  account  of  utiHtoins ?;->:20,  410,730  25 

On  aoconnt  of  iniirino-hospital  tax 406,103  59 

On  atconiil  of  steamboat  Ices ,. 279,889  30 

On  acciHiiil  of  fmca,  penalties,  aud  forfcitnres 10'),  644  80 

On  acconnt  of  storage,  fees,  &c '. 867,338  36 

On  acconnt  of  deceased  passengers 370  00 

On  acconnt  of  cniolnment  fees 368,822  74 

On  acconnt  of  mileage  of  examiners 1,542  10 

On  acconnt  of  interest  on  debts  due 853  92 

On  account  of  rent  of  ])nl)lic  buildings 3, 143  75 

On  account  of  relief  of  sick  and  disabled  seamea 2, 112  10 

On  acconnt  of  proceeds  of  government  property 22,  799  'M 

On  account  of  miscellaneous  items 59 

Aggregate 222,469,350  84 

And  there  was  paid  out  of  tlie  Treasury  on  the  following  accounts, 
viz : 

Expenses  of  collecting  the  revenue  from  customs $6, 506, 359  26 

Excess  of  deposits 3,680,845  77 

Debentures 2,092,907  27 

Public  buildings 2,365,353  31 

Construction  and  maintenance  of  lights 2,  ;i92, 147  12 

Construction  and  maintenance  of  revenue-cutters 907, 429  21 

Marine-Hospital  Service 468, 120  16 

Life-saving  stations 598,624  59 

Detection  and  prevention  of  frauds  upon  the  customs  revenue 43, 471  24 

Compensation  in  lieu  of  moieties 30, 628  82 

Protection  of  sea-otter  hunting  grounds  aud  seal-fisheries  in  Alaska..  19, 559  10 

Seal-fisheries  in  Alaska 15,263  06 

Inspecting  neat  cattle  shipped  to  foreign  j)orts 10,475  67 

Metric  standard  weights  and  measui'cs 7,747  78 

Distribution  of  standard  weights  and  measures  for  use  of  collectors..  7, 800  00 

Unclaimed  merchandise 2, 203  63 

Keport  of  taxation  upon  ship-owners  under  State  laws 1, 000  00 

Debentures  and  other  charges 179  45 

Refunding  money  erroneously  received  and  covered  into  the  Treasury  172  85 

Extra  pay  to  officers  aud  men  in  Mexican  war — revenue  marine 156  00 

Relief  of  officers  and  crew  of  whaling  barks  Mount  Wallaston  and 

Vigilant 6,000  00 

Relief  of  Sidney  P.  Luther 85  00 

Relief  of  Timothy  E.Ellsworth 2,580  50 

Aggregate 19,159,109  79 

Number  of  estimates  received  and  examined 2, 717 

Number  of  requisitions  issued '    2,  717 

Amount  involved  in  requisitions §15,729,  303  61 

The  number  of  letters  received 11,709 

The  number  of  letters  written 10,  447 

The  number  of  letters  recorded :  6,843 

The  number  of  stubs  of  receipts  for  duties  and  fees  returned  by  col- 
lectors   246,802 

The  number  of  stubs  examined 223,978 

The  number  of  stubs  of  certificates  of  payment  of  tonnage  dues  re- 
ceived and  entered 8, 061 

The  number  of  returns  received  and  examined 77, 369 

The  number  of  oaths  examined  and  registered 2,578 

The  number  of  appointments  registeretl .■ 3,680 

The  average  number  of  clerks  employed 30 

I  inclose  herewitli  a  statement  of  the  transactions  in  bonded  goods  dar- 
ing the  year  ending  June  30, 1882,  as  shown  by  the  adjusted  accounts, 
I  am,  very  respectfullv,  vour  obedient  servant, 

H.  C.  JOH^^SOiT, 
Commissio7ier  of  Cnstoms. 
The  Secretary  op  the  Treasury. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


221 


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223 


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224 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 


KErOET  OF  THE  FIKST  AUDITOR  OF  THE  TREASURY. 

Treasury  Department, 
First  Auditor's  Office, 
Washington,  October  17,  1882. 

Sir  :  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  the  following-  exhibit  of  the  business 
transacted  in  this  office  during  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1882 : 


Accouuts  a'djusted. 


Amount. 


EECEIPTS. 

Datiea  on  mercLandise  and  tonnage 

Steamboat  fees 

Fines,  penalties,  and  forfeitures 

Marine-hospital  money  collected 

Official  emoluments  of  coUectois,  naval  officers,  and  surveyors 

Monej's  received  on  account  of  deceased  passengers 

Moneys  received  from  sales  of  old  materials,  «fcc 

Miscellaneous  receipts 

Moneys  retained  from  Pacific  railroad  companies  for  accmed  interest  on  bonds 

Treasurer  of  the  United  States,  for  moneys  received 

Mints  and  Assay  Offices 

Water  rents,  Hot  Springs,  Arkansas 

Total 

DISBTTRSEMEIfTS, 

Espenses  of  collecting  the  revenue  from  customs 

Detection  and  prevention  of  frauds  on  customs  revenue 

Debentures,  drawbacks,  &c • 

Excess  of  deposits  refunded 

Kevenuecntt-er  service 

Duties  refunded,  fines  remitted,  judgments  satisfied,  &.C 

Marine-Hospital  Service 

Official  emoluments  of  collectors,  naval  officers,  and  surveyors 

Awards  of  compensation 

Light-House  establishment,  miscellaneous 

Sauries  of  light-house  keepers 

Supplies  of  hght-houses - 

Repairs  of  light-houses 

Expenses  of  light- vessels 

Expenses  of  buoyage 

Expenses  of  fog  signals 

Expense*  of  lighting  and  buoyage  of  the  Mississippi,  Missouri,  and  Ohio 

Kivers 

Expenses  of  inspeption  of  lights 

Steam-tenders  and  light-ships  for  Light-House-Service ,. 

Commissions  to  superintendents  of  lights 

Salaries  and  mileage  of  Senators - 

Salaries,  officers  and  employes.  Senate 

Salaries  and  mUeage  members  and  delegates,  House  of  Representatives 

Salaries,  officers  and  employes,  House  of  Representatives 

Salaries  of  employes,  Executive  Mansion  

Salaries  paid  by  disbursing  clerks  of  the  Departments 

Salaries,  oflicers  and  emploves.  Independent  Treasury 

Salaries  of  the  civil  list,  paid  directly  from  the  Treasury 

Salaries,  office  of  the  Public  Printer 

Salaries,  Bureau  of  Engraving  and  Printing 

Salaries,  Congressional  Library 

Salaries,  standard  weights  and  measures 

Salaries,  Steamboat-Inspection  Service 

Salaries,  special  agents,  Independent  Treasury 

Salaries,  custodians  and  .janitors 

Salaries,  Agricultural  Department 

Salaries,  Botanic  Garden 

Salaries  and  expenses,  Kational  Board  of  Health 

Salaries  of  employes,  public  buildings  and  grounds 

Contingent  expense-s.  Executive  Mansion  

Contingent  expenses,  United  States  Senate 

Contingvnt  expenses.  House  of  Representatives 

Contingent  ex])en.ses,  Dopaitiiunts,  Wa.shington 

Contingent  expenses,  Independent  Treasury 

Contingent  expenses,  Steamboat-Inspection  Service 

Contingent  expenses,  public  buildings  and  grounds 

Contingent  expenses,  oflicc  of  Public  Printer 


1.426 

$217,  547,  047  93 

1,25« 

327, 459  12 

767 

120,  923  47 

1,501 

343, 003  88 

1,191 

1, 018, 784  48 

51 

1, 190  00 

249 

340, 110  35 

698 

988, 717  31 

12 

810,  833  80 

•5 

604,  560,  683  14 

25 

147,  593,  326  82 
5, 391  D9 

i2 

7,193 

973,  657,  471  39 

1,663 

6,481,128  52 

6 

32,  553  56 

185 

1,  080, 026  03 

504 

2,  240. 989  25 

534 

743,490  61 

1,323 

L  552, 194  53 

1,145 

451,  977  59 

1,166 

813, 195  81 

161 

25,  050  04 

28 

9, 117  67 

101 

558,  969  28 

108 

311,614  77 

86 

276, 396  65 

36 

222, 623  57 

83 

306. 369  88 

57 

53,  042  74 

29 

187,  277  32 

15 

3,  512  19 

10 

140,  209  20 

3 

14, 405  24 

6 

434,  885  83 

18 

258,  618  89 

1 

731, 461  44 

72 

291, 364  94 

5 

41, 079  96 

301 

5, 89^,  459  57 

46 

336,  905  51 

1,951 

571,  751  25 

4 

13,600  00 

12 

25,  993  36 

8 

44  372  64 

4 

4,273  55 

7 

251,026  39 

5 

2,  697  38 

6 

89,001  90 

4 

76, 671  73 

5 

10,  307  04 

9 

101,  570  05 

5 

38,  969  13 

6 

12,  514  29 

42 

151, 287  77 

44 

187,  455  99 

528 

463,  992  37 

217 

99, 132  66 

896 

38, 183  75 

5 

512  63 

9 

1,500  62 

REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    TREASURY. 


225 


Accounts  adjusted. 


DISBUKSEMENTS— Continued. 


Contingent  expenses,  ^'ational  Currency,  reimburfinble - 

Conlinsent  expenseB,  Court  of  Claims .* 

Contingent  expenses.  Library  of  Congress  ••;---. ■ — 

Contingent  expenses,  executive  offices,  Territories 

Contingent  exjieuses.  Department  of  A gricnlturo 

Contingent  expenses.  Mints  anil  Assay  Ollicee - — 

Stationery,  Interior  Department - — 

Twasurer  of  the  United  States,  for  general  expenditunes — 

Gold  and  silver  bullion  account - — 

Ordin-ary  expenses,  Minis  and  Assay  Offices , 

Parting  nnd  i-etininjr  bullion 

Coinage  of  standard  silver  dollars 

Freight  on  bullion  and  coin - - 

Ti-nnspoilation  of  silver  coin t — 

Storage  of  silver  dollars - 

Fixtures  and  apparatus,  assay  otficc,  Saint  Louis 

Manufai'ture  uf  medals -- 

Legislative  expenses,  Territories  of  the  United  States 

Defending  suits  in  claims  against  the  United  States 

Kxnmiuation  of  r^  hel  archives — 

Collecting  mining  statistics - 

(ieodetic'and  '."oast  Survey  of  the  United  States 

Geological  survey  of  the  Territories  and  s-alarv  of  Directiirr 

Ulnst rations  tor  :\>port  on  geological  survey  of  the  XerTitories 

Lands  and  other  property  of  the  Uui tod  States 

Protection  and  improv<<ment  of  Hot  Springs,  Arkiinsas , 

Expenses  of  rollectuig  rentu,  Hot  SprinLjs 

ReprodncinLT  plat*  of  surveys,  General  Land  Office 

Adjusting  claims  for  iudeninity  for  swamp  lands ._ 

Protection  and  improvement  of  Yellowstone  Park 

Commission  to  ehis-sily  land  and  codify  land  hnvs 

Depredations  on  public  timber 

B«>clamation  of  arid  and  waste  lands 

North  American  Kthnology,  Smithsonian  Institution , 

Polaiis  report,  Smithsonian  Institution 

Judicial  expenses,  embracing  accounts  of  L'uited  States  marshals,  district 
attorneys,  clorks  and  commissioners,  rent  of  court-bouses,  support  of  pris- 
oners, &c 

Prosecution  of  crimes 


Suppre«8lng  coonterfeitinuj  and  oimo 

Investigation  of  fratuls,  Oince  of  Coninii8.sioner  of  Pensions . 


Kegistered  stock 
Coupons . 


INTKllEST  ACCOU'.N  r. 


District  of  Columbia,  Washington,  Georgetown,  aoid  corporation  bonds  , 

Xavv  pension  fi;nd 

Louisville  and  Portland  Canal  Company's  bonds , 


laaif.MPTiox  ACCotrxT. 
Uuitoil  States  bonds,  cnllt'd  : 

Principal 

lutt-rest  

lTultt>d  States  bonds,  pnroluised  lor  sinking  fund: 

Principal 

Int<<rest - 

Itefunding  certillcates : 

I'l-incTpal 

Interest 

Cert  illoat  es  of  deposit ,. 

Di.striet  of  Columbia  stock  : 

I'rinclpal 

Intei-cel  and  premium 

Louisville  and  Portland  Canal  Company's  l)unds 

Notes,  one  and  two  yeajs,  compoiin J  interest  und  7-30s : 

Principal 

In  t ercst 

I.egal-teniler  nntts  dcst toyed 

I'rnclioiiiU  cui renc v  destroved 

(Hd  ileniand  nr)tes  destroyeil 

Iftdeuiption,  worn  ;iml  iiiutUaled  I'liitod  States  uot^^s. . 

I!»-fuuding  the  natiuuiii  debt 

1'jxpen.ies  ofuatiou.il  currency 

JCxaminiition  of  uatiouui  UanU.saud  bank  plates 

■Judgments  of  tbo  Court  of  Claims 

Jleporting  decisions  of  the  Court  of  Claims _ 

Ontstanding  drafts  and  chci^ks 


Amount 


59 

4 

4 

7 

G 

101 

7 

5 

13 

94 

24 

39 

10 

G 

19 

1 

13 

.■■> 

3 

51 

.32 

27 

6 

12 

14 

.-) 

6 

7 

7 

1 

7 

3 

8 

12 


5,S81 

5 

28 

C 


37 

104 

11 

1 


12 

i'c" 

7 
.... 

43 


15  Ab 


.ti 
1 

1(»7 


147, 
4, 
1, 

12! 

57, 

555, 319, 

143,858, 

1,536. 

327, 

171, 

■''9, 

13, 

17. 

6, 

25, 

63, 

29, 

5, 

4, 

585, 

1«0, 

6, 

4, 

8, 

1, 

24, 

16, 

16, 

41. 

19, 

41, 

2, 


731  48 
973  37 
391  40 
182  18 
496  80 
068  S2 
711  26 
437  21 
C39  98 
950  07 
&51  02 
369  47 
892  00 
859  20 
281  02 
506  12 
498  23 

164  80 
743  50 
753  75 
598  71 
199  20 
905  42 
080  11 
575  24 
633  18 

165  47 
942  00 
453  57 
203  78 
586  59 
228  66 
533  14 
772  71 
215  30 


3.  913,  974  87 
l'>,  512  36 
97, 058  79 
*Xi,  319  30 


06, 780, 922  43 

11, 364,  550  OS 

493, 144J  18 

210,000  Oil 

10,  970  00 


80,  3j2,  550  00 
1, 487,  691  91 

73,  321,  900  00 
653,  272  85 

2 18,  ,100  00 

•Si,  441  2il 

IS,  451, 110  00 

248,  200  00 
35,287  14 
35,880  0(1 

17.840  0« 

2, 72G  K-. 

39,  221. 872  Ol» 

51,  2*«  00 

7:«  (Mt 

22,502  08 

411  07 

133,971  H.T 

79  45 

595.  .Wl  17 

1,000  00 

15,093  95 


226 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 


Accounts  adjua  1-0(1. 


DISimitSEMENTS— Continued. 


Post-Office  Dppartment  requisitions •• 

Postage -• •'• 

l/iffisariuf:  Service •••' 

Lifc-sn vins  Sorvice,  contingent  expenses .- 

EstftVilishiiii  iifcsavinsr  stations — 

Pul)lic.  jirintinir  .and  binding -■ 

Tf  lepbonio,  coniicclion  between  tho  Capitol  and  Ofrvrrnmpnt  Printnij;  Office  . 
Tolcjrraph  liotwern  tlm  Capitol,  Depart nients,  and  Government  Printing  OtRce. 

L.iboi-  iiiirt  expanses  of  ou;;iaviJig  and  printing 

Propagation  of  foodtishoH - - 

niiistrations  for  report  on  food-fislies - 

Inquiry  rcspectins  food-iislies - 

Steam  vensels  ( food-fishes) - >• 

Construction  of  fisb  pond  on  Monument  lot — --. 

Fish-hatcbins  establisbiuont 

Increase  of  Lilirary  of  Congress 

Pumitnre  for  Lilmiry  of  Congress ; 

Joint  Select  Committee  to  provide  additional  accommodations  for  Library  of 

Congress - ■ 

Works  of  art  for  the  Capitol — ■ 

Library,  Treasury  Department 

Construction  of  cuatom-houses •--" 

Construction  of  court-houses  and  post-offices - 

Construction  of  appraisers'  stores - 

Construction  of  sub-treasury  building,  New  York 

Construction  of  National  Museum ■ 

Construction  of  building  for  State,  "War,  and  Niivy  Departments 

Construction  of  barge  olfice.  New  York 

Construction  of  light-houses ---,- ■ 

Construction  of  building  for  Bureau  of  Engraving  and  Printing 

Construction  of  extension  of  Government  Printing  Office 

Construction  of  marine  hospitals 

Construction  of  sub-treasury  bailding,  S.an  Francisco — 

Construction  of  penitentiary  building,  Dakota — 

Construction  of  assay  offices ■ 

Construction  and  repair  of  revenue  steamers — 

Plans  for  public  buildings    -- - 

Completion  of  Washington  Monument 

Reconstruction  of  Interior  Department  building 

Kepairs  of  the  Interior  Department  building 

Repairs,  fuel,  &c.,  Executive  Mansion ■ 

Annual  repairs  of  the  Capitol 

Annual  repairs  of  the  Treasury  building - 

Repairs  and  preservation  of  public  buildings 

Fire-proof  roof,  building  comer  of  Seventeenth  and  F  streets 

Rent  of  buildings  in  Washington » 

Lighting,  <fec.,  Executive  Mansion - 

Lighting  the  Capitol  grounds 

i?"uel,  lights,  and  water  for  public  buildings 

Fuel,  lights,  &c.,  Department  of  the  Interior 

Furniture  and  repairs  of  same,  public  buildings 

Vaults,  safes,  and  locks  for  puldio  buildings.... .- 

Heating  apparatus  for  public  buildings 

Heating  apparatus  for  Son.ate 

Improvement  and  care  of  public  grounds 

Improving  Capitol  grounds 

Retained  percentages,  improving  Capitol  grounds 

Constmctin  g  elevator,  Executive  Mansion 

Elevator  in  Tlouse  wing  of  Capitol 

Repair  of  building  on  Tenth  street 

Purchase  of  Freedman's  Bank  building 

Iraproviug  Bot.inic  Garden  and  Imildings 

Improving  grounds,  Agricultural  Department 

Washington  Aqueduct 

Repair.s  of  water-pipes  and  fire-plugs 

(J(ni»tructing,  repairing,  and  maintaining  bridges,  District  of  Columbia 

Agricultural  Department,  experinieutal  garden 

Agricultural  Department,  library 

Agricultural  Department,  iiiiiseiini i... 

Agricultural  Department,  laboratory 

Agricultural  Department,  furniture"  cases,  &.c 

Agricultnri'l  Dej)artnient,  collee.ting  statistics 

Agricultural  Departnient.-'purebfise  and  distribution  of  valnaVde  seeds 

ConiiuiKsion  to  ie;iort  on  the  csdton  worm  and  Koeky  Mountain  locust 

InvpRtigating  di.seaaos  of  .swine  and  other  domestic  animals 

Investig.iting  tlie  liistorv  of  insects  injurious  to  agriculture 

Miichiiiery  and  experiments  in  the  manufacture  of  .sugar 

Experiments  in  llie  culture  of  tea * 

Examination  t>f  wools  aud  animal  fibers 


Amount. 


30 
90 
48 

2r< 

1.51 

7 

4 

10 

2:j 

1 

.5 
11 

4 
10 
2 

5 
5 

12 

263 

282 

14 

12 

20 

9 

164 

12 
4 
1 

12 
5 

12 

14 
7 
9 
5 
5 
6 
4 

15 

23 
5 

32 
4 
5 

70 
5 

37 
7 

20 
3 
5 
.5 


$133,  923  (T7 

143,  (..-.R  1.5 

471,410  70 

.33.691  fi8 

29,048  .34 

1,  34.5,  160  67 

193  00 

939  67 

1,2.78,  9 IS  ?6 

116,  M2  79 

37  32 

2,  099  93 

1,894  61 

4,  113  08 

'.),  99!t  81 

17,  01.'4  86 

269  50 

2,  870  00 

876  72 

471  73 

1,312,285  11 

786,571  10 

31,  Xii  94 

195  00 

22,  781  56 

380,511  ,54 

2,  806  31 
505,  265  22 

9,  580  70 

35,  898  80 

1,800  00 

3,  061  79 
533  45 

3,084  01 
62,  849  88 

4. 121  03 
135,  9G6  18 
7.5,618  64 
15,  307  59 
50,285  64 
50,130  53 
38,  989  15 
144, 192  17 

14,  527  23 
66,  260  00 
1.5, 178  41 
28,  875  69 

352,612  27 

9,350  92 

101,  620  39 

46.  386  00 
96,  424  47 

2, 453  64 

47,  780  21 
59.347  42 

4, 4S7  77 

2,  000  00 

6,  983  19 
1,000  no 

250,  000  00 
11,9.-8  64 

7,  on  .59 
17,  857  07 

],7.<^5  88 
2,747  60 

6,  .'•■95  91 
89i  32 
459  39 

2,519  19 

3,  9-59  63 
11,749  H 
93,  l-M  48 

.s,  (.96  44 

15.  880  22 
21,].'>0  27 
l:>.  788  73 

7,  051  54 
5,  788  54 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


227 


Accounts  adjusted. 


Amount. 


DISBURSEMENTS-Continued. 


Report  on  forestry 

Data  respecting  agricultural  needs  of  arid  regions,  United  States 

TratirtportatioD,  agrirultiiral  and  mineral  specimens  to  Atlanta,  Ga 

Building  for  Department  of  Agriculture « 

Preparation  of  receipts,  expi-nditurcs,  and  appropriations  of  the  government. 

Centennial  celebration,  Groton  Heights... 

Cen tenuial  celebration,  Yorktowu 

Yorktown  iloniinieut 1 

Maps  of  the  United  States 

TrauMportation  of  maps  and  reports  to  foreign  countries 

Distinctive  paper  for  United  States  securities 

Chocks  and  certificates  of  deposit 

Captured  anil  aliandoued  projierty 

Refonn  School,  District  ot  Columbia 

Freedman's  UoKpiial  and  .Vs.vlnm 

Government  Hosjiital  for  t  lie  Insane,  buildings,  &o 

Government  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  current  expenses 

Columbia  lustitiitioii  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  buildings,  &c 

Columbia  Instituticm  for  the  Deaf  aud  Dumb,  cuiTent  expenses 

Columbia  Ilosiiital  for  Women 

Howard  University 

Saint  Ann's  lui'aut  Asylum 

Children's  Ilospital 

National  Association  for  the  Relief  of  Colored  Women  and  Children 

Women's  (' hrist ian  As!?ociation 

Industrial  Home  School 

Maryland  Institution  for  the  Instruction  of  the  Blind 

Miscellaneous 

Transfers  by  warrant  and  counter- warrant 


DIBTBICT  OF  COLUMBIA  ACC0UKT8. 

Refunding  taxes 

Washington  redemption  fund 

Redenipt ion  of  tiix-licn  certilicates 

Relief  of  th(!  poor 

Support  and  medical  treatment  of  infirm  poor 

Employment  of  the  poor 

Relief  of  Thomas  Lucas 

Salaries  aud  contingent  expenses 

Improvement  and  repairs 

Washington  Asylum 

Georgetown  Almshouse 

Governn^ent  Hospital  for  the  Insane 

Transportation  of  paupers  and  prisoners 

Reform  School 

Public  schools 

Metropoli t an  police 

Fire  department 

Courts. 


Streets 

Health  department 

Miscellaneous  and  contingent  expenses 

Washington  Asylum,  building  and  grounds....... 

Markets 

Wa8hingt<in  special-tax  fund 

Payment  of  the  Liuthicum  loan 

Water  fund 

Judgments 

Industrial  Ilome  School 

Constructing,  repairing,  and  maintaining  bridges. 


Total. 


323 


$3,224  84 
2,^823  25 
715  45 
3,  147  84 
6, 545  47 
5,  000  00 

10, 128  50 

3,  587  90 
11,  909  75 

490  82 
36,  027  39 
13,  684  10 

1, 125  61 

48,  922  88 

42,  884  82 

2G,  114  85 

281,570  80 

0,  369  49 
5.',  3.'.0  73 
19,  579  03 
10,  255  00 

5,  001  58 

5,  002  56 

6,  862  97 
5,184  60 

12,097  17 

4,  b25  00 
3.10,  493  80 

18,  003  41 


3,472 

1,930 

4,172 

11,  377 

4,099 

19,  934 

•J.  741 

111.933 

R'i,  826 

51,478 

2  926 

104,  751 

5,  234 

12.786 

483,  ^62 

379,  472 

13C,  773 

2,768 

248,  .')96 

40,  974 

4.3,  703 

8,200 

14,763 

11,  972 

40,  000 

94,  589 

442 

4,918 

6,490 


20, 803  1, 025, 640, 807  75 


Nuinl)cr  of  certificates  recorded 15,179 

Nuinhcr  of  letters  recorded 4,501 

Judiciary  emolument  accounts  registered  and  referred 538 

Number  of  powers  of  attorney  for  collection  of  interest  on  the  public  debt 

examined,  registered,  and  filed 3,568 

Requisitions  a^8^ve^ed „ 1,019 


228 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


SUMMARY  STATEMENT  of  the  WORE  of  the  OFFICE,  as  shoion  hy  the,  REPORTS  of 
the  various  DIVISIONS  and  MISCELLANEOUS  DESKS. 

CUSTOMS  DIVISION.  ! 

Oomprieing  the  aeeounts  of  OoUector»  of  Cuttomefor  Receipts  of  OtiMoms  Jievenve  and  Dlghureementt  for 
the  Expenses  of  OolUcting  the  same,  and  also  including  Accounts  of  Collectors  for  Receipts  and  Disburse- 
ments tn  connr/ition  vnth  the  Revenue- Cutter,  Uteamboat, Fines,  Lvght-IJouse,  and  Marine- JTospital  Serv- 
ices, with  Accounts  for  Official  Emoluments,  Debentures,  Refunds  of  Duties,  Sales  of  Old  Materials,  and 
Miscellaneous  Disbursements. 


Amount. 


Receipts 

Disbursements 

Total... 


$220, 357,  057  96 
13, 085, 141  82 


233, 442, 199  78 


JUDICIARY  DIVISION. 

Comprising  the  Accounts  of  District  Attorneys,  Marshals,  Clerks,  and  Commisiotiers,  Rents,  and  Miscel 

laneous  Court  Accounts. 


Disbursements 5,581        $3,913,974  87 


Amount. 


PUBLIC  DEBT  DIVISION. 


Public  Debt  Division,  comprising  aM  Accounts  for  Payment  of  Interest  on  the  Public  Debt,  both  registered 
Stock  and  Coupon  Bonds,  Interest  on  District  of  Columbia  Bonds.  Pacific  Railroad  Bonds,  LouisviUe 
and  Portland  Canal  Bmids.  Navy  Pennon  Fund,  Redemption  of  United  States  and  District  of  Colum- 
bia Bonds,  Redemption  of  Coin  and  Currency  Certificates,  Old  Notes  and  Bounty  Scrip,  and  Accounts 
for  Notes  and  Fractional  Currency  Destroyed. 


Amount. 


Interest  accounts 

Kedemption  ac^onnt-s 

Total 


$65, 859,  590  69 
212, 102,  092  04 


280, 961, 682  73 


"WAEEHOUSE  AND  BOND  Dn'ISlON. 

STATEMENT  of  TRANSACTIONS  in  BONDED  MERCHANDISE,   as  shown  by  AOOOITNTS 
ADJUSTED  during  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1882. 


Number  of  accounts  adjusted 1,155 

Number  of  reports  of  "  No  transactions"  received,  examined,  and 

referred 52G 

Balance  of  duties  on  inercliaudiso  in  wareliouse  per  last  report gi'^S,  G35, 319  44 

Duties  on  merchandise  warehoused - 58,954,624  04 

Duties  on  merchandise  revrarehoused 1.506,284  65 

Duties  on  merchandise  constructively  -warehoused... 28,681,561  64 

Increased  and  additional  duties,  &c -•      1,523,348  51 

Total 113,301,138  2S 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OP  THE  TREASURY. 


229 


Contra : 

Duties  on  merchandise  withdrawn  for  consumption...... .............  564,863,899  40 

Duties  on  mercliaudise  withdrawn  for  transportation 4,565,048  IG 

Duties  on  merchaudise  withdrawn  for  exportation 27, 092,954  44 

Alk)wances  for  deficiencies,  damage,  &c -•  2,284,882  72 

Duties  on  withdrawals  for  construction  and  repair  of  vessels... 180, 437  81 

Duties  on  bonds  delivered  to  district  attorneys  for  prosecution 2,488  07 

Balance  of  duties  on  merchandise  in  warehouse 14,305,427  68 

Total 113,301,138  28 


MISCELLAlfEOUS  DESKS. 


Ko.  \.— Comprising  Accounts  of  DisbiirniiKj  Clerks  of  the  Departments  for  Salaries,  Salary  Accounts  of  tht 
carious  Aasistant  Treasurers,  and  of  the~ Congressional  Library,  I'ublic  Printer,  and  Executive  Office, 
Accounts  for  Salaries  of  the  Officcrs'and  Employis,  House  of  Representatives,  and  the  Accounts  relating 
to  the  Coast  Survey. 


o  ^ 

-Si 

Amount. 

418 

$7, 292, 272  31 

No.  2.— Comprising  the  Accounts  of  the  Disbursing  Clerks  of  the  Departments  for  Contingent  Exvensu, 
Contingent  Expenses  of  Uie  Itouse  of  Representatives  and  Assistant  Treasurers,  Accounts  of  the  Bureau 
of  Engraving  and  Printing,  Geological  So.rvcy.  Xational  Board  of  Health.  Reform  School.  S'ew  Building 
for  State,  War,  and  Navy  Departments,  and  a  very  great  Xumber  of  Miscellaneous  Accounts.  _  The  ac- 
counts on  this  desk  during  tlie  last  fiscal  year  covered  two  hundred  and  one  dij'erent  appropriations. 


a  o 


Amotmt 


Ileceipts 

Disburaementa 

Total... 


12 
1,117 


$5,391  09 
4,  926. 418  93 


1, 129  I        4, 931, 810  02 


No.  Z.— Comprising  Accounts  for  Construction  of  Oiistom- Rouses,  Post-0  flees,  Court-Houses,  and  other 
Public  Buildings  ;  Accounts  of  Light-House  Engineers  and  Inspectors  -.  Accounts  of  the  Public  Printer; 
Steamboat  Inspection  and  Life-Saving  Service ,-  the  Accounts  of  the  Government  Hospital  for  the  Insane, 
Columbia  Hospital  for  Deaf  and  Dumb,  and  many  Charitable  Institutions. 


Receipts 

Disbiirsementa 

Total  .... 


2,823 


Amount. 


f  1.  067,  676  07 
8. 194,  051  31 


9,  261.  727  38 


Xo.  i.— Comprising  the  Account  of  the  Treamirer  of  the  United  States  for  General  Expenditures  ;  the  Sal- 
ary and  Mileage  Accounts  for  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives,  onrf  the  Accounts  for  Contingent 
Expenses  of  the  United  States  Senate. 


Amount. 


l.eccipts 

Diabuvsenients 

Total .... 


5  I  $604.  560. 6»3  14 
60  I     556.  i<70.  C91  14 

65    1.101,431,374  1:8 


230 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


No.  5. — Oompriaing  Qie  Aecounti  of  Mints  and  Assay  Offices;  Saltiries  of  the  Civil  List  paid  directly  from 
the  Treasury  on  Pirst  Auditor's  Oertiftcates,  Captured  and  Abandoned  Properly  AcconntK  ;  Acrrmnti 
for  the  Legislative  and  Contingent  i!xpenses  of  the  United  Utates  Territories  and  Transportation  oj 
United  States  Securiliet. 


a  ° 

Amount. 

Receipts 

31 
2,444 

$147,606,063  13 
140  805,  275  25 

Total „ 

2,473 

294, 471,  938  38 

No.  a.— Comprising  the  Accounts  of  the  District  of  Columbia. 

3  JO 

p  o 

5  » 

Amount 

465 

$1,  941, 114  39 

TSq.  1.— Under  th«  Chief  of  the  Warehouse  and  Bond  Division,  and  Comprising  Judgments  of  the  Court 

^  3 
^=5 

Amount. 

1,311 

$1,  650, 185  00 

The  foregoing  exhibits  and  enumeration  of  the  various  accounts  which 
have  been  examined  during  the  year  and  the  balances  certified  as  by  law 
provided,  show  a  further  increase  of  clerical  labor  required  over  that 
shown  in  my  report  for  fiscal  year  ended  June  30, 1881,  and  this  clearly 
indicates  the  necessity  for  an  increase  in  the  number  of  clerks  assigned 
to  this  bureau. 

In  view  of  the  fact  that  the  official  work  of  this  office  gradually  in- 
creased for  twenty  years,  as  was  shown  in  detail  in  official  report  of 
1880,  and  the  further  fact  that  this  increase  of  labor  continued  during 
the  fiscal  years  1881  and  1882,  the  necessity  for  greater  clerical  force  is 
more  clearly  demonstrated. 

The  work  for  the  fiscal  year  is  uni)recedented  in  the  history  of  the 
bureau. 

The  increased  number  of  appropriations  for  erection  of  public  build- 
ings and  for  miscellaneous  purposes  indicates  larger  requirements  upon 
the  office  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 1883. 

For  the  foregoing  reasons,  and  for  reasons  stated  more  fully  in  my 
last  report,  I  respectfully  and  earnestly  ask  for  an  additional  chief  of 
division  and  for  at  least  three  clerks  of  class  three. 

While  I  well  know  that  one  additional  cleric  beyond  the  necessities  of 
the  public  ser\nce  in  any  bureau  or  office  is  an  injury  to  the  service  as 
well  as  a  needless  expenditure  of  the  public  moneys,  I  am  convinced 
that  the  increase  now  asked  grows  out  of  a  necessity  pressing  upon  this 
office;  and  I  would  be  derelict  in  duty  should  I  not  call  attention  to  the 
condition  of  the  .work  demanding  additional  clerical  force. 

In  closing  this  report,  I  desire  to  commend  the  deputy  auditor  and 
the  chiefs  of  divisions,  through  whose  diligence,  energy,  and  care  the 


EEPORT  OF  THE  SECEETABY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


231 


increased  work  of  this  bureau  has  been  so  promptly  dispatched  during 
the  fiscal  year. 

I  wish  to  renew  to  them  and  to  the  clerks  and  employ«5s  of  this  office 
expressions  of  esteem  and  confidence. 

I  am,  most  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

K.  M.  EEYNOLDS, 

First  Auditor. 


EEPOET  OF  THE  SECOND  AUDITOR  OF  THE  TREASUKY. 

Treasury  DEPARTiiENT, 

Second  Auditor's  Office, 

Washington,  October  11,  1882. 

Sir  :  In  compliance  with  your  request  of  the  Gth  ultimo,  I  have  the 
honor  to  submit  my  report  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1882, 
showing:  tiie  work  performed  during  that  jjcriod  and  the  condition  of  the 
public  business  intrusted  to  my  charge  at  the  close  of  the  year. 

bookkeepers'  division. 

The  following  statement  of  amounts  drawn  from  and  repaid  to  the 
War  Department  appropriations  on  the  books  of  this  office,  is  furnished 
pursuant  to  the  act  of  March  3, 1817  (section  283  of  the  Revised  Statutes), 
which  requires  that  the  auditors  charged  with  the  examination  of  the 
accounts  of  the  Deparment  of  War  shall  annually  report  to  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Treasury  the  ai)plication  of  the  money  ajqiropriated  for  that 
Depart uient.  To  tliis  statement  are  added  the  drafts  and  repayments 
on  account  of  the  appropriations  for  the  Indian  service,  without  which 
the  record  of  the  financial  transactions  of  the  office  would  be  incomplete. 


Appropiiiitions. 


Under  immedUite  control  of  the  Secretary  of  War. 


Artillei}'  scbool  at  Fortross  Mouioe,  Va 

Contingeucies  of  the  Aniiy 

En  Ileuses  of  inilitiiiy  ci>u\  iits 

Publicutiou  of  oliicial  rucoids  of  the  war  of  tbo  rebellion. 

Under  control  of  the  Commanding  General. 

£.xpeii8CS  of  tbe  Coniuiaiidiug  0<m(>riil  s  ortico 

Under  control  of  the  Adjutant-General. 

Collecting,  drilling,  au<l  organizing  voliinteors 

Contingi'iicies  of  tbt<  A(l,j'il;iut-Geueial'8  JJeijartnicut 

Draft  and  snliatitutc  fund 

E xpenaea  of  recruiting 


Under  ibntrol  of  the  Quartermatter-Oeneral. 

Clothing,  camp  and  g.'iirisuu  iMjuipago 

Under  control  of  the  Surgeon-General. 


Appljiinces  for  disabled  soldiers  . 

Artificial  limbs 

Uudi>')il  ami  hospital  depart uicut . 

Medical  iiiii.-iciiiii  and  tibraiv 

'I'ruases  I'ur  didubled  soldiers 


Drafts. 


007  70 
708  50 
■iV)  80 
490  25 


2, 500  00 


, 428  75 
,000  00 


07,  9-JO  10 


1. 

UK 
'-••jn, 

10. 
10, 


000  00 
8^:i  80 
ll'i  W! 
UOO  ('0 
UUO  00 


Repayments. 


$7  70 
2o3  83 


623  43 

82  10 

20  W 

8,  949  27 


22.041  72 
14,377  07 


232 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THIO 


Appropriations. 


Under  control  of  the  Paymaster-General. 


Bounty  under  the  aH  of  .Tuly  28, 1R66 

Bounty  to  volunteers  and  their  widows  and  legal  heirs 

Hounty  to  the  Fifteenth  and  Sixteenth  Missouri  Cavab'y 

Collection  and  payment  of  bounty,  &c.,  to  colored  soldiors  and  n^umen. 

Extra  pay  to  olUcors  and  men  wlio  served  iu  tho  war  with  Mexico 

(ienoral  expenses _ 

Mileage j 

Pay,  &c.,  of  the  Army 11 

Pay  of  the  Military  Academy I 

Pay  of  two  and  three  j'ear  volunteers 

Pa.v  of  volunteenj  (Mexican  war). 

Kaising  four  additional  regiments 


Eepaymenti 


Tinder  control  of  the  Chief  of  Ordnance. 


Armament  of  fortifications 

Arming  and  equipping  the  militia ;■. 

Allowance  for  redaction  of  wages  under  the  eight-hour  law. 

Benicia  arsenal,  Cal 

Examinations  of  heavy  ordnance  and  projectiles 

Manufacture  of  arms  at  national  armories 

Ordnance  service 

Ordnance,  ordnance  stores  and  sujiplies 

Ordnance  material,  proceeds  of  sales 

Powder  and  projectiles  (act  March  3, 1881) 

Powder  depot 

Itepairs  of  arsenals 

Hock  Island  arsenal 

Kock  Island  bridge 

San_ Antonio  arsenal 

Springfield  arsenal 

Testing  machine t 

"Washington  arsenal 

Wharf  at  Sandy  Hook,  Xew  Jersey 


.'f05,081  00 
102,421  32 

m,  000  00 

;f,595  02 
120  00 
.116,000  00  ] 
220,  088  9fi  I 
7(10,592  10  i 
176, 134  70 
73,  295  09 
87  50 


294, 

168, 


645  92 

181  59 


MisceUarieout. 

Relief  of  Lewis  A.  Kent  and  IL  B.  Eastman 

Support  of  National  Home  for  disabled  volunteer  soldiers. 
Support  of  the  Soldiers'  Home 


10, 

10, 

300, 

110, 

310, 

91, 

30, 

Ch), 

40, 


500  00 
305  55 
000  00  I 
000  00  I 
012  00  I 
687  00 
200  56  ' 
000  00  ! 
000  00  , 
000  00  I 
«00  00 

ooo  m 

000  00 

ooo  00 


5,  000  00 


511  74 
9.1O,  000  00 
76, 142  70 


Total  drafts  and  repayments  ("War  Department)  ... 

Appropr'iatlo7is  for  Vie  Indian  service. 

Buildings  at  agencies  and  repairii 

Civilization  fund  (14  Statut*.^,  Kf*:-;) 

Contingencies  of  the  Indian  Department 

Expenses  of  Board  of  Indian  Co-janiissioners 

Expenses  of  Ute  Commission ...   

EulfiUing  treaties  with  Indian  tribes 

Eullillujg  treaties  with  Indian  tiibos  (proceeds  of  lands). 

Gratuities  and  payments  to  Ute  Indians 

Incidental  expenses  of  the  Indiitsn  service 

Interest  on  Indian  trust  funds,  &c 

Pay  of  Indian  agents 

Pay  of  Indian  in.spectors 

Pay  of  Indian  police 

Pay  of  interpreters ., 

Payment  of  indemnitv  to  Poncrte 

Payment  to  Flatheads 

Payment  to  North  Carolina  Che^okees 

Payment  to  Osages  for  ceded  lands 

Eelief  of  Frank  D.  Yates  and  otJbers 

Kemoval  and  supjiort  of  Otoes  iind  Missouiias 

Bemoval  and  support  of  confederated  bands  of  Utes 

Eeservoir  at  headwaters  of  the  Mississippi  Eiver 

Shawnee  fund 

Support  of  schools,  &c '....'.'.'.'.'. '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

Support  of  various  Indian  tribes  aud  bands ..'.'.'..'... 

Telegraphing  and  purchase  of  Indian  supplies 

Transportation  of  Indian  supplies 

I'l-aveling  expeu.ses  of  Indian  inspectors " 

Vaccination  of  Indians _ 

Miscellaneous  items 


16,  377,1915  87 


20, 188  08 

125,  036  40 

33,093  58 

1,355  00 

4,  947  78 
894,  478  55 

3,  322,  279  91 
11.  999  99 
177, 309  8G 
0:!0, 184  98 
92,  087  92 
14,932,20 
72,  323  07 
25, 182  79 
72,  664  46 

5,  000  00 

3.  816  20 
236,  083  8S 

14,  675  85 
;!8, 180  10 
84,  524  78 
15,466  90 

4,  S8j  02 
121,894  95 

3,  035, 440  69 

.30.701  11 

200.  hlO  07 

.'..  978  02 

1,410  10 

1,  789  28 


Total  drafts  and  repayniients  (Indian  Department) 9, 964, 734  12 


REPOjlT   OF   THE   SECliETAKY    OF    THE    TREASUKV.  233 

GENERAL  BALANCE  SHEET  of  APFEOl'IilATIONS. 


Df.iut. 

To  amount  witlubawn  from  tho  Treasury,  July  1, 1881,  to  June  30, 1882 

To  amount  of  trannfer  warrauts  issued  to  adjust  appropriations 

To  unexpended  balance:*  carried  to  I  he  surplus  fau<l 

To  aggrre.gate  aruount  of  balances  remaining  to  the  credit  of  all  appro- 
priatioua  on  the  books  of  this  otHce,  June  30, 1682 

Total _ 

Chkdit. 

By  balances  to  the  credit  of  all  appropriations,  July  1,1881 

By  amount  of  repajments  during  the  year - 

By  amount  of  counter  warrants  issued  to  ad,iust  appropriations 

By  amount  of  appropriation  warrants  issued  during  tlio  year 

Total 


War. 


Indian. 


$16,  377,  915  87 

5, 173  02 

481,981  37 


19,064,734  12 
371,565  82 
244,  590  88 


1,478,536  60  j      11,  503,  569  72 


18, 343, 607  46 


1. 155, 295  24 

435, 858  78 

39, 435  22 

16,713,0:8  22 


18, 343,  607  46 


2, 084, 460  54 


9, 707, 893  76 

228,  336  TL' 

148,  826  2'J 

11,999,403  84 


22,  084, 460  54 


The  balance  of  811,503,509.72  remainiug  to  the  credit  of  Indian  ap- 
propriations, is  made  np  as  follows : 

Indian  trust  funds  deposited  in  the  Treasury  in  lieu  of  investment  under 

the  act  of  April  1,  1S80 lj«,740,859  14 

Proceeds  of  Indian  lands  on  de))oait  in  the  Treiisury 1,248,241  83 

Annual  and  permanent  appropiiatious 1,514,468  75 

(  Total..... 11,503,569  72 

'     The  amount  of  appropriation  warrants  issued  on  account  of  the  Indian 
service  consists  of  the  following'  items : 

Appropiiations  for  the  fiscal  year  1882 $4,625,343  80 

Interest  on  investments,  net  proceeds  of  lands,  »fcc 500,134  49 

Amount  received  from  sales  of  lands 575,006  48 

Appropriations  to  supply  urgent  deficiencies  .^ 579,000  00 

Amount  received  from  retlemption  of  bonds,  &.c 5, 705, 243  22 

Appropriated  by  special  act  of  relief - 14,675  85 

Total 11,999,403  S4 

The  following  is  a  summary  of  the  work  performed  in  the  bookkeep- 
ers' division,  incidental  to  keeping  the  accounts  of  the  oflice : 

Eequisitions  registered,  journalized,  and  posted,  4,900 ;  settlements 
recorded,  journalized,  and  ])osted,  4,197 ;  settlements  made  in  the  divis- 
ion chiefly  to  adjust  and  close  accounts,  428;  statements  of  balances,  &c., 
furnished  to  settling  clerks,  1,257 ;  certificates  of  deposit  listed  and  in- 
dexed, 1,078;  repay  requisitions  prepared  for  the  War  and  Interior  De- 
partments, 505;  appropriation  warrants  recorded  and  posted,  45;'otii- 
cial  bonds  of  disbursing  otlicers  entered,  52;  certificates  of  uou-indebted- 
^ness  issued  in  cases  of  oliicers,  410  ;  and  enlisted  men,  9i;> ;  lett^'rs  writ- 
*ten,  584 ;  amount  drawn  from  the  Treasurv  on  settlements  made  in  thi.s 
division,  $204,811.28. 

PAY.MASTKHS'   DIVISION. 


Paymasters' 
accounts. 


Longevity 
claims. 


On  haiiil  unexamined  July  1,1881 

KeCf-ivcd  duriu;;  the  year 

To  tAl 

Audited  nud  reported  to  the  Secuud  Coraptrollor 

Ou  hand  not  examined  Juno  SO,  1882 


012 

588 


900 
393 


1,120 
1,120 


1,  ot<;( 


234  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 

Tlie  }inu)iint  involved  in  398  disbursing  acconnts,  37  claims,  and  339 
miscellaneous  settlunicuts  was  $10,938,144.08,  as  follows: 

Amount  dishurseil  by  piiyiuasters $10,674,983  91 

Aiuoniit  paid  to  officers  of  the  United  States  Army  under  the  decision 

of  the  Snprenie  Court  in  the  matter  of  computing  "  longevity"  pay.  ir>,  538  08 

Amount  ])aid  to  tlie  Soldiers'  Home 81,877  81 

Amount  trauisferied  to  the  books  of  the  Third  Auditor's  office  on  ac- 
count of — 

Tobacco  sold  to  soldiers 106,271  53 

Stoppages  for  subsistence  stores,  &c 33,429  29 

Charges  on  account  of  overpayments 9,920  48 

Amount  of  overpayments  refunded 4,  495  79 

Sundry  charges  and  credits 11,627  49 

Total 10,938,144  98 

The  service  records  of  233  officers  have  been  reexamined  to  determine 
their  pay  status  under  the  acts  of  June  13, 1878,  and  February  24, 
1881. 

The  record  of  deposits  by  and  repayment  of  deposits  to  enlisted  men 
of  the  Eegular  Army,  under  the  act  of  May  15,  1872,  shows  that  8,558 
deposits  were  made,  amounting  to  $480,150.09,  and  that  0,G73  deposits, 
amounting  to  $399,032.32  were  repaid  to  soldiers  on  their  discharge  from 
the  service.  During  the  four  years  that  this  record  has  been  kept  the 
de])osits  have  aggregated  $1,762,280.24,  and  the  repayments,  inclusive 
of  interest,  $1,127,293.73. 

Letters  received,  1,210^  letters  written,  2,776. 

MISCELLANEOUS  DIVISION. 

Unsettled  accounts  on  hand  July  1,  1881 514 

Keceived  during  the  year  from  the  Secretary  of  War,  the  Adjutant-General, 
Surgeon-General,  and  Chief  of  Ordnance 1,869 

Total 2,3S3 

Accounts  settled  during  the  year ; 1,889 

Eemaining  on  hand  June  30,  1882 '..      494 

The  amount  of  disbursements  allowed  in  the  settlement  of  a<>counts 
was  $3,937,081.30,  under  the  following  appropriations : 

Arming  and  equijiping  the  militia,  armament  of  fortifications,  manu- 
facture of  arms  at  national  armories,  ordnance,  ordnance  stores  and 
snp])lies,  ordnance  service  and  other  appropriations  of  the  Ordnance 
Department $1,755,179  65 

Medical  and  hospital  department,  artificial  limbs,  medical  museum  and 
library,  and  other  appropriations  of  the  Medical  Department 455,895  10 

Eegular  and  volunteer  recruiting,  claims  for  repayment  of  local  bounty, 
accounts  for  payment  of  arrears  of  pay  and  bounty  to  colored  soldiers, 
&c 369,163  54 

Contingencies  of  the  Army,  expenses  of  military  convicts,  publication 
of  Official  Records  of  the  War  of  the  Rebellion,  contingencies  of  the  Ad- 
jutant-General's Department,  artillery  school  at  Fortress  Monroe,  ex- 
penses of  Connnandiufg  General's  office,  &c 112,384  41 

Suijport  of  National  Home  for  Disabled  Volunteer  Soldiers 1,245,358  GO 

Total ,...*. 3,937,961  30 

The  work  of  compiling  the  pay  record  of  officers  of  the  Eegular  Army 
and  volunteer  force  has  progressed  rapidly,  109,611  payments  having 
been  entered  during  the  year."  Incidentally  twenty-seven  double  ])ay- 
ments  to  volunteer  soldiers  were  discovered  and  reported  for  collection. 
A  com])rehensive  index  to  this  voluminous  record  has  been  completed 
and  has  proved  of  great  assistance  to  the  many  clerks  whose  work 
necessitates  constant  reference  to  it.    Letters  written,  2,755. 


REPORT  OP  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


235 


LNDIAN  DIVISION. 

The  work  done  in  this  division  is  shown  by  the  following  statement: 


Money 
accuuuts. 

Property 
accounts. 

Claims. 

On  hand  July  1, 1881 

24 
958 

331 

558 

60 

3,009 

Total ; 

982 
797 

889 
513 

3  129 

Settled  during  the  year 

3,020 

On  hand  June  30,1882 

185 

370 

103 

The  amount  disbursed  was  $6,154,440.83,  as  follows : 

Expended  by  Indian  agents  and  other  disbursing  officers,  and  allowed 

by  this  office §1,813,7.52  12 

Amount  paid  by  Treasury  drafts  in  settlement  of  3,026  claims  of  con- 
tractors and  others  for  supplies  and  services  -. 4,340,688  71 

Total  disbursements 6,154,440  83 

Sixty-three  transcripts  of  Indian  agents'  accounts  have  been  for- 
warded to  the  Second  Comptroller  for  transmittal  to  the  Department  of 
Justice  in  order  that  suits  may  be  entered  against  the  agents  and  their 
sureties.  The  balances  declared  to  be  due  the  United  States  in  these 
sixty-three  cases  amount  to  more  than  $1,000,000,  and  consist  to  a 
great  extent  of  items  disallowed  by  the  accounting  officers  for  reasons 
not  necessarily  incompatible  with  the  personal  integrity  of  the  agents 
to  be  sued. 

During  last  year  the  sum  of  $6,783.00  was  recovered  by  suit  and 
otherwise  in  full  settlement  of  the  accounts  of  certain  agents  no  longer 
in  commission.    Letters  written,  4,834. 

PAY  AND  BOUNTY  DIVISION. 

This  division  is  charged  with  the  settlement  of  all  claims  for  bounty 
and  arrears  of  pay,  except  such  claims  as  are  tiled  by  officers  of  the 
Army,  still  in  service,  for  increased  longevity  allowance  under  the  re- 
cent decision  of  the  United  States  Supreme  Court — tliese  claims  having 
been  assigned  to  the  Paymasters'  Division.  As  will  be  seen  by  the 
subjoined  tabular  statements,  fair  progress  has  been  made  in  the  ex- 
amination and  settlement  of  claims  during  the  past  year: 

Examining  Branch. 


Co, 

.a 

(< 

<o 

-3 

<o 

a 

.a 

a 

h3 

> 

o 

>-i 

UJ 

» 

.o 

to 

a   . 

» 

bO 

Classes  of  claims. 

0.  -' 

i 

"3 

^.1 

"-rH 

•a 

^ 

"B  ' 

^^ 

s 

s 

s 

1 

E 
'a 

o 

^ 

cc 

s 

P^ 

O 

WJiite  soldiert. 

1,357 

1,023 

175 

178 

22 

2,005 

Enliatcd  men,  subsequent  to  April,  1801— arrears  of 

23,940 

8,160 

2, 328 

7,867 

2,243 

19,  CGJ 
227 

177 

216 

38 

123 

Claims  of  Aiiiiy  laundresses,  sutlers,  tailors,  &o 

iKt 

40 

29 

9 

55 

Colored  soldieri. 

Arrears  of  pay  and  bouuty ^.... 

6, 153 

3,230 

8RJ 

1,342 

80 

7,091 

Total  .     ..,. 

31,680 

12,  609 

3,434 

9,519 

2,356 

29,040 

23G 


PAPERS   ACCO:MPANVU«a   THE 


iJelUinf)  Branch. 


Classes  of  claims. 


IS  00 

aw 


ii 


r--   bO 


5 


TTTiite  soldiers. 


CoiQDiisBioued  ofiBcers 

Eulisted  men,  subsequent  to  April,  1861 — arrears  of 

pay  and  all  bounties 

Claims  for  pay  prior  to  April,  1801 

CLnims  of  Army  laundresses,  sutlers,  tailors,  &.c 


950 


Colored  soldiers. 


Arrears  of  pay  and  bounty 


117 


2,521 


846 


2,466 

38  ! 
29 


838 


45 


75 


885 


Total 1,067 


3,434 


3,371 


55 


The  claims  settled  and  allowed  averaged  a  fraction  more  than 
$132.68  each,  the  total  amount  being  $447,267.10.  The  claims  disal- 
lowed amounted  to  upward  of  one  million  dollars.  Letters  written, 
78,114. 

DIVISION  FOR   THE  INVESTIGATION  OF  FRAUD. 

On  July  1,  1881,  7,823  cases  remained  on  hand;  380  new  cases  have 
been  received  during  the  year,  making  a  total  of  8,203  before  the  division. 
Of  these,  6,135  were  examined  and  paitially  investigated ;  1,317  were 
finally  disposed  of,  and  6,886  remain  on  hand  for  fiu'ther  action.  The 
cases  not  disposed  of  are  as  follows : 

Unsettled  claims : 

White  soldiers 43'2 

Colored  soldiers 1,584 

2,016 

Settled  claims : 

White  soldiers 734 

Colored  soldiers 3,779 

4,513 

DouUe  payments  to  officers 357 

Total 6,886 

The  sum  of  $4,311.66  has  been  recovered  by  suit  and  otherwise,  and 
deposited  in  the  Treasury;  judgments  amounting  to  $2,002.46  have  been 
obtained,  but  are  not  yet  satisfied;  $1,242.20  has  been  secured  to  claim- 
ants from  persons  unlawfully  withholding  it,  and  $226  has  been  returned 
to  the  Treasury  by  the  Pay  Department  in  cases  of  colored  soldiers. 

Abstracts  of  material  facts  have  been  made  in  478  cases ;  40  cases 
were  prepared  for  suit  and  criminal  prosecution  and  transmitted  to  the 
Department  of  Justice,  and  5,655  letters  were  written. 

I  would  again  invites  attention  to  a  matter  that  has  been  referred  to 
in  half  a  dozen  annual  reports,  namely:  The  necessity  for  some  act  on 
on  the  part  of  Congress  looking  to  an  adjustment  of  the  claims  of  those 
colored  soldiers  who  allege  that  tliey  were  defrauded  out  of  their  arrears 
of  pay  and  bounty  by  tlie  subortliuate  agents  of  the  late  Freedmen'a 
Bureau. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


237 


PROPERTY  DIVISION'. 

The  work  of  this  division  is  now  confined  to  the  examination  and  set- 
tlement of  the  qnarterly  returns  of  clothing,  camp  and  garrison  equip- 
age, rendered  by  all  officers  of  the  Army  who  are  responsible  for  that 
description  of  property.  These  returns,  by  which  upward  of  one  mill- 
ion dollars  worth  of  property  is  accounted  for  annually,  are  not  ex- 
amined by  any  other  accounting  officer,  so  that  the  action  of  this  office 
is  final. 

On  July  1,  1881,  6,241  returns  were  on  hand  unsettled;  3,569  have 
since  been  received ;  4,652  have  been  examined,  and  4,132  have  been 
settled,  leaving  5,678  on  hand  June  30,  1882.  Charges  amounting  to 
$4,178.84  have  been  made  against  officers  for  property  not  satisfactorily 
accounted  for,  and  $1,235.81  has  been  collected  on  that  account.  Lctt<irs 
written,  2,419 ;  letters  recorded,  906. 

DIVISION  OF  INQUIRIES  AND  REPLIES. 

In  addition  to-the  12,937  inquiries  from  various  bureaus  whi«h  have 
been  ansT^'^ered  during  the  year,  as  shown  by  the  subjoined  statement, 
the  following  miscellaneous  work  was  performed  in  this  division :  412 
rolls  and  vouchers  copied  and  verified ;  3,097  accounts-current,  affida- 
vits, abstracts,  certificates  of  disability,  final  statements,  furloughs, 
general  orders,  letters,  statements  of  ditlerences,  «S:c.,  copied  for  the 
office ;  13,790  descriptive  lists  briefed  and  filed  -,  3,557  signatures  com- 
pared, and  4,131  letters  written. 

Overpayments  amounting  to  $8,696.50  have  been  discovered  and  re- 
ported for  collection,  and  the  sum  of  $968.82  on  account  of  overpay- 
ments previously  reported  has  been  recovered  and  repaid  to  the  appro- 
priations from  Avhich  the  money  was  drawn. 


Office  making  inquiry. 


Aclj  ntant-Genflral — 

Quartennast«r-Genpral 

Comini88ary-Gi?neral 

Commissioner  of  PonsionH 

Ttird  Axiditor 

Miscellaneoua 

Total 


On  hanil 
Jn)y  1,1881. 


2,780 

C7 

•J3 

818 

203 


Received. 


3,970 


4,962 

272 

1,796 

1,073 

627 

751 


Answered. 


9,481 


7,324 

328 

1,885 

1,866 

783 

751 


12,937 


On  hand 
Jnne  30, 1882. 


424 
11 
4 


DmSIOX   OK  CORRESPONDENCE  AND  RECORD. 


Letters  received,  23,(X>9 ;  letters  written,  18,990 ;  letters  referred  to 
other  offices,  598;  lett^jrs  recorded  and  indexed,  1,040;  letters  returned 
uncallo<l  for,  354;  claims  received,  briefed,  and  registered,  16,213; 
miscellaneous  vouchers  received,  stamped,  and  distributed,  75,081 ;  let- 
ters containing  additional  evidence  to  ])erfect  .susj^ended  claims  briefi'd 
and  registered,  13,371 ;  pay  ajid  bounty  certificates  examined,  regis- 
tered and  mailed, 4,236;  ])ay  and  bounty  certificates  examined,  registered 
and  sent  to  the  Pay  Department,  .'5,859:  reports  (.'ailing  lor  requisitions  scut 
to  the  Secretary  of  War,  465 ;  miscellaneous  cases  disposed  of,  5,8(>9. 

AKCHITES  DIVISIOX. 

The  increased  and  much-needed  accommodation  provided  for  the  files 
of  the  office,  to  which  reference  was  made  in  last  year's  report,  has  been 


238  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

taken  advaiitnge  of  to  as  great  an  extent  as  possible.  Between  three 
and  four  million  mnster  and  pay  rolls  and  other  important  and  valua- 
ble vouchers  have  been  i)laced  in  i)erinanent  boxes  and  rearranjjjed  with 
a  view,  first,  to  their  presci-vation  ;  secondly,  to  facility  of  reference;  and 
thirdly,  to  economy  in  space. ,  Incidental  to  this  work  it  was  necessary 
to  examine  and  verify  1,820,285  vouchers;  to  stencil  7,331  file-boxes 
with  the  number,  date,  «&c.,  of  the  settlements,  and  to  brief  6,268  boxes, 
so  as  to  clearly  indicate  the  character  of  the  vouchers  therein  contained. 
The  regular  business  of  the  division  is  shown  by  the  following  state- 
ment: 

rayniastere'  accounts  received  from  the  Pay  Department 519 

Confirmed  settlements  received  from  the  Second  Comptroller,  entered,  in- 
dexed, and  filed  :  Paymasters',  107 ;  Indian,  2,393 ;  niiscellaneous,  1,017 3, 517 

Miscellaueons  accounts  withdrawn  for  reference  and  returned  to  the  files..  l,7t>8 
Vouchers  withdrawn  from  the  tiles  for  use  in  the  settlement  of  accounts  and 

claims  and  for  rejjairs 29,657 

Vouchers  returned  to  files 43,958 

Voncliers  briefed 60,237 

MutihJted  and  worn  vouchers  repaired  and  retured  to  the  files 15,090 

Number  of  pages  copied 2,797 

Letters  written 319 

RECAPITULATION. 

Number  of  accounts  and  claims  of  all  kinds  on  hand  July  1,  1881,  in- 
cluding 5,812  renewed  applications  for  arrears  of  pay  and  bounty. ..  40,229 
Number  of  accounts  and  claims  received  during  the  year 24,400 

Total ; 64,629 

Number  disposed  of,  including  rejected  and  referred  claims  for  pay  and 
bounty  26,189 

Number  of  accounts  and  claims  on  hand  June  30,  1882 38, 440 

Amount  drawn  out  of  the  Treasury  in  payment  of  claims  and  in  ad- 
vances to  disbursing  oflicers $26,  342, 649  99 

Less  repayments  of  unexpended  balances,  &g 664,195  50 

Net  amount  paid  out - 25,678,454  49 

Total  number  of  letters  written 120,580 

Average  number  of  clerks  employed 145 

PROCEEDS  OF  INDIAN  LABOR. 

For  several  years  past  questions  have  arisen  from  time  to  time,  in  the 
settlement  of  Indian  agents'  accounts,  as  to  the  proper  disposition  of 
moneys  derived  from  the  product  of  Indian  labor,  pasturage  on  Indian 
lauds,  &c.  In  June,  1876,  the  matter  was  referred  to  the  First  Comp- 
troller (Hon.  R.  W.  Tayler),  who  said :  "  In  my  opinion,  receipts  for  the 
.product  of  labor  of  Indians  and  for  use  and  occupancy  of  their  lands 
are  not  public  moneys,  within  the  meaning  of  section  3,618  of  the  Revised 
Statutes,  which  are  to  be  covered  into  the  Treasury  as  miscellaneous 
receipts.  If  such  moneys  should  be  covered  into  the  Treasury  they  can- 
not be  withdrawn  except  on  api)ropriations  made  by  law.  "While  it  is 
lirobable  such  moneys  may,  under  the  direction  of  the  Department  of 
the  Interior,  be  expended  for  the  benefit  of  the  Indians,  I  am  not  aware 
of  any  law  which  provides  for  it.  If  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  should 
deem' it  proper,  I  think  Congress  would  direct  the  mode  of  expendi- 
ture."   The  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  concurred  in  this  view  and  recom- 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     239 

nendod  to  the  Seoretnry  of  the  Interior  that  Congress  be  requested  to 
authorize  the  dei)o.sit  of  such  fundus  to  tlie  credit  of  an  appropriation  for 
the  benefit  of  the  ])artieuhir  tribe  or  baud  of  Indians  entith^d  tlu  reto. 
On  October  18,  1870,  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  wrote  as  followis  to 
the  Commissioner  of  Indian  Affairs  :  "  The  money  may  be  exi>ended 
under  your  personal  direction,  but,  as  a  rule,  when  tlie  nn)ney  is  re- 
ceived for  the  sale  of  produce,  the  result  of  the  labor  of  any  individual 
Indian,  it  sliould  be  exi)ended  for  his  sole  benefit,  and  if  of  any  consid- 
erable number  less  than  a  baud  it  should  be  expended  for  their  benetit, 
80  that  in  all  cases  the  Indian  shall  receive  the  benefit  of  his  or  her  i)er- 
sonal  industry."  In  18S()  the  Second  Comptroller  and  Second  Auditor 
agreed  that  in  the  settlement  of  Indian  agents'  accounts  all  such 
moneys  should  be  charged  and  credited  under  the  special  caption  of 
"Indian  moneys — proceeds  of  labor,  &c." 

There  can  be  no  dituV)t  as  to  the  justice  and  equity  of  treating  these 
moneys  in  the  manner  indicated  above,  but  it  needs  the  authority  of 
law,  and  to  that  end  I  suggest  that  the  subject  be  brought  to  the  at- 
tention of  Congress. 

MILEAGE  OF  ARMY  OFFICERS. 

Under  section  1273  of  the  RcA'ised  Statutes,  as  amended  by  the  act 
of  Jidy  26,  1876  (19  Stat.,  100),  officers  of  the  Army  traveling  under 
orders,  without  troops,  are  allowed  eight  cents  per  mile,  provided  they 
have  not  been  furnished  with  transj)ortatiou  in  kind  by  the  United 
States.  I  suggest  that  the  law  be  further  amended  so  that  mileage 
shall  not  be  allowed  when  an  officer  travels  on  a  free  pass.  Officers  of 
the  Treasury  and  Interior  Departments,  and  I  presume  of  all  other  Ex- 
ecutive Departments  who  present  accounts  for  traveling  expenses,  are  re- 
quired to  make  affidavit  that  "  no  part  of  the  travel  has  been  under  any 
free  jiass  on  any  railway,  steamboat,  or  other  conveyance."  It  is  neither 
just  nor  reasonable  that  officers  of  the  Army  shoukl  be  paid  eight  cents 
per  mile  while  traveling  on  free  passes.  In  such  cases  they  should  be 
placed  on  equality  with  thecivil  olficersof  the  United  States,  and  should 
be  reimbursed  to  the  extent  of  their  actual  and  necessary  expenses, 
and  no  more.  In  analogy  to  what  is  demanded,  under  oath,  from 
Treasury  and  Interior  Department  officials.  Army  officers  should  bo 
required  to  certify  on  honor  that  charges  for  traveling  expenses  were 
actually  paid  or  incurred,  and  that  no  i)artof  the  travel  for  which  they 
claim  mileage  was  made  on  a  free  pass  on  any  railway,  steamboat,  or 
other  conveyance. 

^  THE  SOLDIERS'  HOME. 

By  section  4818  of  the  Keviscd  Statutes  all  forfeitures  on  account  of 
desertion  and  all  moneys  belonging  to  the  estates  of  deceased  soldiers, 
remaining  unclaimed  for  three  years  subsecpient  to  the  death  of  such 
soldiers,  are  set  apart  and  ai)propriatcd  for  the  sui)])ort  of  the  Soldiers' 
Home.  I  find  that  twenty-one  years'  arrearages  are  due  said  Home  on 
account  of  moueys  forfeited  by  those  tleserters  from  the  regular  Army 
■who  were  never  heard  of  after  desertion.  With  a  few  trilling  excep- 
tions the  accounts  of  siu-h  deserters  have  not  been  settled.  \\'hen  the 
men  were  dro])ped  from  the  rolls  of  the  Army  such  data  as  were  neces- 
sary to  an  adjustment  of  their  ])ay  accounts  were  entered  on  the  muster- 
rolls,  and  there  the  matter  ended.  There  is  also  a  large  sum  due  the 
Home  on  accountof  unclaimed  money  belonging  to  the  estates  of  soldiers 


240  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

who  died  prior  to  July  1,  1870.  The  aggregate  amount  payable  to  the 
Home  from  these  two  sources  is  estimated  at  upward  of  one  million  dol- 
lars. It  is  clearly  the  duty  of  the  accounting  officers  of  the  Treasury 
Department  to  adjust  and  settle  the  accounts  of  deceased  soldiers  and 
desert^jrs  so  that  the  Home  may  receive  what  the  law  has  set  apart  and 
appropriated  for  its  su])port,  but  the  necessary  clerical  force  is  lacking. 
1  estimate  that  it  would  take  six  exi)erienced  clerks  five  years  in  this 
office,  and  a  proportionate  number  for  the  same  period  in  the  Second 
Comptroller's  Office,  to  bring  the  work  up  to  date. 

In  view  of  all  the  circumstiinces,  and  considering  especially  the  length 
of  time  that  the  Soldiers'  Home  has  been  deprived  of  a  portion  of  its 
legitimate  income,  I  venture  to  suggest  a  plan  by  which  an  equitable 
settlement  between  the  United  States  and  the  Home  can  be  arrived  at 
without  the  expense  and  delay  of  examining  and  adjusting  the  pay  ac- 
counts of  deceased  soldiers  and  deserters,  namely :  That  Congress  shall 
appropriate  a  reasonable  amount,  say  one  million  dollars,  to  be  depos- 
ited in  the  Treasury  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  section  8  of 
Senate  bill  No.  1821,  prescribing  regulations  for  the  Soldiers'  Home, 
and  now  pending  in  Congress ;  said  amount  to  be  accepted  by  the  Home 
in  full  discharge  of  all  obligations  on  the  part  of  the  United  States, 
under  section  4818  of  the  Eevised  Statutes,  up  to  and  including  June 
30, 1879. 

A  STATUTE  OF  LIMITATION  NEEDED. 

Adverting  te  the  remarks  in  my  last  annual  report  in  regard  to  a 
statute  of  limitation,  I  again  invite"attention  to  the  subject  as  one  that 
caMs  for  early  and  favorable  consideration.  Th-ere  exists  a  continually 
increasing  necessity  for  such  a  law.  It  is  required,  not  that  the  payment 
of  just  debts  may  be  evaded,  but  that  the  public  treasury  may  be  pro- 
tected from  unscrupulous  claimants  and  from  the  vexatious  demands  of 
persons  who,  having  received  all  they  are  entitled  to,  make  new  appli- 
cations in  the  hope,  apparently,  that  something  in  their  favor  may  ^-  turn 
up"  on  a  re-examination  of  tlieir  claims,  or-that  the  evidence  of  former 
payment  may  not  have  been  ])reserve(l.  Of  the  claims  growing  out  of 
the  war  of  the  reliellion  only  a  small  percentage  of  those  last  presented 
possess  either  merit  or  validity,  and  that  percentage  is  diminishing  with 
the  lapse  of  time,  while  the  labor  of  examination  and  investigation  is 
materially  increasing.  A  statute  of  limitation  that  would  bar  and  pre- 
clude from  settlement  all  claims  growing  out  of  the  late  war  not  pre- 
sented within  two  years  from  the  date  of  the  enactment,  and  all  other 
claims  not  presented  within  six  years  from  the  time  they  accrued  would, 
1  believe,  be  regarded  with  favor  by  all  the  accounting  officers  of  thu 
Treasury  Department,  ^^'it]lout  snch  a  statute  no  child  now  liviug  will 
ever  see  the  day  when  the  i>r<'sontation  for  payment  by  the  government 
of  claims  of  the  class  first  mentioned  will  have  ceased. 

CONDITION   OF    THE   miTJC   EUSTNESS. 

The  condition  of  the  ])ublic  business  inl rusted  to  my  charge  is  shown 
l>y  the  following  comparative  statement  of  accounts  and  claims  received, 
disposed  of,  and  remaining  on  hand  in  the  fiscal  years  1881  and  1882: 


REPORT  OF  THP:  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


241 


Fiscal  ybab  1881. 


Fiscal  tbab  1882. 


Pesciipliou  of  accounts,  Jcc. '    Knm'ber  of  accoanta  and  claims.    I    Number  of  accoonts  and  claima. 


Received. 

Disposed  of. 

On  hand, 
June  30. 

Iteceived. 

Disposed  of. 

On  hand, 
Jane  30. 

I>isburging  accounts. 

Array  pajtnaaters 

KecruitiuK,    medical,    ord- 
nance, and  niiscellaneoua. . 
Indian  agents.. 

601 

1,732 
847 

419 

1,664 
1,160 

312 

514 
24 

588 

1,869 
958 

398 

1,889 
797 

502 

494 

18.-) 

Total  di  sLursingacconuts 

3,180 

3,249 

850 

3,415 

3,084 

1,181 

Claim  ». 

Arrears  of  pay  and  bounty. . 
Indian 

8,682 
3,  052 

9,110 

■•!,  140 

32,  747 
60 

13, 789 
3,009 

15,434 
3,026 

31, 102 

103 

11, 734 

12,  250 

32,807 

16,858 

18.4G0 

31  205 

Property  accounts. 
Clotbing,  camp  and  garrison 

■ 

3,649 
354 

4,9C9 
372 

6,241 

331  ! 

3.  560 
558 

4,132 
513 

5  678 

Indian 

370 

Total  property  accounts. 

4,003 

5,  341 

6,572  ! 

4,127 

4,645 

6,054 

18,  917 

1 

20,  840 

40, 229 

24,  400 

26, 189 

38,440 

It  will  be  seen  by  the  foregoing*  statement  that,  as  compared  with  last 
year's  record,  there  was  an  increase  of  5,483  in  the  nninber  of  accounts 
and  claims  received,  and  of  5,349  in  the  number  disposed  of  j  and  a  de- 
crease of  1,789  in  the  number  on  hand.  While  the  business  of  the  office 
is  thus  shown  to  be  in  a  satisfactory  condition  in  the  aggregate,  the 
state  of  disbursing  accounts  calls  for  some  explanation.  The  recruiting, 
medical,  ordnance,  and  miscellaneous  disbursing  accounts  are  promptly 
rendered  to  this  office  and  are  settled  with  sufficient  dispatch  to  prevent 
accumulation.  The  accounts  of  Indian  agents  have  temporarily  accu- 
mulated, there  being  185  on  hand  June  30,  1882,  against  2-1  on  hand 
June  30,  1881.  This  increase  is  accounted  for  by  the  fact  that  an  un- 
usually large  number  was  received  from  the  Indian  Office  too  late  to  be 
taken  up  for  settlement  before  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year.  Tlie  accounts 
of  paymasters  have  unavoidably  accumulated  since  June  30,  1880,  on 
which  date  only  130  remained  unexamined.  On  June  30, 1881 ,  the  num- 
ber had  increased  to  312,  and  on  June  30,  1882,  it  had  still  further  in- 
creased to  502.  This  increase  is  due  to  two  causes,  namely,  the  insuffi- 
cient clerical  force  of  the  paymasters'  division,  and  the  complex  nature 
of  the  accounts,  wliich  now  consist,  not  only  of  the  ordinary  bi-montlily 
muster  and  ])ay-n>ils  of  companies  and  detarhnionts,  linal  payments  to 
discharged  soldiers,  and  monthly  pay  accounts  of  commissioned  officers, 
but  also  of  mileage  accounts  and  vouchers  ibr  t(}legrams,  expenses  of 
witnes.ses  before  conits-martial,  &c.  The  i)ropcr  examination  of  mileage 
and  telegram  accounts  adds  very  materially  to  the  work  of  the  auditing 
clerks.  The  delay  in  the  settlement  of  paymasters'  accounts  now  aver- 
ages two  years,  so  that  a  paymaster  does  not  know  how  he  stands  offi- 
cially on  the  books  of  the  Treasury  Department  until  two  years  after  he 
has  rendered  his  accounts,  neitlier  does  the  Trcasniy  J)e]>artment  know 
until  aftei"  the  same  la]»se  of  time  whetlier  the  ])aymaster  has  pro]torly 
accounted  for  the  largi;  sums  of  money  atlvanced  to  him  for  (lisbursc- 
ment.  The  law  requires  that  "  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  shall 
cause  all  accounts  of  the  expenditure  of  public  money  to  be  settled 
within  each  fiscal  year"  (section  250  lieviscd  Statutes),  and  it  would 
16  Ab 


242 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 


seem  to  l>e  due  to  tlio  paymaster  and  tbo  sureties  on  liis  official  bond  as 
well  as  to  the  United  States,  that  some  measure  should  l)e  adopted  which 
will  enable  the  accounting  officers  to  settle  these  accounts  within  the 
time  prescribed  by  the  statutes.  The  following?  case  is  given  as  a  lair 
sample  of  the  delay  that  occurs  in  the  three  offices  through  which  an 
Army  paymaster's  accounts  pass  after  leaving  his  hands: 

STATEMENT  showing  DELAY  in  SETTLING  a  PAYMASTER'S  ACCOUNTS. 


Bate  of  accounts. 


.TulvandAiis--.  1S70. 
Sept.  ami  Oct.,  1879. 
Nov.  and  Dec,  1870. 

January,  1880 

Ffbruai-v,  1880 

March,  188U 

April,  188') 

May  and  June,  1880. 


Received  in  the  Pay- 

master-Crcneral'a 

office. 


Novembor  7, 1870  . . 
November  17, 1S70  . 
January  in,  1880  ... 
robruiirv  16, 1880  . . 

March  1.5,1880 

May  11, 1880 

Jfay  15,  1880 

July  14, 1880 


Received  in  tho 

Second  Auditor's 

office. 


March  12,1880  .. 
March  2.3,  i;S80  .. 
June  14, 1880... 

Julys,  1.S80 

July  27, 1880  ... 
August  25,  1880  , 
August  2.j,  1880  , 
October  2, 1880  . , 


Remarks. 


1  Examined  in  Second  Amlilor'«c(I)ce  and 
I  sent  to  Second  Coniptj-nllr.r  for  revis- 
i  ion,  Ai)ril  27, 1881.  lleviae*!  in  Second 
I  Com))! roller's  office  and  returned  to 
I  Second  Auditor  to  be  slated,  October 
12,  1881.  Stated  by  Second  Auditor 
I  Koveinher  1(>,  1881.  Certifif-d  by  Sec- 
j     ond  Comptroller,  January  I'-f,  1882. 


The  average  delay  in  each  office  was  as  follows:  Paymaster-General's 
office,  3|  mouths;  yecoud  Auditor's  office,  10|  mouths;  Second  Comp- 
troller's office,  7^  months. 

The  comparatively  slight  progress  that  has  been  made  toward  clearing 
off  accumulated  work  is  chieiiy  attributable  to  the  repeated  demands 
upon  this  office  for  clerks  to  assist  in  other  bureaus  of  the  Department. 
Emergeucies  will  coutiime  to  arise  when  the  X)Ower  given  to  the  head  of 
a  Department  by  section  lOG  of  the  Kevised  Statutes  to  alter  the  dis- 
tribution of  the  clerks  allowed  by  law  and  detail  clerks  credited  to  one 
bureau  for  service  in  another  must  be  exercised.  At  one  time,  in  con- 
sequence of  an  unusual  amount  of  labor  suddenly  imposed  upon  the 
Loan  Division  and  Eegister's  office,  no  less  than  sixteen  clerks  on  the 
pay-rolls  of  this  office  were  detailed  for  work  elsewhere.  At  the  present 
time  five  are  so  absent,  and  the  average  for  the  last  fiscal  year  was  at 
least  five.  All  these  were  experienced  and  efficient  clerks,  for  such  are 
always  asked  for,  and  none  others  taken  or  received. 

"Wiiile  the  clerical  force  was  nominally  the  same,  5,349  more  accoun1i»s 
and  claims  were  disposed  of  than  during  the  preceding  year,  and  the  num- 
ber unsettled  diminished  by  1,789.  The  additional  work  of  five  efficient 
and  experienced  clerks  would  have  largely  increased  these  figures.  ]S'o 
bureau  of  the  department  needs  more  than  this  the  entire  force  accorded 
to  it  by  law.  Of  the  38,440  unsettled  accounts  and  claims,  a  very  large  pro- 
portion has  been  pending  more  than  five  years.  It  is  not  surprising,  then, 
that  claimants  become  importunate  aiul  not  uufrequeutly  abusive  in 
their  correspondence.  They  are  entitle<l  to  a  settleinent,  and  it  is  ex- 
tremely difficult  to  give  a  satisfactory  reason  for  the  delay.  At  the 
present  time,  so  far  as  I  am  aware,  there  is  no  extraordinary  demand 
upon  any  of  the  bureaus  of  the  Treasury  Department,  and  if  more  clerical 
force  is  needed  it  shoultl  be  supjdied  by  legislation.  The  business  of 
this  office  is  pressing.  It  has  never  to  my  knowledge  had  any  assistance 
from  other  bureaus;  certaiuiy  not  without  according  an  equivalent  by 
an  exchange,  and  it  is  fairly  entitled  to  its  legal  coniplement  of  clerks. 

The  facts  herein  set  forth  as  to  the  work  performed  during  the  year 
are  sufficiently  indicative  of  the  faithfulness  and  elficiency  of  the  cleri- 
cal force  of  the  bureau. 
Very  resi)ectfully, 

O.  FEKRISS,  Auditor. 

The  Hon.  Secketary  of  tke  Tkeasuey. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


243 


EEPORT  OF  THE  THIKD  AUDITOR  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


Treasury  DEPART^iiENT, 

Third  Auditor's  Office, 
Washingt07i,  D.  (7.,  Octoher  30,  1SS2. 

Sir  :  I  have  the  honor  to  transmit  lierewith  report  of  the  operations 
of  this  office  for  the  lineal  year  ended  June  30,  1882.  The  following 
statement  shows,  in  tabular  form,  the  number  and  amount  of  accounts 
and  claims  remaining  on  hand  unsettled  at  the  close  of  the  last  fiscal 
year,  the  number  received  and  audited,  and  the  number  and  amount  of 
accounts  and  claims  remaining  unsettled  June  30,  1882,  viz : 


REPORT  of  BUSINESS  TRANSACTED  in  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  18S2. 


Description  of  accounts. 

a  S 
<^  = 
o  U^ 

an. 
c  ^  o 
c  '^  " 

ill 

'A 

Numhcr  of  accounts  set- 
tled iu  fiscal  year  ended 
Juno  30,  1882, 

Nnmberof  accounts  nn- 
setUed  June  30,  1882. 

Montlily 
and  quar- 
terly. 

Monthly 
and  quar- 
terly. 

Monthly 
and  quar- 
terly. 

Amount  in- 
volved. 

Monthly 
and  Quar- 
terly, 

Amount  in- 
volved. 

Quartorni asters'  money 

Qiiartt^nijaKtors'  jiropcrty. .. 

Coniniissaric^   nioiii'v   

Pension  a;icnts'  nioucy 

422 

1,079 

.532 

253 

58 

«S 

191 

4,701 

71 

fiS8 

13,  290 

13 

2,991 
3,192 
1,  924 
455 
192 
118 
806 
454 

1 

38 

3,614 

1 

2,650 

3,488 

1,494 

416 

219 

$12,517,962  77 

763 

783 

962 

202 

31 

186 

1,055 

•    4,804 

70 

690 

13,  515 

10 

$1, 072, 202  64 

3, 796,  079  34 
37, 528, 064  66 
8,221,812  41 

1,  230, 191  61 
60,472,491  48 
4  826  580  08 

604,064  13 

SiKiial  ollicers' pr<M>eity 

Cliiinis  for  horses  lost  

Claims  for  steamboats  do- 

2 
441 

2 

30 

3,398 

4 

61, 147  83 

50,  000  00 

5,321  82 

2,  780,  305  08 

514,321)  42 

868,  513  OS 

672,  003  87 

6,  047  25 

9,312,165  13 

4,  345,  020  12 

Miscollanfous  claims 

Total 

21,405 

13,846 

12, 150 

65, 476,  074  33 

23, 161 

74,  371, 178  28 

noOKKEEPER'S  DIVISION. 


The  duty  devolving  upon  this  division  is  to  keep  the  appropriation 
and  money  accounts  of  disbursing  ollicers,  which  aro  settled  iu  this 
oliico. 


244 


papj:rs  accompanying  the 


Tlioi  annexed  statement  shows  tlie  amount  drawn  out  of  certain  of  its 
ai)proi)riatiou  accounts,  and  also  the  repayments  made  through  this 
office  into  the  Treasury,  and  is  a  full  exhibit  of  its  financial  operations 
during  the  fiscal  year : 

STATEMENT  shoivivff  the  FINANCIAL  OPERATIONS  of  the  OFFICE  duriitg  the 
fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1882. 


o  ti© 

o  a  MS* 

p  =«  a  ® 
et  wc^ 


•He® 

^.5  1^ 


a  ►!  3 


«  (H    OS 

Vi  MO  9 


Total. 


Number  of  requisitions  drawn  by  the 
Secretaries  or  War  and  Interior  on  tlio 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury  in  favor  of 
sundry  persons,  3.6C1,  amounting  to 
$90,937,5ti9.46,  paid  in  the  mannpr  here- 
in set  forth  and  out  of  the  following 
appropriations,  viz : 

Regular  supplies,  Quartermaster's  Depart- 
ment   

Incidental  expenses,  Quartermasters  De- 
partment   

Barracks  and  quarters,  Quartermaster's  De- 
partment   

Ai-my  transportation.  Quartermaster's  De- 
partment   

Army  transportation  (Pacific  railroads) 

National  cemeteries 

Pay  of  superintendenta  of  national  ceme- 
teries    

Clothing,  camp  and  garrison  equipage 

Observation  and  report  of  storms 

Signal  Service 

Observation  and  exploration  in  Arctic  Seas . . . 

Construction,  maintenance,  and  repair  of 
military  telegrai)h  lines 

Constructing  jetties,  <tc.,  at  South  Pass, 
Iklississippi  Kiver 

Construction  and  repairs  of  hospitals 

Headstones  for  graves  of  soldiers  in  private 
cemeteries - 

Cavalry  and  artillery  horses 

Fifty  per  centum  of  arrears  of  Army  trans- 
portation due  certain  laijd-grant  railroads. . 

Surveys  and  reconnaissances  in  military  di- 
visions and  departments 

■Ringgold  BarracKS 

Buikungs  for  military  headquarters  at  Fort 
Snolling,  Minn 

Buildings  for  military  headquarters  at  San 
Antonio,  Tex 

Macadamized  road  from  Vicksburg  to  the 
national  cemetery,  Mississippi 

Boad  from  Chattanooga  to  the  national  ceme- 
t-ery,  Tennessee '. . 

Military  road  near  the  Musselshell  Kiver, 
Montana 

Boad  from  Fort  Scott  to  the  national  ceme- 
tery, Kansas 

MUitaxy  post  near  northern  boundary  of 
Montana 

Carriage-way  from  New  Market  street  to  the 
United  States  military  depot,  Jefierson- 
rille,  Ind 

Buildings  for  military  quarters  at  Fort  Leav- 
enworth, Kans  

Transportation  and  distribution  of  rations 
and  supplies  to  the  sufferers  by  overflow  of 
Mississippi  River 

Claims  for  quaitcmiasters'  stores,  &c.,  act 
July  4,  1864 

Claims  for  loyal  citizens,  &c 

Awards  for  quartermasters'  stores  taken  by 
the  Army  in  Tenuessee 

Payment  to  the  city  of  Port  Huron  proceeds 
o"f  sale  of  j)art  of  Fort  Gratiot  MUitary 
lleservation 

Capture  of  Jefierson  Davia 

Sundry  engineer  appropriations 


$3,  599, 251  10 

982, 065  93 

877,  813  78 

4, 105, 476  15 


100, 552  03 

57, 918  65 

1,  239, 025  28 

375, 040  53 

10,  500  00 

25,  000  00 

75,  042  25 


76,  348  95 

40,  000  00 
202, 674  74 


810  00 
29  19 

45,  000  00 

64,  000  00 

10,  000  00 

5,000  00 
55, 705  84 

5,  500  00 
45,  000  00 

4,  000  00 
30,  000  00 

15,  319  47 


11, 881,  528  72 


$18,  799  62 

17, 246  13 

15, 391  83 

238, 265  30 
811,  054  23 


167  00 
4, 425  02 


175,  000  00 


37  50 
178, 179  18 


276,  777  54 
255  00 


007  40 


$249  22 

60  34 

145  96 

828  16 
18  05 


43  63 


379  23 


$3,618,299  94 
999,  372  40 
351  57 


893, 

4,344, 
811, 
100, 

58, 

1,  243, 

375, 

10, 

25, 


569  61 
072  28 
552  03 

085  65 
493  93 

040  5>'^ 
500  00 
000  00 


75,  042  25 


19,960  31  

293  00  

142  92  I   3, 555  87 


175, 
76. 


40, 
293, 


000  00 
348  95 

000  00 
091  47 

, 179  18 

810  00 
29  19 

000  00 

000  00 

000  00 

000  00 

705  84 

500  OC 

000  OO 


4. 000  00 
30, 000  00 

15,  319  47 

276,  TTT  54 
255  00 


19, 906  31 

293  00 

11,  885, 227  51 


REPORT  OF  TIIK  SECKETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


245 


STATEMENT  shoicuKj  tkc  FINANCIAL  OPEUAUONS  of  the  OFFICE,  «fT.— Con. 

tinaetl. 


Subsistence  of  the  Army • 

Support  of  military  prison  at  Fort  Leaven- 
worth, Kaus 

Lost  horses,  &.C.,  act  March  3,  1849 

Kations  for  relief  of  persons  rendered  desti- 
tute by  overflow  ot  Mississippi  River 

Pensions  of  the  Army 

Support  of  Bureau  of  Eefugees,  Freedmen, 
Arc 


O  MS 


$2, 390,  890  00 
62,461  17 


,    B  3  «J 

cj      u  a 


$3C,  143  83 


$28  50 


Total. 


349, 958  88 
62, 402, 255  00 


565  00 


$2, 427,  062  33 

62,  461  17 
565  00 


' I        349,958  ?8 

4, 175  60  ■ !  62,406,430  66 


540  37 


540  37 


Total 89,134,107  C6     1,797,552  47  !      5,849  33     90,937,569  46 

The  number  of  credit  and  counter  requisitions  drawn  by  the  Secretaries  of  "War  and  Interior  on 
sundry  persons  in  favor  of  the  Treasurer  of  the  United  States  is  1,522,  on  which  repayments  into  the 
Treasury  have  been  made  through  the  Third  Auditor's  OtBce  during  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30, 
1882,  as  follows: 

Deposits $2,239,586  87 

Transfer  accounts 164,530  54 

Total 2,404,117  51 

QUARTER3IASTEKS'  DIVISION. 

The  accounts  of  quartermasters  cover  a  wide  jaiiofe  of  money  and 
property  responsibility.  The  former  embraces  disbursements  for  bar- 
racks and  quarters,  hospitals,  storehouses,  offices,  stables,  and  trans- 
portation of  Army  supplies,  the  purchase  of  Ai-my  clothing,  camp  and 
garrison  equipage,  cavalry  and  artillery  hoi-ses,  fuel,  forage,  straw,  ma- 
terial for  bedding,  and  stationery ;  payment  of  hired  men  and  of  "  per 
diem"  to  extra  duty  men;  expenses  incurred  in  the  pursuit  and  appre- 
hension of  deserters;  for  the  burial  of  officers  and  soldiers,  for  hired 
escorts,  expresses,  interpreters,  spies,  and  guides ;  for  veterinary  sur- 
geons and  medicines  for  horses,  for  supplying  posts  with  water,  and  for 
all  other  proper  and  authorized  outlays  connected  with  the  movements 
and  operations  of  the  Army  not  expressly  assigned  to  any  other  depart- 
ment. Property  purchased  with  the  funds  of  the  Quartermaster's  De- 
partment is  accounted  for  upon  "returns"  transmitted  through  the 
Quartermaster-General  to  this  office  (with  the  exception  of  "  returns  of 
clothing,  camj)  and  garrison  equipage,"  which  come  under  the  super- 
vision of  the  Second  Auditor),  showing  that  the  disposition  made  of  it 
is  in  accordance  with  law  and  Army  regulations. 

REPORT  of  the  QUARTERMASTER'S  DIVISION   for  ihe  fiscal  year  ended  June  30, 

1882. 


Money  accounts. 

Property 
returns. 

Supplemental  settle- 
ments. 

Number. 

Amount. 

Money. 

422 

40  sru  fflR  m 

1   fV70 

Keceived  du  ring  tlie  fiscal  year 

2,  991  1     il,'  935,'  628  45  i        s!  192 

261 

iioe,  242  73 

Total. 


3, 413  {     14, 490,  255  41 


4,271 


261  I     106, 242  73 


Reported  during  the  Qscal  j'ear. 
Remaining  unsettled 


2,050 
763 


12. 517,  962  77  I 
1,  972,  292  64  ! 


3,488 
783 


261       10«, 242  73 


ToUl. 


3,413  ;     14,490,255  41 


4,271 


261       106, 242  73 


246  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

REPORT  of  tlie  QUARTERMASTER' 8  DIVISION,  #c.— Continued. 


Signal  accounts. 

Total 

Property. 

Money. 

Amount. 

Number. 

Amount. 

191                68 
800               118 

$182,969  93 
481,  9!J4  22 

1,760 

*2.  737.  596  89 

7, 428     12,  523,  885  40 

Total _ 

1,057 

186 

604,  KC4  15 

9, 188     15, 261, 462  29 

2 
1,055 

6,401     12,024,205  50 

186 

664,  904  15 

2,  787       2,  C:^7,  256  79 

Total 

1,057 

186 

664,  964  15 

9, 188  1  15.  201. 402  29 

Number  of  letters  written,  4,4G3;  number  of  clerks  employed,  19; 
number  of  vouchers  examined,  249,005  j  number  of  pages  of  manuscript 
written,  6,539. 

SUBSISTENCE  DIVISION. 

The  subsistence  division  examines  the  accounts  of  all  commissaries 
and  acting  commissaries  in  the  Army,  whose  duties  are  to  purchase  the 
provisions  and  stores  necessary  for  its  subsistence,  and  see  to  their  proper 
distribution.  These  commissaries  render  monthly  money  accounts,  with 
proper  vouchers  for  disbursements  of  the  funds  intrusted  to  them,  to- 
gether with  a  provision-return,  showing  the  disposition  of  provisions 
and  stores  purchased  or  derived  from  other  sources.  These  accounts 
are  received  through  the  Commissary-General  of  Sub.sistence,  and  are 
examined  and  audited  in  this  division.  The  money  accounts  and  vouch- 
ers, together  with  a  certified  statement  of  the  result  of  said  examina- 
tions, are  then  referred  to  the  Second  Comptroller  of  the  Treasury  for 
revision.  Upon  their  return  from  the  ComjJtroUer,  with  the  settlement 
approved,  the  officers  are  notified  of  the  result,  and  called  upon  to  adjust 
or  explain  any  omissions  or  errors  that  may  liave  been  discovered.  The 
money  and  provision  accounts,  together  with  the  papers  belonging 
thereto,  are  then  placed  in  the  settled  tiles  for  future  reference,  and  re- 
main permanently  in  the  custody  of  this  office.  The  engineer  branch  is 
engaged  in  the  examination  of  the  accounts  of  officers  and  agents  of  the 
Engineer  Department,  who,  under  the  direction  of  the  Chief  of  Engi- 
neers of  the  Army  (except  the  Superintendent  of  the  Military  Academy 
at  West  Point,  whose  disbursements  are  directed  by  the  Inspector-Geu« 
eral),  disburse  moneys  out  of  the  various  appropriations,  now  248  in 
number,  made  from  time  to  time  by  Congress  for  works  of  a  public  na- 
ture, which  maybe  classed  under  the  following  heads,  viz:  The  pur- 
chase of  sites  and  materials  for  and  construction  and  repairs  of  the 
various  fortifications  throughout  the  United  States ;  constrnction  and 
repairs  of  roads,  bridges,  bridge-trains,  &c.,  for  armies  in  the  field  ;  sur- 
veys on  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  coasts ;  examination  and  surveys  of 
the  northern  and  western  lakes  and  rivers ;  construction  and  repairs  of 
breakwaters ;  repairs  and  improvement  of  harbors,  both  on  sea  and  lake 
coasts;  improvement  of  river.s,  and  purchase  of  snag  and  dredge  boats 
for  the  same  J  and  the  expenses  of  the  Military  Academy  at  West  Point. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


247 


Tlie  transactions  of  tiie  subsistence  and  engineer  branches  for  tlio 
fiscal  year  arc  shown  by  the  following  statement,  viz: 


Subsistence  accounts. 

Engineer  «ccouuts. 

Number.  | 

Amount. 

Number. 

Amount. 

r,-\2  ' 

1,  !I24 

$1,221.  .'■.00  58 
3,  SU4,  770  27 

5B 

aa  ?<ra  9na  qa 

1!<2  '    9  C04'  191  59 

Total 

2,  4.'.C  , 
1,  494  ' 

5,  0-J6,  270  8.5 
3,  796,  070  34 

250  1  13  048  4<il  49 

Repotted  daring  the  fiscal  v©ar 

219  j     8  221  812  41 

Kemuiniug  on  band  June  30  1882 

902  1 

1,  230, 191  51 

31 

4, 826,  589  08 

Number  of  vouchers  examined,  158,538;  number  of  letters  •written, 
2,018;  number  of  ditferences  written,  l,015j  number  of  calls  answered, 
95G  J  number  of  clerks  employed,  9. 


CLAIMS  DIVISION. 

This  division  has  the  settlement  of  claims  of  a  miscellaneous  charac- 
ter arising  in  the  various  branches  of  service  in  the  War  Department, 
and  growing  out  of  the  jmrchase  or  appropriation  of  supplies  and  stores 
for  the  Army ;  the  purchase,  hire,  or  appropriation  of  water  craft,  rail- 
road stock,  horses,  wagons,  and  other  means  of  transportation;  thetrans- 
portation  contracts  of  the  Army ;  the  occupation  of  real  estate  for  camps, 
barracks,  ho.spitals,  fortifications,  &c.;  the  hire  of  employes,  mileage,, 
courts-martial  foes,  traveling  expenses,  commutations,  «S:c. ;  claims  for 
compensation  for  vessels,  railroad  cars,  engines,  &c.,  lost  in  the  military 
service;  claims  growing  out  of  the  Oregon  and  Washington  war  of  1855 
and  1856  and  other  Indian  wars;  claims  of  various  descriptions  under 
special  acts  of  Congress,  and  claims  not  otherwise  assigned  for  adjudi- 
cation. 


MISCELLANEOUS  CLAIMS  for  fiscal  year  1831-'82. 


On  hand  .June  30,  18S1 

Keccivtd  duiiug  the  year. .. 

Total 

Dispotied  of  during  the  j  em- 

Ou  hand  June  30, 1882 


Miscellaneous  claiina. 


Number. 

Amount 
claimed. 

Amount 
allowed. 

13,  299 
3,614 

a$8,  889,  432  05 
b-J,  203, 198  10 

16,  913 
3,398 

12, 092,  530  21 
c2,  780,  305  08 

$2,041,775  98 

13,  515 

d9, 312, 105  13 

a  This  is  the  amount  claimed  in  11,6'14  casem.the  amount  olairiied  in  the  otlierl,C55  cases  not  being  stated. 
i)Tli!s  is  tlio  aniouiitcLtinied  in  3,473  cases,  the  amount  <-laiinfd  in  the  otberl41  cases  not  Iteiug  stated, 
c  This  is  the  amount  claimed  iu  3,249  cases,  the  amount  claimed  in  thi^  other  149  eases  not  being  stuted. 
{{This  is  the  amount  claimed  in  11,  868  cases,  the  amount  claimed  in  the  other  1,647  cases  not  being  stated. 


248 


I'APEIi.S    ACCOMPANYING    THE 


MIUL'ELLANEOUS  CLAIMS  for  pad  year  ISSl-to-^Coutinued. 


I  Oregon  aud  Waahirifiton  In-  iLost  vossels,  &.C.,  under  act 
dian  war  cluinis,  18  Jj-'56.     I  ol'  March  3,  1849. 


• 

Xnin- 
lier. 

Amount 
claimod. 

Amownt 
allowed. 

Num- 
ber. 

.Amount 
claimed. 

Amount 
allowed. 

f)u  hand  June  30,  1881 

688 

38 

e$6, 308  52 
/4,  070  55 

71 
.  1 

$722, 728  87 
175  00 

Total 

726 
36 

11,369  07 
.-70,  321  82 

72 

722, 903  87 
50,  000  00 

Disposed  of  dm  in;:  tlit;  .vnar 

$2,706  31 

$30, 000  00 

On  band, Tune  30, 1882 

690 

AC,  047  25 

70 

072, 903  87 

e  This  is  the  amount  claimed  in  322  ca.scp,  tlie  amount  claimed  in  the  other  36G  cases  not  being  fttAted. 
/Tliis  is  the  aiiioiiiit  clairncd  in  21  cases.  Ibe  amount  tbiimed  in  the  other  17  cases  not  being  stated. 
.7  This  is  the  ariioiMit  clninio.d  in  23  cases,  the  luuounl  claimed  iu  the  other  11  cases  not  being  Rtat<Ml. 
"A  This  is  the  aniciint  <laiiiii'd  iu  320  eases,  the  amount  claimed  in  the  otlier  370  cases  not  being  stated. 

Number  of  letters  written  during  tlie  year,  1,995. 

STATE   AXD    HOKSK   CLAIMS   RIVISIOX. 

The  duties  of  this  division  embrace  the  settlement,  under  the  various 
acts  and  resolutions  of  Congress  relating  thereto,  of  all  claims  of  the 
several  States  and  Territories  for  tho  costs,  charges,  and  expenses 
properly  incurred  by  them  for  enrolling,  subsisting,  clothing,  supplying, 
arming,  equipping,  paying,  and  transporting  their  troops,  employed  in 
aiding  to  suppress  the  recent  insurrection  against  the  United  States, 
and  all  claims  arising  out  of  Indian  and  other  border  invasions.  Also 
the  settlement  of  claims  for  compensation  for  loss  of  horses  and  equi- 
page sustained  l)y  officers  or  enlisted  men- while  in  the  military  service 
of  the  United  States,  and  for  the  loss  of  horses,  mules,  oxen,  wagons, 
sleighs,  and  harness,  while  in  said  service,  by  impressment  or  contract. 


Original  account. 

Suspended  account. 

Num- 
ber. 

Amount. 

1 
Num-      Amount, 
ber. 

On  band  June  30, 1881 

13 
1 

$4, 709,  358  87 
RQ  flSl  67 

31  i  $4, 932,  597  50 

1  :          Gi,  143  12 

Total 1 

14  !      4,  8.59,  340  54 
4  j          514,  320  42 

32  1    4,  994, 740  62 

5  1        141,  888  20 

On  hand  June  30, 1882   

10 

4, 345,  020  12 

27       4, 852, 852  42 

Horse  claims. 


Original  account. 


Num- 
ber. 


Num- 
ber. 


Amount. 


On  hand  June  30,  ISSl 

IJe-ceived  during  the  fiscal  year 

Keconsideied  during  the  itscal  year. 


Total , 

Allowed  during  the  fiscal  year  . 

Disallowed  on  claims .' 

Rejected  during  the  fiscal  year. 


Total 

Deduct  as  disposed  of. 


419  i  $52, 050  29  | 

'      6.443  48  ; 

22         2,  648  06  I 

441  I    61, 147  S3  ' 


4, 791  $875,  341  17 

277  42,930  1.') 

177  1  11, 389  .->9 

5,  245  i  929, 660  91 


441 


61, 147  S3 


On  hand  June  30,  lSJi2 \ i    4,804  :    868,513  ii8 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASTRY. 


249 


Narnbtn- of  briefs,  41G;  nniiiber  of  claims  examined  aiul  suK})eii(l<^d, 
i/i'oo;  nmuber  of  letters  received,  4,.S.54:  miiuber  of  letters  written, 
5,r)2;3<5  number  of  clerks  employed,  C. 


AlIMY    rKXSION   DIVISION'. 


The  duties  of  this  disisiou  embrace  the  .settlement  of  all  accounts 
Avhich  pertain  to  the  payment  of  Army  pensions  throughout  the  United 
States. 

The  following  tabh's  show  IIk    o)»('ratioiis  of  tlie  division  during  the 

fiscal  year : 

Array  pen.sion.s,  167'J  ;md  ])nor  yt'ai:? : 

Amount  refuuflcd  aiid  deiiositcd  during  tlie  liscal  year $lj,  160  Ih") 

Ariuy  })ensioiis  IScO : 


iialanco  to  credil  of  ;(i)piopriatiou  June  :]0, 18.-51 7G9, 006  15 

Amount  refVuidt'd  :nul  deposited  during  the  year 2,204  A^t 

Total 771,210  60 

Amount  paid  out  on  settlements  during  the  year 1, 258  3:i 

Balance  to  credit  of  appropriation  June  30,  18S2 769,952  27 


Army  pensions,  1881. 

Army. 

Pay,  &c. 

Sorgeona. 

Total. 

Balance  on  hand  Jnno  30, 1881 



$3,472  53 
416,  536  92 

$4,  018  42 
23, 749  38 

$1,  665  00 
12,  944  00 

$10, 055  95 
453,  230  30 

Juno  30, 
June  30, 

VgVl! 
1882. 

Total 

Amount  paid  out  on  eettlementj*' 

Amount  transfoiTed  to  Xavy  pensions 

420,  009  45 
G97  67 

28,  667  80 

14,  609  00 

403,  286  25 

1,  000  00 

i,  697  67 

Balance  to  credit  of  appropriation 

419, 311  78 

27,  067  80 

14, 609  00 

461,  588  58 

Arrears  of  Army  and  ITavy  pensions. 

Army. 

Fees. 

TotaL 

Amount  appropriated,  acts  .Taunary  29  and  March  3, 1879  . 

$25, 000,  000  00 
500,  000  00 

$15,  000  00 

$25,  015, 000  00 
500, 000  00 

Total 

25,  500, 000  00 

15.  000  00       26, 516, 000  00 

Aiuo\uit  di«bur9€f<l  by  pension  apents,  1879,  "Army  " 

Amount  ilislmrsed  by  pon.sion  agent.s,  1880,  "Army" 

Amount  ('.isl)ursed  by  pension  a^onts,  ]S8i,  "Army" 

Amount  disburstkl  by  pension  agent*,  1882,  "Army" 

4,  019,  527  33 

19, 009,  885  78 

667,  979  05 

132,  702  65 

1,884  00         4,021,41133 

10,  535  10       19,  620,  390  88 

446  70  1          668,  425  75 

92  40  1          132,  795  05 

Total 

24,430,094  81 

12,  958  20  t    24, 443,  053  01 

1 

1,  069,  905  19 

2,  041  80 

1,  071, 946  99 

Army  pensions,  1882. 


Army. 


Pay,  Sz.c. 


Sorseons. 


Total. 


Amount  approjiriated,  act  'Marcli  3,  1881... 

Amount  approiniated,  aet  May  25,  18S'i 

Amount  transleircd  from  JS'avy 


$■18, 400,  000  00     $24  J,  000  00 

16,000,000  00    

I        2,500  00 


$240,  000  00 
'"  6, 000  00 


$48,  884, 000  00 

16,  000,  000  00 

8,500  00 


Total  , 


A  mount  to  crcilit  of  appropriation  imdrawu . 
Amount  drawn  to  be  accounted  for 


04, 400,  000  00       246,  500  00  I    240,  000  00  I    01,  892,  500  00 
3,  582,  847  14  j  917  01  i        4,  !I31  00  i      3,  588, 095  75 


00, 817, 162  80       245,  582  39 


Amount  disbursed  by  pension  a^ent.'* 

I'nexpended  biilauci-s  in  hands  of  pension 

agents,  to  be  deposited I      7,621,645  46  | 

Amount  paid  on  misccllanoouB  settlement.-!  18  00  | 


53, 195, 489  40  |    234, 451  97 
11, 130  42 


60, 817, 152  86       245, 582  39 


241, 069  00  I    61,  303,  804  25 


222, 905  87       53,  652, 037  24 


18, 073  13 


7,  650,  849  01 
18  00 


241, 069  00       61, 303,  804  25 


250 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 


The  followinf^  table  sliows  the  mimbcr  of  acoounts  received  and  au- 
dited during  the  (Lseal  year: 


Army  pensions. 

Arrears  of  pensions. 

TotaT 

ISO. 

Amount. 

No. 

Amount. 

No. 

Amount. 

Accounts  <in  liaiid,  June  30.  1P81 

Accounts  recoivcil during  t lie  year. . 

202 

$n7,  016,697  11 
50,018,294  U 

80 

201 

$191,97.T  41 
133,718  32 

2.53 
403 

$37,  808, 670  52 
50, 182,  012  66 

Total 

375 

87.  064,  991  45 

281 

325,  691  73 

6.56 

87,  990,  CK3  18 

, 

Accounts  rcpoitedtoSeconfl  Comp- 
troUiT 

Accounts  remainiug unsettled  June 
30   1B82 

170 

205 

37,  265,  332  73 
50,  399,  658  72 

194 

87 

252,  858  97 
72,  832  70 

304 
292 

37, 518, 191  70 
50, 472, 491  48 

Total       

375 

87, 664,  991  45 

281 

325,  691  73 

656 

87,  990,  083  18 

Pensioners  recorded 

Pensioners  transferred 

Pensionera  increased 

Pensioners  resjtored 

Certificates  reissued 

Changes  noted 

Corrections  made -- 

Arrears  notifications  recorded 

Pension  vouchers  examined 

Payments  entered » 

Pages  of  abstract  added * 

Pages  of  miscellaneous  copied 

Payments  corrected ^. 

Surgeons'  certificates  copied 

Vouchers  -withdraAvu  from  tiles 

Names  and  records  copied - 

Letters  received  and  registered 

Letters  written * - 

Letters  copied 

Letters  indexed 

Pension  checks  verrfied  before  payment,  57,  amounting  to 

Settlements  for  "lost  checks"  made,  31,  amounting  to 

Settlements  for  "forged  checks"  made,  5,  amounting  to 

Settlements  for  transportation  on  pccouut  of  artificial  limbs,  10,  amounting  to. 
Settlement  for  commutation  on  account  of  artificial  limb,  1,  amounting  to.. 
Settlement  ou  account  of  stationery  furnished  pension  agents,  1,  amount- 
ing to 

Supi)lemeutal  settlements  in  July,  1881,  4,  amounting  to 

The  following  tabular  statement  exhibits  the  number  of  accounts, 
and  amount  involved,  on  hand  and  unsettled  July  1,  18G9,  together 
with  those  received  and  audited  each  fiscal  year  since: 


27, 142 

1, 306 

9, 92.3 

7G9 

1,400 

8H8 

5,G51 

12, 436 

828, 175 

772, 574 

28,099 

4,825 

G8 

269 

4,633 

10, 732 

3,653 

3,662 

2,911 

2, 911 

$1,478  45 

$2, 728  73 

$390  67 

§138  35 

$50  00 

$323  80 
$6,241  41 


Received. 

Audited. 

Num- 
ber. 

Amount. 

Num- 
ber. 

Amount. 

On  Innfl  .Tlllv  11     IRfiO                                                                     

637 
714 
930 
6«4 
711 
8G4 
798 
741 
834 
538 
256 
.547 
449 
455 

|34  811  593  .S3 

27,  743,  819  29 

28,  513,  202  44 
28,  Oei,  597  20 

28.  7.->6.  702  92 

29,  708,  332  20 
29,  572,  855  54 
28,  348, 161  99 
27,  899,  359  30 
33, 194, 149  18 
26,123,111  64 
61,  010, 1.12  95 
50.C6f).g4l  54 
50, 191, 885  02 

631 
789 
900 
7!>5 
786 
C19 
1, 150 
952 
715 
281 
277 
5'n 
416 

$25,  596. 876  39 

32,  Sn,  334  28 

K»H<ivid  ami  aiiditoil  tiscal  year  1872 

Kitcivid  auil  audited  fiscal  year  1873 

40,  000,  205  68 
33.  920,  .5.56  19 
26,  431,  956  71 

19,  888,  428  52 

Iti-ceived  am\  audited  liscal  year  1876 

48.  4X3.  036  92 
34. 0G7,  985  43 

Jieceived  iiiid  audited  tiscal  year  1878 

Ki'Ceived  and  audited  tiseal  year  1879 

24, 133,  591  52 
25, 765.  870  .58 

Received  and  audited  H.^^eal  year  1880 

Received  and  audited  ti.scal  year  I.SSI 

Received  and  audited  tiacal  year  ISSJ  ................ 

31,  169,  748  01 
54,  973.  G59  39 
37.  528.  064  60 

Total 

9,158 
8,866 

485,  201,  805  76 
434, 729,  314  28 

8,  8CG  1    434. 729.  314  28 

Deduct  amonnt  audited 

Balance  on  hand  June  30, 1882... 

292 

50, 472, 491  48 

REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF   THE    TREASURY. 


251 


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REPORT   OF   THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    TREASURY.  253 


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254 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


COLLECTION  DIVISION. 


STATEMENT  of  BUSINESS  TRANSACTED  hy  the  COLLECTION  DIVISION  dur- 
ing the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  lb82. 


Jnlv,  1881 

August,  1881.... 
September,  1881 . 
October,  1881.... 
November,  1881  . 
December,  1881.. 
January,  1882  ... 
Febraary,  1882.. 

March,  1882 

Apiil,  1882 

May,  1882 

June,  1882 


Total. 


1,192 


720 
576 
582 
683 
114 
1,245 
990 
58G 
575 
814 


8,077 


255 
128 
212 
367 
354 

3:i4 

313 

344 
3.S6 
259 
235 
273 


3,410 


3,255 
2,401 
3,318 
6,  782 
5,667 
6,024 
6,303 
6,  300 
6,  582 
4,536 
5,104 
5,552 


61,884 


ga 


Pel' 

§-s.a 


133 

117 

25 

85 

148 

0 

80 

102 

137 

156 

96 

120 


286 
100 
252 
381 
352 
348 
310 
349 
350 
201 
223 
295 


3,567 


-i  ™ 

c  ^ 


235, 843 


542 


12 


12 


There  have  been  added  to  the  files  during  the  year  new  settlements 
as  follows,  viz:  Miscellaneous  claims,  3,505 ;  money  accounts  of  disburs- 
ing officers  of  the  Army,  1,403;  accounts  of  agents  for  payiug  Army 
pensions,  227;  property  returns  of  Army  officers,  2,298;  making  a  total 
of  7,493.  A  portion  of  the  old  settlements  have  been  rearranged  and 
relabeled,  and  a  large  number  of  mutilated  abstracts  have  been  repaired. 
All  the  records  are  now  systematically  arranged,  and  the  old  rooms  are 
entirely  filled.  The  room  formerly  occupied  by  the  Bureau  of  Engrav- 
ing and  Printing,  and  assigned  to  this  office,  is  not  yet  half  filled,  and  it 
wHl  suffice  for  at  least  three  years.  The  records  are  in  a  good  state  of 
preservation.  Four  clerks  have  been  constantly  emi)Ioyed  in  arrang- 
ing and  keeping  the  files  in  good  condition. 

There  were  eight  ladj'  copyists  employed  in  this  office  during  the  year. 
The  number  of  pages  copied  and  comi^ared  was  as  follows,  viz:  Mis- 
cellaneous papers,  17,780  pages ;  ditference  sheets,  1,480;  letters,  5,575; 
total,  23,835.  The  papers  received  for  copying  and  registered,  were: 
Miscellaneous,  3,588 ;  difi'erence  sheets,  480 ;  total,  4,008. 

Under  the  provisions  of  section  886  of  the  lievised  Statutes,  in  cases 
where  suit  is  instituted  to  collect  money  due  from  pension  agents  the 
transcripts  can  be  certified  only  by  the  liegister  of  the  Treasury, 
who  has  nothing  whatever  to  do  either  with  the  settlement  of  said  ac- 
count or  the  custody  of  the  same  after  settlement,  and  who  can  have  no 
knowledge  respecting  the  correctness  of  the  transcript,  except  that 
gained  from  the  Third  Auditor.  The  Third  Auditor  is  also  without  au- 
thority to  certify  transcripts  for  suit  a<;ainst  failing  contractors  and 
other  persons  charged  upon  the  books  of  his  office.  To  remedy  this 
defect  in  the  law  I  respectfully  suggest  that  section  886  of  the  Ee%ised 
Statutes  ought  to  be  so  amended  as  to  provide  that  upon  the  trial  of  a 
suit  against  any  person,  on  a  contract  with  the  United  States,  express 
or  implied,  or  against  any  person  accountable  for  public  money,  or  the 
sureties  of  such  person,  a  transcript  from  the  books  and  proceedings  of 
the  Auditor  of  the  Treasury  Department,  charged  with  the  examina- 
tion and  settlement  of  the  account  with  such  person  or  persons,  certi- 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     255 

fiecl  by  the  Auditor  and  authenticated  under  the  seal  of  the  Treasury 
Department  shall  be  admitted  on  the  trial  of  such  suit  as  evidence  of 
the  balance  due  to  the  United  States,  and  be  entitled  to  the  s;\me  degree 
of  crexlit  which  would  be  due  to  the  original  papers  or  records  if  pro- 
duced and  authenticated  in  court. 

By  the  act  of  Congress  ajiproved  June  23, 1874,  and  the  act  of  Con- 
gress approved  March  3,  Iblo,  autliority  is  given  the  Secretary  of  "War 
to  i>ay  the  expenses  of  operating  and  keeping  in  repair  the  telegraph 
lines  constructed  aiul  operated  by  the  AVar  Department  in  Texas,  New 
Mexico,  the  Territory  of  Arizona,  &c.,  out  of  any  moneys  received  for 
dispatches  sent  over  said  lines,  and  any  balance  remaining  after  the 
payment  of  such  exptjnses  must  be  covered  into  the  Treasury  as  a  mis- 
cellaneous receipt.  Under  the  construction  jdaced  by  the  accounting 
oflicers  ui)on  the  several  acts  making  appropriations  for  the  construc- 
tion, maintenance,  oi)erating,  and  keeping  in  repair  the  several  tele- 
graph lines  under  the  control  of  the  War  Department,  all  funds  received 
from  the  public  for  the  transmission  of  private  dispatches  (excepting 
receipts  from  line  extending  from  Bismarck,  Dak.,  to  Fort  Ellis,  ]\lont.) 
may  be  used  by  the  War  Department  as  hereinbefore  indicated,  instead 
of  making  deposit  of  the  same  in  the  Treasury-,  and  said  sums  enter  into 
the  gross  amount  disbursed  by  the  Signal  Bureau  of  the  War  Depart- 
ment during  a  given  fiscal  year,  but  do  not  constitute  any  portion  of  the 
sums  specifically  appropriated  by  Congress  in  the  usual  manner,  such 
fuiuls  having  never  been  in  the  Treasury,  thereby  showing  an  excess  of 
expenditures  over  amounts  aijpi'opriated  by  Congress  for  that  particular 
service.  Section  3017  Hevised  Statutes,  second  edition,  provides  that 
the  gross  amount  of  all  moneys  received  from  whatever  source  for  the 
use  of  the  United  States,  except  as  otherwise  provided  in  section  3G18, 
shall  be  paid  by  the  officer  or  agent  receiving  the  sanu',  into  the  Treas- 
ury at  as  early  a  day  as  practicable,  without  any  abatement  or  deduct- 
ion on  account  of  salary,  fees,  costs,  charges,  expenses,  or  claim  of  any 
description  whatever,  lleceipts  from  these  telegra])li  lines  are  not  em- 
braced within  the  jjrovisions  of  secticm  3618,  and  are  not  exceptions  to 
the  general  law  beaiing  ui)on  the  subject. 

I  think  it  requires  no  argument  to  show  the  wisdom  of  a  ]>rovision  of 
law  which  kee])s  the  expenditure  of  the  ])ul)lic  reveiuie  entirely  under 
the  control  of  Congress;  and  I  am  of  oitinion  that  awisei)olicy  dictates 
that  every  dollar  expended  for  the  supi)ort  of  the  government  in  all  its 
branches  should  be  traced  directly  to  the  Treasury,  and  the  authority 
under  which  it  was  drawn  therefrom.  Inasmuch,  therefore,  as  tliere 
appears  to  be  a  contiict  between  section  3017  of  the  Kevise*!  Statutes 
and  the  acts  recited,  I  would  respectfully  suggest  the  propriety  of  legis- 
lation requiring  all  inoneys  received  for  the  transmission  of  i)rivate  (lis- 
l)atches  over  any  and  all  of  the  lines  owned  or  uijcrated  by  the  general 
government,  to  be  doi)osited  in  the  Treasury. 

I  resi)ectfully  renew  n\v  recommendation  in  regard  to  a  stiitute  of 
limitation.  Such  statutes  are  no  longer  looi<ed  ui)()n  with  «lisfavor  by 
courts  or  legislativti  bodies,  aiul  ])rovisions  of  this  kind  resiicctiiig  suits 
between  individuals  are,  I  believe,  nearly  universal.  That  which  is 
everywhere  conceded  to  be  wise  and  just  as  between  citizens  of  a  State 
can  but  be  considered  fair  and  just  as  l)et\veen  the  citizen  and  the  State. 
Few  claims  that  are  fair  and  honest  fail  of  pres(,ntati(Ui  \\  iihin  six  years 
from  their  origin,  and  the  claimant  who  waits  longer,  if  laboring  uiuler 
no  legal  disability,  should  be  barred,  in  my  opinion.  One  thing  is  cer- 
tain, no  one  can  be  familiar  with  the  business  of  this  oflice  for  any  pe- 
riod, however  brief,  without  being  thoroughly  convinced  that  such  a 


256  PAPKKS    ACCOMPANYING    TUK 

limitation  would  ho  of  great  A'aliie  a.s  a  pi'Ot»;ction  to  the  ]>ublic  Treas- 
ury, would  remove  a  great  temptation  from  the  viciously  inclined,  and 
would  give'much  needed  relief  to  the  Executive  Departments. 

I  take  pleasu)e  in  bearing  testimony  to  the  general  good  character, 
intclligenco,  and  diligence  of  tho,  ])erson,s  employed  in  this  bureau,  and 
commend  them  for  the  faithful  manner  in  which  they  have  discharged 
their  duties. 

Kespectfully  submitted. 

E.  W.  KEIGHTLEY, 

Audito)'. 
Hon.  Charles  J.  Folgee, 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 


EEPOET  OF  THE  FOURTH  AUDITOR  OF  THE  TREASURY. 

Treasury  Department, 

FoiTRTH  Auditor's  Office, 
Washingto7i,  Kovemher  1,  1882. 

Sir:  In  accordauce  with  the  law  requiring  the  Auditor  charged  with 
the  examination  of  the  accounts  of  the  Department  of  the  !Xavy  to  report 
annually,  on  the  first  Monday  in  iSTovember,  to  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury,  the  application  of  the  money  appropriated  for  the  2savy  De- 
partment, I  have  the  honoi;  to  submit  the  following  tabular  statements 
for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 1882,  with  such  comments  and  expla- 
nations as  they  seem  to  require  at  my  hands. 

Disbursing  officers  in  foreign  waters,  as  authorized  bylaw,  make  their 
payments  from  a  fund  (which  has  been  drawn  from  the  Treasury  under 
a  "general  account  of  advances,")  charging  each  particular  jjayment'to 
its  proper  appropriation,  subject  to  revision  here.  Monthly  statements 
of  these  expenditures  are  made  to  this  office.  Many  of  them,  of  course, 
are  not  received  until  weeks,  in  some  cases  months,  after  the  close  of 
the  fiscal  year,  but  all  were  in  when  the  table  immediately  following 
was  made  up,  and  which  is  designed  to  exhibit  the  several  appropria- 
tions made  by  Congress,  and  the  exjienditures  with  which  they  are  prop- 
erly chargeable,  as  shown  by  the  reports  of  the  officers  who  have  dis- 
bui'sed  the  money.  Pay  officers  at  home  draw  money  under  the  respec- 
tive heads  of  ai)propriation,  keeping  in  hand  sufficient  sums  to  meet 
current  liabilities,  and  returning  unavailable  balances  to  the  Treasury, 
as  required  by  law.  Appropriations  with  balances  to  their  credit  wOl 
still  be  drawn  upon  to  meet  liabilities  lawfully  incurred  during  the  fiscal 
year.  Payments  of  the  latter  character  are  shown  in  this  table  where 
expenditures  under  appropriations  for  years  prior  to  1882  are  mentioned. 
It  will  be  observed  that  the  aggregate  payments  during  the  year  are  a 
little  less  than  the  aggregate  of  the  appropriations  for  1882.  Some 
appropriations  have  been  ovferexjiended,  some  deficiencies  have  already 
beeu  made  good  by  appropriations,  while  others  remain  for  the  futiu'e 
consideration  of  Congress.  A  deficiency  not  made  good  by  a  subsequent 
appropriation  must  fall  at  last  upon  the  continuous  appropriations — to 
wit,  Pay  of  the  Xavy  and  the  Marine  Corps.  To  the  credit  of  these 
appropriations  there  were  standing  at  the  beginning  of  the  fiscal  vear: 
Pay  of  the  Navy,  $1,747,521.73,  and  Pay  of  the'^Marine  Corps,$798,7i2.25. 
These  sums  have  been  added  to  their  respective  appropriations  in  the 
following  table,  making  the  amounts  available  for  the  year  for  pay  of 
officers  and  men : 


REPORT, OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     25? 


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REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


259 


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PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 


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REPORT    OF   THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    TREASURY. 


261 


EXCHANGE. 

Bills  of  oxckniifje  -^ere  sold  hy  the  pay  ofiicers  of  the  Department  of 
the  Navy  during  the  year  to  the  amount  of  8l,7G7,723.7.~».  Of  tliis  .sum, 
•91,355,137.71  Mi'.s  drawn  on  Messrs.  Soli^^man  Brotiiers,  London,  and 
$412,586.04  on  the  Se<;retary  of  the  JS'avy.  The  foliowin;;  tables  sliow 
these  transactions  in  detail: 

DRAFTS  DRAWN  <m  SELIGMAX  BROTHERS,  XA  FY  AGENTS,  LONLON, 

ENGLAND. 


Amount. 


Amount. 


Amount  re- 
cuived. 


Loss. 


Gain. 


Aoapnlco,  Mexico 

Alpxaudria.  Ejiypt 

Ajica.  S.iinoa 

Bordt-aux.  Kiauco 

Callao,  I'oru 

Ca pi)  To<vn,  A  frica 

Cliffoo,  China 

I'loi-onV'o,  Italy 

Fiiiiclial.  Madeira , 

(;>noa,  Italy 

(jil)rallar.  Spain 

<jiavescii<l,  England 

llioso,  Japan. 

Ilong-Konp.  China 

l<piii|U(',  I'cni 

Kobe,  Japan  

LeKhom,  lt;dy 

Iiima,  Pcni 

London,  England 

Maiseilles,  France 

Montevideo,  Urugnay 

Nagasaki,  Japan 

Js'^aploa,  Italy 

2s'i<'f>.  France , 

I'ari.s,  France 

rintus,  (iifccc  

Plymouth.  Knpliind 

Kib  de  .Janeiro,  liiazil 

Sandy  I'oint,  I'ata;ioniii. 

Santa  \nna.  Cura<^oa,  West  Indies  ... 

Shanghai.  China , 

Siugaporn 

Sniyma,  Turkey 

Stanley  Port,  P'alkland  iHlaudt...^.. 

Trieste,  Austri.a 

Valparaiso,  Chili ,. 

West  C owes .  Lsle  of  "Wight 

Yokobama,  Japan 


t 


S. 

,074 
400 
,  200 
,000 
,  88J 
,500 
,000 
,000 

,  ;!t;5 

,000 
,  C'iS 

800 
,000 
,  .500 

2K3 

,  :v,» 

,000 
676 
600 
,000 
,000 
,500 
,000 
,300 

,000 

500 
,000 
,000 

500 

500 
,000 
,000 
,000 

300 
,  000 

478 
,  000 
,  POO 


».  d. 

17  10  I 

0  0 

0  0  I 

0  0  I 

111  0 

0  0 

0  0 

0  0 

0  0 

0  0 

n  0 

0  0 

0  0 

0  0 

1  3 
9  9 
0  0 
0  0 
0  0 
0  0 
0  0 
0  0 
0  0 
0  0 
0  0 
0  0 
0  0 


0  0 

0  0 

0  0 

0  0 

0  0 

0  0 


$5,  230  97 

1,  946  60 

10,  706  30 

4,  866  50 

9,  166  05 

46, '-'31  75 

4.  8Q6  50 

24,  332  50 

26, 108  77 

14,  .igg  50 

43,  961  77 

3,  893  20 
9,  733  00 

61,  0'.)ii  25 

1,  377  .-.2 
176,  ;i87  24 

9,  733  00 

2,  803  10 
2,919  90 

29, 199  00 

238,  458  .la 

26,  765  75 

34.  065  50 

308,  049  45 

4, 806  50 

2,  433  25 

20.  199  00 

24,  332  50 

2, 433  25 

2,  433  25 

9,  733  00 

4,  866  .-)0 
9,  733  00 
1,4.')9  95 
9,733  00 
2,  320  19 
9,733  UO 

154,  754  70 


$.5,341  00 
1,  951  23 
10.  032  00 
4,  873  25 
8,927  69 
46, 129  53 
4,715  60 
24, 125  00 
26,  002  77 
14,  022  65 
43,  854  02  i 

3,  893  20  . 
9,  524  92  i 

49,893  19  . 

1,  377  52  ! 
169,  255  78  i 

9,  6»;9  30  I 
2,803  10  ! 

2.  919  90  i 

29, 17::  48  ; 

236,921  21 
25,793  12 
.33,  934  22 

306,  817  91 

4,  861  67 
2, 433  25 

29. 155  20 
24, 138  15 
2,433  25 
2,  400  62 
9,403  93 
4,  702  68 
9,  619  12 
1,459  95 
9,  609  30 
2,  326  19 
9,  720  83 
150,527  18 


$074  30 

249  1.14 
102  20 
150  90 
207  50 
106  00 


114  50 
Par 

208  08 
1,205  00 


7,  731  46 
63  70 

Par 

Par 

28  40 

1,  627  61 

972  63 

131  28 

1,231  54 

4  83 

Par 

43  80 
225  28 

Par 

26  63 
329  07 
163  82 
113  88 

I'ar 

63  70 

Par 

12  17 
4,  227  52 


$110  03 
4  63 


6  75 
10  68 


23  15 
6  75 


2  88 
0«  32 


30  93 


Total 278.462    9  10     1,  355, 137  71  I  1,  335,  408  93       20,014  00       286  12 


DRAFTS  DRAWN  on  the  SECRETARY  of  the  NAVY. 


Amoaut. 


A  cnpnlc|k  ifoxico 

Aspinw.'Ql.  lTnitc<l  States  of  Colombia 

Bennfort,  South  Oarolina 

Callao,  Peni 

F.iyal,  A/.ores 

Lima,  Pern , 

Mn/.atlan.  Mexico 

Panama,  United  Statoa  of  Colombia.. 
Santa  Anna,  Cura<;oa,  West  Indies. . . 

Santiago,  Ca]>o  Verde  Islands 

Tahiti,  Society  Islands 

Valpaniiso.  Chili.... 

\'icioria,  llritish  Coiumbia 

Yokohama,  Japan 

Total 


$16, 183  57 

11,5(10  (lO 

40.  000  00 

H.  000  IM) 

2.  500  0(t 

69,  (134  49 

2,  078  ,■>« 

67,817  13 

0,700  00 

110  00 

3,000  00 

13.662  27 

15,  500  00 

lii6,  000  00 


$10, 183  57 

11,4.50  00 

39,  85(1  00 

8,  OHO  00 

3,  500  00 

68,  277  49 

2,  678  M 
06.872  13 

0,700  (K» 
100  00 

3,  009  60 
13,  562  27 
15.4(13  12 

1.53,  329  60 


412,586  04 


Gain,    t 


407,  916  36  I      4,  670  28 


262 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 


The  sum  of  these  transactions  for  the  past  year,  iu  coinparison  with 
those  of  the  two  previous  years,  is  shown  by  the  following  statement: 

EXCHANGE  SOLD  in  1862,  1881,  and  1880. 


Drawn  on- 

Year, 

Amount. 

Loss. 

Gain. 

United  Stales 

1882 
1882 

$412,  586  04 
1, 355,  m  71 

$4,  679  28 
20,  014  90 

$9  60 

286  12 

Total 

1,767,723  75 

24,  694  18 

295  72 

1881 
1881 

"United  states 

78,  044  30 
1, 767, 333  09 

1,531  38 
26,  268  00 

102  50 

891  97 

Total 

1, 845,  377  39 

27,  790  38 

994  47 

1880 
1880 

188,590  91 
1,746,887  39 

614  05 
27,  475  15 

328  84 

1, 130  79 

Total 

1, 935,478  30 

28, 089  20 

1, 459  63 

Pay  officers  are  instructed  to  draw  on  the  Secretary  of  the  Kavy 
"when  such  bills  can  be  as  advantageously  sold  as  those  drawn  on  Lon- 
don. It  will  be  seen  that  the  drafts  on  the  Secretary  during  the  past 
year  were  very  considerably  increased  over  those  of  the  two  previous 
years.  In  the  autumn  of  1881,  Paymaster  Foster  sold  in  Yokohama, 
Japan,  bills  to  the  amount  of  $156,000  on  the  Secretary,  and  received 
$771.82  more  than  he  would  had  the  same  amount  been  sold  on  Lon- 
don. The  condition  of  the  market  was  rather  exceptional  at  that  time, 
due  largely  to  the  fact  that  London  was  sending  larg-e  sums  to  iSTew 
Tork  to  pay  the  balance  of  trade  then  in  our  favor.  It  seems  probable 
that  conditions  which  will  be  favorable  to  the  sale  of  United  States  bills 
•will  increase,  as  our  own  trade  is  extended  to  distant  nations,  and  as 
the  balance  of  trade  is  favorable  to  us  in  our  transactions  with  Euroi)ean 
countries.  London  is  still  the  money  center,  the  world's  clearing-house, 
and  is  likely  to  remain  so  for  many  years  to  come.  Our  progress  in 
that  direction  is  not  very  rapid,  but  it  must  in  the  end  be  sure.  The 
above  tables  are  indications  pointing  that  way. 

In  accordance  with  the  suggestion  made  in  my  report  two  years  ago 
some  of  the  pay  officers  are  in  the  habit  of  sending  with  their  rei>ort  of 
sales  clippings  of  market  reports  iu  the  daily  papers  of  even  date,  show- 
ing that  they  have  obtained  the  highest  market  rates,  or  even  better  at 
times  when  active  competition  has  been  invited.  The  following  ex- 
tract from  a  letter  of  Paymaster  Foster,  written  at  Yokohama,  Japan, 
February  10,  1882,  will  illustrate  this : 

I  inclose  a  cutting  from  the  Japan  Gazette,  of  YokoLama,  Japan,  of  Feliruary  9, 
1882  (evening  edition),  showing  the  rate  of  exchange  on  the  day  of  sale  for  silver  yen, 
in  which  the  bill  was  negotiated.  The  pnhlished  hank  selling  rates  were  38.  dJrf. 
sterling  for  hank  hills  on  demand  on  Loudon,  and  90  cents  United  States  gold,  on 
New  York,  per  silver  yen.  Bids  were  requested  from  five  hanks,  and  the  h«|t  rates 
ohtainahlo  were  3s.  S|rf.  sterling,  and  91  cents,  respectively,  per  silver  yen.  The  ster- 
ling  exchange  shows  hut  a  reasonable  difterence  between  the  buying  and  selling  price, ' 
but  on  Washington  exchange  the  margin  is  larger,  owing  to  the  expected  rise  in 
exchange  between  New  York  and  London,  on  account  of  tlie  close  of  the  American 
export  season.  The  bill  was  drawn  on  London,  that  rate  being  more  favorable  by 
$34.02,  United  States  coin,  and  it  will  probably  continue  so  for  several  months. 
Washington  exchange  was  more  favorable  from  September,  1881,  to  January,  1882, 
inclusive.  , 

ACCOUNT   WITH  SELIGMAN  BROTHEKS. 

A  commission  of  1  per  cent,  is  paid  to  Seligman  Brothers,  London,  for 
disbursements  made  by  them.    Their  commissions  for  the  year  amounted 


REPORT  OP  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     263 

to  $U,7G0.36.  They  pay  4  pA  cent,  interest  on  daily  balances  remain- 
iug  on  deposit  with  them;  and  receive  5  per  cent,  interest  on  advances 
they  make.  The  interest  paid  by  them  during  tlie  year  was  84,960.5(3; 
and  that  received  81,650.27,  making  the  net  interest  received  by  the  de- 
partment $3,319.29.  Money  is  tranferred  to  London  from  New  York  by 
means  of  sixty-day  bills.  Exchange  was  fiivorable  during  the  greater 
part  of  the  year,  and  the  net  gain  from  this  source  was  87,220.16. 

THE  PUBLIC  CREDIT. 

I  have  respectfully  to  suggest  iu  reference  to  tlie  work  of  the  Lon- 
don fiscal  agents  that  it  could  be  equally  well  done  by  one  of  tlie  Navy 
Department's  own  disbursing  otficers,  thereby  saving  the  conunission 
jiow  paid,  and  adding  otherwise  but  little  to  current  expenses.  Such  a 
change  would  also  comport  with  the  dignity  and  charact^ir  of  the  Gov- 
ernment, which  should  be  able  to  transact  its  business  at  home  ami 
abroad  by  the  agency  of  its  own  citizens  and  ofiicers.  There  are  in  the 
pay  corps  of  the  Navy  men  of  ample  exi)erience  and  ability  for  such  a 
trust,  also  of  high  and  unquestioned  character.  If  this  suggestion  should 
not  be  thought  feasible,  then  at  least  the  commission  paid  should  be  re- 
duced to  not  more  than  one-half  of  what  it  now  is.  One-half  of  1  ])er 
cent,  would  be  ample  compensation  for  paying  out  this  money.  At  the 
time  the  present  commission  was  adopted,  forty  years  ago  or  more,  the 
credit  of  the  country  was  not  very  high,  and  it  needed  the  name  of  a  bank- 
ing house  to  make  its  paper  current.  Upon  this  point  it  is  instructive 
to  refer  to  the  annual  message  of  President  Tyler,  of  December,  1842. 
Speaking  of  an  effort  of  the  Government  to  make  a  small  loan  he  says : 

After  a  faihiro  to  do  so  in  the  Ameiicau  market,  a  citizen  of  high  character  and 
talent  was  sent  to  Europe  witli  no  bettor  success;  and  thus  the  niortifyiD<;  spectacle 
lias  been  presented  of  tbo  inability  of  this  government  to  obtain  a  loan  so  small  as  not 
iu  the  whole  to  amount  to  more  than  one-fourth  of  its  ordinary  annual  income,  at  a 
time  when  the  governments  of  Europe,  although  involved  iu  debt,  and  with  their  sub- 
jects heavily  burdened  with  taxation,  readily  obtain  loans  of  any  amount  at  a  greatly 
reduced  rate  of  interest. 

In  1844,  Benjamin  E.  Curtis,  late  justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States,  published  in  the  North  American  Keview  a  very  able  and 
eloquent  article  on  tlui  importance  of  maintaining  the  public  faith,  in 
which  he  refers  to  this  attempt  to  borrow  money,  saying: 

It  was  offered  on  terms  most  advantageous  to  the  creditor — terms  which  in  former 
times  would  have  been  eagerly  accepted,  and  aft^r  going  begging  through  all  the  ex- 
changes of  Euro])!',  tile  agent  gave  up  the  attempt  to  obt:iin  money  iu  desjiair.  It  is 
impossible  tobelievc  that  auyc-apitalist  refused  to  lend  his  UKUiey  because  lie  doubted 
the  ability  of  the  United  .Slates  to  i)ay  their  debts.  Nor  is  it  credible  that  the  mere 
failure  of  a  few  of  llie  State  governments  to  meet  their  engagements  would  have  i>ro- 
■  dueed  tliis  extraordinary  elfect.  It  is  tlie  truth,  and  it  should  sink  into  tlie  heart  of 
every  American,  that  this  loan  was  refused  because  Europe  diuibted  (ho  honor  of  thin 
country. 

It  cart  be  readily  understood  that,  at  that  time,  a  draft  on  a  resjM'ct- 
ablr  Ldiidon  bank  was  a  great  deal  better  than  a  draft  <»n  the  Govern- 
ment ol"  this  e,onnli-y.  It  is  unnecessary  to  say  that  all  this  has  ehanged. 
Our  public  credit  does  not  now  reijuire  the  sui»]>«>rt  of  any  i)rivate  linn 
or  corporation,  and  it  is  not  good  economy  to  continue  payin^^  fur  tliat 
which  we  no  longer  need. 


264 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

liOOKKKEPER'S  DI"V^S10N. 


STATEMENT  of  fhc  WOltK   PERFORMED    Inj  the   BOOKKEEPERS  DIVISION 

for  the  fiscal  year  oidivg  June  30,  lH8:i. 


5* 

a' 

^ 

?2 

t 

5 

Date. 

k 

a  to 
<«.2 

-.3 

Is 

.s 

o 

£•3 

a  a 

> 
l 

B 
&     . 

o 

B 

a 

5 

a 

1'^ 

5 

1^ 

o 

is 

1 

»■  0 

P 

% 

o 

'-A 

< 

'A 

^ 

^ 

«si3 

>A 

<i<2 

< 

<1 

aa 

1881. 

July 

223 
192 

$2,  538,  586  90 
1,724,035  59 

69 
6 

$680,  432  95 
3,  670  38 

222 

189 

360 
293 

35 
C9 

23 

29 

77 
58 

1 

1 

78 

August 

73 

September 

152 

1,  683,  726  63 

29 

513,  863  08 

133 

288 

« 

21 

55 

73 

184 
177 

1,  5.i8,  455  6U 

2,  572,  298  06 

29 
51 

246,  540  51 
74.3, 197  79 

209 
155 

299 
286 

89 
59 

52 
27 

83 
119 

• 

75 

IN'OTember 

81 

December 

182 

2,  604,  868  64 

34 

1,  689, 900  14 

150 

274 

67 

33 

73 

- 

77 

1882. 

175 
192 

1,  767,  588  13 
1,701,009  93 

32 
57 

774.  590  80 
597, 290  76 

178 
143 

293 

269 

25 
85 

62 
35 

93 
65 

76 

February 

65 

157 
181 
188 
211 

836, 448  69 
2,  249,  857  04 
1,  624,  583  16 
1,  423, 496  36 

14 
16 
42 
22 

5,  843  32 
694,  585  69 
537, 194  65 
541, 425  42 

156 
192 
1.53 
150 

258 
296 
262 
303 

83 
69 
73 
85 

143 

258 
31 
120 

81 
117 
329 
204 

1 

1 

89 

80 

67 

86 

Total 

2,214 

22,  344,  955  63 

401 

7,  028,  535  49 

2,03 

3,483 

745 

836 

1,354 

920 

NAVY  PEXSIOX  ACCOUNTS. 


STATEMENT  of  the  WOBK  PERFOBMED  bi/  the  NAVY  PENSION  DIVISION  for 

the  fiscal  year  endingJune  30,  1882. 


Date. 

m. 

eS 
P  > 

5  . 

Amount 
involved. 

1881. 
July           

14 

23 

•  12 

9 

26 
11 

14 
18 
16 
27 
10 
44 

4 
17 

18 

8 

20 
19 
26 
29 
15 
45 

76 
72 
27 
36 
46 
100 

98 
64 
79 
89 
86 
90 

50 
58 
23 
24 
54 
37 

38 
59 
57 
42 
65 
45 

$2,  590  02 

10, 014  24 

84,  707  30 

110. 996  74 

46, 243  34 

0,  832  21 

1882. 

154,  072  31 

6.-.,641  30 

85,  579  16 

jtpril                                .      .         

30,  547  04 

ilay 

27, 529  91 

140.  987  47 

Total      

230 

232 

863 

552 

771,  741  13 

REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


265 


ARREARS  of  PENSION,  ACTS  of  JANVARY  25,  and  MARCH  4,  1879. 


Date. 


j  «?      ■?-   . 

\   B  >   '.   sM       Amount 

!   5?      £?      involved. 


JlllV 


Aiiiinst..*. 
Oi-tober..., 
iJtfci'iuber  . 


1882. 


JfiMiarv 
:Maivh.'.. 
A  1*1 il . . . . 

May 

JllIU' 


Total . 


AilOUXT  PAID  NAVAL  PENSIONERS. 


$973  4U 


1, 010  93 
8.'4  70 


Peut-ioi)  agencies. 


>>T-      ?  =  s 
J^.i        i£  ^  ., 


s  "  i.     ' 


Aii^riista.  ile 

BoHtou,  Mass 

Columbus.  Ohio... 

Cliieano,  m 

Concord,  N'.  H  . ... 

Dotroit.  Mich 

Krioxville,  Tcnu  . . 

Lonisvilh\  Ky 

Mihv.iukvo.  \V'i.'<  .. 
New  Voili  Citv... 
rittshursh.  Pa... 
PhihuU'iidiia.  Pa. . 
San  Fiancifico,  Cal 

Topoka.  Kflns 

WasliiufTfrtu,  D.  C 

Total 


s  = 

c  ^~*C 

^^^ 

~  Sz>^ 

i^.S 

«       1 

fi 

69 

..! 

13t 

$11,932  .34 

520 

520    : 

1,040 

1.57,  329  42 

55 

113 

108 

23,634  75 

90 

76 

166 

26,205  17 

86 

71 

157 

30.757  .39 

24 

26  1 

50 

6, 406  76 

83 

la  ! 

204 

34.  467  49 

11 

23  I 
25  1 

34 

3,  241  07 

30 

55 

8.294  51 

550 

415 

965 

140,  P45  26 

50 

69  1 

119 

21.771  60 

320 

455  1 

775 

95. 177  04 

65 

41  1 

106 

6,902  14 

25 

30  ' 

55 

12.971  9C 

400 

5lS  ; 

916 

143.794  31 

2,'378 

2,563 

4,841 

723,731  21 

Number  of  acconnts  on  hand  Jane  30,  1832,  25;  vouchers  examined,  15,326. 
PURCII.VBIXG    PAYMASTKItS'   AND   ALLOTMEXT   ACC(JCNf.S. 

STATEMENT  of  thc^WORK  PERFORMED  hi  the  NAVy  PAY  and  ALLOTMENT 
Dn'ISION  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1882. 


Date. 


1881 

July 

An^riist 

SojitcnibcT 

October 

Xoveniber 

Doceiuber 

1H82 

■Tnnuary 

!•>  br  u  ary — 

March  

April * 

May  

June 

Total : 


s    . 

it 

Amount  ii> 

B-2 

«"s 

£o 

volviJd. 

u 

o  « 

tj 

< 

>A 

^ 

12 

213 

240 

$036.  000  84 

17 

217 

•-•09 

091,984  90 

19 

204 

214 

iKi,  51<5  41 

26 

2«2 

279 

158,  042  49 

a 

213 

187 

5'.'6.814  03 

22 

242 

244 

•287,423  59 

55 

215 

214 

120.  370  93 

32 

213 

186 

390, 470  CO 

29 

224 

171 

221,578  50 

33 

240 

■  219 

7,  CM  45 

31 

251 

2(i0 

273,381  41 

50 

340 

204 

1,084,949  19 

350  ,     2, 734       2,  627  1    4, 891, 153  4« 


266 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 
ALLOTMENT  ACCOUNTS. 


Date. 

Allotments 
registered. 

Allotments 
discontinued. 

Date. 

Allotments  1   Allotments 
registered,     discontinued. 

1881. 

132 
48 

136 

149 
88 

226 

1 

99 

101  1 
115  1 

154 ; 

85 
81 

1882. 
January 

74 
104 

57 
101 

47 

53 

83 

J-l 

March 

44 

April 

99 

il  ay 

115 

110 

Total  

1,105  i                  1.167 

AMOUNTS  PAID  for  ALLOTMENTS  at  NA  VY  PAY  OFFICES  duriug  the  year  1881. 

New  York...- !?ir.2,000  .50 

Boston 0^'>,079  00 

Washington,  D.  C 81,88.5  83 

Philadelphia 70,398  50 

Baltimore 36,660  00 

San  Francisco - '^7, 853  00 

Norfolk 31,3H'J  00 

Total 505,265  83 

Accounts  remaining  on  hand  June  30,  1881,  283. 
Accounts  remaining  on  hand  June  30,  1882,  193. 
Number  of  vouchers  examined,  31,734. 

BOUNTY,  ARREARS  OF  PAY,  AND  GEXEEAL  CLAIMS. 

STATEMENT  of  the  WOEK  PERFORMED  by  GENERAL  CLAIMS  DIVISION  for 
the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1882. 


Date. 

Claims. 

.H 

0 
S 

Letters. 

Knmber  of  reports 
on  applications  for 

o 

*s 

1 

1 

< 

'5? 

% 

'S 
0 

■!-' 

.2 

"tr. 

■    C 

On  1i9Tiil  Jntip  'Jrt    lRi51 

70 

85 
303 

54 

78 
114 

70 

65 
82 
140 
231 
271 
245 

1881. 

70 
.58 
50 
74 
113 
07 

64 
53 
66 
86 
259 
168 

"'36' 

6 
9 
10 
•9 

$C,  706  50 
5,  219  56 
3,  636  40 
8,  091  17 

12, 420  80 

5,  302  33 

6,  883  02 
5,  997  33 
3,  259  85 

27,413  06 
70, 452  53 
39,  038  00 

458 
377 
329 
300 
552 
430 

395 
409 
578 
643 
089 
751 

431 

367 
330 
357 
505 
422 

421 
408 
528 
583 
818 
678 

120 

80 
76 
54 
148 
100 

144 
149 
135 
134 
12s 
80 

4 

* 

C 

1S82. 

2 

Tebrnary 

2 

1 

1 

■M'lv 

**         *  — .. . - 

Total 

1,814 

1,134 

u 

195, 147  39 

6,037 

5, 908 

1, 300                   16 

THE  JtBXICAN  WAR  THREE  MONTHS'  EXTRA  PAY. 

Of  the  above-meiitioued  settled  claims  CG  were  for  the  three  months' 
extra  paj',  autkorized  by  the  act  of  February  19, 1879,  for  services  in  the 


REPORT  OP  THE  SECRET AJIY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     267 

■warMnith  Mexico,  and  amount  to  the  sum  of  $2,072.70.  There  had  been  pre- 
Tiously  settled  of  these  chiiuis  1048,  and  i)aymeuts  made  of  $4o,.j01.G8. 
The  act  Just  referred  to  provides  that  the  firatuily  is  to  be  jtaid  sub- 
ject to  the  limitations  of  the  act  of  July  18,  1848.  As  has  been  previ- 
ously stated  in  t)ue  of  my  reports,  tliat  law  was  passenl  for  the  exclusive 
benefit  of  persons  who  were  employed  in  the  military  so;rvice  duriuj;'  the 
Mexican  war,  and  limite«l  the  i)ayment  to  those  who  ", -Nerved  out  their 
term  of  engagement,  or  have  been  or  may  be  honorably  discharged," 
and  to  the  widows,  children,  &C.,  of  those  "  who  have  been  killed  in 
battle,  or  who  died  in  service,  or  who,  harin(j  been  honorahh/  dhcharged, 
luiv(!  since  died,  or  may  hereafter  die,  without  receiving  the  three  months' 
pay."  The  term  honorably  discharged,  as  used  in  the  law,  ai)i)lied  to 
the  enlisted  men  and  to  the  volunteer  olhcers  of  the  Army  m  ho  received 
an  honorable  discharge  when  mustered  out  at  the  close  of  the  war,  or 
when  their  services  were  no  longer  required.  It  v/ill  be  seen,  therefore, 
that  tlie  "limitations"  of  the  law  of  1848  necessarily  excluded  those 
officers  of  the  Xavy  and  Marine  Corps  who  resigned  their  positions  or 
remained  in  the  service,  and  also  the  heirs  of  those  who  rei?igned  or 
died  in  the  service  after  the  19th  of  July,  1848.  Bills  have  beoji  intro- 
ducevl  designed  to  change  the  act  of  1879  so  that  its  benefits  may  be 
shared  by  all,  whether  in  the  regular  or  volunteer  Navy,  who  i)arti- 
cipated  in  the  Mexican  war  and  were  not  discharged  or  dismissed  for 
dishonorable  conduct  during  its  continuance;  but  they  have  made  little 
or  no  pix)gress,  and  the  matter  remains  in  statu  quo. 

MILEAGE  FOR  TRAVEL  ABROAD. 

Apparently  from  the  foundation  of  the  Navy,  certainly  from  1835,  it 
Lad  been  the  practice  to  pa3'  mileage  for  travel  at  home  and  actual  ex- 
penses abroad.  In  1874  all  mileage  was  abolished  by  act  of  Congress. 
In  1876  mileage  was  re-establishedfor  travelinthe  Xavy,  and  under  the 
advice  of  the  Attorney-General  the  old  practice  of  pa>  ing  actual  ex- 
penses abroad  was  continued.  The  question  of  the  legality  of  this  prac- 
tice was  tested  in  the  case  of  Temi)le  rs.  the  United  States,  and  decided 
by  the  United  States  Supreme  Court  against  the  defendants.  Of  the 
above-settled  claims  253,  amounting  to  $03,254.94,  were  adjusted  in  ac- 
cordance with  this  decision.  An  additional  number  have  been  adjusted 
and  paid  since  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year,  and  others  continue  to  be  re- 
ceived. At  the  late  session  of  Congivss  a  provision  was  adde«l  to  the 
naval  appropriation  bill  giving  legal  sanction  to  what  had  been  so  long 
the  practice — namely,  the  payment  of  actual  expenses  only  for  tr;»v«l 
abroad.  Claims  for  mileage,  arising  under  the  law  of  1.S35  (in  force 
until  1874),  are  still  pending  in  the  Court  of  Claims.  A  large  number 
have  nlso  been  recdved  by  this  ollice,  but  no  action  will  be  taken  until 
a  final  ttecisiou  has  been  reached  in  the  courts. 

PAYMENTS  TO  MACHINISTS. 

Of  the  above-settled  clain)s  47,  amounting  to  828,704,  were  allowed 
under  the  act  of  June  10,  1880,  giving  gratuities  to  discharged  nuu-hin- 
ists  in  lieu  of  re-enlintment,  <me-thirdof  one  ywir's  ]»ay  for  each  good- 
conduct  badge,  not  to  exceed  three  in  number.  A  fair  i»rop(trtion  of 
the  clainuxnts  have  three  of  these  bjidges,  entitling  them  to  a  year's 
extra  pay,  $918.  Theiv  have  been  reporte<l  previously  51  of  these  set- 
tled claims,  amounting  to  $27,510.  Claims  under  this  act  are  still 
being  received. 


268 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 


LONGEVITY  CLAIMS. 

Under  the  deei.sioyj  of  1  lie  court  in  the  Tyler  case  only  seven  dauns 
of  marine  <){)iccrs  li'/d  boon  sett  led  Jit  the  close  oi"  the  year,  involving 
the  sum  of  ."iifl,240.{-)U,  'I'liis  (U'cision  is  lield  in  tlu!  De]);atnient  of  Jus- 
tice as  not  np])li('ftWe  to  l()nj;evity  claims  in  tho,  Nm-y;  and  such  claims 
will  be  contesteil  in  the  Court  of  Claims,  where  one  is  now  jx'iidinj;-, 
and,  pro1)ably,  in.  the  Snjireme  Court.  Until  a  decision  is  rcacJied  no 
action  will  be  taken  on  similar  claLms  now  in  this  ollice. 

PKIZE-MOXKY,  RECORD,   AXD  FILES  DIVISION. 

STATEMENT  ojf  the  WORK  PEEFOnMED  hi/  the  PRIZE-MONEY,  RECORD,  and 
FILES  Dl  VISION  Jor  thefimd  year  ending  June  '60,  1682. 


Bate. 


18S1. 
July 

Aiifjuat 

S<']itrnil>€r  . 
Octoborr 

>.'i>vei!jl)er  . 
DcrenibiT  .. 

1882. 

Jantiafv 

FeltniaVy  .. 

jsti.i-ch: 

April 

f-'y- 

Juue 

Total... 


Letteif 


99 
1-25 
84 
915 
101 
113 


127 
105 
158 
101 
122 
158 


120 
>32 
101 
113 
113 
124 


157 
119 
182 
142 
148 
189 


1,389   1,040 


Claims — 


a> 

sa 

a 


7 
8 
6 

100 


$212  GO 
2!I0  60 
557  37 
3*8  47 
159  18 
204  89 


509  07 
301  84 
988  41. 
847  04 
278  43 
534  73 


Kecords. 


1,192 
1,126 
884 
1, 120 
1,222 
1,166 


1, 159 
1,133 
1,  299 
1,417 
1,  459 
1,499 


•ri 

S5 


mri 


1,297 
1,192 
1, 057 
1.187 
1,270 
1,196 


1,204 
1,218 
1,291 
1,  385 
1,727 
1,553 


5, 253  29  I  14,  682  15, 637 


2,383 
2. 113 
1,484 
1,.516 
2,141 
1,588 


1,485 
1,744 
2,187 
1,645 
1,551 
1,  4*4 


3,955 
2,113 
1,484 
2,523 
2,  50J 
2,807 


2,191 
2,603 
3,917 
1,645 
2,780 
2,410 


21,  321 


30,933 


66 


This  division  is  charged,  also,  with  the  preparation  of  all  reports  and 
tabulftr  statements  called  for  by  Congress  and  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury;  the  preservation  and  care  of  the  files;  keeping  a  record  of 
appointments,  resignations,  removals,  and  absences;  the  care  and  issu- 
ing of  stationery  used  in  the  office,  and  the  payment  of  salaries  to  em- 
ployes. 

NEW   ORLEANS  PRIZE-MONEY. 


I  regret  to  have  to  say  that  Congress  have  as  yet  made  no  appropri- 
ation to  pay  what  is  known  as  the  "  third  iustallmont  of  Kew  Orleans 
prize-money."  Besides  the  vessels  captured  by  the  tieet  under  the 
command  of  Admiral  Farragut,  during  the  engaiwemeuts  near  Forts 
Jackson  and  Saint  Philip,  a  large  number  of  vesseis  were  destroyed, 
for  which  the  court,  in  1873,  awarded  the  sum  of  $26S,G00.  At  the 
date  of  the  award  there  w*as  in  the  Treasury,  after  i)aying  fees,  &c.,  but 
$93,805.20  to  the  criedit  of  the  appropriation  "  Boun.ty  ibr  the  destruction 
of  enemies'  vessels."  This  amount  was  distributed  to  all  the  captors. 
There  remains  to  be  ap|jropriated  by  Congress  the  sum  of  $143,644.47. 
There  are  several  thousand  i>ersons  directly  interested  as  creditors  iu 
this  matter.  This  money  is  as  justly  due  as  tliat  arising  under  any 
other  obligation  of  the  government.  The  chaimants  are  worthy  men 
who  have  rendered  valuable  services  to  the  government,  and  are  clearly 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


269 


entitled  to  the  money  which  has  been  awffrded  to  them  by  the  proper 
court.  If  Congress  failed  to  provide  for  thx;  interest  on  tlie  public  debt, 
or  the  principal  when  due.  it  would  be  reccijrnized  as  a  national  disj?race. 
So,  also,  if  they  neglected  to  appropriate  the  money  to  meet  the  claims 
settled  by  the  accounting  officers  or  jud.'^ments  rendered  by  the  United 
States  conrts  against  the  Government,  /t  would  be  regarded  as  highly 
reprehensible,  and  discreditable  to  our  whole  people.  The  claims  of 
ofQcers  and  seamen  for  this  New  Orleans  prize-money — claims  i>roperly 
adjudicated  and  judgment  given — are  just  as  valid  as  those  named,  and 
they  ought  to  be  paid  with  the  same  promptitude  that  all  other  lawful 
obligations  are  paid.  It  is  respectfiifVy  urged  that  there  is  no  shadow 
of  a  reasonable  excuse  for  longer  del/ry  on  the  part  of  Congress. 

ABOLITION  OF  JPRIZE-MONEY. 

It  has  been  suggested  that  pwze-woney  ought  to  be  abolished;  and 
one  or  more  amendments  were  offered  to  the  last  naval  a])propriation 
bill  to  accomplish  this  i)urposo,  bntithey  were  ruled  out  of  order,. and 
no  direct  vote  was  reached  upon  them.  It  would  seem  that  this  is  a 
move  in  the  right  direction  ami  in  jMicordance  with  the  spirit  of  the  age, 
as  well  as  with  the  laws  and  regu7ations  governing  the  military  arm  of 
the  public  service.  It  would  be,  difficult,  perhaps,  to  give  any  good 
reason  why  captures  made  at  sea  should  be  awarded  to  the  captors  any 
more  than  captures  made  on  land*  The  hopes  of  such  prizes  may  stimu- 
late to  greater  exertion  in  the  r.aval  service,  and  in  naval  engagements 
particularly,  as  tliey  would,  doubtless,  in  military  enterprises  on  land; 
but  in  both  cases  would  it  not»be  better  to  rely  on  the  honor,  the  sense 
of  duty,  the  courage,  the  diwipline,  and  the  patriotism  of  officers  and 
men,  rather  than  ui)on  the  boi)e  of  incidental  pecuniary  reward?  The 
ineiiualities,  jealousies,  and  dissatisfactions  growing  out  of  the  distri- 
Imtion  of  prize-money  are  proverbial,  and  can  be  remedied  only  by  a 
discontinuance  of  this  reKo  of  ruder  ages. 

PATMAJ?.TERS'  AND  MARLNE  ACCOXINTS. 


■STATEMENT  of  WORK  PEllFORMET)  hij  the   PAYMASTER'S  DIVISION  for  the 
fical  year  ending  June  30,  1882. 


July 

Au(;uHt 

September. 

October 

November . 
December  . 


January  .. 
Fobnuiry  . 

March 

April 

Miiy 

Juiio 


Total, 


Date. 


1881. 


2 

i 

S 

t 

Js 

2d 
2  > 

fi 

eg 

0 

0 

It 

Co 

§^ 

^■3 

5-S 

A  » 

r 

s 
-< 

r- 

0 
t-1 

S 
0 

25 

24 

124 

97 

4ft2 

:>6 

27 

116 

133 

371 

21 

34 

107 

101 

eM 

28 

30 

163 

115 

1, 722 

4'.J 

27 

155 

125 

509 

23 

40 

125 

95 

663 

18 

27 

146 

139 

973 

40 

40 

1:10 

116 

1, 052 

26 

30 

104 

9C 

640 

20 

31 

lf>2 

103 

1.196 

40 

33 

ir>8 

174 

539 

25 

20 

110 

134 

836 

373 

368 

1,629 

1,427 

0,633 

.a 


$1,375,386  92 

313,  355  34 

1,  001, 121  OJ 

1,109.915  24 

762,234  57 

1,212,181  40 

1,123,275  59 
1,  598,  (J3  J  ac 

554.  599  21 
1,281.  183  «8 

7')0,  6(>0  42 
1.121.576  23 


12,  2W,  072  61 


Accounts  on  hnn/1  July  1,  1881 01 

Accouuta  ou  liand  Jauo  30.  1882 60 


270 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 


ACOOUNTa   OF  DISnURSING  OFFICERS. 

I  sun  ]>leHSOfl  to  report  that,  an  a  rule,  tlie  aceounts  of  the  disbursing; 
otiicei's  of  tlie'Navy  liave  been  i)roniptIy  and  accurately  rendered  dur- 
ing;- the  year,  sho\vin;j:  a  clear  sense  of  resjjonsibility,  and  a  laudable 
l>urpose'to  diNcharj>e  their  inxportant  duties  with  the  utmost  fidelity. 
There  ha\'<5  been  some  excepvaous,  but  it  is  believed  that  these  are 
diminishing',  and  that  there  is  fifi  increasing  sense  of  honor  and  ae(!ount- 
ability  ai>i)arent,  which  promises  well  for  the  future  of  this  branch  of 
the  service.  The  disbursements  of  the  year  have  been  made  without 
loss  to  the  (rovernment  so  far  as  fjccounts  have  been  examined  in  detail, 
and  it  is  believed  thattinal  settlements  will  exhibit  this  gratifying  result. 

VISITORS  TO  NAVAL  ACADEMY. 

The  act  of  February  14,  1879,  provides  that  there  shall  be  appointed 
every  year  a  board  of  visitors  to  attend  the  annual  examination  at  the 
Naval  Atiademy.  This  board  conjusts  of  twelve  members^  seven  of 
them  ajtpointed  by  the  President  of  the  United  States,  two  Senators 
appointed  by  the  Vice-President  or  I'l'esident  i)ro  tempore  of  the  Senate, 
and  three  Pepresentatives  a])point«Hl  by  the  Speaker  of  the  House. 
The  act  also  provides  that  each  member  of  this  board  shall  receive  uot 
exceeding  eight  cents  per  mile  traveled  by  the  most  direct  route  from 
his  residence  to  Anna]»olis,  and  eight  cents  per  mile  for  each  mile  from 
said  i)lace  to  his  residence  on  returning.  For  the  expenses  of  this  board 
of  visitors  Congress  appropriates  $2,C00  annually.  The  manner  in 
which  this  suni  was  expended  in  the  hist  fiscal  year  is  shown  by  the 
following  statement: 

^JEMS  COMPRISING  COMMISSARY  ACCOUNT  WITH  BOARD  HOUSE. 

Ca,iTia!;os $106  00 

Barbel- 15  00 

Expense  cards,  &.C 4  57 

Umbrellas,  &c 39  17 

Glass (5  52 

Flowers 13  76 

U.  S.  Naval  storekeeper 25  36 

Chiua 205  56 

Servauts 208  16 

Newspaicrs 4  50 

WiDes,    Liquors,    and    Mineral 

Water 589  16      Cigars. 


Ice 

Telegrap.liing 

Tinware 

Freight 

Washing  ,, 

Groceries 

Meats 

Fish 

Vegetables  and  fruit 
Ice  oream  anal  cake  . , 


$23  76 

6 

67 

6  23 

4 

38 

12 

00 

269 

97 

207 

;).•> 

45 

47^ 

82  10 

61 

75 

252 

12 

Total 2,169  76 

L.  G.  BILLINGS, 
Paymaster,  U.  i.\  N.,  Commissarji,  N.  A. 

The  remainder  of  the  appropriation  was  exhausted  in  the  payment 
of  mileage.  1  respectfully  suggest  that  the  approprLUtiou  of  a  gross  sum 
for  the  i)ayment  of  expenses  of  this  kind  is  unwi.se,  as  tlie  above  bill 
abun(hintly  show^s;  and  that  it  would  be  better  to  follow  the  usual 
pracii<'e  of  paying  a  per  diem  and  mileage  and  pennii*itingthe  members 
of  the  board  to  pay  their  own  expenses,  as  do  nearly  all  other  officers, 
agents,  and  employes  of  the  Government.  There  are  comfortable  hotels 
at  Auna])olis,  and  there  can  be  no  good  reason  given  why  they  should 
be  ignored  and  such  public  expendij^ures  made  as  the  above  stateniciit 
exhibits. 

THE   CIVIL   SERVICE. 

In  acknowledging  my  obligations  to  the  deputy  auditor,  Mr.  B.  P. 
Davis,  to  the  chiefs  of  divisions,  the  clerks  and  employes  generally  of 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     271 

this  office,  I  am  constrained  to  say  a  few  words  concernin;j  the  civil 
service  here  in  Washingtoii  as  it  has  come  under  my  observation,  with 
some  suggestions  as  to  its  pei-maneucy  and  further  improvement.  It 
is  well  known  to  tliose  acquainted  with  this  service  l)y  practical  ex- 
l)erience,  that  it  is  not  nearly  so  bad  as  it  is  frequently  painted  by  per- 
sons who  have  not  had  such  exi)erience.  TJie  improvements  in  the 
methods  of  doing  business  and  in  the 2^er)iounel  of  the  Departments  have 
been  marked  during  the  last  twenty  years,  as  many  clerks  can  testify 
whose  service  extends  over  the  great<>r  part  of  that  time.  There  has 
been  a  survival  of  the  littest.  The  inefficient  and  those  wanting  in 
good  character  have  been  dropped,  while  the  capable,  tlie  careful,  and 
the  upright  have  been  retained.  80  that  the  service  to-day,  to  say  the 
least,  is  in  a  \'ery  fair  coiulition. 

There  are  in  tliis  bureau,  as  there  are  doubtless  in  every  one,  clerks 
who  are  receiving  but  moderate  salaries  whose  cajjacity  and  ex]>erieiu;e, 
were  they  available  in  private  business,  would  conunaud  not  only  much 
better  compensation,  but  would  insure  to  their  owners  positions  of  in- 
dependence and  intluencein  anj' community.  The  services  of  such  em- 
ployes are  very  valuable  to  the  Government,  and,  as  long  as  they  re- 
uuiiu  so,  they  ought  to  be  retained.  To  secure  j^ermanency  in  this 
service  and  to  insure  its  future  eflicieucy  and  still  further  improvement, 
two  or  three  simple  enactments  are  suggested  : 

1.  The  law  at  present  requires  that  ''apiwintments  in  the  Treasury 
Dejiartment  shall  be  so  nuinagcd  as  to  be  equally  distributed  between 
the  several  States,  Territories,  and  the  District  of  Columbia,  according 
to  popidatiou."  This  princii)le  should  be  ap])lied  to  all  of  the  Dei)art- 
ments,  thus  keeping  up  the  representative  idea. 

2.  As  is  well  laiown,  much  of  the  time  of  the  heads  of  Departments, 
Senators,  and  lU'presentatives  is  now  taken  up  in  listeinng  to  and  iH'e- 
senting  the  reasons  why  certain  i)ersons  should  be  given  places.  For 
days  and  weeks  after  President  Garfield  was  inaugurated,  the  Secreta- 
ries of  the  Treasury  and  Interior  were  overwhelmed  with  work  of  this 
kind.  To  obviate  this  and  to  make  the  service  equally  open  to  all,  let 
the  law  provide  that  a  suitable  examination — comjx'titive  probably  the 
best — under  established  general  rules,  shall  take  i)lace  in  the  State  or 
congressional  district  where  the  applicant  resides.  Commercial  col- 
leges, business  men,  and  literary  institutions  c(mld  easily  be  found 
doubtless  who  woid(l,  free  of  exi)ense  to  the  Gov«'rnnu'nt,  furnish  the 
requisite  boards  for  conducting  these  examinations.  Clerical  vacan- 
cies in* the  ])eitartmeuts  and  lU'W  positions  would  then  l)e  filled  ]»y  re- 
(piisitions  on  States  or  districts  entitled  to  receive  appointments.  Tiie 
home  examination  should  be  sufficient  to  entitle  the  ai)pli('aut  to  a  ]n'o- 
bationary  api)ointnu'nt  for  a  few  months,  upon  the  expiration  of  which 
he  should  receive  a  permanent  one,  if  proved  to  be  qualified. 

3.  A  lixed  tenure  of  ollice  of  live  or  seven  years,  (with  i)ri\ilege  of  re- 
appointnu'ut,)  during  which  the  appointee  could  not  be  removed  except 
for  inefliciency  or  bad  conduct. 

4.  Promotions,  other  things  in  the  aggregate  being  fairly  e<pial,  as 
shown  by  suitable  examination,  to  be  in  accordance  with  seniority  of 
service. 

It  appears  to  me,  from  such  rotiection  as  I  have  been  able  to  give  the 
subject,  that  a  law  embodying  these  suggestions  would  relieve  the  civil 
service  in  Washington  of  the  odium  now  attaching  to  it,  and  Cabinet 
officers  and  Congressnien  of  nuu'h  laborious,  vexatious,  and  profitless 
work;  while  uumy  thousands  of  our  fellow-citizens  wiuUd  be  saved 
time,  money,  and  self-respect,  whicli  are  now  lost  in  weary  journeying, 


272  PAPERS    ACCORfPANYING   THE 

waiting,  and  bcscocliing  only  to  find  at  last  that  there  are  no  places  for 
them,  and  the  ratio  of  applicants  to  vacancies  is  as  twenty  or  more  to 
one.  The  service,  also,  which  is  the  great  point  to  be  gained,  would  be 
rendered  in  due  time  vastly  more  permanent  and  efficient  than  it  could 
reasonably  be  expected  to  bo  where  numerous  and  frequent  changes 
may  be  made  by  the  whims  of  individuals,  the  pressure  of  partisans,  or 
the  varying  fortunes  of  political  parties. 
Veiy  respectfidly, 

CHAS.  BEAEDSLEY, 

Auditor. 
Hon.  Charles  J.  Folger, 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 


BEPORT  OF  THE  FIFTH  AUDITOE  OF  THE  TREASURY. 

Tbeasuby  Department, 
Fifth  Auditor's  Office, 
Washington,  October  31,  1882. 
Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  herewith  the  annual  report  of  this 
office  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1882. 

DIPLOMATIC  AND  CONSULAR  SERVICE. 

The  accounts  of  ministers  and  others  in  the  diplomatic  service  (Ex- 
hibit A)  show  that  there  were  paid  for  salaries  8310,627.24  and  for  con- 
tingent expenses  869,525.23,  aggregating  $380,162.47.  Passport  and 
official  fees  amounted  to  $3,724.21. 

The  Revised  Statutes  classify  the  consulates- general,  consulates,  and 
commercial  agencies  into  three  classes :  1.  Those  embraced  in  a  sched- 
ule known  as  Schedule  B,  the  incumbents  of  which  receive  a  fixed  salary, 
and  are  not  allowed  to  engage  in  private  business.  2.  Those  embraced 
in  a  schedule  known  as  Schedule  0,  the  incumbents  of  which  receive  a 
fixed  salary  and  are  allowed  to  engage  in  business.  3.  All  other  con- 
sulates the  incumbents  of  which  are  comi>ensated  by  the  fees  collected 
in  their  offices  and  are  allowed  to  transa<it  business.  In  tabulating 
consular  accounts  for  fees,  salaries,  and  other  expenditures  (*Exhibits  B, 
C,  D,  E,  and  F)  this  classification  has  been  observed.  The  following 
are  the  totals  presented : 

Fees  for  official  services §889,840  55 

Consular  salaries $415,735  48 

Loss  by  exchange 2, 392  90 

Compensation  irom  fees 192, //8  98 

Rent,  clerk  hire,  ifcc,  (sec.  1732  E.  S.) 5,265  92 

Contingent  expenses 133,470  86 

Allowance  for  clerks 54,  098  63 

Rent  of  prison,  wages  of  keepers,  &c.,  China 8,236  87 

Rent  of  prison,  wages  of  keepers,  &c.,  Japan 4,063  60 

Rent  of  prisons,  wages  of  keej>ers,  »S:.c.,  Siaiu  and  Turkey.. .  899  45 

Salaries  of  iuterpraters  to  consulates  in  China,  Japan,  and 

Siarn 11,705  01 

Salaries  of  marshals  for  consular  courts 7,003  77 

Expenses  for  interpreters,  guards,  tfcc,  in  Turkish  dominions.        3, 150  61 

83?,  822  08 

Excess  of  receipts  over  expenditni'ea 51,018  47 

Included  in  the  amount  reported  for  consular  salaries  are  $4,882.55 
paid  consular  officers  not  citizens,  covered  by  a  separate  appropriation 
of  $5,000. 


REPORT  OF  THK  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     273 
OONStTLAR  FEES. 

The  revised  tariff,  of  fees  which  took  effect  in  October,  1881,  not  only 
changed  the  character  of  many  fees  from  official  to  private,  but  mate- 
rially reduced  the  charges  for  certain  services.  The  fee  for  "  acknowl- 
edgments," for  example,  was  cut  down  from  $2.50  and  83  to  $1 ;  "au- 
thenticating signatures"  from  $2  to  $1 ;  "orders  and  letters "  from  $2 
to  $1,  and  several  shipping  certificates  from  $2  to  $1,  while  "landing 
certiticates"  were  fixed  at  $2.50,  uniformly,  except  on  the  liio  Grande, 
Mexico.  Notwithstanding  this  vers-  considerable  decrease,  the  fees  re- 
ceived are  846,774.19  in  excess  of  those  for  the  year  1881,  showing  a 
decided  increase  in  the  business  transacted. 

In  this  connection  I  desire  to  call  attention  to  the  table  (Exhibit  I), 
indicating  the  sources  from  which  official  feei?  were  derived.  The  fol- 
lowing arc  the  totals  given: 

VESSELS'  FEES  and  CHARGES. 

Shipping  and  discliarging  crews $16,478  98 

Toiinajjo  dues 30, 181  94 

Bills  of  health  and  clearances 25,161  24 

Other  fees 22,502  55 

Extra  wages 35, 561  47 


$129,906  18 


MISCELLAXEO  US. 

Invoices $722,412  91 

Otherfees 73,102  93 

795,515  84 

Total 925,422  02 

RECEIPTS  AND   IIS^VOICES. 

A  law  passed  in  xVugust,  1856  (section  1213  Eevised  Statutes,  1878) 
makes  it  the  duty  of  owners,  agents,  consignees,  masters,  and  command- 
ers of  vessels  to  furnish  copies  of  consular  receipts  for  fees  to  collectors 
of  ports,  who  shall  forward  them,  as  well  as  statements  of  all  certified 
invoices,  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury.  During  the  past  year  an 
effort  has  been  made  to  comply  with  the  provisions  of  this  act,  the  plain 
intention  of  it  being  to  furnish  evidence  of  the  correctness  of  consular 
returns  of  official  fees  and  charges.  The  work  which  was  entirely  new 
to  this  office,  has  been  [)ro8ecuted  under  difliculties  arising  from  incom- 
plete returns  and  insufficient  clerical  force ;  but  it  has  progressed  far 
enough  to  indicate  that  the  law,  when  i)roi)erly  complied  with,  is  suffi- 
cient for  the  purpose  intended.  The  additional  clericjil  force  allowed 
this  office  by  the  ajipropriation  act  of  August  5, 1882,  will  enable  the 
work  to  be  done  ]»roinptly,  the  importance  of  which  is  too  obvious  to 
require  further  remark. 

RELIEF  OF  SEAJNrEN. 

Thirteen  hundred  and  eighty  seamen  were  relieved  during  the  year 
at  an  average  cost  of  about  822.50  each,  and  seven  humlred  and  four 
were  sent  to  the  United  States  on  certificate  payable  at  the  Treasury 
18  Ab 


274  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

at  an  additional  cost  ol"  $12.50  cacb.    The  accounts  adjusted  (Exhibits 
G  and  II)  present  tlie  following  totals  : 

Board  and  lodging $11,05')  56 

Clothing (3,25:5  88 

Passaige  jiaid  by  coiisiila 4,416  96 

Passage  to  tho  United  States  paid  at  Treasury 8,79'J  00 

Other  expenses b,  85U  60 

$39,985  20 

Extra  wagos  and  arrears 51,530  53 

Amount  refunded 18,149  31 

33,381  2-2 

Excess  of  relief  over  extra  wages  and  arrears 6, 603  93 

As  extra  wages  and  arrears  are  devoted  to  purposes  of  relief,  the 
actual  outlay  by  the  government  is  thus  reduced  to  less  than  one-sixth 
of  the  entire  amount  expended.  In  other  words,  of  the  $00,000  appro- 
priated by  Congress  for  the  relief  of  destitute  American  seamen,  less 
than  $7,000  have  been  used. 

Although  the  relief  afforded  for  1882  is  less  than  for  many  years,  a^ 
will  be  seen  by  reference  to  the  tabulated  statement  below,  I  am  of 
opinion  that  the  sum  paid  is  considerably  larger  than  it  need  be.  Extend- 
ing relief  to  seamen  who  are  properly  entitled  to  it  is  often  attended  with 
much  difficulty,  and  it  is  perhaps  not  surprising  that  in  some  instances 
consular  officers  cannot  discriminate  between  the  deserving  and  unde- 
serving. In  a  circular  letter  addressed  them  by  this  office  in  April 
last,  with  the  approval  of  the  First  Comptroller,  mention  was  made  of 
the  fact  that  in  several  cases  the  seamen  relieved  never  served  upon 
the  vessels  reported,  and  that  in  one  instance  no  such  vessel  sailed 
under  the  American  flag.  It  was  also  stated  that  seamen  sent  from 
one  consulate  to  another  often  received  clothing  at  both  places,  the 
second  supply  being  given  within  a  week  after  the  first  was  received.- 
Since  the  reception  of  this  circular  greater  care  seems  to  have  been 
exercised. 

In  this  connection  it  is  proper  to  add  that  consuls  are  often  called 
ujion  to  relieve  unworthy  persons  whose  demands  they  cannot  refuse. 
A  careful  study  of  the  returns  shows  that  about  ten  per  centum  of  those 
relieved  are  "  deserters,"  many  of  whom  are  little  better  than  tramps, 
who  seize  upon  every  opportunity  to  desert  their  vessels  and  live  at 
the  expense  of  the  Government  which  they  disgrace.  Yet  under  exist- 
ing regulations  consular  officers  find  it  difficult  to  avoid  aiding  them. 
The  precedent  seems  long  to  have  been  established  that  an  American 
seaman  icho  is  also  an  American  citizen  is  entitled  to  relief,  except  only 
when  actually  employed  upon  a  foreign  vessel.  He  may  desert  and 
take  employment  upon  a  railroad,  or  conceal  himself  until  his  vessel 
sails,  and  immediately  thereafter  return  to  the  consulate  and  obtain' 
relief.  Several  cases  of  tliis  character  have  been  reported  during  the 
past  year,  the  relief  being  given  solely  for  the  reason  that  the  seamen 
were  citizens  of  the  United  States. 

It  would  be  a  manifest  hardship  to  withhold  relief  from  "  deserters", 
in  all  cases,  for  men  are  frequently  driven  to  desertion  by  unusual  or 
cruel  treatment.  But  it  would  clearly  be  better  for  all  parties  in  inter- 
est if  consular  officers  were  authorized  to  relieve  this  class  of  seamen 
only  when  it  is  satisfactorily  ascertained  tli,at  the  desertion  is  justifiable 
regardless  of  the  seaman''s  citizenship.     The  course  pursued  at  present 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


275 


not  ouly  operates  as  an  incitement  to  desertion,  but  compels  the  consul 
to  grant  relief  in  cases  manil'estly  undeserving. 

GROWTH  OF  CONSULAR  BUSIIJOSSS. 

The  following-  table  not  only  affords  basis  for  a  comparison  of  con- 
sular receipts  and  expenses  for  the  past  year  with  former  years,  but 
indicates  the  rapid  growth  of  consular  business  since  the  close  of  the 
war. 


Years. 


I860 
1SC7 
]8»>« 
18(j9 
1870 
1871 
lfc7:i 
1873 
1874 
1^75 
lH7fi 
1877 
1878 
1879 
1880 
1881 
1882 


Fees 
received. 


$442, 477  5G 
424,  009  17 
435, 179  73 
459, 722  43 
534,  670  79 
632,  258  22 
706,  907  95 
746,  594  89 
715,  202  94 
697,  988  49 
651,  501  20 
624, 265  99 
635,  914  11 
682,  901  18 
826,  545  76 
843,  066  36 
889,  840  55 


Salaries. 


$.150, 
382, 
373, 
383, 
460, 
484, 
483, 

.  548, 
570, 
549, 
537, 
518, 
525, 
551, 
577, 
601, 
61C, 


570  94 

010  40 
750  89 
990  89 
964  59 
638  63 
225  11 
597  56 
621  23 
172  47 
456  37 
319  41 
673  85 
504  26 
238  25 
716  30 
193  28 


Eeliefof  sea- 


$183,  909  79 

151,282  81 

107,  536  30 

79,  714  89 

90,  078  61 

71,  064  10 
*232,  972  eO 

72,  284  42 
64,  640  72 
54,287  13 

73,  616  95 
72, 449  12 
70,  947  02 
68, 250  01 
.56,831  52 
42, 510  67 
39,  985  20 


Contingent 
cspeusea. 


$114, 
90, 
W, 
116, 
124, 
131, 
119, 
110, 
113, 
127, 
104, 
133, 


225  11 

626  21 
935  46 
273  41 
067  94 
735  :!5 
988  73 
490  86 
979  25 
059  30 
866  79 
470  86 


Allowiinco 
for  clerks. 


$32, 162  41 
34,193  60 
30,  518  90 
39,  036  67 
41,  525  81 
54,261  15 
54,  098  63 


•Inclnsive  of  $157,472.60  expended  on  account  of  the  destraction  by  ice  of  the  whaling  fleet  in  the 
Arctic  Ocean. 


OTHER  EXPENSES  OF  THE  FOREIGN  SERVICE. 

Other  accounts  pertaining  to  the  foreign  service  have  been  adjusted 
as  follows : 

Relief  of  claimants  for  destruction  of  private  armed  brig  G«neral  Arm- 
strong, act  of  April  20, 18d2 $39,886  31 

Compensation  and  expenses  of  commission  to  China,  1860  and  1881 .,..  36,  807  15 

Tribunal  of  arbitration  at  Geneva 400  80 

Joint  commission  for  settlement  of  claims  between  the  United  States  and 

the  French  Republic 65,625  31 

International  Bimetallic  Commission 52,515  11 

Salary  and  expenses  of  United  States  American  and  British  Claims  Commi.s- 

sion  for  1872 5,  462  76 

Salary  and  expenses  of  United  States  American  and  British  Claims  Com- 

mi.ssion  for  lo73 12, 920  00 

Salary  and  expenses  of  United  States  American  and  British  Claims  Com- 
mission for  1874 5, 381  61 

Briuffiny  home  criminals,  for  1S81 TjGI  06 

Brinp;iug  home  criminals,  for  1882 H3S  12 

International  Bureau  of  Weifjlits  and  Measures,  1876, 1877, 1878, 1879 14,061  10 

International  Bureau  of  Weif^hts  and  Measures  for  1880 2,938  23 

International  Bureau  of  Weijihts  and  Measures  for  18-'2 4,  4%  51 

International  Exhibition  at  Sidney  and  Melbourne  for  1879  and  1880 26, 19J  95 

Berlin  Fishery  Exhibition 8,741  53 

Biii1dinn;s  and  fj;rounds  for  legation  in  China,  1876 2,000  00 

Buildings  and  grounds  for  legation  in  Cliiua,  lf^77 3,1100  00 

Buildings  and  grounds  for  legation  in  Chiua,  1878 3,  000  00 

Buildings  and  grounds  for  legation  in  China,  1879 3,000  00 

Buildings  and  grou^ls  for  legation  in  China,  18H0 3,000  00 

Buildings  and  grounds  for  legation  in  China,  18HI .'!.  (KIO  00 

Buihlings  and  grounds  for  h-gaticui  in  China,  l8.'-'2 3,000  00 

International  Exposition  at  Paris  tor  1^78 159,677  07 

Rescuing  Hhii»\vreck<'d  American  seamen,  1882 1:J0  18 

Expenses  of  Cape  Spaitel  and  Tangier  light,  1882 285  00 


276  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

Shipping  aiuldiHcharging  HCiitncn,  for  1882 $4,169  60 

Allowjinee  to  widows  or  heirs  of  <liph)niatic  and  consular  oflicers  who  die 

abroad,  1880.... 164  84 

Allowance  to  widows  or  heirs  of  diplomatic  and  consular  officers  who  die 

abroad,  1882 1,671  99 

Coutiugout  expenses  of  foreign  missions  for  1B81 .'3,493  85 

MORTON,  ROSE  &  CO.'S  ACCOUNTS.  ; 

During-  llie  year  Messrs.  IMorton,  Rose  &  Co.,  bankers  of  the  United 
States  at  London,  England,  received  $241,796.30  on  account  of  consu- 
lar fees,  $12,048.05  on  account  of  extra  wages  and  other  money  of  sea- 
men.   Their  disbursements  were  as  follows : 

Salaries  of  ministers  for  fiscal  year  1881 $'15,  313  42 

Salaries  of  ministers  for  fiscal  year  1882 139,903  67 

Coutlngent  expenses  of  foreign  missions  for  fiscal  year  1881 4,645  30 

Contingent  expenses  of  foreign  missions  for  fiscal  year  1882 29;  .575  06 

Salarie^s  of  secretaries  of  legation  for  fiscal  year  1881 4, 528  67 

Salaries  of  secretaries  of  legation  for  fiscal  year  1882 26, 477  66 

Salaries  of  consular  service  for  fiscal  year  1881» 2, 911  06 

Salaries  of  consular  service  for  fiscal  year  1882 9,  989  36 

Contingent  expenses  of  consular  sdrvice  for  fiscal  year  1881 419  69 

Contingent  expenses  of  consular  service  for  fiscal  year  1882 2,  449  03 

Books  and  maps  for  fiscal  year  1882 1,000  00 

Expenses,  interpreters,  guards,  Ac,  in  Turkish  dominions,  1881 125  00 

Expenses,  interpreters,  guards,  &.C.,  in  Turkish  dominions,  1882 125  00 

Expenses  of  Cape  Spartel  light  for  fiscal  year  1882 2-35  00 

International  exhibition  at  Sydney  and  Melbourne  for  1879  and  1880 2,799  66 

International  Biiuetallic  Commission 17,648  06 

International  Bureau  of  Weights  and  Measures,  for  fiscal  year  1882 4, 496  49 

International  Silver  Commission,  for  fiscal  year  1879 973  30 

Total 293,666  03 

decedents'  trust  fund. 

The  following  amounts  were  paid  out  of  "  estates  of  decedents,  trust 
fund,"  having-  been  previously  covered  into  the  Treasury: 

Henry  Willis,  deceased  seaman $80  00 

Alice"  Windsor,  alias  Evans,  deceased  citizen 139  87 

W.  E.  Parker,  deceased,  seaman 63  68 

Albert  Kuhnert,  deceased  seaman 34  74 

Jackson  Haines,  deceased  citizen 151  83 

William  Hahn  d'Amblay,  deceased  citizen 1, 500  00 

1,970  12 
INTERNAL  REVENUE. 

The  cash  deposited  for  the  year  (Exhibit  K)  amounted  to  $138,958,263..53, 
exclusive  of  $7,537,712.90  derived  from  sales  of  adhesive  stamps,  and 
$1,048.22  from  other  sources,  the  total  expenditure  being  $5,313,327.57, 
divided  as  folio vrs : 

Collectors^  accounts  (Exhibit  L). 

Salaries  of  collectors $1:19,512  08 

Deputies  and  clerks 1,1-^4, -^27  25 

Kent,  fuel,  and  lights 54,  :ff7  05 

Stationary,  &c 25,  ('.35  05 

Storekeepers 1,  '^75, 1-20  75 

Gauaers ..-      802,915  80 

§4, 081, 917  98 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    TREASURY.  277 

Agcutii'  ucconnis  ("Exhibit  N). 

Salaries $78,852  00 

Tiaiisportntion 1^> 0"-iB  52 

SiibHistence 25,008  86 

Other  expeuKes 2, 554  87 

Tnuisportation  over  Pacific  railroads ^' ^l9  '^ 

Stationeiy 1.1''^  9-^ 


Stamps,  paper,  and  dies.     . 

Biirean  of  Engraving  and  Printing 418, 413  74 

S.  D.  Warrwi  &.  Co (50,170  32 

Treasiuv  Department ti,<J48  12 

John  J.Crooke ^ 4.446  43 

Incidental  erpennes. 

(Including  detection  of  fraud,  connting,  and  issuing  stamps,  Sec.) 

Salary 92,300  66 

Traveling  expenses 12, 228  28 

Expenses 14,666  81 

Telegrams 1,432  41 

Rent    - r,,000  00 

Expressage 7,559  37 

Conusel  tees  and  expenses 7, 405  15 

Rewards ~.944  48 

Other  expenses. 

Surveyors  of  distilleries 5,087  01 

Salaries  in  office  of  the  Commissioner  of  Internal  Rev- 
enue    253,047  00 

Fees  and  expenses  of  gangers  prior  to  July  1,  1881 43, 749  2iJ 

Compensation  of  storekeepers  prior  to  July  1,  1881 30,816  00 

Accounts  unadjusted 137,648  12 


$122,846  43 


489, 678  61 


148,537  16 


470, 347  33 


Total 5,313,327  57 

The  accounts  of  tlio  Commissioner  of  Internal  Revenue  for  stamps 
(Exhibit  M)  are  as  follows : 

Distilled-spirit  stamps $101,665,626  00 

Special-tax  stamps 12,931,860  00 

Boer  stamps 21,(368,462  68 

Stamps  for  tobacco,  sniili',  and  cigars 02,949,319  12 

Stamped  foil  wrappers 317, 833  20 

Stamped  paper  labels  for  tobacco '^'2?^  ^^ 

Documentary  and  proprietary  stamjis 9,  441, 738*38 

Total 208,977,639  38 

In  the  adjustment  of  accounts  of  172  stamp  ap:cnt8  the  amount  in- 
volved \vas$o,l!)l,5SS.;31,iind  of  025  claims  for  the  redemption  of  stamps, 
amoniifin^  to  .Sai,!*!)!).,').'.,  tliore  was  discounted  $1,107.9G,  leavin<;  an 
amount  actually  ])aid  of  >*.').'>,S(H.57. 

15y  tlie  last  report  the  iSei-retary  of  the  Treasury  had  on  deposit  to 
liis  credit  on  account  of  "  lines,  pemdties,  and  forfeitures,"  a  balance  of 
$G2,9<)8.5o. 

l)urin<,^the  year  deposits  have  been  made  to  the  amount  of  $235,954.08, 
and  disbursements  made  to  the  amount  of  .*M5,014.G9,  leaving  a  balamce 
to  his  credit  January  1,  18S2,  of  §15.),S47.94. 

An  account  has  also  been  r»Midered  by  him  on  account  of  "  offers  in 
com])romise"  (si)ecial-dei)osit  account  ^o.  5)  from  January  1  to  Deccm- 
bor  .'U,  1881,  as  follows:  Balance  per  last  report  s?38,873.G7j  amount  de- 


278  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

posited  {Inriiip:  tlio  year,  $200,900.78;  amount  disbursed  $170,041.10, 
Teaviu.^'  a  balance  oil  deposit  to  his  credit  January  1, 1882,  of  $75,733.35. 
This  aecount  remains  unadjusted. 

The  Ibllowinft- sums  were  refunded:  Taxes  erroneously  assessed  and 
collected,  880,311.50;  drawbacks  on  merchandise  exported,  $43,001.49; 
and  moneys  refunded  under  private  act  of  Congress,  $7,211.77. 

The  disbursements  by  George  Waterhouse,  chairman  of  the  South 
Carolina  Free  School  Eund  Commissioners,  amounted  to  $1,490, 

A. judgment  of  $18,711.11,  rendered  by  the  Court  of  Claims  to  reim- 
burse disbursing  clerk  for  moneys  deposited  in  IMerchants'  National 
Bank,  Washujgton,  D.  C,  April  27,  1800,  has  also  been  adjusted. 

DISBURSING  clerks'  ACCOUNTS. 

Accounts  rendered  by  Col.  E.  0.  Morgan,  disbursing  clerk  of  the 
State  Department,  have  been  adjusted  as  follows: 

Expenses  under  tlie  neutrality  act,  1881 $3,100  00 

Expenses  under  tlie  neutrality  act,  1882 40  50 

International  Exliibitiou  at  Paris,  1878 , 118  50 

Rescuing  shipwrecked  American  seamen,  1880 50  00 

Rescuing  shipwrecked  American  seamen,  1881 295  47 

Rescuing  sbiinvrecked  American  seamen,  1882 1,708  93 

Contingent  expenses  of  foreign  missions,  1880 2,  G15  05 

Contingent  expenses  of  foreign  missions,  1831 7  108  20 

Contingent  expenses  of  foreign  missions,  1882 20, 425  43 

Bringing  home  criminals,  1879 ' 32  00 

Bringing  home  criminals,  1882 450  00 

Contingent  expenses  of  United  States  consulates,  1881 19,767  57 

Contingent  expenses  of  United  States  consulates,  1882 47,685  50 

International  Exhibition  at  Sydney  and  Melbourne,  1879  and  1880 20  00 

Publicatiouof  consular  and  otlier  commercial  reports,  1882 9,331  17 

Publication  of  consular  and  other  comineroial  reports,  1881 3,799  96 

Editing,  publishing,  and  distributing  Revised  and  Annual  Statutes,  1882..  3,919  67 

Editing,  publishing,  and  distributing  Revised  and  Annual  Statutes,  1881.-  145  71 

Books  and  maps,  1832 1,949  32 

Books  and  maps,  1881 176  96 

Books  and  maps,  1879 105  45 

Proof-reading  and  packing  laws,  1882 1,257  00 

Lithographing,  1882 842  65 

Stationery  ami  furniture,  1882 3,  824  15 

Stationery  and  furniture,  1881 952  62 

Expenses  of  International  Sanitar j"  Congress 3, 521  95 

Observance  of  the  centennial  anniversary  of  the  surrender  of  Lord  Corn- 

wallis  at  Yorktowu,  Va 19,814  76 

Monument  to  mark  the  birthplace  of  George  Washington 1, 500  00 

That  the  above  exhibit  might  be  complete,  it  was  necessary  to  include 
the  folloAving  accounts  already  given  in  aggregating  the  expenses  of  the 
diplomatic  and  consular  service : 

Contingent  expenses  of  consulates,  1882 $47, 685  50 

Contingent  expenses  of  foreign  mission,  1882 20, 425  43 

Accounts  rendered  by  Mr.  Eichard  Joseph,  disbursing  clerk  of  the 
Department  of  the  Interior,  have  been  adjusted,  as  follows  : 

Contingent  expenses,  ofllce  of  Commissioner  of  Patents,  1882 $9,740  98 

Contingent  expenses,  office  of  Commissioner  of  Patents,  1881 4^  475  13 

Photolitliographiug,  office  of  Commissioner  of  Patents,  1882- .55,507  42 

Photolithographing,  othce  of  Commissioner  of  Patents,  1881 11,389  41 

Copies  of  drawings,  office  of  Couuuissioner  of  Patents,  1882 39,165  37 

Copies  of  drawings,  office  of  Commissioner  of  Patents,  1881 13, 127  10 

Plates  for  Patent  Office  Offi.^a I  Gazette,  1882 22,9i!0  50 

Plates  for  Patent  Otlice  Oliiciul  Gazette,  1381 5,226  65 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     279 

Expenses  for  packing  and  distributing  ofTicial  documents,  IBt*^ $1,491  21 

Expenses  for  packing  and  distributing  otlicial  documents,  Irt^il 3,  Til  4(i 

Expenses  for  packing  and  distributing  ollicial  documents,  Id:^ 152  55 

jScieutilic  library,  otiice  of  Commissioner  of  Patents,  l!:^"'2 1,717  69 

Scientific  library,  ottice  of  Commissioner  of  Patents,  l>^ai , 3,922  09 

Preservation  of  collections,  Smithscmian  Institution,  18&2 28,117  81 

Preservation  of  collections,  Smithsonian  Institution,  Iddl 20,491  12 

Preservation  of  collections,  Smithsouiau  Inslitutiou  (Armory  Building), 

1HS2 ., 2,480  % 

Preservation  of  collections,  Smithsouiau  Institutiou  (Armory  Bnilding), 

1881 614  l.'> 

Furniture  and  lixtures.  National  Museum,  1882 34,380  94 

Furniture  and  fixtures,  National  Museum,  1881 28,598  98 

International  exohanges,  Smithsonian  Institution,  1882 3,000  00 

Classified  abridgments  of  letters  patent 8, 4ii8  15 

Publishing  the  Biennial  Register 1,947  35 

Expenses  of  the  Tenth  Census 975,471  23 

Expenses  of  the  Tenth  Census,  printing  and  engraving,  1882 88,  348  60 

Other  accounts  rendered  by  several  disbursing  agents  of  the  Census 
Office  liave  been  adjusted,  as  follows: 

Expenses  of  the  Tenth  Census $23,200  32 

Expenses  of  the  Eighth  Census ItiO  07 

Miscellaneous : 
John  S.  Williams,  for  extra  services  in  compiling  the  Biennial  Register  for 

1879 200  00 

Accounts  rendered  by  Col.  J.  O.  P.  Burnside,  disbursinij  cleric  of  tbe 
Post-Oflice  Department,  have  been  adinst«'(l,  as  follows: 

Publication  of  Official  Postal  Guide,  1882 §23,000  00 

Publication  of  Official  Postal  Guide,  1881 3,tKJ2  31 

Stationery,  1882 8,998  61 

Stationery,  1881 1,774  81 

Carpets,  1882 4,951  8<") 

Gas,  1882 4,856  41 

Furniture,  1882 5,999  76 

Hardware,  1882 1,391  45 

Hardware,  Idal 7:W  73 

Fuel,  1882 4,338  30 

Fuel,  1881 1,070  56 

Painting,  18i^2 3, 999  84 

plumbing  and  gas-lixtnres,  1882 3,999  50 

Keeping  hoi-ses  and  n-jjair  of  wagons  and  harness,  1882 1,  197  0<J 

Reut  of  house  No.  915  E  street,  1882 1,500  00 

Directories,  1882 200  GO 

Telegraphing.  1881 2,  7:W3  22 

Miscellaneous  items,  1881 547  72 

The  nceounts  nudited  aj-grog-ate  81,<»<>l>,-i;51,700.(;i,  uliicli  of  itself 
indicates  tlie  character  of  the  business  transacted  as  well  as  the  large 
amounts  involved  in  its  settlejuent.  During  the  year  0,(»0<)  accounts 
were  adjusted,  230,797  vouchers  examined,  .■-!,717  letters  written,  8,115 
reports  recorded  and  copied,  2r),7{)0  coupon-books  counted,  and  25,8G7 
books  sdieduled.  An  examination  of  the  accompanying  tables,  letteretl 
from  A  to  X  and  to  which  freciuent  reference  has  been  made,  will  fur- 
ther convey  ,som«;  idea  of  the  work  ])erfbrmed  by  the  clerks  of  this  ofhce, 
whose  indiistry  and  ethcien(\v  I  take  this  o])portunity  of  commending. 
1  have  the  honor  to  be,  verv  iesi)ectrullv,  vour  obe«lient  servant, 

D.  8.  ALEXANDER, 
Auditor. 
Hon.  Charles  J.  Fotjoer, 

Sea'etary  of  the  Tnasvry. 


280  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

REPOKT   Ol"^   THE   SIXTH  AUDITOK   OF  THE  TREASURY. 

Office  of  Tim  Auditor  of  the  Treasury 

For  the  Post-Office  Department, 
Washington,  U.  C,  November  C,  1882. 
Sir:  1  have  the  honor  .to  submit  the  report  of  the  business  opera- 
tions of  this  office  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1882. 

My  annual  report  to  the  Postm'Uster-Geiieral  exhibits  in  detail  the 
financial  trausa€tions  of  the  Post  Office  Department  during-  the  last 

fiscal  year. 

******* 

The  increase  in  the  business  of  this  office  diirinj,^  the  past  year  has 
been  very  great,  not  only  by  the  addition  of  new  post-offices,  but  by  the 
growth  in  the  business  of  those  already  existing,  and  in  both  the  postal 
and  money  order  branches.  There  has  also  been  a  great  increase  in 
the  number  of  new  mail-routes,  and  of  changes  in  old  routes,  owing  to 
our  extended  railroad  system.  This  rapid  growth  and  increase  of  busi- 
ness has  brought  with  it  augmented  revenues,  which  has  not  only  made 
the  post-office  system  self-sustaining,  but  has  carried  more  than  a  mill- 
ion and  a  half  dollars  into  the  Treasury  the  past  year,  instead  of  taking 
millions  out,  as  heretofore.  The  present  year  will  greatly  swell  this  net " 
surplus  to  be  carried  into  the  Treasury. 

This  increase  of  business,  with  the  added  work  from  the  removals  and 
change  of  quarters  during  the  year  has  kept  the  office  short-handed, 
notwithstanding  the  addition  to  the  clerical  force  last  year^  and  the 
faithful  and  diligent  labors  of  the  clerks,  a  large  portion  of  whom  have 
worked  more  than  the  established  office  hours  to  keep  up  their  work, 
and  more  than  justifies  the  required  increase  of  force  for  the  coming 
year. 

In  closing  this  report,  I  desire  to  call  your  attention  to  the  tenure  by 
which  the  Sixth  Auditor's  Office  occupies  rooms  in  the  post-office  build- 
ing, and  the  building  rented  for  money-order  business.  Since  the  erec- 
tion of  the  Post-Office  Building  it  has  been  jointly  occupied  by  the  Post- 
Office  Department  and  the  Sixth  Auditor's  Office ;  and  no  law,  so  far 
as  I  am  aware,  gives  control  of  the  building  to  either  party.  When 
Congress  was  asked,  in  1863,  to  put  the  control  of  the  building  in  the 
hands  of  the  Postmaster-General,  it  refused  or  neglected  to  do  so.  The 
question  of  control  now  arises  from  the  incapacity  of  the  building  to 
afford  room  for  the  ti^nsaction  of  post-office  business  and  the  auditing 
of  post-office  accounts.  The  number  of  employes  occupying  these  build- 
ings is  in  the  proportion  of  six  and  a  third  to  the  Treasury  Department, 
and  ten  to  the  Post-Office  Department.  When  the  money-order  busi- 
ness was  removed  from  the  Post-Ofifice  Building,  by  order  of  the  Post- 
master-General, to  the  new  quarters  rented  for  its  use,  twelve  rooms  on 
the  first  floor  of  the  Post-Office  Building,  which  were  still  occupied  by 
Treasury  clerks  (as  they  had  been  for  twenty  or  more  years),  were  de- 
sired by  the  Post-Office  Department,  and  the  Sixth  Auditor  was  ordered 
by  the  Postmaster-General  to  vacate  these  rooms  and  go  to  others  upon 
the  third  floor.  He  protested  against  the  removal  on  account  of  the 
great  inconvenience  it  would  occasion  for  the  transaction  of  the  busi- 
ness of  his  office,  and  besides  suggested  the  inequitable  assignment 
which  had  been  made,  and  the  absence  of  any  law  which  authorized 
one  Department  of  the  Government  to  remove  at  its  pleasure  the  em- 
ployes of  another  Department  from  quarters  which  had  been  occupied 
by  them  from  the  erection  of  the  Post-Office  Building,  or  changed  by 
joint  consent,  all  of  which  was  unheeded. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     281 

It  is  mauilestly  riglit  -and  proper  that  the  Post-Office  Department 
Khould  have  all  the  room  Mhich  it  needs  for  the  perfornmnce  of  its  busi- 
ness and  the  fall  custody  and  control  of  it ;  and  it  has  no  more  than  it 
needs.  It  is  also  equally  right  and  proper  if  a  bureau  of  the  Treasury 
Department  is  to  occupy  a  part  of  the  Post-Ottice  Building-  that  it  should 
have  some  rights  to  the  space  occupied,  and  not  be  subject  to  removal 
at  the  jjleasure  of  another  I)ei)artmeut,  or  dependent  upon  it  for  its  sup- 
plies and  repairs.  The  employes  of  the  Treasury  Department  still  re- 
maining in  the  Post-Ollice  liuilding  are  two-iifths  as  many  as  are  em- 
ployed by  the  Post-Office  Dci)artment.  In  the  new  Upiidiug  rented  for 
money-order  business  nearly  three-fourths  of  the  employes  belong  to  the 
Treasury  Department,  yet  it  is  claimed  that  they  are  dependent  upon 
the  Post-Office  Department  for  their  quarters,  sui)j)lies,  and  repairs. 

For  these  reasons  I  suggest  that  the  tenure  by  which  this  bureau  of 
the  Treasury  Department  holds  its  quarters  be  established  by  law. 
I  am,  sir,  verv  respectfully, 

J.  H.  ELA, 

Auditor, 

Hon.  C.  J.  FOLGEE, 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 


REPOET  OF  THE  TREASURER  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

Treasury  of  the  United  States, 

Washington,  D.  C,  NovemJjer  1,  1882. 
Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  a  report  showing  the  operations  of 
the  Treasurv  of  the  United  States  for  the  fiscal  year  1882,  and  its  con- 
dition on  June  30, 1882. 

SU:\UVIARY   OF   OPERATIONS. 

The  receipts  of  the  government  show  an  increase  over  those  of  1881 
of  $22,251,054.23  in  the  revenue  from  customs;  811,233,209.94  from  in- 
ternal revenue;  82,551,277.20  from  sales  of  public  lands,  and  $6,707,- 
410.34  from  miscellaneous  sources,  making  a  total  increase  in  the  net 
revenue  of  $42,742,957.71.  The  total  net  revenue  was  8403,525,250.28. 
The  net  expenditures  decreased  from  8200,712,887.59  to  $257,981,440.20, 
a  reduction  of  82,731,447.39,  which,  added  to  the  increase  in  rectipts, 
makes  an  increase  of  845,474,405.10  in  the  surplus  revenues  applicable 
to  the  reduction  of  the  ])ublic  debt.  The  exi)enditures  on  account  of 
interest  on  the  public  debt  show  a  reduction  of  $11,431,534.39,  from 
$82,508,741.18,  in  1881,  to  871,077,200.79,  in  1882.  The  excess  of  rev- 
enues over  ex])enditnres  was  8145,543,810.08,  and  the  amount  applied 
to  the  reduction  of  the  debt  $10(1,281,505.55. 

Tiie  amount  standing  on  the  books  of  the  Treasury  to  the  credit  of 
disbursing  officers  of  the  United  States  at  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year 
was  $30,007,872.48. 

The  receii)ts  for  the  fiscal  year  on  account  of  the  Poat-Oflice  Depart- 
ment were  $41,308,002.30,  and  the  ex])enditures  839,205,299.43.  Of  these 
amounts  $20,211,991.78,  or  about  one-half,  was  received  and  expended 
directly  by  ])ostmasters,  without  being  deposited  in  the  Treasury. 

The  unavadable  funds  of  the  Treasury  decreased  from  829,521, <»;32,72 
to  $29,517,275.32  by  reason  of  the  collection  of  $4,357.40  of  the  88,750.31 
heretofore  reported  as  unavailable  in  the  sub-ti"easiirv  in  New  York  on 


'282 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 


accomit  of  coniitcrroit  7.30  notes  redeemed  in  18G7.  Tlie  unavailable 
funds  of  tlie  PostOnice  Deparlnienfc  remain  uiicliani^ed  at  $40,078.00. 

The  amount  eollected  fi-om  national  l)ajdis  f)n  account  of  nemi -annual 
duty  a(',(',r(iiii.j;'  on  their  ca[)ital,  (lirculation,  and  deposits  durinj]^  the  year 
was  $i>,ir)0,(>84.35.  The  total  amount  collected  on  this  account  since 
the  bej;inninji^  of  the  national  bankinfij  system  is  $1.18,005,700.25. 

There  were  in  the  custody  of  this  otHce  at  the  close  of  the  tiscal  year 
$.'}70,Oi7,700in  United  States  bonds  held  in  trust  for  national  banks,  of 
which  $;iOO,71il2,700  were  held  as  security  for  circulation  and  $15,925,000 
to  secure  de])osits  of  public  money  Avith  national-bank:  depositaries. 
During-  the  year  $129,474,400  in  bonds  were  deposited  for  these  pur- 
poses and  $128,028,100  withdrawn. 

The  amount  of  United  States  currency  outstanding'  at  the  close  of 
the  year  was  $362,404,582.10.  There  was  redeemed  during  the  year 
$105,773,700.05  in  United  States  cuiTcucy,  silver  certihcates,  and  notes 
of  failed,  liquidating,  and  reducing  national  banks,  making  the  total 
redemptions  since  the  first  issue  of  currency  $2,405,914,779.41. 

The  issues  of  silver  certificates  during  the  year  %vere  $24,300,000  and 
the  redemptions  $20,133,290,  leaving  the  amount  nominally  outstanding 
at  the  close  of  the  j^ear  $60,090,710. 

There  were  paid  during  the  j^ear  at  the  various  offices  of  the  Treasury 
and  forwarded  to  the  Treasurer's  office  for  examination  coupons  from 
United  States  bonds  amounting  to  $11,088,609.02,  and  there  were  issued 
by  the  Treasurer  321,623  checks  on  the  Treasurer  and  assistant  treas- 
urers of  the  United  States,  amounting  to  $57,547,821.20,  in  payment  of 
interest  on  registered  bonds. 

There  were  also  issued  32,550  drafts  on  warrants  of  the  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury,  38,853  drafts  on  warrants  of  the  Postmaster-General,  and 
49,089  transfer  checks  on  assistant  treasurers,  making  a  total  of 
442,115  drafts  and  checks  issued  from  this  office  during  the  year. 

United  States  bonds  were  redeemed  during  the  year  to  the  amount  of 
$166,204,450,  of  which  $60,079,100  was  applied  to  the  sinking  fund. 
The  total  amount  of  bonds  retired  by  purchase,  redemption,  conversion, 
or  exchange  from  March  11,  1869,  to  June  30,  1882,  is  $2,149,549,250. 

National-bank  notes  amounting  to  $76,089,327  were  redeemed  during 
the  year,  making  the  total  redemptions  of  these  notes,  uuder^he  act  of 
June  20,  1874,  $1,175,735,322. 


THE  STATE   OF  THE  TREASTJE.Y. 

The  following  statement  shows  the  condition  of  the  Treasury  at  the 
close  of  September  in  each  of  the  last  four  years : 


September  30, 
1S79. 


September  30, 
1880. 


Gold  Coin $133, 

Gold  Bulliou i     3t), 


Staudaril  Silver  Dollars 

Practioiial  Silver  Coin 

Silver  Uiillion 

Gold  Certiticatis ., 

Silver  Uprtilieutes 

United  States  Xotes 

NatioiKiMiank  Xutes 

Nationair.auk  Cold-Notes 

Fractioual  Ciirniicy 

Deposits  hold  by  Xational-Bauk  De- 
positaries  

IMLuor  Coin .., 


530, 

'290, 
8Ufi, 
873, 
299, 
70, 
131, 
7te, 
'J79, 
I8:t, 

9(1, 

,830, 
.024, 


700  39 

810  90 
774  00 
898  47 
124  25 
700  00 
130  00 
728  01 
958  76 
(i40  00 
978  15 

81C  48 
700  57 


$08,  808,  091 
094 
744 
892 
392 
600 
579 
594 
404 
125 

ri2 


784,'; 

723,  ( 
154,; 

31, 
092,: 
901,  i 
288, 
220,: 

CO," 


$77. 
97, 
Go, 
20, 


11,212,315  94 
1,  063,  CC5  22 


338,  083  71 

45.3,  477  70 

949,  279  00 

343,  477  17 

622,  676  18 

10,  100  00 

309,470  00 

422,  169  89 

457,  713  59 

98,  .545  00 

22,973  03 


12,  677, 454  48 
55k.',  585  06 


$102,  212.  334  49 

50,  fc:}5,  029  63 

92,  025,  350  00 

27, 429,  246  56 

3,641,589  37 


8, 243, 830  00 

32,  918,  255  77 

6,  810,  338  08 

480  00 

8, 459  52 

12, 848.  870  74 
504,  515  29 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


283 


Kew  York  and  San  Fraucinco  Ex- 
change     

One  and  Two  Tear  Xotes,  &c 

Kfdei-nnd  Ceititii-alcs  of  Deposit 
(Act  of  Juno  8,  1872) 

Quai-tirly  Interest  Checks  and  Coin 
Coupons  ))aid 

Refiiitiered  and  Unclaimed  Interest 
paid 

"Duited  States  Bonds  and  Interest  ... 

Interest  on  District  of  Columbia 
Bonds 

Refunding  Certificates  and  Interest.. 

Paciflc  Kiiilroa<ls,  Sinking  Fund 

Speaker's  Certiiicatea 

Deficits,  unavailable  Funds 


Total . 


LIABILITIES. 


Post-Office  Department  Account 

Disbursing  OHieers'  1'  l.iuoea 

Fund  for  redcniption  of  ^.'otes  of  Xa- 
tional  lianks  tailed,  in  liquidation, 
and  reduciu';  circulation 

Uudistributcil  Assets  of  failed  X.i- 
tional  Banks 

Five  per  cent.  Fund  for  Redemption 
of  NatioiiaM5auk  Notes 

Fund  for  Kediuiption  of  National- 
Bank  Gul.l-Kotes 

Currency  and  Minor-Coin  Redemp- 
tion A  ccouut 

Fraction:.!  Silver-Coin  Redemption 
ANjcount 

Interest  Account 

Intfrest  Account,  Pacific  Railroads 
and  Louisville  and  Portland  Canal 
Company 

Treasurer' United  States,  Agent  for 
paying  Interest  on  District  of  Co- 
lumbia Bonds '. 

Trea.-^nrer's  Transfer  Checks  and 
Drafts  outstanding 

Treasurer's  Gener.il  Aoeonnt: 

Interest  (]ut}  and  unpaid 

ifaturcd  Bunds  and  luteiest 

Called  Bonds  and  Interest 

Old  Debt 

Gold  Certilieatcs 

Silver  Certilieatcs 

Cert  i  ti  <-ates  of  Deposit  ( A  ct  of  June 

8,1872) 

Balance,  including  Bullion  Fund  . . 


Total , 


September  30, 
1879. 


$1, 709,  334  61 
4U0  40 

2,  025, 000  00 

180,  579  78 

22,  355  00 
507  64 

516  97 
24. 119  74 
45, 312  75 


COO,  848  30 


September  30, 

1880. 


September  30, 
1881. 


$1, 443,  000  00 
325  50 

90,  000  00 

141,  517  91 

10,303  50 
997,  343  81 

3,  047  12 


126,315  00 
C90,  848  30 


,  483,  000  00 
10  50 

210,  000  00 

193,452  68 

900  00 
,  016,  870  70 

1,  770  25 


116,916  00 
70O,  274  17 


Septenilu  r  30, 
lt>82. 


,  300,  000  00 
1, 127  .52 

240, 000  00 

16C,  361  31 

2,610  00 
,527,2:M  51 

2,002  83 


138.841  00 
695,  910  77 


303, 485,  995  07  267,  670,  Ol'i  40  |  331,  981, 210  11   316,  552,  990  39 


$2, 167,  991  50  I  $2,  600, 489  16 
26,  007,  876  95  j  22, 189,  236  49 


12,  939,  889  75 
642,  314  33 

15,  082,  482  99 

219,  940  00 

4,213  15 

152,  664  10 
101,  514  75 

6,  270  00 

298,  435  54 
7,  632,  333  98 
4, 189,  523  27 


Sl.O.T!,  519  65 

K4U,  (108  41 

14,  910,  HdO  00 

4,  571,  850  00 


19, 746,  955  25 
C16,  560  21 

15, 428,  010  82 

475,  965  00 

3, 075  60 

74,  081  75 
99,  585  00 

8, 400  00 

366,  532  59 
4,  216,  845  94 
2  401,  809  92 


$3,  617,  7.03  79 
21,  916, 110  81 


31, 152, 713  60 

399,  835  68 

15,  7C8,  662  75 

394, 847  00 

7, 176  11 

75, 320  70 


5,  959,  436  43 

816,  585  07 

7,511,700  00 

18,  521,  960  00 


31,  335, 000  00  I   9,  975,  000  00 
151,348,000  70  I  l.".«,  004,  083  17 


4,  930  00 


253,  795  34 

5,475,492  11 

2,151,139  93 

3,  004,  205  94 

17,8:12,841  34 

796,488  28 

5,  248,  920  00 

64, 149, 910  00 

8, 305,  000  00 
151,336,110  73 


^0, 157,  625  .54 
J7,  756,  493  83 


38, 507,  029  10 

867,  276  57 

15,  085, 182  67 

344,  729  00 

4,118  05 

03,  910  45 


6, 080  00 

244, 671  50 

8,  337,  984  52 

1,  537,  684  01 

793.  690  50 

14,887.218  49 

793.  740  37 

4,  907  440  00 

71,  509,  210  1)0 

10.  725.  000  00 
143.  904.  8tf3  79 


303,  485,  995  07  207,  CTG,  912  40  331,  981,  210  U  j  340, 552.  9ao  39 


The  most  iiotowortby  cliaiig'e  in  the  hist  year  is  tlie  decre.ise  of  tbo 
gold  coin  and  bullion,  held  by  the  Treiisury,  liom  $17G,791,r>t;{;.41  to 
$153,047,904.12,  and  the  increase  of  the  standard  silver  dollars  from 
$G5,949,27<)  to  $92,025,350;  a  decrease  in  the  gold  of  $23,743,002.29,  and 
an  increase  in  the  silver  dollars  of  $2(5,070,071.  Deducting  the  amount 
held  f(tr  the  re<UMii]>tion  of  gohl  certilicates,  the  gold  belonging  to  the 
government  in  1  he 'J'lVHHury  on  the  30th  of  Sei>tember  was  $154,987,371.29 
in  1879;  $128,100,0S5.77  in  1880:  $109,.552,740.41  in  1881,  and  $148,- 
140,524.12  in  1882.  2^'ot\vithslanding  the  dcerea.se  iu  the  last  year,  the 
gold  owned  by  the  government  is  in'arly  $20,000,000  more  than  two 
years  ago,  the  amount  held  la.'^t  year  having  been  swelled  by  the  deposit 
of  gold  coin  for  e.xchange  on  the  West  and  South. 

Deducting  in  like  manner  the  silver  certificates  actually  outstanding, 
the  standard  silver  dollars  owned  by  the  government  were  $30,360,054 


284  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 

oil  S(']»teinbe.r;50, 1879;  $35,355,303  on  the  same  date  in  1880;  $13,108,831) 
in  188],  and  $28,090,070  in  1882. 

Tlic  fund  for  the  redemption  of  notes  of  national  banks  wliieh  have 
fiiilod,  <;one  into  voluntary  liquidation,  or  made  deposits  of  lawful 
nioncv  for  the  reduction  of  their  eireulation,  increased  during  the  year 
frojii '$31,152^713.00  to  $38,507,029.10;  the  silver  cei'tificates  Jictually 
outstanding",  after  di^ducting  the  amount  held  by  the  Treasury,  from 
$52,840,440  to  $03,325,380;  the  United  States  notes  on  hand,  from 
$28,422,170  to  $32,918,250,  and  the  fractional  silver  coin  held,  from 
$20,343,477.17  to  $27,429,240.50.  The  aggregate  amount  of  gold  and 
silver  coin  and  bullion  held  by  the  Treasury  increased  from  $209,700,- 
998.70  in  1881  to  $270,144,150.05  in  1882.  The  amount  now  held  is 
$53,330,782.04  greater  than  that  held  in  1879,  and  $01,840,934.07  greater 
than  in  1880.  The  gross  assets  of  the  Treasury  increased  during  the 
year  from  $331,981,210.11  to  $340,552,990.39,  although  the  balance  re- 
maining after  deducting  the  moneys  held  for  the  redemption  of  gold, 
silver  and  currency  certificates,  and  for  the  payment  of  matured  debt  and 
interest,  and  the  amount  to  the  credit  of  special  or  trust  funds,  ran  down 
from  $151,330,110.73  to  $143,904,893.79. 

THE  RESERVE. 

The  following  statement  shows  the  excess  of  the  cash  assets  of  the 
government  over  its  net  demand  liabilities  on  the  first  day  of  No- 
vember: 

ASSETS. 

Gold  Coin $108,888,963  44 

GoldBullion 50,916,780  10 

Standard  Silver  Dollars 92,414,977  00 

Fractional  Silver  Coin 26,749,432  45 

Silver  Bullidn 4,012,503  27 

Deposits  with  National  Bank  Depositaries 8,738,523  16 

United  States  Notes 29.689,196  17 

National  Bank  Notes 6,370,051  58 

Total  assets $327,780,427  17 

LIABILITIES. 

Old  Debt $792,012  27 

Called  Bonds  matni-ed,  and  interest 9,661,510  16 

Matured  Bonds  and  interest 786, 524  00 

Interest  due  and  not  paid t 5,255, 170  24 

Gold  Certificates  outstanding 11,370,270  00 

Silver  Certificates  outstanding 65, 620, 450  00 

Certificates  of  Deposit  (Act  of  June  8,    1872),   out- 
standing  , 9,835,000  00 

Disbursing    Officers'    Balances    and  various    small 

accounts 24,203,117  05 

Outstanding  Drafts  and  Checks 5, 635, 232  31 

Five  per  cent.   Fund  for  Redemption  of  National 

Bank  Notes 14,471,298  01 

Fund  for  Redemption  of  Notes  of  National  Banks 

failed,  in  liquidation,  and  reducing  circulation  ...  38, 169,253  10 

Post-Olfice  Department  Account 6, 823, 901  04 

Total  Liabilities 192,628,738  18 

Reserve — Excess  of  Assets 135, 151,688  99 

The  above  liabilities  are  the  net  liabilities  after  deducting  the  re- 
deemed or  unissued  obligations  of  the  various  classes  held  by  the 
Treasury. 

The  reserve  is  computed  by  deducting  fi-om  the  cash  in  the  Treasury 
the  aggregate  of  the  current  liabilities  other  than  United  States  notes. 
The  remainder  of  $135,151,088.99  is  considered  to  be  the  reserve  avail- 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


285 


able  for  the  ledeiiiplioii  of  United  States  notes.  In  other  words,  if  all 
of  the  liabilities  of  the  governiuent  payable  on  demand  should  be  at  once 
discharged,  if  the  entire  amount  advanced  from  the  Treasury  and  placed 
to  the  credit  of  disbursing  ollicers  of  the  government  should  be  dniM'u 
out,  if  the  funds  deposited  for  the  redemption  of  national  bank  notes 
should  be  immediately  called  for,  and  if  that  portion  of  the  iinblic  funds 
held  for  the  Post  Oflice  I)e])artment  should  be  set  aside,  there  would 
still  remain  $135,151,088.90  in  cash  to  meet  any  demand  for  the  redemp- 
tion of  United  States  notes.  The  reserve  has  ai)[)arently  run  down 
$11,291,802.78  since  October  1,  1881.  This  reduction  is  accounted  for 
by  the  fact  that  by  diiectiou  of  the  Secretary  payment  has  been  antici- 
pated on  $12,003,714.72  in  called  bonds,  not  j'et  matured. 

The  following  statement  shows  the  percentage  of  reserve  when  com- 
puted on  tJiis  plan,  and  what  the  percentage  would  be  if  suflicient  funds 
were  set  aside  for  the  payment  in  full  of  the  gold,  silver,  and  currency 
certificates,  and  the  remainder  of  the  cash  were  considered  as  aj>ro  raia 
reserve  against  all  of  the  other  demand  liabilities  of  the  government: 


Month. 


1881. 


November. 
Deceinbor . 


1882. 


Jaunarv 

FoViniary 

Maicli 

Aj)ril 

Miiy 

Jiiiit* 

.luty 

August 

Sopteniher  .. 

October  

Jioveiiiber. .. 


Averajic  for  forty-seven 
niouthH 


Current liabili-    Cmrent  liabili- 


tieH  exclmliu; 
rnittci  States 
notes  and  coin 
and  currency 
certilicates. 


ties  e.vcludiug  Cash  lesslamount 


§^' 


eertiticatesaiid 
including  Uni- 
ted States 
note.s,  viz: 
$346,681,016. 


of  coin  and  cur- 
rency certifi- 
cates. 


$06,  016,  066  43     $442,  697,  082  43     $236, 823. 801  82 
94,  r,iS,  346  40  ;     441,  419,  362  40  j     2-tl,  230,  90d  55 


90,  284, 

94,  OSl, 
94, 999, 
9(1,  UJ2, 

95,  034, 
ins,  .'■luD, 
124,  45:!, 

i':'«,2o;!, 

111,4a 
IK,  253. 
105,803, 


466  33 
460  46 
102  39 
541  72 
460  98 
.527  05 
31  a  38 
031  56 
140  42 
484  -^2 
018  18 


44.5, 96,5, 

440,  762, 
441,fi.';o, 
442,  873, 

441,  715, 
455,231, 
471,131, 
472,944, 
458,  166, 
4(i2.  934, 
452,  484, 


482  33 
47fi  46 
118  39 
557  72 
485  98 
543  65 
335  2» 
047  56 
1.56  4J 
.500  22 
034  18 


05, 026,  093  46   441,  708,  000  46 


$235, 
233, 
24ti, 
242, 
235, 
24(), 
242, 
24'!, 
249, 
:::4.5, 
240, 


686,  783  59 
937,  107  01 
766,  777  48 
221,436  12 
9hH,  103  85 
,546,  604  93 
S-3,241  13 
469,  274  17 
7^3,  865  65 
352,  888  80 
954,707  17 


it 


If 


m  c  i; 
.2  a  a 


40.6 
42.2 


39.3 
40.3 
43.8 
42.1 
40.7 
39.8 
34.3 
.34.7 
39. 9 
37.  2 
39.0 


sa 


230,  358, 016  54 


30.0 


.53.5 
54.6 


53.  1 
55.9 
54.7 
53.4 
54.1 
51.  5 
.52.1 
54.5 
53.0 
53.3 


On  the  first  as.'^umpt.ion  tlie  reserve  for  the  redemption  of  United 
States  notes  has  ranged  during  the  last  thirteen  nu)ntlis  from  34.2  to 
4.3.8  per  cent.,  and  the  monthly  average  since  the  resumjitiou  of  specie 
payments  has  been  39  percent.  On  the  second  assumption  the  nitio 
of  the  n'.serve  to  the  liabilities  has  varied  <luring  the  thiiteen  months 
from  51,5  to  55.9  per  cent.,  and  has  averaged  since  resumption  52.1  per 
cent.  Were  the  40  per  cent,  reserve,  which  it  is  deeme<l  necessary  to 
maintain,  computed  on  the  latter  basis,  the  amount  now  held  would  bo 
$59.90 1,093..")0  in  excess  of  the  required  amount. 


286 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 


UNITED  STATES  NOTES. 


The  followinj^  strttemont  shows  the  changes  whicli  liave  taken  place 
in  the  denominations  of  United  States  notes  outstanding  at  the  close 
of  each  of  the  last  four  fiscal  years : 


Denomination. 


1879. 


1880. 


188L 


1882. 


One  dollar 

Two  dollars 

Tive  dollars 

Ton  dollars 

Twenty  dollars 

P'ifty  dollars 

Onehimdred  dollars  . . . 
Five  liuudred  dollars  .. 
One  thoueaiid  dolLira  .. 
Five  thousand  dollars.. 
Ton  thousand  dollars  .. 


Total 

Less  luikuown  denominations  de- 
stroyed in  sulj-treasury  in  Chicago 
lire 


Out-standing . 


$18,209, 
18,092, 
54,  107, 
64,  t;:!K, 
60,  470, 
25,  .52:1, 
32,  038, 
32,  500, 
35,  070, 
4,  000, 
2,  9G0, 


980  80 
653  20 
113  00 
502  00 

8K7  00 
340  00 
480  00 
.'■)00  00 
500  00 
000  00 
000  00 


$20,  332, 
20,  352, 
65,  432, 
74,  916, 
72, 143, 
24,  808, 
32,  797, 
19,  221, 
16,  532, 
680, 
400, 


332  00 
813  00 
548  00 
751  00 

207  00 
995  00 
870  00 
COO  00 
50U  00 
000  00 
000  00 


$22,  645, 
22,  244, 
60,  569, 
76,  990, 
72,  271, 
23, 702, 
32,  947, 
14,  570, 
12,  024, 
455, 
2(50, 


761  60 
122  40 
078  00 
387  00 
597  00 
910  00 
060  00 
000  00 
500  00 
000  00 
000  00 


l!25, 720, 
24, 022, 
07,  .342, 
72,  784, 
68,  657, 
24,  191, 
34, 469, 
14,  876, 
12, 335, 
420, 
2,  260, 


9.53  60 
625  40 
540  00 
7fi0  00 
471  00 
770  00 
390  00 
000  00 
500  00 
ODO  00 
000  00 


347,  081,  016  00 


1,  000,  000  00 


346,  681,  016  00 


347,  681,  016  00 


1,  000,  000  00 


347,681,016  00 


1,  000, 000  00 


347,  C81,  010  00 


1, 000,  000  00 


346,  681,  016  00 


346,  681,  016  00 


346,  681,  016  00 


During  the  year  there  was  an  increase  of  $3,075,192  in  the  one-dollar 
notes  outstanding;  $2,378,503  in  two-dollar  notes;  $488,800  in  fifty- 
dollar  notes ;  $1,521,730  in  one-hundred-dollar  notes ;  $300,000  in  five- 
hundred-dollar  notes;  $311,000  in  one-thousand-dollar  notes,  and 
$2,000,000  in  ten-thousand-dollar  notes;  and  a  decrease  of  $2,226,538 
in  five-dollar  notes ;  $4,205,621  in  ten-dollar  fiotes;  $3,614,126  in  twenty- 
dollar  notes,  and  $35,000  in  five-thousand-dollar  notes. 

The  number  of  notes  outstanding  at  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year  was 
63,083,047  as  against  59,839,069  outstanding  on  June  30,  1881.  The 
amount  of  ones  and  twos  outstanding  has  increased  $14,040,945  in  three 
years. 

The  issues  and  redemptions  during  the  last  three  fiscal  years  have 
been  as  follows : 


1880. 

1881.- 

1882. 

Issued. 

Redeemed. 

Issued. 

Eedeemed. 

Issued. 

Eedeemed. 

$9,  057,  863 
8,  232, 000 
19,  680,  000 

16,  520,  000 

17,  360,  000 
1, 400, 000 
3,  052,  700 
2,  300,  000 

700,  000 

1,  000,  000 

2,  000,  000 

$6,  935,  511  80 

5,  971,  840  20 
8,  354,  565  00 

6,  241,  811  00 
5,  687,  680  00 
2, 114,  345  00 
2,  293,  310  00 

15,  645,  500  00 
19, 238,  000  00 
4,  320,  000  00 
4,  500, 000  00 

$9,  889,  034 

$7.  575.  604  40 

1 
$11,  445,  524  $8.  370,  332  00 

Two  dollars 

8, 752,  000  1  0,  860,  690  60 
14,  760,  000  llO.  6-23.  470  00 

10, 472,  000 
14,  280,  000 
6,  680,  000 
5,  680,  000 
3, 200,  000 
4,  527,  900 
1, 750,  000 
1,  500,  000 
4.  995.  000 

8,  093, 497  00 
16,506,538  00 

9,160,000 
6,  240,  000 
1, 200,  000 
2,  944,  300 
700,  000 
900, 000 

7,  086,  364  00 
6,111,610  00 
2,  306, 085  00 
2,704,510  00 
5,  354,  000  00 
5, 408,  000  00 
225,  000  00 

10, 885,  621  00 

Twenty  dollars 

Fifty  dollars 

Onehimdred  dollars  ... 
Five  hundred  dollars  .. 
One  thou.sand  dollars  .. 
rive  thousand  dollars.. 
Ten  thousand  dollars  . . 

9, 294, 126  00 
2,711,140  00 
3,  006, 170  00 
1,444,000  00 
1,189,000  00 
5.  030.  000  00 

200,  000  00     14,  990,  000  |l2.  990,  000  00 

Total 

81, 302,  563 

81,  302,  563  00 

54, 545,  334  ^5^1,  545,  334  00  i  79,  520, 424   79,  520, 424  00 

1                           1                       1 

Under  the  provision  for  the  payment  of  the  express  charges  on  worn 
and  mutdated  United  States  notes,  the  redemptions  have  much  increased, 
the  amount  redeemed  during  the  fiscal  year  being  $79,520,424  as  against 
$54,545,334  redeemed  in  1881.  The  number  of  notes  redeemed  increased 
from  14,235,106  to  17,362,320.  The  notes  of  the  denominations  of  $5,000 
and  $10,000  reported  as  issued  and  redeemed  during  the  year  had  been 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETAKV  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


287 


held  in  the  reserve  liuid  of  unissued  notes,  and  were  passed  through  the 
accounts  in  order  that  they  nuj^ht  be  destroyed. 

The  amount  of  United  States  notes  received  iu  payment  of  duties  on 
imports  duriiij;-  tlie  year  just  ended  is  $24,0."i(),570  as  against  $H),07y,753 
in  the  year  ending  October  31,  liiSl.  1'he  total  amount  so  received 
since  the  resumi)tiou  of  specie  payments  is  8180,053,030,  an  average  of 
$4,0-11,050  a  month. 

The  monthly  receii)ts  since  January  1,  1879,  have  been  as  follows: 


Montli. 


1880. 


January  

J-Vliruaiy 

March 

April # 

Jlay 

Jiiue , 

July 

August 

Sept  omhcr 

October 

■Novpm  ber 

December 


$<;,  864, 
9,  340, 
11,919, 
10,  56-', 

9,  7o;i, 

9,  XiC), 
10,  5f<8, 
11,261, 
12,  50G, 

9,  2K1, 

4,  61'.'. 

3,  051, 


120, 450 
477,  101 
702,  727 
231,697 
888, 138 
951,  5HS 
029,  892 
844,  658 
241,  305 
802,  28S 
567, 184 
405,  984 


1881. 


$1,  6o9, 
2,  049, 
1,  830, 
1,310, 
1,  402, 
3,479, 
1,641, 
1,  873, 
1,476, 
1,  353, 
l,3Al. 
1, 145, 


1882. 


779,  3.3B 

886,  .".85 
931,  273 
032,  .592 
089,  339 
045,  150 
619,015 
732,  499 
599,  294 
448,  314 


CLEARING-HOUSE  TRANSACTIONS. 

The  transactions  of  the  Treasury  with  the  clearing-house  in  Is'ew  York, 
for  the  last  thirteen  months,  are  shown  by  the  following  statement : 


Date. 


I  Checks  sent  to 
I  clearing-house. 


Checks  received 
froiu  cleariug- 
house. 


Balances  duo  as- 
sistant treasurer. 


Balances  due 
clearing-house. 


October... 
Noveiiilior 
December. 


1881. 


January  ... 
February  . . 

March 

April 

May 

fl  IIIIO.  ...... 

July 

August .... 
September . 
October 


1882. 


Total . 


$10,518,934  57 
10,003.041  31 
10,  672,  260  43 


$41,322,740  16 
19,1,58,872  98 
31,  855,  546  95 


9, 120, 
8,  823, 

7,  791, 

8,  207, 
11,068, 
11,42.5, 
11,  .587, 

11,  989, 

12,  521, 
11,753, 


253  39 
267  09 
364  59 
533  89 
685  62 
8-J9  30 
438  74 
235  62 
Oil  04 
823  68 


135,  482,  679  27 


383,060,211  13 


05, 283  56 


61,  914  23 


29,  549  90 
496,712  66 

51,  847  90 
III,  659  85 
146.  102  .53 
623,  006  36 


2, 120, 076  99 


$30, 803,  805  59 

9,761,115  23 

21, 183, 286  52 

22,  762,  573  42 
7,-551,858  06 
22,  912,  4i>4  43 
25,178,708  31 
13.  837,  976  26 
19,  050,  .552  5Q 
21.16.5,419  54 
18,  506,  781  55 
18.361,163  11 
18, 627,  904  24 


249, 703,  608  85 


The  assistant  treasurer  received  from  the  clearing-house  checks  for 
payment  amounting  to  $383,000,211.13  and  82,11*0,070.00  in  cash  in  pay- 
ment of  balances  in  his  favor,  and  sent  to  the  clearing-house  checks  for 
payment  amcmnting  to  $135,482,070.27  and  $2-10,703, ()0.S.85  in  cash  in 
payment  of  balances  against  him,  making  the  aggregate  transactions 
on  each  side  $385,180,288.12. 

STANDARD   SILVER  DOLLARS. 


The  amount  of  standard  silver  dollars  coined  from  February  28, 1S78, 
the  date  of  the  act  requiring  their  coinage,  to  Octol)er  31,  1SS2,  is 
$128,329,S80,ofwhich$03,000,382remains  in  the  Treasury  and$35,323,408, 


288 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 


or  about  27^  percent.,  is  in  circulation.  The  proportion  of  the  total  coiii- 
a^*c  iu  circulation  ou  September  30, 1881,  was  neaily  33  i)er  cent.  Of  the 
$30,007,175  coined  during?  the  last  thirteen  months,  §2,950,072  has  gone 
into  circulation  and  $27,057,103  remains  in  the  Treasury.  During'  seven 
months  of  that  period  tlie  dollars  returned  to  the  Treasury  exceede«l  in 
amount  those  issued,  the  number  in  circulation  running  down  from 
34,050,123  on  December  31,  1881,  to  31,500,755  on  July  31,  1.S82. 

The  following  table  gives  the  amount  of  silver  dollars  coined,  on  hand, 
distributed,  and  outstanding  to  September  30  iu  each  year  since  the 
coinage  was  resumed : 


Year. 

Annual  coin- 
age. 

Total  coin- 

*ige. 

On  liand  at 
cloaoofyear. 

Not  distribu- 
tion (furing 
year. 

Outstanding 
at  clone  of 
year. 

March  to  September  30, 1878. .. 

To  September  30, 1879 

To  September  30, 18S0 

To  Sei)U>ml)er  30, 1881 

To  Septciliber  30, 1882 

$16,  212, 500 

26,  421, 600 

27,  934,  650 
27,  753,  955 
27,  707, 175 

$16, 212,  .500 
42,  634, 100 
70,  568,  7.50 
98,  322, 705 

126,  «29,  880 

$12, 155,  205 
31,806,774 
47, 784, 744 
65,  949,  279 
92,  468,  038 

$4,  057, 295 
6,  770,  031 

11,  956,  GHO 
9,  589,  420 
1, 188,  416 

$4,  057,  295 
10,  827,  320 
22,  784,  DOG 
32,373,426 
33,  561,  842 

The  coinage  and  distribution  of  silver  dollars  during  each  of  the  last 
thirteen  months  are  shown  below : 


Month. 


Coined  to  the  On  hand  at  Xetdistribu-  Outstandinfr 
end  of  the  close  of  tion  duriug  at  close  of 
month.  month.  month.  mouth. 


1881. 

Oetober 

November 

December 

1882 

Junuarv 

February 

IM.'irch  

April 

May  

.June 

July 

August 

September 

October 


$2,350,000 
2,  30(1,  (HiO 
2, 408,  275 


2,  300,  000 
2,  300,  200 
2,  300,  500 
2,  300,  000 
2, 262,  000 
2:301,100 
2, 160,  000 
2,  425,  000 
2,  300,  100 
2,  300,  000 


$100,  672,  705 
102.  972,  705 
105, 3ti0,  980 


107,  680,  980 
109,  981, 180 
112,  281,  880 
114,  581, 680 
116,  843i  680 
119,  144,  780 
121,  304,  780 
123,  729,  780 
126,  029,  880 
128,  329,  880 


$67,  299,  481 
68,620,414  1 

70,430,857  t 


73, 


G.>4 
417 


$999,  798 
979,  (167 
597,  832 


427,  995 
1,  573,  092 
1,  761,  656 


$33,  373, 224 
34,  332,  291 
34,  950, 123 


326 
763 
860 
926 
-110 
598 
755 
750 
842 
498 


SILVER    CERTIFICATES. 


The  amount  of  silver  certificates  outstanding  increased  during  the 
fiscal  year  from  $51,10(;,.530  to  .*<3(5,(»0(],710.  This  increase  wiis  entirely 
in  certificates  of  the  denominations  of  ten  and  twenty  dollars.  The 
amount  nominally  outstanding  at  this  date  is  $73,007,710,  of  which 
$7,087,2(50  is  held  by  the  Treasury.  The  departmental  circular  of  Sep- 
tember 18,  1880,  authorizing  exchange  payable  in  these  certiticates  at 
the  sub-treasuries  in  the  West  and  §outhto  be  fuiiii.shed  for  deposits  of 
gold  coin  with  I  lie  assistant  treasurer  iu  Xew  York,  under  which  large 
amounts  of  silver  certificates  were  put  iu  circulatiun,  was  modified  fu 
^November,  1881,  by  reducing  the  amount  which  might  be  deposited  on 
this  accoimt  to  $25,000  a  day,  and  was  finally'  rescinded  October  15, 1882 


REPORT  OF  THi:  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


289 


The  issues  and  redemptions  of  silver  certificates  of  each  denominatiou 
<liuiug  tlie  fiscal  year  liave  beou  as  follows: 


Denomination. 


'I'en  dollars 

Twenty  dollars 

rifty  dollars 

One  hundred  dollars 

Five  bundled  dollavM 

One  thousaud  dollars 

Total 


Ontstand- 
iniiJune 
30, 1881. 


Issued. 


llcdeeinod. 


Dnrins  fis-  jTo  Juuo30,|  During  li.s-  |To  June  30,j 
cal  yeai-.  1882.  cal  year,   j       1882.       i 


Outstand- 
ing Juno 
30, 1882. 


i$20,3n7,  030   112,2-10,000  |$33, 11 1,000 

I  13,  itiL',  100  i    0,  (i-jo,  000  !  'j;,  ."iH(i,  (100 
'    :■;,•).■!],  tiiio  ,       4(111,011111    4.  n.'iii,  doo 

1     4,  U2!».  :!0l»  :         >iOI),  000  i     .1,  I4it,  (l(t(» 

:   1, 640, 500  ;      71X1,  (MM)  j   4,  ;!.■»,  ooo 

1     3,480,000]     1,120,  000      11, 0;iO,  000 


$3, 301,  mo 

2,241,800 
;">■*.",  O.'.O 
SdH,  6U0 
Oil'.  000 

1,718,000 


$3,  Rr,.<?,  280  I 
2,  f!2.->,  760 

7'JC.  4.'^^0  1 

1,119,300  I 

2,  i;i.'>,  500  j 

y,  13.*.  000  I 


$29,  245, 720 
24,  060,  240 

3,  2*>o,  55(i 

4,  020,  700 
1,734,500 
2.  8.VJ.  000 


51, 166,  530  I  24,  300,  000  I  80, 230,  000  '    9,  Mi).  820  I  20,  133,  290  I     66,  096, 710 


GOLD   CERTIFICATES. 

Of  the  old  issue  of  <:fold  certificates  uudev  the  act  of  March  o,  18G3, 
there  were  redeemed  during  the  fiscal  year  8745,800,  making  the  total 
redemptions  8970,007,700.40,  and  reducing  the  amount  outcitauding  to 
$5,037,120. 

Of  the  issue  authorized  by  the  act  of  July  12, 1882,  $138,000,000  have 
been  printed  for  issue  by  the  ixssistant  treasurer  of  the  United  States 
in  New  York.  Of  these  tiiere  have  been  issued  to  October  31,  .S21, 700,000, 
of  which  $14,827,720  are  held  in  the  cash  of  the  various  sub-treasuries, 
leaving  the  amount  actually  outstanding  $0,1H)2,280.  There  is  in  prep- 
aration a  separate  series  of  certificates  known  as  the  "Washington 
issue,"  to  be  issued  through  this  office  for  the  use  of  the  assistant  ti'eas- 
iirers  in  other  cities  than  JSTew  York. 

CLEARING-HOUSE  CERTIFICATES. 

During  the  fi^Ki-al  year  $16,910,000  in.  clearing-houvse  certificates  was 
issued  and  $15,105,000  redeemed,  leaving  the  amount  outstanding 
$13,360,000  as  compared  witli  $11,615,000 "outstanding  at  the  close  of 
the  last  fiscal  year.     The  amount  now  actually  oustanding  is  $0,835,000. 

The  following  table  shows  the  total  amount  issued  and  redeemed,  and 
the  amount  outstanding  at  the  close  of  each  fiscal  vear  from  1873  to 
1882: 


Fiscal  year. 


GutRtandingaq 
Total  amount  1  Total  amoimt  |      shown  by  the 
issued.         !      I'cdecined.      i      Treasurer'.i 
books. 


1873 $.'>7, 

1874 i  137, 

mr> I  219, 

1876 1  .■I(ll, 

1877 -MX. 

1878 1  4fi4, 

1879 '  .'..Vl, 

1880 1  601, 

1881 r,v>. 

1882 1  629, 

I 


240. 000 

$25, 

oo.i,  000 

78, 

0(10,  000 

irA), 

40(1,  000 

208, 

2K.'i,  000 

321, 

og:.,  ooo 

418 

730,  00(f 

r,^2^, 

in:<,  000 

.'".88, 

N.V),  000 

(101, 

760,  000 

616 

,  430,  000 
,  915, 000 
, 955, 000 
,  260, 000 
,  305, 000 
,  720,  000 
,  400,  000 
,060,000 
,  235, 000 
,  400, 000 


$31,810,000 
58,  990,  000 
69,  04.S,  00<) 
33, 140,  000 
53,  980,  OOO 
46,  24.''.,  000 
29,  330,  OOD 
13,  IL'.-.,  000 
11,  HI,''.,  0011 
13,  360,  000 


The  highest  amount  outstanding  at  the  close  of  any  fiscal  year  was 
$59,045,«.00,  on  June  30,  1875.     The  use  of  these  certificates  has  greatly 
declined  since  the  resumption  of  specie  jiayments. 
19  Ab 


290  PAFEKS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 

FRACTIONAL  SILVER  AND  MINOR  COIN. 

Dnrinft-  tlio  iisc.il  year  4,150  iJiickages  containing  .S3,367,7oJ.18  in 
fractional  silver  coin  were  forwarded  from  this  office,  at  the  expen.se  of 
the  f^overnnient  for  express  charges,  in  return  for  currency  redeemed 
or  for  deposits  of  lawful  money  in  the  Treasury. 

Under  the  a])propnation  of  $25,01)0  made  by  the  act  of  August  7, 
1882,  for  the  recoinage  of  uucurrent  silver  coins  in  the  Treasury, 
$383,273.00  in  uncurrent  silver  three-cent  and  five-cent  pieces,  $5,708.15 
in  foreign  silver  coins,  and  $021  in  standard  silver  dollars  were  recoined 
into  $303,821.31:  in  dimes,  at  a  net  loss  of  $25,871.77.  The  excess  of 
the  loss  over  the  $25,000  ap])ropriated  was  borne  fi'om  the  appropria- 
tion for  the  recoinage  of  gold  and  silver  coins. 

The  denominations  of  the  minor  coin  in  the  Treasury  on  September 
30,  1882,  were  as  follows : 

Five-contiiickol $71,200  45 

Three-cent  nickel 15.t.  'M6  B'-i 

Two-cent  bronze - 4,K{4  52 

One-cent  bronze,  nickel,  and  copper VJ'2,  l.'i'J  14 

Mixed 8U,  944  :j5 

504, 515  29 

The  supply  of  five-cent  nickel  coins  in  the  Treasury,  which  three 
years  ago  reached  the  sum  of  $1,181:,252.05,  was  exhausted  during  the 
year  and  their  coinaae  was  resumed  by  the  Mint.  ]S^one  of  these  coins 
are  supplied  by  the  Treasury,  but  the  one-cent  and  five-cent  i)ieces  are 
furnished  in  miiltiples  of  $20  by  the  Mint,  which  bears  the  expense  of 
their  transportation. 

Included' in  the  amount  on  hand  is  a  considerable  quantity  of  coins 
of  the  various  denominations  unfit  for  circulation,  for  the  recoinage  of 
which  an  appropriation  of  $1,000  has  been  made.  , 


FRACTIONAL  CURRENCY. 

The  amount  of  fractional  currency  redeemed  during  the  fiscal  year 
was  only  $§8,705.55,  against  $109,001.05  in  the  preceding  year.  The 
amount  outstanding  at  the  close  of  the  year  was  $15,42.3,18(3.10.  The 
redemptions  for  each  year  since  1876,  when  the  issue  ceased,  have  been 
as  follows : 

1877 $14,04:i,4.58  05 

1878 'S,  ^55,  :i(i8  57 

1879 705,158  66 

1880 251,717  41 

1881  .„ 109,001  05 

1882 58,705  55 

MUTILATED,   STOLEN,   AND   COUNTERFEIT   CURRENCY. 

There  was  detected  by  this  oflBce,  in  remittances  of  currency  received 
for  redem])tion  during  the  year,  $5,430  in  counterfeit  United  States 
notes,  $370.10  in  counterfeit  fractional  currency,  $3,429  in  counterfeit 
national-bank  notes,  and  $775  in  "stolen"  national-bank  notes.    The 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY. 


291 


denominations  of  the  counterfeit  United  States  notes  and  national-bank 
notes  rejecteil  were  as  follows: 


Deuomination. 


United  States 
Dotea. 


National-bank 
notes. 


One  dollar 

Two  dolliirs 

l'"ivt»(lollllI8 

Ten  dollars 

Twentv  dollars 

Fifty  dollars 

()iie  iiuudr(!d  dollars  . 
Que  thuusaud  duUaia 

Total 


$22  00 
34  UO 

•120  (10 

.1^0  00 
l,:t*iO  00 
1,  500  00 

500  00 
1. 000  00 


$64  00 

1, 425  00 

720  00 

600  00 


600  00 


5,  436  00 


3,  429  00 


The  number  of  the  counterfeit  United  States  notes  was  286,  and  of 
the  counterfeit  national-bank  notes  435. 

During  the  year  one  of  the  national  banks,  a  portion  of  whose  notes 
was  stolen  when  signed  by  but  one  of  its  officers,  aud  put  in  circulation 
with  tiie  fictitious  signature  of  the  other,  M'eut  into  voluntary  liquida- 
tion and  <leposited  in  the  Treasury  lawful  money  for  the  redemption  of 
all  of  its  circulation,  including  the  stolen  notes.  By  consent  of  the  offi- 
cers of  the  bank,  aiul  with  the  approval  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury, 
the  stolen  notes  when  presented  at  this  office  have  been  redeemed  from 
the  bank's  deposit  of  lawful  money. 

There  was  deducted  during  the  year,  on  account  of  mutilations,  from 
the  face  value  of  United  States  notes  redeemed  $12,086 ;  from  fractional 
currency,  $199.68;  and  from  notes  of  failed,  liquidating,  and  reducing 
national  banks,  886.50 ;  making  the  total  deductions  on  this  account 
$319,149.16  on  notes  of  the  fiice  value  of  $2,406,233,928.57  redeemed. 
In  accordance  with  the  recommendation  made  in  the  Treasurer's  last 
annual  report,  the  rule  subjecting  mutilated  United  States  currency  to 
a  discount  proportioned  to  the  part  lacking  was  modified,  in  March,  1882, 
so  that  fragments  equal  to  three-fifths  of  whole  notes  are  redeemed  in 
full,  and  notes  of  which  from  one-half  to  three-fifths  remains  at  one-half 
their  face  value.  This  rule  has  been  found  to  be  sufficient  for  the  pro- 
tection of  the  Treasury  from  fraud,  and  its  application  has  saved  much 
labor  and  annoyance  to  this  office,  while  it  has  relieved  the  holders  of 
mutilated  notes  from  the  hardship  to  which  they  were  formerly  sub- 
jected. Mutilated  United  States  notes  and  national-bank,  notes  aro 
now  redeemed  uuder  substantially  the  same  regulations. 


SALES  OF  EXCHANGE. 

During  the  year  ending  September  30,  1882,  exchange  between  the 
principal  cities  was  furnished  by  the  Treasury  Department  to  the  amount 
of  830,844,100.  For  deposits  of  gold  coin  in  New  York,  telegraphic 
orders  payable  in  silver  certificates,  amounting  to  $14,929,500,  were 
drawn  on  the  assistant  treasurers  in  Cincinnati,  Chicago,  Saint  Louis, 
and  New  Orleans,  of  which  $8,499,500  was  i)ayable  in  New  Orleans;  and, 
for  like  dei)osits,  orders  payable  in  gold  coin  were  drawn  on  Philadel- 
phia for  $(),5(;9,600,  and  on  New  Orleans  for  $3,550,000.  The  exchange 
on  New  Orleans  was  sold  for  a  premium  of  $2,808.75.  For  deposits  in 
New  York  and  Baltimore,  exchange  amounting  to  $795,000,  payable  in 
standard  silver  dollars,  was  drawn  on  I'hiladelphia,  and  $5,0()0,000  in 
exchange  on  New  York  was  sold  in  San  Francisco  for  United  States 
notes. 


292 


PATERS    ACCOMPANYING    'J'HE 


DEPOSITARY   BANKS. 

Tlie  public  funds  deposited  with  national-bank  depositaries  durinj; 
the  liscal  year  amounted  to  .$143,201,541.41,  niakiiijj  the  total  receipts  of 
public  moneys  by  these  de])Ositaries  since  the  establishment  of  the 
luitional  banking  system  $3,812,722,588.02.  The  balance  remaining 
•with  them  at  the  close  of  the  year  to  the  credit  of  the  Treasurer  was 
$0,610,432.80,  and  the  balance  to  the  credit  .of  disbursing  otlicers 
amounted  to  $3,152,254.50,  making  a  total  deposit  of  $12,702,087.42, 
which  is  protected  by  $15,925,000  iii  United  States  bonds  lodged  with 
the  Treasurer. 

The  receipts  and  disbursements  of  public  funds  by  bank  depositaries 
during  the  last  nineteen  fiscal  years  have  been  as  follows : 


Fiscal  year.            Receipts. 

Fonds  transfer- 
red to  deposi- 
tary banks. 

Fnndstran.sferred 
to  the  Treasury!  Drafts  drawn  on    Balance  at  close 
by  depositary  depositary  banks,     of  the  year, 
banks.                                                 1 

1864 

$153,  395, 108  71 
987,  564, 639  14 
497.  566,  676  42 
351,  737,  083  83 
225,  244,  144  75 
105,160,573  67 
120,  084,  041  79 

99,  299,  840  85 
106, 104,  855  10 
169,  602, 743  98 

91,  108,  846  70 

98,  228,  249  53 
97, 402,  227  57 

106,470,261  22 

99,  781,  053  48 
109,  397,  525  67 
119, 493, 171  94 
131,  820,  002  20 
143,  261,  541  41 

.$816,  000  00 

.$85,  .507,  674  08  i      $28, 726,  095  88 
.583.  697  912  72           41.5.  8H7.  767  81 

$39,  976,  738  75 
36, 065,  992  06 

1865 

8, 110,  294  70 

1866 

13,523.972  62  i       .363.  085.  .ifiS  (IS  1       149.772.7.56  11 

34, 298,  318  34 

1867 

8,  405,  903  63 

331,  039,  872  57           37, 218,  612  76 

26.182.821   47 

1868 

]  869 

9, 404,  392  00 
10,  052, 199  44 
2,  466,  521  06 
2, 633, 129  45 
3,050,444  05 
9,  004,  842  49 
2,  729,  958  81 

1,  737,  445  60 

2,  445,  451  49 
2,  353, 196  29 
2,  385,  920  38 
6,  890,  489  06 
6,  489,  634  17 
5,  646,  092  46 
5,  256,  574  29 

215,  311, 460  C9  ,        22,  218, 187  92  1      23,  301,  709  01 
114, 748,  877  24           14,  890,  463  75           8,  875, 141  73 

1870    

111,123,926  18  '        11,818,228  61           8,  48:j,  549  79 

1871 

89,  428,  544  04  1        13,  7^0,  961  01           7, 197, 015  04 

1872 

94,  938,  603  76           13,  635,  837  49           7,  777, 873  00 

1873 

108,  089,  786  76           16, 110,  519  07         62, 185, 153  64 

1874 

134,  869, 112  57  i        13,  364, 554  52           7, 790, 292  06 

1875    

82, 184,  304  05  '        13,  657,  678  25         11,  914,  004  89 

1876 

89,  981, 146  99           13,  909,  616  83           7.  870.  920  13 

1877 

94,  276, 400  35  I        14,  862,  200  88 
90, 177,  963  35  \        12,  606, 870  60 
100, 498, 469  29          15.  544. 058  34 

7,  5.S5,  776  41 

1878 

6,  937, 916  32 

1879 

7, 183,  403  42 

1880 

188]        

109,  641,  232  64 
118, 143, 724  91 
129, 131,  305  07 

15,  525, 023  03 
18,  388,  772  82 
18,  709, 928  56 

7,  999,  953  86 

8.  933,  550  79 

1882     

9,610,432  86 

Total 

3, 812, 722, 588  02 

103, 402, 461  99 

3, 045,  875, 882  91 

860,638,734  24 

PACIFIC  RAILROAD   SINKINa  FUNDS. 


There  are  held  by  this  office  on  account  of  the  Pacific  Eailroad  sink- 
ing funds,  established  by  the  act  of  May  7, 1878  (20  Statutes,  56),  bonds 
as  follows: 

For  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad  Company. 

Pacific  Railway  bonds,  currency  sixes $361,000 

Loan  of  July  12,  1882,  3  per  cents 256,450 

Funded  loan  of  1907,  4  per  cents 32,656^ 

650, 100 


For  the  Central  Pacvfic  Eailroad  Company. 

Pacific  Railway  bonds,  currency  sixes 444,000 

Loan  of  July  12,  1882,  3  per  cents 194,900 

l\inded  loan  of  1907,4  per  cents 199,100 

838,000 

Bonds  of  the  funded  loan  of  1881,  to  the  amount  of  $256,450,  held 
for  the  Union  Pacific  Eailroad  Company,  and  $194,900,  for  the  Central 
Pacific  Eailroad  Company,  continued  at  3^  per  cent.,  were  exchanged 
for  bonds  of  the  loan  of  July  12,  1882,  bearing  3  per  cent. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     293 
TRUST  FUNDS. 

Tlie  Indian  Trust  Funds. 

The  bonds  and  stocks  of  the  Indian  Trust  Fund,  at  the  close  of  the 
fiscal  year,  in  the  custody  of  this  office,  in  conformity  witli  the  act  of 
Confess  of  June  10, 1870  (19  Statutes,58),  amounted  to  $1,S78,81G.83§. 
Of  this  amount  $280,000  was  in  Pacitic  Kailway  bonds,  currency  sixes, 
'  and  the  remainder  in  State  and  corporation  stocks  and  bonds,  as  shown 
in  the  table  in  the  appendix. 

During  the  fiscal  year  United  States  bonds  to  the  amount  of  $2,186,050 
were  sold,  in  pursuance  of  instructions  from  the  Secretary  of  tlie  Inte- 
rior, and  the  proceeds,  amounting  to  82,2.31,021,  deposited  in  tlie  Treas- 
ury, as  provided  for  in  the  act  of  April  1, 1880  (21  Statutes,  70),  and  one 
bond  of  $500,  of  the  loan  of  July  and  August,  1801,  was  delivered  to 
the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  for  redemption,  and  the  proceeds  depos- 
ited in  pursuance  of  the  same  act. 

The  remaining  $121,000  in  bonds  of  the  ]S"ashville  and  Chattanooga 
Eailroad  Comi)any,  due  July  1, 1882,  were  paid  by  the  company  at  ma- 
turity, and  the  principal  deposited  in  the  Treasury  in  accordance  with 
the  act  of  April  1,  1880;  the  interest,  $3,630,  was  deposited  in  the 
Treasury  to  the  credit  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  trustee  of  va- 
rious Indian  ti'ibes.  Detached  and  unpaid  coupons  from  these  bonds 
'  to  the  amount  of  $153,510  are  held  in  this  office.  Actioji  to  obtain  pay- 
ment of  this  amount,  with  interest,  is  now  pending  in  the  United  States 
circuit  court  at  2s  ashville,  Tenn. 

American  Printing-House  for  the  Blind. 

Under  the  act  of  March  3, 1879  (20  Statutes,  467),  $250,000  in  United 
States  four  per  cent,  bonds  are  held  in  the  name  of  the  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury,  trustee,  "to  promote  the  education  of  the  blind,"  the  in- 
terest on  which  is  paid  to  the  trustees  of  the  American  Printing-IIouse 
for  the  Blind,  in  Louisville,  Ky.,  in  conformity  with  that  act. 

Pennsylvania  Company. 

Under  the  i)rovisions  of  department  circular  No.  140,  dated  Xovem- 
l>er  29,  1870,  $200,000  in  registered  bonds  of  the  funded  loan  of  1891, 
are  lield  in  trust  for  the  Pennsylvania  Company  for  the  security  of 
unappraised  dutiable  merchandise,  and  dutiable  merchandise  in  bond, 
transported  by  it. 

Manhattan  Savings  Institvtion. 

United  States  bonds  issued  to  replace  those  alleged  to  have  been 
fitoleu  from  the  vaults  of  the  .Manhattan  Havings  Institution,  New  York, 
are  held  in  this  office  to  the  amount  of  $200,000  to  i)rotect  the  United 
States  from  loss,  as  provided  by  the  act  of  December  19,  1878  (20  Stat- 
utes, 589). 

Cincinnati  Chamber  of  Commerce. 

Forty  thousand  dollars  in  United  States  4  per  cent,  bonds,  in  the 
name  of  the  Treasurer  of  the  United  States,  in  trust  for  the  Cincinnati 
Chamber  of  Commerce  and  ^Merchants' Exchange,  are  held  in  this  oflice 
in  pursuance  of  a  contract  between  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  and 
the  Cincinnati  Chamber  of  Commerce  and  Merchants'  Exchange,  made 
under  the  authority  of  a. joint  resolution  of  Congress  approved  l\l)ruary 
27,  1879  (20  Statutes,  488),  being  the  investment  of  a  i)artial  i)ayment 
for  the  site  of  the  old  post-office  and  customhouse  in  the  city  of  Cincin- 
nati. The  bonds  are  to  br  sdld  and  the  i)roceeds  iii>plied  in  payment  of 
the  property  when  a  deed  of  conveyauce  is  executed. 


294  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 

UNITED  STATES  BONDS  HELD  FOE  NATIONAL  BANKS. 

At  tlio  close  of  tlie  fiscal  year  the  Uriited  States  bonds  lield  in  trust 
for  the  national  banks  amounted  to  $376,647,700,  Of  tliis  amount 
$360,722,700  was  held  to  secure  circulation,  and  $15,925,000  to  secure 
public  moneys,  as  follows : 

TO  8K0UUE  CIRCULATION. 

Ten-forties  of  18G4,  5  per  ceixts $50,000 

Pacific  Railway  bonds,  6  per  cents 3, 320, 000 

Funded  loan  of  1881,  5  per  cents 24,000 

Funded  loan  of  1881,  coutinnod  at  3^  per  cent 202, 147,050 

Loan  of  July  and  August,  1861,  cwntiuucd  at  3^  per  cent 7,13^^,300 

Loan  of  1863  ('81s),  continued  at  3>^  per  cent 18,004,300 

Funded  loan  of  1891,  4J  per  cents 32,752,650 

Funded  loan  of  1907,  4  per  cents 97,279,800 

360, 722, 700 

TO  SECURE  PUBLIC  MONEYS. 

Pacific  Railway  bonds,  6  per  cents $33,000 

Loan  of  July  and  August,  1861,  continued  at  3^  per  cent S6,  300 

Loan  of  1863  ('81s),  continued  at  3|  per  cent 797, 100 

Funded  loan  of  1881,  continued  at  3|  per  cent 7, 614, 000 

•Funded  loan  of  1891,  4^  per  cents 854,100 

Funded  loan  of  1907,  4  per  cents 6,538,500 

15, 925, 000 


The  amount  of  bonds  deposited  during?  the  year  was  $129,47'4,400, 
and  of  bonds  withdrawn,  $128,628,100.  The  total  movement  of  bonds 
held  in  trust  for  national  banks  was  $258,102,500. 

The  amount  of  United  States  bonds  continued  at  3^  per  cent,  held  in 
trust  for  national  banks  July  1,  1882,  was  $235,789^650.  During  the 
mouth  of  July  $795,000  of  the  above  bonds,  included  in  calls  for  re- 
demption, were  withdrawn.  Of  the  remaining  3J  per  cent,  bonds 
$180,524,250  have  since  been  withdrawn  and  exchanged  into  3  per  cent, 
bonds,  under  the  provisions  of  the  act  of  July  12,  1882. 

SEMI-ANNUAL  DUTY. 

The  semi-annual  duty  assessed  upon  and  collected  from  the  national 
banks  by  the  Treasurer  of  the  United  States  for  the  fiscal  year  is  as  fol- 
lows : 

On  circulation $3,190,981  98 

On  deposits 5,521,927  47 

On  capital 437,774  90 

9, 150,  684  35 

This  amount  of  semi-annual  duty,  which  is  the  largest  collected  in 
any  year  since  the  establishment  of  the  national  banking  system,  ex- 
ceeds the  amount  collected  in  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1881,  by 
$657,131.80. 

The  total  amount  of  semi-annual  duty  collected  by  this  office  from  the 
national  banks  for  the  fiscal  years  from  1864  to  1882,  as  shown  in  the 
appendix,  is : 

On  circulation S^>2,253,513  24 

On  deposits 58,166,276  70 

On  capital 7,585,911  31 

Total 118,005,706  25 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     295 

THE  kede:mption  of  national-bank  notes. 

The  national-bank  notes  received  for  i'edeiuj)tion  diuinj^  the  fiscal 
year  amounted  to  ^7<),0S'J,327,  au  increase  over  the  preceding:  year  of 
$1G,43'J,008,  or  more  than  27A  per  cent.  Xotwithstandinj?  this  increase 
the  redemptions  were  less  than  one-third  as  great  as  in  1877,  when 
they  reached  $230,210,375.  $28,012,000  was  received  from  the  citv  of 
New  York,  $7,370,000  h\mi  Boston,  and  $5,939,000  from  Philadelphia-. 
The  larj^est  amount  received  in  any  year  from  New  York  was  $80,925,000 
in  1875,  and  from  Boston  $80,527,000  in  1878,  the  amount  in  each  case 
being-  greater  than  the  entire  redemptions  during  the  fiscal  year  1882. 

The  amount  assorted  during  the  year  was  $74,593,730,  of  which 
$3,801,500  was  fit  for  circulation  and  returned  to  the  banks  that  issued 
it,  $53,838,500  was  unfit  for  circulation,  and  $10,953,730  was  of  the  issue 
of  banks  which  have  failed,  gone  into  li(]uidation,  or  made  deposits  of 
lawful  money  for  the  retirement  of  i)art  of  their  circulation.  The 
amount  of  notes  fit  for  circulation  redeemed  was  less  than  in  any  pre- 
ceding year,  constituting  but  5  per  cent,  of  the  total  redemptions,  while 
the  amount  of  notes  unfit  for  circulatio!i  was  greater  than  in  any  of  the 
preceding  four  years.  The  amount  of  notes  fit  for  circulation  redeemed 
has  steadily  di'clined  since  1878.  In  that  year  they  amounted  to 
$152,437,300,  and  constituted  more  than  70  ])er  cent,  of  the  total  re- 
dem]>tions.  The  proportion  of  notes  of  reducing  banks  included  in  the 
amount  redeemed  was  greater  than  in  any  jueceding  year,  being 
$14,150,02f»,  or  nearly  19  per  cent,  of  the  total  amount  assorted. 

The  exi)enses  incurred  in  the  redemption  of  national-bank  notes 
during  the  year  were  $129,529.38  as  against  $120,212.12  during  the 
preceding  year.  The  increase  is  more  than  covered  by  the  increase  in 
the  charges  for  transportation,  the  expenses  of  redeeming  and  assorting 
the  notes  having  been  reduced  from  $92,308.20  in  1881  to  $90,320.07  iu 
1882 — a  smaller  exi»enditure  than  in  any  preceding  year.  Heretofore, 
in  accordance  with  a  construction  of  the  law  adopted  at  the  outset,  the 
charges  for  transportation  have  been  assessed  upon  the  several  national 
banks  in  proportion  to  the  amount,  and  the  expenses  of  assorting  iu 
proportion  to  the  number,  of  tlieir  notes  redeemed.  For  tlie  last  fiscal 
year,  for  the  first  time,  all  of  the  exi)enses  of  redemption  have  been 
assessed  in  ]>roportiun  to.  the  amount  of  the  notes  of  each  bank  redeemed. 
This  niethixl  seems  to  conform  more  closely  than  the  former  one  to  the 
requirement  of  the  law  that  "  the  amount  assessed  upon  each  association 
shall  be  in  proportion  to  the  circulation  redeemc<l,"  while  it  saves  the 
labor  and  exi)ense  of  computing  the  number  of  notes  redeemed  for  each 
bank. 

At  the  Treasurer's  suggestion  there  was  inserted  in  the  act  of  July  12, 
1882,  extending  the  cori)orate  existence  of  national  banks,  a  juovisiou 
that  "all  national  banks  which  have  heretofore  made  or  shall  hereafter 
make  dejiosits  of  lawful  Uioney  lor  the  reduction  of  their  circulation 
shall  bo  assessed  *  •  *  for  tii^  eost  of  transporting  aiul  redeeming 
their  notes  redeemed  from  such  deposits  subseipiently  to  June  30,  1881." 
Accordingly,  all  notes  of  reducing  banks  redeemed  during  the  last 
fiscal  year  have  been  subjected  to  assessment,  making  the  total  amount 
assessed  $71,794,520,  and  the  average  rate  $1.80iVo'V  f^r  each  $1,000  re- 
deemed and  assorted.  Had  the  reducing  baid<s  been  relieved  fiom  as- 
sessment as  heretofore,  the  assessment  upon  the  other  banks  would  have 
been  at  the  rate  of  $2.25  for  each  $1,000,  or  one-fourth  greater. 

The  same  section  provides  that  tlie  national  banks  which  shall  there- 
after make  deposits  of  lawful  mouey  for  the  retirement  in  full  of  their 


296 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 


circuliitioii  s'lmll,  nt  the  time  ot'tlieir  deposit,  be  assessed  for  tfie  cost  of 
transporting  and  redeemiiifj  their  notes  then  ontstaM<ling  a  sum  equal 
to  the  average  cost  ol*  the  redemption  of  national-bank  notes  during  the 
preceding  year.  The  assessments  made  under  this  section  on  national 
banks  going  into  voluntary  liquidation  are  credited  to  a  consolidated 
account  to  which  are  to  be  annually  charged  the  actual  expenses  of 
tTansx)orting  and  redeeming  the  notes  of  such  banks. 

DEPOSITS  FOR  RETIEEiEENT   OP  BANK  CIRCULATION. 


The  ninth  section  of  the  act  of  July  12, 1882,  extending  the  cliarters  of 
national  banks,  limits  to  $3,000,000  a  month  the  deposits  of  lawful  money 
which  may  be  made  for  the  withdrawal  of  bank  circulation  under  sectfon 
4  of  the  act  of  June  20, 1874,  exclusive  of  the  amount  which  may  be  with- 
drawn in  consequence  of  the  calling  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treas- 
ury of  bonds  for  redemption.  The  amount  deposited  on  this  account 
from  the  date  of  the  ])assage  of  the  act  to  October  31,  was  $4,581,825,  of 
which  $1,882,340  consisted  of  lawful  money  deposited  with  the  Treasurer 
and  assistant  treasurers  of  the  United  States,  and  $2,690,485  of  the  pro- 
ceeds of  called  bonds.  The  deposits  of  lawful  money  during  the  same 
period  for  the  retirement  of  the  circulation  of  national  banks  in  volun- 
tary liquidation  were  81,800,135. 

The  following  table  shows  the  monthly  deposits  on  each  account: 


Date. 


1882 

July 

August 

September 

October 


Deposits  on  reducing  account. 


Lawful 
money. 


$732, 470 
421,  030 

.  341,  480 
380,  700 


Proceeds  of 
called  bonds. 


$1,  702,  C85 
581, 720 
415,  080 


Total  on  re- 
ducing 
accoonk. 


Deposits  on 
liquidating 
account. 


$732, 470 

2, 124,  315 

923,  200 

801,  840 


1,  882,  340 


2,099,485 


4, 581,  825 


j   Aggregate 
I  deposits  ou 
I   liquidating 
I  .and  redncinn; 
I    accounts. 


$070, 800 
572, 190 
300,  545 
310,  000 


$1,409,270- 
2, 090,  505 
1,  223,  745 
1,112,440 


1, 800, 135 


0, 441,  900 


RESTORATION   OF  SALARIES. 

In  conclusion,  the  Treasurer  earnestly  renews  the  recommendation 
made  in  his  last  annual  report  for  the  restoration  to  their  former  amounts 
of  the  salaries  of  the  ofncers  of  his  oftice  which  were  reduced  by  the 
appropriation  act  of  187G.  The  amount  required  to  make  the  restora- 
tion is  only  $3,600  per  annum— the  salary  of  three  clerks  of  the  lowest 
grade — while  the  number  of  officers  who  woidd  be  benefited  by  it  is 
twenty.  Even  with  the  restoretl  salaries,  the  pay  of  these  officers  will 
be  much  less  than  is  paid  for  like  services  and  responsibilities  in  private 
establishments,  and  less  tlian  the  salaries  of  officers  of  no  higher  rank 
in  some  other  branches  of  the  public  service.  The  action  recommended 
would  simplv  restore  the  salaries  to  the  amounts  at  which  they  are  fixed 
by  law  (18' Statutes,  307,  390). 

Xo  loss  of  the  public  money  has  occurred  in  this  office  during  the  last 
year. 

Very  respectfuUv,  vour  obedient  servant, 

JAS.  GILFILLA]S^, 
Treasurer  of  the  United  Slates. 
Hon.  Charles  J.  Folger, 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     297 


REPOET  OF  THE  REGISTER  OF  THE  TREASURY. 

Treasury  Department, 
Register's  Office, 

November  8,  1882. 

Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  transinit  herewith  a  report  of  the  work  per- 
formed ill  this  office  during  the  fiscal  year  ended  on  the  oOth  day  of 
June,  1882. 

It  affords  me  pleasure  to  state  that  the  iierformance  of  their  official 
duties  by  the  employes  of  this  bureau  has  been  faithful  and  satisfactory. 

LOAN  DIVISION. 

Total  uumber  of  coupou  and  rogistored  1[)onds  issued 104,  34G 

Total  number  of  coupon  and  registered  bonds  canceled :503, 90;? 

AMOUXT  ISSUED. 

Direct  issue  (coupon) 1 « $108,350 

Dirfct  issue  (registeied) 121,504,000 

Registered  bonds  issued  in  excliauge  for  coupon  bonds 26,  773, 900 

Registered  bonds  Issued  upon  transfers,  includingSpanish  indemnity.  330, 440, 900 

:        Total 478,827,150 


AMOUNT  cancei;ed. 


Actual  redemptions  (coupon) » $26,601,450 

Actual  rodoiiiptions  (registered) 144,8ii3, 850 

Coupou  bonds  converted  into  registered 26,773,900 

Coupon  and  registered  bonds  converted  into  3^  jjer  cents 121 ,  377,  300 

Registered  l)ond8  transferred 330,  440, 900 


Total 650,027,400 


A  synopsis  of  the  vault  account  shows  that  the  amount  of  -bonds  on 

hand  July  1,  1881,  including-  those  held  by  Treasury  agent  abroad,  was: 

Registered  bonds %il,275, 1(M,  550 

Coupon  bonds AQ,'m7,  600 

District  of  Columbia  bonds •  3,  .'>30, 400 

Received  during  tlie  venr: 

lYom  Secretaiy  of  Treasury :?32, 2a'),  000 

From  Commissioners  District  of  Colmnbia 1,077,500 

Total 1,658.995,050 

Accounted  loi  as  followw: 

Registered  l)'>n(ls  issued,  ex<;lnsive  of  Spanish  indemnity 476,649,800 

Coup<;n  bonds  i.ssn^'d 70,200 

District  of  CoIunil)ia  bonds,  coupon  and  registered 2, 100, 150 

Delivered  to  destrut^tiou  committee: 

Registered  bonds 210,502,800 

Coupon  bonds 14,805,000 

On  hand  June  30, 1882 : 

Registered  bond^ 920, 29G,  950 

Cou])OU  bonds 31,462,400 

District  of  Columbia  bonds 3,  Ui7,750 

Total l,t).-,8,995,050 

Redemption  and  exchanges  of  coupon  bonds  delivered  to  note  and 

coupon  division 26,(565,550 


298 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 


STATEMENT shoivinq  the  NUMBER  and  AMOUNT  of  COUPON  and  REGISTERED 
BONDS  ISSUED  daring  thejincal  year  ended  June  30,  18^2. 


Loaus. 


4  per  cent,  consols,  1907 


C. 


h- 

A\  per  cpjit.  fnnrti'd,  1891 11- 

Pacific  Kailroads li- 

July  and  August,  18G1,  continued  at  3J  per 

cent Ji- 

March  3, 18G3,  continued  at  3i  per  cent..K. 
5  per  cent,  funded,  continued  at  3i  per 

cent -K- 

5  per  cent,  funded,  Districtof  Columbia. K. 

3.65  funded,  District  of  Columbia ?  ^" 

Spanish  indemnity K- 


Totals. 


Bondu  issued. 


Direct  is- 
sue, 
amount. 


Excbanges 
amount. 


?8, 


.$70,  200 
106,700   $19,712,450 
6,  573, 450 


Transfers, 
amount. 


1,  9r)7,  850 
810,700 

118,  578, 750 

38,'i5J" 


121,  C12,  350 


27,  000 
'461,' OOO' 


26, 773,  900 


076. 750 
299,  g.^ 
620,  000 

035,  700 
458,  650 

368, 850 
49,  000 


Total 
bonds 
issued. 


Tot.al 
amount 
isRued. 


,  525,  000 
7,000 


330, 440,  900 


4.57 
31,872 
10,640 

957 

9,  6.56 
4,898 

44,  931 
76 
160 


104,  346 


$70, 200 

107,  945,  900 

32,  878, 400 

4,  620, 000 

31, 993,  550 
17,  269, 350 

281,  947, 600 
76,000 
38,150 

1,  986,  000 
7,000 


478,  827, 150 


STATEMENT  simping  the  NUMBER  and  AMOUNT  of  COUPON  and  REGISTERED 
BONDS  CANCELED  during  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30, 1882. 


Loans. 


r" 

4i  per  cent,  funded,  1691 \  j>' 

Pacific  Railioads K., 

July  and  August,  1801,  continued  at  3*  per 

cent R-- 

March  3, 1863,  continued  at  34  per  cent.  .R. 
5  per  cent,  funded,  continued   at  3J  per 

cent R- 

5  per  cent,  funded.  District  of  Colum-  C  C . 

bia >  R. 

3.65  funded,  District  of  Columbia i  j^"" 

Spanish  indemnity.^. K-. 

1861— February  8,  6  per  cent J  jj" " 

1861— July  and  August,  6  per  cent ...  \  jj' 

1863— March  3,  6  per  cent |  jj' 

5Q 
R  ' 

1862— February  25 i  £;; 

1864— June  30  C 


Bonds  canceled. 


Redemp- 
tions, 
amount. 


$19,  712,  450 


356,  750 
637, 850 


1,000 


1804—10-408 \  £;; 

c  c  ' 

1865— March  3,  May  and  November..  X  •^" 

1805 — March  3,  consols \  ^" 

1867— March  3,  consols I  j." 

1868 — March  3,  consols j  jj" 

Oregon  ■war  debt C. 


376, 
041, 
212, 
.545, 
037, 
615, 
79(t. 
714, 
3, 

6, 

130, 
557, 


71, 
17, 
277, 
216, 
122, 
59, 
559, 


Exchanges, 
amount. 


Transfers,    J«tal 
^°^*-     of  bonds. 


6,  573, 450 


l$88,  076,  7.50 


451,  000 


*681,  600 

*1,  276,  2.'J0 

*209, 900 

*600,  800 

'53,  787,  0.'>0 

'04,  821, 700 


26,  299,  95(1 
4, 620,  000 

30,  035, 700 
16,  458, 650 

163,  308,  850 


49,  000 


1.  525,  000 
7,000 


Total 171,435,300    148,151,200  '330,440,900 


46, 308 
36, 182 

7, 288 
8,548 


28,  982 
5,220 

24, 737 
27 
51 

1,  294 
593 

1 
370 

2,  632 
12, 143 

5,  334 

3,640 

2,  i;i2 

95,  014 

18,  603 

19 

1 

8 

432 

157 

3 

5 

178 

13 

9: '6 

87 

304 

25 

1,672 


Total 
amount 
canceled. 


$19,712,450 
88,  076,  7.50 

6,  573, 450 
26, 299,  950 

4, 620,  000 

123,  392, 450 
19,  096,  500 


303,  903 


163,369, 

27 

ZA, 

474, 

1.  595, 

37c! 

7,  041, 
6,  893, 

8,  821, 
2  247 
4!  216^ 

70,  577, 
94,  520, 


C, 
130, 
557, 


216, 

122, 

,59, 

559, 


8.50 
OOO 
000 
200 
000 
000 
000 
000 
700 
250 
350 
IOC 
70C 
70C 
800 
r.J 
200 
500 
400 
300 
.500 
600 
250 
WO 
750 
7110 
000 
050 


650,  027,  40C 


'Converted  into  3J  per  cents. 


EEPORT   OP   THE   SECRETARY   OF   THE   TREASURY.  299 

NOTE  AND   COUPON  DIYISION. 

TREASURY  NOTES,   INTEREST   CHECKS,    and    CERTIFICATES,    COUNTED, 
ARRANGED,  REGISTERED,  and  EXAMINED. 

OXE  and  TWO  TEARS'  5  PER  CENT.  TREASURY  NOTES. 


Authorizing  act. 


Number  of 
not«s. 


March  3,  1803  . 


110 


$3,  590 


GOLD  CERTIFICATES. 


Authoriziujr  act. 


Number  of 
certificates. 


Amount. 


March  3,  1SC3 


1,027  $1,004,880 


THREE  TEARS'  C  PER  CENT.  COMPOUND-INTEREST  NOTES. 


Authorizing  acta. 


ilarch  3,  1803,  and  June  SO,' 1864  . 


Number  of 
notes. 


499 


Amount. 


$11,  720 


THREE  YEARS'  7^  PER  GENT.  TREASURY  NOTES. 


Authorizing  acts. 


Number  of 
notes. 


Amouut. 


July  17,  18C1 

Juiiu  30,  18U4,  and  March  3,  1805 


$300 
3.400 


3,700 


CURRENCY  CERTIFICATES  of  DEPOSIT. 


Authorizing  act. 

Number  of 
cuitilicates. 

Amount. 

Junes  1872 

1,  .109 

$13,  C30, 000 

INTEREST  CHECKS. 


Authorizing  acts. 


Funded  loiiu  of  18S1  (5  per  cent.) 

Funded  U)an  of  1891  (4.5  per  cent.). . . 
Consuls  of  1!K)7  (4  jier  rent.) . 
District  of  CuluiuUia  old  funded  debt 

Total 


Number  of 
checks. 


Amount. 


3.1.741  $14,  798,  .170  43 

07,  5J2  !  11,49K.  oiO  31 

5),  079  I  4,094.094  1.1 

71  14,341  00 


155,013  !       31,005,031  89 


300 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


REDEEMED  COUPONH  DETACHED  from  BONDfi  and  NOTES. 

Arm Ji god  nmnciically 3,  244, 499 

Kcgisterod :),  070,  026 

Exutnlned 2,004,872 

REDEEMED,  EXCHANGED,  and  TRANSFERRED  UNITED  STATES  BONDS,  with  COUPONS 
attached,  EXAMINED,  REGISTERED,  and  SOnEDULED. 


Loan. 

Number  of      Aniouat  of 
bouds.              bonds. 

Number  of 
coupons 
attached. 

Consols  of  18G"i       

C4, 099       $27, 450,  500 
42,  483         21,  994,  350 

891.  890 

Consols  of  1867 

679,  770 

106,  582         49,  354,  850 

1,571,660 

NOTE  AND  rEACTlONAL-CUREENCY  DIVISION. 

STATEMENT  SHOWING  the  NUMBER  of  NOTES  and  AMOUNT  of  UNITED 
STATES  NOTES,  DEMAND  NOTES,  4  PER  CENT.  REFUNDING  CERTIFI- 
CATES, SILVER  CERTIFICATES,  and  FRACTIONAL  CURRENCY  EXAM- 
INED, COUNTED,  CANCELED,  and  DESTROYED  for  the  fiscal  year  ending 
June  30,  1882. 


United  States  notes. 


2tumber  of 
notes. 


Amonnt. 


New  issue 

Series  1869 

Series  1874 

Series  1875 , 

Series  1878 , 

Series  1S80 

Doiuand  notes 

4  per  cent,  refunding  certificates 

Silver  Certificates : 

series  1878  issued  at  Washington  . 

series  1880  issued  at  Washington  . 

series  1878  issued  at  New  York  . . . 

series  1880  issued  at  New  York  . . . 

series  1878  San  Francisco 

Fi'actional  currency : 

first  issue 

second  issue 

third  issue 

fourth  issue 

fourth  issue,  second  series 

fourth  issue,  third  series 

fifth  issue 


122,  004 

1,  202, 199 

249,  572 

4, 226,  872 

6,  725,  204 

4,  598,  345 

90 

21, 830 

70, 704 
291,  699  I 
Iti,  678  , 
82,  ir,0  ; 
4,449 

3,200 

3,900 

20,450 

42, 780 

5,500 

8,700 

152,  680 


17, 849,  OOC 


$1, 265,  650 

11,  702,  501 

2,1.52,9.50 

16,  022. 250 

40,  006,  350 

6,  327, 600 

810 

218,  300 

2, 227.  SCO 

3,  737,  000 

486,  250 

965,000 

1, 795, 700 

615 
635 
2. 262 
7,739 
2,  750 
4,350 
33,  270 


87,  559, 782 


4  PER  CENT.  REGISTERED  REFUNDING  CERTIFICATES.  ! 

Amount  issued $-'>S,  500 

Amount  ttinded 57,350 


TONNAGE  DIVISION. 


The  total  tonnage  of  the  country  exhibits  an  increase  of  108,198.77 
tons,  the  enrolled  tonnage  having  increased  150,019.53  tons,  and  the 
licensed,  under  20  tons,  1,470.92  tons,  while  the  registered  tonnage  has 
decreased  43,291.08  tons. 


REPORT  OP^  THE  PKCRKTARY  r)F  THE  TREASURY.     301 

Below  are  given  the  totals  for  the  last  two  years : 


1881. 


Yesselfl. 


Tods. 


Kegistered 2.326     1, 33S,  58<5. 18 

Enrolled  and  licensed j      21,739  I  2,722,148.29 

Total 24,065  '■  4,057,734.47 


1882. 


VeaselB. 


2,1P5 
22,183 


Tons. 


1, 292,  294.  50 
2, 873,  638. 74 


24, 368       4, 1C5,  9.33. 24 


The  coraparison  of  the  diflerent  classes  of  vessels  is  as  follows: 


1881. 


Vessels. 


Tons. 


1882. 


Vessels. 


Tons. 


Sailing  vessels 16,760  2,350,393.14 

Steam  vessels 4,860  1,2&4,998.25 

Caual-boats 1,327  118,  U7j<.  73 

BarKe.s 1,118  325,304.35 


16, 810  2, 361, 251. 27 

5,  IDl  I  1, 355,  82.'..  C. 

1, 138  I  107,  394.  00 

1,  220  I  341, 462.  ;:2 


Total 24,065 


4,  057,  734. 47         24, 368       4, 165, 933.  24 


It  may  be  seen  from  the  foregoing  that  the  sailing  tonnage  has  in- 
creased 10,858.13  tons,  the  steam  tonnage  90,827.40  tons,  and  the  barge 
tonnage  10,097.07  tons,  while  the  canal-boat  tonnage  lias  decreased 
9,584.73  ton.s. 

The  proportion  of  the  sailing  tonnage  registered  is  48  per  centum, 
and  the  steam  tonnage  registered  12  per  centum. 


SHIP-BUILDING. 


The  following  table  exhibits  the  class,  number,  and  tonnage  of  the 
vessels  built  during  the  last  two  years: 


1881. 

1882. 

Vessels.        Tons. 

Vessels. 

Tons. 

Sailing  vessels . 

493       81, 209. 57 

444     118,  070.  .'■)5 

57       10,  189.  94 

114       70,988.58 

666 

502 

08 

135 

118,708.50 
121. 842. 66 

Steam  vessels 

7,882.00 
33,746.51 

Barges  

Total. 


1,108  i  280,458.64 


1,371       282,269.73 


From  the  foregoing  it  appears  that  the  amount  built  during  the  past 
year  was  greater  by  1,811.09  tons  than  that  of  the  preceding  year. 

The  tonnage  built  during  the  last  two  years  in  the  several  grand  di- 
visions of  the  country  is  shown  below : 


Division. 


1881. 

1882. 

Vessels.        Tons. 

Vessels. 

Tons. 

1 

653  {  114, 34a  66 

.■>H  1     11.417.49 

215  !    73,503.61 

182  1    81,188.88 

890 
75 

172. 306. 80 
15,  776. 95 

254 

Mt  :uiR  <u 

152        a.1  Kifi  as 

Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts 

Pacific  const 

Northern  lakes 

Western  rivers 

Total '        1,108  :  280,458.64 


1,371  j    282,209.73 


802 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 


The  following  table  exhibits  the  iron  tonnage  built  in  the  country 
since  1807: 


Class. 

1868. 

1869. 

1870. 

1871. 

1872. 

1873. 

1874. 

1,039 
3,545 

679 

7,602 

2,067 
13,  412 

Stoaiu  vesaols 



2.801 

12,  766 

26,548 

33,  097 

Total 

2,801 

4,584 

8,281 

15,  479 

12,  766 

26,548 

33,097 

Class. 

1875. 

1876. 

1877. 

1878. 

1879. 

1880. 

1881. 

1882. 

j 

44 
25,  538 

36 
28,  320 

21,  632 

21,346 

5,927 

26,  960 

22, 008 

40,097 

Total 

21.  632 

21,  346 

5,927 

26,960 

22,  008 

25,  582 

28,356 

40,097 

'     Table  showing  the  amount  of  iron  tonnage  outstanding  may  be  found 
in  the  Eeport  ou  Commerce  and  Navigation. 

THE   FISHERIES. 

The  tonnage  engaged,  in  tlie  fisheries  during  the  last  two  years  is  as 
follows : 


Fisheries. 


1881. 


Vessels. 


Tons. 


1882. 


Vessels. 


Tons. 


Cod  and  mackerel. 
Whale 


2,120 
173 


76, 137. 16  !        2,  090 
38,  551. 52  146 


77,  862. 46 
32, 802. 22 


Below  is  shown  the  amount  of  tonnage  employed  in  tbe  cod  and 
mackerel  fisheries,  with  the  i)er  centum  of  each  state : . 


states. 


Tonnage.     Per  cent, 


Maine 

New  Hampsbire 
Massachusetts . . 
Khofle  Lsland  ... 

Connecticnt 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Maryland • 

Virginia 

yiorida 

Alabama 

Texas 

California 


731.  26 

009.  36 

744.  00 

090. 82 

991.  91 

172. 84 

24.59 

893. 13 

053.  53 

145.  31 

68.21 

56.  03 

881. 47 


24 
1.3 

51.1 
2.7 
5.1 
9.2 
.03 
1.1 
1.4 
,  2 

!i 

.07 
3.7 


77,  862. 46 


100 


This  shows  an  increase  of  about  2  per  cent,  during  the  year.    The 
tonnage  employed  in  the  whale  fisheries  is  given  below: 


Customs  districts. 


Vessels. 


Tons.      I  Vessels. 


Tons. 


Boston,  ■^^a9S 

Bavnstaldp  ^Mass 

Edgartown,  Mass 

Now  licdfiird,  Mass 

New  Loudon,  Conn 

Total 


5 
18 

7 

132 

11 


734. 87 

1,  726.  97 

1,  371. 19 

32.  908.  88 

1,  749.  61 


5 

11 

5 

117 


794.87 
1,  052. 81 

891.28 

28,876.66 

1, 186.  60 


173       38, 551. 52 


146  I      32,  802. 22 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY.     303 

Of  the  above,  88  per  cent,  belongs  to  New  Bedford.  Fuller  tables, 
showing  the  various  classes  of  tonnage,  may  be  found  in  the  appendix 
to  this  report. 

DIVISION   OF  RECEIPTS  AND  EXPENDITURES. 

The  following  statement  exhibits  the  work  of  this  division  for  the  year 
ended  June  30,  1882 : 

The  number  of  warrants  registorefl  diirinj;  the  year  for  civil,  diplomatic,  mis- 
cellaneous, internal  revenue,  ami  public  debt  expenditures  and  repayments 
was 24,361 

In  the  preceding  year 2."!,  254 

Decrease 8i>3 

The  mimber  of  warrants  registered  for  receipts  from  customs,  lands,  internal 

revenue,  direct  tax,  and  miscellaneous  sources  was 13,362 

In  the  preceding  year 12, 881 

Increase ^ 481 

The  number  of  warrants  registered  for  payments  and  repayments  in  the  War, 

Navy,  and  Interior  (pension  and  Indian)  Deiiartmeuts  was 12,669 

In  the  preceding  year If),  036 

Decrease 2,367 

The  number  of  drafts  registered  was 33,  \[)>^ 

In  the  preceding  year 32, 179 

Increase 1,019 

The  number  of  journal  pages  required  for  the  entry  of  accounts  relating  to  the 
civil,  diplomatic,  internal  revenue,  miscellaneous,  and  public  debt  receipts 
and  expenditures  was 5, 878 

In  the  preceding  year 5,963 

Decrease 85 

The  number  of  certiticates  furnished  for  statements  of  accounts  was 14, 309 

In  the  preceding  year .• 13,341 

Increase 968 

The  number  of  accounts  received  from  the  First  and  Fifth  Auditors  and  Com- 
missioner of  the  General  Land  Othce  was 24,094 

Li  the  preceding  year 23,646 

Increase 448 

In  the  appendix  will  be  found  a  statement  of  the  receijits  and  expen- 
ditures of  the  government,  as  required  by  the  standing  order  of  the 
House  of  Kei)resentatives  of  December  30,  17!>1,  and  section  237  of  the 
Eevised  Statutes;  also,  statements  of  the  money  expciulcd  and  the 
number  of  persons  employed  and  the  occupation  and  salary  of  each 
person  at  each  custom-house,  as  required  by  section  258  of  the  Kevised 
Statutes. 

Very  respectfullv,  vour  obedient  .servant, 

B.  K.  BRUCE,  Register. 
Hon.  Charles  J.  Folger, 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 
*  *      »  •  •  •     *  •  • 


EE  PORT 

OF  THE 


SECRETARY    OF    WAR 


War  DEPAET3IENT, 

November  U,  1882. 
To  tlie  President: 

I  have  the  honor  to  submit  the  following  annual  report  of  the  admin- 
istration of  feis  department : 

EXPENDITURES,   APPROPRIATIONS,   AND  ESTIMATES. 

The  exi^enditures  of  the  War  Department  for  the  tiscal  year  ending 
June  30,  1882,  were  as  follows: 

Salaries,  contingent  expenses,  and  postage $1, 311, 072  70 

Military  Establishment — Army  and  Military  Academy 27, 567, 183  44 

Public  works 13,12.5,662  94 

Miscellaneous  objects 3,345,400  56 

Total 45,349,319  64 

The  appropriations  for  the  fiscal  year  1883  are  as  follows: 

Salaries,  contingent  expenses,  and  postage ^,231,737  81 

Military  Establishment— Army  and  Military  Academy 27, 137, 386  68 

Public  works. 22,709,366  56 

Miscellaneous  objects 3,583,929  88 

Total 55,662,420  93 

The  estimates  for  the  fiscal  year  1884,  as  revised  by  me,  are  as  follows : 

Salaries,  contingent  expenses,  and  postage $2,386,040  03 

Military  Establishment — Army  and  Military  Academy 28,901,445  94 

Public  works,  exclusive  of  harbors  and  rivers 4,513,602  64 

Miscellaneous  objects 3,096,531  73 

Total 38,897,620  34 

The  estimates  do  not  include  any  items  for  improving  rivers  and 
harbors,  or  for  the  work  of  improving  the  Mississippi  River  under  the 
Mississippi  River  Commission.  The  estimates  of  amounts  which  may 
be  expended  during  the  next  fiscal  year  on  these  works  aggregate 
$33,889,000.  These  estimates  are  prepared  and  are  reac^  for  submis- 
sion when  they  may  be  called  for. 

304 


REPOKT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAE.  ^        305 

To  obviate  what  have  lieretofore  been  called  '-special"  estimates  for 
buildings  at  military  posts,  sul>mitted  to  Congress  from  time  to  time, 
the  sums  required  for  such  buildin<2:s  have  this  year,  for  the  first  time, 
been  included  in  the  annual  estimates.  They  agfgregate  8 1,0.")!, 859.48. 
A  special  report,  ]^repared  by  the  General  of  tlie  Army,  showing  the 
necessity  of  the  buildings  estimated  for,  accompanies  this  report. 

The  increase  of  the  estimates  for  salaries  and  contingent  expenses  is 
caused  by  the  augmentation  of  the  clerical  force  to  be  engaged  upon 
pension  work;  fifty  new  clerks  in  the  Signal  Office;  the  general-service 
men  now  estimated  for,  and  all  the  buildings  rented  for  the  AVar  Depart- 
ment bureaus,  estimated  for  as  required  by  the  act  of  August  5,  1882 
(22  Statutes,  241),  the  principal  item  of  increase  over  the  appropriations 
being  $66,000  for  clerks  in  the  Signal  Office. 

The  increase  of  the  estimates  for  the  Military  Establishment  is  on 
account  of  enlargement  of  the  retired  list  of  the  Army,  the  longe\ity 
pay  to  retired  officers,  and  the  increased  cost  of  subsistence  and  quar- 
termaster's supplies.  The  item  pay  of  the  Military  Academy  is  also 
increased  $30,460  to  provide  for  the  cadets  under  the  new  Congressional 
apportionment. 

Estimates  for  the  entire  support  of  the  Signal  Service  are  now  sub- 
mitted, and  they  include  all  items  for  amounts  now  i^aid  from  Army 
appropriations  and  from  "line  receipts"  of  military  telegraph  lines, 
which  would  then  be  covered  into  the  Treasury  as  miscellaneous 
receipts. 

The  several  items  of  increase  are  more  specifically  explained  by  notes 
in  the  Book  of  Estimates. 

THE  ARMY. 

The  report  of  the  General  of  the  Armyls  very  interesting.  He  urges 
strongly  that  the  limit  of  the  enlisted  strength  of  the  Army  be  fixed  at 
30,000  men  instead  of  2o,000  men,  as  now  established.  No  increase  in 
the  number  of  otlicers  would  be  caused,  and  we  would  have  at  each  of 
our  numerous  posts  a  force  not  only  larger  but  more  efficient.  Our 
soldiers  are  overworked,  and  the  companies  are  too  small  for  discipline 
or  real  economy.     I  again  concur  in  his  recommendation. 

The  only  Indian  troubles  during  the  past  year  occurred  in  Arizona  and 
the  southwestern  border  of  New  Mexico,  by  outbreaks  of  the  Apaches. 
The  military' force  in  that  region  has  been  increased,  and  it  is  believed 
that  no  further  trouble  of  moment  need  be  apprehended.  The  General 
is  of  opinion,  and  I  agree  with  him,  that  the  time  is  at  hand  at  which 
Congress  should  make  provision  lor  i)ernuinent  and  comfortiible  posts 
at  important  strategic  points,  so  that  many  hastily  and  cheaply  built 
posts  which  have  served  their  purpose  as  pioneer  outworks  may  be 
abandoned. 

The  General  of  the  Army  also  recommends,  for  good  reasons,  such  a 
change  in  the  Articles  of  War  as  will  provide  for  the  designation  of  some 
one  officer  at  each  garrison  or  post  to  try  and  punish  soldiers  guilty  of 
20  Ab 


306         REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAJl. 

minor  oft>uses,  ro  ;is  to  avoid  numnrons  nnd  cuoibrous  courts-martial. 
The  olliccr,  while  j>ertorminj^  Ibis  duty,  would  icseinblf  a.  police  magis- 
trate, and  it  is  believed  that  the  j)romptuess  with  which  he  could  act 
would  be  very  beueticial  to  discipline. 

There  were  last  year  7,341  eulistmentsaud  re-eulistmeiits  iu  the  Army, 
aud  more  than  half  that  number  of  desertions — 3,721  soldiers  deserted. 
Some  remedy  must  be  Ibujul  fur  this  trouble,  for  it  is  not  only  very  ex- 
pensive, but  is  very  hurtful  to  the  morale  of  the  Army.  The  General 
believes  that  a  partial  remedy  may  be  found  by  increasing  the  pay  to 
what  it  was  in  180o,  that  is,  $16  ])er  month  for  a  private  soldier  and  a 
proportionate  amount  for  the  uon-commissioued  officers.  When  the 
actual  cost  of  supidying  a  deserters  place  is  considered,  such  an  in- 
crease would  not  cause  an  e(pm^alent  increase  iu  aggregate  public  ex- 
penditures. 

I  invite  attention  to  tbe  remarks  of  the  General  on  the  subject  of  pro- 
viding for  such  an  exchange  of  stations  by  regiments  that  the  offi(;eES 
and  men  may  have  an  assurance  thatwithiu  certain  periodsjthey  will  ])e 
relieved  from  duty  on  the  remote  frontier  aud  be  brought  nearer  the 
thickly  settled  ])arts  of  the  country. 

The  Artillery  School  at  Fortress  Monroe  and  the  new  School  of  Ap- 
plication for  Infantry  and  Cavalry  at  Fort  Leavenworth  are  serving  a 
most  useful  purpose.  Their  cost  is  not  more  than  garrisons  of  the  sajne 
size,  and  they  are,  in  fact,  only  large  posts,  in  which  every  officer  and 
soldier  is,  by  study  and  practice,  being  better  fitted  for  his  duties. 

MILITARY  ACADEMY. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  present  academic  year,  the  necessities  of  the 
military  service  required  such  changes  in  the  commands  of  military  de- 
partments as  to  give  an  opportunity^  for  abolishing  the  Department  of 
West  Point,  and  thereby  restoring  the  Academy  to  its  former  aud  i)roper 
condition  under  the  law. 

The  late  Superintendent  concurs  in  the  opinion  of  the  Board  of 
Visitors,  which  is  herewith  submitted,  that  the  state  of  discii)liue  is  all 
that  could  be  required — not  too  severe,  and  yet  exacting  a  prompt  and 
military  habit  and  attention  to  duty.  He  also  joins  in  the  recommen- 
dation of  the  Board  of  Visitors  that  a  new  public. chapel  be  erected, 
which  is  much  needed  for  religious  services  and  for  the  guiduatiug  ex- 
ercises, which  are  now  held  in  open  air  for  the  want  of  a  hall  of  sufficient 
capacity,  aud  it  is  thought  that  $50,000  would  accomplish  this  desirable 
work. 

adjutant-general's  department. 

The  Adjutant-General  reports  an  increasing  interest  in  the  militia  in 
many  States.  Whenever  requested,  the  department  sends  officers  ot 
the  Army  to  State  encampments  to  inspect  them  and  to  render  such 
assistance  as  may  properly  be  given.  The  State  military  authorities 
are  furnished  with  a  sufficient  number  of  copies  of  the  new  Army  Eeg- 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  307 

ulations,  and  it  is  recommended  that  the  Adjutant-General  be  author- 
ized to  send  out  also  tactical  works,  blank  forms,  and  such  books  pre- 
scribed ibr  the  Army  as  will  be  useful  in  perfecting  volunteer  military 
organizations. 

The  reports  of  the  several  officers  performing  the  duties  of  professors 
of  tactics  and  military  science  afibrd  proof  of  the  beneficial  results  to 
the  students  of  a  system  blending  military  instruction  with  the  regular 
studies  of  a  collegiate  course.  The  average  number  of  pupils  at  the 
several  military  colleges  and  universities  during  the  past  year  was  4,060, 
and,  omitting  attendance  at  recitations  and  lectures  on  military  subjects 
of  interest,  the  following  figures  represent  the  average  attendance  at 
drills :  Artillery  drills,  529  ;  infantry  drills,  2,504,  or  nearly  two-thirds 
of  the  entire  number  of  students.  The  aptitude"  of  the  pupils  is  re- 
ported very  satisfactory,  while  steadily  growing  interest  is  manifested 
by  the  respective  faculties. 

The  Adjutant-General  renews  his  recommendation  that  the  law  should 
be  so  amended  as  to  permit  officers  at  remote  posts  to  emidoy  enlisted 
men  for  domestic  purposes.  As  has  already  been  said,  in  many  remote 
places  no  servants  can  possibly  be  obtained,  and  officers  must  not  only 
cook  their  own  meals  but  groom  their  horses,  or  violate  the  law  as  it  now 
stands.  It  would  seem  clear  that  no  officer  can  habitually  do  such 
work  and  properly  supervise  his  company  and  command ;  and  it  is  re- 
commended that  the  law  be  modified  so  that,  with  the  consent  of  the 
soldier  and  the  approval  of  the  department  commander,  an  officer  may 
be  allowed  the  services  of  an  enlisted  man  of  his  immediate  command, 
the  pay  proper  of  the  soldier  being  withheld  by  the  government  and 
paid  by  the  officer  benefited. 

It  is  also  recommended  that  there  be  restored  the  per  diem  allowance  to 
officers  serving  away  fromtlieir  stations  on  courts-martial  and  military 
boards.  In  many  cases  such  duty  is  an  exceedingly  C-xpeusive  burdeu 
to  an  officer. 

The  Adjutant-General  recommends  that  the  beneficial  legislation  of 
the  last  session  which  substituted  civilian  clerks  for  "  general  service 
enlisted  men"  on  clerical  duty  in  Washington  be  extended  to  include 
clerks  required  at  the  various  military  headquarters  of  the  Army. 

The  calls  ux)on  the  Adjutant-General  for  information  in  pension  and 
other  claims  were  more  in*  number  than  he  could  answer.  The  large 
number  of  new  clerks  are  rapidly  becoming  familiar  with  the  work  re- 
quired, and  less  delay  will  occur  hereafter.  The  work  of  this  character 
done  during  the  year  is  as  follows: 

Number  of  calls  (from  all  sources) : 

On  baud  October  1, 1681 23,748 

Received  during  the  year 17(),  361 

200,  099 

Fiuisbcd  during  the  year ini.'JT? 

Remaining  on  hand  October  1,  1662 45,b22 


308  REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR. 

THE  soldiers'  HOME. 


Tbe  Commissioners  of  the  Soldiers'  Homo  rei^ort  tliat  during  tlie  past 
year  tbe  strictest  economy  in  administering  its  affairs  has  been  necessa- 
rily practiced.  The  exi)enses  of  the  Home  are  increasing  by  reason  of 
the  increase  of  the  number  of  inmates,  ■without  any  corresponding  in- 
crease in  the  income.  The  total  receipts  during  the  last  year  were 
$125,932.13,  and  the  expenditures  8122,889.60.  The  number  of  persons 
receiving  the  benefits  of  the  Home  on  September  30,  1881,  was  588,  and 
on  September  30, 1882,  023. 

GOVERNMENT   HOSPITAL  FOR  THE  INSANE.' 

The  following  is  a  statement  of  the  number  of  persons  committed  to 
the  Government  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  under  the  orders  of  the  Secre- 
tary of  War,  from  October  1,  1881  to  October  1,  1882 : 

Officers  of  the  U.  S.  Army  (retired) 1 

Officers  of  tlie  late  volunteer  service  (U.  S.  Colored  troops) 1 

Enlisted  men  of  the  U.  S.  Army 45 

Late  soldiers  of  tbe  U.  S.  Army 8 

Late  volunteer  soldiers 1 

Inmates  of  the  United  States  Soldiers'  Home 6 

Military  prisoners 5 

Employes  of  the  Quartermaster's  Department 1 

Hosi^ital  matrons , 1 

Total (59 

MILITARY  PRISON. 

The  conduct  of  afi'airs  at  the  Military  Piison  at  Fort  Leavenworth, 
Kansas,  has  been  very  satisfactoiy  during  the  past  year.  The  number 
of  prisoners  on  Jnue  30,  1881,  was  4-47.  During  the  year  339  prisoners 
were  received,  326  were  discharged,  6  escaped,  and  1  died,  leaving  453 
in  prison  on  June  30,  1882. 

Work  in  the  prisoif  shops  has  progressed  favorably,  there  having  been 
nmnufactured  52,109  pairs  of  boots  and  shoes  ;  the  equivalent  of  1,434 
single  sets  of  harness;  30,000  brooms  ;  2,236  barrack  chairs;  and  the 
necessary  packing  boxes  and  crates.  Th^  i>risoners  have  also  done 
much  work  in  building  and  repairing  buildings,  and  in  carrying  on  the 
prison  farm. 

The  regular  inspections  have  been  made  by  the  Board  of  Commis- 
sioners, at  which  the  condition  of  the  prison  and  its  inmates  has  been 
carefully  examined  and  all  comi)]aints  by  luisoners  inquired  iuto 
The  admirable  manner  in  which  this  large  establishment  is  governed 
compels  the  renewal  of  my  recommendation  of  last  year  that  the  officer 
in  charge  shall  be  given  the  local  rank  and  the  pay  and  allowances 
of  a  colonel,  as  only  a  reasonable,  return  for  the  service  he  renders  the 
government. 


REPORT    OP   THE    SECRETARY    OF    WAR.  309 

BUREAU   OF  MILITARY  JUSTICE. 

The  Judge  Advocate  General  reports  the  receipt  and  review  at  liis 
bnrean  of  1,854  records  ol* trials  by  general  courts-martial,  and  the  fur- 
nishing to  the  Secretary  of  War  of  SOI  reports  and  opinions  on  ques- 
tions of  law,  &:c.  There  liave  also  been  furnished  CGI  trans(:rii)ts  of  pro- 
ceedings of  courts  martial  for  the  use  of  the  Pension  Bureau  and  Treas- 
ury Department ;  and  to  parties  tried  238  copies  of  courts-martial  rec- 
ords, containing  D.loG  pages,  have  been  supplied.  Tlie  number  of  trials 
of  enlisted  men  by  inferior  courts  received  and  filed  in  the  different 
military  departments  (excepting  Arizona,  from  which  no  report  was 
received)  is  stated  to  be  8,795. 

The  necessity  of  amending  the  Articles  of  "War  indicated  and  recom- 
mended by  the  Judge- Advocate-General  in  his  last  annual  report  is 
considered,  and  the  recommendation  renewed. 

Extracts  from  reports  of  judge-advocates  and  acting  judge-advocates 
embodying  recommendations  in  various  matters  pertaining  to  the  ad- 
ministration of  military  justice  are  appended  to  the  report. 

quartermaster's  department. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  last  fiscal  year  there  remained  in  the  Treas- 
ury, as  balances  applicable  to  expenses  of  prior  years,  the  sum  of 
$1,705,296.04;  there  was  appropriated  for  the  year  the  sum  of  $11,923,- 
385.83;  the  balance  undrawn  on  June  30,  1882,  was  S  1,182,230.05. 

The  Quartermaster-General  renews  the  recommendation  that  post 
quartermaster  sergeants  be  enlisted  as  assistants  to  the  officers  detailed 
from  the  line  to  i)erform  duty  in  the  Quartermaster's  Department,  and 
also  that  the  officers  of  the  line  serving  as  acting  assistant  quartermas- 
ters be  allowed  the  same  additional  compensation — that  is,  $10  per 
month — as  is  allowed  line  oflicors  detailed  for  duty  in  the  Subsistence 
Department.  The  duties  are  important,  and  I  recommend  that  the  dis- 
crimination be  removed. 

The  Army  has  been,  it  is  believed,  i)romptly  and  comfortably  clothed. 
Improvements  in  articles  of  wear  were  made  from  time  to  time,  as  occa- 
sion required  and  the  department  deemed  essential,  when  the  limited 
appropriation  would  permit. 

Under  the  act  of  jVlarch  3,  1881,  old-pattern  clothing  of  considerable 
value  has  been  transferred  to  the  National  Home  for  Disabled  Yolun- 
teers. 

There  was  furnished  to  Indian  prisoners  of  war  $4,905.18  worth  of 
clothing  and  equipage. 

Under  the  authority  of  Congress,  given  in  special  cases,  the  Secre- 
tary of  War  has  made  loans  of  cam])  and  garrison  equipage,  principally 
tents  and  flags,  to  various  organizations,  at  an  expense  of  $4,753.10  for 
transportation,  damage,  and  loss.  The  stock  of  hospital  tents  has  been 
much  used  in  this  way. 


310  REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR. 

There  were  purchased  1,3G3  cavalry  and  artillery  horses,  the  average 
cost  being  133.48;  and  641  mules,  at  average  cost  of  $138.7G,  and  49 
draught  horses,  at  average  cost  of  $195.29,  were  purchased  for  the 
trains. 

There  were  sold  1,943  horses  and  884  mules,  the  horses  for  $88,174.05 
and  the  mules  for  $30,3*43.97.  The  proceeds  have  been  deposited  in  the 
Treasury,  exceptiiig  the  small  sums  received  from  sales  to  officers. 

There  were  on  hand  July  1,  1881,  20,803  animals,  and  on  June  30, 
]882,  18,940.  There  were  issued  during  the  year  119,384  cords  of  wood 
and  39,902  tons  of  coal. 

Forage  issues  were  as  follows :  585,578  bushels  of  corn ;  835,513  bushels 
of  oats;  123,685  bushels  barley;  90,584  bushels  bran ;  52,814  tons  hay  ; 
21  tons  fodder;  and  2,934  tons  straw. 

,  The  Quartermaster-General  again  calls  attention  to  the  matter  of  issue 
of  fuel  to  officers,  and  earnestly  recommends  that  it  should  be  again 
made  as  before  the  i)assage  of  the  act  of  June  8,  1878.  The  present 
system  of  purchase  by  officers  is  not  convenient,  and  in  many  cases  is  a 
hardship. 

Exhaustive  tests  have  been  made  of  the  various  domestic  and  other 
fuels,  and  a  pamphlet  has  beeu  published  by  autlioiity  of  the  Secretary 
of  War  containing  the  results.  There  have  been  930  contracts  filed  for 
the  various  articles  of  supply  and  for  other  purposes.  There  were  pur- 
chased 40  spring  wagons,  2  drays,  and  25  ambulance  wagons.  The  sup- 
ply of  Army  wagons  on  hand  was  suflicient  for  issne  during  the  year. 
There  have  been  521  stoves  manufactured  at  the  Rock  Island  Arsenal, 
costing  $7,117.15.  The  new  mode  of  lighting  barracks  and  quarters  has 
cost  $81,100,  and  is  believed  to  be  satisfiictory  to  the  Army  generally. 
There  were  on  file  at  the  beginning  of  the  year  12,707  miscellaneous 
claims  and  304  accounts,  and  1,242  claims  and  accounts  were  filed  during 
the  year.  There  remained  on  file  July  1,  1882,  12,762  miscellaneous 
claims  and  220  accounts,  amounting  to  $7,072,329.99.  ■• 

The  Quartermaster's  Department  moved  07,203  persons,  13,185  ani- 
mals, and  122,283  tons  of  material  during  the  year.  The  cost  of  these 
movements  was  $2,702,052.83;  of  which  $584,459.42  have  been  paid  for 
transportation  of  i)ersons;  $1,543,980.4(5  for  freigh't,  «S:c.;  and  accounts 
amounting  to  $033,012.95  were  outstanding  at  the  close  of  the  year,  a 
portion  of  whicli  have  since  been  paid.  Full  statements  will  be  found 
with  the  report  of  the  Quartermaster-General,  showing  the  operations 
to  which  tlie  appropriations  for  transportation  for  the  year  have  been 
applied. 

J  invite  special  attention  to  the  want  of  an  appropriation  to  pay  land- 
grailt  railroads  for  services  rendered  during  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
.'50, 1 881 .  The  act  making  appropriations  for  deficiencies,  &c.,  an)roved 
August  5, 1882,  appropriated  $125,000  for  tlie  ])ur])Ose  named,  bivt.  omits 
to  state  the  year  to  which  it  is  applicable ;  and  unfortunately  a  pro- 
vision in  the  law  prohibits  the  use  of  che  money  for  payment  for  serv- 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  *        311 

ices  reiiflercd  dnriiii;-  tlie  year  1880-'S1.  Fiirtlier  action  of  Conjjress, 
it  is  believed,  will  be  ucces.saiy  to  make  the  sum  available  for  the 
purpose. 

The  amount  due  from  railroads  for  material  purchased 
of  the  department  at  the  close  of  the  war,  remaiiiinj;' 
unsettled  July  1 ,  1881,,  was $1 ,  lOG,  4.^4  55 

luterest  has  accrued  duriu^  the  year  amounting  to 42, 4G1  96 


1,148,8'JC  51 
Credit  for  services  durine;  the  vear  amounte<l  to 1  4C 


Leaving-  due  on  June  30,  1882 1 ,  148,  895  05 

There  have  been  authori/ce<l  119  new  buildiugs,  at  an  estimated  cost 
of  $175,950,  at  military  i)osts  in  tweuty  ditlerent  States  and  Territories. 
Kepairs  throughout  the  country  to  military  buildiugs  have  cost,  it  is 
estimated,  $428,508;  $4,899  have  been  expended  on  account  of  build- 
ings for  school  and  religious  purposes.  Hosi)itals  have  cost  the  depart- 
ment, on  account  of  construction  and  repair,  $74,940. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  fiscal  year  there  were  in  the  office  of  the 
Quartermaster-General,  awaiting  action,  17,791  claims  pi-esented  under 
the  act  of  July  4,  18G4,  amounting  to  $9,570,997.15;  and  124  claims, 
amounting  to  $142,910.05,  which  had  been  presented  to  military  boards 
and  commissious  prior  to  January  1,  1880,  were  called  up  during  the 
year.  There  were  1,389  claims,  amounting  to  $040,037.80,  transmitted 
to  the  Treasury  for  an  allowance  of  $290,340.39  ;  1,030  claims,  amount- 
ing to  $1,30?,7<»0.82,  were  rejected ;  and  16,890  claims,  amounting  to 
$7,771,174.58,  were  awaiting  action  on  June  30,  1882. 

Under  the  i>rovisions  of  the  act  nuiking  appropriations  for  the  legis- 
lative, executive,  and  judicial  expenses  of  the  government,  approved 
August  5, 1882,  for  the  employment  of  «'ertaiu  clerks,  agents,  and  others 
in  tlffe  investigation  of  claims,  twenty-five  agents  have  been  appointed 
by  the  Secretary  of  War  and  sent  out  by  the  Quartermaster-General's 
Office  to  investigate  the  claims,  and  a  corps  of  clerks  are  enjployed  in 
that  office  pre] taring  the  claiuis  for  final  action. 

The  Quartermaster-General  estimates  that,  with  the  present  force  of 
agents,  the  work  of  investigation  of  all  the  claims  arisiug  under  the  act 
of  July  4,  1804,  for  (luaiteruiasti-r's  stores  can  be  closed  <luriiig  rhe  two 
years  succeeding  the  current  fiscal  year. 

During  the  year  the  post  cemetery  at  Saint  Augustiue,  Fla.,  wa.s  de- 
clared a  natioual  military  cemetery,  makiug  81  such  cemeterus  now 
under  the  care  of  the  Quartermaster's  Department,  containing  the 
graves  of  320,763  persons.  The  work  of  i>lacing  head-stones  at  the 
soldiers'  graves  in  private,  village,  and  city  cemeteries,  under  the  ex-. 
istiug  contracts,  is  nearly  coin])leted,  V>ut  there  are  nuiny  graves  in  such 
cemeteries  not  provided  jor.  and  new  contracts  will  have  to  be  entered 
into. 


312  JU-:i'UK'l'    01'    Till'-    .SECKKTARV    OV    ViAtt. 

An  abuiulant  supply  of  water  lias  been  brouglit  into  the  Yicksburg 
Cemetery,  and  the  roadways  leadiug  to  that  und  to  the  Fort  Scott 
Cemetery  liave  been  conijdeted.  Contracts  have  l)een  let  for  building" 
the  roads  to  the  ]\lound  (.-ity  and  the  Xew  Albany  Cemeteries,  author- 
ized by  Congress,  but  the  work  is  not  yet  begun.  The  improvement  of 
the  road  leading  to  the  Marietta  Cemetery  is  desirable;  and  attention 
is  again  called  to  the  condition  of  the  road  between  the  Aqueduct  Bridge 
and  the  Arlington  National  Cemetery,  and  it  is  recommended  that  the 
approaches  to  these  cemeteries  be  improved  by  appropriations  of  Con- 
gress, The  l)urial  space  in  the  Cypress  Hill  National  Cemetery  is  now 
very  limited,  and  it  is  important  that  early  action  be  taken  to  secure 
additional  ground.  The  purchase  of  additional  ground  for  the  Loudon 
Park  Cemetery,  at  Baltimore,  has  been  agreed  upou,  and  the  question 
of  title  is  now  before  the  district  attorney. 

SUBSISTENCE  DEPARTMENT. 

The  report  of  the  Commissary-Grenei-al  of  Subsistence  contains  the 
usual  statistical  information  connected  with  the  administration  of  that 
branch  of  the  public  service.  The  high  price  of  fresh  beef  has  mate- 
rially increased  the  cost  of  subsisting  the  enlisted  men  of  the  Army, 
the  prices  at  which  contracts  for  fresh  beef  for  the  fiscal  year  1883  have 
been  made  being  from  23  to  36  per  cent,  greater  than  the  prices  of  the 
two  preceding  fiscal  years. 

The  special  appropriations  in  February,  March,  and  April,  1882,  for 
the  relief  of  persons  rendered  destitute  by  the  overflow  of  the  Missis- 
sippi River  and  its  tributaries  were,  under  the  direction  of  the  Secre- 
tary of  War,  disbursed  by  the  Subsistence  Department  in  the  purchase 
of  food  for  the  suiferers.  Within  three  days  after  the  first  appropria- 
tion was  made  by  Congress,  a  boat-load  of  provisions  was  on  its  way 
from  Saint  Louis,  Mo.,  to  the  scene  of  destitution,  and  further  relief  was 
afforded  from  time  to  time  with  promptness,  as  tlie  localities  of  aufifer- 
ing  became  known.  The  total  number  of  rations  furnished  was  3,251,- 
000,  at  a  cost  of  8349,958.88.  Of  these  supplies  nearly  two-thirds  were 
distributed  in  Louisiana,  about  one  third  in  Mississippi  and  Arkansas, 
and  the  remainder  (182,000  rations)  in  Missouri,  Illinois,  Kentucky,  and 
Tennessee.  It  may  be  added  here  that,  under  the  authority  of  other 
special  acts,  tents  were  furnished  at  an  expense  of  $9,630.41,  and  steam- 
ers owned  by  the  War  Department  were  used  in  transporting  supplies  at 
an  expense  of  $10,457.28,  nialdug  the  total  cost  of  relief  $369,355!^7. 

The  first  issue  of  supplies  was  made  on  February  27,  and  the  last  on 
May  29,  and  it  is  believed  that  for  a  time  more  than  100,000  persons 
had  no  other  available  means  of  subsistence.  It  is  gratifying  to  state 
.that  althougb  the  work  of  supplying  the  wants  of  the  destitute  was 
done  under  the  most  difficult  circumstances,  and  extended  from  Cairo 
to  New  Orleans  (a  distance  of  more  than  500  miles),  and  waste  was  care- 
fully guarded  against  by  the  continuous  inspections  and  telegraphic 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  318 

reports  of  a  number  of  officers  of  the  Anuy  detailed  to  travel  for  that 
])urpose  alone,  yet  the  ascertainment  of  need  and  promptness  of  sup- 
ply by  the  Subsistence  Department  and  the  thoroughness  of  distribu- 
tion in  detail,  under  the  direction  of  State  officers,  were  such  that  not 
a  single  complaint  of  any  character  came  to  the  department. 

^tEDICAL  DEPARTilENT. 

The  number  of  deaths  of  soldiers  was  101  fi'om  disease  and  8!)  from 
wounds,  accidents,  and  injuries;  being  10  per  1,000  of  mean  strength, 
the  fatal  results  in  cases  treated  being  as  1  to  161. 

The  total  number  of  official  demands  upon  the  Surgeon-General  dur- 
ing the  fiscal  year  for  information  as  to  cause  of  death  in  the  case 
of  deceased  soldiers  and  the  hospital  record  of  invalids  was  61,630, 
being  6,590  in  excess  of  similar  ai)plications  during  the  previous  year; 
21,408  applications  remained  unanswered  July  1,  1881,  making  in  all 
83,038  to  be  disposed  of  during  the  year.  Search  was  made  and  replies 
furaishedto  the  proper  authorities  in  01,079  cases,  leaving  21 ,959  cases 
unanswered.  As  this  is  an  excess  of  only  551  cases  over  the  number 
remaining  on  hand  at  the  date  of  last  report,  it  will  be  seen  that  al- 
though the  Surgeon-General  has  not  been  able  to  make  any  permanent 
decrease  in  tlie  number  accumulated  dui-ing  previous  years,  he  has 
been  able  to  dispose  of  an  increase  of  20,000  cases  over  that  of  the  last 
fiscal  year,  and  has  very  nearly  kept  pace  with  the  increased  require- 
ments of  the  Pension  Office. 

Since  the  addition  to  the  clerical  force  engaged  upon  pension  work 
in  this  office  provided  by  the  act  of  March  3,  1881,  and  mentioned  in 
the  last  report  of  the  Surgeon-General,  there  has  been  not  only  a  con- 
sideuable  increase  in  the  aggregate  number  of  reports  furnished  to  the 
Commissioner  of  Pensions,  but  it  is  gTatifying  to  be  enabled  to  report 
an  increase  in  the  number  of  cases  that  have  been  disposed  of  by  the 
mean  number  of  clerks  exclusively  employed  upon  the  technical  work 
of  searching  the  hospital  records.  This  increase  has  risen  fully  33  per 
cent,  over  and  above  the  average  number  of  cases  searched  each  day 
by  the  same  force  during  the  previous  year;  and  considering  the  fact 
that  the  meii  employed  exhibit  every  degree  of  aptitude  in  learning 
this  peculiar  and  difficult  work,  the  figures  will  serve  to  illustrate  that 
with  a  new  force  only  a  gradual  acquisition  of  skill  is  to  be  anticipated, 
and  that  a  proper  degree  of  accuracy  and  celerity  is  attained  only  by 
great  familiarity  with  these  hospital  records,  supplemented  by  a  special 
and  often  protracted  course  of  training. 

A  progressive  increase  is  observed  in  the  difficulty  of  search  for 
record  of  the  hospital  treatment  of  soldiers  who  served  in  the  late  war. 
As  time  elapses  claimants  appear  to  be  more  than  ever  unable  to  fur- 
nish definite  information  concerning  the  date  and  place  of  their  treat- 
ment ;  yet  this  difficulty  docs  not  arise  from  defective  memory  alone. 
Failore  on  the  part  of  those  prepaiing  declarations  for  pensions  iu 


314         REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR. 

pressing?  inquiries  upon  theso  important  ])oints  is  tlie  cause  of  much 
of  the  delay  bitlierto  cl)arge<l  to  tin;  Surgeon-General's  Office. 

Increasing  demand  for  rei)lies  to  the  Commissioner  of  Pensions  has 
heretofore  prevented  the  detail  of  an^'  saflicient  number  of  clerks  upon 
the  very  inijiortant  work  of  copying  the  large  number  of  worn  and 
mutilated  records  now  on  hand,  and  rapidly  accumulating  in  the  Sur- 
geon-General's Oftice.  With  the  prospective  addition  to  the  clerical 
force,  it  is  intended  that  this  work  shall  at  once  be  taken  up,  and  the 
preservation  of  evidence  contained  in  these  important  volumes  be  made 
secure  by  their  duplication  so  far  as  may  be  practicable  and  consistent 
with  the  object  for  which  the  increase  of  force  is  provided,  viz,  the 
final  adjudication  of  all  pension  claims  within  a  limited  number  of 
years. 

The  subject  of  a  complete  al]3habetical  index  of  all  names  lx)rue  on 
the  records  of  this  ofiice  has  been  under  consideration  for  several  years, 
but  after  mature  deliberation  it  is  concluded  that  the  task  is  impossible 
of  accomplishment  without  an  entire  suspension  of  all  ordinary  busi- 
ness. 

On  the  registers-in-chief  of  hospitals  there  have  been  enumerated 
7,413,847  names  of  sick,  wounded,  and  deceased  soldiers;  and  when 
it  is  considered  that  these  are  contained  in  less  than  one-fourth  of  the 
number  of  volumes  known  to  be  on  file,  the  magnitude  of  the  work 
projected  will  be  more  jilstly  appreciated.  Of  the  names  above  referred 
to  1,172,122  are  now  arranged  in  alphabetical  order;  l,287,o04  are  in- 
dexed; 146,920  are  partially  indexed;  534,507  names  are  arranged  in 
the  order  of  States  or  regiments;  and  70,559  in  order  of  companies; 
making  a  grand  total  of  3,220,012  names  that  may  be  said  to  be  filed  in 
convenient  shape  for  e very-day  reference. 

Classified  returns  of  wounds  and  injuries',  together  with  lists  of 
wounded,  are  reported  as  ha\ing  been  received  of  10  engagements  with 
hostile  Indians,  in  which  28  soldiers  were  killed  and  22  wounded. 

The  money  value  of  medical  and  hospital  supplies  issued  during  the 
year  was  $181,333.80.  Owing  to  the  exhaustion  of  the  supplies  of  a 
durable  nature  left  on  hand  at  the  close  of  the  war  of  the  rebellion,  an 
increased  api)ropriation  will  be  necessary  for  the  Medical  Department 
during  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1884,  and  estimates  will  be  sub- 
mitted accordingly. 

Attention  is  invited  to  the  law  governing  the  issue  of  trusses,  in  the 
carrying  out  of  whi(;h  souje  cases  of  hardship  are  found.  Persons  who 
held  commissions  as  officers  and  all  persons  who  were  disabled  previ- 
ous to  the  war  for  the  suppression  of  the  rebellion  are  absolutely,  and 
those  disabled  subsequently  to  this  war  are  in-actically,  excluded  fi'om 
the  benefits  of  these  laws,  although  these  persons  are  pensioned  on  ac- 
count of  hernia. 

it  is  desirable  that  the  issue  of  trusses  shall  correspond  to  the  issue 
of  artificial  limbs,  as  was  probably  the  intention  of  Congress ;  that  is, 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR,  315 

that  Ji  truss  sliall  bo  funiisliod  to  every  one  who  is  ruptured  in  the  line 
of  his  duty  while  sei\'iii4J  in  the  Army  or  Navy. 

The  library  of  the  Surgeou-Geueral's  OJtice  is  de\'oted  entirely  to 
medicine  and  its  branches,  no  purchases  bein<^  made  of  books  belong- 
ing to  general  or  miscellaneous  literature.  The  works  in  it  are  not 
du])licated  in  any  other  library  in  Washington,  excei)tin^  only  those 
copyright  An)erican  medical  books  of  which  specimens  aie  deposited 
with  the  Libi-nry  of  Congress.  Many  of  these  are  also  ])rosented  to 
this  library,  so  that  this  small  «luplication  causes  very  little  exi)ense. 
No  advantage  would  accrue  hoMi  merging  this  library  with  any  other; 
its  size  and  imjiortance,  and  tlie  demands  made  u])on  it,  being-  such  as 
to  require  the  services  of  a  specially  skilled  medical  .officer  to  make  it 
as  usefnl  as  it  sliould  be,  ajid  to  i)reserve  for  it  the  interest  of  the 
me<lical  i»rofcssion  of  the  country,  to  which  miu'h  of  its  comjdeteness 
is  due.  This  library  now  contains  about  57,0011  volimies  and  (>;',700 
pamphlets. 

The  use  of  the  libiary  by  the  me<lical  i)rofession  throughout  the 
couutrj'  is  steadily  increasing,  and  the  requests  for  information  made 
upon  it  involve  much  resenrch  and  extensive  correspondence. 

The  attention  of  Congress  is  again  invited  to  the  gieat  necessity  for 
a  lire-i)roof  building  suitable  for  the  proper  accommodation  of  the 
Army  Medical  Museum  collection  and  the  library,  which  yearly  grows 
more  imperative. 

The  ])resent  building  is  over-(;rowde(f  and  unsuitnble  for  the  purposes 
intended,  while  its  general  insecurity  ag:;iinst  accident  and  tire  places 
in  extreme  jeopardy  collections  which,  if  destroyed,  would  be  an  irre- 
parable loss  not  only  to  the  United  States  but  to  the  world. 

The  museum  has  attained  a  world-wide  celebrity,  is  second  to  none 
in  the  number  and  value  of  specimens  illustrating-  militujy  .surgery  and 
the  diseases  of  armies,  while  its  sphere  of  ])ra(!tical  usefulness  to  the 
medical  piolession  of  the  country  is  unlimited.  It  is  therefore  hoped 
that  Congress  may  be  induced  to  apprecMate  its  great  value  and  import- 
ance and  provide  lor  the  tire-i)roof  building  required  to  jdace  the  collec- 
tions beyond  the  chance  of  loss  oi-  injury. 

PAY  DEPARTMENT. 

The  Paymaster-deneral  re])orts  that  all  money  on  hand  at  the 
end  of  the  last  fiscal  year,  and  since  received,  amounting;,  in  all,  to 
.Sl5,13L*,2ir».r)7,  is  accounted  for  witliout  loss. 

lie  recomnuMids  the  re]»eal  of  the  provision  in  the  act  of  July  24,  187G, 
which  forbids  i)ayMient  of  mileage  over  land-grant  railr<»ads.  ISlileage 
is  an  allowance  to  ollicers  to  cover  necessary  expenses  while  traveling- 
in  the  performance  of  their  duties.  The  actual  cost  of  transjHU'tation 
forms  only  apart  oi'  (hesc  expenses;  the  othei-sgoon  whether  tht^y  travel 
over  a  land-grant  road  or  not.  With  the  nu'asuie  of  allowan<'e  now  re- 
duced to  a  minininm,  it  causes  loss  and  inconvenience  to  ollicers  to  be 


316  liErOK'T    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    WAR. 

compelled  to  bear  the  otlior  exix-iisi'S  incidont  to  their  travelin;;-  without 
reimburseineiit,  while  the  .small  advantaj^e  aecrning  therefrom  to  the 
United  States  is  inconsiderable. 

It  is  desirable  that  ])aymastors  should  be  notilied  within  a  reasonable 
period,  say  ojw  year,  from  the  time  payments  are  actually  made,  of  the 
condition  of  their  accounts  in  the  hands  of  the  Auditor  and  Comptroller. 
It  is  not  unusual  for  two  years  and  over  to  elapse  before  they  are  noti- 
lied of  errors ;  meantime,  oHicers  who  should  refund  may  have  dictl, 
resigned,  or  been  discharged  the  service. 

The  enlisted  men  of  the  Army  still  continue,  to  a  large  extent,  to 
avail  tliemselves  of  the  benefits  of  the  deposit  system,  and  it  is  believed 
that  its  influence  tends  to  encourage  habits  of  economy  and  check  deser- 
tion. The  system  has  been  in  operation  forten  years,  and  during  that 
time  the  sum  of  $3,813,081.78  has  been  received  on  deposit.  The  repay- 
ments during  the  same  period  amount  to  $2,766,613.27,  leaving  at  the 
close  of  the  fiscal  year  the  sum  of  $1,046,468.51  still  on  deposit.  While 
the  amount  deposited  last  year  (8448,566.83)  was  less  than  the  amount 
deposited  during  the  previous  year,  it  is  noticed  that  the  average  amount 
of  each  deposit  is  larger  and  the  number  of  deposits  less. 

It  is  good  policy,  I  think,  to  encourage  small  deposits,  and  to  that 
end  I  would  recommend  that  the  act  of  May  15,  1872,  be  so  amended  as 
to  allow  interest  on  the  minimum  deposit  ($5)  from  the  date  of  deposit, 
provided  it  shall  be  deposited  six  months  prior  to  date  of  discharge. 
The  signal  success  which  has  attended  the  operations  of  the  act  of  May 
15,  1872,  establishing  a  system  of  deposits  for  enlisted  men,  prompts 
me  to  recommend  that  the  benefits  of  that  act  be  extended  to  the  com- 
missioned officers  of  the  Army. 

ENGINEER  BUREAU. 

Attention  is  invited  to  that  part  of  the  report  of  the  Chief  of  Engi- 
neers which  refers  to  our  sea-coast  defenses.  I  fully  concur  in  his  view 
that  we  have  too  long  neglected  the  question  of  providing  for  the  safety 
of  our  harbors  and  maritime  cities,  our  navy  yards,  and  arsenals  of  sup- 
ply in  case  of  foreign  war.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  such  war  is  fiir  dfs- 
tant,  but  we  should  impress  ourselves  with  the  fact  that  in  these  days 
wars  often  come  suddenly  and  when  least  expected.  If  armies  alone 
could  prevent  the  destruction  of  maritime  cities  by  hostile  iron-clad 
fleets,  or  if  the  defenses  could  be  improvised  in  a  few  weeks  or  months, 
the  question  of  defense  might  perhaps  be  deferred ;  but  armies  without 
the  aid  of  fortifications  and  their  accessories  are  powerless  against  such 
fleets,  and  modern  sea-coast  defenses  require  many  years  for  their  con- 
struction. 

I  also  invite  attention  to  that  part  of  the  report  of  the  Chief  of  Engi- 
neers which  speaks  of  the  needs  of  our  torpedo  system,  and  the  impor- 
tance of  providing  means  for  connecting  our  torpedo  lines  with  the 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  317 

iDstruments  used  for  firing  them,  wbich  must  be  placed  withiu  our  for- 
tifications on  shore.     Such  meaus  exist  only  in  a  few  of  our  harbors. 

I  concur  also  in  his  judgment  respecting  an  increase  of  the  strength 
of  the  Engineer  Battalion  to  520  men,  the  minimum  number  consistent 
with  reasonable  efficiency.  As  stated  in  my  last  annual  report,  the 
work  of  engineer  troops  is  more  technical  than  is  required  in  any  other 
])art  of  the  Army ;  and  while  this  is  so,  they  are  regular  soldiers,  thor- 
oughly instructed  in  infantry  tactics,  and  are  as  available  in  an  emer- 
gency as  any  other  troops  of  the  line  for  any  duty  that  may  be  required 
of  soldiers.  On  our  torpedo  service  much  will  depend  iu  future  wars, 
and  520  men  in  training  for  that  service,  for  all  our  coasts  and  all  our 
harbors,  seems  but  a  small  number,  and  the  desire  of  the  Chief  of  En- 
gineers for  an  increase  of  320  men  above  the  200  to  which  the  battalion 
is  limited  by  orders,  under  the  reduction  of  the  Army  to  25,000  men.  is 
a  reasonable  one,  and  should  be  granted.  No  increase  of  officers  is  nec- 
essary; simply  a  provision  of  law  authorizing  the  recruitment  of  the 
Engineer  Battalion  by  the  number  necessary  to  raise  its  strength  to  520 
enlisted  men,  this  number  to  be  in  addition  to  the  25,000  men  who  now 
constitute  the  entire  Army.  The  maximum  strength  of  the  battalion, 
as  authorized  by  existing  law,  is  752,  or  232  more  than  the  strength 
recommended. 

The  funds  with  which  the  works  for  the  improvement  of  rivers  and 
harbors  were  prosecuted  during  the  past  fiscal  year  were  derived  from 
the  appropriations  of  the  act  of  March  3,  1881,  and  balances  remaining 
unexpended  of  previous  appropriations,  the  total  amount  available  for 
expenditure  on  July  1,  1881,  being  816,379,020.87. 

For  information  relating  to  the  improvements  in  progi'ess  reference 
may  be  made  to  the  report  of  the  Chief  of  Engineers,  which  contains 
a  detailed  account  of  the  steps  taken  to  can-y  out  the  provisions  of  law 
and  of  the  progress  and  condition  of  these  M'orks. 

As  regards  the  surveys  of  rivers  and  harbors  called  for  by  the  act  of 
August  2,  1882,  the  preliminary  examinations  are  iu  progress,  as  re- 
quired and  provided  for  in  that  act,  to  ascertain  and  determiue  which 
of  the  localities  enumerated  are  worthy  of  impro\'ement  and  the  work 
a  public  necessity,  and  such  surveys  as  may  be  found  to  come  within 
the  provisions  of  the  act  Avill  be  at  once  undertiiken.  The  reports 
thereon  will  be  submitted  to  Congress  from  time  to  time  during  the 
ensuing  session  as  far  as  received. 

Preliminary  arrangements  are  still  incomplete  and  in  progress  under 
the  direction  and  supervision  of  Mr.  ]\r.  J.  Adams,  the  inventor,  for 
maldng  a  practical  test  of  a  flume  for  increasing  the  depth  of  water  in 
the  Mississippi,  for  which  the  sum  of  $20,000  was  provided  by  act  of 
March  3,  1879,  and  a  further  sum  of  $8,000  by  act  of  August  2,  1882. 

A  report  upon  the  progress  made  since  Jaiuiary,  1881,  by  the  Mis- 
sissippi River  Commission  in  carrying  out  the  work  intrusted  to  it 
was  transmitted  to  Congress  December  14,  1881.    The  subsequent  pro- 


318         REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR. 

gress  of  that  important  work  will  be  made  the  subject  of  a  special  com- 
munication to  Congress  at  an  early  period  of  the  ensuing  session. 

The  final  report  on  tlio  survey  of  the  northern  and  northwestern  lakes 
has  been  completed,  and  is  now  in  the  hands  of  the  printer. 

Office  work  has  been  continued  in  completing  the  maps  and  rei)orts 
connected  with  the  survey  of  the  territory  of  the  United  States  west  of 
the  one  hundredth  meridian.     Seven  atlas  sheets  have  been  finished. 

In  the  different  military  divisions  and  departments  eight  officers  of 
the  Corps  of  Engineers  are  employed  in  making  surveys ;  in  collecting 
and  compiling  notes,  sketches,  and  maps  made  by  officers  of  the  Army 
on  their  scouts  and  campaigns.  In  this  way  the  maps  required  for  the 
use  of  the  War  Department  are  perfected,  and  for  many  localities  these 
War  Department  maps  are  the  only  ones  that  are  available  for  the  use 
of  other  Executive  Departments  and  Congress.  Tliere  is  a  great  demand 
for  them  from  citizens  for  use  in  the  location  of  railroads,  mines,  and 
valuable  lands. 

The  appropriation  of  $50,000  to  be  used  in  continuing  these  surveys, 
and  for  publication  of  maps  for  the  use  of  the  War  Dejiartment,  is  earn- 
estly recommended. 

IMPROVEMENT  OF  THE   SOUTH    PASS  OF   THE  MISSISSIPPI  RIVER. 

The  last  annual  report  from  this  department  brought  the  history  of  this 
work  to  August  13,  1881.  During  the  three  quarters  from  August  14, 
1881,  to  May  13,  1882,  botli  dates  inclusive,  the  channel  required  by 
law  was  maintained  without  interruption.  During  the  fourth  quarter, 
from  May  14,  1882,  to  September  9,  1882,  both  dates  inclusive,  there 
were  excluded  from  computation  twenty-seven  days  in  which  the  re- 
quired depth  of  channel  was  not  maintained. 

Four  quarterly  payments  of  $25,000  each  for  maintenance,  and  two 
semi-annual  payments  of  $25,000  each  for  interest  on  the  $1,000,000 
retained,  have  accordingly  been  made  to  Mr.  Eads.  The  total  expen- 
ditures of  the  government  up  to  the  latter  date,  on  account  of  this 
improvement,  is  $4,700,000. 

ORDNANCE  DEPARTMENT. 

The  report  of  the  Chief  of  Ordnance  shows  that  on  June  30,  1882, 
there  were  on  hand  53,542  small  arms,  as  a  reserve  supply,  being  an  in- 
crease of  about  l(j,000  during  the  year. 

The  Springfield  breech-loading  arms  still  continue  to  give  satisfaction 
to  the  Army.  As  a  single  breech-loader  for  troops  it  has  no  superior, 
and  it  is  confidently  believed  that  it  will  hold  its  place  until  it  is  super- 
seded bj'  a  magazine  gun. 

Congress  at  its  last  session  provided  for  the  manufacture  or  purchase 
of  a  limited  number  of  magazine  guns,  should  any  be  recommended 
by  the  board  then  in  session  and  authorized  by  the  previous  Congress. 
That  board  assembled  on  the  5th  of  July,  1881,  and  continued  in  ses- 
sion until  September  30,  1882— a  period  of  fifteen  months — when  its 


EEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.         319 

report  -was  submitted.  Forty  guiis  on  thirteen  dififerent  systems,  some 
being  duplicates  or  modifications  of  others,  were  tried  by  the  board 
and  subjected  to  certain  tests.  These  forty  guns  were  finally  reduced 
to  six,  which  were  put  through  severe  supplementary  tests,  and  the 
three  guns  that  stood  all  the  tests  most  successfully  and  satisfactorily 
were  rcconiracnde<l  as  "suitable  for  the  military  service."  The  guns, 
recommended  in  the  order  named,  are  the  Lee,  the  Chaflee-Keece,  and 
the  Hotchkiss,  and  they  represent  the  different  systems  of  the  detacha- 
ble and  fixed  magazines. 

These  recommendations  of  the  board  have  been  approved  by  me, 
au<i  steps  will  be  taken  to  provide  the  guns  as  soon  as  the  necessary 
information  is  obtained  upon  Avhich  to  take  action. 

To  increase  the  interest  in  target  practice,  the  department  has  pro- 
vided suitably  inscribed  gold  and  silver  medals,  to  be  awarded  to  the 
successful  marksmen  in  the  department,  division,  and  Army  contests — 
to  become  the  absolute  property  of  the  winners.  These  medals  are 
prepared  at  the  Philadelphia  Mint,  and  are  very  creditable  in  design 
and  finish,  and  will,  no  doubt,  give  the  greatest  satisfaction  to  the 
recipients  and  the  Army.  The  last  medals  ordered  are  promised  in 
three  months,  the  preparation  of  the  dies  being  delayed  by  other  more 
important  work.  Xext  year,  and  thereafter,  the  medals  Mill  be  ready 
before  the  contests  begin,  and  their  delivery  to  the  successful  men  nuiy 
be  made  on  the  spot. 

The  very  important  question  of  arming  our  fortifications  has  received 
much  attention  during  the  past  year.  The  Chief  of  Ordnance  submits 
several  reports  of  the  Ordnance  Board  on  tests  and  proofs  of  guns  and 
projectiles. 

The  four  12-inch  rifles  that  were  contracted  for  under  act  of  IVIay  4, 
1880,  have  not  been  made.  The  design  contemplated  guns  of  cast- 
iron,  with  wrought-iron  tubes  and  steel  breech  receivers,  on  the  Krupp 
system.  These  receivers  had  to  bo  ordered  from  abroad,  but  when  re- 
ceived and  carefully  tested,  the  metal  not  being  uj)  to  the  standard, 
they  were  rejected.  Further  work  on  the  preparations  for  making  the 
guns  was  suspended,  to  await  the  report  of  the  Getty  Board  and  the 
action  of  Congress  on  the  board's  recommendations. 

The  "act  making  appropriations  for  fortifications  aiul  other  works 
of  defense,  and  for  the  armament  thereof,  for  the  fiscal  year  ending 
June  lU),  1882,  and  for  other  i)urposes,"  approved  ]\Iareh  3,  18S1, 
provides: 

And  the  Prosidont.  is  iiutlimizcd  to  Boloct  a  l)oard,  to  consist  of  ono  engineer  officer, 
two  ordnance  officers,  and  two  olliccra  of  artillery,  wlioso  duty  it  sliail  be  to  make  ex- 
aminations of  all  inventions  of  heavy  ordnance  and  improvements  of  lieavy  ordnance 
and  ])rojectilf,s  that  may  he  presented  to  them,  inclnding  gnus  now  Ijcinsx  constrnctod 
or  converted  nndiir  direction  of  llie  Ordnance  Bnrean ;  and  said  hoard  shall  make  de- 
tailed report  to  the  Secretary  of  War,  for  transmission  to  Congress,  of  such  examina- 
tion, with  recommendation  as  to  what  inventions  are  worthy  of  actual  test,  and  the 
ostitnated  cost  of  such  tost;  and  the  sum  of  twenty-tivo  thousand  dollars,  or  so  much 
thereof  as  may  be  necessary,  is  hereby  appropriated  for  auch  purpose. 


320  REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR. 

Fnder  this  act  a  board  was  convened,  and  after  laborious  sessions, 
extending  through  ten  months,  made  its  report  May  18,  1882.  The 
board,  in  its  report,  recommendeti  for  trial,  and  for  construction  and 
trial,  ten  guns,  which  are  described  in  the  report  of  the  Chief  of  Ord- 
nance. This  report  was  transmitted  to  Congress  May  29,  ]882,  but  no 
action  was  taken  by  Congress  at  its  last  session  to  carry  out  the  recom- 
mendations of  the  board.  These  recommendations  are  now  before 
CoHgress  for  its  action,  and  it  is  considered  that  the  recent  appointment 
by  the  Senate  of  a  select  committee  "to  take  into  consideration  the 
subject  of  heavy  ordnance  and  projectiles  for  the  armament  of  the 
Navy  and  the  sea-coast  defenses,"  and  who  are  to  report  "to  the  Senate 
at  its  next  session,"  make  it  proper  for  the  department  to  await  the 
action  of  Congress  before  entering  on  the  manufacture  or  conversion  of 
heavy  cannon. 

With  the  very  pressing  need  for  sea-coast  armament  constantly  before 
us,  it  should  seem  exi^edient  to  take  every  advantage  of  our  own  re- 
sources to  help  provide  for  our  wants.  It  will  doubtless  be  practicable 
for  us  to  produce  rifled  guns  of  Tnoderaie  power  even  from  cast-iron, 
provided  the  cast-iron  be  suitably  strengthened  with  steel  hoops — or, 
better,  with  hoops  on  the  exterior  and  a  steel  tube  on  the  interior. 
Such  guns,  however,  are  very  heavy  in  proportion  to  their  power.  The 
substitution  of  steel  wire  for  the  hoops  would  seem  to  be  an  advan- 
tageous modification,  and  its  trial,  as  recommended  by  the  board, 
promises  important  results.  A  similar  plan  is  now  being  tried  with 
experimental  cast-iron  guns,  in  France. 

It  is  the  opinion  of  the  Chief  of  Ordnance  that  the  material  out  of 
which,  full-power  guns  must  be  made  is  unquestionably  steel.    He  says: 

All  the  firsfc-class  powers  of  Europe  have  adopted  it.  Even  those  that  have  spent 
more  millions  than  we  have  thousands  in  the  effort  to  deteiTaine  on  the  most  reliable 
metal  for  gun  construction  are  abandoning  cast  and  wrought  iron,  either  simple  or  in 
combination  with  other  metals,  and  are  now  devoting  their  attention  to  steel,  and  to 
steel  alone.  The  marvelous  strides  in  gun  construction  made  within  a  year  or  two  in 
the  manufacture  of  guns  of  great  strength  and  high  power,  point  to  the  conclusion  that 
erjcouragemen  fc  should  be  given  in  every  way  possible  to  the  manufacture  of  steel  in 
large  masses  suitable  for  this  piU^DOse.  At  present  tentative  efforts  have  developed  but 
little  to  encourage  the  hope  that  steel  guns  for  coast  defense  can  be  produced  in  this 
country.  The  use  of  wire-wound  guns,  if  they  prove  as  successful  as  recent  experi- 
ments here  and  abroad  make  us  hope,  will  greatly  simplify  the  problem  by  limiting  the 
number  and  size  of  the  steel  masses  needed,  while  the  wire  itself  can  be  now  procured 
from  our  own  manufacturers.  Under  the  most  favorable  circumstances,  however,  the 
country  is  in  no  condition  at  this  time  to  undertake  such  construction  wholly  out  of 
home  products,  and  the  subject  is  of  sufiScient  importance  to  arrest  the  att«ntion  and 
receive  the  careful  consideration  of  Congress.  This  subject  can  only  be  successfully 
met  either  by  establishing  a  national  foundry  or  by  assisting  and  encouraging  private 
foundries  to  procure  the  necessary  plant  and  experience. 

The  report,  by  the  commanding  officer  of  the  Watertown  Arsenal, 
of  tests  of  iron  and  steel,  and  other  materials  for  industrial  purposes, 
made  during  the  last  fiscal  year,  has  been  received,  and  will  be  sub- 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  321 

mitted  for  transmission  to  Congress  at  tli<^  opening  of  the  next  session, 
ys  provided  by  law. 

The  results  given  by  the  testing  machine  are  for  the  benefit  of  the 
whole  country,  and  the  people  should  be  permitted  to  utilize  the  results 
as  fast  as  they  are  obtained.  This  can  only  be  effected  by  their  imme- 
diate publication,  and  it  is  recommended  that  this  be  authorized. 

To  more  completely  arm  and  equip  the  whole  body  of  the  militia,  as 
conteniplated  by  the  act  of  1808,  making  an  annual  a])propriation  of 
$200,000,  that  amount  should  be  largely  increased.  The  bill  (S.  159G) 
reported  from  the  Senate  Committee  on  Military  Aflairs,  and  now  on 
the  calendar,  provides  for  a  substantial  increase  to  this  appropriation, 
and  contains  other  important  provisions  which  it  is  believed  would 
resnlt  in  the  greatest  benefit  to  the  militia. 

Our  standing  Army  is  a  small  one.  For  the  defense  of  the  country 
our  main  de])endence  is  on  our  militia.  Volunteer  organizations  in  every 
State  and  Territory  should  be  encouraged,  and  every  efitbrt  made  to 
promote  their  efficiency  in  drill  and  discipline  and  make  them  skillful 
in  the  use  of  their  arms.  It  is  the  best  way,  and  the  only  way,  to  ren- 
der them  a  sure  and  safe  reliance  on  the  breaking  out  of  war  before 
campaigning  has  inured  them  to  hard  ser^'ice  and  disciplined  them  into 
old  soldiers. 

It  is  earnestly  recommended  that  the  special  attention  of  Congress 
be  invited  to  this  subject,  in  order  that  the  bill  above  quoted  may  re- 
ceive favorable  consideration  at  the  ensuing  session. 

REPORT   OF  THE  CHIEF  SIGNAL,  OFFICER. 

The  Weather  Bureau  continues  the  work  of  which  a  summary  was 
given  in  my  last  report.  Additional  work  of  a  similar  character  has 
during  the  year  been  undertaken, 'and  its  field  of  operations  is  con- 
stantly being  extended.  Full  details  will  be  fouiul  in  the  report  of  the 
Chief  Signal  Officer. 

The  school  of  instruction  for  Signal  Service  enlisted  men  has  been 
maintained  at  Fort  IMyer,  near  Washington,  but  the  sending  to  it  of 
officers  of  the  Army  for  instruction  has  been  discontinued,  for  the 
reason  that  no  considerable  number  of  officers  could  bo  spared  from 
their  military  duties  for  the  purpose ;  and  it  is  thought  that  enough 
military  signaling  for  Army  uses  can  be  taught  at  West  Point,  the 
Artillery  School  at  Fortress  Monroe,  and  the  Cavalry  and  Infantry 
School  at  Fort  Leavenworth,  as  an  incidental  study,  without  separating 
officers  from  their  commands. 

Two  Arctic  exi)editi()ns  were  sent  out  in  the  summer  of  1881,  under 
the  direction  of  the  Chief  Signal  Officer.  These  expeditions  were  sent 
to  establish  stations  for  the  carrying  out  of  the  first  systematic  plan 
ever  put  in  operation  for  the  study  of  the  meteorology  of  the  extreme 
north. 

An  international  geographical  congi-ess  held  at  Hamburg  in  1879,  at 
LM  Ab 


322  RErORT  OF  Tin5  SECRETARY  OF  WAR. 

wlii(;li  (l«'U'g;ite8  were  i)resent  fiom  France,  GeriDjiDy,  Kussia,  Austria, 
and  Hungary,  ])enniaik,  the  Nctlieilands,  and  Norway  and  Sweden, 
adopted  a  plan  for  this  work.  At  a  subsequent  congress  held  at  St. 
Petersburg-,  in  August,  1881,  the  details  were  arranged,  and  assurances 
were  given  that  the  countries  interested  would  co-operate. 

The  station  at  Point  Barrow  is  at  the  most  northern  point  of  Alaska, 
in  latitude  71°  27'  K.,  longitude  loCP  15'  W.  The  party  consists  of 
First  Lieut.  P.  H.  Ray,  Eighth  Infantry,  one  acting  assistant  surgeon, 
three  enlisted  men,  and  five  civilian  employes.  The  exi)edition  sailed 
from  San -Francisco  on  July  18,  1881,  and  readied  the  station  on  Sep- 
tember 8th  following.  The  station  i«  supplied  with  an  abundance  of 
stores,  and  everything  needful  for  the  prosecution  of  the  work  under- 
taken, provided  the  sujjplies  shall  be  renewed  each  year. 

The  station  at  Lady  Franklin  Bay  is  the  most  northern  one  in  the 
chain  of  international  posts  of  observation.  It  is  in  latitude  IST.  81°  44', 
AV.  04°  30'.  The  party  consists  of  three  ofQcers  of  the  Arniy,  one 
acting  assistant  surgeoa  and  naturalist,  and  eighteen  enlisted  men, 
and  is  umler  the  command  of  First  Lieut.  A.  W.  Greely,  Fifth  Cavalry, 
acting  signal  oflicer  and  assistant. 

During  the  first  session  of  the  47th  Congress  an  act  was  passed  (act 
of  June  27,  1882)  appropriating  $33,000  for  the  supply  and  relief  of 
Lieutenant  Greely  and  party.  The  supply  expedition  was  promptly 
sent,  but  the  vessel  was  prevented  b}-  ice  from  communicating  with 
the  party,  and  returned,  after  depositing  a  large  quantity  of  stores  in 
a  manner  which  had  been  agreed  upon  with  Lieutenant  Greely,  in 
anticipation  of  such  a  failure.  A  relief  expedition  must  be  sent  next 
summer,  and  an  appropriation  therefor  is  urgently  recommended. 

About  five  thousand  miles  of  militarj'  telegraph  lines  and  six  hun- 
dred and  ten  miles  of  sea-coast  telegraph  lines  are  operated  by  the 
Chief  Signal  Officer. 

The  total  number  of  stations  in  operation  June  30,  1882,  within  the 
territory  of  the  United  States,  and  maintained  for  the  Signal  Service, 
was  495,  including  those  upon  the  telegraph  lines  in  charge  of  this 
office  and  the  special  river,  cautionary  display,  cotton-belt,  and  sunset 
stations,  from  which  reports  are  regularl}'  received.  E,e])orts  are  re- 
ceived from  eighteen  additional  stations  established  by  the  authorities 
of  the  Dominion  of  Canada ;  also  from  one  at  St.  John's,  Xew  Found- 
laud,  and  one  at  York  Factory,  British  America.  Telegraphic  reports 
have  been  regularly  received  throughout  the  year  from  one,  and  mail 
reports  from  two,  stations  located  in  the  West  Indian  Islanils,  and 
during  the  season  of  tropical  storms  telegraphic  reports  were  received 
from  five  stations  in  this  region.  The  number  of  stations  from  which 
telegraphic  reports  are  received  daily  is  one  hundred  and  fifty-two. 
Eleven  full  reporting  stations  have  been  established  and  nine  discon- 
tinued during  the  year.  Storm  signals  have  been  displayed  during 
the  year. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.         323 

The  Chief  Signal  Officer  renews  his  recommendation  of  a  distinct 
organization  sufficiently  large  to  perform  the  work  of  the  Weather  Bu- 
reau. In  this  object  I  concur  with  him ;  but  for  reasons,  some  of  which 
are  set  forth  in  my  report  of  last  year,  I  recommend  that  the  "VTeather 
Bureau  be  wholly  separated  from  the  Army  and  from  its  appropriations. 
As  a  step  in  tliis  direction,  and  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of 
tJie  act  of  August  7,  1882,  the  estimates  for  the  next  fiscal  year  will  be 
submitted  asking  for  the  sum  of  $1,351,159.08  to  carry  on  the  work  of 
this  bureau,  which  has  heretofore  been  largely  paid  for  out  of  the  various 
appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army.  It  is  said  that  for  the 
proper  conduct  of  the  work  military  discipline  is  necessary.  To  this  it 
may  be  replied  that  there  is  no  more  reason  for  weather  observers  being 
subject  to  the  Articles  of  War  than  there  is  for  the  numerous  and 
widely  scattered  employes  of  the  Treasury,  Post-Oflice,  and  Interior 
Departments,  or  the  agents  of  express  and  telegraph  companies  being 
so  subject ;  and  in  fact,  out  of  the  number  of  persons — 9G0  in  all — actu- 
ally employed  in  May,  1882,  in  this  work,  388  were  civilians,  and,  in  ad- 
dition, there  were  in  the  year  1881  about  325  voluntary  observers  iu 
regular  correspondence  with  the  Chief  Signal  Officer. 

RECORDS  OF  THE  WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION. 

Five  volumes  of  this  work  have  now  been  published  j  seven  volumes 
are  in  the  hands  of  the  printer,  nearly  completed,  and  succeeding  volumes 
are  being  prepared  as  rapidly  as  possible. 

MONUMENT  AT  TORKTOWN. 

Since  my  last  report  the  title  to  the  land  for  the  monument  directed 
by  the  act  api)roved  June  7,  1880,  to  be  erected  at  Yorktown  has  been 
approved,  and  the  land  purchased  and  cession  thereof  granted  by  the 
State  of  Virginia,  as  required  by  the  act.  These  proceedings  have  been 
so  much  delayed  that,  although  the  work  of  preparing  to  build  the 
monument  is  now  in  active  progress,  nothing  has  since  been  done  at 
the  site. 

BUILDING  FOR  STATE,   WAR,   AND  NAVY  DEFARTIMENTS. 

The  co'istruction  of  this  building,  for  the  accommodation  of  the  State, 
War,  and  Navy  Dopartmonts,  was  conllnod  during  t]i»>  year  to  the  north 
A\  iiig  excliusively — one  of  tlie  portions  of  tlie  building  to  be  used  by  the 
War  Dei)artment.  The  work  has  been  pushed  along  rapidly  and  satis- 
factorily,  and  is  now  in  such  an  advanced  stage  that  its  completion — 
except  the  approaches — and  occupancy  by  DeciMuber  25,  next,  is  an- 
ticipated. 

The  necessity  f<u'  the  early  conii)l<'tion  of  the  west  and  center  wings 
is  evident,  and  the  estimate  of  $500,(>()(J  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  .luno 
oO,  1881,  to  be  api)lied  to  the  work  of  clearing  the  site,  laying  founda- 


324  REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR. 

lions,  iiiul  l)iiil(ling  the  w:\\\k  of  tlie  lower  stories,  and  to  prevent  delay 
or  intorniption  in  tlio  preparation  of  tlio  granite,  is  rcoonnnonded  for 
favoraI)lc  consideration. 

RETIREMENT  OF   OFFICERS  OF  THE   ARMY. 

Under  the  act  of  Congress  approved  June  18,  1878,  the  letired  list  is 
limited  to  400.  By  the  act  approved  June  30,  1882,  making  appropria- 
tions for  the  support  of  tlio  Army  for  the  current  fiscal  year,  it  is  pro- 
vided, in  substance,  that  an  officer  who  has  served  in  the  Army  40  years 
shall,  if  he  make  api^lication  therefor,  be  placed  on  the  retired  list,  and 
that  when  an  officer  reaches  the  age  of  64  years  he  shall  be  placed  on  the 
retired  list ;  and  that  "no  act  now  in  force  shall  be  so  construed  as  to 
limit  or  restrict  the  retirement  of  officers  as  herein  provided  for."  In 
(jouse<juence  of  the  number  of  retii-ements  caused  by  what  is  called  the 
G4-year  provision,  the  total  number  of  officers  on  the  retired  list  is  about 
420,  being  largely  in  excess  of  the  limit  fixed  by  the  act  of  1878.  It  is  the 
opinion  of  the  Attorney-General  that,  under  existing  laws,  so  long  as 
there  are  400  officers  on  the  retired  list,  from  whatever  cause  they  may 
have  been  retired,  no  officer  can  be  placed  on  that  list  except  one  who 
belongs  to  one  or  the  other  of  the  classes  mentioned  in  the  act  of  1882. 
This  condition  of  affiiirs  is  very  unfortunate  for  the  Army  5  for  there  are 
now  102  officers  on  the  active  list  who  are  incapacitated  for  active  ser- 
^'ice;  18  of  them  have  already  been  recommended  for  retirement  by 
boards  instituted  to  examine  them.  All,  or  nearly  all,  of  the  others  who 
are  named  as  unfitted  for  service  would  be  so  recommended  if  called 
before  a  retiring  board.  Their  absence  from  duty  is  not  only  hurtful  to 
the  Army,  but  imposes  an  undue  share  of  company  work  upon  the  offi- 
cers on  duty. 

It  is  earnestly  recommended  that  the  laws  be  so  amended  as  to  avoid 
the  existing  difficulty. 

HEAVY  ARTILLERY  MILITIA. 

Massachusetts  was  the  only  State  which  took  advantage  of  the  pro- 
visions of  section  2  of  the  act  of  May  19,  1882,  which  reads  as  follows: 

Sec.  2.  That  the  Secretary  of  War  is  hereby  authorized,  at  his  discretion,  to  issue, 
ou  the  requisition  of  a  governor  of  a  State  bordering  on  the  sea  or  gnll"  coast,  and  hav- 
ing a.  permanent  camping-ground  for  the  encampment  of  the  militia,  not  less  than  six 
days  annually,  two  heavy  guns  and  four  mortars,  -with  carriages  and  platforms,  if  such 
can  be  spared,  for  the  proper  instruction  and  practice  of  the  militia  in  heavy  artillery 
drill,  and  for  this  purpose  a  suitable  battery  for  these  cannon  ■will  be  constructed;  and 
for  said  construction  and  the  transportation  of  said  cannon,  and  so  forth,  the  sum  of 
live  thousand  dollars  is  hereby  appropriated  for  supplying  each  State  that  may  so 
ajjply. 

The  department  complied  with  the  requisition  of  the  governor,  made 
under  the  act,  and,  while  no  official  report  has  been  received,  I  am  ad- 
vised that  the  State  authorities  are  highly  satisfied  with  the  result  of 
their  effort  to  train  the  jnilitia  and  to  prepare  them  for  what  might  be 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRET.SRY  OP  WAR.         325 

a  most  important  duty,  and  one  which  tliey  might  be  suddenly  called 
upon  to  perform. 

INTRUSION   INTO   THE   INDIAN  COUNTRY. 

During'  the  past  few  years  the  military  forces  have  been  called  upon 
many  times  to  expel  one  Payne  and  his  followers  from  the  Indian  Ter- 
ritory. Twice  during  the  present  year  has  his  settlement  been  broken 
up,  and  the  department  is  liable  at  any  time  to  be  called  u[)on  to  set 
on  foot  anotlier  expensive  military  expedition  against  him  and  his 
party.  The  only  penalty  for  his  offense  is  the  line  which  may  be  im- 
posed under  section  2148  of  the  Revised  Statutes.  As  I  stated  in  my 
last  rex)ort  he  cares  nothing  for  its  imposition,  as  it  cannot  be  collected. 
It  is  a  very  important  that  an  amendment,  providing  for  imprisonment, 
should  be  made.  Such  an  amendment  would  prevent  his  vexatious 
raids  and  save  a  large  amount  of  money  now  expended  in  reuK)ving 
him  several  times  a  year. 

EDUCATION  IN  THE  ARMY. 

Chaplain  Mullius,  the  officer  in  charge  of  education  in  the  Army, 
reports  that  considerable  progress  has  been  made  in  the  work  of  organ- 
izing and  establishing  post  schools  and  reading  rooms,  and  that  a  con- 
stantly growing  interest  in  their  success  has  been  exhibited  by  both 
officers  and  enlisted  men.  The  average  attendance  at  post  scliools  of 
enlisted  men  during  the  year  was  1,58G,  and  of  children  of  officers, 
enlisted  men,  and  civilians,  1,769;  an  increase  of  G7i  in  the  first  ot 
these  classes,  and  of  379  in  the  latter  class.  The  most  pressing  neces- 
sity  for  giving  effect  to  a  successful  educational  system  in  the  Army  is 
a  supply  of  competent  teachers,  the  experiment  of  detailing  enlisted 
men  for  such  duty  having  proved  unsatisfactory  and  embarrassing. 
The  recommendation  made  by  me  in  my  last  annual  report  that  statu- 
tory authority  be  given  for  tlie  enlistment  of  150  competent  instructors, 
wifh  the  rank  and  pay  of  commissary  sergeants,  is  renewed.  Such  a 
measure  was  fiivorably  reported  upon  by  the  House  Military  Committee 
at  the  last  session  of  Congress,  which  it  is  hoped  may  be  enacted  into  a 
law  at  an  early  day. 

The  libraries  and  post  reading-rooms  have  been  kei)t  well  8upi)lied, 
and  their  benelits  fairly  appreciated.  The  niunber  of  volumes  in  all 
the  libraries  is  45,709,  an  increase  of  1,8L'0  during  the  year. 

In  closing  this  report  I  beg  that  the  attention  of  Congress  may  be 
specially  invited  to  the  estimate  for  salaries  of  employ(?s  in  the  office 
of  the  Secretary.  About  $0,000  increase  over  the  appropriations  for 
the  current  year  is  asked  to  make  the  compensation  of  the  chief  clerk, 
disbursing  clerk,  chiefs  of  divisions,  assistant  chiefs  of  divisions,  and 
stenographer  coinniensurat(M\  ith  the  arduous  duties  perturmcd  by  them. 
From  personal  observation   1  am  satisfied  that  they  deserve  recognitiou 


326       REPORT  OP  •the  secretary  op  war. 

for  tlieir  faithful  services,  and  I  earnestly  recommend  that  the  small 
increase  asked  maybe  appropriated.  The  business  of  the  department 
has  been  constantly  increasing  during  the  last  ten  years,  and  the  aug- 
mentation of  the  clerical  force  for  work  relating  to  pensions  has  de- 
volved upon  the  chief  clerk  and  principal  clerks  in  this  oflice  very 
great  labor,  and  it  is  no  more  than  just  that  they  should  be  given  com- 
pensations somewhat  approaching  those  of  ofi&cers  performing  similar 
duties  iu  the  other  Executive  Departments. 

BOBEllT  T.  LINCOLN,     . 
Secretary  of  War. 


PAPERS 

ACCOMPANYING 

THE  REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR. 


EEPOET  OF  THE  GENERAL  OF  THE  AllMY. 

Headquarters  Army  of  the  United  States, 

WasJtington,  B.  C,  November  6,  1882. 

Sir  :  I  now  have  the  honor  to  submit  this  my  annual  report  for  the  past 
year. 

Prehminary  thereto  I  first  invite  your  attention  to  the  following  in- 
closures : 

1st.  Annual  report  of  Adjutant-General  Drum,  embracing  the  usual 
tables,  "  organization  of  the  Array,"  "  actual  strength  of  the  same," 
"  distribution  of  the  trooi)S,"  "list  of  the  existing  military  divisions,  de- 
partments, and  posts,"  "casualties,"  "assignment  of  recruits,"  &c. 

2d.  Annual  report  of  Inspector-General  Sacket. 

3d.  lieport  of  Lieutenant-General  Sheridan,  commanding  Military 
Division  of  the  Missouri,  including — 

3  A. — lieport  of  Brigadier-General  Terry,  Department  of  Dakota,  with 
snb-rt'port  of  Colonel  linger,  of  the  district  of  Montana. 

3  B. — Report  of  Brigadier-General  Crook,  Department  of  the  Platte. 

3  C. — Report  of  Brigadier-General  Pope,  De])artment  of  the  Missouri. 

3  D. — Report  of  Brigadier-General  Augur,  Department  of  Texas. 
4th.  Report  of  JMajor-General  Hancock,  commanding  ^Military  Divis- 
ion of  the  Atlantic,  including — 

4  A. — Report  of  Brevet  Brigadier-General  Hunt,  Department  of  the 
South. 

5th. — Report  of  Major-General  McDowell,  commanding  ^Military  Div- 
Bion  of  the  Pacific-,  with  inclosure  marked  5  A  A,  and  including — 

5  A. — Report  of  Major-General  McDowell,  Department  of  California. 
5  B. — Reportof  Brigadi(?r-General  Miles,  Department  of  the  Columbia. 
5  C. — Report  of  Brevet  Brigadier-General  Willcox,  Department  of 

Arizona. 

Cth.  Report  of  Brigadier-General  Howard,  Department  of  West  Point 
and  the  Military  Academy. 

7th.  Report  of  Brevet  Major-General  Getty,  Artillery  School  at  Fort 
^Monroe,  Va. 

Sth.  Report  of  Colonel  Otis,  Twentieth  Infantry,  School  of  Applica- 
tion at  Fort  Leavenworth,  Kans. 

These  reports  are  full,  c()m]»lcte,  most  interesting,  and  contain  full 
data  for  a  good  understanding  of  the  actual  conditit)n  of  tlM>  Ainiy,  and 
of  the  public  events  of  which  they  treat.  They  are,  however,  so  volu- 
minous that  to  save  you  the  labor  oi'  jx'rusal  at  this  busy  moment,  1 
will  endeavor  to  give  the  material  figures  and  facts  in  the  most  con- 
densed form. 

The  first  table  i)rej)ared  by  the  Adjutant-Ceneral  gives  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  Army  as  prescribed  by  law.     The  second  the  actual  strength 

327 


32S  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    TlfE 

of  the  Army  from  returns  of  June  .'50  last,  which  may  be  assumed  as 
approximate  now : 

General  ofHocrs 11 

Adjutant-Goiioriil's  Dopailmont  (officers) 17 

In.sp«clor-G(MH'rar.s  Dopartinont  (officers) 5 

linrcan  of  Military  Justice  (ot'ticers) H 

Subsistence  Dei)artnient  (officers) 20 

Quartermaster's  Department  (ol'licers) (i'.i 

Medical  Department,  190  otificers,  148  stewards;  total X)H 

Pay  Department  (officers) ;'>;{ 

Corps  of  Engineers,  108  officers,  193  men;  total _ 301 

Ordnance  Department,  (>0  officers,  395  men  ;  total 4r)o 

Signal  Corps,  7  officers,  480  men  ;  total 487 

Post  cbaplains  (olticers) 25 

Thus  there  are  in  the  general  staff  573  officers  and  1,210  enlisted  men, 
of  wliich  latter  body  the  Engineer  Battalion  of  193  men,  at  Willets 
Point,  N.  Y.,  is  alone  available  for  military  service;  the  remainder, 
though  eminently  necessary,  are  not  subject  to  orders  as  armed  men. 

The  Army  proper  consists  of — 

Ten  regiments  of  cavalry,  431  officers  and  6,383  enlisted  men ;  total, 
6,814. 

Five  regiments  of  artillery,  280  officers  and  2,493  enlisted  men;  total. 

Twenty-five  regiments  of  infantry,  877  oflSicers  and  8,117  enlisted  men ; 
total,  10,767. 

Indian  scouts,  300. 

Thus  the  line  of  the  Army  is  composed  of  1,588  officers  and  17,293  en- 
listed men,  or  an  aggregate  of  18,881. 

Other  detachments  are  reported,  which  are  unquestionably  incident 
to  all  military  establishments,  but  are  unavailable  to  us  for  actual  frou' 
tier  duty, viz : 

Commissary  sergeants 148 

Ordnance  sergeants 114 

West  Point  detachments 204 

Guard  at  raflitary  prison '■''■'> 

Recrnits  at  depots  and  en  route 1,79(> 

Captain  (unattached) 1 

Total  unavailable 2,310 

These  figures  swell  the  grand  aggregate  to  2,162  officers  and  23,024 
enlisted  men,  which  compose  the  Regular  Army  of  to-day.  The  limit  of 
25,000  enlisted  men  is  fixed  bylaw,  but  the  fear  of  exceeding  this  limit, 
or  the  difficulty  of  enlisting  men  in  these  prosperous  times,  has  kept 
the  Army  below  what  the  honor  or  necessity  of  the  country  demands, 
and  I  most  earnestly  advise  that  this  limit  be  changed  to  30,000,  not 
with  the  expectation  of  reaching  that  limit,  but  to  approximate  it,  and 
thereby  make  the  Army^  more  efficient  without  material  increase  of  cost. 
The  experience  of  the  world  is  that  of  an  organized  army  not  ihore 
than  06  per  cent,  can  be  had  for  actual  battle  or  field  service,  and  as* 
experience  demonstrates  that  25,000  soldiers  are  needed  for  the  wants 
of  the  country,  I  ask  for  a  number  which  will  produce  that  result.  At 
present  our  soldiers  are  overworked,  the  companies  are  too  small  for 
discipline  or  decent  appearance,  and  1  honestly  believe  that  the  Army 
has  earned  by  actual  service  this  amount  of  consideration  from  the 
countiy. 

The  Army  as  thus  composed  is  distributed  to  nine  departments,  com- 
manded by  one  major-general,  the  six  brigadier-generals,  and  one  colo- 
nel specially  designated  by  the  President,  and  these  are  grouped  like 


REPOPwT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.         329 

an  army  in  the  licit!  into  three  divisions,  couinianded  by  tiio  lioutenant- 
f:eneial  and  two  of  tlie  three  major-generals,  all  of  whose  reiwrts  are  sub- 
mitted herewith.  These  reports  give  in  sutlieient  detail  the  military 
history  and  changes  of  the  j)ast  year,  whicli  have  been  most  hapi)ily 
uneventful  and  peaceful,  not  wholly  for  want  of  cause,  but  because  a 
force  was  close  at  hand  in  eacli  instance  to  reach  and  punisJi  the  dis- 
turber. 

The  only  serious  disturbance  to  the  public- peace  by  Indians  occurred 
in  Arizona  and  on  the  southwestern  border  of  Xew  ^Mexico  in  April  last, 
as  fully  described  b^'  Brevet  Biigadier-denoral  Willcox  in  liis  report 
herewith,  in  consequence  of  which  his  troops  were  re-enforced  by  the 
Third  Cavalry  from  the  Dei)artment  of  the  Platte  and  the  First  Infan- 
try from  Texas.  Subsequently,  in  July,  another  escajtade  ol'  Ai)aches 
was  attemiited,  but  these  Indians  were  })romptly  ])ursued,  punished, 
and  driven  back  to  their  reservation,  since  which  time  there  has  been 
no  repetition. 

On  the  1st  of  September  the  Department  of  West  Point  was  discon- 
timied  by  order  of  the  President,  and  Col.  Wesley  Merritt  was  appointed 
Superintendent  of  the  Military  Academy  and  commander  of  the  post  of 
West  Point.  Brigadier-General  Howard,  thereby  relieved,  was  ordered 
to  command  the  Department  of  the  Platte,  and  Brigadier-General  Crook 
was  ordered  to  the  Department  of  Arizona.  General  Crook  is  well  known 
to  the  Apaches,  and  to  the  people  of  Arizona,  and  no  further  serious  dan- 
ger is  apprehended  in  that  quarter.  There  have  been  fewer  Indian  dis- 
turbances at  the  Great  West  during  the  past  season  than  in  any  of  the 
past  twenty  years,  partly  owing  to  the  precautious  taken  by  the  i)roper 
officers,  but  in  a  large  measure  due  to  the  unexamplecF  develoi)ment  of 
the  railroads  in  that  region,  and  the  consequent  rapidity  of  settlement  by 
farmers  and  grazers,  wlio  are  generally  prepared  to  defend  their  own  prop- 
erty, ^o  person,  who  has  not  been  across  the  continent  by  the  several 
routes,  can  possibly  comprehend  the  changes  now  in  progress  there. 
l!«rearly  two-thirds  of  the  domain  of  the  United  States  lies  west  of  the 
Mississippi,  and  at  the  close  of  the  civil  war  (JSG5)  the  greater  part  of 
it  was  occupied  by  wild  beasts,  buffalo,  elk,  antelope,  and  deer,  and  by 
wilder  Indians.  Xow,  by  the  indomitable  courage,  indiistiy,  and  tliriftof 
our  people,  this  vast  region  has  become  reduced  to  a  condition  of  com- 
])arative  civilization.  Three  great  railroads  now  traverse  the  continent, 
with  brandies  innumerable,  and  a  fourth  is  making  rapid  progress. 
States,  Territories,  cities,  and  towns  have  grown  up;  neat  cattle  have 
already  displaced  the  buffalo;  sheep  and  goats  have  replaced  the  elk, 
deer,  and  antelope;  and  crops  of  wheat,  rye,  barley,  and  oats  are  now 
grown  in  regions  believed  liitherfo  to  be  desert  or  inaccessible.  This  is 
the  real  cause  of  the  great  i)rosperity  which  now  blesses  our  country  and 
swells  the  coffers  of  our  national  Treasury.  I  am  sure,  from  personal  ob- 
vservation,  that  the  Kegular  Army  has  done  its  full  share  in  accomplishing 
this  result,  and  I  claim  for  them  a  share  in  its  fruits.  The  troops,  during 
this  transition  ])eriod,  have  lived  in  holes  in  the  ground,  in  houses  made 
of  green  cottonwood  logs  infeste<l  by  vermin,  in  temporary  shanties, 
generally  without  murmur;  but  now  this  battle  with  poverty  is  over, or 
nearly  so,  and  I  api)eal  to  Congress  for  generous  treatment,  for  decent 
quarters  for  officers  and  men  ;  to  repeal  the  law  which  forl»ids  anything 
but  temporary  shelters  at  our  frontier  ])osts:  and  to  confer  on  the  Pi"es- 
deut,  the  Secretary  of  ^Vm,  or  on  a  board  of  general  ofliccrs,  thei>ower 
to  designate  tin*  places  of  ulratffiic  imiiortance  at  which  to  erect  suitable 
permanent  buildings'  for  (piartering  i)ro])('rIy  the  troops  of  the  United 
States.     In  this  connection  I  beg  to  submit  a  letter  which  I  wi'ote  you  on 


330  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYINQ   THE 

the  lOlli  of  Octohcr  last,  which  I  appeud  hereto,  marked  0,  and  ask  that 
it  be  construed  as  my  ju(l<xmeiit  of  the  probable  future,  leaving;'  for  you 
and  others,  to  (h^tcrinine  the  actual  points  which  should,  in  the  future, 
be  occupied  by  garrisons  to  subserve  the  best  interests  of  the  country. 

]n  the  enforcement  of  statute  law,  coiripulsory  on  the  Army,  and  in 
maintaining-  discipline,  without  which  an  array  would  be  a  nuisance, 
according-  to  the  rci)ort  of  the  Adjutant-General,  there  ha\e  been  1,797 
cases  of  trial  by  court-martial  among  the  enlisted  men  during  the  ])ast 
year.  It  is  notorious  in  the  Army  that  ninety  of  these  cases  in  the  hun- 
dred are  for  simple  disorders,  which  in  civil  life  are  punished  by  a  mag- 
xistrate  icithout  a  jury.  A  court-martial  is  both  judge  and  jury.  The 
easiest  correction  for  this  condition  of  facts  rests  with  Congress,  and 
not  with  the  Army.  The  law  is  at  fault,  for  the  men  we  enlist  are  the 
best  we  can  get  for  the  price  paid.  I  believe  the  price  is  liberal  when 
we  consider  the  fact  that  a  soldier  is  in  any  event  fed,  clothed,  and 
reasonably  maintained  at  the  cost  of  the  government,  the  minimum  pay 
($13  a  month)  being  in  fact  pocket  money,  and  is  the  only  hold  we  have 
on  him  for  lines  and  forfeitures.  I  recommend  that  Articles  of  War  80, 
81,  and  82  be  amended  so  as  to  es:tend  the  principles  of  the  fieUboflicer's 
court  to  every  fort,  garrison,  or  place  where  the  troops  of  the  United  States 
are  quartered.  In  nine  places  out  of  ten  there  are  no  field  officers,  only 
captains  and  lieutenants,  yet  the  necessity  for  discipline  and  prompt  pun- 
ishment for  minor  "  disorders  "  are  the  same.  The  commanding  officer 
of  such  a  "place"  should  have  the  i)ower  to  detail  some  other  officer, 
preferably  the  next  to  himself  iu  the  order  of  command,  to  act  as  pro- 
vost judge,  to  hear,  try,  and  adjudge  each  case  as  it  arises,  and  to  enter 
up  sentence,  which  sentence,  when  approved  by  him,  should  be  executed 
the  same  as  in  case  of  a  garrison  court-martial.  A  book  of  record  should 
be  kept,  subject  to  the  inspection  of  the  department  commander,  and  of 
any  duly  authorized  inspector-general.  This  simple  provision  will  ob- 
viate the  necessity  for  so  many  trials  which  are  now  a  scandal  to  the 
country.  General  courts -martial  will,  however,  continue  to  be  necessary 
for  more  serious  offenses  under  the  Articles  of  War,  and  for  the  trial 
of  officers ;  and  here  I  invite  your  attention  to  the  re])ort  of  General 
McDowell,  who  instances  how  we  cling  to  old  notions  prohibiting  courts- 
martial  from  sitting  after  3  o'clock  p.  m.,  because  a  hundred  years  ago 
in  England  officers  were  wont  to  dine  and  get  drunk  at  that  hour.  ]S"ow 
we  dine  when  we  can,  keep  sober  all  the  tiuie,  and  there  is  no  reason 
why  courts-martial  sfiould  not  sit  all  night  if  necessary  to  reach  a  ver- 
dict the  same  as  a  civil  jury.' 

The  consolidated  report  of  casualties  for  the  past  year  also  exhibits  a 
loss  to  the  Army  by  desertion  of  3,721.  This,  taken  in  connection  with 
the  number  of  enlistments  and  re-enlistments  (7,341),  is  a  most  serious 
matter,  occasions  great  loss  of  money  to  the  government,  and  calls  for 
a  speedy  remedy  if  possible.  The  causes  of  desertion,  as  exhibited  by 
the  record  of  the  trials,  are  various,  but  the  chief  one  is  tliat  most  of 
the  recruits  enlist  in  New  lork  or  the  larger  cities,  are  transported  at 
the  cost  of  the  United  States  to  the  West,  where,  by  desertion  at  little 
risk  of  capture  and  punishment,  they  obtain  the  highest  wages.  Tlie 
remedy  will,  I  believe,  be  found  in  a  more  liberal  treatment  of  the  good 
soldier,  an<l  a  more  certain  punishment  of  the  deserter. 

During-  the  civil  war  the  government  paid  its  private  soldiers  $10  a 
montli  and  non-commissioned  officers  much  higher.  Kow  the  private 
receives  oidy  613  a  month  and  the  non-commissiontfd  officer  proportion- 
ably  less  than  before,  whilst  the  prices  of  living  are  increased  rather 
than  diminished.    The  services  exacted  of  our  soldiers  are  more  labo- 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.         331 

rioiis  and  nearly  as  dangerous  now  as  then,  and  this  is  construed  by 
them  as  partiality  to  the  citizen  volunteer  over  the  regular.  This  is  felt 
to  be  an  act  of  injustice  to  themselves,  and,  coupled  with  the  fact  that 
desertion  is  gradually  becoming  stripped,  in  the  public  estimation,  of 
its  odious  and  dangerous  character,  Ave  find  that  desertious  are  increas- 
ing rather  than  diminishing.  I  therefore  recommend  that  the  pay  of 
enlisted  men  be  restored  to  what  it  was  in  ISGo,  and  that  the  puiiisli- 
meut  for  desertion  be  more  clearly  detiued  by  law  and  increased  in 
severity.  Aggravated  cases  during  active  can)]>aigns  or  in  the  Indian 
country  should  be  treated  as  "capital,"  as  is  done  under  almost  every 
civilized  government,  and  as  is  the  case  with  ourselves  in  actual  war. 
The  desertion  of  his  comrades  in  danger  is,  and  ever  should  be,  con- 
strued as  the  basest  and  most  heuious  crime  possible  to  a  soldier, 
whereas  of  late  j^ears,  under  the  benign  influences  of  our  Bureau  of 
Military  Justice,  it  has  grown  to  be  considered  as  of  little  more  concern 
than  for  a  laborer  to  quit  his  employer  withoutleave  or  notice.  I  would 
be  perfectly  willing  in  trials  for  desertion  to  submit  the  case  of  each 
deserter  to  a  jury  of  his  own  fellow  soldiers.  In  any  event  I  invite  your 
close  attention  to  this  whole  subject,  believing  it  to  be  of  vital  impor- 
tance to  the  interests  of  our  military  establishment. 

According  to  my  observation  the  general  character  of  the  recruits 
to-day  is  better  than  it  was  twenty  years  ago,  and  their  treatment  as  to 
food,  clothing,  barracks,  furniture,  fuel,  lights,  and  the  ordinary  garri- 
son duties  is  better  now  than  then;  but  the  same  nmy  be  said  of  our 
people  generally,  and  the  soldier  only  compares  his  own  condition  with 
that  of  his  immediate  neighbors. 

All  the  annual  reports  herewith  concur  in  the  conclusion  that  under 
the  operation  of  existing  general  orders  the  men  of  the  entire  Army 
have  improved  much  in  precise  rifle  firing.  This  is  a  matter  of  the 
first  importance,  because  one  who  is  skilled  and  has  confi<lence  in  his 
musket  is  worth  in  a  tight  half  a  dozeji  of  "dummies."  The  contests  this 
year  have  been  spirited,  well  contested,  and  most  excellent.  I  recently 
■witnessed  the  biennial  Army  contest  for  the  six  i)rizes  ottered  for  the 
best  six  shots  in  the  whole  Army,  in  which  every  oflicer  ami  enlisted  n)an, 
from  highest  to  lowest,  was  enabled  to  compete.  The  contest  extende<l 
through  three  days,  under  the  most  favorable  circumstances,  and  all 
the  arrangements  of  targets,  marking,  and  counting  were  as  perfect  as 
possible.  The  same  rifle  was  used  wliich  is  issued  to  every  soldier  in 
the  Army,  the  same  identical  ammunition,  and  no  variation  in  tlu^  sights 
Avas  permitted  other  than  such  as  any  soldier  may  a>lo])t  in  actual  war 
practice.  The  tiring  Avas  "offhand"  at  I'OO  yards,  "kneeling"  at  300 
yards,  and  "lying  on  the  ground"  at  000  yards.  The  first  prize  was  won  by 
a  sergeant  of  engineers  from  Willets  Point,  N.  Y.,  the  second  by  a  cavalry 
sergeant  from  Oregon,  the  third  by  a  cavalry  sergeant  from  Texas,  the 
fourth  by  an  artillery  sergeant  from  Fort  j\Ionroe,  Va.,  the  fifth  by  an 
artillery  priA'^ite  from  iSan  Francisco,  Cal.,  an<l  the  sixth  and  last  by  an 
artillery  lieutenant  from  NeAvYork;  thus  demonstrating  the  absolute 
fairness  and  impaitiality  of  the  awards.  We  are  es])ocially  indebted  to 
you,  ]\Ir.  Secretary,  for  providing  out  of  the  limited  contingent  fund  of 
the  War  Department  the  means  to  purchase  the  medals  nwarded.  and 
Avhieh  will,  I  am  sure,  be  treasuretl  by  the  Avinn«'rs;  hut  1  do  believe,  on 
a  fair  re|)resentation,  ('ongress  will  promjitly  ]>rovi<le  by  a  si)eeial  aj.pro- 
l>riation1he  money  needed  for  i)nr('hasing11ie  medals,  and  for  the  m-ces- 
sary  inscriptions  fh«'reon. 

It  Avould  be  wise  and  Avonid  tend  to  the  general  Avelfare  of  the  Arn)y 
if  some  Just  rule  could  be  adopted  for  a  tour  of  service,  by  regiments,  iu 


332  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

tlie  reiiH>te  and  Icss-lavored  iiarts  of  our  vast  country.  Kptte  of  ''  wise 
eoiu]Rel8"  and  "sajxe  advices"  ollicers  will  marry,  have  families,  and 
yearn  for  schools,  churches,  and  refined  society.  'J'hese  are  not  to  be 
ibund  in  the  remote  corners  where  duty  compels  us  to  post  our  pickets. 
Hitherto  Arizona,  New  Mexico,  Texas,  Idaho,  Montana,  Dakota,  &«., 
have  been  almost  absolutely  isolated  from  the  world,  iind  it  is  natural 
that  ofiieers  and  even  soldiers  should  feel  neglected  if  left  there,  as  we 
have  been  forced  to  do,  for  ten  and  fifteen  years  at  a  time,  and  the 
consequence  has  been  that  friends,  especially  members  of  Congress, 
beg  to  have  particular  officers  called  away  from  their  i)ropcr  stations 
for  fancy  and  constructive  military  duty  nearer  home.  This  cause  has 
had  a  most  damaging  influence  on  the  Army,  and  if  we  could  give  any 
assurance,  as  is  done  in  England,  that  a  regiment  sent  "  abroad,"  as 
it  were,  to  Arizona,  or  the  Eocky  Mountain  region,  should  not  be  kept 
there  continuously  over  live  years  consecutively,  it  would  much  lessen 
this  evil,  and  bring  contentment  where  now  there  is  a  feeling  that 
partiality  or  favor  banishes  a  whole  regiment.  The  artillery  regiments 
have  generally  been  interchanged  by  some  such  tacit  rule.  The  cavalry 
must  of  necessity  be  on  the  frontier,  where  alone  their  services  are  ap- 
propriate and  needed,  and  they  are  only  changed  when  there  is  some 
l^ressing  necessity. 

The  infantry  regiments  as  a  rule  have  the  hardest  time.  Each  depart- 
ment commander  may  shift  his  troops  according  to  the  necessities  of  serv- 
ice, but  is  of  course  limited  to  the  areaof  his  own  command.  The  division 
commander  is  also  necessarily  empowered  to  move  his  troops  from  one 
department  to  another  of  his  own  division,  but  is  usually  restricted  to 
movements  demanded  by  actual  danger,  and  is  often  restndned  for  the 
want  of  the  necessary  money.  So  at  Army  headquarters,  regiments,  or 
even  companies,  are  only  ordered  from  one  di^^siou  to  another  when  neces- 
sity demands,  and  regiments  are  only  moved  when  the  appropriation 
admits  of  ifc,  and  this  is  most  rare  now^  Some  changes  have  been  made 
in  the  past  year,  such  as  bringing  the  Twelfth  Infantry  from  Arizona  to 
the  Department  of  the  East  in  September  last,  and  ]uore  recently  the 
removal  of  the  Fifteenth  from  New  Mexico  to  Dakota,  both  regiments 
having  been  there  thirteen  years.  I  believe,  now,  w^e  can  and  ought  to 
keep  three  infantry  regiments  in  the  Division  of  the  Atlantic,  that  each 
should  have  a  tour  of  three  years'  rest,  and  then  be  replaced  by  another 
regiment  which  has  been  longest  on  the  Rio  Grande  frontier,  or  in  the 
"  Farthest  West."  The  mere  hope  of  such  a  detail  would  carry  con- 
tentment to  many  a  family  now  seemingly  banished  far  from  home  and 
friends.  The  railroads  in  the  West  have  greatly  facilitated  the  move- 
ment of  troops,  but  have  not  diminished  the  cost;  quite  the  contrary. 
Formerly  the  infantrj'  marched  on  foot,  and  the  cavalry  rode  their 
horses  long  distances  at  little  cost  of  money,  taking  months  and  weeks, 
where  now  the  same  journey  is  accomplished  in  less  days  and  hours; 
but  for  this  saving  of  time  we  have  to  pay  in  money,  and  all  Army 
movements  are  absolutely  controlled  by  the  existing  appropriations  of 
Congress.  When  life  is  at  stake  no  hesitation  is  or  should  be  made  in 
ordering  troops  to  the  point  of  danger  from  the  nearest  available  garri- 
son, regardless  of  the  cost;  but  no  movement  of  a  regiment  or  even  of 
a  single  company  for  relief  is  ever  or  should  be  made  until  the  Secre- 
tary of  War  is  consulted,  and  the  state  of  the  necessary  appropriation 
is  ascertained.  ]\Ieantime  the  Army  must  be  content  with  what  they 
surely  realize,  that  telegi^aphs  and  railroads  are  rapidly  bringing  to 
them" in  their  hitherto  banishment  all  the  advantages  of  civilization, 
with  daily  mails,  with  schools,  churches,  and  social  advantages. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  333 

The  reports  of  Brigadier-Goneral  Howard  of  tin-  Military  Academy  at 
West  Point,  of  lire  vet  ]Major-General  (letty  of  the  Artillery  School  atFort 
MoDroe,  and  of  Colonel  Otis  of  the  kSchool  of  Application  at  Fort  Leaven- 
wiorth,  herewith  inclosed,  niajked  G,  7,  and  8,  respectively,  exhibit  the 
great  care  and  labor,  which  have  been  bestowed  on  military  edncation  in 
the  Army  during  the  year.  All  of  these  institutions  are  now  established 
on  a  fair  and  most  satisfactory  basis,  are  well  administered,  and  fulfill 
admirably  their  several  i»urposes.  The  Academj*  at  West  Point  is  gov- 
erned by  special  laws  of  Congress,  only  falling  under  my  jurisdiction  so 
far  as  military  discipline  is  concerned.  The  otheis  are  simply  military 
posts,  governed  like  all  others  by  the  Army  regulations,  and  their  garri- 
sons are  subject  at  any  moment  to  be  sent  off  for  duty  by  the  dei)artment 
commander;  yet,  whilst  not  otherwise  employed,  these  garrisons  form 
the  basis  for  practical  instruction,  and,  apart  from  theoi-etical  studies, 
enable  the  oi!icers,non-(;ommissioned  officers,  and  privates  in  rotation  to 
learn  thoroughly  all  the  duties  of  a  soldier  in  garrison,  in  camp,  and  on 
the  march  far  better  than  would  be  i^ossible  in  the  smaller  posts,  to 
which  the  bulk  of  the  Army  must  of  necessity  be  distributed.  The 
cost  of  maintaining  these  schools  is  no  more  than  if  the  troops  were 
in  ordinary  garrison,  but  it  would  be  well  to  ask  annually  of  Congress 
for  an  appropriation  for  each  of  $5,000  for  the  purchase  of  books  of 
reference,  and  for  surveying  and  philosophical  apparatus,  such  as  are 
used  l)y  all  schools,  this  money  to  be  expended  and  Ju;counted  for  by 
the  commanding  officer,  or  by  the  quartermaster  on  his  orders.  The 
law  and  Army  regulations  also  contemplate  a  school  for  officers'  and 
soldiers'  children,  as  well  as  for  the  illiterate  soldiers,  at  each  and 
every  tixed  post  and  garrison.  But  as  no  x^rovision  is  made  for  teachers 
other  than  by  the  detail  of  officers  or  enlisted  men,  these  schools  can- 
not be  said  to  be  successful.  Too  many  of  our  officers -and  enlisted 
men  are  already  of  necessity  taken  from  their  comi^anies  for  daily  or 
detached  duty,  so  that  I  cannot  recommend  any  further  reduction  of  the 
fighting  force  for  this  or  any  other  purpose,  but  if  Congress  is  disposed 
to  furnish  teachers  in  excess  of  the  i)resent  organization  I  am  certain 
these  schools  can  gradually  be  made  universal,  and  they  ^nll  doubtless 
prove  auxiliary  to  good  order  and  discipline,  if  they  do  not  actually 
rescue  many  good  men  from  the  usual  fate  of  ignorance  and  vice. 

The  supi)ly  departments  are  not  subject  to  my  orders  and  supervis- 
ion, but  I  know,  from  reports  and  from  personal  observation  at  many 
of  our  military  posts,  that  the  troops  are  habitually  well  supplied  in  ail 
respects. 

RonewiTig  the  recommendations  of  my  last  annual  report,  and  again 
inviting  your  attention  to  the  reports  herewith  of  the  division  and 
department  commanders. 

1  have  the  honor  to  be,  very  respectfull3-,  vour  obedient  servant, 

W.  T.  SHERMAN, 

Geiuiral. 

Hon.  Robert  T.  Lincoln, 

Secretary  of  lV«r,  Washington,  D.  C. 


334  PAPERS  ACCOMPANYING  THE 

REPOKT  OF   THE  ADJUTANT  GENERAL. 

Headquarters  of  the  Army,   • 
Adjutant-General's  OFFrCE, 
Washington,  November  — ,  1882. 

General:  Pursuant  to  your  instructious,  I  have  the  honor  to  sub- 
mit the  annual  returns  of  the  Array: 

A. — Organization  of  the  Kegular  Army. 

B. — Return  showing  actual  strength  of  the  Regular  Army. 

C. — Distribution  of  troops  in  the  Departments  of  Missouri,  Texas, 
Platte,  and  Dakota — Division  of  the  Missouri. 

J). — Distribution  of  troops  in  the  Departments  of  the  East  and 
South — Division  of  the  Atlantic. 

E. — Distribution  of  troops  in  the  Departments  of  California,  the 
Columbia,  and  Arizona — Division  of  the  Pacific. 

F. — Military  geographical  divisions,  departments,  and  posts,  with  dis- 
tribution of  troops,  xjost-offices,  telegraph  stations,  and  nearest  railroad 
stations  or  boat  landings. 

G. — Statement  of  casualties  during  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 
1882. 

H. — Statement  of  the  number  of  trials  of  enlisted  men  by  general 
courts-martial  during  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1882. 

I. — Statement  of  assignments  of  recruits  and  re-enlistments  during 
the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1882. 

The  number  of  enlisted  men,  now  in  service,  who  are  drawing  in- 
creased pay  under  act  of  Congress  of  August  4,  1854,  is  as  follows : 

Five  years'  continuous  service , 3,  402 

Ten  years'  continuous  service 1,896 

Fifteen  years'  continuous  service (i71 

Twenty  ytars'  continuous  service 145 

Twenty-tive  years'  continuous  service 93 

Tliirty  years'  continuous  service 54 

Total 6,261 

The  number  of  those  who  will  become  entitled  to  increased  pay  under 
act  of  Congress  of  May  15, 1872,  during  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 

1884,  is— 

Ee-enlisted  pay 536 

One  dollar  per  month  for  third  year  of  service 3,  412 

Two  dollors  per  month  for  fourth  year  of  service 3,507 

Three  dollars  per  mouth  for  hfth  year  of  service 3,  429 

Total 10,884 

and  the  number  of  enlisted  men,  now  in  service,  whose  terms  will  ex- 
pire during  the  same  fiscal  year  is,  3,549. 

A  comparison  of  the  above  data  with  that  submitted  last  year  shows 
that  while  the  number  of  men  discharged  the  service  by  sentence  of 
court-martial  is  less  by  110  than  during  the  year  1880-'81,  the  number 
of  re-enlistments  has  fallen  off  544,  and  the  number  of  desertions  is 
1,380  in  excess.  The  fact  that  tliere  are  now  in  the  ranks  2,850  men 
whose  continuous  service  ranges  from  10  to  35  years,  while  the  number 
last  year  was  only  2,534,  shows  conclnsively  tliat  the  falling  off  in  the 
number  of  re-enlistments  is  limited  to  the  class  of  men  who  have 
served  only  the  first  term  of  service,  and  is  undoubtedly  due  to  the 
rapid  development  of  the  mining  resources  of  the  "Western  country 
creating  a  demand  for  labor  at  remunerative  prices  second  ouly,  jier- 
baps,  to  the  California  excitement  ©f  1849  and  subsequent  years. 


REtORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  335 

The  question  of  desertion  is  more  comi^lex  and  diflScult  of  solution. 
The  principal  causes  are — 

The  short  stay  of  tlie  recruit  at  the  depot,  thus  launching;  the  man 
into  active  military  life  before  he  has  become  acquainted  with  and 
accustomed  to  its  exactions  and  restrictions.  This  will  be  adverted  to 
more  at  length  in  my  remarks  under  the  head  of  "The  Kecruiting  Serv- 
ice." 

The  fact  that  by  law  the  money  value  of  clothing  drawn  by  the  re- 
cruit after  enlistment — a  large  amount  necessarily — is  charged  against 
him  on  tlie  rolls  and  absorbing  his  pay  for  montlis,  induces  discontent 
and  restlessness.  Hupiwsing  a  recruit  to  have  enlisted  during  the  third 
or  fourth  month  after  settlement  of  clothing  has  been  made,  his  first 
pay  will  just  sulfice  to  pay  for  altei'ing  his  clothes  and  purchase  of  the 
necessary  articles  for  his  comfort  aiul  cleanliness.  Naturally,  the  young 
recruit  looks  forward  to  the  pay-day  following  with  the  hope  that  he 
will  be  enabled  to  lay  by  a  small  amount,  or  possibly  send  something 
to  his  friends  or  relatives.  Pay-day  comes,  and  he  finds  himself  charged 
for  clothing  overdrawn  (during  the  short  ])eriod  of  his  service)  with  an 
amount  which  not  only  absorbs  the  pay  then  due  him,  but  the  larger 
part  of  that  for  two  numths  to  come;  he  grows  discouraged,  and  in  an 
unguarded  moment  listens,  perhaps,  to  the  evil  counsels  of  old  oliend- 
ers,  of  whom  there  are,  and  always  will  be,  more  or  less  in  the  Army, 
and  deserts,  thinking  he  can  do  better  in  civil  life. 

To  do  away  with  this  really  important  cause  of  desertion,  I  beg  to 
suggest  that  section  1302  of  the  lievised  Statutes,  which  governs  in 
the  settlenu'ut  of  clothing  accounts,  be  amended  so  as  to  provide  that 
the  first  complete  outfit  of  clothing  issued  to  a  recruit  be  settled  only 
at  the  expiration  of  his  first  year  of  service. 

It  is  unfortunately  true  that  company  commanders  do  not  always 
exercise  the  care  demanded  by  the  importance  of  a  judicious  selection 
of  non-commissioned  ofiicers,  nor  realize  the  positive  evil  of  intrusting 
them  with  control  which  i)roperly  belongs  to,  and  should  be  eagercised 
only  by,  the  officer  commanding  the  comi)a!)y. 

Another  fruitful  cause  of  desertion  is  the  amount  of  manual  labor 
outside  of  purely  military  duty  exacted  from  soldiers.  While  this  can- 
not always  be  avoided,  the  imposition  of  non-military  laborious  duties 
should  only  be  resorted  to  in  extreme  emergencies,  as  it  inevitably 
breeds  disgust  and  dissatisfaction. 

In  conclusion,  I  beg  to  recommend  that  every  case  of  desertion  be 
carefully  investigated,  on  its  occurrence,  to  determine  the  cause  or 
causes  Avhich  led  to  the  conunission  of  the  crime,  in  order  tliat  i)rompt 
remedial  action  may  be  taken  whenever  demanded  by  the  circiunstances 
of  the  case. 

The  ofiicer^  of  the  Adjutant-General's  Department  are  properly  as- 
signeil  and  in  the  discharge  of  their  appropriate  duties. 

ARMY   OFFICERS  ABROAD. 

:\raj.  Gen.  J.  M.  Schofield  ;  Lieut.  Gol.  11.  S.  La.  Motte,  Twelfth  Infan- 
try ;  and  Capt.  . I.  Chester,  Third  Artillery,  who  attended  the  autumn 
maneuvers  of  the  Twelfth  Corps  of  the  Freiu.'h  Army  at  Limoges, 
France,  last  fall,  have  submitted  highly  interesting  rej/orts  of  the  re- 
sults of  their  observations. 

By  existing  orders,  oilicers  of  tlie  Army  who  have  enjoyed  the  ])rivi 
lege  of  visiting  foreign  countries  are  required  lo  avail  tliem.solves  of 
all  opportunities,  properly  within  their  reach,  for  obtaining  information 


336  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

of  value  to  tlie  military  service,  inid  to  make,  on  their  return,  written 
reports  on  the  subject. 

For  tlie  puri)ose  of  disseminating  in  the  Army  at  large  the  profes- 
sional knowledge  acquired  in  these  exceptional  cases,  I  have  the  honor 
to  recommend  the  publication  of  such  reports  whenever  they  are  found 
to  contain  useful  information  on  scientific  and  military  matters. 

PROMOTION   TO  THE  RANK   OF  FIELD   OFFICERS  AND  RESTORATION  BY 
CONGRESS  OF  OFFICERS    OUT  OF  SERA^ICE. 

I  am  so  thoroughly  convinced  that  the  subjects  of  promotion  to  the 
rank  of  field  oflicers  and  of  restoration  by  Congress  of  officers  out  of 
the  service  is  of  vital  importance  to  the  entire  Army,  that  I  beg  to 
again  to  invite  your  attention  to  the  remarks  on  these  subjects  mMeiu 
former  reports^. 

Paragraph  19,  Army  Eegulations  of  1863,  i^rescribes  that  "all  vacancies  in  estab- 
lished regiments  or  cori>8  shall  be  tilled  by  promotion  accoixling  to  seniority  except  in 
ease  of  disability  or  other  incompetency."  This  rule,  under  the  established  usage  and 
custom  of  the  service,  requires  that  a  vacancy  in  any  one  regiment  of  either  of  the 
tliree  arms  of  the  service  shall  be  filled  by  the  promotion  of  the  senior  otiicer  of  the 
lower  grade,  and  that  the  officer  promoted  be  commissioned  in  the  particular  regiment 
sutiering  the  loss  which  created  the  vacancy.  This  system  of  promotion,  aithougli 
sanctioned  by  long  years  of  practice,  is  open  to  grave  objections.  It  sometimes  hap- 
pens that,  duiing  the  permanent  absence  of  the  colonel  of  a  regiment,  through  sick- 
U(!ss  or  other  cause,  when  the  command  necessarily  devolves  on  either  of  the  other  field 
officers  of  the  regiment,  the  latter  lack  the  elements  required  for  the  successful  dis- 
charge of  the  duties  of  a  regimental  commander,  and,  in  such  a  case,  no  matter  how 
zealous  and  efficient  the  company  commanders  may  be,  the  regiment  necessarily  sutlers 
loss  in  discipline  and  high  tone  ;  and  to  remedy  this  evil,  so  far-reaching  in  its  conse- 
quences, I  beg  to  suggest  that  the  best  interests  of  the  Army  imperatively  demand  a 
change  in  the  method  of  promotion  to  the  rank  of  field  officer  below  the  grade  of 
colonel,  and  this  end  can  only  be  attained  by  promotion  in  the  arm  instead  of  commis- 
sion in  a  particular  regiment.  In  other  words,  on  the  happening  of  a  vacancy,  the 
officer  entitled  to  promotion  shoxild  be  commissioned  as  *'  major  of  infantry,"  "  lieu- 
tenant-colonel of  artillery,"  as  the  case  maybe,  instead  of  as  at  present,  "  major  of 
the  -—  regiment  of  infantry,  &c.  The  eftect  of  the  proposed  change  will  be  to  enable 
the  General  of  the  Ai-my  to  assign  field  officers  of  tjie  line  to  the  particular  regiment 
of  the  same  anu  in  which  their  services  may  be  of  the  greatest  benefit  with  a  view  to 
the  highest  efficiency  of  the  regiment.  This,  it  is  conceived,  would  obliterate  an  evil 
which  at  any  time  may,  through  disgust  or  despair,  threaten  the  demoralization  of  a 
regiment  otherwise  possessed  of  material  not  only  able,  but  willing,  to  sustain  its  hard- 
earned  reputation. 

It  has  become  the  custom  for  officers  dismissed  by  sentence  of  coirrt-martial  and 
dropped  from  the  rolls  of  the  Army,  to  imjjortune  Congress  for  restoration  to  the  posi- 
tion tftiey  have  forfeited  by  the  verdict  of  a  court  of  their  peers,  reviewed  and  approved 
by  the  department  commander,  and  confirmed  by  the  Pi'esident  of  the  United  States. 
The  bill  for  restoration  is  referred  to  the  Committee  on  Military  Aftairs.  and  by  it  in 
many  cases  placed  in  the  hands  of  a  subcommittee,  before  Avhom  the  claimant  appears 
either  personally  or  by  attorney.  The  pressure  of  other  duties  not  unfrequently  pre- 
vents the  subcommittee  from  giving  the  voluminous  papers  called  for  from  the  files  of 
the  War  Department  that  careful  and  searching  scrutiny  such  a  case  demands,  having 
in  view  the  baneful  intlueuce  on  the  Army  of  the  restoration  to  its  rolls  of  a  man  unfit 
to  hold  a  commission. 

Asa  check  on  such  claims,  it  is  suggested  that  applicantsfor  restoration  be  required, 
by  statutory  enactment,  to  present  their  claims  to  a  board  of  officers  to  be  appointed 
by  the  President,  whenever,  in  his  oiiinion,  the  applicant  has  Jin  equitable  claim  to  a 
further  hearing. 

VETERINARY  SURGEONS. 

By  section  37  of  the  act  of  March  3,  1803  (section  1102,  Eevised 
Statutes),  the  grade  of  veterinary  surgeon  was  created  with  assimilated 
rank  of  sergeant-major,  and  pay  at  the  rate  of  875  per  month.  The 
law  of  July  28,  186G,  section  3,  added  four  regiments  to  the  cavalry 
arm,  with  the  same  organization  as  provided  by  law  for  cavalry  regi- 


REPORT    OF    TlIK    SECRETARY    OF    WAR.  337 

ments,  but  "with  the  addition  of  one  veterinary  surgeon  to  each  regi- 
ment, whose  compensation  shall  be  one  hundred  dollars  per  month."' 

Thus,  with  precisely  tlie  same  organization,  four  of  the  regiments 
have  two  veterinary  surgeons,  and  nix  have  but  one,  and  at  the  lower 
rate  of  pay.  If  a  cavalry  regiment  absolutely  requires  the  services  of 
two  surgeons  of  that  class,  then  all  the  regiments  of  that  arm  of  the 
service  sbould  be  placed  on  the  same  footing.  In  the  contrary  case,  if 
only  one  suflices,  then  four  of  the  ten  regiments  have  one  veterinary 
surgeon  too  many. 

CERTIFICATES   OF  MERIT. 

Section  IL'IG,  lie\ised  Statutes,  provides  that  when  -dwy private  sol- 
dier shall  have  distinguished  himself  in  the  service,  the  President  mar 
grant  him  a  certificate  of  merit,  on  the  recommendation  of  the  colonei 
of  his  regiment. 

To  bring  non-commissioned  otlicers,  as  well  as  privates,  within  the 
jmrviewof  the  above-quoted  section,  it  is  suggested  that  it  be  amended 
by  substituting  for  "ijrivate  soldier"  the  words  "enlisted  man." 

EDUCATION  IN  THE  ARMY. 

The  importance  of  the  question  of  education  in  the  Army  cauuot  be 
overestimated,  whether  we  consider  its  immediate  benefits  in  raising 
the  st-andard  of  intelligence  in  the  ranks,  or  its  ulterior  advantages  to 
the  country  at  large  whenever  the  soldier  re-enters  civil  life.  After  a 
term  of  salutary  discipline  and  education,  every  man  leaving  the  serv- 
ice becomes  a  factor  of  importance  (under  our  system  of  government) 
in  the  civilization  and  well-being  of  the  State.  Fully  impressed  with 
this  fact,  instructions  were  issued  early  last  tall  looking  to  the  enhaucc- 
ment  of  the  etiiciency  of  post  schools  throughout  the  Army,  and,  in 
addition  to  his  other  duties,  the  adjutant-general  of  each  of  the  several 
unlitary  departments  was  charged,  under  the  department  commander, 
with  the  general  supervision  of  post  schools,  and  required  to  make, 
yearly,  a  full  report  of  their  condition  and  progress.  I  beg  to  submit 
the  following  synopsis  of  the  several  reports: 

DEPARTMENT  OP  THE   EAST. 

Number  of  post  schools j- 

Average  strength  of  garrisons , 1  7(j(j 

School  }itt«uclanct; : 

Enlisted  men ^.-,y 

Children " '  [  j.^r, 

The  condition  of  school  buildings  and  the  supi)ly  of  books  arc  re- 
ported generally  good.  The  majority  of  the  childron^lttend  the  i»ublic 
or  private  schools  in  the  cities  or  towns  adjacent  to  the  several  military 
X)0sts  in  the  dei)artment. 

DEPARTMENT  OF   THE   SOUTH. 

The  conditiim  of  the  vschool  at  Saint  Francis  P>arracks,  Saint  Augus- 
tine, Florida,  is  excellent;  the  enlisted  man  <letailed  as  teacher  is  well 
qualified  for  the  position;  the  library  is  supi)liod  with  a  good  collection 
of  books,  magazines,  and  ])apers  furnished  by  the  Quartermaster's  De- 
partment; and  the  reading-room  is  well  attended  by  the  ejilisted  meu 
of  the  command.  The  same  remarks  api)ly  to  Foit  l>arrancas,  Fla., 
Newport  Barracks,  Ky.,  and  Little  Kock,  Ark.,  except  that  at  the  two 
latter  posts  there  are  no  libraries.  At  Jackson  Barracks,  La., 
there  is  no  post  school;  the  children  of  officers  and  meu  attend  the 
22  Ab 


338  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 

public  or  inivato  Hcbools  in  the  immediate  vicinity.  There  being  no 
Kchool-house  or  biiikliug  available  for  the  purpose,  a  room  in  a  vacant 
set  of  oUicers'  quarters  is  used  as  a  library,  and  is  well  supplied 
with  pa])ers  by  the  Quartermaster's  Department.  At  Mount  Ver- 
non Barracks,  Ala.,  a  school-room  has  been  littcd  u]),  and  school 
will  be  opened  as  soon  as  a  teacher  can  be  i)rocured  ;  the  library  is  sup- 
plied with  an  excellent  and  ami)le  collection  of  books  (including  school- 
books)  in  good  condition.  At  Fort  Brooke,  Fla.,  a  school  has  recently 
been  established,  and  an  abundant  supply  of  literature  has  been  re- 
ceived from  the  Quartermaster's  Department. 

DEPAUTJMENT  OF  THE  MISSOUIU. 

Number  of  post  schools 25 

Average  streugth  of  garrisons 3, 547 . 

Average  uumber  of  children  over  five  years 306 

School  attendance : 

Enlisted  men 253 

Children  of  officers » 50 

Children  of  enlisted  men 119. 

Children  of  civilians 48 

The  condition  of  the  schools  in  the  department  is  generally  good. 
There  are  no  school-buildings  at  Fort  Craig,  N.  Mex.,  Fort  Leaven- 
worth, Kans.,  and  Fort  Lewis,  Colo.,  and  at  these  posts  there  are  no  suit- 
able rooms  for  holding  school  sessions. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  DAKOTA. 

Number  of  post  schools 22 

Average  strength  of  garrisons 3, 761 

Average  number  of  children  over  five  years '^96 

School  attendance : 

Enlisted  men 200 

Children  of  officers r.. -. 51 

Children,  of  enlisted  men 158 

Children  of  civilians »3 

The  condition  of  the  school  buildings  and  the  sujiply  of  school-books 
are  reported  good ;  but  at  two  posts — Fort  Pembina  and  Cantonment 
Bad  Lands — the  supply  of  lights  for  evening  schools  is  reported  as 
inadequate.  ' 

Better  teachers  are  needed  at  the  majority  of  the  schools,  and  the 
adjutant-general  of  the  department  urges  that,  for  obvious  reasons, 
neither  the  barrack-rooms  nor  the  company  mess-room  is  a  suitable 
place  for  teachers.  He  thinks  that  the  purchase  of  school-books,  under 
the  present  system,  from  the  post  fund  (created  by  the  savings  from  the 
ration)  objectionable  even  when  practicable.  The  number  of  lights 
allowed  for  evening  school  are  entirely  inadequate.  He  suggests  that 
the  duration  of  vacation  be  prescribed,  and,  while  report iug  marked 
improvement  in  the  schools,  exjiects  still  greater  efficiency  during  the 
coming  year. 

/DEPARTMENT  OF   THE   PLATTE. 

Number  of  post  schools 58 

Average  Btrength  of  garrisons 2, 436 

School  attendanc<; :  . 

Enlisted  men 1)4 

Children  of  officers v!6 

Children  of  enlisted  men 108 

Children  of  civilians 67 

Proper  school-house  facilities  have  not  been  secured  at  many  of  the 
posts,  and  in  many  instances  api)oiutments  for  fitting  n[\  the  rooms 
have  been  wanting. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  339 

DKrARTMKXT   OF   'J  KXAS. 

Nnmhpr  of  post  Kchoo'.s • 9 

Average  strougth  of  jranisons 3,354 

Average  nuiubtr  of  cJiildrcu  over  live  years 254 

School  attemlaiico  : 

Enl isted  men 1'-^^ 

C  h  i  1  d  r c  n  o  f  o  m  f  0  r s 29 

Children  of  enlisted  men 121) 

Children  of  civilians 58 

The  condition  of  the  scliool-rooins  and  supply  of  books  are  reported 
as  good,  excepting"  at  Fort  Mcintosh  and  iSan  Antonio,  at  neither  of 
which  posts  has  there  been  any  school  for  want  of  a  suitable  building 
for  the  puri)sse. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  CALIFOKXIA. 

Number  of  post  schools 10 

Average  strength  of  garrisons 960 

Number  of  children  over  hve  years 84 

School  attendance  : 

Enlisted  men 54 

Children  of  officers 6 

Children  of  enlisted  men 30 

Children  of  civilians 19 

The  condition  of  post  schools  in  this  department  is  generally  reported 
as  good.  The  apparently  small  percentage  of  children  in  attendance  is 
due  to  the  fact  that  at  the  following-named  posts  they  attend  either 
wholly  or  in  a  large  majority  the  i)iiblic  shools  of  neighboring  towns — 
Benicia  Barracks,  Fort  Point,  San  Jos(^,  and  the  Presidio  of  !Sau  Fran- 
cisco. 

DEPARTJIENT   OF   THE    C0LU3IBIA. 

The  condition  of  the  schools  is  reported  as  indifferent,  and  the  prog- 
ress very  slight,  if  any.  The  reasons  assigned  as  to  the  causes  of  the 
unfavorable  report  are  small  garrisons,  incompetent  teachers,  and  un- 
suitable school-rooms;  disinclination  of  grown  men  to  attend,  intensified 
by  the  amount  of  manual  labor  required  of  them  outside  of  strictly  mili- 
tary duties.  While  Vancouver  Barracks  possesses  a  model  school- 
house,  and  fair  ones  are  at  Fort  Colville  and  Boise  Barracks,  at  all  the 
other  posts  in  the  department  new  school-houses  are  an  absolute  ne- 
cessity. 

On  a  careful  review  of  the  whole  ftcld,  I  am  satisfied  the  present 
system  needs  revision.  Its  tendency  is  to  create  a  bureau  of  militarj'' 
education,  and  this  is  highly  objectionable.  While  chaplains  manifes't 
laudable  zeal  in  this  work,  I  seriously  doubt  whether  their  labors  can 
ever  be  i)roductive  of  the  greatest  good.  Their  sphere  is  spiritual,  and 
while  their  religious  and  secular  knowledge  and  high  moral  tone  is 
jieely  admitted,  it  is  also  a  fact  that  should  not  be  overlooked  that  the 
poss(^ssion  of  knowledge  does  not  necessarily  carry  the  gift  of  in\]Mirt- 
iiig  it.  Their  denominational  character  is  also  a  serious  obstacle  to 
securing  the  hearty  co-operation  of  men  of  all  creeds  or  of  no  creed  at 
all.  The  successful  teacher  of  soldiers  must  himself  be  a  military  man, 
intimately  acquainted  with  their  wants  and  asitirations,  the  exactions 
and  r((]uirements  of  ;irmy  life,  and,  in  other  words,  must  not  only  be 
with  th"m  but  of  them.  To  compel  the  respect  and  attention  of  their 
])Ul)ils  teachers  should  have  ade(piate  rank  and  compensation,  ami  not 
l)e  UMjuiTcd  to  share  the  common  mess-ronrus  and  barracks,  nor  sliould 
their  ]iosition  be  atVectcd  by  changes  in  the  garrison.  Tl'.e  instruction 
of  enlisted  men  should  l)e  made  a  military  duty,  tlierefoiv  cojiipulsory, 
and  the  school  hours  siiouhl  be  during  the  day.  Alphabetical  schools 
can  in  no  sense  be  called  military  schools.    To  preserve  to  the  latter 


340  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

their  iiuliN'idual  cliaracter,  I  strougly  recommend  tliat  for  white  regi- 
ments an  educational  test  be  applied  to  men  offering  tliemselves  for 
service  in  tlie  Arjny.  No  man  who  cannot  read  and  write  should  be 
accepted  as  an  American  soldier.  While  this  elimination  of  gross  igno- 
rance is  in  accordance  with  the  genius  of  our  institutions,  it  is  not  be- 
lieved it  Avould  seriously  afiect  the  recruitment  of  the  Army. 

It  is  highly  desirable  that  the  inspection  of  tlue  schools  be  made  part 
of  the  duties  devolving  on  otlicers  of  the  Inspector-General's  Depart- 
ment, and  that  these  inspections  be  special. 

In  order  that  fidl  justice  be  done  to  this  question,  which  is  of  vital 
interest  to  the  Army,  I  beg  further  to  recommend  that  a  board  of  line 
oflicers  of  rank  and  intelligence  be  convened  to  revise  the  entire  sub- 
ject. 

KECRUITING  SERVICE. 

On  October  1, 1881,  recruiting  rendezvous  were  in  operation  at  the 
following  points: 

Four  in  New  York  City;  two  in  each  of  the  cities  of  Boston,  Balti- 
more, Chicago,  Cincinnati,  and  St.  Louis :  and  one,  in  each,  at  Provi- 
dence (K.  I.),  Buifalo,  Philadelphia,  Indianapolis,  Pittsburgh,  Cleveland, 
Milwaukee,  and  Washington.  During  that  month  a  rendezvous  was 
opened  at  Albany,  N.  Y.,  with  a  branch  at  Troy,  N.  Y. ;  and  two  branches 
from  the  rendezvous  at  N.  Y.  City  were  established  at  Brooklyn,  and  two 
at  Jersey  City. 

In  November,  1881,  a  rendezvous  was  opened  at  Springfield,  111.;  in 
December,  one  at  Detroit,  Mich.;  and  in  Eebruary,  1882,  a  second  ren- 
dezvous w^as  opened  at  Philadelphia. 

In  August,  1882,  one  of  the  rendezvous  at  Boston  was  discontinued, 
and  established  at  Davenport,  Iowa. 

Eecruiting  has  also  been  carried  on  in  all  the  departments  embraced 
in  the  Military  Divisions  of  the  Missouri  and  the  Pacific,  by  officers 
stationed  at  military  posts,  under  the  supervision  of  assistant  adjutant- 
generals  at  the  headquai-ters  of  the  several  departments.  This  system 
involves  no  exi)ense  to  the  recruiting  fund,  and  thus  far  it  ha§  worked 
satisfactorily,  many  good  men  having  been  secured  who  would  other- 
wise have  been  probably  lost  to  the 'service. 

For  the  two  colored  regiments  of  infantry,  recruiting  has  l)eeu  re- 
stricted, during  the  year,  to  re-enlistments  and  the  enlistment  of  men 
who  have  served  with  credit  a  previous  term,  and  in  this  Avay  these 
regiments  have  been  maintained  at  or  near  their  authorized  strength. 

Owing  to  the  depleted  condition  of  the  appropriation  for  the  recruit- 
ing service,  it  was  found  necessary,  in  the  early  part  of  1882,  to  reduce 
expenses  to  the  lowest  possible  limit;  therefore,  recruiting  for  the 
mounted  service  by  oificers  of  the  general  recruiting  service,  who  had 
been  making  enlistments  for  the  mounted  service  in  cities  where  there 
was  no  cavalry  rendezvous,  was  suspended.  Eecruiting  was  entirely 
stopped  at  the  rendezvous  at  Providence,  Springfield  (lU.),  Builalo, 
Pittsburgh,  and  Washington,  and  the  branch  rendezvous  at  Troy,  Jer- 
sey City,  and  Brooklyn  were  discontinued.  At  the  rend-ezvous  which 
were  kept  open,  enlistments  were  restricted  to  the  best  class  of  men. 

Since  the  appro]>riation  for  the  present  fiscal  year  became  available, 
recruiting  has  been  actively  resumed  at  all  the  rendezvous  at  which 
operations  had  been  suspended,  and  every  effort  is  made,  consistent  vrith 
the  funds  available  for  tlie  purpose,  to  obtain  sufficient  men  to  fill  the 
Army  to  its  authorized  strength. 

In  the  citie-s  (excepting  Detroit  and  Milwaukee)  where  only  one  ren- 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  341 

dezvous  is  in  operati^on,  Uie  recruiting  otiicers  now  make  enlistnionts 
for  l)otli  the  general  and  the  niount^id  service. 

In  order  to  cnrry  out  tlie  provisions  of  tlie  tliird  section  of  the  act 
approved  June  30,' 1882,  making  appropriations  for  tlie  support  of  the 
Army  for  the  current  fiscal  year,  each  recruit  is,  ujuju  aewiptance  at  the 
depot,  allowed  to  purchase  on  credit  from  the  post-trader  such  articles 
as  are  absolutely  necessary  for  his  cleanliness  and  comfort,  at  a  cost 
not  exceeding  *3,  and  he  is  allowed  to  receive  a  credit  for  laundry  inir- 
])oses  of  $1  i)er  moiith,  for  not  exceeding  four  months.  These  credits 
are  made  upon  the  written  order  of  the  dei)0t  commanders. 

The  total  number  of  enlistments  made  during  the  liscal  year  ending 
June  30,  1882,  were  7,734.  Of  these  4,007  were  native-born,  and  2,827 
of  foreign  birth. 

1  agaiu  invite  attention  to  the  recommendatibn  in  my  former  reports 
that  1,000  men,  in  excess  of  the  present  authorized  strength  of  tin; 
Army,  be  allowed  for  thorough  instruction  at  the  recruiting  depots; 
and  also  to  the  report  of  tlie  Committee  on  ^Military  Affairs,  recom- 
mending the  passage  of  the  bill  (11.  R.  3(i0l)  to  ]>rovide  for  tlie  instrue- 
tion  of  enlisted  men  at  recruiting  dej^ots,  which  report  contained  and 
adopted  the  o])iuiou  1  expressed  to  the  Secretary  of  War  in  letter  of 
May  14,  1882,  in  advocacy  of  the  bill.  The  bill,  however,  for  causes 
extraneous  to  its  merits,  failed  to  becouie  a.  law  at  the  last  session  of 
Congress. 

The  opinion  then  expressed  to  the  Secretary  I  still  hold,  and  is  as 
follows : 

The  measnro  advocated  has  for  its  objective  two  importaut  points,  viz,  efficiency 
and  oconoiny. 

Efficienaj. — Very  sli-^lit  knowiedgi^^  of  tlie  service  and  its  requirements  is  posRCssed 
by  men  tirst  entering  tlio  Army.  The  retention  of  all  recruits  at  the  several  depots 
(David's  Island,  Columbus  JJarracks,  and  JtjHcrson  Barracks),  to  serve  there  four 
months  before  bcinji;  sent  to  regiment^  ^Tould  initiate  them  into  the  duties  of  military 
life;  transform  raw  men  into  Avell-instructed  soldiers;  and  would  atiord  an  opportu- 
nity, by  the  application  of  )>roper  tests  requiring  time  and  obsers'ation,  to  positively 
determine  their  lituess  for  active  service. 

Economy. — Many  men  enlisting  in. good  faith  soon  develop  smdi  inaptitude  for  serv- 
ice that  to  retain  them  in  the  ranks  an  ould  ])rovo  a  biuden  rather  than  a  benolit. 
This  nnfitness,  from  whatever  cause  arising,  would  become  knowji  at  the  depot,  and 
the  prompt  discliargcof  such  men  would. save  the  government  the  expense  of  their 
transportation  to  the  remote  frontier  and  ret;urn,  after  discharge,  to  iilaeo  of  enlist- 
ment, according  to  contract. 

The  table  marked  K  exhibits  in  detail  tlie  nativities  and  occupation 
of  accepted  recruits,  and  the  divers  causes  leading  to  the  rejection  of  a 
large  number  of  the  applicants  for  enlistment. 

RIFLE   PRACTICE. 

The  comi)etition  last  fall  for  the  possession  of  the  handsome  and  val- 
ual)le  "Nevada  badge" — presented  to  the  Army  by  public-spirited  citi- 
zens of  N<^vada  for  award  to  the  comi)any  or  battery  excelling  in 
target  firing — resulted  in  a  victory  for  Battery  K,  Third' United  States 
Artillery,  and  its  commander,  Capt.  Lewis  Smith,  was  summoned  to 
this  city  to  receive,  at  the  hands  of  the  General  of  the  Army,  tlie 
tiopliy  won  by  the  handsome  score  of  1,120  out  of  a  possible  1,.")0 
jxiints,  or  02.2  jier  eentiim. 

The  absence  of  data  ])revents  me  from  exhibiting  tln^  result  of  tlie 
com])etition  this  year.  A  like  reason  bars  relnreiice  to  the  contest  for 
the  Army  ])rizes,  lately  held  at  Fort  Leavenworth,  Kans.  A  sense  of 
justice  to  the  enlisted  p<n-tion  of  the  participants  urges  me  to  represent 
that  the  inequality  of  allowances  woiks  ]>ositive  hardship  to  the  sol- 


342  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

dior,  aiul  deters  many  of  tliem,  tliongli  qualified,  from  enterinpf  the 
list  of  contestants.  The  officer  repairiii*,'  to  tlic  idace  of  trial  and  while 
there  receives  allowances  Avliich  compensate  him  for  extra  expenses 
incident  to  a  temporary  stay  at  a  post  other  than  his  proper  station. 
The  .soldiei',  on  the  other  iiand,  receives  only  the  81.50  per  dieirj  com- 
mutation of  rations  while  travelinj^-  under  orders,  and  wlien  it  is  abso- 
lutely im])racticable  for  him  to  carry  cooked  rations.  This  allowance 
ceases,  of  course,  during-  his  stay  at  a  garrisoned  post.  Jt  seems  to  me 
eminently  just,  and  I  beg  to  recommend  most  earnestly,  that  tlie  allow- 
ance of  $l!r)0  per  diem  be  granted  to  all  enlisted  men  competing  for  a 
position  on  the  Army  team,  to  begin  on  the  day  hp,  lea\'es  his  i)Ost  for 
the  place  of  rendezvous,  and  continue  uuiuterriiijtedly  until  the  day 
on  which  he  rejoins  his  proper  station. 
Respectfully  submitted. 

E.  C.  DRUM, 
Adjutant- General. 


REPORT  OF  THE  INSPECTOR-GENERAL. 

Headquarters  op  the  Army, 
Inspector-General's  Office, 
Washington,  J).  C,  Octoher  10,  1882. 

Sir:  The  following  report  of  the  oi)erations  of  the  Inspector-General's 
Department  is  respectfully  submitted  for  the  information  of  the  honora- 
ble Secretary  of  War  and  the  General  of  the  Army. 

There  has  been  no  change  in  the  rank,  nuniber,  or  station  of  the  of- 
ficers of  this  department  since  the  rendition  of  my  last  annual  report. 

The  undersigned  has  been  in  charge  of  the  office  at  these  headquarters, 
performing  the  various  duties  pertaining  thereto,  besides  accompanying 
the  Lieutenant-Gene-ral  of  the  Army  on  a  tour  of  inspection  of  the  north- 
western portion  of  the  Military  Division  of  the  Missouri. 

Inspector-General  Nelson  H.  Davis  has  been  on  duty  as  inspector- 
general  of  the  Military  Division  of  the  Missouri.  He  has  been  engaged  in 
making  numerous  investigations  and  inspections,  uuder  the  orders  of  the 
Lieutenant-General  commanding,  and  has  also,  under  directions  from 
the  Secretary  of  War,  made  the  quarterly  inspections  of  the  Leaven- 
worth Military  Prison,  as  required  by  section  1348,  Revised  Statutes. 

Assistant  Inspector-General  Roger  Jones  has  been  on  duty  as  inspector 
general  of  the  Military  Division  of  the  Atlantic,  and  has  been  actively 
engaged  in  making  investigations  and  inspections  under  the  orders  of 
the  major-geueral  commanding  and  the  Secretary  of  War. 

Assistant  Inspector-General  Absalom  Baird  has  continued  on  duty  in 
this  office  as  my  assistant.  In  addition  to  his  regular  current  duties, 
he  has  examined  the  money  accounts  of  various  disbursing  officers  of  the 
Army  stationed  in  this  city,  Baltimore,  Pittsburgh,  and  Norfolk,  and 
has  also  made  several  investigations  under  orders  of  the  Secretary  of 
War. 

Assistant  Inspector-General  Joseph  C.  Breckinridge  has  been  on 
duty  as  Inspector-General  of  the  Military  Division  of  the  Pacific.  In 
addition  to  his  regular  duties  at  those  headquarters,  he  has  made,  under 
the  orders  of  the  major-general  commanding,  a  careful  inspection  of  the 
posts  in  the  Department  of  x\rizona,  and  is  now  engaged,  uuder  orders 
from  the  division  conimander,  in  an  inspection  of  all  the  posts  in  the 
Department  of  the  Columbia. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRERARY  OF  WAR.  343 

The  following-uanied  officers  liave  been  performing-  the  duties  of  act- 
ing assistant  inspectors-general  in  the  diliereut  departments  since  my 
last  annual  report: 

In  Department  of  the  Platte,  Lieut.-Col.  William  li.  Koyall,  Third 
Cavalry. 

In  Department  of  tlie  Missouri,  Maj.  John  J.  Coppinger,  Tenth  In- 
fantry. 

J u  Department  of  the  East,  ISIaj.  liiehard  Arnold,  Filth  Artillery. 

In  I)ei)artment  of  Dakota,  ]Maj, 'William  W.  San<l«n-s,  Eiglith  Infantry. 

Tn  Department  of  Arizona,  i\Iaj.  Abraham  K.  Arnold,  ^^ixth  Cavalry. 

In  Department  of  Texas,  Capt.  George  B.  llussell,  Ninth  Infantry, 
aid-de-camp. 

In  Department  of  the  Columbia,  Capt.  John  A.  Kress,  Ordnance 
Department,  nntil  ]\Iay  UO,  1882,  when  Maj.  Oliver  D.  Greene,  assistant 
adjutant-general,  was  ])laeed  in  charge  of  the  office. 

in  Department  of  the  South,  Lieut.  Wt-lls  Willard,  Fifth  Artillery, 
aid-de-camp,  iVom  January  IG  until  jMay  11,  1882,  since  which  time 
Lieut.  John  M.  Baldwin,  Fifth  Artillery,  aid-de-camp,  has  ])erformed 
the  duties. 

The  above-named  offi<;ers  have  been  engaged  in  inspecting  the  garri- 
soned posts  of  their  respective  departments,  examining  the  money  ac- 
counts of  disbursing  otlicers  of  tin-  Anny,  and,  under  the  orders  of  the 
department  commanders,  performing,  in  general,  the  duties  i)ertaining 
to  the  inspection  branch  of  the  service,  all  of  which  have  been  executed 
with  commendable  zeal  and  fidelity. 

In  comi)!iance  with  the  re(iuirements  of  the  act  of  Congress  ai>]>roved 
Ayn-il  20,  1874,  careful  examinations  liave  been  made  of  the  nciH)unts  of 
all  officers  of  the  Army  Avho  have  disbursed  i)ublic  money  during-  the 
year.  The  funds  received  and  expended,  with  balances  reported  due  to 
the  United  States,  have  been  couipared  and  verified  by  ofllcial  state- 
ments from  the  Treasury  and  designated  depositories.  These  inspec- 
tions involved  the  examination  of  expenditures  and  transfer  of  funds  to 
the  following-  amounts,  viz: 

Hy  regular  oflicers  of  the  Inspector-Geiicral'is  I )ei)artiiiout ^-Jl,  T-l:*!,  'J[}'2  81 

By  depaitineiit  actiug  assistant  insptHtois-geiieral 'J?,;!;!!),  I'-tG  44 

15y  special  inspectors,  post  coumianders,  Ai-e 4,  T^.'i.  "js:?  fil 

Total r.L5, 8.-)4,  lei  8<; 

This  large  iiggregate  is  caused  by  the  fact  tliat  Jiiuch  of  the  funds  was 
transferred  from  one  officer  to  another,  and  thus  bei-;iiiie  several  times 
the  subject  of  examination. 

All  tiie  rejjorts  of  these  inspections  are  herewith  siiiiuiitted,  ready  for 
transmittal  to  Congress,  as  recpiired  by  the  law  above  i-t-'fi-rred  to. 

Nearly  every  garrisoned  military  ])ost  tliroughout  the  extent  of  our 
territory  has  been  carefully  inspected  during  tlu'  ])ast  year,  either  by 
regular  or  acting  inspectors,  and,  in  addition,  inspections  have  been 
nrade  by  connnamling  oflicei-s  of  their  resjjcetive  [tosts  and  stations,  as 
required  by  paragraph  l.'»27,  Army  Kegulations. 

These  reports,  with  notes  of  the  action  taken  by  local  comnumdi  rs  to 
remedy  any  irregularilies  discovered  by  the  inspi'ct«ns,  have  been  for- 
warded to  these  head<|uarti>rs  through  regular  jnilitary  channels,  receiv- 
ing, in  course  of  transmittal,  tlie  remarks  of  all  sui)erior  conimanilers  as 
to  their  action  in  the  ])reniises,  and  hav«*  been  carefully  scrutinized  in 
this  office,  extracts  having  been  made  and  lorwarde<l  to  tlie  proper 
authoiities  of  any  matters  requiring  furthei-  attention. 

A  careful  exauiination  of  these,  and  also  of  the  iinnual  r»'p(»rts  of  the 


344  I'APERS    ACCOMPANYING    THK 

several  <li\isi()n  smd  «lepjirtment  inspectors,  enables  me  to  present  tlie 
lollowin^-  lacts  in  regard  to  the  present  general  condition  of  tlie  military 
establishment: 

The  health  of  the  troops  is  generally  good;  clothing  of  excellent 
quality;  arms  and  equipments  in  good  condition.  The  business  of  the 
.Subsistence  Department  has  been  well  administered,  sui)i)lies  ample 
and  of  good  quality.  The  same  may  also  be  said  of  the  Quarteiinastei-\s 
and  jMedical  Departments.  The  troops,  with  few  excei)tions,  have  been 
i-egnlarly  paid. 

Tiansportation  is  generally  reported  good,  and  sufficient  in  quantity, 
except  in  the  Department  of  Arizona,  where  it  is  somewlmt  deficient. 
Pack  trains  liad  to  be  hired  twice  during  the  year,  at  great  expense. 
The  number  of  mules  at  present  belonging  to  that  department  is  890; 
an  additional  number  of  200  is  asked  for. 

The  discipline  and  military  bearing  of  the  troops  show  an  improve- 
ment over  former  years. 

A  fair  degree  of  i>roficiency  has  been  attained  in  company  drill ;  but 
there  appears  to  be  need  for  more  practice  in  the  skirmish  drill,  while 
the  bayonet  exercise  has  been  almost  altogether  ignored  in  the  infantry- 
arm  of  the  service,  and  also  the  saber  exercise  in  the  cavalry. 

The  great  dispersion  of  tlie  troops  and  the  consequent  small  garri- 
sons have  rendered  it  impracticable  to  give  sufficient  instruction  in  bat- 
talion drill,  and  in  some  departments  no  battalion  drill  has  been  had. 
On  the  subject  of  light  artillery  drill  I  invite  attention  to  the  following 
remarks  of  Maj.  Kichard  Arnold,  acting  assistant  inspector-general,  De- 
])artment  of  the  East: 

I  would  repeat  my  recommendation  of  former  years  for  the  establisliraent  of  a 
school  for  light  artillery  instruction,  to  consist  of  at  least  four  batteries,  under  a  se- 
lected field  officer.  The  expenditirre  of  the  necessary  amount  for  this  purpose  I 
think  would  be  of  permanent  benefit,  while  the  continuing  the  batteries  at  regimental 
headquarters  or  separate  posts  will  result  in  the  performance  of  routine  duty  only. 
No  material  progress  or  excellence  will  ever  be  attained  save  by  bringing  these  bat- 
teries together  at  one  post  and  establishing  a  regular  coui-se  of  instruction,  as  is 
being  done  at  Fort  Monroe  and  Fort  Leavenworth. 

Military  instruction  has  also  been  seriously  interfered  with  by  the 
almost  continuous  employment  of  the  men  at  fatigue  and  mechanical 
labor. 

The  following  extract  from  a  recent  inspection  report  of  Fort  Spo- 
kane, Washington  Territory,  shows  to  what  an  extent  this  labor  has 
been  carried  at  some  posts: 

During  the  past  winter  and  spring  the  command  has  been  almost  constantly  and 
exclusively  engaged  in  cutting  and  hauling  logs  to  the  post  saw-mill,  and  in  prepar- 
ing therefrom  the  various  kinds  of  ordinary  lumber  requisite  for  completion  of  the  post . 
*  *  *  This  labor  was  considered  as  so  valuable  to  the  public  military  interests  that,  to 
promote  it,  the  post  commander  was  authorized  to  suspend  until  further  orders  the 
ordinary  drills  and  parades.  *  *^  *  Company  H  (Daggett's)  was  not  included  in 
the  ^e^iew  and  general  inspection  of  the  post,  it  being  relieved  from  all  duty  at  the 
post,  on  detached  service,  and  in  camp  on  the  bank  of  the  Spokane  River,  about  one 
mile  aud  a  half  distant,  engaged  in  the  construction  of  a  military  bridge  across  the 
river  named. 

Instruction  in  signaling  has  not  been  general  throughout  the  Army. 
In  the  Department  of  Arizona,  nineteen  men  have  been  instructed  in 
Hag  and  heliogTaph  signaling,  the  "general-service  code"  only  being 
used.  Stations  have  been  established  connecting  Fort  liowie  with 
camp  on  Gila  Kiver;  other  stations  connecting  Camp  Price  with  Fort 
P>owie  are  in  process  of  establishment.  This  will  give  almost  instanta- 
neous communication  with  department  headquarters  and  all  other 
points  connected  by  telegraph. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  345 

Regular  target  practice  has  beeu  continued,  as  during  tlie  few  years 
])nnions,  and  I  quote  from  the  annual  reports  of  the  several  inspectors, 
i()  sliow  the  result  in  their  respective  departments. 

Department  of  Arizona : 

Jiistmction  in  target  practice  has  lieeu  somewhat  irregular,  owing  to  constant  field 
service.  *  *  *  There  are  some  men  in  each  troop  and  company  who  attain  a  very 
liigh  percentage  in  liring,  but  not  much  improvement  is  observed  in  the  majority, 
wlu)  advance  to  a  certain  point  and  there  remain,  manifesting  very  litthi  int<?re,st  in 
this  important  duty;  the  apparent  reason  for  this  state  of  affairs  being  that  the  men 
are  constantly  employed  as  laborers  in  building  and  repairing,  they  being  taken,  for 
tlie  moment,  from  their  work  to  the  target-ground,  made  to  nre,  and  then  return  ti» 
work  again. 

Department  of  Dakota: 

The  target  ranges  are  good,  and  great  interest  is  generally  taken  in  the  target 
record . 

Department  of  the  East: 

Small-arm  practice  has  received  unremitting  attention  throughout  the  department, 
and  the  great  improvement  made  is  manifest  in  the  recent  firings  at  competitions 
under  the  supervision  of  the  oflicer  specially  detailed  for  that  duty. 

1  )epartment  of  the  Platte : 

Target  practice  lias  created  a  great  deal  of  enthusiasm  .ind  rivalry  among  the  troops 
of  this  command.  I  recognize  fully  its  importance,  but  it  should  be  kept  within  ra- 
tional bounds.  The  excessive  and  constant  practice  at  shooting  is  beginning  to  be 
irksome  to  the  men,  and  I  doubt  whether  their  improvement  in  tbe  use  of  the  rifle  is 
as  great  in  the  last  year  as  the  year  previous.  Formerly  tbe  men  took  great  delight 
in  this  practice,  but  having  become  a  task,  the  soldiers  form  any  sort  of  excuse  to  be 
relieved  of  it;  besides,  the  other  duties  of  the  post,  which  are  equally  as  important 
and  as  conducive  to  the  interests  of  the  service,  are  absorbed  in  tliis  drxideratum — tar- 
get practice.  I  am,  therefore,  of  the  opinion,  which  is  shared  in  by  many  officers 
whose  judgment  can  be  relied  upou,  that  this  practice  is  excessive  and  overdone,  and 
should  be  curbed. 

Department  of  Texas : 

Tai  get  practice  has  been  earnestly  carried  on  at  some  posts,  but  proper  interest  and 
proficiency  in  it  are  wajiting  at  others.  There  has  been  almost  no  firiHg  monuted, 
•'ither  with  carbine  or  pistol. 

Recommendations  are  made  for  the  abandonment  of  many  posts 
which,  from  tlie  changes  on  our  frontier,  have  become  useless  as  mili- 
tary stations. 

The  necessity  that  formerly  existed  for  many  small  and  detached  mil- 
itary posts  having  greatly  diminished,  a  concentration  of  troops  at 
fewer  posts  and  in  larger  garrisons  would  doubtless  iu  many  ways 
result  in  greater  efiiciencj'  and  economj-.  Large  commands,  under  an 
oflicer  of  rank,  are  naturally  productive  of  better  discipline  than  small 
ones,  and  have  a  tendency  to  foster  more  generous  and  unseltish  feel- 
ings among  ollicors.  Where  the  garrison  is  large  there  is  every  oppor- 
1  unity  for  valuable  drill  and  instruction;  wl^'reas,  at  a  small  garrisoned 
])<)st,  the  larger  i)ortion  of  the  command  is  absorbed  in  extra  and  daily 
duty,  &c.,  it  being  sometimes  aluiost  impossible  to  retain  enough  men 
for  rudimentary  drills  and  exercise.  Thus  practice  is  lost,  and  there 
is  no  emulation  among  companies. 

On  this  subject  Inspector-General  Davis  remarks  as  follows: 

Tli<>  extra  and  daily  duty  ronuired  of  the  troops  at  small  posts  and  commands  inter- 
feres mncti  with  their  jnllitarv  instruction.  The  reports  and  data  that  I  have  becTi 
able  to  examine  show  gcntTally  only  about  r)0  per  cent,  to  GO  per  cent,  of  th«i  "pres- 
ent and  absent  '  i)rcsfnt  for  duty.  A  large  percentage  of  this  dilference  are  on  extra 
jinil  daily  duty,  employed  at  mechanical  trades  and  labor  in  the  erection  and  repairs 
of  i>ost  buildings,  ground  impn)v»'n)ents,  &c.,  which  materially  reduces  the  strength 
of  the  ( oiiiiiiauds  for  militaiy  sfrvit-e. 

Much  of  this  c<instant  lal)or  of  the  troops  is  necessitated  by  the  large  nnmber  of 
small  posts,  and  by  their  shifting,  nou-permancut  character. 


346  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

Tlie  necessity  formerly  exiaiiii<f  for  Tiiany  of  the  small  posts  and  camps  lias,  in  my 
oinniou,  coasod,  and  the  concisntration  ot  troops  into  larger  coininiiinlH  at  importaut 
miiiliiry  ccnh^rs,  wlu-ro  thy  rcqiiisito  buildings  are,  or  should  Ix;,  erected,  will  conduce 
to  the  fi;(m(!ral  welfare  of  tliii  Army,  riiise  (o  a  higher  standard  its  diNciplino  and 
efficiency,  1)0  more  economical  to  llic  •■•eiieral  government,  ahate  dese.rtioiis,  which  are 
fre(pn.nt,  and  I'acilitate  the  movement  of  troops,  either  in  operations  a<j;ainst  Indian 
hosiilities  or  in  sni)i>ressin<f  riots  and  ])rotectin<i  life  and  jtrojurty  in  the  Jarj^e  centers 
<»f  population,  for  which  latter  pnrpost)  there  si'cms  to  he  a  ^rowinj;  iuipression  with 
the.  intelligent  and  husii.eHs  portion  of  the  peoide  that  the  Army  must  be  relieil  upon, 
and  that  its  strength  should  bo  increased. 

The. appropriation  for  construction  and  repair  of  bnrraclcs  and  quar- 
ters lias  been  ])ropei'ly  exj)ended,  and,  considering;'  the  hu-<;'e  number  of 
posts  to  \vlnGh  this  amount  lias  been  distributed,  the  public  buildings 
are  in  fair  condition. 

On  the  subject  of  desertions,  luspector-Geueral  Davis  says: 

The  canse  of  the  numerous  desertions  that  have  taken  place  and  are  occurring 
weekly,  and  the  reason  for  the  idea  among  the  enlisted  men,  to  some  extent,  that  the 
act  of  desertion  is  not  a  criminal  offense,  but  only  a  breach  of  trust,  should,  it  seems, 
he  inquired  into  and  ascertained,  if  possible,  that  this  evil  to  and  stain  upon  the 
Army  nuxy  be  eradicated. 

Maj.  A.  K.  Arnold  renews  his  recommendation  of  last  year,  that  the 
reward  for  apprehension  of  deserters  be  increased  to  $100. 

The  subject  of  post  schools  has  received  mitch  attention  and  consid- 
erable outlay  of  money  has  been  made.  The  result  attained  is  well  set 
forth  in  the  following  extract  from  General  Davis's  annual  report: 

Schools  for  enlisted  men  have  proved  only  a  partial  success.  AVant  of  suitable  teach- 
ers and  school-room  accommodation  are  reasons  sometimes  given  for  this.  The  disin- 
clination of  men  to  coufiue  themselves  to  study  after  their  daily  work  or  military  duty 
is  probably  one  of  the  principal  reasons  for  non-attendance  and  partial  failure.  The 
colored  troops,  it  is  rej)orted,  manifest  little  interest  in  the  schools. 

To  create,  on  the  part  of  the  enlisted  men,  greater  interest  in  the  schools,  and  secure 
their  attendance,  it  seems  that  some  additional  inducement  might  be  offered,  viz,  that 
uou-conuiussioned  officers  should  be  appointed  from  the  best  educated  and  most  intel- 
ligent men,  other  things  being  equal,  and  that  their  pay  should  be  considerably  in- 
creased, so  tliat  their  position  would  be  raised  to  a  higher  standard  and  be  more  highly 
prized.  The  same  rule  might  he  applied  for  clerical  positions,  viz,  that  men  well 
qualified  as  clerks  should  be  apijoiuted  as  such  at  division,  department,  and  post  head- 
quarters, for  post  quartermasters  and  commissaries,  and  as  company  clerks,  receiving 
a  graded,  hut  increased  pay.  Should  some  experiment  of  this  kind  succeed,  it  Avould 
beneiit  the  military  service  generally. 

At  permanent  posts,  lamps  and  rainertil  oil  have  taken  the  jAnce  of 
candles  for  lighting  public  quarters.  The  introduction  of  this  mode  of 
illumination  is  a  great  imi)rovemeut  on  the  old  style,  and  is  duly  appre- 
ciated by  the  soldiers. 

It  is  impossible  at  present  to  determine  how  much  oil  is  absolutely 
necessary  for  the  wants  of  the  ])<)sts,  but  steps  have  been  taken  to  as- 
certain. It  a])i)ears  to  me  that  mineral  oil  should  be  issued  to  troops 
as  is  fuel,  as  public  propAty  for  their  use,  and  that  any  oil  not  ac- 
tually consumed  in  each  month  should  be  tleducted  from  the  requisi- 
tion for  the  next  month,  amounting  to  the  same  thing,  as  in  the  case  of 
surplus  fuel,  "the  amount  not  actually  consumed  must  be  returned  to 
the  quartermaster."  Complaint  has  been  made  that  the  tin  cans  in 
which  the  oil  is  shipped  are  too  fragile,  a  great  amount  being  lost  by 
leakage ;  also,  that  the  chimneys  furnished  are  of  i)Oor  quality  and  easily 
broken. 

The  following,  from  the  annual  report  of  Assistant  Inspector-General 
Eoger  Jones,  showing  the  detrimental  action  of  an  existing  regulation 
(528,  Army  Kegulations),  I  deem  worthy  ot' consideration: 

In  one  of  my  rejiorts  1  took  occasion  to  remark  on  the  eftVct  of  the  regulation  which 
deprives  the  enlisted  man  of  all  the  gain  or  saving  of  the  dour  ijortiou  of  Ms  ration. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.         347 

UndfT  existing  regulations,  all  flour  in  excess  of  what  is  necessary  to  give  the  soldier 
18  ounces  of  bread  goes  to  the  ]»()st  fund,  and  eoinj)any  otticers  are  consequently  com- 
pelled to  purchase  such  tlour  as  may  he  needeil  in  jtrepariiig  food  for  their  men.  Thus 
Avhat  is  provided  and  intended  for  the  maintenance  of  the  soldier  is  diviTted  to  other 
purposes,  and  has  to  be  purchased  with  funds  arising  from  sale  of  savings  of  other 
])ortion3  of  the  ration. 

Ju  the  interest  of  the  soldier,  it  is  respijctfully  suggested  that  a  modification  of  the 
regulation  governing  this  matter  should  bo  made  to  the  extent  of  allowing  the  issue 
to  companies  of  a  ])ortion  of  the  savings  of  flour — say,  two  ounces  per  day  i)er  ration. 

The  national  cemeteries,  wliieli  have  been  inspecteil  as  required  by 
General  Orders  No.  17,  Adjutant-General's  Otli(;e,  of  1882,  are  reported 
to  be  in  iine  condition. 

T]ie  post  cemeteries  are  not  in  good  condition,  and  I  invite  special 
attention  to  the  following  extract  from  the  annual  report  of  ]\Iaj.  liichard 
Arnold : 

The  post  cemeteries  seem  to  call  for  more  attention.  Those  sacred  idaces  are  almost 
forgotten  in  some  instances,  anil  Aery  little,  if  anything,  is  done  to  beautify  or  keej) 
them  in  proper  condition.  I  would  suggest  that  some  such  interest  as  is  manifested 
for  national  cemeteries  be  shown  for  i)ost  cemeteries ;  that  marble  stones  be  substi- 
tuted for  wooden  head-boards;  that  neat  and  appro]triate  fences  be  constructed; 
and  that  some  appropriation  be  made  lor  beautifying  and  keeping  the  grounds  in 
Older. 

In  my  annual  report  for  last  year  I  called  attention  to  the  fact  that 
General  Orders  ISTo.  24,  Adjutant-General's  Office,  February  22,  1881,  in 
regard  to  the  sale  of  intoxicating  liquor  at  military  jmsts,  was  not  hav- 
ing the  desired  effect  of  promoting  or  inducing  tem})erance  in  the  Army, 
and  I  again  invite  attention  to  the  views  of  some  inspecting  oOicers  on 
this  subject. 

Lieut.  Col.  W.  B.  Eoyall,  Department  of  the  Platte,  says : 

As  regards  the  sale  of  spirituous  liquors  at  military  posts  and  on  military  reserva- 
tions, I'would  respectfully  call  atteuti(Ui  to  my  remarks  upon  this  subject  contained 
in  my  last  annual  report.  I  am  still  of  the  opinion  that  a  moditicatiou  of  the  onlers, 
allowing  a  restricted  sale  of  li([Uors,  would  be  for  the  be.st  interests  of  the  service. 
As  it  is  now  the  eidisted  men  go  to  the  outskirts  of  the  n^servatiou,  or  some  secret  spot 
within  the  reservation,  to  obtain  the  vilest  kind  of  liquor.  Under  rigid  rules  and 
]t('nalties,  to  be  closely  observed  by  inspectors,  the  sale  of  intoxicating  liquors  by  post- 
traders  could  be  kept  within  decency. 

Maj.  A.  K.  Arnold,  Department  of  Arizona,  says : 

Notwithstanding  the  order  forbidding  the  sale  of  intoxicating  liquors  by  post-traders, 
the  men  obtain  it,  the  order  being  a  premium  for  liquor  venders  to  i)itch  their  camps 
as  near  n'servatious  as  possible  ami  sell  the  vilest  compounds.  It  would  be  better 
to  control  the  evil  at  the  jiosts,  as  these  dens  li'iid  to  absence,  desertion,  debauchery, 
and  in  sevfial  instauci-s  to  drunken  brawls,  rcsulling  in  death  hy  tin-  fii'('  use  of  the 
knife  and  i>istol.     'these  places  arc  also  the  receptacles  for  stolen  public  property. 

The  Indian  question  has  long  engaged  the  attention  and  study  ot 
military  men,  statesmen,  i»liilanthroj)ists,  and  others.  Diversity  of 
opinion  is  not  wanting,  and  it  may  be  a  long  time  belore  a  correct  solu- 
tion is  obtained,  and  the  "problem,''  as  many  term  it,  demonslrated. 

In  this  connection,  all  facts  from  a  reliable  source  and  the  views  of 
those  who  are  brought  into  actual  contact  with  our  aboriginal  p()i)ula- 
tion  are  of  value,  anil  iVom  the  annual  reports  of  Col.  N.  iJ.  Davis  and 
]Maj.  A.  K.  Arnold  !  present  the  following  interesting  statements : 

Colonel  Davis  remarks: 

There  have  been  no  Indian  hostilities  of  much  note  in  the  division  (Missouri),  ex- 
cept Irom  the  Apaches  in  New  Mexieit  and  Arizona.  Outbreaks  in  other  tribes  have 
been  thrc:itened.  They  require  constant  watching  anil  the  restraining  iuOueuco  of  a 
military  force  to  ])reserve  the  peace  and  protect  the  frontier  settlements. 

Trouiile  with  Indians  sometimes  arises  from  causes  for  which  they  may  not  be  held 
responsible.  The  following,  being  au  extract  from  the  report  of  an  inspection  of 
Fort  Shaw,  Montana,  is  submitted  in  connection  with  this  subject: 

"Some  weeks  since,  Mr.  Young,  agent  for  tho   Pieguu  Iudian||i  at  the  Blackfoct 


348  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 

Agency,  80  miles  iiortli  of  this  post,  adtlivssed  ine  a  coinnniiiication,  representing 
Ihat  lie  had  received  an  order  from  the  Indian  Department,  directing  that  the  amount 
of  ration  issued  his  tribe  should  bo  re<luced  ;  that  he  was  fearful  of  the  consequences, 
and  desiring  tliat  troo])s  should  be  sent  to  this  neighborhood. 

"  Ocneral  Rnger,  to  whom  the  matter  was  referred,  directed  me  to  order  Captain 
Moale,  Avith  Company  A,  Third  Infantry,  and  a  mounted  detachment  of  twelve  men 
(encam))od  at  'Whoop-np  Crossing,'  on  the  Marias  Kiver)  to  take  post  within  12 
miles  of  tli(^  agejicy,  on  ]}irch  Creelc,  to  Avhich  point  I  was  snbseqiiejilly  ordered  to 
send  (,'a))tain  KenI",  with  Companies  F  and  (i,  Tliird  Infantry. 

"  These  troops  .ire  still  in  camp  there  Whilst  the  i^iegans  are  quiet,  I  think  there 
can  >ie  no  jiossible  doul)t  that  Ihei/  arc  sinijily  hi  a  slarriii;/  couditioH.  I  have  mail-e 
])i(»p('r  rc}»resi'n1ations  through  General  Rnger,  asking  that  a  j-cliabh!  insjM'clor  hi 
sent  to  the  agency  to  make  .'i  thorough  investigation,  accompanied  by  tlie  report  ol 
Captains  Kent  and  Moale  and  Lieutenant  Hannay,  setting  forth  the  rcsuKs  of  t'lieir 
observations.  Hard,  hard  indeed,  is  the  lot  of  this  little  band,  whose  conduct  has 
))een  remarkably  good,  considering  the  very  trying  circnmstances  to  which  they  have 
])een  subjected.  If,  indeed,  their  mute  appeal  for  help  should  fail  to  receive  ]iropev 
recognit  ion,  I  can  only  hope  that  the  attention  of  kindly  disposed  persons  throughout 
the  States  may  in  some  way  lie  called  to  their  case,  in  order  that  mucli  needed  aid 
may  reach  them  at  an  early  juoment. 

"GEORGE  GIBSON, 
" Lieutenant- Coloyiel  Third  Tnfaniry." 

Maj.  A.  K.  Arnold  (Arizona)  says  as  follows: 

Since  my  last  anniial  report  four  Indian  outbreaks  have  occurred. 

The  tirst,  known  as  the  Cibicu  affair,  occurred  on  the  30th  day  of  August,  1881. 
The  second,  known  as  the  Chiricahua  outbreak,  occurred  on  the  29th  of  September, 
18-^1.  The  history  of  these  outbreaks  is  well  known,  and  for  information  in  regard  to 
them  I  refer  to  the  annual  and  supplementary  reports  of  the  department  commander, 
for  the  year  1881. 

The  third  outbreak  occurred  on  the  19tli  of  April,  1882,  when  Loco,  with  his  band 
of  Warm  Spring  Indians,  left  the  San  Carlos  Reservation,  being  aided  by  the  Chi- 
ricahua bauds  of  Juh,  Geronimo,  and  Nachize,  who  broke  from  the  reservation  in 
September,  1881,  and  have  roamed  in  Mexico  ever  since.  It  appears  that  ])ortions  of 
the  above  bauds  left  Mexico  in  small  parties,  coming  into  Arizona  via  New  Mexico, 
first  rendezvousing  in  the  mountains,  on  tlie  western  borders  of  New  Mexico,  and 
when  all  was  ready,  appeared  at  Steven's  Ranch,  on  Eagle  Creek,  Arizona,  committing 
depredations,  and  from  that  point  sending  aid  to  Loco,  on  the  reservation,  wBo,  with 
his  band,  consisting  of  about  thirty  warriors  and  a  number  of  women  and  children, 
left,  moving  east,  crossing  the  San  Francisco  River  in  the  vicinity  of  Clifton  ; 
thence  moving  south  in  the  Peloncillo  Range,  New  Mexico,  ci'ossing  the  San  Simon 
Valley  to  the  Chiricahua  Mountains,  Arizona,  and,  recrossing  it,  moved  in  a  south- 
eastei-ly  direction  towards  Janos,  Mexico.  Troops  were  promptly  put  in  pursuit ; 
others  were  l>roiight  into  position  to  head  the  Indians  off;  the  result  being  tliat  they 
were  overtaken  (in  the  Las  Animas  Mountains,  New  Mexico,  April  24,  1882)  by  the 
troops  of  tliis  department  (Arizona),  under  the  command  of  Capt.  T.  C.  Tupper, 
Sixth  Cavalry,  who  handled  them  severely,  killing  seventeen  warriors  and  captur- 
ing seventy-live  head  of  stock;  his  own  loss  being  very  slight,  one  enlisted  man 
killed  and  one  wounded.  The  retreating  Indians  were  the  next  day  struck  by  the 
Mexican  troops,  and  after  a  severe  struggle,  it  is  said,  were  almost  annihilated.  From 
the  time  the  band  left  the  reservation  to  the  time  when  it  was  struck  by  the  troops 
in  the  Las  Animas  Mountains,  forty-two  civilians  had  been  murdered  or  maimed. 

The  fourth  outbreak  occurred  in  July  last.  On  issue  day,  July  6,  a  number  of  the 
Cibicu  renegades  and  scouts  killed  tlie  chief  of  police,  Colvig,  and  one  of  the  Indian 
police.  These  Indians  then  started  oil',  going  in  a  northerly  direction,  being  heard  of 
tirst  at  McMillenville,  where  they  burned  several  houses  and  wounded  one  man.  Con- 
tinuing towards  Salt  River,  they  committed  depredations  and  ran  off  the  horses  of  a 
company  of  militia  from  Globe,  who  had  gone  after  them.  From  Sfilt  River  they  pro- 
ceeded up  Cherry  Creek  to  Pleasant  Valley,  aud  after  running  oti"  some  stock  and 
killing  several  persons  living  in  Pleasant  Valley,  continued  their  course  northward. 
Troo])s  were  dispatched  as  soon  as  possible  from  Forts  Apache,  McDowell,  Thomas, 
and  AYhip])le  Barracks,  all  converging  on  the  trail  leading  into  the  MogoUon  Mount- 
ains about  where  it  crossed  the  East  Fork  of  the  Verde.  Capt.  A.  R.  Chatfee,  Sixth 
Cavalry,  beiug  a  day  ahead  of  the  other  columns,  came  upon  the  Indians,  well  fortified, 
at  a  point  in  Dry  Wash  Caiion,  about  8  miles  north  of  General's  Spring.  He  com- 
menced an  attack  upon  them,  and  was  soonjoiued  by  the  column  from  Apache,  under 
Maj.  A.  W.  Evans,  Third  Cavalry.  A  severe  engagement,  lasting  until  night,  was 
fought,  in  which  sixteen  warriors  wer<>  killed,  seven  women  and  children  captured, 
wtth  all  the  stock,  consisting  of  one  hundred  or  more  head,  killed  or  captured. 

All  other  Indians  in  the  department  have  been  at  peace.     The  Hualpais,  about  700 


REPORT  OF  The  secretary  of  wak.       340 

stroug,  wlio  roam  'lO  to  100  uiilcs  north  and  west  of  Prescott,  are  in  a  ba<l  condi- 
tion. Their  himtiug-grouuds  and  water-holes  have  all  been  taken  np  by  ranchmen, 
w'lio,  it  \»  reported,  in  some  eases,  liave  refused  them  water  even  for  drinking  pur- 
])Oses.  It  may  be  tiiilj'  said  that  they  have  no  place  to  live  or  anything  to  subsist 
upon.  The  few  seeds  they  gather  ami  the  iej>tiles  they  catch  are  nol  sulhcient  for 
them.  Tliey  become  restive  during  tlie  winter,  and  I  believe  have  only  been  kept 
from  marauding  because  the  War  Department  has  fed  them. 

It  is  recommended  that  a  reservation  bo  set  apart  for  them,  and  that  it  be  placed 
nnder  the  charge  of  the  War  Department,  as  these  Indians  have  the  fullest  contidence 
in  the  officers,  who  have  had  everything  to  do  with  them  since  they  were  whipped  into 
submission.  "  »  "  \yg  J^avo  now  among  us  several  tribes  whose  bearing  towards 
us  is  peaceful,  and  has  been  i'nr  a  number  of  years.  Among  them  are  the  Yumas,  on 
the  Colorado  IJiver,  and  the  Hualpais,  north  and  west  of  us.  These  Indians,  because 
they  do  not  go  on  the  war-path,  are  neglected;  they  are  living  in  abject  poverty, 
and  are  becoming  more  and  more  debase<l  by  contact  with  the  whites.  .Something 
should  be  done  to  reclaim  them.  It  is  suggested  |hat  this  matter  be  brought  to  the 
notice  of  the  authorities  wh»  have  the  power  to  ameliorate  and  better  the  conilition 
of  the  tribes. 

The  quarterly  inspections  of  Leavenworth  Military  Prison,  required 
by  law,  have  been  made  during  the  year  by  Inspector-General  Davis, 
and  he  refers  thereto  in  his  annual  report  as  follows : 

The  condition  of  the  military  prison,  at  my  ditferent  inspections  thereof,  has  been 
excellent,  and  the  systom  of  its  management,  under  the  charge  of  Jivt.  Col.  A.  P. 
Blunt,  captain,  A.  Q.  M.,  its  governor,  is  admirable  and  in  accordance  with  the  law 
for  its  establishment. 

At  present  all  the  boots  and  shoes,  ambulance  audiuulc  harness,  brooms,  and  cliairs 
for  the  Army  are  manufactured  there  by  tie  jjiisoners,  in  addition  to  other  shop 
work;  ami  a  large  number  of  the  prisoners  are  employed  outside  the  prison,  at  w(uk 
in  connection  with  the  erection  of  new  buildings  at  Fort  Leavenworth,  or  on  account 
of  said  post.  *  »  *  i  recommend  that  an  oflicer  of  suitable  rank  be  appointed  as 
assistant  to  Colonel  Blunt.  Colonel  Bluut's  etticient  executive  ability  and  thorough 
knowledge  of  machinery  make  him  especially  well  fitted  for  the  responsible  and  im- 
])ortjmt  ]K)sition  of  governor;  and,  in  consideration  of  liis  threat  res]>onsibilities,  long- 
continued  aiul  eflicient  labors,  resulting  in  the  great  success  of  this  institution,  I  re- 
iterate my  recommendations  heretofore  made,  and  urge  that,  in  him|dc  justice,  he 
should  have  the  ])aj'  of  his  brevet  rank  of  colonel,  to  which  he  has  been  assigned  by 
the  President  of  the  United  States. 

The  matter  of  horse  medicines,  I  think,  requires  looking  into.  The 
list  of  these  medicines  has  grown  to  be  very  large,  aiul  the  quantity 
furnished  to  companies  is  far  beyond  the  necessities  of  the  service. 
The  grojiter  portion  sent  is  i^ot  needed  and  is  never  used;  so  I  am  in- 
formed by  experienced  cavalry  officers.  A  large  amount  of  money  could 
be  saved  yearly  by  a  careful  ehmination  from  the  list  of  those  medicines 
rarely  used  and  not  actually  needed.  , 

In  former  times,  Avhen  a  captain  of  cavalry  was  his  own  veterinary 
surgeon,  and  coidd  ha\'e  a  small  quantity  of  ah)es,  glauher  .salts,  blue- 
stone,  castile  soap,  and  luustang  liniment,  with  a  bottle  of  ammonia  (for 
snake  bites)  on  hand,  he  felt  himself  anq)lysui)pIiod  for  anyemcrgtMicy. 
At  the  present  time  there  is  no  end  to  the  kimls  of  horse  me<li('incs  [)iu"- 
chased  (not  really  needed),  and  at  a  very  considerable  outlay  of  mont'y. 
I  do  not  see  that  the  cavalry  mounts  of  the  present  day  are  in  any  better 
condition  than  those  of  former  times,  nor  do  they  last  any  greater  num- 
ber of  years. 

The  General  of  the  Army,  in  his  last  annual  report,  recommended  an 
increase  of  seven  officers  for  the  lns])ect<»r-Cienerars  J)e])artment,  the 
honorable  Secretary  of  War  concurring  in  the  recommendation  of  the 
General.  Bills  for  an  increase  of  the  d<^partment  were  introduced  in 
both  Houses  during  the  last  session  of  Congress.  The  department  cer- 
taiidy  shoidd  be  increased,  and  by  about  the  number  of  otlicers  sug- 
gested by  General  tSherinan. 

1  tnist  the  General  will  r<'new  this  recommendation  in  his  report  for 
the  present  year.    I  can  see  no  reason  why  there  slioidd  be  any  objec- 


350  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYmG    THE 

tioiV  from  any  source  to  this  incrcaso;  juul  were  the  matter  ]>roperly 
presente<l,  I  think  Conp<'ss  wonhl  see  and  appreciate  the  imj)(>rtance 
and  nselnlness  of  the  Inspector- General's  Department,  and  the  necessity 
for  more  oilicers  therein. 

Tlio  department  now  consists  (as  the  law  is  construed)  of  fiv(5  olTieers 
only.  Ei<;ht  oilicers,  in  addition,  are  detaihnl  from  the  line  for  duty 
therein  ;  the  services  of  this  number  l)eing  indispensable  for  the  proper 
performance  of  the  duties  of  the  department.  Could  it  be  increased  by 
five  oflicers,  selected  from  the  Army  solely  for  their  known  j,'entlemanly 
and  soldierly  qualities,  the  department  would  be  made  indei)endent, 
self-reliant,  and  efficient,  and  would  be  rendered  in  the  highest  degree 
useful  and  beneficial  to  the  military  service. 

The  detail  of  the  eight  officers  for  duty  in  the  department  deprives 
the  regiments  to  which  they  belong  of  their  services,  and  on  many  occa- 
sions when  much  needed. 

During  the  recent  Indian  outbreak  in  Arizona,  two  cavalry  regiments 
were,  each  of  them,  deprived  of  the  services  of  a  valuable  field  officer. 
No  doubt  these  officers  regretted  exceedingly  being  on  detached  service 
while  their  regiments  were  engaged  in  active  field  operations.  But, 
OAving  to  the  importance  of  their  duties  to  the  Inspector-General's  De- 
partment, they  could  not  be  relieved ;  and  their  services,  when  much 
wanted,  were  lost  to  the  regiments. 

It  appears  to  me  no  more  than  reasonable  and  wise  that  the  depart- 
ment should  be  composed  of  a  sufficient  number  of  efficient  and  ener- 
getic officers  for  the  full  and  ])roper  performance  of  its  duties ;  and  that 
regiments  should  not  be  deprived  of  their  most  valuable  officers  by  de- 
tails that  detach  them  permanently  from  their  legitimate  duties  with 
their  regiments. 

I  wish  to  call  attention  to  a  class  of  officers  of  the  Army  who,  in  my 
judgment,  should  have  been  especially  provided  for  in  the  legislation 
on  compulsory  retirement.  I  regard  it  the  province  of  the  Inspector- 
General,  perhaps  more  than  that  of  any  other  officer  in  the  Army,  to 
call  attention  to  any  matter  in  which  he  conceives  an  officer  or  a  class 
of  officers  has  not  received  just  recognition  for  meritorious  services  ren- 
dered. 

I  refer  to  the  officers  of  the  Army  who*  during  the  war  of  the  rebel- 
lion, held  the  commission  of  major-general  or  brigadier-general ;  who 
commanded  an  army,  corps,  division,  or  brigade  in  the  field  and  in  bat- 
tle ;  and  who,  at  the  close  of  the  war,  received  no  promotion  in  the  way 
of  reward  for  their  war  services,  and  who  returned  to  their  places  and 
duties  in  their  respective  corps  or  regiments,  without  any  increase  of 
rank  over  that  held  by  them  at  the  breaking  out  of  the  insurrection. 
These  officers  (few  in  number),  I  contend,  are,  by  right,  justly  entitled  to 
have  their  war  services  recognized  in  some  honorable  and  fitting  man- 
ner by  their  government. 

A  simple  method  to  this  end  would  be  the  enactment  of  a  law  giving 
to  anv  one  of  this  class  of  officers,  on  reaching  the  legal  age  for  retire- 
mentj  the  rank  and  retired  pay  of  the  next  higher  grade  to  the  one  he 
holds. 

I  make  this  suggestion,  hoping  that  the  honorable  Secretary  of  AVar 
and  the  Genc^ral  of  the  Ai-my  may  coincide  with  my  vicAvs,  and  that 
they  may  feel  justified  in  recommending  and  urging  upon  Congress 
favorable  legislation  for  the  benefit  of  these  deserving  officers.  A\'hat 
is  here  asked  has  been — in  at  least  two  instances— extended  to  oflicers 
through  special  legislation,  who  were  in  no  Avay  more  deserving  of  this 
reward  than  the  officers  for  whom  general  legislation  is  now  suggested. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  3ol 

It  may  not  be  out  of  place  for  me  to  state  here  that,  personally,  I  vcniUl 
lie  in  no  way  alfi'cted  or  benelited  by  the  enactment  of  a  law  to  this  end. 

Another  matter,  could  it  l)e  accomi)lished,  would  be,  in  time  of  peace, 
of  the  greatest  value  to  the  iService.  Xow  that  the  Army  has  been  {^iveu 
compulsoiy  retireiuent,  it  shouhl  likewise  be  given  compulsory  promo- 
tion, or  i)romotion  by  seniority,  to  the  very  highest  grades. 

This,  once  brought  about,  would,  in  my  opinion,  result  in  the  great- 
est good  to  the  Arniy.  It  would  destroy  and  end,  in  a  great  measure, 
all  strife,  intrigue,  <S:c.,  for  place  and  promotion.  It  would  certainly 
relieve  the  President,  Secretary  of  War,  General  of  the  Army,  Adju- 
tant-General, Senators,  Kepreseutatives,  and  many  others  of  a  world  of 
importunity,  annoyance,  and  vexation. 

During-  time  of  peace,  promotion  by  seniority  to  the  chief  in  each  de- 
partment, corps,  and  bureau  of  the  statf,  and  in  the  line  to  the  grade 
of  major-general  (to  General  and  Lieutenant  General  should  these  grades 
be  continued),  would  be  far  more  equitable,  would  give  just  as  etlicient 
officers,  and  would  give  more  general  satisfaction  to  the  Army  than  pro- 
motion by  selection.  Inlluence  could  not  be  made  to  outweigh  ability, 
merit,  and  long,  faithful,  and  honorable  service.  An  ohicer  who  hail 
given  the  best  years  of  his  life  to  his  country,  serving  it,  nnder  all  cir- 
cumstances, faithfully,  honestly,  and  with  credit,  and  had  after  long 
years  reached  the  raidc  of  colonel,  might  stand  some  little  chance  of 
being  retired  from  active  service  as  a  brigadier-general,  while  younger 
men  can  well  afford  to  await  their  turn. 

Could  proper  legislation  be  had  to  this  end,  the  benefit  that  would 
accrue  to  the  Army  by  the  elimination  of  all  scheming,  strife,  intrigue, 
and  influence  for  i)romotiou  would  be  of  inestimable  value  in  elevating 
its  tone,  honor,  and  morale. 

I  desire  to  call  attention  to  the  working  of  the  rules  laid  down  in  Gen- 
eral Orders  i^To.  80,  of  1876,  on  leaves  of  absence. 

By  referring  to  the  order  it  will  be  seen  that  four  acts  of  Congress  are 
involved,  viz,  those  of  1863,  18G-I,  1874,  and  1S7G.  They  are  numbered 
and  referred  to  in  the  order  as  1,  2,  3,  4,  respectively. 

By  No.  1,  all  ofticers  whilst  on  ordinary  leave  forfeit  half  their  pay  and 
allowances;  Xo.  U  amends  Xo.  1  so  as  to  give  ollicers  thirty  days'  leave 
in  any  one  year  without  forfeiture  of  pjiy  or  allowances ;  Ko.  3  i>rovides 
that  all  officers  stationed  Avest  of  Omaha  and  north  of  southern  boun- 
dary of  Arizona  should  be  allowed  sixty  days'  leave  in  two  years,  or 
three  months  in  three  years,  or  four  months  in  four  year  i)eriods;  and 
No.  4  extends  the  same  privilege  to  all  officers  wherever  stationed,  and 
thus,  so  far  as  ])rivileges  are  concerned,  as  completely  rei)laces  and  super- 
sedes the  previous  laws  1,  2,  3  as  if  the  latter  were  rei)ealed. 

It  is  the  rule  laid  down  in  the  general  order  for  charging  leaves  of 
absence  that  makes  the  mischief,  and  virtually  abrogates  the  benefits 
conferred  by  the  law  of  1876.  The  ruling  is  based,  1  understand,  on 
the  idea  that  all  the  laws  are  in  force,  and  all  the  decisions  of  the  Comp- 
troller or  the  Treasury  nnder  each  law  juust  have  effect.  Although  the 
last  law  supersedes  tlie  others,  especially  the  second,  so  as  to  allow  offi- 
cers to  accunudate  their  leaves  so  as  not  to  exceed  four  months  at  a 
time  (or  in  any  given  four-year  period). 

This  is  done  by  charging  any  leave  an  officer  may  take  (see  menio- 
raiKlum  and  examjiles,  pages  5,  6,  7  of  order),  first,  to  thecurient  leave 
year  (although  the  leave  for  that  year  be  not  yet  earued),  until  its 
month  is  exhausted;  second  (after  the  allowance  for  the  current  year 
is  exhausted),  to  the  next  preceding  year  until  all  its  credits"  are 
exhausted ;  third,  to  the  next  or  second  preceding  year  iu  like  manner; 


.'>52  TAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    TIFE 

jiiul,  fonrtli,  to  the  m-xt  or  third  ])r('<;odins  leave  yc;u'.  All  credits  in 
any  year  prewnliii^-  the  tbiirtli  (counted  backward)  an;  foifeited  by  liiiiita- 
ti«n. 

This  system  is  complicated  and  oppressive,  and  it  coiiqiletely  defeats 
the  object  of  tlie  law,  whicli  was  to  allow  oli[i(;ers  one  month's  hiave  for 
each  year  of  service,  with  the  pi-ivilege  of  accnmnlating  ibur  months. 
Whatever  the  necessity  for  this  rule  at  the  time,  becanse  of  jirevions 
laws  and  leaves  granted  nnder  tliem,  the  lapse  of  time  has  removed  the 
necessity,  and  officers  shonld  now  have  the  full  benefit  of  the  law. 

The  remedy  is  simple.  Let  all  leaves  of  absence  l)e  charged  against 
the  months'  leaves  that  have  been  longest  due.  Tlie  law  admits  of  this, 
and  it  is  the  reasonable  rule.  Any  leave  taken  should  cancel  the  leave 
longest  due,  and  an  officer  having  leaves  due  him  for  1880,  1881,  1882, 
and  1883,  ought  not  to  be  compelled,  whether  or  not,  to  take  those  of 
1883,  1882,  and  1881  "before  he  could  be  allowed  to  take  that  of  1880, 
which  he  had  a  perfect  right  to  take,  four  years  ago. 

The  law  intended,  evidently,  that  an  officer  should  be  allowed,  if  his 
services  could  be  spared,  at  the  rate  of  one  month  in  a  year,  with  the 
right  to  accumulate.  It  is  not  just  to  establish  a  rule  by  which  he  is 
deiu'ived  of  this  alloAvance  of  time  by  a  mod(3  of  reckoning  which  will 
force  him  to  give  up  his  time,  or  take  it  when  he  does  not  want  it. 

The  law  ought  to  be  repealed  altogether;  it  arose  out  of  the  necessi- 
ties of  the  war;  worked  badly  in  everj' respect ;  has  greatly  extended 
the  struggle  to  get  orders,  so  as  to  save  forfeiture;  and  we  can  well 
return  to  the  old  system  by  which,  when  their  services  could  be  spared, 
officers  could  get  leaves  from  their  commanders. 

In  compliance  with  instructions  received  from  the  War  Department, 
I  reported  to  Lieuten ant-General  Sheridan,  in  time  to  accompany  him 
on  a  tour  of  inspection  and  reconnaissance  through  a  portion  of  his 
military  division. 

Left  Chicago,  August  1,  and  proceeded  by  rail  as  far  as  Green  Ki>er 
station  on  the  Union  Pacific  Road,  and  by  wheels  to  Fort  Washakie, 
Wyo.  From  this  military  post,  on  the  Little  AViud  liiver,  took  saddle- 
horses  and  pack-animals,  crossed  to  the  main  Wind  Eiver,'  ascended 
this  stream  to  its  very  source ;  then  crossed  over  the  Continental  Di- 
vide (by  a  most  excellent  and  easy  pass,  heretofore  unknown)  to  the 
headwaters  of  the  East  Fork  of  the  Gros  Ventre  Eiver ;  down  this  to 
the  Gros  Ventre,  and  down  the  latter  river  to  near  its  junction  with 
Snake  Eiver,  in  the  basin  just  under  and  east  of  the  famous  Tetons. 
Thence  north,  along  the  Snake  and  the  shores  of  Jackson,  Lewis,  and 
Shoshone  Lakes,  crossing  again  the  Continental  Divide,  to  the  head- 
waters of  the  I'irehole  River,  and  down  it  to  the  Upper  and  Lower 
Geyser  Basins — the  Wonder  Land. 

From  here  crossed  the  divide  separating  the  waters  of  the  Madison 
from  those  of  the  Yellowstone,  visited  the  wonders  of  this  last-named 
river,  and  then  along  its  left  bank  to  Baronett's  Bridge,  where  it  was 
crossed.  From  this  point,  by  an  easterly  course  up  and  along  the  East 
Fork  of  the  Yellowstone  and  Bute  Creek,  to  the  source  of  this  latter 
stream  at  Cook  City,  a  tow]i  surrouiided  by  extraordinarih'  rich  silver 
and  gold  mines. 

From  this  mining  town  passed  over  a  high  divide  to  the  headwaters  of 
Clark's  Fork:  thence  across  the  snow-capped  Beartooth  Mountains,  rc- 
jyorted  impassable  hi/  old  mountain  {inide-s  familiar  with  the  country,  and 
the  Jirst  time  ever  snccessfully  passed  over  by  troops.  Descended  from  this 
range  of  mountains,  by  a  precipitous  trail,  into  the  valley  of  Clark's 
Fork  below  or  east  of  its  famous  eanon,  and  down  the  wide  and  beauti- 


KEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  853 

fill  valley  ol'  Clark's  Fork  to  its  (leboiichuie  iu  the  Yellowstoue.  At 
this  point,  the  Yellowstone  was  crossed  by  a  good  ford,  and,  after  a  march 
of  4  miles  along-  its  left  bank,  took,  on  August  31,  tUe  cai\s  on  the  North- 
ern Pacific  llailway,  and  in  the  afternoon  of  September  3  reached  Chi- 
cago. 

For  almost  the  entire  distance  from  Fort  Washakie  to  the  railway 
bridge  crossing  the  Yellowstone  at  Coulsou,  tlie  scenery  is  grand  beyond 
description,  (irasses  for  ])asturage,  rich  and  nutritious;  timber  abun- 
dant, and  of  good  size;  and  everywhere  numerous  tine,  clear,  cold,  rapid 
streams  of  most  excellent  water  (teeming  with  trout)  are  to  be  found. 
Kich  placer  gold  mines  have  been  discovered  and  are  being  worked  in 
the  Teton  Basin,  on  the  (Iros  Ventre  and  on  the  Buffalo  Fork  ot  Snake 
lliver. 

The  distance  made  by  rail  was  2,715  miles,  on  wlieels  150  miles,  and 
in  the  saddle  442,  making  the  total  distance  traveled  3,307  miles. 

1  merely  allude,  in  a  concise  manner,  to  this  exceedingly  interesting 
and  enjoyable  reconnaissance,  knowing  that,  under  the  direction  of  the 
Lieutenant-Geueral,  Lieuteuaut-Colonel  Gregory,  aide-de-camp,  will  ren- 
der a  very  complete  and  entertaining  rei)ort  to  the  War  Department. 

For  reasons  fully  set  forth  by  my  predecessor,  General  11.  B.  ]\rarc3-, 
and  in  my  annual  report  for  last  year,  1  renew  my  recomnn^ndation 
that  the  Inspector-CJenerars  Department  be  placed  on  an  erpial  footing 
with  other  staff  departments  as  regards  clerical  assistance,  and  urge  that 
in  the  next  annual  estimates  for  the  Army  an  item  of  84,800  be  inserted, 
for  payment  of  three  third-class  clerks  for  service  in  the  olhce  of  Inspect- 
or-General at  headquarters  of  the  Military  Divisions  of  the  Missouri, 
tlie  Atlantic,  and  the  Pacific. 

Kespectfully  submitted. 

D.  B.  SACKET, 
Briyadier  and  Inspector  General,  U.  S.  A. 

The  ADJlITA]NT-(iENERAL,  UNITED   STATES  ARMY. 

Note. — In  the  matter  of  the  Piegan  Indians,  referred  to  in  the  in- 
spection of  Fort  Shaw,  I  have  been  informed,  since  this  report  was  pre- 
pared, that  the  Commissioner  of  Indian  Affairs  has  ordered  the  con- 
tractors to  deliver  to  the  tribe  25  per  centum  additional  beef  and  flour. 


KEPURT  Ol'^  LlEUTENANT-GENEPtAL  SlilOlilDAN. 

J1eadquartp:rs  ^Military  Division  of  the  Missouri, 

Chicago,  III.,  October  20,  1882. 

General:  Foi-  tlu'  informiition  of  the  Genernl  of  tlie  Army,  I  have 
the  honor  ta  submit  the  following  report,  covering  operations  within  the 
limits  of  my  command  during  the  i)ast  year,  and  inclose  herewith  the 
ie])orts  of  the  several  department  (iommandeis. 

Since  my  last  annual  report,  <lated  October  22,  18S1,  no  change  has 
taken  })l;ice  in  tlie  organi/ation  of  tlie  division,  wliich  consists  of  the 
Departments  of  Dakota,  the  I'latte,  the,  ^Missouri,  and  Texas, 

Tlie  Department  of  Dalcota  is  commanded  by  l>iig.  Gen.  A.  Il.'i'eiry. 
I'lid  eomi)risesthe  State  of  .Minnesota  and  the  Territories  of  Dakota  and 
^Montana.  It  is  garrisoned  by  twenty  permanent  posts,  a  camp  at  l'oi»- 
lar  Kiver,  Montana,  and  a  cantonment  at  Bad  Lands,  which  is  ordered 
abandoned.  ^ 

23  Ab 


354  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 

The  Dopartineiit  of  the  Platto.  ooniprises  the  States  of  Iowa  and  Ne- 
]>r:i8ka,  the  Territories  of  Wyoniiiifr  and  Utah,  and  a  portion  of  Idaho. 
It  contains  fourteen  ]Kinnanent  ]>osts,  ineludinfj  tiie  new  ])0st  of  Fort 
Thornbnr;ih.  l>riff.  (Jen.  George  Crook  was  relieved  from  command  of 
this  dei)artment  by  Brig.  Gen.  O.  O.  Howard  on  September  1  last. 

The  IJepartment  of  tlie  Missouri  is  commanded  by  Brig.  Gen.  John 
Pope,  and  comprises  the  States  of  Illinois,  Missouri,  Kansiis,  and  Colo- 
ra(lo,  the  Indian  Territory,  and  the  Territory  of  New  Mexico,  together 
with  the  posts  of  Fort  Elliott  and  Fort  Bliss,  Texas.  The  department 
is  garrisoned  by  twenty  permanent  posts,  with  camps  at  White  Itiver 
and  at  the  Uucompahgro  Kiver,  in  Colorado,  and  one  at  Snake  River, 
in  AVyoming. 

The  Department  of  Texas  consists  of  the  State  of  Texas,  and  is  com- 
manded by  Brig.  Gen.  C.  C.  Augnr.  The  garrisons  include  ten  perma- 
nent posts,  two  of  which,  Forts  McKavett  and  Stockton,  have  been 
ordered  abandoned,  and  ten  camps  and  subposts  along  the  south- 
western frontier. 

During  the  past  yeiiT  the  force  in  the  division  has  been  reduced  by 
the  transfer  of  the  Third  Cavalry  from  the  Department  of  the  Platte, 
and  the  First  Infantry  from  the  Department  of  Texas,  to  the  Military 
Division  of  the  Pacific.  The  Third  Cavalry  was  at  first  ordered  to  be 
replaced  by  the  Twelfth  Infantry  from  the  Division  of  the  Pacific,  but 
the  last-named  regiment  was  immediately  transferred  to  the  Military 
Division  of  the  Atlantic,  and  in  lieu  thereof  three  light  batteries  of 
artillery  were  ordered  from  that  division.  To  garrison  the  military 
posts  in  this  division  there  are  now  seven  regiments  of  cavalry,  nine- 
teen regiments  of  infantry,  and  four  batteries  of  light  artillery,  aggre- 
gating 13,854  officers  and  men,  distributed  as  follows: 

Department  of  Dakota — two  regiments  of  cavalry,  1,284;  seven  regi- 
ments of  infantry,  3,243;  one  battery  of  light  artillery,  Co;  total,  4,5U2. 

Department  of  the  Platte — one  regiment  of  cavalry,  65li;  three  regi- 
ments of  infantry,  1,323 ;  one  battery  of  light  artillery.  Go ;  total,  2,040. 

Department  of  the  Missouri — two  regiments  of  cavalry,  1,413 ;  six 
regiments  of  infantry,  2,844;  and  one  battery  of  light  artillery,  05. 
Stationed  at  the  school  of  application  for  cavalrj-^  and  infantry,  at  Fort 
Leavenworth,  Kans.,  besides  companies  belonging  to  other  departments 
of  this  division,  viz:  Troops  G,  Seventh  Cavalry,  57,  and  M,  Eighth  Cav- 
alry, 62;  Companies  A,  Fourth  Infantry,  39,  and  G,  Eleventh  Infantry, 
42.  There  are  also  one  troop  of  the  Third  Cavalry  and  one  company  of 
the  First  Infantry,  both  of  which  belong  to  regiments  transferred  dur- 
ing the  past  year  to  the  Division  of  the  Pacific.  Total  strength  of  troops 
in  the  Department  of  the  Missouri,  4,626. 

Department  of  Texas — two  regiments  of  cavalry,  1,383;  three  regi- 
ments of  infantry,  1,413,  and  one  battery  of  light  artillery,  65  (not  yet 
reported  for  duty);  total,  2,796. 

From  the  foregoing  dei)artment  effective  totals,  the  following  deduc- 
tions are  to  be  made  of  troops  serving  at  the  present  time  as  garrison 
of  the  cavalry  and  infantry  schools  at  Fort  Leavenworth : 

Department  of  Dakota,  one  troop  of  cavalry,  57;  and  one  comx^any 
of  infantry,  42;  total,  99. 

Department  of  the  Platte,  one  comi)any  of  infantry,  39. 

Department  of  Texas,  one  troop  of  cavalry,  62. 

Department  of  the  Missouri,  headquarters,  baud,  and  two  companies 
of  the  Twentieth  Infantry,  128;  one  troop  Fourth  Cavalry,  55;  one  bat- 
tery of  light  artillery,  65;  total,  248. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  OOO 

One  lieuttiuant  from  eacli  of  the  cavalry  and  infantry  rcsi"iei'ts  f»f 
the  Army  is  detailed  for  instruction  at  the  school. 

In  the  De])artment  of  Dakota  unusual  (iniet  has  jirevailcd  durinj^  the 
]>ast  j'ear.  The  Northern  Pacitic  Kailroad  has  ])ro}iivssed  westward 
with  great  rapidity,  and  bids  fair  to  reach  Bozeman  hy  next  siiiiiin»'r  nv 
fall.  Its  ])resent  western  terminus  is  at  Bil'ings,  GO  mih's  westward  of 
the  Big  Horn  lliver,  and  the  valley  of  the  Yellowstone  is  now  being 
settled  by  an  industrious  ])oi)ulation.  The  trouble  Avhu-h  occMirred  last 
winter,  through  the  occupation  of  the  country  along  ?.Iilk  liiver,  by  In- 
dians and  half-breeds  from  British  America,  lias  been  successfully  set- 
tle«l  by  sending  troops  from  Fort  Assinaboine  to  remove  these  intruders 
to  the  country  whence  they  came,  north  of  the  boundary  line.  This 
winter  the  amicable  relations  existing  between  our  ibrces  in  that  sec- 
tion and  the  Canadian  police,  at  Fort  Walsh  and  other  posts,  whereby 
information  of  the  movements  of  such  Indians  is  interchanged,  will  go 
far  toward  insuring  quiet  in  that  direction.  I  would  respectfully  rec- 
ommend the  abandonment  of  Fort  Hale,  on  the  iVIissouri  liiver,  and 
tliat  the  buildings  at  that  place  be  transferred,  by  act  of  Congress,  to 
the  Indian  Bureau,  for  the  establishment  of  an  Indian  school,  should 
the  Indian  Bureau  desire  them  for  such  a  purpose. 

In  the  Department  of  the  Platte,  some  im])ortant  changes  have  oc- 
curred since  my  last  annual  report  was  rendered.  Tiie  old  posts  of 
Fort  Fettermau  and  Fort  Sanders,  having  fulfilled  the  objects  for  which 
thej"  were  originally  built,  have  been  abandoned.  The  post  of  Fort 
Thornburgh  was  located,  last  year,  near  the  junction  of  the  (ireen  ami 
Duchesne  Kivers,  in  Utah,  but,  at  the  request  of  the  Interior  I)ei)art- 
ment,  it  was  changed  to  its  present  place  on  Ashley  Fork,  3.5  miles  from 
the  Ute  agencies.  The  expected  a])])ropriation  for  building  was  not 
made  by  Congress,  and  the  troo])Sof'the  garrison  have  been  withdrawn 
for  the  winter,  excepting  a  small  guartl  for  the  saw-null  and  other 
property.  At  the  proper  time,  during  the  next  session  of  Congress,  at- 
tention will  be  called  to  the  necessity  of  an  appropriation  for  building 
this  post.  In  the  early  spring  I  will  recommend  the  abandonment  of 
Fort  Hall,  Idaho,  and  the  transfer  of  its  small  garrison  (one  company) 
to  Fort  Douglas  or  Fort  Cameron,  Utah.  During  the  pressing  need 
for  additional  mounted  troops  in  Arizona,  I  sent  the  Third  Cavalry  to 
that  Territory,  and  hoi)e  to  receive  it  back  in  the  Department  of  the 
Platte  again,  or  if  not  that  regiment,  then  the  Sixth  Cavalry  in  its 
place.  The  two  largest  Indian  agencies  in  the  country,  viz,  tiie  Pine 
Kidge  and  the  Rosebud  agencies,  have  to  be  controllecl  ])riucipally  by 
troops  in  the  Department  of  the  Platte.  Many  thousands  of  hulians 
are  at  each  of  these  agencies ;  those  at  Pine  Ridge  occasionally  become 
restless,  and  I  thiidc  it  would  be  wise  to  watch  them,  with  sulUcient 
trooi)S  held  well  in  hand,  for  some  time  to  come. 

There  has  been  no  serious  trouble  with  Indians  in  the  Department 
of  the  Missouri  during  the  past  year,  though  the  troops  in  New  Mexico 
have  been  kei)t  actively  engagc^d  in  protecting  that  Territory  against 
raids,  f(U'  the  details  of  which  1  would  refer  to  the  annual  report  of  Gen- 
eral Pope.  The  remain<ler  of  tin;  Northern  Cheyennes  at  Fort  Reno 
are  very  restive,  but  i  ilo  not  ai)prehend  any  serious  trouble  from  them. 
The  rights  of  Indians  iu  the  Indian  Territory  have  been  encroached 
upon  by  the  pasturing  and  driving  of  large  herds  of  cattle  through  the 
Indian  lands.  No  unilbrm  systeu)  seems  to  have  been  ad(ti)ted  by  the 
Indian  Bureau  with  reference  lo  these  herds,  the  owners  of  some  of 
them  paying  a  herd  tax  to  the  Bulians,  whilst  others  do  not,  so  that  on 


356  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

several  occasions  the  inilitiiiy  have  been  called  upon  to  (jucll  troubles 
arising  from  the  mixed  eon<lition  of  affairs. 

The  posts  of  Fort  JJodge,  Fort  Wallace,  and  Fort  Larned,  all  in  Kan 
sas,  having  outlived  the  necessity  for  them  as  military  stations,  have 
been  abandoned  as  such.  The  cantonment  on  the  North  Fork  of  the 
Canadian  Kivei',  in  the  Indian  Territory,  has  also  been  abandoned  and 
turned  over  to  the  Indian  Bureau  for  use  as  a  school.  I  recommend 
that  Forts  Wallace,  Dodge,  and  Larned  be  also  turned  over  to  the  In- 
dian Bureau  for  similar  purposes. 

The  school  of  application  for  cavalry  and  infantry,  established  at  Fort 
Leavenworth,  Kans.,  last  year,  is  in  excellent  condition — is  already 
showing  good  results,  and  I  believe  is  going  to  be  of  immense  benetit 
to  the  Army  as  a  practical  school. 

Of  the  Department  of  Texas  little  remains  to  be  said  not  covered  by 
the  annual  report  of  General  Augur.  The  sites  for  two  new  posts  have 
been  selected,  and  authority  has  been  received  for  the  purchase  of  laud 
at  San  Antonio  as  site  for  a  military  post,  for  which  purchase  negotia- 
tions are  now  in  progress.  On  account  of  the  i)revalence  of  yellow 
fever,  and  the  changed  condition  of  affairs  on  the  Eio  Grande,  I  shall 
reduce  the  size  of  the  garrison  at  Brownsville,  leaving  there  only  the 
minimum  force  necessary,  and  will  remove  the  rest  of  the  troops  to 
posts  higher  up  in  the  country.  I  believe  there  should  be  a  garrison  at 
Brownsville,  but  that  it  should  be  as  small  as  possible. 

The  wonderful  growth  of  the  railway  system  in  this  division  is  worthy 
of  remark  in  connection  with  its  bearing  upon  military  operations. 
The  extension  of  the  Northern  Pacific  toward  Bozeman  has  already 
been  noted,  and  the  Utah  and  Northern  has  reached  Butte  City,  Mont., 
416  miles  north  of  Ogden.  The  Denver  and  Eio  Grande  is  in  operation 
to  Montrose,  62  miles  west  of  Gunnison,  on  the  Utah  division,  and 
to  Silverton,  44  miles  from  Durango,  Colo.,  on  the  San  Juan  division. 
The  Atlantic  and  Pacific,  having  crossed  New  Mexico  from  Albuquerque 
to  the  west,  has  now  reached  Williams,  Ariz.,  a  point  about  the  112th 
meridian.  Last  year  marked  the  completion  of  the  Southern  Pacific  to 
El  Paso,  whence  the  Mexican  Central  i?  now  running  to  Chihuahua  in 
old  Mexico,  the  Texas  Pacific,  from  Fort  Worth,  connecting  with  both 
the  others  at  El  Paso,  a  point  reached  also  by  the  Atchison,  Topeka 
and  Santa  Fe.  The  Galveston,  Harrisburg  and  San  Antonio  Eailroad 
is  in  operation  westward  to  Fort  Clark,  Tex.,  and  eastward,  from  El 
Paso  to  Lozier,  near  the* Pecos  Elver.  The  International  and  Great 
Northern  is  in  operation  from  San  Antonio  to  Laredo,  where  it  connects 
with  the  Texas-Mexico  and  IMexican  National  roads,  the  former  in  opera- 
tion from  Corpus  Christi  to  Laredo,  and  the  latter  constructed  to  Salinas, 
far  on  the  way  to  Monterey  and  the  city  of  Mexico. 

The  extension  of  the  railroads  affords  an  opportunity  for  a  much- 
needed  concentration  of  the  small  companies  of  troops  into  larger 
garrisons  where  they  can  be  more  economically  supplied  and  their  dis- 
cipline and  efiaciency  increased — conditions  hitherto  almost  impossible, 
when  weak  companies  were  scattered  at  numerous  small  military  posts. 
I  have  already  selected  points  with  a  view  to  such  a  concentration,  as 
soon  as  the  condition  of  Indian  affairs  will  admit  of  the  withdrawal  of 
troops  from  the  more  remote  i^laces. 

The  improvement  in  markmanship  by  the  troo])s  throughout  the 
division  has  been  very  gratifying  during  the  past  year,  ofhcers  aud 
men,  generally,  having  taken  the  deepest  interest  in  this  subject.  It 
has  been  a  surprise  to  me  that  so  little  attention  was  paid  to  this  ^itally 
important  matter  in  years  gone  by.    I  earnestly  recommend  a  liberal 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  357 

iillowauce  of  jimmunitioii  in  the  Intiue  to  be  expemlod  in  t;u<;et  ]»i:k;- 
tit'C  and  ill  the  prescribetl  ritie  competitions. 

The  several  departments  of  this  military  division  have  all  been  ably 
and  economically  administered  by  their  respective  commanders,  Gen- 
erals Pope,  Terry,  Augnr,  and  Crook,  to  wliose  annual  reports,  herewith 
submitted,  I  refer  for  details  of  information. 

The  supply  departments  tliroaghout  the  division  have  worked  well 
and  economically,  and  the  olticers  in  control  of  these  important  branches 
of  the  service  are  entitled  to  credit  for  their  efidciency. 
1  have  the  honor  to  be,  general,  very  respectfully. 

Your  obedient  servant, 

P.  H.  SHEKIDAX, 
L  ie u  fenan  t-  Genera  I  Com  m n  nd ing. 
Brig.  (ren.  R.  C.  Drum, 

Ailjuta)it- General,  United  States  Army,  M^ashinf/ton,  1).  C. 


ItEPORT  OF  MAJOR  GEXERAL  HANCOCK. 

Headquarters  Military  Division  op  the  Atlantic, 

Governor'' fi  Island,  Xcu-*Yor]:,  October  21,  l."^82. 

Sir:  In  accordance  with  the  instructions  contained  in  j'our  letter  of 
September  27,  1882,  I  have  the  honor  to  transmit  the  following  report 
of  military  operations  within  the  Military  Division  of  the  Atlantic 
during  the  past  year. 

The  geographical  boundaries  of  the  division  are  the  same  as  at  date 
of  last  report.  It  is  di^■idcd  into  two  military  de]nirtments — East  and 
South — the  former  being  under  my  immediate  command,  with  headquar- 
ters at  Governor's  Island,  ^ew  York,*and  the  latter  under  command  of 
Bvt.  Brig.  Gen.  Henry  J.  Hunt,  colonel  Fifth  United  States  Artillery, 
with  headquarters  at  Newport  Barracks.  Ky, 

The  aggregate  of  troops  serving  in  the  Division  of  the  Atlantic  on 
the  30th  of  September,  1882,  was,  according  to  the  returns  of  that  date, 
as  follows : 

ConiiiiisaioiU'il        Knlistwl 
ortirers.  nn'ii. 

Hcailqiiai-ters  Militnrv  Division  of  the  Atlaiilic 9  1-1 

Dppartmoiit  of  the  East ^2(19    .  ',',170 

Department  of  the  Soiitli I"  4<> 

Total X\^  ^.Otlll 

On  the  .'>Oth  of  September.  18S1,  the  strength  of  the  (livision  ii!  troops 
was  337  commissioned  olhcers  and  2,.'')!)8  enlisted  men. 

My  annual  report  of  last  year,  dated  October  .■)!,  ISS],  dosed  with  a 
brief  account  of  the  services  of  the  troops  at  the  Vorktown  Centennial 
Celebration,  in  that  iiiontli,  and  their  return  to  their  resjjective  stations. 

It  has  been  ai>i)areiit  during  tlie  past  year  that  the  tour  of  the  troops 
in  camp  at  Yorktown  on  the  oc(;asion  in  question,  brief  tliongh  it  was, 
has  been  of  benelit  in  itoint  of  military  experience,  instruction.  «S:c. 

General  Orders  No.  7.">,  of  ()ctoV»er  l.~»,  INSI,  from  the  lleadcinarters  of 
the  Army,  Adiutant-<renerars  Ollice,  directed  the  transfer  of  the  First 
United  States  Artillery  from  tlie  De])artn)ent  of  the  East  to  the  ]\Iili- 
tary  Division  of  the  Pacific,  and  thc^  Fourth  United  States  Artillery 
from  that  division  to  the  Department  of  the  East.     The  same  orders 


358  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 

also  directed  the  Tliiid  and  FiRh  Kejiiineiits  of  Artillery  serving  in  this 
division — the  former  in  tlio  l)e])iutnient  of  tlie  East  and  the  latter  in 
the  Department  of  the  Sonth — to  interehanj»e  stations. 

At  once,  ui>on  the  recei])t  of  the  orders  in  qnestion,  the  necessary  de- 
tailed instructions  were  pven  to  carry  these  movenunits  into  execution 
so  far  as  concerned  the  First,  Third,  and  Fifth  United  States  Artilh;ry. 

The  utmost  economy  was  observed  in  the  matter  of  tranKi»ortation. 

The  batteries  of  the  First  Artillery — four  at  Fort  Adams,  two  at  Fort 
Trumbull,  two  at  Fort  Warren,  two  at  Fort  Columbus,  and  one  at  Fort 
Preble — left  the  Department  of  the  East  durinj^  the  second  week  in 
November.  Ten  batteries  of  the  Third  United  States  Artillery  lelt  the 
Department  of  the  East  for  their  stations  in  the  De[iartment  of  the 
South  during"  the  same  month. 

The  light  battery  of  this  regiment  being  on  its  retnrn  march  from 
Yorktowu  to  Fort  Hamilton  at  the  time  of  the  movement  did  not  leave 
for  its  post  in  the  Department  of  the  South — Little  Kock  Bai-racks — 
until  early  in  December.  The  Fifth  United  States  Artillery  joined  the 
Department  of  the  East  the  latter  part  of  November  and  early  in  Decem- 
ber, with  the  exception  of  Battery  I  (Orabb's),  which  had  been  sent 
north  by  me  in  October  from  Yorktowu  (at  the  conclusion  of  the  cere- 
monies there)  on  the  steamer  provided  to  take  the  troops  to  and  from 
that  point.  In  distributing-  the  Fifth  United  States  Artillery  to  posts  in 
the  Department  of  the  East,  I  took  the  opportunity,  with  tlie  ai)i)roval 
of  the  General  of  the  Arifiy,  to  discontinue  Fort  AVadsworth,  New  York 
Harbor,  as  an  independent  post,  making-  it  a  dependency  of  Fort  Hamil- 
ton, and  directed  the  commanding-  ofticer  of  the  latter  post  to  station 
an  adequate  guard  there  to  look  after  the  public  property,  &c. 

The  first  battery  of  the  Fourth  United  States  Artillery  reached  the 
Department  of  the  East  from  the  Military  Division  of  the  Pacific  the 
second  week  in  November,  and  by  December  1st  the  last  battery  had 
arrived. 

I  inclose  herewith  a  return  shoeing  the  precise  dates  of  the  departure 
and  arrival  of  these  troops,  together  with  copies  of  the  se^■eral  orders 
issued  by  me  assigning  them  to  their  respective  stations. 

This  and  the  tabular  report  submitted  by  Brevet  Brigadier-General 
Hunt,  commanding  the  Department  of  the  South,  supply  full  informa- 
tion on  these  points. 

The  health  of  the  troops  in  the  Department  of  the  East  during  the 
past  3'ear  has  been  good. 

In  the  Department  of  the  South  early  preparations  were  made  to 
withdraw  the,garrisons  from  the  posts  liable  to  the  ravages  of  yellow 
fever,  should  that  disease  make  its  appearance.  The  summer  had 
almost  passed,  and  no  occasion  had  arisen  for  removing  the  troops  on 
this  account,  and  it  was  hoped  tliat  this  year  there  might  be  none;  but 
in  the  latter  part  of  August  yellow  fever  of  a  virulent  type  made  its 
appearance  at  Pensacola,  and  at  once  the  three  batteries  of  the  Third 
United  States  Artillery  at  that  point.  Fort  Barrancas,  were  removed  to 
Mount  Vernon  Barracks,  Ala.,  a  healthy  post,  and  there  they  still 
remain.  A  detachment  of  jMarines  was  also  sent  from  Pensacola  to 
Mount  Vernon  Barracks,  at  which  post  the  General  of  the  Army 
directed  they  should  be  received  and  ])rovided  for  as  well  as  i)ossible, 
and  be  looked  upon  in  all  particulars  as  guests,  subject  to  the  common 
rules  of  discipline,  until  the  yellow  fever  should  have  ceased,  and  they 
are  now  in  camp  at  that  place.  Everything  has  been  done  to  make  them 
comfortable  in  point  of  accommoilation,  &c.,  during  their  stay  at  Mount 
Yeruou  Barracks. 


REPORT   OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    AVAR.  359 

At  Fort  Brooke,  Tani])a,  Fla.,  wbere  the  two  batteries  forming  the 
garrison  of  Key  West  Barracks  have  been  stationed  since  the  spring  of 
1880,  "  dengue  fever"  appeared  amongst  the  garrison  in  July  last. 

The  post  of  Fort  Brooke,  Fhi.,  having  been  ordered  to  be  abandoned 
and  the  reservation  tnrne<l  over  to  the  Interior  Department,  it  was  con- 
templated to  transfer  the  two  batteries  of  the  Third  Artillery  stationed 
there,  one  to  Saint  Augustine,  to  replace  Battery  F  (Lancaster's),  lately 
ordered  to  San  Antonio,  Tex.,  to  be  mounted,  and  one  to  ]\Iount  ^'er- 
non  Barracks.  This  movement  has  been  delayed,  however,  until  the 
troo])S  shall  have  recovered  from  the  eft'ects  of  the  "dengue  fever,"  but 
will  be  made  as  soon  as  ])racticable.  For  a  more  detaih'd  n-jtctrt  of  tliis 
matter  I  invite  attention  to  the  rejjort  of  the  commanding  general, 
Department  of  the  South. 

(xeneral  Orders  No.  tiO,  of  August  15, 1882,  from  the  Headquarters  of 
the  Army,  Adjutant-General's  Ollice,  directed  an  additional  battery  in 
each  artilleiy  regiment  to  be  mounted.  Battery  F,  Tiiird  Artillery,  sta- 
tioned at  vSaint  Augustine,  Fla.,  iu  the  Department  of  the  South,  was 
selected  from  that  regiment  and  ordered  to  take  post  at  San  Antonio, 
Tex.,  to  whi(!h  i)oint  it  will  be  sent  as  soon  as  yellow  fever  disappears 
from  the  southern  (X)ast  and  there  is  no  further  risk  of  contagion. 

Battery  F,  Fourth  Artillery,  stationed  at  Fort  Warren,  and  Battery 
D,  Fifth  Artillery,  stationed  at  Fort  Schuyler,  in  the  Department  of  the 
East,  were  the  selections  from  those  regiments,  the  former  being  ordered 
to  Fort  Snelling,  ^Nlinn.,  and  the  latter  to  Fort  Omaha,  Xebr.  Battery 
F,  Fourth  Artillerv,  left  Fort  AVarren  for  Fort  Snelling  September  4, 
1882,  and  Battery  D,  Fifth  Artillery,  left  Fort  Schuyler  "for  Fort  Omaha 
September  7,  1882.  This  had  the  effect  of  withdrawing  two  batteries 
from  the  Department  of  the  East  and  one  from  the  Department  of  the 
Sonth. 

By  General  Orders  Xo.  105,  of  August  20,  1882,  from  the  Ileadquar- 
ters  of  the  Army,  the  Twelfth  United  States  Infantry  was  transferred 
from  the  J)epartment  of  Arizona  to  the  Dei)artment  of  the  East,  and 
it  was  decided  to  station  the  regiment  as  follows:  Headquarters  and  six 
comi)anies  at  Madison  llarracks,  N.  Y.,  two  comj)anies  at  Fort  Niagara, 
and  two  companies  at  Plattsburg  Barracks,  N.  Y.,  the  latter  only  tem- 
poraiily,  hoAvevcr,  until  Fort  ."Montgomery,  House's  Point,  N.  Y''.,  an  inu- 
porfant  strategit;  point  at  which  it  has  been  decided  to  establish  a  gar- 
rison, wheji  ])racticable,  should  be  in  condition,  in  point  of  rpiarters,  to 
accommodate  troops.  The  arrival  of  the  Twelfth  United  States  In- 
fantry and  its  assignment  to  jNbulisou  Barracks,  Fort  Niagara,  and 
Phittsburg  Barracks,  necessitated  the  transfer  to  other  stations  of  the 
batteries  of  the  Fourth  and  Fiith  Artillery  at  those  posts,  and  I  accord- 
ingly sent  the  battery  of  the  Fifth  Artillery  at  Plattsburg  Barracks  to 
Fort  Schuyler,  to  replace  Battery  D  (to  be  mounted  and  sent  to  Fort 
Omaha  as  before  stated),  the  Battery  of  the  Fifth  Artillery  at  l-'ort 
Niagara  to  Fort  Hamilton,  and  the  two  batteries  of  the  Fourth  Artillery 
at  Ma<lisott  Barracks  to  Fort  Warren  (one  of  them  to  replace  Battery 
F,  to  be  mounted  and  take  ])ost  at  Fort  Snelling,  ]\Iinn.),  and  the  other 
to  re])lace  Battery  G  (^lorris's),  which,  with  the  sanction  of  the  General 
of  the  Army,  was  transferred  from  Fort  Warren  to  Fort  Adams. 

The  artillery,  therefore,  in  the  Departm(M)t  of  the  East  at  this  date — 
thirty-three  l)atteries — is  distributed  as  follows: 

Fort  Monroe  (artillery  school),  live  foot  batteries. 

Fort  Hamilton,  New  York  Harbor,  one  light,  live  foot  batteries. 

Fort  Adams,  B.  I.,  one  light,  four  foot  batteries. 

Washington  Karracks,  D.  C,  one  light,  four  foot  batteritfs. 


3C0  PAlMiUS    AOOOMI'ANYING    THE 

Fort  Wiirrcri,  Miiss.,  two  Coot  batteries. 

Fort  Mclieiii-y,  i\l(l.,  three  i'oot  batteries. 

Fort  Coltnubiis,  iNew  York  Harbor,  two  loot  ballwies. 

Fort  Seliuyler,  2*few  York  Harbor,  two  foot  butteries. 

Fort  Preble,  31e.,  ojie  loot  battery. 

Fort  Trimibull,  (,'oini.,  two  toot  batteries. 

This  distribution  <;ives  to  the  ruajority  of  tlie  posts  mentioned  j^arri- 
sons  snllieient  to  enable  instruction  in  the  artillery  arm  to  l>e  pursued 
uiKh'r  better  conditions,  and  with  increased  prospect  of  beneficial  results, 
than  lieretofore. 

With  a  view  to  the  better  instruction  of  his  re;:?inientin  military  duties 
incident  to  service  in  camp  and  in  the  field,  Col.  li.  B.  Ayres,  Second 
Artillery,  requested,  early  in  the  summer,  to  be  allowed  to  place  the 
light  battery  and  the  four  foot  batteries  of  his  regiment  at  Washington 
Barracks,  and  a  portion  of  the  garrison  at  Fort  McHenry,  in  camp  at 
Gaitliersburg,  Md.,  which  aftbrded  all  the  requisite  facilities  for  the  pur- 
pose, and  where  a  camp  ground  could  be  had  at  an  economical  rate. 
With  the  approval  of  the  General  of  the  Army,  the  application  of  Col- 
onel Ayres  was  granted,  and  in  the  latter  part  of  last  June  the  light 
battery  and  the  four  foot  batteries  from  Washington  Barracks  and  two 
foot  batteries  from  Fort  McHenry  marched  to  Gaithersburg  and  went 
into  cam]),  where  they  still  remain,  to  be  withdrawn,  however,  to  their 
former  stations  in  a  short  time.  The  change  from  garrison  to  camp  life 
has,  I  am  informed,  been  beneficial  in  several  respects.  It  has  afforded 
ample  opportunity  for  instruction  and  improved  the  health  of  the  troops, 
niauy  of  them  being  troubled  with  malaria,  to  which  the  posts  of  Wash- 
ington Barracks  and  Fort  McHenry  are  somewhat  disposed  at  certain 
seasons  of  the  year. 

I  inclose  the  several  reports  of  the  chiefs  of  the  staff  corps  at  these 
headquarters,  exhibiting  the  operations  of  their  respective  departments 
during  the  period  for  which  they  are  made.  They  afford  evidence  of 
close  attention  to  details  and  exhibit  a  proper  regard  for  economical 
administration  of  the  public  funds,  which  some  of  them  are  required  to 
disburse.  Inspection  duty,  in  all  its  branches,  within  this  division,  has 
been  thoroughly  and  conscientiously  performed  during  the  year,  and  with 
beneficial  results.  I'he  reports  of  the  inspectors,  which*  are  inclosed, 
will  be  found  interesting,  and  mauyof  their  judicious  suggestions  deserve 
more  than  a  passing  notice.  I  ask  especial  attention  to  the  recommen- 
dations of  Lieut.  Col.  Roger  Jones,  assistant  inspector-general,  in  regard 
to  the  issues  of  fuel  under  existing  regulations  and  the  accountability 
therefor,  and  the  same  in  reference  to  issues  of  oil,  under  the  i)rovisions 
of  General  Orders  Xo.  50,  Headquarters  of  the  Armv,  Adjutant-Gener- 
al's Office,  1881. 

Maj.  Richard  Arnold,  Fifth  Ai'tillery,  acting  assistant  ins])ector  gen- 
eral, adverting  to  the  pressing  necessity  for  additional  buildings  at 
Forts  Adams  and  Hamilton,  so  as  to  quarter  the  men  of  the  light  bat- 
teries at  those  posts  nearer  the  battery  stables,  refers  to  previous  rec- 
ommendations for  the  establishment  of  a  school  for  light  artillery  in- 
struction, to  consist  of  at  least  four  batteries  under  a  field  otficer.  I 
have,  heretofore,  adverted  to  this  subject,  and  am  still  convinced  of  the 
benefit  to  the  service  which  would  accrue  from  such  a  concentration  of 
light  batteries  under  a  skilled  commander,  but  the  size  of  our  Army,  and 
the  multifarious  duties  it  is  called  upon  to  fulfill  in  all  sections  of  our 
vast  country,  do  not  always  make  jn-acticable  what  is  clearly  seen  to 
be  beneficial.  I  trust,  how-ever,  that  if  it  should  be  found  feasible,  a  light 
artillery  sehftol,  such  as  was  established  at  Fort  Eiley  some  years  ago, 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  Jbl 

may  be  a.^aiii  ori;ajiizo(l.  Witli  it,  and  the  artillery  school  at  Fort  ]\Ioii- 
v(H\  aiuUiie  scliool  ol'apitlii-atiuii  at  Fort  Lea vomvorth,  the  Army  would 
have  at  its  commajul  every  facility  for  thoroughly  triuniiij;  its  officers 
aud  men  in  their  proiessioual  duties. 

The  inspectors  advert  to  the  i)reseut  system  of  post  schools,  and  I 
a.i-ree  with  them  that  the  principal  drawback  to  an  effiiaeious  develop- 
nient  of  the  system,  is  the  want  of  competent  school- teachers  with  de- 
fined position  and  pay. 

I  forwarded  on  September  la  report  on  the  sul)ject  from  Lieut.  Col. 
W.  D.  Whipple,  assistant  adjutant-general  at  these  headfjuarters,  which 
discussed  this  matter.  I  understand  that  the  subject  of  post  school  is 
receiving  the  attention  of  the  superior  military  authority  with  a  view  to 
I»rovide  what  is  still  lacking-  to  make  them  efticient  and  successful. 

The  rejiort  of  the  chief  quartermaster  of  the  department  exhibits  in 
detail  what  has  been  done  in  the  matter  of  new  buildings,  repairs,  &c., 
during  the  year.  Many  needed  repairs  had  to  be  deferred  on  account 
of  the  limited  appropriations.  Estimates  Avill  be  submitted  in  due  season 
for  what  is  necessary  to  put  all  the  buildings  in  the  division  in  good 
condition,  with  a  view  to  their  being  filled  early  in  the  next  tiscal  year, 
if  i)racticable. 

Xew  hospitals  at  Fort  Columbus  aud  at  Washington  Barracks  have 
been  completed  during  the  past  year,  and  authority  Jias  recently  been 
given  to  erect  a  new  one  at  Fort  Schuyler,  Avhere  it  is  much  needed. 

The  reports  of  the  chief  commissary  of  subsistence,  the  medical 
director,  and  the  chief  paymaster,  indicate  a  proper  condition  of  affairs 
in  those  departments. 

Kifle  i)ractice  has  now  become  one  of  the  chief  features  of  military 
instruction  in  the  Army,  and  it  is  gratifying  to  see  that  zeal  in  this  direc- 
1  ion  has  in  nowise  abated.  The  present  system,  established  by  General 
Orders  No.  o3,  of  j\lay  L5,  1882,  has  already  had  a  fair  test  in  this  com- 
mand, and,  so  far  as  my  own  observation  goes,  with  a.  large  measure  of 
success.  In  this  connection  I  invite  attention  to  the  report  herewith  of 
Capt.  H.  G.  Litchtield,  Sei^ond  L^nited  States  Artillery,  on  special  duty 
at  these  headquarters,  in  connection  Avith  rifle  practice,  which  recites 
in  detail  what  has  been  done  in  this  division  in  that  direction  during 
the  past  year.  1  agree  with  him  fully  that  our  advanced  rifleman  now 
"surpass  in  excellence  our  rifle,"  and  that  there  is  much  need  of  a  limited 
number  at  least  of  sujKnior  rilles  in  point  of  ])Ower  and  accuracy,  at 
long  ranges,  beyond  tlie  capabilities  of  the  present  arm.  It  is  to  be 
hoiied  that  the  Ordnance  Department  may  be  able  to  su])ply  thisdelici- 
ency  at  an  early  date,  and  thus  placeour  Army  riflemen  ui)on  an  equality 
witli  those  of  any  service. 

Tlie  remarks  and  recommendations  of  Captain  Litchfield  in  regard  to 
uidoaded  new  cartridge  cases  (or  shells)  only  being  issued  for  reloading, 
are  worthy  of  attention.  1  commend  also  to  notice  his  advocacy  of  the 
target  system  in  use  by  the  State  of  Xew  Jersey,  known  as  the  "J'.rin- 
ton-'  target.  Post  commanders  and  company  otlicers  have  generally 
been  active  and  energetic-  in  stininlating  their  men  t(»  i)ersistent  ritlc 
])ra<'tice,  and  have  done  much  to  aid  the  iknelopmeiit  of  the  ritle  system 
as  now  t)rgani/:ed. 

The  rewards  issned  to  the  winning  marksmen  have  been  recei\ed 
witii  geneial  ap])reciati()n. 

Tiie  discipline  and  gen»;ral  condition  of  the  troops  as  reported  to  me 
are  satisfactory,  and  the  inspectors  have  found  marked  inii)roveiiuMit 
in  this  res])ect  during  the  i)ast  year. 

Military  oflensi's  have  deci'eased,  as  will  he  se«Mi  from  the  statistics 


3(52  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

on  (his  lioad  sivcTi  in  tlie  roi)oit  of  tho  judp^e-advocate  of  the  division 
liercwitli.  ThtMc  is  om3  Kubjccjt  in  lliat  ()rii(;<'r'.s  report  to  wliich  I  ask 
('KlK'ciai  attenlion,  and,  that  it  may  bo  clearly  understood,  give  the  fol- 
lowing extract: 

Attention  is  invited  to  the  Kinf^nhir  deliciency  in  tlie  law,  as  to  tlio  njetliod  of 
ascertaining  in  a  judicial  way,  the  cause  of  decease  and  tho  responsibility  tlierefor, 
if  any  there  should  be. 

In  the  cases  in  i»oint,  the  jjost  was  under  the  sole  and  exclusive  jurisdiction  of  the 
Uuitid  States,  and,  of  course,  the  local  coroners,  in  the  neighboring  city,  had  no 
jurisdiction  to  hold  an  iniiucst. 

Tin  re  was  no  one  so  situated  as  to  feel  constrained  to  demand  a  court  of  inquiry 
under  the  one  hundred  and  tifteenth  Article  of  War;  conseciuently  the  only  method 
of  investigation  was  by  a  board  of  otticers  convened  for  the  purpose  by  the  depart- 
ment connuunder. 

This  board,  however,  had  no  power  to  administer  oaths,  or  to  compel  the  attend- 
ance of  witnesses,  and  so  arrive  at  a  judicial  determination. 

It  is  manifest  that  its  ])owcr  of  investigation  was  limited  beyond  that  which  the 
experience  of  all  English-speaking  countries  has  found  necessary  where  death  has 
been  the  result  of  any  act. 

In  most  of  the  States  of  tlie  Union  the  coroner  is  the  local  judicial  functionary  who 
conducts  the  inquisition.  No  such  ottieials  or  persons  invested  with  their  functions 
reside  in  military  places  under  military  jurisdiction. 

Asa  consequence,  in  two  recent  instances,  at  different  posts  where  soldiers  have 
been  accideutally  killed  and  it  became  necessary  to  send  their  remains  to  national 
cemeteries,  locaL  municipal,  and  health  authorities  in  each  instance  made  strenuous 
objection  because  there  was  no  corouei-'s  certificate,  as  required  under  penalties  by 
State  law  and  much  inconvenience  was  thereby  created. 

I  have  the  honor,  therefore,  respectfully  to  suggest  that  the  attention  of  Congress 
be  invited  to  the  propriety  of  enacting  that  whenever,  at  any  post,  fort,  or  camp, 
garrisoned  by  the  military  forces  of  the  United  States  and  under  the  exclusive  juris- 
diction of  the  United  States,  any  person  shall  have  been  slain,  or  suddenly  died,  or 
been  dangeroi\ly  wounded,  or  been  found  dead  under  such  circumstances  as  to  re- 
quire an  inquisition,  a  court  of  iniiuir^'  may  be  appointed  under  the  one  hundred  and 
sixteenth  Article  of  War — one  member,  if  practicable,  to  belong  to  the  Medical  De- 
partment of  the  Army — in  order  to  investigate  as  to  the  cause  of  said  death  or  wound- 
ing, and  to  fix  the  responsibility  therefor,  and  to  express  an  opinion  thereon,  said 
court  to  be  organized  and  its  proceedings  authenticated  in  the  manner  and  to  the 
etfect  required  by  the  one  hundred  and  seventeenth,  one  hundred  and  twentieth,  and 
one  hundred  and  twenty-first  Articles  of  War,  and  to  have  all  the  powers  mentioned 
in  the  one  hundred  and  eighteenth  Article  of  War. 

And  said  court  may,  if  in  its  judgment  deemed  necessary,  i.ssue  process  for  the 
immediate  apprehension  of  any  person  accused  of  the  crime  nnder  investigation,  who 
shall,  without  delay,  be  thereupon  taken  before  the  neavost  judge  or  comnjidsioner 
of  or  for  any  court  "of  the  United  States  or  justice  of  the  peace  acting  aa  such  com- 
missioner, to  be  dealt  with  according  to  the  law  governing  like  cases  arising  in  the 
district  in  which  said  post,  fort,  or  camp  may  be  situate. 

In  closing-  this  report  I  deem  it  proper  to  state  that  the  ofiicers  of  my 
staff,  personal  and  general,  have  performed  their  duties  with  intelli- 
gence and  fidelity. 

In  accordance  witli  instructions  this  report  and  all  of  its  written 
inclosures  are  submitted  in  duplicate,  printed  inciosures  in  triplicate. 
1  am,  sir,  verv  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

WINF'D  S.  HANCOCK, 
J\[ajoy- General,  Commanding. 
The  Adjutant-General  U.  S.  Army, 

Washington,  D.  C. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.         363 


KEPORT  OF  MAJOR-GENERAL  McDOWELL. 

Headquarters  Military  Division  of  the  Pacific 

AND  Department  of  California, 
Presidio,  San  Fnnicisco,  CaL,  October  14,  1882. 

Sir:  I  transmit  llel■e^vith  tlie  aimiial  reports  for  the  past  year  for  the 
Departments  of  the  Columbia,  California,  and  Arizona,  with  tlie  papi-rs 
aceompauying:  them. 

Tliese  reports  are  so  full  that  I  have  no  need  to  add  to  them.  The 
only  serious  disturbances  were  in  the  Department  of  Arizona,  a  full 
account  of  which  is  given  in  the  report  from  its  commander. 

The  i)rcsent  commander,  lirigadier-General  Crook,  reported  a  few 
days  ago  that  there  w<'re  not  at  this  time  any  hostile  Indians  within  the 
limits  of  his  command;  that  the  only  api)rehension  was  with  resi)ect  to 
hostile  Indians  now  in  Mexico;  so  there  are  at  this  time  no  hostile  In- 
dians anywhere  in  this  division. 

Before  relinquishing-  the  command  I  now  hold,  I  am  constrained  to 
again  ask  the  attention  of  the  "War  and  Interior  Departments  to  the  case 
of  certain  Piutes  who  were  taken  away  from  their  tribes  and  homes  in 
California  and  carried  to  an  Indian  reservation  among  a  strange  i)eople 
north  of  the  Columbia  River.  Their  case  is  fully  set  forth  in  the  ac- 
comi)anying  papers  marked  AA. 

It  will  be  seen,  as  it  appears  to  me,  that  the  reasons  which  caused  the 
refusal  of  my  application  to  have  these  innocent  and  sutfering  people 
sent  back  to  their  tribe  and  homes  have  been  mere  questions  of  adminis- 
tration, of  convenience,  and  economy,  while  I  submit  their  return  is  a 
matter  of  good  faith  and  mercy.  The  Indians  in  question — and  a  list 
of  them  is  herewith — were  not  hostile.  They  had  done  nothing  meriting 
punishment.  During  war  they  were  carried  away  from  their  homes  be- 
cause it  was  easier  to  move  them  durinfj  hostilities  than  to  leave  a  force 
to  protect  them  at  their  homes.  They  are  held  in  exile  against  their 
will.  They  are  kindred  to  Winnemucca  and  his  children,  ^'atchez  and 
Sarah,  wlio  i»eriled  their  lives  and  were  indefatigable  during  the  war  in 
doing  everything  for  the  whites  and  the  Army.  I  am  thus  earnest  and 
perhaps  may  be  thought  importunate  in  again  urging  this  question,  be- 
cause it  arose  under  my  command  and  by  otiicers  acting  under  me,  and 
these  people  and  their  families  and  friends  look  to  me  to  see  their  wrongs 
redressed.  I  have  had  visits  from  Natchez  and  Sarah,  and  messages, 
asking  me  to  have  these  people  sent  home.  They  have  no  representative, 
no  new8pai)er  to  speak  for  them,  and  even  if  they  could  get  their  case  be- 
fore the  courts  are  ignorant  of  the  way  to  bring  it  there.  I  beg  the 
l)roi)er  oliicers  may  hmk  again  into  this  question,  not  as  a  matter  of 
convenience  to  the  service,  but  one  of  justice  to  unfortunate  and  inno- 
cent people. 

I  do  not  know  that  it  is  expected  of  me  at  this  late  day  of  my  service, 
or  that  it  is  desirrd,  that  f  should  oiler  any  recommendation  as  to  the 
general  good  ot  the  Army,  still  1  will  venture  to  bring  one  (juestion  to 
the  notice  of  the  AVar  Department,  with  a  vi(?w  to  Congressional  action, 
because  I  have  found  it  one  of  great  inconvenience  and  delay  in  the  ad- 
ministration of  military  justice. 

I  mean  the  limitation  now  imposed  by  law  on  the  hours  of  session  of 
courts-nnirtial,  making  it  illegal  to  sit  after  3  o'chu-k  j).  m. 

A  reference  to  Lord  .Alacaulay's  Uistory  of  England  will  show  that  this 
limitation  was  imposed  by  Parliament  because  at  the  time  it  was  done 
3  o'clock  was  the  dinner  hoiu"  of  oliicers,  and  it  was  then  the  custom  of 


364  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 

ofliccrs  ;iii(l  ^c.iillciiicii  lo  be  in  .stic.li  a  .state  af'tc-i' diiiner  as  to  unfit  tlioiii 
lor  jiulicial  iiiiiclious. 

r>ut  oJliceivs  <lo  not  now  dliw.  at  .">  o'clock  aud  do  not  j^ct  <iiiink  when 
they  dine,  and  tlie  restriction  lias  ceased  to  liaveany  jnstitication  ;  and 
is  sini])ly  a  relic  of  the  past  which  is  the  canse  of  much  inconvenience 
and  delay  alik<',  to  the  court  and  the  i^risoner,  especially  at  distant  i)0Sts. 

1  send  herewith  the  reports  of  the  officers  of  the  division  staff  and  ask 
esi)ecial  attention  to  that  of  Assistant  Adjutant-Creneral  Kelton,  con- 
cernino-  the  iTni)rovement  in  rifle  practice  in  this  division.  To  no  one 
in  this  command,  if,  indeed,  in  the  Avhole  Army,  is  the  service  more  in- 
debted in  the  imi)ortant  question  of  use  of  small-arms  than  to  Colonel 
Kelton  ;  an  enthusiast  and  expert  shot  himself,  he  has  for  years  followed 
u])  the  subject  witli  a  zeal  and  intelligence  and  marked  ability  which 
have  ])een  of  the  greatest  value  to  the  whole  Army,  and  for  which,  as 
much  of  it  was  quite  outside  of  his  routine  service  as  an  assistant  a<l- 
jutantgeneral,  he  merits  esi)ecial  (-onsideration. 

1  have  the  honor  to  be,  very  respectfullv,  your  obedient  servant, 

iRvix  Mcdowell, 

Major- General,  Commandinf/  Division. 
The  Adjutant-General,  United  States  Army, 

WasMiKjton^  D.  C. 


REPORT  OF  THE  ADJUTANT-GE:N^ERAL. 

War  Department, 
Adjutant-General's  Office, 

Washington^  November  .3,  1882. 

Sir  :  T  have  the  honor  to  submit  my  annual  report  for  the  year  end- 
ing September  30,  1882. 

militia. 

During  the  past  summer  and  fall  inspections  of  State  militia  encamp- 
ments were  made  as  herein -below  indicated: 

California.— At  San  Jos^,  by  Maj.  R.  F.  Frank  and  Capt.  0.  P.  Eakin, 
First  il.  S.  Artillery. 

Indiana. — Near  Indianapolis,  by  Maj.  J.  A.  Smith,  Corps  of  Engineers, 
and  Jiieut.  E.  L.  Randall,  Fifth  XI.  S. 'infantry. 

Maine. — Xear  Augusta,  by  Lieut.  .1 .  R.  Totten,  Fourth  U.  S.  Artillery. 

MassacMisctts. — On  the  State  grounds,  by  Capt.  G.  B.  Rodnev,  Fourth 
U.  S.  Artillery. 

Pennsyhmnia. — At  Lewistowai,  by  Capt.  R.  H.  Hall,  Tenth  U.  S. 
Infantry. 

Rhode  Island. — At  Oakland  Beach,  by  Capt.  E.  Field,  Fourth  TJ.  S. 
Artillery. 

Vermont. — At  Brandon,  by  Lieut.  H.  E.  Tutherly,  First  U.  S.  Cavalry. 

The  rei)orts — appended  hereto — of  the  several  inspecting  officers  are 
highly  gratifying.  They  unmistakably  indicate  increased  interest  by 
both  officers  and  men,  and  a  determiiuxtion  to  overcome  obstacles — ex- 
ternal as  well  as  internal — that  militate  against  the  best  interests  of  this 
imi)ortant  branch  of  the  defensive  jiower  of  the  country. 

In  addition  to  the  regular  State  encampments,  competitive  drills  have 
been  held  at  Charleston,  S.  C,  New  Orleans,  La.,  Detroit  and  Grand 
Ra])ids,  ]\lich.,  Louisville,  Ky.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  Toledo,  Ohio,  Baltimore, 


REPORT    OF    XIIK    fSKCRETAEY    OF    WAR.  365 

Md.,  Milwiiukee,  Wis.,  and  Pittsbiirgli,  Pa.  It  gives  me  much  pleasure 
to  relcr  to  this  fact  as  an  additional  evidence  of  the  almost  universal 
spirit  of  emulation  displayed  ])y  the  uniformed  militia,  and  of  the  desire 
on  its  part  to  excel  in  military  exercises. 

Under  your  instructions  copies  of  the  revised  code  of  llegulations  for 
the  Army  have  been  sent  to  the  adjutant-generals  of  the  several  States 
in  numbers  sufficient  for  distribution  to  the  military  organizations  re- 
ported by  them  in  the  annual  militia  return  required  by  law.  To  com- 
l)Iete  the  assimSation  of  the  management,  drill,  and  internal  govern- 
ment of  the  militia  witli  that  of  the  IJegular  Army — so  far  as  the  fun- 
damental conditions  of  their  res])ective  existence  will  pro])erly  permit — 
I  beg  to  renew  my  recommendation  that  Congress  be  asked  to  author- 
ize tiie  distribution  from  this  ottice,  on  requisitions  of  the  respective 
adjutant-generals,  of  the  tactical  works,  blank  forms,  and  books  pre- 
scribe<l  for  the  Army. 


THE   MILITARY    PRISON. 

The.  i)rogress  of  affairs  at  the  militaiy  prison,  Fort  Leavenworth, 
Kans.,  has  been,  as  far  as  the  means  supplied  would  permit,  satisfac- 
tory. Home  embarrassment  was  experiencedj  ust  before  the  close  of  the 
last  fiscal  year  because  of  the  delay  in  obtaining  appropriations,  which 
prevented,  to  some  extent,  early  pre])arations  for  a  continuance  of  the 
genera]  operations,  but  more  especially  the  preliminary  arrangements 
for  procuring  supplies  for  the  prison.  This  was  only  temporary,  however, 
and  the  time  lost  was  in  a  measure  compensated  for  by  the  usual 
energetic  action  of  the  olhcers  oT  the  prison.  The  appropriation  of 
$(>2,4:G1.17  for  the  tiscal  year  ending  June  30, 1882,  was  all  expended,  and 
a  deticiency  a)>i)ropriation  of  85,000  was  asked  for  and  obtained,  but  an 
unexpended  balance  of  $1,007.45  was  covered  back  into  the  Treasury. 

In  August,  1881,  the  sum  of  90^730.42,  which  had  been  on  deposit  in 
the  First  Nat  ional  Bank,  LeavenAvorth,  Ivans.,  representing  an  unex- 
pended balance  of  funds  received  up  to  November,  1878,  on  account  of 
earnings  by  prisoners'  labor  and  sales  of  manufactured  articles,  &<•., 
was  covered  into  the  Treasury.  The  prison  earnings,  &c.,  had  been  used 
prior  to  November,  1878,  towards  defraying  the  expenses  of  the  prison, 
but,  as  it  appeared  on  examination  at  that  time  that  the  law  did  jiot  give 
specitic  authority  for  such  disi>(»sition  of  the  funds,  steps  were  taken  to 
obtain  legislation  u]»ou  the  subject;  the  elf(u-t,  however,  was  unsuccess- 
ful, and  the  balan<M'  of  funds  remaining  on  that  account  was  turned  in 
as  stated.  No  money  was  rocei\  ed  as  ])rison  earnings, and  no  sales  were 
made  siil)se(iU(Mit  to  November,  1878,  Imt  an  account  was  ojiened  with 
the  (^>uartermaster\s  I)e])artnuMit  by  charging  against  it  a  per  diem  for 
skilled  and  unskilled  hibor,  ami  the  work  of  tin;  prisoners,  except  that 
employed  upon  prison  Iniihlingsand  grounds  (including  the  cultivation 
of  a  farm),  was  (Urected  to  the  manufacture  <»f  Army  supplies  and  other 
work  for  the  Quartermaster's  Department. 

The  commissi<»ners  of  the  i)rison  hav(!  visited  and  iusi)ecte<l  it  regn 
hirly,  as  reipiired  bylaw;  an  inspector-general  of  the  Army  lias  made 
a  regidarand  thorough  inspection  of  the  [frison,  in  all  its  dei>arlm«'nts, 
e.MMy  lliree  nu>ntlis,  and  the  iiieijical  diieetor  of  the  l)ej)aihnenl  of 
the  ^Missouri  has  made  a  monthly  inspection.  The  fact  that  tin'  «mi- 
tire.  management  of  the  institntion  has  l)e(Mi  f(»und  sat isfactory  at  all 
times  under  this  unusually  clost^  scrutiny,  is  good  evidence  of  the  coni- 
l)etency  of  its  ollicers,  [»articularly  the  governor,  to  whom,  without  a 


366  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    TMK 

Kinjjle  rospivation  or  oxcejttioii,  all  officers  whose  duty  it  has  l»een  to 
note,  oi-  (lireet  the  conduct  of  iilfairH  at  the  prison  give  the  very  highest 
coninuHKhition. 

A  l)rief  stntonu  lit  of  the  work  diirlng  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 
IS.SU,  is  tiikei)  from  the  ie]>ort  of  the  governor  of  the  ])rison,  as  follows: 
Mamifartiired  for  th('('))narterinaster's  Department,  33,113  pairs  of  boots, 
18,!)!)(i  pairs  of  shoes,  30,0()()  corn  brooms,  2,230  barrack  chairs,  118  sets 
of  ciiair  rods,  it  K)  extra  i)arts  of  chairs,  1,292  packing  boxes,  130  crates, 
127  sets  ol'  tour-mule  ambulance  harness,  13(5  sets  of'six  iiiule  wagou 
harness,  110  single  sets  of  wagou  harness,  and  310  suits  of  citizeu  cloth- 
ing for  issue  to  prisoners  on  discharge.-  Besides  this  work  in  the  shops 
a  large  brick  store-house  30  by  80  feet  and  two  stories  high,  a  new  set 
of  otiicers'  quarters,  and  a  new  stable  were  erected;  420  feet  of  curbing 
set,  and  1,500  feet  of  stone  coping  laid  upon  the  prisou  wall;  00  acies  of 
ground  cultivated  in  potatoes,  coru,  cabbage,  and  a  variety  of  vegeta- 
bles— all  by  prisou  labor,  under  the  foreman  employed.  A  great  amount 
of  miscellaneous  Avork  and  repairs  was  also  accomplished  in  the  same 
manner. 

The  work  performed  for  the  Quartermaster's  Department  was  55,001 
days  of  skilled  and  70,174  days  of  unskilled  labor,  amounting  in  money- 
value  to  $24,350.10. 

The  number  of  ])risoners  in  confinement  June  30, 1881,  was  447.  There 
were  received  during  the  year,  348,  and  lost  by  discharge,  i&c.,  342,  leav- 
ing 453  in  confinement  June  30,  1882.  Transfers  to  the  prison  were 
suspended  in  June  last,  because  of  lack  of  room  to  accommodate  more 
than  450  prisoners  during  the  hot  season  with  safety  to  health.  This 
suspension  detained  i)risoners  for  a  few  weeks  at  the  military  posts  in 
several  departments,  but  increased  accommodations,  which  were  iu 
course  of  construction  during  the  summer,  having  lately  been  completed, 
the  transfers  liave  been  resumed. 

The  health  of  the  prisoners  has  been  excellent,  considering  the  class 
of  men  brought  together;  for  a  large  proportion  have  led  wild  lives,  and 
become  more  or  less  addicted  to  habits  which  must  produce  ill  effects 
upon  the  i)hysical  constitution.  But  one  death  occurred  during  the  year, 
and  that  was  from  disease  which  existed  before  the  man  was  received  at 
the  prison.  The  most  careful  attention  is  given  to  the  preparation  of 
the  food,  and  cleanliness  of  body  is  enforced  by  frequent  bathing. 

The  reformatory  features  of  the  institution  may  properly  be  consid- 
ered under  two  divisions:  First,  the  general  habits  of  the  men;  and  in 
this  there  is  uudoubte<lly  much  reformation,  for  the  majority  of  men 
cannot  possibly  pass  a  term  of  two  years  or  more  under  wise  discipline 
and  regular  employment,  and  under  restraint  from  vicious  indulgences, 
without  some  good  eliect.  Second,  the  mental  and  moral  character, 
which  are  for  the  most  ])art  unaffected  save  by  the  free  will  and  strong 
effort  of  the  man  himself.  In  this  respect  no  certain  success,  or  even 
progress,  can  be  seen  except  in  a  very  few  instances.  The  chaplain  of 
the  prisou  is  faithfully  devoted  to  the  work  in  his  department,  and 
during  the  year  made  a  most  earnest  effort  to  establish  regular  classes 
for  instruction  in  the  common  branches  of  learning.  Teachers  were 
selected  from  among  the  prisoners,  and  were  compensated  by  a  credit 
of  one  day  against  their  terms  of  confinement  for  each  day  employed 
in  teaching.  For  a  short  time  the  undertaking  ])romised  to  be  success- 
ful ;  but  the  novelty  soon  wore  away,  the  attendance  diminished,  until 
all  idea  of  a  regular  school  session  was  abandoned,  and  secular  instruc- 
tion is  now  sought  by  a  very  few,  but  these  few  receive  all  the  aid  and 
encouragement  that  can  be  given.    A  good  library  Las  been  provided 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  367 

for  the  use  of  prisoners,  and  is  reasonably  well  patronized.  Religious 
services  are  held  regularly,  and  are  atteiuled  by  nearly  one-half  of  the 
prisoners,  and  it  is  reasonable  to  expect  that  some  small  percentage 
M'ill,  at  the  end  of  their  terms,  be  restored  to  good  citizenship  and  use- 
ful lives  in  the  community. 

In  this  connection  I  beg  to  renew  most  earnestly  my  recommendation 
that  the  governor  (who,  while  on  duty  under  his  brevet  rajik  of  colonel, 
receives  oidy  the  pay  and  allowances  of  his  actual  rank  of  captain)  be 
•  given  the  local  rank  of  colonel,  icitli  the  pay  and  alloirances  of  that  grade. 
Personal  knowledge,  resulting  from  ollicial  visits  to  the  iirison,  con- 
vinces me  that  the  high  administrative  abilities  of  the  i)resent  incum- 
bent of  the  office  of  governor,  the  rare  i)owers  exhibited  by  him  in  the 
successful  mnnagement  of  tlie  many  branches  of  industry  conducted 
in  that  institution,  and  the  amount  of  labor  and  responsibility  falling 
to  his  share,  demand  recognition,  not  as  a  favor,  but  as  a  well  and  long 
merited  acknowledgment  of  his  eminent  titness  for  the  position  he  oc- 
cupies, and  of  his  singular  tidelity  to  his  trust. 

With  this  general  statement  I  beg  to  refer  to  the  reports  of  the 
governor  and  other  officers  of  the  prison,  heretofore  submitted,  for  the 
details  of  the  year's  work  and  progress. 

GOVERNMENT  HOSPITAL  FOR  THE   INSANE. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  persons  committed  to  the  Government  IIos- 
pital  for  the  Insane,  under  the  orders  of  the  honorable  the  Secretary  of 
War,  from  October  1.  1881,  to  October  1,  1882: 

Orticers  of  the  United  States  Army  (retired) 1 

Officers  of  the  late  volunteer  service  (U.  S.  colored  troops) 1 

Enlisted  men  of  the  United  States  Army 4.") 

Late  soldiers  of  the  United  States  Army 8 

Late  volunteer  soldiers T 1 

Inmates  of  the  United  States  Soldiers'  Home 6 

Militai-y  prisoners 5 

Employes  of  the  Quartermaster's  Department 1 

Hospital  matrons 1 

Total 09 

OFFICERS   ON   DUTY   AT   REMOTE   POINTS,  AND   ALLOWANCES  TO   OFFI- 
CERS  ON   COURTS-MARTIAL   AND   MILITARY   HOARDS. 

A  profound  conviction  of  tbe  equity  of  my  foniier  recommendations 
on  the  subject  of  officers  on  duty  at  renu^te  i)oints,  and  of  allowances 
to  officers  on  courts-martial  and  military  bojirds,  iniix'ls  mc  to  again 
invite  your  attention  to  the  reasons  wiiich  seem  to  demand  the  moditi- 
cation  of  sections  1232  and  1200  of  the  Kevised  Statutes: 

The  great  inconvenience  to  ofiicers  at  distant  stations,  resiiltin;^  in  thediHiculty,  and 
in  some  cases  the  impossibility,  of  procurinjj  assistance  in  suitplying  their  personal 
wants  and  the  care  of  their  projierty,  seems  to  demand  that  section  12;{'J  of  the  Revised 
Statutes  should  Ix?  sumewhat  modified,  so  that  olliceis  at  remote  i^nsts  where  private 
help  cannot  he  procured  may  he  authorized,  with,  in  every  case,  tlu-  consent  of  tiie 
soldier  himself,  to  secure  the  services  of  an  enlisted  man  for  the  perfornnmce  of  those 
duties.  The  entire  time  and  iittention  of  olhcers  servin;;  with  trooi)H  is  r<-quired  in 
looking  after  the  comfort  anil  wiints  of  their  commands  and  tin*  care  of  governnn'nt 
proj)erty  and  interests,  l-^ven  if  the  pcrformaiu'e  of  these  domestic  dntn-s  weie  suited 
to  their  ]>ositions,  they  could  only  do  so  l>y  neglecting  some  of  ttie  important  and  re- 
sponsible public  diiMes  so  absolutely  essential  to  the  well-being  und  ediiiem-y  of  their 
respective  commands  and  the  best  interests  of  the  service  and  government. 

Instances  could  be  cited  of  olhcers  win),  ratin-r  than  \  ioiate  the,  section  named,  have 
conscientiouslv  abstained  from  the  employment  of  thi-ir  men  in  ]>reparing  their  food 
or  caring  for  their  auimula,  and  Uave  thMmselvcB  performed  theue  duties.    It  is  uofc 


368  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

l)cliovc(l  lliat.  CoiigusH  c(iiitciiiiil:i,tt;d  sik^i  a  conditiou  of  aftaiiR,  and  I  siucorely  hope 
an  t'tilbrt  Avill  lu;  made  lo()l<infr  to  flio  ro]»f;al  orthatBcction,  or,  jiioferably,  to  its  niodi- 
lication,  so  that,  in  snch  cases,  and  conditional  on  the  constant  of  the  soldier  and  the 
apiiviival  of  ll\i'  do]iartnient  eonnnandcr,  onicers  may  he  allowed  the  servit^es  of  au 
onlistod  mail  of  their  iuimidiate  command,  the  ])ay  i)roper  of  tlie  soldier  being  with- 
lield  by  the  j;overnmen1  and  paid  l)y  llie  ofticcr  benelited. 

Many  casi^s  have  come  to  my  kuowlcdgf!  of  the  hardships  resnltin^  from  the  detail 
of  oflicers  for  duty  on  important  conrts-martial  or  military  boards  convened  at  points 
away  from  the  ])roper  stations  of  such  otiieers,  and  I  beg  to  invito  your  eariKsst  atten- 
tion to  this  mat  ter.  (Selected  by  reason  of  eminent  fitness  for  the  special  duty  to  which 
assigned,  they  have  no  control  over  the  length  of  the  period  of  time  during  which  the, 
conrt-martial  or  board  must  remain  in  session  to  complete  its  labors,  and,  under  section 
12G9  of  the  Kevised  .Statutes,  forbidding  any  allowance  being  made  to  an  ollicer  in  ad- 
dition to  his  pay,  the  increased  expenses  incident  to  their  stay  in  cities  fall  so  heavily 
upon  them  in  the  discharge  of  imposed  duty  that,  it  seems  to  me,  the  action  of  Con- 
gress reviving,  in  such  cases,  the  old  j;er  dieni  allowance  would  be  a  simple  act  of  jus- 
tice. That,  however,  there  may  be  proper  restriction  and  avoidance  of  abase,  I  beg 
to  suggest  the  decision,  in  each  case,  bo  left  absolutely  to  the  discretion  of  the  honor- 
able tlie  Secretary  of  War. 

WORKING  OF   THE  OFFICE. 

The  composition  of  the  clerical  and  other  force  of  this  office  was,  at 
the  date  of  my  last  report,  as  follows : 


No. 


1 
11 

17 
35 
151 
*30 
6 
*25 
9 
30 

:i7 

38 
22 
til 

423 


Deai<niation. 


Grade.  )     Employed  under- 


Civilian  clerks Chief  clerk i  Act  of  March  3,  1881. 

do I  Clas.sIV I  Do. 

do 1  Class  III Do. 

do I  Class  II Do. 

(lo [  Class  I Do. 

, do ' do Do. 

do  i  At$l,000 Do. 

do ' do Do. 

Civilian  afssiatiint  messengers i Do. 

(General  service  clerks I  Sergeants |  Act  of  March  3,  1875. 

do * '  Privates •  Do. 

General  service  messengers j do Do. 

General  service  watoliineu ....do '  ■        Do. 

General  service  clerk's ! do Act  of  March  3.  1881. 


*  Additional,  to  expedite  reports  upon  ])eusiou  cases. 

t  Under  the  law  allowing  thirty  additional  men  to  the  hnreaus  of  the  War  Department. 

I  had  then  the  honor  to  represent  that  this  anomalous  orcranizatiou — 
part  belonging  to  the  purely  civil  and  nearly  one-third  chargeable  to 
the  military  establishment — was  working  injury  to  the  Army,  by  cum- 
bering its  rolls  with  men  ijerforming  purely  clerical  duties,  and,  to  the 
extent  of  their  pay  and  allowances,  lessening  tJie  appropriations  for  the 
support  of  tlie  Army  proper.  Tlie  law  of  August  5,  1882,  mrdving  ap- 
propriations for  the  legislative,  executive,  and  judicial  expenses  of  the 
government,  has  ap])lied  the  proper  remedy  by  placing  the  entire  <;leri- 
cal  and  other  force  of  the  oihce  on  the  civil  list.  In  this  connection,  [ 
beg  to  refer  to  the  remarks  I  made  in  my  last  rei>ort  on  the  subject  ot 
"clerical  duty  in  the  Army,"  and  my  conviction  that  the  advantages 
resulting  from  the  employment  of  civilian  clerks  at  the  several  military 
headquarters  would  be,  tis  indicated  in  that  rei)ort,  economy, 'benefit  to 
the  Army,  and  greater  efticiency  in  the  performance  of  the  ckn-ical 
work. 

The  rapid  increase  in  the  niunber  of  calls  from  Ihe  Pension  C>llice  for 
information  from  the  rolls  in  connection  with  chiinis  for  pension,  and 
the  utter  inadequacy  of  my  force  to  x)repare  and  make  reports  as 
promptly  as,  in  my  opinion,  simple  justice  to  men  who  had  periled  life 
and  limb  in  defense  of  the  government  imperatively  demautled,  led  me 


REPORT    OF   THE    SECRETARY   OF    WAR. 


369 


to  urgently  lequcst  an  tncre.ise  of  clerical  force  in  numlters  siifticient  to 
partially  coriTesi)oiul  with  tlie  lar^e  uuiaber  of  additional  clerks  de- 
manded by  the  Pension  Oflice,  and  the  law  above  cited  authorized  the 
employment  in  my  office  of  1.38  clerks  "to  be  exclusively  eiiffaged  iu 
l)reparing  and  making  reports  to  exiiedite  the  settlement  of  pension 
ai)plications  and  soldiers'  claims."  The  present  clerical  aud  other  force 
is  as  follows: 

Chief  clerk 1 

Clerks  of  chuss  four 24 

Clerks  of  class  thrc30 ;{5 

Clerks  of  daws  two (37 

Clerks  of  class  one 354 

Clerks  of  §1,000 .'.'  i^ 

Messengers 5 

Assistaut  messengers r>l 

Watchmen 'j7 

Laborers  . ;{ 

Total 583 

In  view  of  the  scattered  condition  of  tlie  records  of  this  oflice,  large 
masses  being,  of  necessity,  stored  in  buildings  totally  unsuited  for  their 
reception  and  safe  keeping,  the  fourth  story  and  attic  of  the  south  wing 
of  the  State,  War,  and  Kavy  building — assigned  by  Congress  to  the . 
War  Department — were  turned  over  to  me  for  the  accommodation  of 
the  valuable  records  aud  large  clerical  force  connected  therewith,  which 
for  years  have  been  located  in  a  large  double  wareliouse  on  Xew  York 
avenue,  below  Seventeenth  street.  Energetic  measures  were  at  once 
taken  to  eflect  the  transfer,  and  1  confidently  expect  it  will  be  completed 
within  a  few  days.  The  extent  of  this  laborious  work,  i^erfonned  with 
general  alacrity  and  good-will,  will  be  the  more  readily  appreciated 
when  I  state  that  the  records  in  question — regimental  and  comjiany 
record  lK)oks — number  upwards  of  o5,000  thin  folios.  The  absolute 
necessity  for  a  quick  trausfer,  the  largo  inliux  of  men  unacquainted 
with  the  min.ut'KD  of  xVrmy  records,  and  tlie  consequent  necessity  devolv- 
ing on  the  older  clerks  to  devote  much  time  to  their  instruction,  have 
prevented  the  attainment  of  the  highest  results.  The  following  table 
exhibits  the  labors  of  the  enlisted  volunteer  pension  branch  and  of  other 
divisions  of  the  oflice  engaged  iu  business  relating  to  claims  for  pen- 
sion, bount}',  liomestead  grants,  &c.: 


Stxttcment  of  calls  from  the  Commmioncr  of  Peni^ions,  Second  Audi  lor,  ,\'c.,for  full  or  par- 
tial histories  of  officers  and  men  of  the  late  volunteer  forcvn  in  connection  with  claima  for 
2)enision,  bounty,  backimy,  subsintejice,  land  clainm,  lost  horses,  <J-o. 


« 

On  hand 

October  1, 

1861. 

Iteceived 

durtn<;  the 

juivr. 

Total. 

Finished 
during 
year. 

On  hand 

OctolMT  1, 

1882. 

COMMISSIONER  OK  PEKeiONR. 

Kiilirttcd  volunteer  pension  branch 

Colorcil  tro(ii)s  division 

Vol  iHiteerscrvicebranch  (officers' clftims). 

15, 305 
120 
56 

130,118 

■», '!  1 J 

20,  743 

145,  ,513 

4,  7(!5 

20,  7ita 

103,  .577 

4,  502 

20,  3.'4 

41.  030 
203 
175 

Total 

15,  571 

15.'),  500 

171,077 

12.S,  403 

4"'  trr4 

BICCOKU  AUDITOK. 

Enlistcrl  volunteer  pension  branch 

4,  852 
125 
47 

10,264 
3,718 
1.  019 

1.5.110 
3,843 
1,0{M> 

13. 323 
3,  078 
l.dtO 

1.793 

105 

50 

TotAl 

5.024 

15,031 

20. 055 

18,041 

2  014 

24  Ah 

370 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


Staiement  of  caUr,from  the  Commisaionrr  of  Fensions,  Second  Audilor,  4c- — Continued. 


On  liaiid 

Ortoli.il, 

18S1. 

Tlooeivp/l 

during  tbe 

year. 

Total. 

Tiiiiehed 
during 
year. 

On  hand 

Octfibev  1, 

1882. 

TIIIKI)  AinuTon. 

5 

305 

310 

291 

10 

OEXIsnAL  LAND  OFflCB. 

1,  683 
3 

3,747 
11» 

5,  4:!l) 
122 

4,778 
118 

652 

4 

To  t  al 

1,686 

3, 866 

5,552 

4,896 

656 

BUnpiSTKXCE  T)KI'A KTJriCX  T. 

Enlisted  vohmteer  pension  braiicli 

1,459 

906 
4(1 

2,  365 
43 

1,908 
42 

457 
1 

Total 

1,  4H2 

946 

2, 4i)8 

1,050 

458 

I'AY  DErAKTMEXr. 

697 

607 

696 

1 

EEQAPITULATION. 
Number  of  calls  from  all  sources  : 

Onband  October  1, 18S1 •. 23,748 

Keceived  during  tbe  year 176,  351 


200,  099 
Fiuisbed  during  tbe  year 154,  277 

Kemaining  on  baml  October  1,  1882 45,822 

In  conclusion,  it  ftives  me  much  pleasure  to  state  tbat  the  business 
of  the  office  duriug  the  past  year  has  been  discharged  satisfactorily, 
and  to  bear  testimony  to  the  general  efficiency  and  faithfulness  of  my 
clerks. 

The  accompanying  table  gives  a  general  exhibit  of  the  work  jier- 
formed,  omitting,  necessarily,  the  higher  class  of  duties,  which  cannot 
be  tabulated. 
Eespectfullv  submitted. 

K.  C.  DEUM, 

A  (Iju  ta  lit- General^ 
Hon.  Robert  T.  Lincoln, 

Secretary  of  War. 


REPORT  OF  THE  JUDGE-ADVOCATEGENER^L. 

War   DEPART3IENT, 

Bureau  of  Military  Justice, 

October  21,  1SS2. 

Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  the  following  report  of  the  business 
of  this  Bureau  for  the  year  ending  Septeuiber  30,  18S2: 

Number  of  general  court-martial  records  of  trials  received,  revised,  and  recorded.  I,  854 
Number  of  re])orts  made  and  opinions  rendered  upon  conrt-martial  proceeding.s, 
applications  for  pardon  and.  mitjoations  of  senteuces,  and  upou  miscellaneous 

questions  of  law  referred  to  tliis  I3ureau 891 

Number  of  tran.scripts  of  proceedings  of  courts-martial  furnislieil  the  Pension 

Bureau  and  Treasury  Department t^61 

(But  a  large  number  of  searches  for  data  have  been  made  on  personal 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  371 

application  of  the  Adjutant-General  and  the  Treasury  Department  not 
included  in  the  above.) 

Number  of  copies  of  records  furnished  parties,  as  required  by  the 
114th  Article  of  War,  238,  contaijiing  9,loG  pages. 

Tlie  number  of  records  of  trials  of  enlisted  men  tried  by  inferior  courts- 
martial  (garrison  and  regimental)  received  and  filed  in  the  departments 
in  which  such  courts  were  held,  as  reported  by  Judge- Advocates  of  De- 
partments, is  enumerated  as  follows: 

Department  of  Arizona  (no  report  rendered). 

Department  of  California - -...- 476 

Department  of  tbo  Columbia 8'Jl 

Department  of  Dakota 1,'J73 

Department  of  the  East 1, 122 

Dei)artment  of  the  Missouri 2,146 

Department  of  tlio  Platte I,'.i7r> 

Department  of  the  South .302 

Department  of  Texas..-. 1,220 

Total 8,795 

In  my  last  annual  report  I  adverted  to  the  law  organizing  and  pre- 
scribing the  duties  of  the  Bureau  of  Militaty  Justice  and  the  Corps 
of  Judge- Advocates,  the  various  military  tribuiutls,  together  with  the 
wants  and  necessities  of  said  Bureau  with  respect  to  its  persounel  and 
materiel.  Of  the  force  of  clerks  estimated  for — over  and  above  the  small 
force  allowed  in  the  past  fiscal  year — to  take  the  place  of  two  Judge- 
Advocates  relieved  and  assigned  to  duty  in  Departments,  and  to  assist 
in  claims  and  pension  searches,  &c.,  but  one  clerk  of  class  one  was  al- 
lowed, and  the  three  copyists  hitherto  emi)loyed  in  this  Bureau  were 
reduced  in  number  to  one ;  the  consequence  is  that  work  now  in  the 
office  which  ought  to  be  attended  to  within  a  reasonable  time  must  be 
delayed  indefinitely.  Applications  for  copies  of  records,  some  of  an 
urgent  nature,  now  awaiting  attention,  would  require  the  employment 
of  three  clerks  for  more  than  six  months,  even  if  no  more  applications 
for  copies  were  received  in  the  mean  time.  AYith  but  one  coi)yist  to  do 
this  work,  the  inconvenience  to  parties  is  apparent. 

In  my  previous  rei)ort  the  necessity  of  amending  the  Articles  of  "War 
in  certain  particulars  was  j)ointed  out  and  recommended,  which  recom- 
mendation is  here  renewed.  Considering  that  no  writ  of  error  or  ajtpeal 
lies  to  the  sentence  of  a  court-martial  under  our  laws,  and  that  the 
Judge-Advocate-General  is  expected  to  correct  irregular  proceedings 
of  courts-martial,  his  duties,  powers,  and  authority  over  these  tribunals 
should  be  more  clearly  defined  by  law.  The  course  now  i)ursued  when 
a  case  is  found  so  defectively  tried,  or  where  the  law  has  been  evidently 
misapprehended  to  the  prejudice  of  tlie  prisoner,  or  where  the  evidence 
is  not  deemed  sullicient  to  establish  his  guilt,  and  where  substantial 
justice  has  not  been  done,  is  to  submit  a  report  of  the  case  to  the  Sec- 
retary of  War,  witli  such  reciommendations  as  the  interests  of  justice 
may  demand,  when  the  functions  of  this  Bureau  cease  in  the  i)articular 
case. 

The  President  (and  the  Secretary  of  War,  by  section  ]  351  of  the  Revised 
Statutes)  may  pardon  or  mitigate  tlie  sentences  of  militaiy  convicts,  but 
they  have  no  corrective  power  or  aulliority  conferred  by  law  over  courts- 
martial  proceedings,  except  where  the  court  has  been  appointed  by  the 
President. 

Large  numbers  of  applications  for  mitigations  of  the  sentences  of 
military  courts  are  referred  here  for  rei)ort.  These  api)]ications  find 
their  way  to  this  Bureau,  sometimes  direct  liom  the  prisoner  or  his 


372  PAPEPtS    ACCOMPAKYING    THE 

friends,  or  tbroufrh  tlio  Secretary  of  War,  or  the  Afljiitant-General. 
Some  are  in  llie  Ibnii  of  ]>etitions  iiiMler  cover  of  the  iiidor-senient  of 
a  member  of  Coiij^re.ss.  This  Bureau  makes  up  a  full  njport  in  the 
case  from  the  record  of  the  trial  filed  therein,  statinj^  the  nature  of 
the  offence,  the  circumstances  connected  with  its  commission,  the 
sentence  iui])osed,  and  a  brief  opinion  on  the  merits  of  the  whole  case 
as  presented  in  the  application  for  clemency,  and  as  a])pears  from  the 
record  of  the  trial.  This  Bureau  is  then  required  to  transmit  its  re- 
l)ort  to  the  Adjutant-General,  who  is  presumed  thereupon  to  submit 
it  to  the  Secretary  of  War.  Formerly  such  reports  were  submitted 
direct  to  the  Secretary  of  War  by  the  Judge- Advocate-General,  but 
latterly  the  practice  has  varietl  and  alternated  between  the  Judge- 
Advocate-General  and  the  Adjutant-General.  At  one  time  the  Adju- 
tant-General was  required  to  refer  such  information  as  the  records  of 
his  office  contained  in  the  case  to  the  Judge- Advocate-Genenil,  who 
would  then  report  and  submit  the  case  for  the  consideration  of  the  Sec- 
retary. This  was  the  more  reasonable  and  logical  rule,  for  the  Adjutant- 
General  has  merely  the  custody  of  the  documents  evidencing  enlistments 
or  engagements  to  service,  while  this  Bureau  has  not  only  the.se  data  in 
the  case  (which  are  always  established  at  the  trial),  but  the  entire  record 
of  the  conviction.  Under  this  rule  neither  the  Adjutant-General's  Office 
nor  this  Bureau  was  subordinate  to  the  other,  and  action  was  secured 
in  the  light  of  all  the  attainable  facts  in  the  case,  and  with  no  unneces- 
sary delay  or  circundocution.  I  desire,  also,  in  this  connection,  to  invite 
attention  to  the  following:  The  recent  regulations  for  the  Army,  com- 
piled by  the  Adjutant-General,  contain  the  following  at  paragraph  874: 

Commnnications  relating  to  military  justice  or  proceedings  of  military  courts,  upon 
which  the  opiuion  of  the  Judge- Advocate-General  is  desired,  will  be  forwarded  through 
proper  channels  to  the  Adjutant-General. 

The  prior  regulation  on  this  subject  is  as  follows 

All  communications  pertaining  to  questions  of  military  justice  or  the  proceedings  of 
military  courts  and  commissions,  throughout  the  Armies  of  the  United  States,  must  he 
addressed  to  the  Judgc-Advocate-General. 

This  prior  regulation  was  originally  i)romulgated  in  general  orders  to 
the  Army,  but  subsequent  thereto,  and  quite  recently,  a  circular  or 
letter  changed  the  rule  as  now  embodied  in  the  regulation  above  quoted. 
It  is  difficult  to  understand  why  such  communications  should  be  ad- 
dressed to  the  Adjutant-General  rather  than  to  this  Bureau,  where 
all  the  data  in  such  matters  are  filed.  Further,  there  is  no  good  reason 
apparent  why  the  Adjutant-General  should  be  troubled  with  subjects 
over  which  he  has  by  law  no  powers  of  revision  or  control,  a  course 
necessarily  leading  to  delay,  confusion,  and  increased  labor,  without  any 
possible  beneficial  results.  Nothing  but  the  great  importance  of  the 
subject  impels  me  to  thus  advert  to  it.  It  deeply  affects  the  country  at 
large,  in  view  of  the  great  number  of  unfortuu;)  te  young  men  who  enlist 
and  fail  as  soldiers  in  time  of  peace,  and  thus  fill  the  military  prisons  of 
the  country,  leaving  in  numerous  cases  dependent  wives,  children,  par- 
ents, and  other  relatives,  whose  piteous  appeals  for  the  release  of  their 
friends  are  constantly  being  made.  Most  military  oflfeuders  are  not  of 
the  felonious  or  vicious  class;  the  great  majority  being  sim])ly  deserters, 
the  offence  of  desertion,  in  time  of  peace,  being  merely  a  breach  of  con- 
tract for  personal  services,  but  to  which  the  law  attaches  criminal  lia- 
bility. Men  enlist,  and  tind  the  service  to  be  totally  different  from 
Avhat  they  imagined  it  to  be.  They  find  that  nothing  substantial  can 
be  spared  for  the  assistance  of  dependent  relatives,  and  at  the  first 
favorable  opportunity  abandon  the  service.    The  penalties  now  usually 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.         373 

awarded  for  desertion — from  two  to  live  years'  bard  labor  in  prison  with 
dishonorable  discharge,  forfeiture  of  all  pay,  &c. — are  too  severe  for  this 
class  of  men. 

But  while  this  is  so,  there  are  others  who  are  known  in  the  Army  as 
chronic  deserters,  who  are  constantly  vibratinjf  between  the  company  and 
tlie  military  prison.  Such  characters  should  be  more  severely  dealt  with 
and  means  devised  to  effectually  exclude  them  from  the  service.  The 
ordinary  offence  of  desertion  in  time  of  peace  is,  in  n)y  judgment,  gen- 
erally too  severely  punished  in  our  service.  The  severity  of  the  jjunish- 
ment  is  clearly  not  projjortioned  to  the  criminal  nature  of  the  offence. 
But  why  should  this  be  necessary  in  our  Army  in  time  of  peace,  when 
recruits  can  so  readily  be  procured  and  retained  in  the  service?  The 
great  railroad  and  other  corporations  in  the  country  which  employ  many 
thousands  of  men  rarely  or  never  lose  their  men  through  denertion^  but 
the  employment,  though  often  severe  and  hazardous,  is  sought,  and,  when 
procured,  retained.  Hervice  as  a  soldier  in  the  Army  should  be  sought 
by  able-bodied  and  vigorous  men  as  a  calling  leading  to  honor  and  re- 
ward, instead  of  one  from  which  such  men  llee  by  the  thousand  annually. 
There  must  be  some  detect  in  our  military  system,  otherwise  this  would 
not  occur.  The  pay  and  allowances  of  a  soldier  are  about  those  of  the 
ordinary  unskilled  laborer.  It  is  believed,  however,  that  a  larger  num- 
ber of  the  artisan  class  enlist  than  of  the  unskilled  labor  class,  but  these 
soon  realize  that  the  pay  is  insufficient,  and  that  the  service  is  not  just 
what  was  anticipated:  hence  they  abandon  it.  In  my  judgment,  while 
the  pay  as  now  tixed  is  ami)le  for  some,  yet  for  the  greater  part  of  the 
enlisted  men  of  the  Army  it  is  lusufiQcient.  I  think  a  measure,  if  adopted, 
of  a  regular  increase  of  pay  fi'om  year  to  year  for  faithful  services  which 
at  the  end  of  five  years'  service  would  make  the  pay  of  a  soldier,  say, 
cwenty-five  or  thirty  dollars  per  month,  would  secure  to  the  service 
trained  soldiei's,  and,  all  things  considered,  at  a  cost  greatly  less  than 
that  incurred  by  the  present  system.  Again,  it  is  found  that  men  en- 
list and  desert  either  at  the  recruiting  rendezvous  or  soon  after  reach- 
ing the  depot  for  recruits.  It  would  be  well,  therefore,  in  time  of  peace, 
to  establish  a  probationary  term  for  the  recruit;  that  is,  upon  enlistment 
and  transfer  to  the  dei)ot,  if  he  finds,  upon  considering  his  new  relation, 
that  he  would  prefer  his  discharge,  to  grant  the  same  upon  his  paying 
expenses,  &c.,  incident  to  his  enlistment.  This  would  protect  the  gov- 
ernment and  save  the  country  a  citizen.  It  is  believed  that  a  soldier  in 
time  of  peace,  nndcr  proiyer  restrictions,  should  be  accorded  the  right  to 
buy  his  discharge  from  the  service,  by  paying  the  necessary  expenses 
and  charges  incident  to  his  enlistment  and  assignment  to  a  regiment. 
This  principle  was  indeed  recognized  even  in  the  emergency  of  a  time 
of  war  by  the  statntes  authorizing  persons  drafted  feo  furnish  substitutes. 
I  refer  to  this  only  as  it  relates  to  the  question  of  discijjline  through 
judicial  proceedings  and  of  pardons,  questions  on  which  this  Bureau  is 
required  to  act  under  the  law  and  regulations. 

The  views  of  this  Bureau  on  the  Article  of  War  limiting  prosecutions 
as  to  time  are  briefly  mentioned  in  thc-annual  report  of  the  Judge-Ad- 
vocate-Geueral  for  the  year  1879,  in  which  he  said: 

I  scarcely  nec^l  a,i;ain  reiniud  the  hoii(iral)le  Secretary  of  tlm  Hiiin;iilar  anomaly  dwelt 
upon  by  me  in  foruier  re})or(s,  that  wliilo  llio  prosocntioii  of  all  other  nulitary  crimen 
is  admitted  to  be  limited  by  the  exJKtinp  article  to  (hu])tri(nl  of  two  vearH  therein  pre- 
Bcribed,  the  crime  of  desertion  has  bfen  heretofore  held  and  treated  by  the  majority 
of  commanders  in  the  Army  to  be  practically  uinxtleeted  by  the  linutation,  so  that  a 
deserter  may  be  brouj^ht  to  trial  at  any  time  after  his  ollence,  or,  in  other  words,  remain 
liable  to  arrest  and  pnnishment  to  the  end  of  his  lifo.  Thus,  under  this  doctrine  and 
practice,  a  soldier  of  the  war  of  18I'J,  who  may  have  dosorted  and  be  still  alive,  may 


374  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

at  any  moment  Lo  apprehended,  tried  by  coiirt-martijil,  and  8cn(eiiced  to  a  term  of 
imprisonnieut,  tliouffll  by  an  cxempliiiy  and  valuable  life  of  inoni  (lian  half  a  century 
he  may  ha\'e  .atoned  over  and  over  for  tlu;  d<  r(Oi(;l,ii)n  of  liis  youth.  In  otlicr  words, 
he  remains  nnder  a  liability  from  which  a  soldii^r  guilty  of  mutiny  or  cowardice  in 
battle,  or  a  civilian  guilty  of  manslaughter,  robbery,  rapt;,  arson,  or  high  treason,  is 
exempt  under  the  existing  law  of  the  laud. 

Au4  in  Lis  report  of  1880  lie  says: 

In  conchision,  I  would  refer  the  Secretary  of  War  to  the  very  reccTit  decision  of  the 
United  States  district  court  for  the  sotitheru  district  of  New  York,  in  the  case  of  Thomas 
Davison,  on  habeas  corpus,  in  which  the  views  heretofore  expressed  by  me  and  my  pred- 
ecessor in  office,  in  regard  to  the  subject  of  the  limitation  of  ])rosecutiou  in  ca.ses  of 
desertion,  are  sustained  most  fully  and  explicitly  and  in  every  separate  paiticular. 

Tlie  following  is  a  copy  of  the  decision  referred  to  in  the  report  of  my 
predecessor: 

United  States  district  court,  southern  district,  New  York. 

In  the  matter  of  Thomas  Davison  on  habeas  corpus. 

Choate,  J. : 

The  petitioner,  Thomas  Davi.son,  seeks  to  be  discharged  on  habeas  corput.  He  has 
been  arrested  as  a  deserter  from  the  Army,  and  is  contiued  at  Fort  Columbus,  Gov- 
ernor's Island.  It  appears  by  the  return  that  he  eulisted  in  New  York  on  the  28th  day 
of  July,  1870,  for  the  term  of  five  years ;  and  that  he  deserted  while  on  furlough  on  the 
14th  day  of  February,  1872 ;  that  he  was  arrested  as  a  deserter  and  brought  to  Fort 
Columbus  on  the  21st  day  of  October,  1860,  and  that  the  prelimiutvry  steps  have  been 
taken  by  the  proper  military  officers  to  have  him  brought  before  a  general  court-mar- 
tial for  trial.  It  appears  »  *  •  that  at  no  time  since  the  14th  day  of  Febrnary, 
1872,  has  he  been  absent  from  the  United  States,  but,  on  the  contrary,  has  always  re- 
sided continuously  in  the  city  of  New  York,  Avhich  is  the  jjlace  where  he  is  alleged  to 
have  committed  the  offence  and  where  he  was  arrested. 

The  prisoner's  release  is  claimed  on  the  ground  "that  more  than  two  years  have 
elapsed  since  the  commission  of  the  alleged  offence  and  before  the  issuing  of  an  order 
for  his  trial,  and  that  therefore  he  is  not  legally  liable  to  be  arrested  and  held  for  trial 
as  a  deserter."    *     *     » 

The  one  hundred  and  third  Article  of  War  (Eev.  Slats.,  §  1342)  provides  that  "No 
person  shall  be  liable  to  be  tried  and  punished  by  a  general  court-martial  for  any  of- 
fence which  apijears  to  have  been  committed  more  than  two  years  before  the  issuing 
of  the  order  for  such  trial,  unless,  by  reason  of  having  absented  himself,  or  of  some 
other  manifest  impediment,  he  shall  not  have  been  amenable  lo  justice  within  that 
period."  It  is  insisted  on  the  jiart  of  the  respondent  that  by  "absence"  is  here  meant 
absence  from  the  post  of  duty,  and  that  this  article  has  no  application  to  desertions. 
It  is  certainly  a  startling  proposition  that  there  is  no  limitation  at  all  upon  prosecit- 
tions  for  the  olfence  of  desertion ;  that  one  who  has  once  been  a  deserter  is  subject 
during  the  whole  of  his  natural  life  to  be  brought  before  a  military  court  and  tried 
and  punished  for  this  offence  even  in  extreme  old  age.  Y'et  this  is  seriously  contended 
by  the  learned  counsel  for  the  respondent.  The  statute  does  not  require,  nor  in  my 
opinion  admit  of  so  strict  and  narrow  a  construction.  There  is  nothing  in  this  article 
itself  clearly  indicating  that  it  does  not  extend  to  every  military  olfeuce.  As  it  is  the 
only  article  limiting  the  time  of  prosecutions,  the  presumption  is  very  strong  that  it 
extends  to  every  militarj^  olience  ;  for,  with  the  single  exception  of  the  crime  of  mur- 
der, the  almost  universal  policy  of  the  criminal  law  is  to  prescribe  a  term  within 
which  the  oft'ender  shall  be  brought  to  trial.  The  language  of  this  statute  of  limita- 
tions must  be  construed  with  reference  to  the  use  of  similar  language  in  other  statutes 
of  limitations.  The  "absence"  here  intended  is  obviously  from  the  context  such  an 
absence  as  interposes  an  impediment  to  the  bringing  of  the  oifender  to  trial  and  pun- 
ishment. It  means  absence  from  the  jurisdiction  of  the  military  courts;  that  is,  ab- 
sence from  the  United  States.  The  "other  manifest  impediments"  referred  to  in  the 
statute  as  being  such  as  shall  have  |ffevented  the  oifender  from  being  amenable  to 
justice,  are  such  impediments  only  as  operate  to  prevent  the  military  court  from  exer- 
cising its  jurisdiction  Over  him,  as,  for  instance,  his  being  contiuuously  a  prisoner  in 
the  hands  of  the  enemy,  or  of  his  being  imprisoned  under  sentence  of  a  civil  court  for 
crime,  and  the  like.  This  seems  to  me  to  be  the  sensible  and  proper  construction  of 
the  article.  It  is  the  construction  which  has  been  frequently  given  to  it  by  the  Ex- 
ecutive department.  (1  Opin.  Atty.  Gen.,  383;  13  id,  4G2;  14  iV?.,  r>2;  re  Harris,  14 
id.,  26.").)  Nor  as  it  seems  to  me  can  the  whole  effect  of  the  limitation  be  taken  away 
on  the  theorj^  that  the  desertion  may  be  considered  for  some  purposes  to  be  a  continu- 
ing offence.  The  offence  was  complete  February  22,  1872,  for  the  purjiose  of  this  article, 
and  indeed  in  the  return  that  is  alleged  to  be  the  time  when  the  offence  was  commit- 
ted for  which  the  prisoner  is  now  held.  * 


EEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  375 

Upon  the  nncliBpute  1  fafts  of  the  ease  there  was  neither  ahwiice  nor  other  iiii])e(li- 
ment  to  lii.s  proseeuiion  within  the  uieuuiiifi  of  ihe  statute.  Tiie  ]>risoner  li;us  at  all 
times  heeu  within  the  jnriMli.tiou  and  auien;i!)!e  to  justice  if  the  eharjje  aiuMiuHt  hiui 
is  true.  Therefore  lu;  i.s  entitled  to  1»«  <lisehar;,'e<l.  The  facts  are  such  that  if  hruuLcht 
to  trial  he  csitinot  ^lowsibly  he  fouii'l  ;;uilty,  or  )»uuishe(l  hy  court-martial  for  the  deser- 
tion. If  ou  the  fact."*  a  queatioii  could  arise  whether  the  juisoiier  had  as  matter  of 
fact  heen  absent  froui  the  jurisdictiou,  or  by  reasou  of  other  iniiiedinient  had  uot  been 
aTnenahJe  to  justice,  theu  it  mi;iht  perhaps  be  the  proper  province  of  the  ^nilitary 
court  and  not  of  this  court  on  hahetm  corpun  to  detenuiiu'  that  question.  But  the  fact 
not  being  disputed  That  he  lias  resided  in  th*i  city  of  New  York  continuously  ever 
since  his  desertion  the  court-martial  has  nothing  to  try  and  his  arrest  lor  this  cause 
is  illegal. 

Petitioner  discharged. 

The  ojjposin^'  vicw.s  and  reasoniuo',  as  published  in  ])amphlet  hy  the 
Adjutaut-General,  lioldinj;-  that  the  olfence  of  desertion  i.s  not  compre 
hended  within  the  one  hundred  and  third  Article  of  War,  are  as  follows: 

The  origin  of  the  statute  [of  limitations]  is  in  the  act  of  April  10,  1806  (2  Stat.,  p. 
259),  and  is  in  the  exact  language  of  the  present  one  hundred  and  third  Article  of 
War,  with  the  single  non-essential  excejjtiou  that  in  the  present  one  hundred  and  third 
article  the  word  "of"  occurring  before  the  words  "some  other  manifest  impediment" 
does  not  appear  in  the  original  act.  But  prior  to  the  creation  of  this  statute,  viz,  by 
the  act  of  March  IG,  1802  (2  Stat.,  sec.  16,  j).  671),  it  was  provided  "that  if  any  non- 
commissioned ollieer,  musician,  or  private  shall  desert  the  service  of  the  Uni  te<l  .States, 
he  shall  in  addition  to  the  penalties  mentioned  in  the  x-ules  and  articles  of  war,  be  lia- 
ble to  serve  for  and  during  such  a  period  as  shall,  with  the  time  he  m.-iy  have  served 
previous  to  his  desertion,  amount  to  the  full  term  of  his  enlistment,  and  such  soldier 
shall  and  mav"  if  trUd  by  a  court-martial  and  punished  although  the  term  of  his  enlist- 
ment may  have  elapsed  previous  to  his  being  apprehended  and  tried."  And  this  clause 
is  deliberately  repeated  in  the  act  of  January  11,  1S12  (2  Stat.,  sec.  Iti,  p.  67;]),  and 
again  in  the  act  of  January  29,  1813  (2  Stat.,  sec.  12,  p.  796),  and  still  remains  as  a 
law  for  the  government  of  the  Army  as  the  forty-eighth  Article  of  War  (sec.  1342, 
Rev.  Stat.,  Itf78),  thus  showing  the  intent  of  the  law-making  power  to  vest  tlie  mili- 
tary authorities  with  full  power  to  arrest,  try,  and  punish  a  deserter  wheucver  ho  may 
be  apprehended,  oven  though  his  term  of  enlistment  had  elapsed.  Further  than  this, 
these  acts  are  mandatory.  The  rules  and  articles  of  war  impose  certain  penalties  and 
punishments  for  the  crime  of  desertion  in  addition  to  which  the  soldier  is  now  called 
upon  to  make  good  to  the  government  the  time  lost  hy  his  absence,  so  that  the  full 
period  of  his  service  shall  be  equal  to  the  term  agreed  upon  in  his  contract  of  enlist- 
ment, and  in  order  that  the  ofl'ender  ni.ay  plea<l  in  bar  of  trial  the  expiration  of  his 
contract  it  is  made  the  duty  of  the  military  authority  to  bring  him  to  trial  and  if  con- 
victed to  ))uuish  him,  notwithsianding  "the  term  of  his  enlistment  may  have  elapsed 
l)rovious  to  his  having  been  apprehended  and  tried." 

It  is  a  fundamental  rule  that  statutes  of  limitations,  in  criminal  mat- 
ters, apply  to  all  cases  not  expressly  excepted. 

The  forty-eij^hth  Article  of  War,  relied  upon  as  takinu'  the  offence  of 
desertion  out  of  the  purviev.of  the  one  hundred  and  third  article,  reads 
as  follows : 

Every  soldier  who  deserts  the  service  of  the  United  States  shall  ho  liabh-  to  serve 
for  such  period  as  shall  with  the  time  he  may  have  served  previous  to  his  desertion 
amount  to  til*  fnll  terju  of  his  enlistment,  and  such  soldier  shall  bo  tried  by  court- 
martial  and  punished,  although  the  term  of  his  enlistment  may  have  elapsed  previous 
to  his  being  aj)prehended  and  tried. 

The  one  hundred  and  third  article  reads  as  follows  : 

No  person  shall  he  liable  to  bo  tried  and  ])nnished  by  .i  general  court-martial  for  any 
ofl'ence  which  appears  tt)  have  been  conuniited  more  than  two  years  before  the  issuing 
of  the  order  for  such  trial  unless  by  reason  of  having  absented  himself  or  of  some 
other  manifest  impediment  he  shall  not  have  heeu  amenable  to  justice  within  that 
period. 

This  article  is  a  re-enactment  of  the  eighty-eighth  Article  of  War  of 
the  code  of  180(3,  and  manifestly  there  is  no  exception  therein  as  to  the 
olfence  of  desertion. 

The  forty  eighth  Article  of  War  is  a  re-enactment  of  the  eighteenth 
section  of  the  act  of  March,  10, 1802  (2  Stilt.,  13G),  and  although  this 


«376  PAPliUS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 

act  of  1802  liad  boen  snccossivoly  rc-fnacted  in  tlio  acts  of  1812-'13 
(2  Stat.,  (573,  T*.)!)),  y«'t  np  to  tlu;  revision  of  the  statutes  in  1873,  the 
early  act  of  1802  was  sok'ly  relied  on  for  tlie  purpose.  (See  it  embodied 
in  the  various  editions  of  the  Army  Kej^ulaiions  up  to  1803.) 

The  statute,  it  will  be  seen,  w^as  in  force  when  the  eighty-eighth  Article 
of  Way  was  adopted,  atul  it  may  be  accepted  as  certain,  if  it  was  inten<led 
to  exce])t  desertion  from  the  universal  rule  established  by  that  article, 
it  would  have  been  so  provide<l.  So  far  as  both  articles  relate  to  the  of- 
fence of  desertion,  they  are  laws  in  pari  materia,  and  must  V>e  so  construed 
with  reference  to  each  other.  The  first  clause  of  the  forty-eighth  Article 
of  War  relates  solely  to  the  ])unisliment  that  may  be  inflicted  on  a 
deserter;  that  is,  making  good  lost  time,  and  is  not  inconsistent  with  the 
limitations  of  the  one  hunured  and  third  article.  Yet  the  requirement 
to  make  good  lost  time  cannot  in  strictness  be  considered  as  a  pimish- 
ment,  but  rather  a  j;er/brma?ice  of  that  which  the  soldier  solemnly  agreed 
to  perform  by  his  contract  of  enlistment.  The  second  clause  of  the 
forty-eighth  article — providing  that  the  soldier  may  be  tried  and  pun- 
ished tliougli  his  original  term  of  enlistment  may  have  expired — fixes 
the  point  of  time  from  which  the  limitation  of  the  one  hundred  and 
^  third  articleshall  begin  to  run,  namely,  from  the  expiration  of  his  original 
enlistment  (unless  the  soldier  shall  have  in  the  mean  time  been  amenable 
to  justice),  because  the  article  says  that  the  soldier  may  be  tried  and 
punished  for  the  desertion,  although  the  term  of  his  enlistment  may  have 
elapsed  i)revious  to  his  being  apprehended  and  tried.  Desertion,  then, 
is  a  continuing  ofi'ence  during  the  enlistment.  Beyond  its  expiration  it 
is  subject  to  the  limitation  fixed  by  the  one  hundred  and  third  article. 
The  opt)osing  views  upon  this  constraction  of  the  article  referred  to 
are  as  follows : 

It  is  not  reasonable  to  suppose  that  tlie  act  of  April  10,  1806,  Tras  intended 
to  render  llie  luandalory  act  of  Marcli  1(J,  1802,  inoperative  and  ineffectual,  nor 
is  it  credible  that  Congress  should  deliberately  interpolate  a  law  vrhich  should 
so  conflict  with  other  laws  as  to  render  a  comijliance  Avith  either  practically  im- 
possible. It  is  not  reasonable  to  suppose  that  Congress  created  the  one  hundred 
and  third  Article  of  War  as  a  convenient  plea  in  bar  of  trial  to  prosecutions  under  the 
forty-eighth,  nor  can  it  be  so  regarded  by  the  Executive  Department  in  the  administra- 
tion and  execution  of  the  law. 

That  is,  according  to  this  reasoning,  the  forty-eighth  and  one  hundred 
and  third  Articles  of  War  are  irreconcilable  and  cannot  stand  together. 

This  view,  it  is  claimed,  is  supported  by  the  following  reasoning  and 
authority; 

On  the  contrary,  according  to  Mr.  Justice  Blackstone  (Vol.  1,  p.  91),  "If  there 
arises  out  of  a  slatate  any  absurd  consequences  manifestly  contradictory  to  common 
reason,  they  are,  with  regard  to  these  collateral  consequences,  void":  and  in  the  case 
of  Ogden  rs.  Strong  (2  Paiue's  U.  S.  Rep.,  584),  it  is  announced  as  a  settled  principle 
of  law,  that  in  the  construction  of  a  statute  every  part  of  it  must  be  viewed  in  connec- 
tion with  the  whole,  so  as  to  make  all  parts  hf»rnionize  if  practicable,  and  give  a 
sensible  and  intelligible  effect  to  each  ;  nor  should  it  be  presumed  that  the  legislature 
meant  that  any  part  of  the  statute  should  be  witliojit  meaning  or  without  force  and 
effect. 

Plainly  this  rule  of  construction  does  not  support  the  reasoning  of  the 
other  side,  but  just  the  reverse. 

While  the  law  is  thus  plain  it  is  the  2iractice  and  procedure  under  it 
that  are  found  to  be  the  most  embarrassing.  I  think,  however,  the 
principles  underlying  the  one  hundred  and-third  article  m  the  matter  of 
pleading  iiiid2)ractice  arc  truly  stated  in  the  foilovrnig  reports  of  this  Bu- 
reau : 

BcsEAiT  OF  Military  Justice, 

Augmt  2,  1881. 

Prisouer  Charles  A.  Fisher,  late  r)th  Infantry,  was  brought  to  trial  in  April  last  at 
Fort  Keogh,  M.  T.,  for  desertion  eomniittcd  July  ^,  ISTt. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  377 

He  pleaded  in  bar  the  oue  hundred  and  third  Article  of  War,  averring  in  support 
thereof  the  following  facts:  "  I  have  been  absent  from  niycommand  two  years  and  five 
months ;  have  never  during  this  period  been  to  a  foreign  country;  have  never  left  the 
United  States  or  its  territories.  I  have  in  fact  never  left  this  department,  and  have 
on  many  occasions  been  among  various  delachmenrs,  troops,  and  comi)anit's  of  thi.s 
command,  I  being  employed  either  on  the  extension  of  the  Northern  Pacitic  Railroad 
or  in  carrying  or  guarding  the  United  States  mail  between  this  post  and  the  city  of 
liismarck,  Dak.,  and  have  tht^reforo  always  lieen  amenable  to  Justice  had  I.been  ar- 
rested. Should  it  be  necessary  to  substantiate  the  above  statements  in  regard  to  my 
^vhereabouts,  I  am  able  to  reler  to  several  commissioned  officers  and  a  large  number  of 
enlisteii  men  of  thi.s  command." 

Thus  the  prisoner  fairly  raised  the  issue  of  his  non-amenability  to  trial  under  the 
one  hundred  and  third  Article  of  War,  and  was  ready  and  willing  to  prove  it,  but  the 
court  would  not  permit  him  to  do  so,  and  immediately  overruled  his  pica,  whereupon 
the  prisoner  pleaded  "guilty,"  and  upon  conviction  wassentenced  to  dishonorable di.s- 
chargo,  forfeiture  of  all  pay  and  allowances,  and  to  confinement  for  two  yeare.  The 
proceedings  and  sentence  were  approved  and  coutirpied  by  the  department  commander 
and  were  duly  transmitted  to  this  office. 

The  bar  of  the  one  hundred  and  third  Article  of  War  is  like  any  other  defence  before 
a  court-martial.  If  the  prisoner  would  avail  himself  of  its  benefits,  he  must  plead  it 
and  prove  it,  or  he  may  prove  it  on  the  general  issue  of  "not  guilty,"  without  specially 
pleading  it,  and  if  the  court  believes  from  the  evidence  adduced  that  the  ofi'euce  was 
committed  more  than  two  years  before  the  issuing  of  the  order  for  the  trial,  and  that 
the  prisoner  was  anieuablo  to  justice  within  that  period,  that  is,  if  the  military  au- 
thorities by  reasonable  diligence  might  have  arrested  him  and  brought  him  to  trial 
■within  the  lapsed  period  if  they  would,  then  the  trial  should  be  held  to  be  barred' 
A>ithin  the  meaning  of  the  one  hundred  and  third  article;  if  otherwise,  the  plea  of 
the  prisoner  should  be  held  for  naught. 

The  obligation  of  proving  anj*  fact  lies  upon  the  party  who  substantially  assorts  it. 

Now,  if  the  limitation  of  the  one  hundred  and  third  Article  of  War  was  so  incorpo- 
rated with  the  oflence  of  desertion,  as  defined  by  the  forty-seventh  Article  of  War, 
that  the  ingredients  or  essential  allegations  of  the  oflence  could  not  be  accurately  and 
clearly  described  if  the  limitation  or  exception  is  omitted,  the  specification  must 
allege  enough  to  show  that  the  accused  is  not  within  the  exception,  in  which  case  the 
burden  of  ])roof,  showing  that  the  prisoner  was  not  amenable  to  justice  within  two 
years,  would  lie  on  tho  prosecution,  because  it  was  bound  to  allege  it.  But  as  the 
language  of  the  forty-seventh  Article  of  War  defining  desertion  is  so  entirely  separa- 
ble iiom  the  provisions  of  the  one  hundred  and  third  Article  of  War  that  the  ingre- 
dients or  essential  allegations  of  the  otlence  may  be  accurately  and  clearly  defined 
without  auy  reference  to  the  last-named  article,  tho  charges  founded  on  the  forty- 
seventh  article  may  omit  any  such  reference,  and  the  matter  contained  in  the  oue 
hundred  and  third  article  is  matter  of  defence  aud  to  be  shown  by  the  accused. 

The  same  may  be  said  of  every  other  Article  of  War  defining  crimes  and  punish- 
ments, where  the  bar  of  the  one  hundred  aud  third  article  is  to  be  considered.  That 
article  is  separate  and  distinct  from  each  and  all  of  the  articles  defining  offences  and 
]junishnient8. 

In  United  States  vs.  Cooke  (17  Wallace,  168),  it  is  held  in  a  prosecution  under 
section  16,  act  of  August  6,  184G,  providing  against  embezzlement  of  public  money, 
that  if  the  defendant  would  avail  himself  of  the  limitations  to  trial,  &.c.,  provided  by 
section  32,  act  of  April  30,  1790,  the  exceptiou  must  be  sVown  by  him. 

The  court  held  that  where  a  statute  defining  an  oflTence  contains  an  exception  in  the 
enacting  clause  of  the  statute,  which  is  so  incorporated  with  tbe  language  defining 
the  ottence  that  the  ingredients  of  the  ofience  cannot  be  accurately  and  clearly  described 
if  the  exception  is  omitted,  an  indictment  founded  upon  tho  statute  must  allege 
enough  to  show  that  tbe  accused  is  not  within  the  exception.  IJut  if  tho  language  of 
the  .section  defining  the  offence  is  so  entirely  separable  from  the  exception  that  the 
ingredients  constituting  tho  offence  may  be  accurately  and  clearly  defined  without 
any  reference  to  the  excejition,  the  indictment  m:iy  omit  any  such  reference.  The 
matter  contained  in  the  exception  is  matter  of  defence  and  to  be  shown  by  the  accused. 

No  exception  or  provi.so  of  any  kind  is  contained  in  [section  16]  the  act  of  Congress 
of  August  6,  1*54(3,  and  therefore  the  court  held  tlial  the  excejition  of  limitaf  iou  to 
trials  prescribed  by  the  thirty-second  section  of  tho  act  of  April  3U,  17UU,  was  matter 
of  defence  to  be  shown  by  the  accused  if  ho  would. 

The  sections  of  the  acts  of  I7'J0  and  1846  referred  to  are  embraced  in  $$  1044,  1045. 
.md  r)491  of  the  revision;  and  in  this  connection  the  operation  of  ^^  1044,  1045,  on 
prosecutions  under  ^  T^lDl,  i_s  deemed  to  be  analogous  to  prosecutions  uiuler  the  forty- 
seventh  Article  of  War,  as  limited  in  time  by  the  oue  hundred  and  thii'd  article,  and 
the  same  principle  of  inocediu'e  would  apjjly  as  near  a«  may  be  iu  both  cases. 


378  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

No  uniform  nilo  of  i)rocp<luro  before  courts-niartial  lias  beeu  observed  -wilh  respect 
to  tbo  limitHtioii  of  trialH  as  fixed  by  arliclo  lOU,  but,  tho  usual  courso  of  procedure 
and  practice  luiH  been  aH  stated  in  tliis  cano— tbe  prisoner  making  tlie  plea  accom- 
panied by  a  ramblin^j  arguiiieiit  on  tbo  law  and  tbe  facts,  to  bo  immediately  oveiTuled 
by  tbe  court,  as  in  tbis  instancfi — altlion;;b  some  conrts-martial,  tbinkinf;  tliat  such  a 
statomont  on  tbe  i)art  of  tbe  accused,  without  more,  made  it  suflJciently  to  appear  that 
the  oifenco  was  committed  more  than  two  years  before  the  issuin}^  of  tbe  order  for  the 
trial,  and  that  tho  trial  was  thus  barred,  have  beeu  known  tr)  sustain  the  plea,  and 
submit  tlio  record  to  the  conveniuf;  authority,  who  invariably  returned  it  to  the 
court,  with  orders  to  proceed  with  the  trial,  disregarding  the  plea  or  statement  of  the 
piisoner. 

The  doubt  now  experienced  by  courts-martial  in  cases  of  desertion,  where  the  speci- 
fication shows  upon  its  face  that  the  alleged  desertion  wa.s  committed  more  than  two 
years  before  the  issuing  of  the  order  for  trial,  is  whether  tho  exception  of  the  one  hun- 
dred and  third  article  should  be  shown  by  the  x»rosecution,  or  by  the  accused.  The 
general  understanding  is  believed  to  be  that  the  prosecution  is  refiuired  to  show  it, 
and  this  being  impracticable,  for  to  do  so  the  prisoners  whereabouts  during  Lis 
unauthorized  absence  must  be  shown,  and,  in  addition,  that  he  was  not  amenable  to 
justice  within  that  period,  so  the  prosecution  does  not  attempt  it,  and  the  inherent 
difficulty  of  such  showing  has  led  to  a  disregard  of  the  provisions  of  the  one  hundred 
and  third  article  in  cases  of  desertion. 

To  obviate  this  incongruity  of  procedure  and  practice  under  the  one  bnndred  and 
third  article  (or  it  might  be  said  a  total  want  of  either),  it  is  believed  that  the  rule 
established  by  the  Supreme  Court  in  the  analogous  case  referred  to  should  be  adopted, 
and  where  the  prisoner  shows,  by  competent  evidence,  that  he  was  amenable  to  justice 
•within  the  period  fixed,  it  should  be  held  binding  and  barring  the  trial. 

As  the  pri.soner,  on  his  showing,  was  manifestly  within  the  reach  of  the  military 
authorities,  and  therefore  amenable  to  justice  within  tbe  lapsed  two  years,  it  was 
the  duty  of  the  court  to  allow  the  prisoner  to  make  good  his  plea  by  the  introduction 
of  evidence,  and  the  failure  of  the  court  to  do  this  was  substantial  enor,  which,  in  my 
judgment,  invalidates  the  proceedings  and  sentence.    »    *    * 

War  Departmext, 
Bureau  of  Military  Justice, 

Washington,  March  21,  1882. 

Respectfully  returned  to  the  Secretary  of  "War. 

The  question  asked  in  the  papers  is,  whether  an  enlisted  man  who  deserted  in  Jan- 
uary, lti77— over  five  years  ago— and  is  still  at  large,  but  is  supposed  to  be  in  tho 
vicinity  of  his  post  at  Springfield,  Mass.,  may  now  be  arrested  and  brought  to  trial  for 
the  desertion.    I  answer,  yes. 

A  contrary  view,  however,  is  assumed  in  these  papers,  and  is  placed  on  the  ground 
that  the  liability  to  trial  and  punishment  imposed  by  the  second  clause  of  the  article 
[forty-eighth  Article  of  War]  is  subject  to  the  two  years'  limitation  for  prosecutions 
prescribed  by  Article  103;  and  therefore  it  would  be  useless  to  arrest  this  man,  pay 
$30  for  his  apprehension  and  have  him  discharged  by  habeas  corpus  »  *  *  before 
he  could  be  removed  from  the  State,  and  that  this  has  been  done  in  Massachusetts  at 
least  in  one  instance. 

It  has  been  held  by  this  Bureau  "that  in  case  of  desertion,  the  period  of  limitation 
began  to  run  from  the  day  on  which  the  deserter  absented  himself  without  authority." 
This  ruling  is  here  reaffirmed.  It  has  been  also  repeatedly  held  by  this  Bureau  that 
"the  bar  of  the  one  hundred  and  third  Article  of  War  is  like  any  other  defence  before 
a  court-martial.  If  the  prisoner  would  avail  himself  of  its  benefits  he  must  plead 
and  prove  it,  or  he  may  prove  it  on  the  general  issue  of  not  guilty  without  specially 
pleading  it;  and  if  the  court  believe,  from  the  evidence  adduced,  that  the  offence  was 
committed  more  than  two  years  before  the  issuing  of  the  order  for  the  trial,  and  that 
the  prisoner  was  amenable  to  justice  within  that  period,  that  is,  if  the  military  authori- 
ties, by  reasonable  diligence,  might  have  arrested  him  and  brought  him  to  trial  within 
the  lapsed  period,  if  they  would,  then  the  trial  should  be  held  to  be  barred  within 
the  meaning  of  the  one  hundred  and  third  Article;  if  otherwise,  the  plea  or  showing 
of  the  prisoner  should  be  held  for  naught."  (.See  tbe  opinions  of  this  Bureau  on  this 
subject  of  the  2d  of  August,  1881,  and  the  19th  of  January,  1S82.) 

The  bar  of  the  one  hundred  and  third  Article  of  War,  therefore,  being  a  matter  to 
be  established  on  the  trial,  will  not  be  inquired  into  on  habeas  corpus. 

The  ruling  of  Judge  Choate  in  the  matt^er  of  the  deserter  Davison  in  habcaf!  corpus 
in  the  district  court  of  the  United  States  for  tbe  southern  district  of  New  York,  being 
the  only  judicial  decision  on  the  subject,  is  in  perfect  harmony  with  what  is  here 
stated.  (Seethe  opinion  iu  this  case'printed  and  attached  to  the  Anriual  Report  of 
this  Bureau  for  18H0.)  In  that  ease  tho  prisoner  deserted  in  1872,  and  was  appre- 
hended in  1880— eight  years  afterwards.  The  court  laid  down  the  rule  that  tbe  period 
of  limitation  commenced  on  the  date  of  tho  prisoner's  absenting  himself  in  desertion, 
and  that  the  bar  of  the  one  hundred  and  third  Article  of  War  applied  to  the  offence 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  379 

of  (losortion  in  tlio  same  manntr  as  to  other  oiTciices  provided  liy  the  Article  of  War. 
Tlie  court  Inrtlicr  remarked:  '•I'poit  Ihe  undiKj  uled  f/tctx  of  the  ease  tliere  \v;i,s  ueilher 
aliseiice  iior  other  iiiii-ediuuiit  to  his  prosecutiou  williiu  tlie  iiieauii);:  of  the  statute. 
The  pn«oner  has  at  all  times  been  within  tlie  jurisdiction  and  amenablp  to  instice  ii 
the  chartcc  against  him  is  true.  Therefore  be  is  entitled  to  hia  discharj^e.  The  fact* 
are  sueli  that  if  hronght  to  trial  lie  cannot  possihly  be  fonnd  guilty  or  ))unishL'd  by  a 
court-martial  for  the  desertion.  If  on  the  facts  a  rjuestiou  ctuild  arise  whether  the 
prisoner  had,  as  a  matter  of  fact,  bi-en  absent  from  the  jurisdiction  or  by  reason  of 
other  imi)ediment  liad  not  been  amenable  to  justice,  then  it  might  perhaps  be  the 
proper  province  of  the  military  court,  and  not  of  this  court,  on  liubias  corpitx  to  deter- 
mine that  question.  But  the  fact  not  being  disputed  that  he  resided  in  the  city  ot 
New  York  continuously  ever  since  his  desertion,  the  court-martial  has  nothing  to  try, 
and  his  arrest  for  this  cause  is  illegal." 

There  is  no  (inestion  but  the  same  ruling  would  obtain  in  Massachusetts.  Of  course 
if  tliis  man  has  resided  in  the  vicinity  of  his  post  during  the  period  of  his  absence  iu 
desertion,  and  the  military  authorities  by  reasonable  diligence  might  have  arrested 
him  and  brought  him  to  trial  Avitliiu  the  limitation,  he  ought  not  to  be  now  arrested 
and  brought  to  trial.  But  this  is  a  matter  to  be  established  by  evidence  on  the  trial 
and  ougiit  not  to  be  jiresumed,  neither  can  it  be  presumed  that  the  courts  in  Massachu- 
setts will  transcend  or  violate  well-established  principles  of  law  and  .set  this  man  at 
liberty,  if  arrested,  unless,  as  iu  Davison's  case  above  cited,  the  case  of  the  govern- 
ment be  admitted  away  by  concession  for  the  purpose  of  establishing  the  single  propo- 
sition as  to  wheiher  or  not  the  bar  of  the  one  huudi'edaud  third  article  applies  to  the 
olfeuce  of  desertion. 

The  views  of  this  Bureau  respecting  the  burden  of  proof  in  showing  the  exceptions 
contained  in  the  one  hundred  and  third  Article  of  War  are  suslaiin-d  by  the  rulings 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  iu  Uuited  States  r«.  Cooke  (17  Wallace,  IGb), 
construing  the  statute  of  liiiiilations  iu  criminal  ])rosecutions  before  the  couits  of  the 
United  States;  that  statute  being  substantially  similar  iu  its  iixcentious  to  those  con- 
tained in  the  one  hundred  and  third  Article  of  War,  but  are  denied,  it  would  seem, 
by  Attorney-General  Wirt  in  a  brief  opinion  rendered  in  1820  (1  Opinions,  :iS'A),  iu 
which  he  said:  "I  do  not  think  it  is  comjielent,  to  any  individual  to  waive  [the  limit- 
ation] or  that  a  court-martial  can  proceed  to  examine  into  olVences  of  more  than  two 
years'  standing  previous  to  the  order  summoning  the  court,  unless  the  prosecutor  can 
show  that  the  party  accused,  by  rea.son  of  ab.sence  or  some  other  manifest  impediment, 
had  not  been  amenable  to  justice  within  the  time  limited  by  the  rule." 

Attorney-General  Cushing  (G  Opinions,  'S.iU)  seems  to  admit  the  correctness  of  this 
opinion,  in  a  case  before  him,  in  which,  however,  the  point  was  not  directly  raised; 
and  see  it  referred  to  in  i:?  Opinions,  4ti:{,  and  in  14  Opinions,  207,  2n8.  But  it  is  sub- 
mitted that  the  views  of  Attorney-General  Wirt  on  this  subject  violate  well-established 
principles  ot  pleading  and  practice,  and  virtually  nullify  the  exceptions  in  the  article, 
especially  in  cases  of  desertion.  Absence  is  the  only  impediment  iu  cases  of  desertion. 
If  the  prosecution  be  required  to  follow  up  and  show  where  the  deserter  has  been  during 
his  absence,  this  would  imply  that  it  was  within  the  power  of  the  prosecutor  to  have 
brought  him  to  trial  within  the  exact  i)eriod,  and  thus  the  exception  would  be  ignored. 
Not  one  deserter  iu  live  huiulred  is  found  to  go  beyond  the  limits  of  the  United  States, 
yet  it  is  believed  that  the  prosecutor,  in  very  few  of  the  numerou*;  c:iscs  of  desertion 
•where  more  than  two  years  have  elapsed  between  the  desertion  and  trial  thereof,  could 
trac<>  by  satisfactory  evidence  the  cx.act  whereabouts  of  the  deserter  during  absence; 
and  if  lie  undertook  to  do  so  the  expense  of  the  investigation  would  be  so  large  as  to 
virtually  defeat  th<',  ends  of  justice.  Ilow,  then,  should  the  matter  be  aacertaiiu'd  but 
by  the  showing  of  the  party  accused  1  He  must  be  the  best  informed  as  to  his  whero- 
al>outs  during  his  absence;  and  upon  that  showing — giving  the  prosecutor  the  right  to 
reply — the  court  should  detcrjuiue  whether  or  not  he  was  amenable  to  trial  during  the 
lapsed  period. 

On  the  other  hand,  the  party  pleading  or  setting  up  the  bar  of  the  one 
hundred  and  third  article  must  show  that  he  is  not  within  the  exception 
contained  in  tluit  article,  bccanse  it  i.s  so  associated  with  the  general  lan- 
guage iixiiig  the  limitation  tiiat  it  must  be  negatived  by  the  jth'ader  ac- 
cording to  the  rule  stated  in  United  States  vs.  Cooke,  cited  below,  to  the 
eflect  that — 

where  there  is  an  exception  so  inc.cu-poraled  with  the  enacting  clause  that  the  one 
cannot  be  read  without  the  «»tlier,  then  tho  excejition  must  he  negatived. 

The  whole  of  the  one  hundred  and  third  article,  it  will  be  seen,  must 
be  read  together  in  order  to  nn<lerstan<l  its  object  Mud  purpose. 

Vv'hat  action  the  Secretary  ol"  ^Var  may  have  taken  in  these  cases 
this  Bureau  is  not  advised  j  but  the  subject  is  agaiu  commended  to  his 


380  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 

conaideratioii,  in  llu;  hope  lli:it  some  riil<'  may  bo  e.stiil;li.slie<l  where  con- 
fusion and  injustice  now  obtain.  In  a  recent  case  where  tla:  parly  tried 
by  court-martial  api)be<l  to  this  Bureau  for  a  copy  of  the  proceedings  in 
Ills  case,  it  was  ascertained  that  the  lecord  liad  not  been  received,  but 
was  retained  and  liU.'d  in  tlie  oHice  of  the  Adjutant-General.  The  Adju- 
tant-General was  re<piested  to  transmit  the  record  to  this  Bureau  for 
Jile,  wliich  he  did,  with  tlj<!  following  remarks: 

These  proceed in<T8  were  forward otl  to  IIii.H  office  by  the  Commanding  General,  Divis- 
ion of  the  Pacific,  for  a  decision  of  the  War  Department  relative  to  liis  future  status, 
the  man  having  plead  th<^  on(^  Inindred  and  third  Article  of  War  in  bar  of  trial,  which 
plea  was  sustained  by  the  court;  '■'  ''*  *  the  Commanding  General,  Division  of  the 
Pacific,  was  furnished  a  copy  of  the  decision  of  the  S(;ci'etary  of  War,  of  .January  20, 
1877  (on  the  opinion  of  the  Attorney-General  of  September  1,  1H7(J),  to  the  eti'ect  that 
the  old  interpretation  of  the  lateeiglity-eightli,  now  one  hundred  and  third.  Article  of 
War,  under  which  a  deserter  niighl;  be  tried  by  coui-t-martial,  Avitliont  regard  to  the 
length  of  liis  absence,  notwithstandiug  the  limitation  clause  in  said  article,  Bhoald 
continue  to  be  in  force. 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  Secretary's  views  there  givoi  harmonize  with 
those  of  this  Bureau,  and  do  not  bear  out  the  theory  that  the  Secretary 
had  determined  that  the  limitation  of  tlie  one  hundred  and  third  article 
did  hot  appl^'  to  desertion.  The  court  certainly  has  jurisdiction  to  hear 
and  determine  the  case,  aUhough  more  than  two  years  may  appear  to 
have  elapsed  since  the  comndssion  of  the  offence. 

The  views  of  this  Bureau  as  to  the  procedure  and  practice  under  the 
one  hundred  and  third  article  are  sustained  by  the  very  best  legal  au- 
thority. See,  for  example,  Judge  Kedtield's  note  to  United  States 
vs.  Cooke,  in  12  American  Law  Begister,  N.  S.,  p.  691,  where  all  the  au- 
thorities on  the  subject  are  reviewed  and  commented  upon  and  the 
doctrine  of  that  case  sustained.  Mr.  Bishop,  one  of  the  ablest  of  our 
writers  on  criminal  jurisprudence,  in  his  first  volume  on  Criminal  Pro- 
cedure, section  (538,  saj'S : 

As  on  the  common  law,  so  on  a  statute,  the  indictment  need  not  negative  what  is 
mere  matter  of  defence.  For  examxde,  it  need,  not  deny  that  the  prcsecution  i.s  baiTed 
by  the  statute  of  limitations. 

This  citation,  howe^^er,  relates  to  a  statute  of  limitations  correspond- 
ing in  form  to  the  one  hundred  and  third  Article  of  War. 

In  the  views  I  entertain  of  the  one  hundred  and  third  Article,  of 
course  no  amendment  of  it  is  necessary,  the  same  being  ample  in  its 
I)resent  form  to 'insure  justice  and  discipline  in  the  Army. 

The  one  hundred  and  fourteenth  Article  of  War  provides  that — 

Every  party  tried  by  a  general  court-martial  shall,  on  demand  thereof,  madel)y  him- 
self, or  by  any  person  in  his  behalf,  lie  entitled  to  a  coi>y  of  the  proceedings  and  sen- 
tence of  such  court. 

What  constitutes  the  proceedings  and  sentence  of  the  court  to  which 
a  party  is  entitled  to  a  copy  ?  I  am  of  opinion  that  it  must  mean  all 
that  occurred  before  the  court,  set  down  in  the  record,  as  well  as  the 
action  of  the  officer  authorized  by  law  to  approve  and  confirm  the  pro- 
ceedings and  sentence,  together  with  the  reports  of  all  other  otficers 
required  by  law  to  revise  or  i)ass  upon  the  legality  of  the  proceedings. 

The  Judge-Advocate-General  is  directed  by  law  to  revise  the  pro- 
ceedings of  all  general  conrts-martial.  It  is  plain,  therefore,  that  the 
report  of  the  revision  of  the  Judge- Advocate-General  in  a  ease  is  as 
much  a  part  of  tlie  proceedings  as  is  the  action  of  the  court  or  the  offi- 
cer who  approved  and  confirmed  the  sentence  in  the  first  instance. 
Nevertheless,  the  reports  of  revisions  of  the  Judge-Advocate-General 
are  now  considered  confidential  in  tlieir  nature,  and  parlies  trietl  are 
not  permitted  to  receive  copies  of  the  same.    W^hile  this  is  so,  these 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  381 

reports  are  authorized  hj  the  Secretary  of  War  to  be  printed  and  pub- 
lished for  distribution  in  the  form  of  a  digest.  When  it  is  eonsidered 
that  in  most,  if  not  all,  trials  by  general  courts-martial  a  number  of  is- 
sues are  presented,  and  tliat  rarely  the  ease  is  summed  up  on  the  law 
and  the  evidence  until  it  readies  the  Judge- Advocate-Gejieral,  it  seems 
like  a  denial  of  a  substantial  right  to  refuse  to  parties  tried  copies  of 
such  rei)orts. 

The  officers  of  the  corps  of  Judge-Advocates  are  stationed  as  fol- 
lows : 

Maj.  Guido  N.  Lieber,  on  duty  in  this  Bureau. 

Maj.  William  Wintlirop,  Military  Division  of  tuo  Pacific  and  De- 
partment of  California,  Presidio  of  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Maj.  H.  B.  Buruham,  Headquarters  Department  of  thePlatte,  Omaha, 
Nebr. 

Maj.  Thomas  F.  Barr,  in  the  Office  of  the  Secretary  of  War. 

Maj.  Herbert  P.  Curtis,  professor  of  law.  Military  Academy,  West 
Point,  N.  Y. 

jMaj.  Henry  Goodfellow,  Headquarters  Department  of  the  Missouri, 
Fort  Leavenworth,  Kans. 

Maj.  A.  B.  Gardner,  Headquarters  ^Military  Division  of  the  Atlantic 
and  Department  of  the  East,  Governor's  Ishind,  New  York  Harbor. 

Extracts  from  the  re[)orts  of  Ju<lgeAdvocates  of  Departn)ents  and 
of  officers  acting  and  performing  the  duties  of  those  officers,  embodying 
recommendations  on  various  matters  on  the  subject  of  the  administra- 
tion of  mihtary  justice,  are  hereto  appended,  and,  with  this  report,  arc 
respectfully  submitted. 

D.  G.  SWAIM, 
Judge  Ad voca tc-  General. 

The  Hon.  Secretary  of  War. 


KEPOiiT  OF'THi:  quap.termaster-ge:st:ral. 

War   DEPART3IENT, 

Quarter 31  ASTER  General's  Office, 

WiCihinrjton,  October  \),  18S2. 
Sir  :  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  the  annual  rejiort  of  operations  of  the 
Quartermasters  Department  during  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 

18«2. 

Tlio  balance  in  tlin  Troasury  to  credit  of  tli«  Qnartermastor's  Dopart- 
mt-ut  at  end  of  .June  :50,  18Hl,wiis,  as  by  last  report Sl.TO.'i.SliG  04 

Restored  to  the  appropriations  July  10,  1881,  of  recjuisitiou  dated  June 
:ir>,  1881 5,443  97 

A])|)ropriations  lor  tlie  lisral  year  for  service  of  the  Quartermaster's 

Dtliartnient  were,  in  j-ross 10,809,000  00  ' 

Api)n)i>riati<>n  for  payment  of  50  i)er  ceutuni  to  laud-f;;rant  railroads, 

I'or  trans))(irt;ttion.' 12"),  000  00 

Ap|>roprial  ions  forservieoof  tlio  Quarleriiiaster's  Department  (act  ap- 
proved March  :!,  1881) 3G4, 925  84 

Aiuoiints  deposited  to  crt.'dlt  of  appropriations  and  received  from  sales 

to  olilieers  of  public  property 559,  016  02 

Total i:{,G28,(i81  67 

Rcmittancf^s  to  disl>iirsiii<i  otlicers  liave  aniountid  lo..   §11,545,500  95 
Recinisitions  to  pay  settb-inents  made  liy  Treasury  to 

pay  claims  ami  accounts 473, 02fi  77 

Carried  to  surplus  fund,  act  of  Juno  20,  1874 427,914  50 

12,  441),  442  22 

Balance  in  Treasury  undrawn  at  end  of  June  30,  1882 1,182,239  65 


382  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

A  table  accompanieR  this  report,  pfivinj?  the  amount  of  the  various 
items  of  approjjriatioiiK,  remittances,  &c.,  in  detail. 

The  Quartermaster's  Department  is  charged  with  the  duty  of  pro- 
viding the  means  of  tra^nsiiortation  by  land  and  water  for  all  troops 
and  all  material  of  war.  It  furnishes  the  horses  of  the  artillery  and 
cavalry,  and  horses  and  mules  for  the  trains.  It  provides  and  distrib- 
utes clothing,  tents,  camp  and  garrison  equipage,  forage,  lundx'i',  and 
all  material  ibr  camps  and  for  shelter  of  troops  and  of  stores.  It  builds 
barracks,  hospitals,  store-houses ;  i)rovides  wagons,  and  aml)ulances, 
and  liarnoss,  except  for  cavalry  and  artillery  horses ;  builds  or  char- 
ters ships,  steamers,  and  boats,  docks  and  wharves ;  constructs  and 
repairs  roads,  railways,  and  bridges  ;  clears  out  obstructions  in  rivers 
and  harbors  when  necessary  for  military  purposes ;  provides,  by  hire 
or  purchase,  grounds  for  military  encampments  and  buildings;  pays 
generally  all  expeuses  of  military  operations  not  by  law  expressly  as- 
signed to  some  other  department ;  and,  finally,  it  jirovides  and  main- 
tains military  cemeteries  in  Avhich  the  dead  of  the  Army  are  buried. 

Food,  arms,  ammunition,  medical  and  hospital  stores  are  purchased 
and  issued  by  other  departments,  but  the  Quartermaster's  Department 
tran8i)orts  them  to  the  place  of  issue  and  provides  store-houses  for  their 
preservation  until  consumed.  The  corps  of  officers  upon  whom  all  these 
duties  fall  has  been  reduced  by  time  until  it  is  not  able  to  fill  well  every 
post  at  which  an  officer  of  activity  and  ability  is  needed.  Its  ranks 
should  be  now  opened  to  promotion  and  appointment. 

Many  officers  of  the  line,  finding  themselves  charged  with  heavy  re- 
sponsibilities as  acting  assistant  quartermasters,  and  having  insuffi- 
cient assistance  at  frontier  posts,  ask  that  the  enlistment  of  post  quar- 
termaster sergeants  may  be  allowed  by  law. 

Such  non-commissioned  officers,  selected  for  experience  and  fidelity 
shown  in  actual  service,  would  be  very  useful.  They  would  remain  at 
posts  in  charge  of  the  property  when  the  garrison  changed,  and  thus 
would  preserve  knowledge  and  responsibility  now^  often  lost  through 
frequent  change  of  officers.  Such  officers  also  ask  that  some  compen- 
sation may  be  granted  them  for  the  risk  which  they  incur  in  the  dis- 
bursement of  public  money,  and  for  the  responsibility  involved  in  the 
care  of  large  amounts  of  public  property. 

I  have  tire  honor  to  renew  the  recommendation  heretofore  made  that 
an  allowance  of  $10  per  month  be  made  in  addition  to  the  pay  of  every 
line  officer  who  is  detailed  by  proper  authority  as  acting  assistant  quar- 
termaster of  a  military  post,  when  such  detail  is  properly  reported  to 
and  approved  by  the  War  JDepartment.  Such  an  allowance  is  only 
just,  and  it  would  relieve  the  service  from  the  feeUng  that  heavy  duties 
are  imposed  by  such  detail  without  any  recognition  or  compensation. 
Such  duties  are  important,  and  they  should  be  sought  by  good  officers, 
'  not  imposed  upon  the  slothful  or  unwilling. 

CHANGES  AND  DUTIES  OP  OFFICERS. 

By  direction  of  the  President,  Brig.  Gen.  Montgomery  C.  Meigs, 
Quartermaster-General  of  the  Army,  w^as,  on  February  6,  1882,  retired 
from  acrive  service  in  the  Army. 

Col.  Daniel  H.  Eucker,  assistant  quartermaster-general,  was  in 
charge  of  the  general  depot  of  the  Quartermaster's  Department  at  Phila- 
delphia, Pa.,  to  February  19,  1882.  On  February  20, 1882,  he  assumed 
the  duties  of  Quartermaster-General,  with  rank  of  brigadier-general, 
and  on  February  23,  1882,  was  retired  from  active  service. 

Col.  Eufus  Jngalls,  assistant  quartermaster-general,  had  charge  of 


REPORT    OF   THE    SECRETARY    OF    WAR.  383 

the  general  depot  of  the  Quartermasters  Department  at  New  York  City 
to  March  10,  1882,  and  on  March  16,  1882,  assumed  the  duties  of  Quar- 
termaster-General of  the  Army,  with  rank  of  brigadier-general. 

Col.  a.B.  liohibird,  assistant  quartermaster-general,  was  on  duty  in 
this  office,  in  charge  of  the  linance,  clotliing  sui)i)ly,  and  inspection 
branches,  and  of  the  examimition  of  olhcerH'  accounts  and  returns  to 
Ai)ril  30,  18S2,  and  since  that  date  in  charge  of  the  general  tlepot  of  the 
Quartermasters  Depaitment  at  riiihulclj)hia,  Pa. 

Col.  Charles  H.  Tonii>kins,  assistant  quarteiniaster-general,  ciiief 
quartermaster  Military  lJi\  isiou  of  the  ^lissouri,  and  in  charge  of  depot 
at  Chicago,  III. 

Col.  James  A.  Ekiii,  assistant  quartermaster-general,  in  charge  of  the 
general  depot  of  the  Quartermaster's  Department  at  Jellersonville, 
Ind.,  and  disbursing  officer  of  the  Quartermaster's  Dei)artmcnt  at  Louis- 
ville, Ky.,  also  in  charge  of  the  National  Cemeteries  in  Kentucky  and 
Tennessee,  and  the  investigation  of  claims  presented  under  the  act  of 
July  4,  18(U. 

Col.  Kufus  Saxton,  assistant  quartermaster-general,  chief  quarter, 
master  oNIilitary  Division  of  the  Pacitlc,  and  Department  of  Califoriiia- 
Prcsidio  of  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Lieut.  Col.  J.  D.  Dingham,  deputy  quartermaster-general,  chief  quar- 
termaster Dcpartmeiit  of  the  Missouri,  Fort  Leavenworth,  Kans. 

Lieut.  Col.  A.  J.  I'eny,  deputy  quarteriuaster-general,  chief  quarter- 
master jVIilitary  Division  of  tlie  Atlantic  and  Department  of  the  East, 
Governor's  Island,  New  York  Harbor,  to  May  1,  1882.  From  May  10, 
1882,  on  duty  in  rhisofiicein  charge  of  the  finance,  clothing  snp])ly.  and 
insi>ection  branches,  and  of  the  examination  of  ofiicers' accounts  and  re- 
turns. 

Lieut.  Col.  n.  C.  llodges,  deputy  quartcrmaster-generai,  chief  quar- 
termaster Department  of  Arizona,  Whijjple  Barracks,  Ari/.,  to  ]\Iarch 
29,  1882.  From  April  10,  1882,  in  charge  of  the  general  de])ot  of  the 
Quartermaster's  Department  at  New  York  City. 

Lieut.  Col.  J.  G.  Chandler,  deputy  quartermaster-general,  on  dutj*  in 
this  office  in  charge  of  the  transi)ortation,  regular  sup[diee,  and  mis- 
cellaneous claims  branches. 

Lieut.  Col.  "William  JMyers,  deputy  quartermaster-general,  chief  qufu- 
termaster  Department  of  Dakota,  Fort  Snelling,  ]\Iinn. 

Lieut.  Col.  C.  G.  yawtelle,  deputy  quarteru)aster-general,  chief  quar- 
termaster Department  of  the  South,  to  April  20,  1882.  From  3Iiiy  1, 
1882,  chief  quartermaster  ]\Iilitary  Division  of  the  Atlantic,  and  Depart- 
ment of  the  East,  Governors  Island,  New  York  Harbor. 

Lieut.  Col.  J.  J.  Dana,  dei)uty  quarternuister-general,  in  charge  of  in- 
vestigation of  claims  in  Tennessee,  at  Nashville,  Tenn,,  to  April  1,  18^s2. 
From  April  20,  18S2,  chief  (juartermaster  Departnu'ut  of  the  South, 
Newport  Barracks,  Ky. 

Lieut.  Col.  R.  N.  Batchelder,  deputy  quartermaster-general,  in  charge 
of  the  general  <leiiot  of  the  Quartermaster's  D«^j)artment  at  San  Fran- 
cisco, Cal.,  to  April  1,  1882.  From  April  20,  1.S82,  to  May  31,  1882,  on 
duty  in  this  office,  and  thenceforward  in  charge  of  the  general  depot  of 
the  Quartermaster's  Departnu'ut,  and  of  the  office  of  National  Ceme- 
tciries  at  \V;ishington,  D.  C. 

i\I;ij.  M.  1.  Ludington,  quartermaster,  chief  quartermasier  Depart- 
ment of  the  JMatte,  OiiuUia,  Nebr. 

MaJ.  J.  j\l.  Moore,  quartermast<'r,  on  duty  in  this  office,  in  charge  of 
barracks  and  quarters  and  claims  branches  to  May  31,  1882,  and  from 


384  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

Jane  1,  1882,  in  charge  of  barracks  and  quarters  and  miscellaneous 
files  and  record  branches. 

Maj.  B.  C.  Card,  quartermaster,  in  charge  of  the  general  depot  of  the 
Quartermasters  I)e{>artraeiit,  and  of  the  office  of  National  Cemeteries 
at  Washington,  U.  C,  to  May  31,  1882,  and  from  that  date  in  charge  of 
the  claims  brau(;h  in  this  office. 

Maj.  C.  A.  Eeynolds,  quartermaster,  disbursing  quartermaster  at 
Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  to  February  2,  1882,  and  since  on  leave  of  absence  and 
awaiting  orders. 

Maj.  G.  B.  Dandy,  quartermaster,  chief  quartermaster  Department 
of  the  Columbia,  Vancouver  Barracks,  Wasli.,  to  May  1,  1882.  From 
May  25,  1882,  in  charge  of  the  quartermaster's  depot.  Saint  Louis,  Mo. 

Maj.  George  11.  Weeks,  quartermaster,  in  charge  of  quartermaster's 
depot.  Fort  Leavenworth,  Kaus.,  to  April  11,  1882.  From  INIay  5, 
1882,  in  charge  of  the  general  depot  of  the  Quartermaster's  Depart- 
ment at  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Mi\j.  W.  B.  Hughes,  quartermaster,  chief  quartermaster  Department 
of  Texas,  San  Antonio,  Tex.,  to  May  11,  1882.  From  May  22,  1882,  in 
charge  of  transportation  at  the  Philadelphia  depot,  Pa. 

Maj.  A.  G.  Robinson,  quartermaster,  disbursing  quartermaster  Dis- 
trict of  Montana,  Helena,  Mont. 

Maj.  E.  D.  Baker,  quartermaster,  in  charge  of  quartermaster's  depot 
Saint  Louis,  Mo.,  to  xlpril  15, 1882.  From  May  1,  1882,  chief  quarter- 
master Dei)artment  of  the  Columbia,  Vancouver  Barracks,  Wash. 

Maj.  J.  (t.  C.  Lee,  quartermaster,  chief  (juartermaster  District  of 
New  Mexico,  Santa  Fe.  N.  Mex.,  to  Decend>er  3,  1881.  From  Decem- 
ber 23,  1881,  to  January  22,  1882,  temporarily  in  charge  of  quartermas- 
ter's depot  at  Saint  Louis,  Mo.  From  February  2  to  April  20, 1882, dis- 
bursing quartermaster  at  Buffalo,  N.  Y.  From  May  11,  1882,  chief 
quartermaster  Department  of  Texas,  San  Antonio,  Tex. 

Maj.  James  Gilliss,  quartermaster,  quartermaster  of  the  Aiiillery 
School,  and  post  quartermaster  Fort  Monroe,  Va. 

Maj.  T.  J.  Eckerson,  quartermaster,  in  charge  of  quartermaster's  de- 
pot at  Boston,  Mass. 

Maj.  A.  J.  McGonnigle,  quartermaster,  in  charge  of  quartermaster's 
depot,  New  Orleans,  La.,  to  Aj^ril  17,  1882.  From  ]\Iay  13,  1882,  chief 
quartermaster  Department  of  Arizona,  Whipple  Barracks,  Ariz. 

Maj.  E.  B.  Grimes,  quartermaster,  from  April  10,  1882,  in  charge  of 
quartermaster's  depot,  Fort  Leavenworth,  Kans. 

rNSPECTio:N'  BI^A^'CH. 

This  branch  of  the  office  reports  the  stations  and  duties  of  officers  of 
the  Quartermaster's  Department,  and  those  officers  of  the  line  and  oth- 
cers  of  other  branches  of  the  staff"  on  duty  in  the  Quartermasters  De- 
partment as  acting  assistant  quartermasters. 

A  complete  list  of  all  officers  who  have  served  in  the  Quartermaster's 
Dei)artmeut  during  the  year  accompnuiesthe  report  herewith  of  Lieut. 
Col.  A.  J.  Perry,  who  is  in  charge  of  this  branch. 

There  have  been  received  during  the  year  146,795  general  orders, 
circulars,  and  other  printed  documents,  and  109,407  Avere  sent  from  this 
office. 

The  sum  of  $9,639.39  has  been  expended  during  the  year  for  subscrip- 
tions to  newspapers  and  periodicals  for  libraries  at  military  posts. 

CLOTHING,   CAMP,   AND   GAKEISON  EQUIPAGE. 

The  appropriation  for  supply  of  clothing,  camp,  and  garrison  equi- 
page, to  the  Army  for  the  liscal  year  was  $1,100,000,  and  the  deposits  in 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.         o8o 

tlie  Treasury  to  credit  of  the  ai)proprJatioii  tVom  sales  to  officers  and 
for  clothinfc  overdrawn  by  enlisted  men  amounted  to  899,108.28. 

On30tli  June,  1882,  tliere  remained  in  Treasury  unexpended  813,331.59. 

The  appropriation  ior  the  current  fis<;al  year  is  $1,400,000,  all  of 
which  will  be  consumed  in  payment  of  existing' contracts  and  those  yet 
to  be  made.  It  is  estimated  that  the  demands  uj)on  the  dci)artment  dur- 
ing the  year  will  exceed  the  amount  available  for  the  purchase  and 
manufacture  of  clothing,  and  camp  and  garrison  equii)age. 

Strict  economy  will  be  observed  in  its  issuCf  and  all  surplus  su])plies 
found  at  military  posts  will  be  ac(;umulatedat  thedej)Ots  of  supj)ly,and  it 
is  hoped  thus  to  secure  a  sufficient  working  stock  to  fill  all  requisitions 
promptly. 

Three  thousand  five  hundred  butialo  overcoats,  3,520  fur  caps,  6,000 
pairs  of  fur  gauntlets,  and  1,000  pairs  of  arctic  overshoes,  have  been  pur- 
chased during  the  .vear  for  issue  to  troops  at  extreme  northern  ])OSts. 

^Measures  have  been  taken  to  secure  a  model  for  barrack  chairs  with 
a  view  to  amending  the  specifications  for  chairs  now  manufactured  and 
issued  to  the  Army.  The  object  is.  to  secure  a  lighter  chair  and  an 
ijn})rovement  in  the  design. 

As  a  protection  against  mosquitoes,  2,000  head-nets  were  purchased 
and  sui»pli(;d  to  the  enlisted  men  serving  in  the  Department  of  Dakota. 

The  lierlin  gloves  issued  to  trooi)s  are  now  purchased  by  rights  and 
lefts,  and  are  issued  in  sets  of  three  gloves,  two  rights  and  one  left 
hand,  or  by  number  of  either  kind,  it  being  ascertained  by  experience 
that  in  use  the  right  hand  glove  is  worn  out  when  the  left  hand  glove 
remains  good. 

Information  having  reached  this  office  that  the  white  cork  helmets 
supi)lied  to  the  troo])s  oftered  a  conspicuous  umrk  to  the  enemy  in 
Indian  warfare,  measures  have  been  taken  to  procure  1,000  helmets 
covered  witli  unbleached  brown  linen,  which  will  be  supplied  to  the 
troops  next  spring. 

One  thousand  campaign  or  fatigue  hats  of  a  drab  color,  have  been 
l)urchased  and  will  be  supplied  next  spring  to  the  troops  serving  in  the 
liot  climate  of  Arizona,  Is'ew  Me'xico,  and  Texas,  in  place  of  the  black 
hats  now  worn. 

The  enlisted  men  of  the  Army  objected  to  the  dark  blue  overshirt, 
adopted  February  3,  1881,  and  the  stock  of  those  shirts  on  hand  num- 
bering 29,314  are  being  changed  into  blouses.  Overshirts  of  a  difierent 
pattern,  are  now  being  manufactured  and  issued  to  the  Army,  which 
meets  with  geiuual  favor. 

Specifications  were  adopted  or  amended  during  the  year  for  cotton 
stockings,  card-holders  for  army  bunks,  metallic  coat,*  helmet,  and  cap 
ornaments,  overshirts,  and  helmets,  and  a  new  standard  was  adopted 
for  dark  l)lue  shirting  flannel. 

Under  the  act  of  March  3,  1881,  the  following-mentioned  articles  of 
old  i)attern  clothing  have  been  turned  over  to  the  National  Home  for 
Disal)led  Volunteers :  27  uniform  hats ;  104  cami>aign  hats;  1,470  forage 
cai)s;  30,082  greatcoats;  2,008uniform  jackets  ;  1,182  sack  coats,  lined  ; 
1,252  sack  coats,  unlined;  1,244  blouses,  lined;  1,744  blouses,  unlined  ; 
35,648  trousers;  706  pairs  boots;  3,565  pairs  shoes;  22  pairs  bullalo 
overshoes  ;  314  drawers  ;  5,84()  uniform  coats. 

Clothing  and  equipage  to  the  value  of  8l,l»95.18  have  l>een  furnished, 
under  instructions  ot  the  Secretary  of  War,  to  Indian  prisoners  of  nar. 

During  the  year  loans  of  camp  and  ganison    jquipage,  principally 
tents  i.nd  llags.havebeenma(le,underautliority  olactsof  Congress,  and 
by  order  of  the  Secretary  of  War  to  various  organizations.     The  expense 
25  Ab 


386  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 

to  the  (lepartmont  on  account  of  these  loans  for  transportation,  &c.,  has 
boon  $3,079.08,  and  on  account  of  loss  and  damage  to  the  articles  loaned 
$1,074.02;  total,  $4,75:3.10. 

A  large  nuinbor  of  the  liospital  tents  in  store  have  been  in  constant 
use  since  INIay  last  by  various  encampments  under  authority  of  acts  of 
Congress.  The  value  of  those  tents  is  about  $30,000,  and  the  wear  and 
tear  by  sliipinont  and  reshipment  and  use  is  very  great. 

Three  hundred  and  fifteen  of  these  tents  were  issued  to  the  sufferers 
from  the  overflow  of  the  ^lississippi  Kiver.  One  hundred  and  sixteen 
have  been  returned  to  the  department,  56  of  which  are  danmged  and 
wortliless. 

To  the  Lady  Franklin  Bay  Expedition  clothing  has  been  issued  to  the 
value  of  $775.41. 

The  following  is  a  statement  of  the  account  between  the  Quarter- 
master's Department  and  the  military  prison  at  Fort  Leavenworth, 
Kansas :  « 

The  balance  due  to  the  department  from  the  military  prison  was  as  per 
last  report .f967  39 

Deduct  errors  made  in  the  statemeut  of  prices  charged  for  articles  fur- 
nished to  the  prison  in  preceding  fiscal  year 79  78 

Leaving  the  correct  balance  due  to  the  Quartermaster's  Department  on 
.June  30, 1881 887  61 

There  was  issued  to  the  prison  by  this  department  during  the  fiscal  year 

clothing  and  equipage  to  the  value  of. 16, 241  37 

And  quartermaster's  stores  to  the  value  of. 1,932  12 

Total $19,061  10 

During  the  year  there  was  returned  to  the  Quarter  master's  Department 

by  the  military  prison  clothing  and  equipage  to  the  value  of $3,  469  84 

The  value  of  labor  performed  for  the  department  at  the  prison  during  the 
fiscal  year  was 24, 3r)6  10 

Total §32,825  94 

The  amount  due  to  the  military  prison  from  the  Quartermaster's  De- 
partment on  30th  June,  1882,  was  $1^,704.84. 

There  were  manufactured  at  the  military  prison  for  the  Quartermas- 
ter's Department  during  the  fiscal  year  33,113  pairs  of  boots,  costing 
$3.02i  per  pair;  18,996  pairs  of  shoes,  costing  $1,945  P^i"  P^iii';  2,236 
barrack  chairs,  costing  $1.29 each;  and  3,000  corn  brooms,  costing  23|  c. 
each. 

All  the  materials  for  the  manufacture  of  articles  for  the  Quartermas- 
ter's Department  have  been  purchased  by  the  governor  of  the  luilitary 
prison,  by  contract,  at  a  cost  to  the  appropriation  of  the  department  of 
$132,135.'54. 

During  the  year  complaints  have  reached  this  office  of  the  quality  of 
the  boots  and  shoes  manufactured  at  the  military  prison.  Upon  inves- 
tigation it  is  found  that  these  complaints  have  reference  more  generally 
to  the  style  and  adaptability  of  the  boots  and  shoes  for  use  of  the  Armj', 
and  changes  in  the  patterns  are  now  under  consideration  to  secure  a 
good  and  comfortable  marching  shoe. 

The  reports  received  thus  far  of  the  merits  of  the  sewed  boots  and 
shoes  of  the  pattern  recommended  by  the  Army  Equipment  Board  of 
1880,  are  not  favorable  to  their  adoption  for  general  use  in  the  Army. 

liej)orts  on  improvement  for  heating  tents  by  lueans  of  a  stove  and 
converting  one  of  the  tent  poles  into  a  stove  pipe,  designed  and  patented 
by  Lieut.  Charles  M.  Hobbs,  Third  Artillery,  tested  at  two  military 
posts,  have  been  received,  but  the  apx^aratus  appears  to  be  too  frail  to 
be  of  service  in  the  field. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR. 


387 


At  the  request  of  tlie  French  minister  a  complete  set  of  uniform 
clothing  of  the  United  States  Army  has  been  furnished  to  Lieut.  Col. 
Favorot  de  Kerbreck,  of  the  French  army,  for  the  Government  of 
France. 

At  tiie  request  of  the  Manjuis  de  Rochambeau,  one  of  the  guests  of 
the  United  States  at  the  Yoiktown  Centennial  Celebration,  a  complete 
set  of  national  and  regimental  colors,  guidons,  and  standards,  have 
been  furnished  to  him 

The  Quartermaster's  Department  is  under  obligations  to  Lieut.  Theo- 
dore B.  M.  Mason,  U.  S.  Xavy,  for  the  presentation  of  certain  articles 
of  Chilian  infantry  equipment,  Avhich  have  been  placed  in  the  clothing 
museum  at  the  Phihwlelpliia  depot,  for  preservation. 

Orders  have  been  given  for  the  sale  at  public  auction  of  all  dress  caps 
and  trimmings  on  hand,  rendered  obsolete  by  adoption  of  the  new 
helmets,  and  also  of  50,000  rn1)l)er  blankets  and  30,000  rubber  ponchos. 

A  large  stock  of  rubber  blaidiets  and  i^onchos  still  remain  in  store, 
which  will  be  reduced  by  sales  from  time  to  time  as  the  interests  of  the 
service  require. 

A  quantity  of  canij)  kettles  and  mess  i^ans  were  sold  to  the  State  of 
Pennsylvania  at  regulation  prices,  upon  request  of  the  governor  of  that 
State." 

For  a  more  detailed  report  of  the  operations  of  this  department,  in 
connection  witli  the  supply  of  clothing  aiul  camj)  and  garrison  equi- 
page during  the  past  fiscal  year,  1  respectfully  refer  to  the  report  here- 
with of  Lieut.  Col.  A.  J.  Perry,  deputy  quartermaster-general,  U.  S.  A., 
in  charge  of  clothing  supply  branch  of  this  office,  and  the  tabulated 
statements  accompanying  it. 

EBGULAR  AND  MISCELLANEOUS  SUPPLIES. 

AXIMALS. 

One  thousand  three  hundred  and  sixty  cavalry  and  artillery  horses 
were  purchased  during  the  year,  costing  $181,531.24;  averaging  $133.48 
per  head.  Of  these  there  were  purchased  in  Department  of  the  East, 
7  ;  Dei)artment  of  the  South,  IG ;  Department  of  Dakota,  210 ;  Depart- 
ment of  the  Missouri,  351;  Department  of  the  Platte,  15G;  Department 
of  Texas,  107;  Dejiartment  of  California,  318;  Department  of  the  Co- 
lumbia, 51);  Xew  York  depot,  27;  Saint  Louis  depot,  10, 

There  were  ])urchased  for  the  Army  trains  041  mules  and  49  draught 
horses.  The  mules  cost  888,940.08,  an  average  per  head  of  $138.76,  and 
the  horses  $9,5(»9.0(),  an  average  of  $195.29  per  head. 

There  were  sold  during  the  year  1,913  horses  and  884  mules.  The 
h(U"ses  brought  888,1*74.05  and  the  mules  $30,343.97  :  total,  $124,518.02. 
This  money  is  deiK)site(l  in  the  Treasury  to  credit  of  miscellaneous  re- 
ceii)ts,  except  the  small  sum  realized  from  sales  of  horses  to  olhcers. 

The.  following  is  a  summary  of  the  number  of  animals  purchased,  sold, 
died,  «S:e.,  during  the  year  and  the  number  on  hand  June  30,  1882: 


.H- 

a 

o 

"3 

•a 

1) 

S 

•w 

• 
p 

3 

IT. 

a 

.a 

a, 

a 

a 

a 

'3 
B 

l-S 

a 

eg 

—' 

^ 

^ 

a 

-o 

t 

a 

.a 

a 

* 

o 

e 

o 

a 

O 

Ph 

H 

11.008 

UQ 
1,043 

Q 

^ 

H 

O 

Ilinsi-8 : 

10,2.10 

1,409 

43 

518 

125 

2,  .'■.86 

0.112 

Mll'.CM   

10, 5:t" 

041 



53 

11, -J.) I 

884 

434 

104 

1.4.*2 

0,  son 

Oxfii 

388  J'APRRS    ACCOMPANYING!    THE 

rVVA.,    I'OltAGK,    AND    sTUAW. 

The  issues  of  I'lu;!  (liiriu;?  tho  year  have  been  110,.'j81  cords  of  wood 
and  ;i9,l»0ii  tons  of  coa]. 

The  issues  of  i'ora<>e  have  l)ecn  585,578  bushels  of  corn,  835,513 
bushels  of  oats,  123,085  bnsliels  of  barley,  90,584  bushels  of  bran, 
52,81 1  tons  of  hay,  21  tons  of  fodder,  and  2,934  tons  of  stravr. 

My  attention  beins^  called  to  the  provisions  of  bill  104,  presented  to 
the  Senate  at  its  last  session,  in  relation  to  supply  of  fuel  to  officers  of 
the  Army,  I  addressed  a  letter  on  the  subject  to  Uon.  J.  D.  Cameron, 
U.  S.  Senator,  dated  March  20,  1882,  of  which  the  following  is  a  copy: 

Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  the  following  statement  showing  the  hardship 
growing  out  of  the  observance  of  the  existing  law  concerning  the  HU])ply  of  fuel  to 
officers  of  the  Army  on  duty  with  troops,  and  theefifect  of  Senate  bill  104,  should  that 
bill,  with  amendments  as  proposed,  become  a  law,  as  a  remedy  for  such  injustice. 

The  purchase  of  fuel  by  officers  of  the  Army  falls  unjustly  upon  those  stationed  in  a 
severe  climate,  where  more  than  the  regulation  allowance  is  required  by  the  officer's 
family,  since  all  over  and  above  said  allowance  must  be  paid  for  at  contract  rat«s. 

It  is  estimated  that  twenty-four  twenty-fifths  of  the  Array  is  stationed  west  of  the 
Mississippi  River,  and  upon  those  troops  of  the  north  and  northwest  the  burden  of 
extra  fuel  must  IViU. 

Where  near  a  market  the  extra  fuel  required  by  officers  would  be  i)urchase<i  at 
market  rates.  There  are  no  markets  in  Dakota,  Idaho,  and  AYashington  Territories, 
nor  through  the  Kocky  Mountains. 

Fuel  has  b(;en  an  allowance  to  the  Army  since  its  first  establishment,  for  the  reason 
that  it  is  so  difficult  for  officers  on  service  at  remote  posts  to  supply  themselves  with 
fuel  duly  prepared  for  individual  and  family  use.  If  it  be  objected  that  the  accidents 
of  service  give  this  allowance  to  officers  stationed  in  cities,  who  will  not  really  draw 
and  use  the  fuel  but  will  draw  money  in  lieu  thereof  as  an  emolument,  it  is  sug- 
gests that  a  proviso  be  added  to  the  bill,  that  where  fuel  is  not  drawn  in  kind  by 
officers  on  any  duty  separating  them  from  troops  the  commutation  price  per  standard 
cord  of  oak  wood  shall  not  exceed  three  dollars. 

With  this  proviso  there  will  be  no  loss  to  the  government,  since  the  present  rebate 
on  fuel  amounts  to  that  sum  on  the  average.  That  is,  officers  are  now  permitted  to 
buy  the  regulation  allowance  of  standard  oak  wood  at  three  dollars  per  cord,  and  last 
year  the  average  cost  to  the  government  for  hard  wood  was  from  five  to  six  dollars 
per  cord. 

In  all  contracts  for  fuel  for  troops  the  amount  contracted  for  now,  as  the  law  stands, 
mnst  include  the  full  allowance  for  .all  officers  serving  with  troops,  whether  they 
really  buy  the  regulation  quantity  or  not.  So  that  a  change  in  the  law  will  not 
really  alfect  the  first  outlay  of  money  in  all  cases  under  contracts  for  fuel;  it  will 
only  bo  affected  bv  amoiiuts  refunded.  This  sum  in  the  year  ending  December  31, 
1880,  was  $43,938.28. 

Commutation  for  fuel  at  $3  per  standard  cord  should  be  paid  by  the  paymaster,  as 
in  case  of  commutation  of  quarters.     With  the  modification  of  the  bill  fixing  the 
price  of  commutation  at  .*!3  per  standard  cord,  to  prevent  any  tendency  to  abuse  the 
liberality  of  Congress,  the  law  will  be  of  signal  benefit  to  the  service. 
Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

EUFUS  INGALLS, 
Qiiartermastcr-Gcneral,  Svt.  Maj.  Gen.  U.  S.  A. 

On  January  31,  1882,  this  ofi&ce  ptiblished  by  authority,  of  the  Secre- 
tary of  War,  a  pamphlet  containing  a  record  of  the  experimental  tests 
of  fuel  made  in  this  office  during  the  years  1879,  1880,  and  1881,  a  copy 
of  which  accompanies  this  report.  The  result  of  these  tests  changed 
the  equivalents  of  several  kinds  of  coal  in  use  by  the  Army,  and  a  new 
scale  of  fuel  equivalents  was  prepared  and  published  in  General  Orders 
No.  10,  Adjutant-General's  Office,  January  28, 1882. 

These  experiments  have  continued  during  the  year,  and  the  results  of 
all  fuel  tested  will  be  published  as  an  addenda  to  the  report  of  January 
31,  1882. 

CONTRACTS. 

There  were  filed  in  this  office  during  the  year  936  contracts:  781  for 
155,270  cords  of  wood;  129,209,011  pounds  of  coal;  81,559  bushels  of 
charcoal;  36,367,020  pounds  of  corn;  36,361,914  pounds  of  oats;  6,847,000 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  889 

pounds  of  barley;  2,014,800  ])ouii(ls  of  Imin;  111,491,030  ]»oun(ls  of 
hay;  and  12.040,400  i)oiuids  of  straw;  0  for  indetlnite  quantities  of  fuel 
and  forage;  1  for  work  at  national  cemeteries;  20  for  clotliinji,  canipiind 
garrison  equipage;  1  for  water-proof  earbolized  ]»aper;  U  for  iiorses  and 
mnles;  3  for  harness  materials;  3  for  harness;  38  for  transportation; 
4  for  buildings;  2  for  army  wagons  and  ambulances;  4  for  wagon  ma- 
terials; 1  for  carts  and  lincli'i)ins;  2  lor  bnilding  materials;  2  for  min- 
eral-oil tanks;  4  for  mineral  oil;  5forlami»s;  4  lor  services;  3  for  horse- 
shoeing materials,  and  34  leases. 

WAGONS  AND   UARNESS. 

Purchases  were  made  during  the  year  of  40  spring:  wagou*:^,  2  drays, 
and  25  ambulance  wagons ;  30  of  the  spring  wagons  manufactured  at 
Leavenworth,  Kans.,  cost  $104.50  eacli ;  the  25  ambulance  wagons  were 
manufactured  at  South  Bend,  !nd.,  costing  .*^204.38  each. 

The  stock  of  army  wagons  on  hand  was  sullicient  to  nu'ct  all  requisi- 
tions during  the  year. 

The  six-mule  army  wagon  ^vas  adopted  many  years  ago,  and  has 
proved  to  be  a  valuable  and  reliable  vehicle  in  the  Avilderness,  but  as 
the  country  has  become  settled,  it  is  believed  that  a  lighter  wagon  may, 
with  economy,  be  substituted  for  general  use  in  the  Army  in  lime  of 
peace  for  service  at  posts  and  mountainous  regions. 

As  the  stock  of  six-mule  wagons  becomes  exhausted,  it  is  suggested 
that  a  lighter  and  less  cumbersome  vehicle  for  four  mules  bo  adopted. 

There  were  manufactured  for  the  department  at  the  military  prison 
20  sets  of  lead-harness,  costing  $15.50  per  set ;  48  sets  of  wheel-harness, 
costing  $17.91  per  set;  136  sets  of  six-mule  army  wagon  harness,  com- 
plete, costing  $83.75  pei-  set;  127  sets  of  four-mule  ambulance  harness, 
complete,  costing  $00.34  per  set ;  and  12  sets  of  six-mule  army  wagon 
harness  of  extra  large  size,  costing  $121.14  per  set. 

STOVES. 

Five  hundred  and  twenty-one  army  cast-iron  heating  stoves  were  de- 
livered to  th^  department  during  the  year  by  the  Ordnance  Depart- 
ment, manufactured  at  the  Eock  island  Arsenal,  111.  Their  total  cost 
was  $7,117.15. 

A  new  grate  has  been  adopted  for  the  army  cast-iron  coal  heaters, 
which  can  be  more  readily  shaken  and  cleaned. 

LIGHTS. 

There  have  been  supplied  to  the  Army  during  the  year  5,156  bracket 
lamps,  single  burner,  and  1,782  pendant  lamps,  double  burner;  2,004 
lanterns,  with  the  requisite  sui)ply  of  chimneys,  wicks,  «S:c.,  and  216,414^ 
gallons  of  jnineral  oil,  the  whole  costing  $73,450. 

For  the  safe  storage  of  the  mineral  oil  at  the  posts  and  depots,  metal- 
lic tanks  are  proviihid,  ami  300  tanks  of  100  gallons  and  50  of  50  gal- 
lons capacity  eacli,  have  been  purchased  at  a  cost  of  $5,347. 

Tlie  total  exi)OTuliture  during  the  year  on  ac(;ount  of  lights  for  the 
Army  has  been  $81,100. 

EXPLORING  EXPEDITIONS. 

Supplies  have  been  furnished  by  the  Quartermaster's  Deiiartment 
during  the  year  to  the  station  at  Lady  Franklin  Hay. 

:\riSCELLANEOUS   CLAIMS   AND   ACCOUNTS. 
At  tliP  bejrinniii};  of  tlu- fiscal  year  there  were  on  lilo  in  this  otlice  l'J,7()7 

nii8c<'llaiH'0u.s  chiiinH,  anio\intin{^  to >;(),  9ll,9r>9  39 

:?G4  ncconnts,  anionntiii);  to (Vi,  ;>(»!  HO 

1,242  claims  and  accounts  were  liled  (lnrin<f  the  year,  amounting  to.. .         :?;<ti,  2H9  10 

Total,  14,313,  amountinjj  to 7,340,5^)0  29 


390  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

Of  tlicse,  30  claims  wore  passed  for  $({3,401.19,  bein<,'  a  deduction  in 
amount,  as  i)resented,  of  $12,838.09;  19-1  claims,  amounting  to .S25,4o9.55, 
were  referred  to  other  dei)artments  to  wliicli  tliey  pertained ;  1 81,  amount- 
ing to  $24,818.82,  were  referred  to  the  Treasury  Department  lor  .action 
of  the  accounting  officers;  212,  amounting  to  $04,707.71,  were  rejected. 

Two  hundred  and  liity  accounts,  amounting  to  $12,093.02,  were  aj)- 
proved,  being  a  reduction  in  amount  as  presented  of  $419.25;  220, 
amounting  to  $00,799.02,  were  referred  to  other  departments  to  wliich 
they  pertained,  and  97,  amountiug  to  $3,053.05,  were  rejected ;  total 
disposed  of,  1,199  claims  and  accounts,  amounting,  as  presented,  to 
$274,220.30;  remaining  on  hand  July  1,  1882,  12,702;  miscellaneous 
claims,  amounting  to  $0,990,977.87 ;  220  accounts,  amounting  to  $75,- 
352.12  J  total,  12,982,  amounting  to  $7,072,329.99. 

TRANSPORTATION. 

There  were  transported  during  the  year  67,203  persons,  13,185  beasts, 
and  122,283  tons  of  material. 

The  total  cost  of  this  movement  was  $2,702,052.83,  of  which  $584,459.42 
has  been  paid  for  transportation  of  persons,  $1,543,980.40  for  freight, 
&c.,  and  accounts  were  outstanding  at  the  close  of  the  year  amounting 
to  $033,012.95,  a  portion  of  which  have  since  been  paid. 

The  most  considerable  movements  of  troops  have  been :  ' 

First  Cavalry. — Companies  C,  G,  I,  and  M,  between  the  Departments 
of  California,  Arizona,  and  the  Columbia. 

Third  Cavalry. — Headquarters  and  Companies  A,  C,  D,  E,  F,  G,  H, 
I,  K,  L,  and  M  from  Department  of  the  Platte  to  Department  of  the 
Missouri. 

Seventh  Cavalry. — Company  M  from  Department  of  Texas  to  Depart- 
ment of  the  Missouri. 

Tenth  Cavalry. — Companies  D,  E,  F,  and  M  from  Department  of  the 
Missouri  to  Dex)artment  of  Texas. 

First  Artillery. — Headquarters,  and  Companies  A,  B,  C,  D,  F,  H,  3v, 
L,  and  M  from  Department  of  the  East  to  Department  of  California, 
and  Companies  E  and  I  from  Department  of  the  East  to  Department  of 
the  Columbia. 

Second  Artillery. — Company  F  from  Dei^artment  of  Texas  to  Depart- 
ment of  the  Missouri,  and  Company  L  from  Department  of  the  South  to 
Department  of  the  East. 

Ihird  Artillery. — Headquarters,  and  Companies  B,  C,  D,  E,  F,  G,  H, 
I,  K,  L,  and  M  from  Department  of  the  East  to  Department  of  the 
South. 

Fourth  Artillery. — Headquarters,  and  Companies  A,  B,  C,  D,  E,  H, 
and  L  from  Department  of  California  to  Department  of  the  East,  and 
F,  G,  K,  and  Mfrom  Department  of  the  Columbia  to  the  Department  of 
the  East. 

Fifth  Artillery.— -ReadqnsbTters  and  Companies  A,  B,  D,  E,  F,  G,  H, 
I,  K.  L,  and  M  from  Department  of  the  South  to  Department  of  the 
East. 

First  Infantry. — Headquarters  and  Companies  A,  B,  C,  D,  E,  F,  G, 
I,  and  K  from  Department  of  Texas  to  Department  of  Arizona,  and 
Company  H  from  Department  of  Texas  to  Department  of  the  ]\Iis- 
souri. 

Fourth  Infantry. — Company  A  from  Department  of  the  Platte  to  De- 
partment of  the  Missouri. 

Sixth  Infantry. — Headquarters  and  ten  companies  from  Department 
of  the  Missouri  to  Department  of  the  Platte. 


KEPORT   OF   THE    SECRETARY    OF    WAR. 


391 


Eighth  Infantry. — Companies  B,  C,  D,  F,  and  K^  from  De])artment  of 
California  to  Department  of  Arizona  and  return,  and  Company  1  from 
Department  of  Arizona  to  Department  of  California. 

Eleventh  Infantry. — Company  G  from  Department  of  Dakota  to  De- 
partment of  the  Missouri. 

Fourteenth  Infantry. — Headquarters  and  ten  companies  from  Depart- 
ment of  the  Platte  to  the  Dei)artment  of  the  Missouri. 

Nineteenth  Infantry. — FFeadquarters  and  ten  companies  from  Depart- 
ment of  the  Missouri  to  Dejtartinent  of  Texas. 

Ticentieth  Infantry. — Headquarters  and  ten  companies  from  Depart- 
ment of  Texas  to  Department  of  the  Missouri. 

EAILROAD  TRANSPORTATION. 

There  were  transported  by  rail  54,583  persons,  lL',oG3  beasts,  and 
77,275  tons  of  material. 

The  i-eported  cost  for  this  service  is  $1,187,4:01.70. 

In  addition  to  this  sum  it  is  estimated  that  there  vill  be  expended 
$125,000  in  payment  of  50  per  centum  of  the  earnings  ot  land  grant 
railroads,  and  the  accounts  now  on  file  in  this  ollice  indicate  that  the 
earnings  of  the  bonded  Pacific  railroads,  for  military  transportation, 
which  are  withheld  by  the  Secretary  of  tlie  Treasury,  and  applied  to 
liquidation  of  their  indebtedness  to  the  United  States,  will  amount  to 
$1,100,040.22,  making  the  aggregate  cost  for  railroad  traus^jortation 
during-  the  year  $2,482,341.92. 

BONDED  PACIFIC  RAILROADS. 

The  following  tables  show  the  military  transportation  over  the  several 
Pacific  railroads  named : 


a 

S 

-.d 

o 

a   . 

tt 

j"^ 

•5'* 

fc-s 

ta 

92 

•t  i 

Names  of  rorapnnles. 

c5 

•sa 

.-S 

r.  a 

aS 

S5 

sB 

s 

>5 

k5 

Ph 

11,  G91 

a,  787 

4,059 

1, 654 

03 

57. 135, 114 
-T,  197,  598 

("•'iitval  l'iicili<;  (l>'!'i"'lifi.s  auil  leased  liues) 

441 

1,0»7,6»3 

Total 

10,  919 

5,770 

85,  430. 395 

The  cost  of  this  service  is  stated  as  follows : 


Nuincs  III'  c'iiiii|i:inies. 


TJiiioii  I'ncillc  (ll|-,^llollCH  and  Ii-a.-cd  linoH).. 
Central  Paciflo  (brniicliefl  and  leaHi-d  lluea) 
Sioux  City  aud  I'acitiu 


°  5 

C    CQ      . 

t.'  -  a 

IN 

Bta 


-"pa 

V  us-" 


E? 


$7,  841  C8   ?i523, 236  70 

810,  H03  ."■•«  I    83,  822  22 

9L'3  80  I       1,  143  31 


325,  029  13     008,  202  23 


II  » 

fc  =i  t. 


$94, 670  44 

139.  874  08 

1,  503  74 


230, 108  SO 


$005,  748  82 

MO.  560  40 

:t.  630  94 


1,  100,940  22 


392 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 


The  followiiiji^  is  a  stalenifiit.  of  unsettled  aceomits  witli  these  rail- 
roads on  ,'U)tli  June,  '1881',  in  this  olhce  or  iu  tlie  Treasury  Department, 
awaitinjj  examination  and  adjustment: 


Names  ol'  cotniiauioB. 


In  Qnartpr- 
In  Treasury.    master-Gen- 
eral's office. 


Total. 


Union  Pacific 

Central  Pacific 

Kanaas  Pacific 

Sioux  City  and  Pacific, 


$244, 263  34  i$l,  302, 392  35  I  $1,  546,  655  69 

589,298  00  I        84,818  70  ]        674,110  70 

11, 651  97  64,  071  70  \          75, 723  67 

4,  491  60  i          1, 143  31              r.,  034  91 


849, 704  91  i  1, 452, 420  00       2, 302, 130  97 


The  total  earnings  of  the  Pacific  railroads  on  account  of  military 
transportation,  from  their  first  opening  to  June  30,  1882,  is  stated  as 
follows : 


Names  of  companies. 


Amount  paid  Amoiintcred-!-^,™??°*3'3'  Amount  with 
"  "     "        ■       ■       "^'    under   ,    j^^j^^  under 

lactof  July  2,'  unrt.Tactof  ^'''i^a-.f  ^/■K''''-|?  i  act  of  May  7, 
I  ■>««.  .T„W.    ,Rfi4     3,^13,3.  ^.Rev.^  J878. 


1864. 


July  2,  1864. 


Union  Pacific !$1,  693,  360  69  '$1, 693,  360  87 


Central  Pacific. 

Kansas  Pacific 

Sioux  City  and  Pacific  . 


Total. 


261, 106  21 
881, 184  17 
3,  594  28 


261, 106  29 
881, 184  23 
3,  594  29 


2.  839,  245  35 


2,  839,  245  68 


$3, 199, 232  54 

682,  274  07 
623,  854  21 
40,718  20 


$771, 448  30 
540,  690  23 


4,  546,  079  02  1  1,  312, 188  53 


Total. 


$7,  357,  402  40 

1,  745, 17C  80 

2,  386,  222  61 

47,  906  77 


11,  536,  708  58 


LAND-GEANT  RAILROADS. 


The  $300,000  appropriated  by  the  act  of  Congress  approved  March 
3,  1879,  under  which  law  iiayments  to  certain  land-grant  railroads  of 
50  per  centum  of  the  amount  found  due  them  for  military  transporta- 
tion was  authorized,  has  all  been  expended  for  the  purpose  indicated. 

Of  the  sum  appropriated  by  the  act  of  March  3,  1881,  for  payment  of 
50  per  centum  of  the  amount  found  due  these  roads  for  transportation 
during  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1880,  and  prior  years,  $275,000, 
there  remained  unexpended  on  June  30, 1882,  813,590.94,  which  amount 
will  be  required  to  settle  outstanding  accounts. 

The  act  of  February  24,  1881,  making  approi)riations  for  support  of 
the  Army  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 1882,  appropriates  $125,000 
for  payment  of  50  per  centum  for  service  rendered  by  these  roads.  Of 
this  amount  $106,651.54  remained  in  the  Treasury  on  30th  of  June, 
1882,  but  will  be  exhamsted  in  payment  of  outstanding  accounts. 

In  the  last  annual  report  of  the  Quartermaster-General  attention  was 
called  to  the  failure  of  Congress  to  provide  funds  for  payment  for  serv- 
ices of  land-giant  railroads  during  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 
1881,  an  estimate  for  which  had  been  submitted  to  Congress. 

In  the  act  making  appropriations  to  supply  deficiencies,  &c.,  ap- 
proved August  5,  1882,  the  sum  of  125,000  is  appropriated  for  payment 
of  50  per  centum  of  the  amount  found  due  for  service  of  certain  land- 
grant  railroads,  but  the  law  omits  to  designate  the  year  for  which  this 
money  is  available,  and  section  G  of  the  same  law  provides  that  in 

all  cases  [in  this  act]  where  no  year  is  indicated  it  is  understood  that  the  appropria- 
tion is  for  the  year  ending  June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and  eighty-two,  for 
which  deficiencies  this  act  is  principally  intended. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  393 

Furtlier  action  of  (.'oug^ress  is  required  to  make  the  money  available 
for  tbe  ])ayment  of  uecouuts  for  services  rendered  by  land-grant  rail- 
roads during  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1881. 

WAGON  AND  STAGE  TRANSPORTATION. 

There  have  been  moved  by  the  department,  by  wagon,  by  contract  or 
hire,  and  by  armv  trains,  20,4l'5  tons  of  militarv  stores  at  a  cost,  as  re- 
])orte<l,  of  $975,;32C..S0. 

Tliirty-two  contracts  were  made  and  received  at  this  office  for  wagon 
f  I'ansportation  during  the  year. 

There  were  transported  by  stage  4,.'34G  passengers  and  11,313  pounds 
of  stores  and  baggage,  costing  $t9,437.4G. 

WATER  TRANSPORTATION. 

The  movement  by  water  has  been  8,33")  ])ersons,  882  beasts,  and 
15,577  tons  of  material,  at  a  cost  of  •S.">19,886.87.  The  work  was  done 
by  vessels  of  established  commercial  lines,  by  contract,  and  by  vessels 
owned  and  chartered  by  the  United  States. 

The  following-named  vessels  are  in  service  of  the  dei)artment: 
Steanjcr  Chester  A.  Arthur,  formerly  the  Henry  Smith,  in  Xew  York 
Harbor;  steamer  Ordnance,  employed  by  Ordnance  Department,  in 
New  York  Harbor;  steam- tug  Atlantic,  at  Governor's  Island,  iSew 
Y'^ork  Harbor;  steam-tug  l{»'solute,  in  Boston  li.irbor;  inopelkh-  Gen- 
eral I^fcPherson,  in  San  Francisco  Harix)r;  steam-launch  Thayer,  at 
Foit  Adams,  K.  I.;  steam-launch  Monroe,  at  Fort  Monroe,  Va.;  steam- 
launch  General  Greene,  at  Fort  JMclIenry,  Md. ;  steam-launch  Hamil- 
ton, at  David's  Island,  Xew  Y^ork  Harbor;  steam-launch  General  Jesuj), 
at  Governor's  and  David's  islands,  Xew  York  IJarbor;  steam  launch 
Barrancas,  at  Fort  Barrancas,  Fla. ;  steaii#launeh  Dispatch,  formerly 
the  Chelan,  at  Vancouver  depot,  Wash.;  stt-ain -launch  Amelia  Wlieaton, 
at  Fort  Co'ur  d'Alene,  J.  T.;  steam-launch  Lillie  Lee,  at  Fort  Totten, 
Dak.;  stfamboat  (ieht  ral  Sherman,  on  the  T"^i)i>i'r  Missouri  and  Yellow- 
stone riveis;  schoontT  Matchless,  at  Key  West  and  Fort  Brooke,  Fla. 

Nineteen  vessels  of  ditlerent  classes  have  been  employed  during  the 
year  by  charter-  at  a  cost  of  850,127.04. 

The  total  txpcnditnre  for  water  transportation  during  the  year  is  re- 
port id  at  $200,348.40. 

TRANSPORTATION  ACCOUNTS   AND   CLATMS. 

At  the  begijnting  of  the  liseal  year  there  were  suspended  and  await- 
ing action  in  this  otlice  537  accounts  and  claims  for  transjjortation, 
:iiiionnting  to  81,333,087.  There  were  receivinl  during  the  year  1,933 
claims,  amounting  to  82,417,813.57.  One  thousaml  six  hundred  and 
eighty-seven,  amounting  to  82,053,802.10,  were  favorably  reported  for 
st'ttlriiicnt;  130,  amounting  to  8140,815,23,  were  r«'i)orte(i  for  rejection^ 
;ind  04,  amounting  to  830,1 0.'». 78,  were  susjteifiled  in  tliis  office  for  addi- 
li(»mil  evidence;  581>,  amounting  to  81,511,020.40,  were  iu  the  office 
awaiting  action  at  the  close  of  the  year. 

INDEBTED  RAILROADS. 

The  amount  due  from  railroad  comi>anies  lor  material  purchasetl  by 
them  from  the  United  States  at  the  close  of  the  war,  not  comppomised 


394  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

or  setthnl  iindorsjieciiil  laws  of  Congress,  and  excludinpf  sums  due  from 
two  railroiulH  doclsired  insolvent,  was,  on  July  1,  LS-SJ,  -S 1 ,  10(»,434,55. 
During  tlie  year  interest  and  charges  liave  accrued  anioujiting  to 
$•42,401.90.  Payment  by  military  transportation  during  the  year 
amounted  to  $1.46.  The  debts  on  June  30,  1882,  amounted  to  $.1,148- 
895.05. 

No  credits  were  gi^'en  to  tlieso  railroads  on  account  of  postal  earn- 
ings during  the  year. 

No  action  ajypears  to  have  been  taken*  by  the  executive  or  legislature 
of  the  State  of  Tennessee  in  relation  to  the  indebtedness  of  that  State 
for  property  pun;hased  for  the  Edgefield  and  K«;ntucky  sind  the  Mem- 
phis, Clarksville  and  Louisville  railroads,  for  which  the  United  States 
holds  the  bonds  of  the  State  in  double  the  value  of  the  property  pur- 
chased. 

A  communicatiou  was  addressed  by  this  office  January  27, 1881,  to  the 
governor  of  Tennessee  on  the  subject  to  which  no  reply  has  been  re- 
ceived. 

NATIONAL  MILITARY  CEMETERIES. 

During  the  year  the  post  cemetery  at  Saint  Augustine,  Fla.,  has  been 
added  to  the  number  of  National  Military  Cemeteries,  making  the  num- 
ber eighty- one,  now  under  the  care  and  control  of  the  Quartermaster's 
Department. 

Five  su])erintendeuts  were  appointed  ;  two  died,  two  resigned,  and 
four  were  discharged  or  dismissed  during  the  year.  Sixty-seven  were 
in  service  at  the  close  of  the  year. 

There  were  405  interments  during  the  year,  and  the  number  of  re- 
mains in  the  National  Cemeteries  at  the  close  of  the  year  was  320,763. 

The  delivery  of  head-stones  for  soldiers'  graves  in  private,  village, 
and  city  cemeteries  under  die  existing  contracts  is  nearly  completed. 

Applications  for  head-sto*es  continue  to  be  received  at  this  office,  and 
to  supply  them  new  contracts  will  have  to  be  made. 

There  are  many  graves  in  the  National  Cemeteries  in  which  are  in- 
terred prisoners  of  war,  employes,  freedmen,  women,  and  children, 
which  are  marked  by  wooden  stakes  and  head-boards,  which  are  fast 
disappearing  by  decay.  It  is  very  desirable  to  preserve  the  identity  of 
these  graves  by  ijermanently  marking  them  with  a  durable  head-stone, 
"Which  can  be  done  at  a  moderate  cost  and  without  special  appropriation. 

I  will  call  the  attention  of  the  Secretary  of  War  to  this  subject  spe- 
cially at  an  early  day,  and  submit  a  project  for  permanently  marking 
these  graves.  ^^ 

A  granite  archway  is  in  course  of  erection  at  the  entrance  to  the 
Marietta  National  Cemetery.  The  improvement  of  the  road  leading  to 
this  cemetery  is  desirable. 

Brick  out-buildings  have  been  built  at  Fredericksburg,  Lebanon, 
and  Corinth  cemeteries  during  the  year,  and  an  abundant  supply  of 
water  has  been  brought  into  the  Vicksburg  Cemetery. 

A  number  of  cast-iron  tablets  have  been  prepared  at  the  Eock  Island 
Arsenal,  Illinois,  to  be  placed  in  national  cemeteries  in  lieu  of  the 
painted  wooden  ones,  which  required  frequent  renewal. 

The  roadways  to  the  Vicksburg  and  Fort  Scott  National  Cemeteries 
have  been  completed,  and  that  to  the  Chattanooga  Cemetery  will  be 
finished  at  an  early  date. 

Contracts  have  been  let  for  building  the  roads  leailing  to  the  Mound 
City  and  New  Albany  National  Cemeteries  authorized  byCongress,  but 


REPORT   OF   THE    8ECRET4.RY    OF   WAR.  395 

the  work  has  not  yet  V)ccu  bojiuii.  The  right  of  way  to  tlie  Mound 
City  Cemetery  is  first  to  be  secured,  which  the  hiw  provides  shall  be 
conveyed  without  ex])ense  to  the  United  States.  It  is  understood  that 
the  roadway  to  the  Is'ew  Albany  Cemetery  has  been  graded  by  the  city 
authorities  of  New  Albany,  and  that  the  road  is  prepared  for  macad- 
amizing l)y  the  government  as  provided  by  law. 

Attention  has  heretofore  been  called  to  the  condition  of  the  road  l)e- 
tweeu  the  A(pieduct  Bridge  and  the  Arlington  National  Cemetery. 
This  cemetery,  tlie  most  beautiful  and  historic  of  its  kind,  is  visited  by 
thousands  of  jieople  yearly,  and  it  seems  proper  that  this  public  high- 
way should  be  made  and  kept  passable  at  all  seasons  of  the  year  at  the 
expense  of  the  government. 

A  bill  was  introduced  in  the  House  of  Representatives,  at  its  last 
vsession,  appropriating  $35,000  for  enlarging  the  Cypress  Ilill  National 
Cemetery,  which  was  favorably  reported  by  the  Military  Committee  but 
failed  to  become  a  law.  Burial  space  in  this  cemetery  is  very  limited, 
and  it  is  important  that  early  action  be  taken  to  secure  additional 
ground.  1  have,  therefore,  submitted  an  estimate  for  an  appropriation 
for  this  puri)ose. 

The  question  of  title  to  additional  land  for  the  Loudon  Park  Ceme- 
tery, at  Baltimore,  is  nowlu'fore  the  district  attorney,  an  agreement  for 
purchase  having  been  entered  into. 

BARRACKS  AND  QUARTERS. 

The  construction  of  119  new  buildings,  comprising  barracks,  ofticers 
quarters,  stables,  store-houses,  guard-houses,  &c.,  has  been  authorized 
during  the  year,  at  an  estimated  cost  of  $175,950.  They  are  at  military 
Ijosts  in  twenty  diflerent  States  and  Territories. 

Subject  to  allotments  proving  sufficient,  repairs  have  been  author- 
ized to  existing  buildings,  for  construction  ifnd  repair  of  cisterns,  and 
for  purchase  of  tools,  at  an  estimated  cost  of  $428,508. 

The  cost  of  new  buildings  and  repairs  is  stated  as  follows  ; 

Department  of  tlio  East : 

New  buildin;rs ?'3C,37l  00 

For  repairs,  «fec !tl,'27'J  00 

Departmeut  of  the  South  : 

New  buildin sjs 17r>  00 

For  repairs,  «S:c 2'),  013  00 

Total  Division  of  tbe  Atlantic 14-2, 833  00 

Department  of  tbe  Missouri : 

New  biiiUlinsH 33, 20r.  00 

For  repairs,  &c 100,529  00 

Dei)artiufnt  of  the.  I'latte : 

New  bnihlinjis 34,9(j'2  00 

For  repairs,  »fcc 41, 522  00 

Departmeut  of  Dakota : 

New  buildiuss 20,G10  00 

For  repairs,  itc „  42,140  CO 

Department  of  Texas: 

New  bnildiuKS 10, 981  00 

For  repairs,  «fcc 40, 008  00 

Total  Division  of  tho  Missouri   342,  H*j:{  00 

Department  of  California : 

N  e  w  V>  11  i  h  1  i  I )  ",'3 3 ,  3r.7  00 

For  repairs,  &.c 3e!,2y7  00 


396  papp:ks  accomi^anyiag  the 

DepnrtiiKMit  of  flic  ColumlMii: 

New  ljiiil(liu;iH S:i,l)78  0;1 

For  repaiiH,  &c, 19,090  (!0 

Dt'liaitiiK^iit  of  Arizona : 

Now  biiildiiijTH :{0,305  00 

For  repairs,  «Sr.c 23,124  00 

Total  DiviKion  of  the  Pacific 118,757  00 

WluirveH  have  been  repaired  at  Fort  Monroe,  Va.,  at  a  cost  of T),  200  00 

West  Point,  N.  Y.,  at  a  cost  of 025  00 

Total  cost 5,625  00 

HOSPITALS. 

The  expenditure  of  $74,940  lias  been  anthoiized  during  tbe  year  for 
construction,  repairs,  and  alterations  to  hospitals,  as  follows : 

In  the  Department  of  the  East,  twenty  hospitals !$12,845  00 

In  the  Departmeut  of  the  South,  six  hospitals 5,170  00 

Total  Division  of  the  Atlantic 18,015  00 

In  the  Department  of  California,  eight  hospitals 11,085  00 

In  the  Department  of  Arizona,  four  hospitals 2, 979  00 

In  the  Department  of  the  Columbia,  seven  hospitals 1, 890  00 

Total  Division  of  the  Pacific 15,954  00 

In  the  Department  of  the  Missouri,  nineteen  hospitals 21,763  00 

In  the  Department  of  Texas,  live  hospitals 1,  702  00 

In  the  Department  of  the  Platte,  twelve  hospitals 4,  073  00 

In  the  DeiKirtraent  of  Dakota,  sixteen  hospitals !•>,  433  00 

Total  Division  of  the  Missouri ^ 40,971  00 

SCHOOL  HOUSES. 

Authority  has  been  given  during  the  year  for  an  expenditure  of 
$4,899  for  the  erection  or  fitting  up  of  buildings  for  school  or  religious 
IJurposes  at  the  following  military  posts ; 

Fort  Biclwell,  Cal.,  costing _ §590  00 

Fort  Hall,  Idaho,  costing 881  00 

Fort  Robinson,  Nebr.,  costing , 403  00 

Fort  Yates,  Dak.,  costing 525  00 

Fort  Mcintosh,  Tex.,  costing „ 1,500  00 

Fort  Reno,  Ind.  T.,  costing 1,000  00 

4,899  00 
SALES   OF  BUILDINGS. 

Certain  old  buildings  and  huts  at  McPherson  Barracks,  Ga..  Fort 
Hamilton,  New  York  Harbor,  Old  Fort  McKinney  and  Cami)  Poplar 
Eiver,  Montana,  have  been  sold  during  the  year,  the  proceeds  of  which 
are  deposited  in  the  Treasury  to  credit  of  miscellaneous  receipts. 

The  act  approved  Apiil  7,  1882,  authorizes  the  Secretary  of  AVar  to 
sell  the  military  barracks  located  in  the  city  of  Savannah,  Ga.,  and 
make  deed  conveying  the  same,  with  the  lauds  ujion  which  the  bar- 
racks are  located,  to  the  purchaser  or  purchasers. 

This  office  has  no  record  of  the  action  taken  under  tlie  law  referred  to. 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    WAR.  397 

MILITARY   SITES  IN   TEXAS. 

The  purcbase  of  sites  of  Forts  Brown  and  D'nncan,  for  which  money 
was  speciallj'  appropriated  by  Congress  in  the  sundry  civil  act  of  March 
3,  1875,  has  not  yet  been  consummated.  No  acceptance  of  the  tender 
of  the  sums  appropriated  for  the  ])urchase  has  been  received. 

The  act  approved  April  10,  IbSO,  appropriating  .^200,000  for  the  pur- 
chase of  sites  and  erection  tliereoii  of  such  military  posts  on  or  near  the 
Rio  Grande  frontier  as  might  be  deemed  necessary  by  the  Secretary  of 
AVar  for  the  adequate  i)rotectiou  thereof,  has  been  amended  in  the  act 
making  appropriations  for  the  support  of  the  Army,  approved  June  30, 
1882,  as  follows : 

And  tlio  act  eutitled  "An  act  making  appropriations  for  acqniring  sites  and  the 
erection  of  tniitable  posts  for  tin-  yrotediou  of  tlio  Kio  Grande  fi-outier,"  approved 
April  sixteenth,  eighteen  hundre<l  and  eighty,  be  amended  by  striking  out  the  words 
"on  or  near  the  Rio  Grande  frontier,  as  may  be  deemed  necessary  by  the  Secretary  of 
War  for  the  aflequato  protection  thereof :  Provided,  That  none  of  said  Jippropriation 
shall  be  used  fur  the  purposes  albresaid  until  a  valid  title  to  said  sites  be  vested  in 
the  Unitetl  States,"  and  inserting  in  lieu  thereof  the  words  "in  the  State  of  Texas 
as  may  be  deemed  necessary  by  the  Secretary  of  War  for  the  adequate  ]trotection  of 
the  Rio  Grande  frontier ;  "  but  no  part  of  this  appropriation  shall  be  expended  until 
the  provisions  of  section  three  hundred  and  lifty-five  of  tho  Revised  Statutes  havo 
been  fully  complied  with. 

Since  the  passage  of  the  act  of  A])ril  16,  1880,  the  construction  of 
commercial  Hues  through  the  State  of  Texas  lias  materially  changed  the 
lines  of  military  operations  in  that  State.  The  law,  as  amended,  i)er- 
mits  the  location  of  military  posts  at  such  iwiuts  as  are  now  required 
for  the  prot(}ction  of  the  frontier. 

POST  CEMETERIES. 

During  the  year  orders  have  been  given  for  the  removal  of  remains 
buried  at  Fort  Porter,  N.  Y.,  to  Forest  Lawn  Cemetery,  near  Butfalo, 
jST.  Y.,  and  from  Fort  Hartsutif,  Nebr.,  to  the  nearest  National  Cemetery. 

A  wooden  fence  was  authorized  to  be  erected  around  the  cemetery  at 
Saint  Augustine,  Fla.,  but  since  the  date  of  the  authorization  that  cem- 
etery has  been  declared  a  national  one. 

A  monument  has  been  ordered  to  be  erected  at  Fort  Keogh,  Mont., 
to  the  mcmor}'  of  olUcers  and  soldiers  killed  in  the  Indian  war  on  the 
Yellowstone. 

FIRES. 

Fires  have  o(;currfd  at  seven  military  posts  during  the  year,  in  which 
the  department  has  suffered  loss,  as  follows:  At  Little  Kock  Barracks, 
Ark., a  hospital  building:  at  FortMeade,  I)ak.,FortFetterman,  Wyo.  T., 
and  Fort  Leavenworth,  Kans.,  a  barrack  building  at  each  ;  at  Fort  Apa- 
che, Ariz.,  a  set  of  otticers'  quarters;  at  Fort^'allcouver,  AVash.,  a  bake- 
house, and  at  Fort  C(eur  d'Aleue,  Ind.  T.,  a  shop  building. 

MILITARY  RESERVATIONS  DECLARED. 

The  following  military  reservations  have  been  declared  bv  the  Presi- 
dent: 

Fort  Totten,  Dak.,  boundaries  extended  August  20,  1881. 

Fort  Ilalleek,  Nev.,  Oetobrr  11.  ISSl. 

I'ort  IjCwis,  Colo.,  Jannar;  27,  1S82. 

Fort  Magiunis,  .Mont.,  amended  res<'rve,  Ai)ril  14.  1882, 
'  Fort  Supply,  Ind.  T.,  April  18,  1882. 


398  PAPERS  ACCOMPANYING  THE 

CLAIMS  FOR  quartermaster's  STORES,  PRESENTED  UNDER  ACT  OF 

JULY  4,  1864. 

At  the  bo^ifinniuff  of  the  fiscal  j^ear  there  remained  on  hand  in  this 
cilice,  awaiting-  action,  11>,791  claims,  presented  nnder  the  act  of  July 
4,  18()4,  amounting  in  the  aggregate  to  $0,576,997.15;  and  124  claims, 
amounting  to  $142,916.05,  which  had  been  presented  to  military  boards 
and  connuis.s'ions  prior  to  Jaruiary  1,  1880,  the  date  upon  Avhicli  the  pre- 
sentation of  such  claims  was  barred  by  statute,  were  called  up  during 
the  yenr. 

Of  these,  1,389  claims,  amounting  to  $646,037.80,  were  transmitted  to 
the  Treasury  for  an  allowance  of  $296,346.39,  and  1,630  claims,  amount- 
ing to  $1,302,700.82,  were  rejected. 

At  the  end  of  the  fiscal  year  there  remained  on  hand,  awaiting  action, 
16,896  claims,  amounting  in  the  aggregate  to  $7,771,174.58. 

One  hundred  and  eighty-four  claims  of  a  miscellaneous  character, 
based  on  certified  vouchers,  amounting  to  $24,848.82,  were  acted  upon 
and  reported  to  the  Treasury,  for  action  of  the  accounting  officers. 

The  act  of  June  30,  1882,  making  appropriations  for  the  support  of 
the  Army  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1SS3,  provides  that  no 
part  of  the  sum  therein  appropriated  shall  be  used  or  expended  in  the 
investigation  of  claims  presented  under  act  of  July  4,  1864. 

The  investigation  of  these  claims  had  heretofore  been  made  by  agents 
of  the  Quartermaster's  Department,  under  the  direction  of  officers  of  the 
Dei)artment,  located  in  the  districts  where  the  claims  originated,  and 
the  expense  of  their  employment,  transijortation,  &c.,  has  been  borne 
from  the  appropriations  of  the  Army. 

The  act  making  appropriations  for  the  legislative,  executive,  and 
judicial  expenses,  approved  August  5, 1882,  j^rovides  for  the  employment 
by  the  Quartermaster-General  of  certain  clerks,  agents,  and  others  in 
the  investigation  of  these  claims. 

In  accordance  with  the  provision  referred  to  twenty-five  agents  have 
been  appointed  by  the  Secretary  of  War,  and  ha-ve  been  sent  out  by 
this  office  to  investigate  the  claims,  and  a  corps  of  clerks  are  employed 
in  this  office  in  preparing  the  claims  for  final  action  by  the  Quarter- 
master-General. 

It  is  believed,  with  the  present  force  of  agents,  that  the  work  of  in- 
vestigation of  all  the  claims  arising  under  the  act  of  July  4,  1864,  for 
quartermaster's  stores  can  be  closed  during  the  tw^o  years  succeeding 
the  current  fiscal  year. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  sir,  very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

EUFUS  IXGALLS, 
Quarfcnnastcr- General,  Brevet  Majoi- General  U.  iS.Anny. 

The  Hon.  Secretary  of  AVar. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  399 


liKPORT  OF  THE  COMMISSARY-GENERAL  OF  SUBSISTENCE. 

War  Department, 
Office  Commissary-General  of  Subsistence, 

Waahinyton,  D.  C,  October  7,  188:.'. 

Sir:  In  compliance  with  your  directions  of  tilth  ultimo,  I  Inive  the 
honor  to  submit  the  following  reportof  the  operations  of  the  Subsistence 
Department  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1882  : 

RESOURCES  AND  EXPENDITURES. 

The  following  statement  exhibits  the  aggregate  fiscal  resources  and 
exi^enditures  of  the  department  for  the  year  mentioned,  and  the  bal- 
ances remaining  unexx)euded  at  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year : 

RESOURCES. 

Amount  in  the  Treasury  to  the  credit  of  appropriations  of  the  Snhsist- 
ouce  Department  on  June  30,  1881,  as  follows : 

Subsistence  of  the  Army,  1880 ^22, 575  45 

Suhsistence  of  the  Army,  1881 2  U:i 

Claims  for  quartermaster's  stores  and  commissary  sup- 
plies, act  July  4,  18t)4,  ])er  act   March  1,  1881,  being 

poi'tiou  for  connuissary  supplies 75  (iO 

$:i2,65:5  07 


Amounts  to  tlie  credit  of  oftieers  of  the  Subsistence  Department,  and 
oflicersdoin<;duty  in  tlieSiil>sistence  Department,  witii  the  Trt-asiircr, 
assistant  treasurers,  and  designated  de])ositaries,  and  in  their  per- 
sonal possession  on  Juue  30,  1881,  as  follows  : 

Suhsistence  of  the  Army',  1880 glfiO  38 

Subsistence  of  the  Army,  1881 412,327  70 


Amounts  refunded  to  the  Treasury  near  chise  of  fiscal  year  18^1,  but 
not  carried  to  the  credit  of  the  apjiropriations  by  June  30,  lac^l,  since 
covered  in  as  follows : 

Subsistence  of  t ho  Army,  1879  and  prior  years *  .*2  25 

Subsistence  of  the  Army,  1880 (10  00 

Subsistence  of  the  Army,  1881 37  50 


412,497  08 


91) 


Amounts  appropriated  for  the  Subsistence  Etepartmeiit  for  the  fiscal 
year  ending  June  30,  1882,  a»f(dlows: 

Subsistence   of  the  Army,    1882,  act  February  24, 

1881 ! $2,250,  (loo  00 

Claims  for  quartermaster's  stores  and    c(»miiiissary 
sujiplitvs,   act  July   4,   18()4,  per  act  May  1,    1882, 

being  portion  Ini    coiumiss.iry  sui>plies '. .  5,(»7ti53 

Relief  ot  ju'rsons  reudcred  destitute  by  overllow  of 
Mis8i8si]»pi. River '. ;!5(),  000  00 


Amounts  collected  from  various  sources  and  refunded  to  tin-  a]ipro]iri- 
ations  of  the  Sub.sistcnce  I)tq)artmeut,  on  the  liooks  oftlie  Treasury, 
during  the  li.scal  year  1882,  as  follows: 

Subsistence  of  the  Army,  1870  und  juior  ye.irs ^,:vj  l:? 

Subsistence  oftlie  Army,  1^80 1,285  42 

Subsisti'uce  of  th(!  Ariiiy,  J-^Sl 44,M<>4  :!;{ 

Subsistence  of  the  Army,  1m2 7^i,:'.31  \'A 


2, 605, 076  53 


125,0.50  01 


400  TAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

Amount  rcfiiiKlcd  im  tlio  books  of  II11'  'rirjiHiny  nndor  iui\  of  March  'A, 
1875,  (18  Stat.  Lnv^i),  418),  m  follows: 
Snbistciico  of  tlie  Army,  187y,  and  prior  ycarH,  trausfcr  account..  §2,527  74 

Amouut  roceivcd.  by  oHicors  of  flio  SubKistcnco  Department,  and  by 
oiiicors  doing  duty  in  tho  SiibsiKli-nco  Department,  from  sales  of  snb- 
Bistence  stores  to  ilio  following  piinrbasors  during  the  liscal  year  1882, 
and  taken  up  for  immediate  disbursemtnt  under  tlui  appro})riation, 
Subsistenoe  of  th(i  Army,  1882: 

Sales  to  ollicers  of  the  Army,  $484,523.91 ;  to  enlisted  men,  S255,- 
449,97;  to  com])anies,  detachments,  and  hospitals,  .•?  179, 7:^9.80; 
to  civil  employes,  f21,582.27  ;  to  Fort  Leavenworth  military 
prison,  $17,278.(30;  to  surveyors,  $5,791.84;  to  railroad  engineers, 
1$1, 115.84;  tociviloniployesof  Agricultural  Dejtartnieut,  $^6.5.54; 
to  Mullan  road  employ6s,  $54G.(i5 ;  to  steamers,  !i!i90.78  ;  to  Indians, 
$80.40;  Indian  commissioners,  $69.75;  to  Quartermaster's  Depart- 
ment. $171.72;  to  assistant  geologist,  $:}3.81 ;  of  eondenined  stores 
at  auction,  $3,415.24;  of  boxes,  barrels,  &.e.,  $731.79;  of  gardeu 
seeds  and  agricultural  implements,  .|l, 051.7(5;  total 972,022  07 

Amonuts  taken  up  by  officers  doing  du^y  iu  the  Subsistence  Depart- 
ment, ou  account  of  reclamations  for  stores  lost,  damaged.  Sec,  and 
ill  correction  of  errors  iu  their  accounts,  &,c.,  during  the  tiscal  vear 
1882  i 

Subsistence  of  the  Army,  1882 2,958  71 

Amount  in  hands  of  representatives  of  deceased  officer  to  be  collected: 

Subsistence  of  the  Army,  1878 109  84 

Amounts  charged  against  ofiScers  (deceased  and  resigned)  on  account  of 
funds  alleged  to  have  been  lost  by  theft,  &c.,  as  follows: 

Subsistence  of  the  Army,  1879  and  prior  years 3, 000  89 

Amounts  charged  against  officers,  still  in  service,  on  account  of  funds  al- 
leged to  have  been  lost  by  theft,  &c.,  and  for  which  relief  can  only  be 
obtained  iu  the  Court  of  Claims,  iTuder  sections  1059  and  1082,  Revised 
Stattites  (including  all  sums  of  this  character  heretofore  entered  in 
this  statement),  as  follows  : 

Subsistence  of  the  Army,  1879  and  jmor  years |2,  772  86 

Subsistence  of  the  Army,  1880 393  96 

Subsistence  of  the  Army,  1881 265  47 

3,  432  29 


Total  resources 4, 150,  028  58 

EXPENDITURES. 

Amounts  expended  on  the  books  of  the  Treasury  from  the  appropriations  of  the  Sub- 
sistence Department  during  the  fiscs*!  year  1882,  as  follows  : 

Claims  for  quartermaster's  stores  and  commissary  sup- 
plies, act  July  4,  1864,  per  act   of  May  2,  1882,  being 

portion  for  commissary  supplies $5,  678  53 

Claims  for  quartermaster's  stores  and  commir  ■  s  i  > 
plies,  act  July  4,  1864,  per  act  March  1,  1&81,   being 

portion  for  conunissary  supijlies 75  60 

Subsistence  of  the  Army,  l88t» 61  '>5 

Subsistence  of  the  Army,  1881 . 36,  085.  75 

Subsistence  of  the  Arm  v,  1882 25  53 

$41,924  4(1 

Amounts  disbursed  by  officers  of  the  Subsistenoe  Department,  and  offi- 
cers doing  duty  in  the  Subsistence  Department,  during  the  6seal  year 
1882,  as  follows : 

Subsistence  of  the  Army,  1880 $169  38 

Sul.sisteuce  of  the  Army,  18-1 411,  ^^'J  12 

Subsistence  of  the  Array,  1 882 2, 899,  805  31 

Relief  of  persons  rmidered  destitute  bv  overflow  of 

the  Jtississippi  Ri  ver '. 349. 9.".8  88 

3.G6L:v:'i  69 


REPORT  OP  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.         401 

Amounts  dropped  by  officors  doing  duty  in  the  Subsistence  Depart- 
meut  in  corn^ction  of  errors  iu  their  accounts  during  the  tiscal  year 
1882: 
Subsistence  of  the  Army,  1882 $131  10 

Amounts  carried  to  the  surplus  fuud  on  Juno  30,  1882: 

Subsistence  of  the  Ariuy,  187i)  and  prior  years,  transfer 

account,  act  March  3,  IS75  {IH  Stat.  Large,  418) $2,527  74 

Subsistence  of  the  Army,  1879  and  prior  years 541  38 

Subsistence  of  the  Army,  1680 23,b50  34 

20,919  4() 

Total  expenditures 3, 730, 290  7 1 

BALANCES  UNEXPENDED. 

Amounts  in  the  Treasury  to  the  credit  of  appropriations  of  the  Subsistence  Depart- 
ment on  June  30,  1882,  as  follows  : 

Subsistence  of  the  Army,  1881 .«i9, 3G4  16 

Subsistt-iice  of  the  Army,  1882 1, 428  02 

Relief  of  persons  rendered  destitute  by  overliow  of  Mis- 
sissippi River 41  12 

SIO, 833  90 

Amounts  to  the  cre<lit  of  officers  of  the  Subsistence  Department,  and  of 

officers  doing  duty  in  the  Subsistence  Department,  with  the  Treas- 
urer, assistant  treasurers,  and  designated  dejjositarics,  and  in  their 
persoLal  possession,  on  June.3U,  1882,  as  follows: 

Subsistence  of  the  Armv,  1881 $42;}  02 

Subsistence  of  the  Army,  1882 399,931  88 

400, 354  90 

Amounts  refunded  to  the  Treasury  near  close  of  fiseal  year  1882,  but 

not  carried  to  the  credit  of  the  appropriations  by  June  30,  1882: 

Subsiiitence  of  the  Army,  IbSO $9  48 

Subsistence  of  the  Army,  1-81 50 

Subsistence  of  the  iirmy,  1882 983  64 

993  62 

jVmonntsin  handsof  representatives  of  deceased  officers  to  he  collected: 

Subsistence  of  the  Army,  1878 IJIOU  84 

Subsistence  of  the  Army,  1882 907  25 

1, 077  09 

Amounts  charged  against  officers  (deceased  and  resigned)  on  account  of 

funds  alh'ged  to  have  been  lost  by  theft,  &c.,  as  follows: 

Subsistence  of  the  Army,  1879,  and  prior  years 3,000  89 

Amounts  charged  against  officers  still  in  service  on  accoint  of  funds 
alleged  to  have  been  lost  by  theft,  «.V;c.,  and  for  which  relief  ran  only 
be  obtained  in  the  Court  of  Claims  under  sections  1059  and  1062,  Re- 
vised Statutes,  as  follows : 

Sub8iBt«;uce  of  the  Army,  lf^79  and  \n\nr  years $2,772  8C^ 

Subsistence  of  the  Army,  1880 ! [VXi  06 

Subsistence  of  the  Anny,  IHHl 205  47 

Subsistence  of  the  Army,  1882 39  18 

3,471  47 

Total  balances  unexpended §419,731  87 

PURCHASE   OF  SUPPLIES. 

Sub.sistenco  sui)i)lies  for  the  Army  are  purchased  as  near  the  points 
of  (',on.suni])tion  as  i)r:icti<-al)le,  re<::ar(l  beiiij;-  hatl  to  (piality  and  prices 
and  the  cost  of  transportation  to  the  various  ]>osts. 

Duiiiij;the  past  year  a  Uvr^e  i>orlioii  of  the  supplies  has  been  ob- 
tained as  usual  in  the  hir^^e  market  cities  of  tlie  country,  as  New  York, 
Chicago,  ISau  Francisco,  iSaiiit  Louis,  New  OrU'an.s,  «Ji:c.  Fresh  me^it, 
and  to  a  i^reat  extent  tlour  and  a  few  other  arlich'S,  have  been  i>urehased 
from  producers  at  or  near  tiie  i)oiiits  of  issue,  purchases  being  ])rcfer- 
ably  80  made  whenever  artick's  of  a  suitalde  ({uality  can  be  obtained 
at  prices  not  exceeding  tlie  cost  of  siniihir  arlieh's  purchased  else- 
where, cost  of  transportation  included. 
20  Ab 


402 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 


CONTRACTS  AND  PURCHASES. 

During  the  fiscal  yoar  ending  June30, 1882^,  142  newspaper  advertise- 
ments and  80  «'irciil;irs  and  i)Ofst(n\s  inviting  i)roi>()sal8  for  subsisteuce 
stores  wore  rejxntcd  to  tliis  oOice.  Tliere  were  also  receiv«id  2,2.59  con- 
tracts of  various  kinds  for  fresh  meats,  complete  rations,  and  other 
supplies  required  for  the  subsistence  of  the  Army. 

The  amounts  expended  for  subsistence  stores  and  proi)erty,  and  for 
contingencies  at  the  principal  i)urchasing  stations  during  the  fiscal  year 
ending  June  30,  1882,  were  as  follows: 


Purcliasing  depot  at — 


Baltimore,  Md 

Boston,  Mass 

Cheyciino,  Wyo 

Chicago,  111 

Cincinnati,  Ohio 

Tort  Leavenworth,  Kans 

Helena,  'Slont 

Kew  Orleans,  La 

New  York,  N.  Y 

Omaha,  Neb 

Prescott,  Ariz 

Sahit  Louis,  Mo 

Saint  Paul ,Miun , 

San  Antonio,  Texas 

Santa  r6,  N.  Mex 

San  Francisco,  Gal 

Vancouver  Barracka,  Washington  Ter. 
Washington,  D.C 


Totals 2,101,318  77 


For  stores. 


For  property 


$40, 

173, 
41, 

619, 
10, 

188, 
27, 
21, 

432, 
25, 
30, 

121, 

151, 
4, 
12, 

163, 
25, 
11. 


575  18 
251  42 
428  72 
300  90 

041  8G 
407  46 
993  29 
915  65 
355  89 
937  90 
547  73 
330  85 
067  00 
204  75 

042  38 
317  27 
694  05 
786  47 


$391  28 
278  78 
370  95 

4, 688  40 
209  78 

4,  297  26 
440  85 
269  21 

3, 368  90 

3, 145  01 


.  701  14 
5, 282  26 
195  27 
20  02 
3,  542  07 
1,  813  32 
1,  534  G6 


30,  539  22 


For  contin- 
gencies. 


$9, 177  56 
15,  956  98 

4, 409  91 
24,  686  65 
11,031  84 
17, 175  98 

2,  026  90 

i>,  686  02 
25, 197  79 
13,  294  57 
12,  876  11 

9, 178  66 
15, 193  77 
11, 133  17 

9,  300  39 
17,940  17 

9,  829  49 
249,  755  61 


464,451  57 


Total. 


$50, 144  02 

189, 487  18 
46, 209  58 

648,  675  95 
21,  283  48 

2U9,  940  70 
31,001  04 
27,  870  88 
-460, 022  64 
42,  377  48 
43, 423  84 

1.31,210  05 

171,  543  03 
15,593  19 
21,  362  79 

184,  799  51 
37,  336  86 

263,  066  74 


2,  596,  309  56 


PEESH  BEEF. 

The  price  of  beef  throughout  the  country  has  continued  to  increase  to 
such  an  extent  as  to  add  materially  to  the  cost  of  subsisting  the  Army. 
It  win  be  seen  by  the  following  table  the  average  price  paid  under  con- 
tracts for  the  current  fiscal  year  is  twenty- three  per  cent,  greater  than 
for  the  last,  and  thirty-six  per  cent,  greater  than  for  the  year  1881. 

Table  showing  the  average  cost  prices  per  pound  (independent  of  quantities  purchased)  in  each 
State  and  Tei'ritory  of  fresh  beef  supplied  to  the  Army  on  contract  during  the  fiscal  years 

1881,  1882,  and  1883,  viz  : 


Maine 

Massachusetts 

Hhode  Island 

Connec  tictrt 

New  York 

Pennsylvania 

Maryland 

District  of  Columbia.. 

Virginia 

Greorgia 

Florida 

Alabama 

Louisiana 

Arkansas 

Texas 

Kentucky 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 


Average  price  per 
pound. 


1881. 


Cent^. 
8.75 
8.89 
6.90 
7.23 
7.77 
9.37 
7.93 
6.64 
6.24 
8.85 
a  62 
9.00 
7.75 
6.75 
,5.18 

e..^o 

6.15 
8.00 
8.00 


1882.       1883. 


Cents- 

10.  .50 

11.38 

8.00 

8.97 

9.54 

12.25 

9.00 

a  06 

7.00 

9.68 

12.00 


7.25 
6.97 
.5.48 
6.75 
7.25 
9.00 
7.00 


Cents. 

11.75 

14.21 

10.00 

15.00 

12.08 

13.94 

11.93 

9.60 

9.12 

12  00 

8.62 

12.  50 

12.  M 

0.50 

a  47 

11.00 

11.70 

9.62 

13.00 


Michigan ■ 

Missouri 

Minnesota 

Nebraska 

Kansas •. 

Indian  Territory.  ..... 

Wyoming . 

Dakota, 

Now  Mexico 

Colorado 

Utah 

Montana 

California 

Arizona 

Washington 

Idaho 

Nevada 

Oregon 

Average  for  each  year 


Average   price   per 
pound. 


1881.       1882. 


Cents. 

10.38 
5.50 
5.17 
7.21 
7.40 
5.86 
7.19 
a  79 
7.75 
7.82 
5.21 
5.50 
6.92 

10.46 
6.73 
6.  G5 
7. 75 
6.12 


Cents. 

10.95 
6.99 
a  15 
7.23 
7.93 
5.73 
7.34 
9.30 
a  32 
7.87 
6.60 
6.34 
7.17 

10.76 
6.71 
C.75 
9.  .'.U 
5.34 


1883. 


Cents. 

11.42 
7.83 
9.35 
a  45 
7.15 
6.16 
9.10 

10.39 

a  98 
a  77 

&62 
9.18 
9.90 

12.34 
5.38 
7.05 

12.00 


7.39 


a  19 


10.11 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  403 

TOBACCO. 

Daring  tlie  year  plu;?  tobacco  to  the  amount  of  lO^jllSy^  pounds  and 
smoking  tobacco  to  tlic  amount  of  83,169i|  pounds  was  supplied  for 
sale  to  officers  and  enlisted  men  of  the  Army. 

The;  sales  of  the  tobacco  cbargeil  to  enlisted  men  (lurii)g  the  year,  under  section  1149 
of  the  Revised  Statutes,  for  which  tobacco  returns  have  been  received  at  this  office, 
amounted  to §I05,5-2ti  19 

Value  of  tobacco  charged  in  fiscal  year  1878;  returns  therefor 
received  in  1882 - 49  95 

Value  of  tobacco  charged  in  fiscal  year  1881 ;  returns  therefor 
received  in  188"i 595  62 

Value  of  tobacco  charged  iu  previons  years  in  excess  of 
amounts  reported  by  the  Pay  Department  as  collected Gl,  044  02 

Value  of  tobacco  charged  iu  fiscal  year  1883 ;  returns  therefor 
sent  to  Paymaster-General* 9,222  07 

Total §176,437  8o 

Collections  on  account  of  tobacco  sold  to  enlisted  men  have 
been  reported  during  the  fiscal  year  as  follows : 

Amount  transferred  by  Pay  Department  to  the  approi)riation 

Subsistence  of  the  Army §107, 024  48 

Amount  not  yet  transferred  by  Pay  Department  to  the  appro- 
priation Subsistence  of  the  Array 37,569  05 

Paid  by  officers  on  account  of  failure  to  charge  enlisted  men.  3  01 

Total 144,596  54 


Leaving  a  balance  not  yet  reported  as  collected  of $31,841  31 

SUFFERERS  BY  THE  OVERFLOW  OF  MISSISSIPPI  RIVER. 

In  February,  1882,  a  great  freshet  in  the  Mississippi  River  and  its 
tributaries  caused  the  overflow  of  a  large  section  of  countrj%  embracing 
parts  of  Kentucky,  Tennessee,  Illinois,  Missouri,  Arkansas,  Mississippi, 
and  Louisiana,  causing  great  destitutiou  and  suffering.  Immediate  re- 
lief was  iisked,  and  Congress,  by  joint  resolutions  approved  February 
25,  March  21,  and  Aiuil  1,  1882,  appropriated  an  aggregate  of  $350,000 
to  be  used  by  the  Secretary  of  War  in  the  purchase  and  distribution  of 
subsistence  stores  for  the  relief  of  the  sufferers.  The  first  Joint  resolu- 
tion (that  of  February  25,  1882)  approi)riated  $100,000.  This  Depart- 
ment was  charged  by  the  Secretary  with  the  duty  of  procuring  and  dis- 
tributing the  sui)plies.  The  order  for  the  first  purchase  was  given  Feb- 
ruary 20,  and  iu  forty-eight  hours  supplies,  ijrocured  by  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  Leckwith,  assistant  commissary-general  of  subsistence,  at  Saint 
Louis,  Mo.,  were  on  their  way  by  boat  to  the  sufferers.  A  largo  quantity 
of  stores  were  also  purchased  in  New  Orleans  specially  for  sufferers  by 
tlie  overflow  in  Louisiana. 

Of  the  •*350,000  api)ropriated  $349,958.88  were  placed  to  the  credit  of 
Lieut.  Col.  A.  IJeckwith,  assistant  commissary-general  of  subsistence,  at 
Saint  Louis,  and  Capt.  F.  F.  Whitehead,  commissary  of  subsistence,  at 
NcAV  Orleans,  with  which  3,251,000  rations  were  purchased  and  (b'livered, 
under  instructions  from  the  Secretary  of  War,  to  the  agents  of  the  va- 
rious State  authorities  in  the  regions  where  the  destitutiou  i)revaik(l. 
Therations  turned  over  to  these  agents  for  the  relief  of  sufferers  iji  the 
States  named  were  as  follows : 


404 


PAPERS    ACCOMl^ANYING    THE 


liatloDS. 

Kentucky • 15,000 

Tennessee WJ.OOO 

Illinois 40,000 

MiHSOiiri 61,000 

Arkansas 43.«:^,000 

Mississippi 'iGo,  000 

Louisiana - 1, 96(3, 000 

Total 3,251,000 

OBSERVATION  AND  EXPLOKATION  IN  THE  ARCTIC   SEAS. 

The  value  of  subsistence  stores  sent  to  the  expeditionary  force  at 
Lady  Franklin  Bay  in  June,  1882,  for  the  use  pf  that  force  for  the  fis- 
cal year  1883,  was  $4,210.03. 

POINT  BAEEOW  EXPEDITION. 

The  value  of  subsistence  stores  sent  in  June,  1882,  for  the  use  of  thi.^ 
expedition  for  the  fiscal  year  1883,  was  $2,968.36. 

LOSSES  OF   STORES  AND  PEOPEETY. 

The  value  of  stores  reported  on  returns  of  subsistence  stores  for  the 
fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 1882,  as  lost  in  transportation  and  no  one 
found  responsible  therefor,  and  as  extraordinary  wastage,  «&c.,  was 
$13,947.10,  being  less  in  amount  by  $8,374.49  than  .the  loss  through  like 
causes  in  the  previous  fiscal  year. 

Value  of  stores  lost  in  transportation  during  tlie  fiscal  year  ending  June 
30,  1882,  where  responsibility  for  the  loss  has  been  fixed,  was $11,683  40 

Amount  collected  and  taken  up  on  officers'  accounts,  or  cov- 
ered into  the  Treasury,  on  above  account,  was $10, 465  31 

Amount  collected  and  not  covered  in 24  48 

10, 489  79 

Balance  to  be  collected $1,193  61 

The  following  is  a  statement  of  the  value  of  stores  reported  lost  by 
theft,  storm,  fire,  &c.,  during  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1882 : 


Where  lost. 


Fort  Keogh,  Montana 

Eu  lout©  to  Foit  A.  Lincoln,  Dakota. 

Eu  route  ou  steamer  Black  Hills  

In  ci'.mpaign  against  Apache  Indians. 
Bo 


Eort  Thornbnrsh  Utah 

En  route  to  Fort  Davis,  Texas 

Fort   Hale,  Dakota 

Fort  Laywai,  Idaho 

En  routi  to  Fort  Brown,  Texas 

En  route  to  Fort  Thoinburgh,  Utah. . 

Fort  Assinniboine,  Montana 

Fcu-t  Keoiih,  Montana 

En  rojteto  Forf  Maginnis,  Montana.. 
In  campaign  against  Apache  Indians. 
At  Eijcky  Point,  Montana 


Total. 


How  lost,  per  re- 
ports. 


By  Are 

By  theft 

By  fire  

Abandoned 

From  pack-mule, 
bv  storm. 

By  theft 

...do 

By  death  (cattle) . 

By  theft 

do 

.      do 

By  storm 

By  tiieft 

do- 

Abantloned 

By  theft 


Date  of  loss. 


Jnlv7,  1881 

About  Dpcembor"^,  1881. 

Julv31,  1881 

In  September,  1881 

In  October,  18S1 


In  Nor.,  1881,  and  Jan.,  1882. 

In  December,  18,-1 

In  Dec.  1881,  and  Jiin.,  1882. 

In  February,  188:; 

In  FebruaiV,  1882 

In  February,  1882 

March  28,  1882 

In  March,  1882 

In  March,  1882 

In  May.  18p2 

Reported  in  May,  1882 


Value. 


$,19  00 

375  00 

c4  40 

79  7.-) 

in   97 

21  45 

3  00 

228  06 

4  75 

5  45 

40  20 

97  3(J 

107  119 

28  00 

4  84 

I2G  .>! 

$1, 416  W 


REPORT    OF   THE    SECRETARY    OF    WAR. 


405 


ISSUES  TO   INDIANS. 

Statement  of  supplies  iasued  to  Indians  and   transferred  to  Indian  agents  during  the  fiscal 

year  ending  June  30,  18c'2. 


Date. 


To  whom  Lssned. 


July,  1881,  to  Janu-iry,  1SS2 

October,  1881,  to  March,  18S2.... 
Xovninbpr,  1881,  to  March,  1882.. 

May.  .Tunc,  1882 

July,  1881 


To  Sioux  Indiau  prisoners  of  war  at  Fort  Buford,  Fort 

Yat<'9,  and  Fort  Kaiidall,  Dakota. 
To  Apacho  Indian  prisoners  bf  war  at  Fort  Lowell,  '■ 

Arizona. 
To  White  Mountain   Apache  Indian  prisoners  of  war  , 

at  Fort  Thomas,  Arizona. 
To  Apache  Indian  pri.soncrs  of  war  at  Fort  Union, 

New  Mexico. 
To  Me.icalero  Indian  pri.soners  of  war  at  Fort  Union, 

Xew  Mexico. 

July,   1881,  to  Jane,  1882 \  To  Indiau  prisoners  of  war  at  various  po.sts  and  of  dif- 

I      ferent  tribes. 


To  destitute  Hnalpai  Indiana  at  Hackberry  and  the 
Willo'vVr''.  Arizonji. 

Tninsfen-ed  to  Indian  Agent  J.  A.  Stephan,  at  Fort 
Yatos,  Dakota. 

Transfericd  t<}  Indian  Agent  N.  W.  Berry,  at  Canton- 
ment on  Cncorapahgre,  Colorado. 

To  Indians  visiting  po.-ts  tinder  Army  Kogolations 
21X2  and  2183; 

September,  1881,  to  June,  1882 I  To  friendly  Indinns 

July,  1881.  to  June,  1882 j  To  destitute  Indians 


December,  1881,  to  March,  1882... 

July,  1881 

August,  1881 

July,  1881,  to  Jannary,  1882 


Total 


Amount. 


$21,832  89 

1,422  90 

1,603  84 

220  80 

257  44 

1, 256  30 

6, 172  78 

2,  460  11 

105  33 

430  25 

f)2  j^ 
1,  32»  43 


$37, 196  72 


Eeimbursement  has  been  re(iuested  of  the  Interior  Department  to  the 
amount  of  $13,563.86  on  account  of  the  issues  to  Sioux  Indian  prisoners, 
and  to  the  value  of  the  issues  (86,172.78)  to  the  destitute  Hualpai  In- 
dians, but  reimbursement  has  not  yet  been  made  in  eitlier  case. 

The  stores  transferred  to  Indian  Agents  Berry  an<l  Stephan,  to  the 
value  of  82,571.49,  have  been  paid  for. 


MISCELLANEOUS  ISSUES  AND  EXPENT)ITURES. 

Dunn  fj  the  year  558  rations  were  issued  to  citizens  in  military  custody, 
and  1,933  rations  were  gratuitously  issued  to  destitute  citizens  at  posts 
on  the  frontiers. 

Subsistence  was  issued  to  volunteers  in  August,  18S1,  at  Ojo  Caliente, 
N.  Mex.,  to  the  value  of  86;  at  Fort  Oraig,  New  Mexico,  821.57  ;  and 
in  September,  1881,  at  Fort  Apache,  Arizona,  $4:2.38;  a  total  of  870.05. 

The  value  of  8U))plie8  inspected  aud  conderaued  during  tlio  year  wa.s f^^lO.  r>,').3  lt» 

Trom  such  of  the  above  as  were  ordered  sold  there  was  realized  the 
sum  of ;;,  449  GU 

Net  loss  on  account  of  supplies  condemned sK{,-20:i  f>ti 

Being  less  in  amount,  by  8643.81,  than  the  net  loss  from  like  causes 
during  the  i)revious  fiscal  year. 

The  number  of  rations  purchased  for  recruits  and  recruiting  jKU'tics 
during  the  year  was  74,118;|,  for  which  836,921.03  were  paid,  being  at 
the  rate  of  40.813  cents  per  ration,  an  increase  of  1.085  cents  per  ration 
over  cost  of  previous  fiscal  year. 

Disbursements  for  liquid  coftee  during  the  year  amounted  to  811 ,302.18 ; 
for  extra  duty  service  of  enlisted  men  detiiiled  for  duty  in  the  Subsist- 
ence Department  at  posts,  813,579.53  ;  for  advertising,  86,813.66. 


406  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 

ACCOUNTS  AND   RETtJRNS. 

There  were  received  (luiin.j^-  llie  fiscal  year  ending  June  .'JO,  1882,  from 
581  otlicors  perforiiiiugdutyin  tlie  JSubsisteiice  l)('])artnient,  the  follow- 
ing accounts  and  returns,  viz : 

Accounts  current 2, 83G 

RctiiruH  ofprovisious 2,228 

Keturus  of  commissury  property yi'J 

Total  i-eceived &,  970 

During  the  same  period  there  were  examined  in  this  office,  and  for- 
warded to  the  Third  Auditor  for  settlement,  the  following: 

Accounts  cunent 3, 114,  accompanied  "by  47,2,%  vouchers. 

Return  of  iirovisions 2, 518,  accompanied  by  37, 028  voiicliers. 

Returns  of  commissary  proi^erty 1,068,  accompanied  by    2, 5r>7  vouchers. 

Total (),  700,  acconiiianied  by  8G,  820  vouchers. 

On  hand  at  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 1882,  awaiting 
examiiiation : 

Accounts  current 24G 

Returns  of  subsistence  stores 227 

Returns  of  subsistence  property - 2 

Total 475 

In  connection  with  the  above  there  were  4,937  letters  written,  and 
1,079  referred  by  endorsements,  and  Sol  papers  copied. 

In  addition  to  the  above,  returns  of  oiiieial  postage  stamps  to  the 
number  of  651,  accompanied  by  1,781  vouchers,  have  been  examined 
and  filed. 

CLAIMS. 

Act  of  July  4:,  1864  (section  300  B,  Revised  Statutes). 

There  were  at  the  commencement  of  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 1882, 
on  file  in  this  ofiice,  awaiting  examination,  1,862  claims  under  the  third 
section  of  the  act  of  July  4, 1804,  and  the  acts  and  joint  resolutions  supple- 
mentary to  said  act ;  during  the  year  15  more  were  received,  making  in 
all  1,877  to  be  acted  Upon.  Formal  decisions  were  rendered  during  this 
period  in  1,161  cases  of  this  class  of  claims.  Of  these,  84,  amounting  to 
$18,279,36,  were  allowed  in  the  sum  of  80,247.67,  and  recommended  to 
the  Third  Auditor  of  the  Treasury  for  payment,  and  1,077,  amounting 
to  $632,717.58,  were  rejected. 

Of  the  number  of  claims  received  under  this  act,  one,  regarded  as  a 
purchase-account,  was  transferred  to  miscellaneous  claims  for  examina- 
tion under  that  class.  There  remained  on  hand  July  1,  1882,  awaiting 
examination  and  decision  under  this  act,  715  claims. 

Joint  resolution  of  July  25,  1806,  and  third  section  of  act  of  March  2, 

1867. 

At  the  commencement  of  the  fiscal  year  there  were  on  file  in  thks 
office  2,346  claims  for  commutation  of  rations  to  Union  soldiers  while 
held  as  prisoners  of  war,  and  during  the  year  1,085  claims  were  received, 
making  a  total  of  3,431  claims  of  this  class  lor  examination,  &c.  Of 
these,  174  were  not  reached  for  examination;  1,338  were  partially  ex- 
amined ;  1,919  examined  and  decided,  of  which  1,131  were  rejected,  ami 
788,  amounting  to  $23,431.25,  were  allowed  and  recommended  to  the 
Third  Auditor  of  the  Treasury  lor  payment.  Besides  this,  0  rejected 
(old)  claims  were  re-examined  upon  additional  evidence  and  again 
rejected. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.         407 

Miscellaneous  claims. 

In  addition  to  cliiims  nnder  the  above-nientioued  special  acts  of  Con- 
gress, there  were  at  the  coiniiienceinent  of  the  liscal  years  491  miscelhi- 
neous  chiims  on  hand,  and  dnrinj;:  the  year  335  chiiras  were  received. 
Of  these  820  claims,  122  were  recommended  for  payment  in  the  agf^re- 
gate  sum  of  $8,030.30 ;  2(H  were  rejected ;  448  were  partially  examined  ; 
and  55  were  not  reached  for  examination.  Besides  these,  20  rejectetl 
(old)  claims  were  re-examined  upon  additional  evidence,  7  of  which, 
amounting  to  $131.72,  were  allowed,  and  13  again  rejected. 

Letters  and  endorsements. 

In  connection  with  the  three  classes  of  claims  above  mentioned,  13,010 
communications  were  sent  out  during  the  year.  Besides  this,  numy 
briefs  of  evidence  and  extended  examinations  of  olUcial  records  were 
made. 

CLERICAL  AND  OTHER  FORCE. 

The  appropriation  for  the  clerical  and  other  force  in  the  office  of  the 
Commissary  General  of  Subsistence,  act  of  August  5,  1882,  is  $43,480, 
and  provides  for  1  ehief  clerk,  1  clerk  of  class  four,  3  clerks  of  class 
three,  4  clerks  of  class  two,  14  clerks  of  class  one,  9  clerks,  at  $1,000 
each,  1  assistant  messenger,  2  watchmen,  and  2  laborers  ;  a  total  of  37. 

I  recommend  that  this  force  be  re-graded,  in  the  appropriation  act  for 
the  liscal  year  1884,  as  follows :  1  clTief  clerk,  2  clerks  of  class  foul*,  3 
clerks  of  class  three,  4  clerks  of  class  two,  11  clerks  of  class  one,  10 
clerks  of  class  $1,000, 1  messenger,  1  assistant  messenger,  2  watchmen, 
and  2  laborers ;  a  total  of  37.  I  make  this  recommendation  in  the  in- 
terests of  the  public  service,  and  hope  it  may  meet  the  favorable  con- 
sideration of  Congress.  It  makes  no  change  in  tlie  total  force,  involves 
an  increase  of  the  appropriation  of  only  $40,  and  will  give  needed 
grading  to  deserving  employes  of  this  ofiice. 

CO:vnknSSARY-SERGEANTS. 

There  were,  on  June  30, 1882,  one  hundred  and  forty-five  commissary- 
sergeants  stationed  at  the  various  military  posts  throughout  the  coun- 
try. Each  of  them  renders  to  this  office,  monthly,  a  i)ersonal  report, 
which  is  lorwiirded  through  the  post  commissary  under  whom  he  is 
serving,  and  whose  emlorsement  thereon  shows  whether  the  commissary- 
sergeant  has  iuo])erly  performed  his  duties  during  the  month.  As  in- 
dicated by  these  reports,  the  sergeants,  with  very  fewexce])tions,  have 
rendered  efficient  service,  i^erformed  their  duties  faith fulh',  and  gen- 
erally conducted  themselves  in  a  satisfactory  manner. 

DUTIES  AND   STATIONS  OF  OFFICERS   OF  THE  SUBSISTENCE  DEPART- 

BIENT. 

During  the  yenr  the  officers  of  the  Department  have  been  actively 
employed,  and  have  ])erfbrmed  Ihe  duties  to  which  they  were  assigned 
Avilli  their  accust(niied  /.eal  and  elliciency.  Their  duties  and  stations 
on  the  7th  of  October,  1882,  will  api)ear  from  the  roster  hereto  a[)- 
pended. 

Very  respectfullv,  your  obedient  servant, 

K.  MACFEELY, 
Commhsaryii  cneral  of  ^Subsistence. 
The  Secretary  of  War. 


408  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


REPORT  OF  THE  SURGEON-GENERAL. 

War  Department, 
Suegeon-General's  Office, 

Washington,  October  1,  1882. 

Sir  :  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  the  following  sttitement  of  finances 
and  general  transactions  of  the  Medical  Department  of  the  Army  for 
the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1882 : 

FIXAKCIAL  STATEMENT. 

Medical  and  Hospital  Department,  1880 : 

Balance  from  previous  fiscal  year $3,292  06 

Deduct  amount  deposited  October  30,  1880,  by  Captain 
Henry  Johnson,  M.  S.  K.,  U.  S.  A.,  with  the  assistant 
treasurer  at  San  Francisco,  and  through  a  clerical  error 

in  previous  statement  reported  as  still  in  his  hands 254  72 

$:?,007  34 

Refunded  during  the  year 21  50 

Total  to  be  accounted  for 3,028  84 

Disbursed  during  the  year $391  70 

Carried  to  the  surplus  fund 2, 637  14 

3, 028  84 

Medical  and  Hospital  Department,  1861 : 

Balance  from  previous  fiscal  year 57,  l05  43 

Refunded  during  the  year 14G  64 

Total  to  be  accounted  for 57,252  07 

Disbursed  during  the  year 56,  b'M  48 

Balance  June  30,  1882 652  59 

Medical  and  Hospital  Department,  1882 : 

Appropriated  by  act  of  February  24,  1881 200,000  00 

Received  for  supplies  sold 14,  406  10 

Recovered  for  property  lost 13  08 

Total  to  be  accounted  for 214,419  18 

Disbursed  during  the  year 182, 409  80 

Balance  June  30,  1882 — required  for  the  settlement  of  unpaid 
bills 32,009  38 

Artificial  limbs,  1877: 

Balance  from  previous  fiscal  year 3, 476  90 

Drawn  from  the  Treasury  by  transfer  warrant 8  95 

3, 485  85 

Disbursed  during  the  year §8  95 

Carried  to  the  surplus  fund 3,476  90 

3. 485  85 


Artificial  limbs,  1878 : 

Balance  from  previous  fiscal  year §1,901  77 

Carried  to  the  surplus  fund 1,901  /< 

Artificial  limbs,  1879: 

Balance  from  previous  fiscal  year 30, 869  81 

Carried  to  the  surplus  fund 30, 869  81 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.         409 

Artificial  limbs,  1880 : 

Balance  from  pixnious  fiscal  year S39, 815  10 

Disbnrsed  durinfj  tho  yt-ax S54  32 

Carried  to  tlic  surplus  fund 49,859  90 

49,914  22 

Balance  June  30, 1882 9,900  94 

Artificial  limbs,  1381-: 

Balance  from  i)rovious  fiscal  year 29,958  71 

Disbursed  during  the  year 26,688  90 

Balance  June  30, 1^882 3,209  81 

Artificial  limbs,  1882 : 

Appropriatedby  act  of  March  3,  1831 175,000  00 

Disbursed  during  the  year 102,0f^l  15 

Balance  Jnne30,1882 72,918  &5 

Appliances  for  disabled  soldiers,  1879  : 

Balance  from  prcvioue  fiscal  year 2, 8S7  00 

Carried  to  tlie  surplus  funcl 2, 887  00 

Appliances  for  disabled  soldiers;  1880  : 

Balance  from  previous  fiscal  year 710  CO 

Carried  to  the  surplus  fund 710  00 

Appliances  for  disabled  soldiers,  1881 : 

Balance  from  previous  fiscal  year 2,470  00 

Disbursed  during  the  year 107  00 

Balance  June  30,  1882 2,36;t  00 

Appliances  for  disabled  soldiers,  1882: 

Appro])riated  by  act  of  iVIarch  3,  1881 3,000  00 

Disbursed  during  the  year 250  00 

Balance  June  30,  1882 2,750  00 

Medical  and  Surgical  History  : 

Balance  from  previous  fiscal  year 13,  S.?-^  15 

Disbursed  during  the  year 4, 288  00 

Balance  Juno  30,  1882 9,100  15 

Museum  and  Library,  1881 : 

Balance  frt»m  ])rt!vious  fiscal  year 619  86 

Disbursed  during  the  year 619  80 

Museum  and  Library,  1882 : 

Appro])riated  by  act  of  February  24,  1881 10, 000  00 

Disbursed  during  the  year J^.  715  7*^ 

Balance  June  30,  1882 — required  for  tlic  soltlfuicnt  of  unpaid 
bills 1,284  22 

Expentled  i«  providing  tmsses  for  ruptnn  d  soldiers,  se.amcn,  ai\d  inariiies 
under  sections  117G  to  117^:,  IJiviscd  }>t.iiiitrs.  t-xtendtd  bv  act  of  March 
3,1879 '. ■- 5,057  08 


410  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

There  were  furnished  during  the  fiscal  yciir : 
In  Idud : 

Trusses 702 

Artiflfial  lojjs 12<J 

Artificial  fvct 2 

Apparatus  for  legn 4 

Artificial  anna 1 G 

Artilicial  hands 1 

Coirniuted : 

Artificial  legs 42^ 

Artificial  leit l'> 

Apiiaratus  for  legs 22.') 

Artificial  arms CGrf 

Artificial  hands 'A 

Appatatus  for  arms 376 

HEALTH    OF    THE    AEMY    DURING    THE    FISCAL  YEAR    ENDING  JUNE 

30,  1882. 

The  monllily  reports  of  sick  and  woiMided  received  at  tliis  office  up 
to  September  8  represent  an  average  mean  atreut>tli  of  20,778  lirhite, 
2j265  colored  troops,  and  245  Indian  scouts. 

Among*  tlie  white  troops  the  total  number  of  cases  of  all  kinds  taken 
on  the  sick  list  was  34,880,  being  at  the  rate  of  1,079  per  1 ,000  of  mean 
strength. 

Of  this  number,  30,353,  or  1,401  per  1,000  of  strength,  were  taken  on 
sick  rei)ort  for  disease,  and  4,527,  or  218  per  1,000  of  strength,  for 
wounds,  accidents,  and  injuries  of  all  kinds. 

The  average  number  constantly  on  sick  repOTt  during  the  year  was 
942,  or  45  per  1,000  of  mean  strength. 

Of  these,  762,  or  37  per  1,000  of  strength,  were  constantly  under  treat- 
ment for  disease,  and  180,  or  8  per  1,000  of  strength,  for  wounds,  acci- 
dents, and  injuries. 

The  total  number  of  deaths  from  all  causes  reported  among  the  white 
troops  was  216,  or  10  per  1,000  of  mean  strength.  Of  these,  141,  or  7 
per  1,000  of  strength,  died  of  disease,  and  75,  or  3  per  1,000  of  strength, 
of  wounds,  accidents,  and  injuries. 

The  proiiortiou  of  deaths  from  all  causes  to  cases  treated  was  1  to 
101. 

The  total  number  of  white  soldiers  reported  to  have  been  discharged 
the  service  on  "  surgeon's  certiticate  of  disability  "  was  848,  or  41  per 
1,000  of  mean  strength. 

Among  the  colored  troops  the  total  number  of  cases  of  all  kinds  re- 
ported was  4,090,  ov  1,810  per  1,000  of  mean  strength. 

Of  these,  3,481,  or  1,537  per  1,000  of  strength,  were  cases  of  disease, 
and  018,  or  273  per  1,000  of  strength,  were  wounds,  accidents,  and 
injuries. 

The  average  number  constantly  on  sick  report  was  100,  or  44  per 
1,000  of  strength  ;  of  whom  77,  or  34  per  1,000  of  strength,  were  under 
treatment  for  disease,  and  23,  or  10  per  1,000  of  strength,  for  wounds, 
accidents,  and  injuries. 

The  total  number  of  deaths  of  colored  soldiers  reported  from  all  causes 
was  25,  or  11  per  1,000  of  mean  strength.  Of  these,  10,  or  7  per  1,000  of 
strength,  died  of  disease,  and  9,  or  4  per  1,000  of  strength,  of  wounds, 
accidents,  and  injuries. 

The  proportion  of  deaths  from  all  causes  to  cases  treated  was  1  to 
1G4. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.         411 

The  total  number  of  colored  soldiers  reported  to  have  been  discharged 
on  "  surgeon's  certificate  of  disability"  was  98,  or  43  i»er  1,000  of  mean 
strength. 

The  total  number  of  oases  rojiorted  among  the  Indian  scouts  was  50; 
being  at  the  rate  of  2L't)  per  1,000  of  mean  strength. 

Of  these  43  were  cases  of  disease  and  13  of  wounds,  accidents,  and 
injnries. 

The  total  number  of  doatlis  was  9  ;  4  from  disease  and  5  from  wounds. 

JJuring  the  past  liscal  yetir  :.^,003  monthly  reports  of  sick  and  wounded 
have  been  received  from  the  medical  officers  in  charge  of  the  various 
posts  and  stations. 

Tiiese  have  been  examined,  consolidated  on  statistical  sheets  for  use. 
and  the  deaths  and  discharges  entered  in  the  appropriate  alphabetical 
registers. 

Nine  hundred  and  fifty-five  rei)orts  of  the  medical  examination  of  re- 
cruits were  received  and  tiled,  and  823  monthly  meteorological  reports 
were  received  from  medical  officers  and  transmitted  to  the  Chief  Signal 
Officer  of  the  Army  for  his  use. 

WOTlIv  PERFORMED   IN   THE   RECORD   AND   PENSION  DIVISION. 

The  total  number  of  official  demands  upon  this  division  during  the  fiscal 
year,  for  information  as  to  the  cause  of  death  in  the  case  of  decreased  sol- 
diers and  the  hospital  record  of  invalids  was  01,030,  being  0,51)0  in  excess 
of  similar  apjjlications  during  the  previous  year.  Twenty-one  thousand 
four  hunched  Jind  eight  ajiidications  remained  unanswered  on  the  fiist  of 
July,  1881,  mnking  in  all  83,038  to  be  disposed  of  during  the  year.  Of  the 
new  cases,  59,100  were  from  the  Commissioner  of  I'ensions,  2,209  from 
the  Adjutant-General  of  the  Army,  and  255  from  miscellaneous  sources. 
Search  has  been  made  and  rei)lies  furnished  to  the  proi)er  authorities  in 
01,097  cases.  Of  these,  58,092  were  to  the  Commissioner  of  I'ensions, 
2,180  to  the  Adjutant-General  of  the  Army,  and  201  to  niiscellaneous 
applicants,  leaving  21 ,959  unsearched  cases.  As  this  is  an  excess  of  only 
55L  cases  over  the  nund)er  remaining  on  hand  at  the  date  of  njy  last 
report,  it  will  bi'  seen  that  although  the  office  has  not  been  able  to 
make  any  pennancnt  decrease  in  the  number  accumulated  during  i)re- 
vious  years,  it  has  proved  itself  comi)etent  to  dciil  with  an  increase  of 
20,000  cases  over  that  of  the  last  fiscal  year,  and  has  very  nearly  kept 
pace  with  the  increased  requirenu'Uts  ot  the  Pension  Ofiice. 

Since  tlie  addition  to  tlie  clerical  foiee  engaged  ujton  i)ension  work 
in  this  office  i)ro\  ided  by  the  act  of  ]March  3, 1881,  and  mentioned  in  the 
last  rei)ort  of  the  Surgeon-General,  there  has  been  not  oidya  consider- 
able increase  in  tbe  aggregate  nund)er  of  re])orls  furnished  to  the  Com- 
missioner of  l'e:isions,  but  it  is  jiratii'ving  to  lie  enabled  to  report  an  in- 
crease in  the  number  of  cases  that  have  been  disposed  of  by  the  mean 
number  ol"  clerks  exclusively  emi)lo.ve(l  upon  the  technical  work  ol' 
seai'ching  the  iios|«ital  rec()rds.  This  iu<'reasc  has  risen  fully  Xi  per 
cent,  over  and  abo\('  the  average  luuuber  <»r  cases  searched  «'ach  day 
by  the  sam(^  Ibice  during  the  lU'evious  year;  and  eonsidi-riug  the  fad 
that  the  men  employed  exhibit  every  deisi-e  of  u-t>titude  in  learning  tiiis 
peculiar  and  diiiicult  W(uk,  the  Jiiinies  will  serve  to  illustrate  that  with 
a  new  force  only  a  gradual  ac(|uisiiion  of  skill  is  to  be  antit-ipatcd,  and 
that  a  proper  degree  of  accuracy  and  celerity  is  attained  only  by  great 
familiarity  with  these  hospital  records,  supi)lemented  by  a  siKH-ial  and 
often  i)rotracted  course  of  training. 

I  would  also  refer  in  this  connection  to  a  progressive  increase  in  the 


412  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

tlifiienlt.v  of  senrcli  for  lecord  ol"  the  hospital  treatment  of  soldiers  who 
served  in  the  late  war.  As  time  elapses  claimants  appeiir  to  be  more 
than  evei'  nnnble  to  fnrnish  definite  information  c.oncA'Vulu'^  the  date 
;ind  place  of  their  treatment.  Tliere  is  mnch  evidence  at  hand  to  estab- 
lish the  fact  tliat  tliis  difhculty  does  not  arise  from  defective  memory 
alone.  It  is  to  bo  regretted  that  there  is  too  often  a  manifest  failure 
on  the  ])art  of  those  preparing  declarations  for  pensions  in  pressing  in- 
quiries n])on  these  important  i)oints,  as  it  is  the  cause  of  much  of  the 
(ielay  hitherto  cliarged  to  this  office. 

increasing  demand  for  replies  to  the  Commissioner  of  Pensions  has 
heretofore  prevented  the  detail  of  any  sufficient  number  of  clerks  ui)on 
the  very  important  work  of  copying  the  large  number  of  worn  and  muti- 
lated records  now  on  hand  and  rapidly  accumulating.  AVith  the  pros- 
pective addition  to  the  clerical  force,  it  is  intended  tliat  this  work 
shall  at  once  be  taken  up,  and  the  jireservation  of  evidence  contained 
in  these  important  volumes  be  made  secure  by  their  duplication,  so  far 
as  may  bo  practicable  and  consistent  with  the  object  for  which  the  in- 
crease of  force  is  ])rovided,  viz,  the  final  adjudication  of  all  pension 
claims  within  a  limited  number  of  years. 

One  hundred  and  thirty -nine  volumes  of  hospital  records  were  re- 
ceived from  discontinued  posts,  commands,  and  other  sources  during 
the  year,  making  the  total  number  of  such  volumes  on  file,  18,222. 
The  classification  of  these  records  is  complete,  and  the  hospital  desig- 
nation, description  of  contents,  and  period  covered  by  every  book  is 
recorded  in  a  series  of  State,  army  corps,  and  department  indexes, 
numbering  60  volumes.  The  wear  upon  these  indexes  has  been  so 
rapid  that  it  has  become  necessary,  by  means  of  numerous  hektograph 
copies,  to  insure  their  preservation.  Twenty-two  volumes,  15  cox)ies  to 
oa<ih,  have  already  been  made,  and  the  remainder  will  probably  be 
completed  during  the  coming  fiscal  year. 

The  subject  of  a  complete  alphabetical  index  of  all  names  borne  on 
the  records  of  this  ofQco  has  been  under  consideration  for  several  years, 
but  after  mature  deliberation  it  is  concluded  that  the  task  is  impossible 
of  accomplishment  without  an  entire  suspension  of  all  ordinary  busi- 
ness. 

At  such  time  as  the  proper  men  could  be  spared,  a  special  examina- 
tion, with  the  view  of  enumerating  the  names  borne  on  records-in-chief, 
has  been  undertaken.  Of  registers  of  sick  and  wounded,  including  pre- 
scription books  that  embrace  dates  not  otherwise  covered,  there  have  been 
examined  and  counted  4,547  volumes,  which  represent,  in  part  only,  the 
records  of  1,461  general,  post,  field,  and  miscellaneous  hospitals,  and 
765  regimental  hospitals.  On  these  registers-in-chief  there  already  have 
been  enumerated  7,413,847  names  of  sick,  wounded,  and  deceased  sol- 
diers. And  when  it  is  considered  that  these  are  contained  in  less  than 
one-fourth  of  the  number  of  volumes  known  to  be  on  file,  the  magnitude 
of  the  work  projected  will  be  more  justly  ax)preciated.  That  something 
has  been  accomplished  in  this  direction,  the  following  figures  will  defi- 
nitely show;  but  it  is  work  that  was  commenced  before  the  close  of  the 
war,  and  has  continued  at  varying  intervals  up  to  date:  One  million 
one  hundred  and  seventy -two  thousand  one  hundred  and  twenty-two 
names  are  now  arranged  in  alphabetical  order;  1,287,504  are  indexed; 
146,920  are  partially  indexed;  534,507  names  are  arranged  in  the  order 
of  States  or  regimen.ts,  and  79,559  in  order  of  companies,  making  a  grand 
total  of  3,220,612  names  that  may  be  said  to  be  filed  in  convenient  shape 
for  every-day  reference. 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    WAR.  413 

DIVISION   OF  SURGICAL,  RECORDS. 

In  the  division  of  surjiical  leeords  tlio  principal  work  lias  embraced 
the  examination  of  the  sur<:i(;al  reports  of  medical  ollicers  of  the  Army, 
their' acknowledgment  and  clas.silication,  aud  the  ru.uistration  of  tlu' 
data  contained  in  the  same  :  Ihe  (;orre8poiidt*nc«!  i»erlaiidii<4'  to  the  Armv 
Medical  Museum,  aud  the  coutinuiition  of  the  puhlicatiou  of  the  'third 
Surj^ical  Voluuie  of  the  ]\ledical  and  Surgical  Historv  of  the  War. 

Wouuds,  accidents,  and  iujuries  to  the  number  of  5,1  o<S  were  recorded 
in  Class  V  of  tbe  monthly  rejwrts  of  sick  and  wounded  duriuj;-  the  lis- 
cal  year  ending  June  30, 1882,  in  a  mean  strength  of  the  Arn*y  of  23,288 ; 
89  deaths  from  wounds  received  in  action  or  from  other  vioU-nt  causes 
were  reported,  a  proportion  of  3.8  per  1,000  of  the  mean  strength. 

Two  thousaiul  and  sixty-six  surgical  reports  were  received  from  medi- 
cal officers  in  charge  of  post  hospitals  or  detachments  of  the  Arm}'  in 
the  field  or  expeditions  against  hostile  Indians;  1,580  were  regular 
quarterly  reports,  10  were  reports  of  casualties  received  iu  action,  33 
were  speciiil  rei>orts,  and  '4-13  were  of  a  7uiscellaneous  nature. 

Classified  returns  of  Avounds  and  injuries,  together  with  lists  of 
wounded,  were  received  of  ten  engagements  with  hostile  Indians,  iji 
which  28  soldiers  were  killed  and  22  wounded,  as  follows: 

1.  At  Carrisso  Canon,  IN".  Mex.,  August  12,  1881,  Company  K,  Xinth 
Cavalry,  in  a  fight  with  Indians,  had  2  men  killed  and  3  men  wounded; 
the  casualties  were  reported  by  Acting  Assist.  Surg.  F.  S.  Denwey. 

2.  In  a  skirmish  with  Indians  at  Cuchillo  Negro,  N.  Mex.,  August  15, 
1881,  2  privates  of  Company  I,  Ninth  Cavalry,  wei'e  reported  wounded 
by  Acting  Assist.  Surg.  M.  G.  Cockey. 

3.  On  August  19,  1881,  a  tight  occurred  at  Cavalaus  Caiion,  45  miles 
southeast  of  Fort  Bayard,  N.  Mex.,  between  Apache  Indians  and  a  de- 
tachment of  4:4  men  of  Companies  B  and  II,  Ninth  Cavalry.  ^Vssist. 
Surg.  C.  E.  Munn  reports  that  Lieut.  G.  W.  Smith,  commanding  the  de- 
tachment, aud  3  enlisted  men  were  killed,  aud  3  enlisted  men  were 
wounded. 

4.  Assist.  Surg.  George  McCreery,  whose  gallant  and  meritorious  con- 
duct in  the  fiekl  received  especial  official  notice,  reports  that  Col.  Eugene 
A.  Carr,  Sixth  Cavalry,  with  5  commissioned  officers,  79  enlisted  men 
of  Companies  E  and  1),  Sixth  Cavalry,  73  men  of  Company  A.  Indian 
scouts,  and  the  post  i»ack  train,  left  Fort  Apache,  Ariz.,  on  August  29, 1881, 
to  arrest  t  he  nu'di('iju!i  man.  Nock-ay-del- klin-ne.  On  theeveniug  of  August 
30,  wheif  the  command  was  going  into  cam[)  at  Cibicu  Creek,  the  Indian 
com])any,  with  other  Coyotero  Apaches,  fired  into  the  troops,  killing 
Capt.  E.  C.  Hentig  and  3  ])rivates  of  Com])any  1),  Sixth  Cavidry,  and 
mortally  wounding  3  other  privates  of  the  same  company  ;  a  ser- 
geant and  a  ])rivato  also  received  severe  fleMi  wountls.  The  3  men 
mortally  wounde<l  died  on  the  day  of  tlx;  injury.  Comi)any  A,  Indian 
Scouts,  aft<M'  firing  into  tlu;  troops  deserted  to  the  enemy. 

5.  .Vssist.  Surg.  McCreory  repoi'ts  that  a  i)rivateof  Company  D,  Sixth 
Cavahy,  and  2  privates  of  Cotni^my  1>,  Twelfth  Infantry,  were  mur- 
dered by  Indians  near  Fort  Apaehe.  Ariz.,  while  returning  from  Ilhuk 
liiver,  on  (»r  about  September  1,  1881,  and  that  in  a  skirmish  with  In- 
dians, at  Fort  Apache,  on  Sej)tember  I,  Lieut.  C.  G.  (iordou,  tSixth  Ca\- 
alry,  was  wounded. 

0.  Act.  Assist.  Surg.  A.  S.  Adler  n^ported  that  in  a  figlit  with  Chiri- 
cahua  Indians,  near  Cedar  Si)rings,  Ariz.,  on  October  2,  1881,  a  sergeant 
of  Comjtany  F,  Sixth  Cavalry,  was  kiMed,  and  a  private  of  the  same 
troop,  and  2  privates  of  Comi)any  G,  First  Cavalry,  were  wounded.    A 


414  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

report  from  Assist.  Surg.  J.  B.  Girard  jcives  as  additional  casualties  of 
this  enftaj>emeiit:  3  privates  of  tlie  Sixth  Cavalry,  ami  1  i)rivate  of, 
Company  B,  Eighth  Infantry,  killed  by  the  Indians  ^vhile  repairing  the 
military  telegraph  line  between  Cedar  Springs  and  Fort  Grant,  Ariz., 
on  October  L',  1881. 

7.  Acting  Assist.  Surg.  W.  Whitney  reports  that  in  an  engagement 
between  United  States  troops  and  Apache  Indians,  near  Sontli  Pass, 
Dragoon  Mountains,  Ariz.,  on  October  4,  1881,  3  privates  of  Company 
F,  Ninth  Cavalry,  and  an  Indian  scout  were  wounded. 

8.  On  April  23,  1882,  at  Horse  Shoe  Canon,  Ariz.,  in  a  fight  between 
Troops  C  a^id  G,  Fourth  Cavalry,  and  hostile  Indians,  1  private  of 
Company  C  was  killed,  and  a  sergeant  of  Company  C  and  a  private  of 
Company  G  "were  wounded.  The  sergeant's  wound  i)rovcd  fatal  on 
April  25.    Acting  Assist.  Surg.  W.  Whitney  reported  the  casualties. 

9.  In  an  engagement  between  the  first  battalion  of  the  Fourth  Cav- 
alry and  a  body  of  Indians  at  Stein's  Peake  Kange,  N.  i\Iex.,  April  23, 
1882,  4  Indian  scouts  were  killed  and  2  privates  of  Company  IT,  Fourth 
Cavalry,  were  wounded.  Acting  Assist.  Surg.  M.  G.  Cockey,  who  ac- 
companied the  troops,  remarks  that  "the  bodies  of  the  4  Indian  scouts 
were  so  badly  burned  by  the  hostiles  that  it  was  impossible  to  find  out 
the  location  of  their  wounds,  although  I  examined  them  closely.'' 

10.  Acting  Assist.  Surg.  W.  C.  Bruus  reports  that  a  private  of  Com- 
pany M,  Sixth  Cavalry,  was  killed  and  another  wounded  in  an  engage- 
ment with  Indians  at  Hatchet  Mountain,  Ariz.,  April  28,  1882. 

Ten  thousand  one  hundred  and  sixty-eight  cases  of  injuries  and  op- 
erations reported  in  the  Army  since  the  publication  of  Circular  No.  3, 
War  Department,  Surgeon-General's  Office,  Washington,  August  17, 
1871,  had  been  collected  tvt  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 
1881.  To  these  have  been  added  921  cases,  viz,  114  injuries  of  the 
head,  3G  of  the  face,  11  of  the  neck,  151  of  the  trunk,  167  of  the  upper 
extremities,  124  of  the  lower  extremities,  138  simple  fractures,  luxa- 
tions, and  sin-ains,  and  180  miscellaneous  injuries,  making  a  total  of 
11,089  cases,  namely,  2,613  injuries  of  the  head,  392  of  the  face,  80  of 
the  neck,  804  of  the  trunk,  1,933  of  the  upper  extremities,  1,274  of  the 
loAver  extremities,  2,691  simple  fractures,  luxations,  and  sprains,  and 
1,302  miscellaneous  injuries. 

,  In  86G  cases  of  injuries  received  during  the  war,  additional  informa- 
tion in  regar(lto  remote  results  has  been  collected  in  the  Pension  Office. 
In  2,323  instances,  information  from  casualty  lists  and  reports  of  opera- 
tions has  been  furnished  in  cases  of  applications  for  pensions. 

PKOPERTY    DIVISION. 

Medical  and  Jiospiial  supplies. — The  money  value  of  the  medical  and 
hospital  supplies  issued  during  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1882, 
was  $181,333.80. 

Owing  to  reductions  heretofore  made  by  the  Committee  on  Appropri- 
ations from  the  amounts  estimated  by  the  Surgeon-General  as  required 
for  the  Medical  and  Hospital  Department  of  the  Army,  it  has  been  neces- 
sary to  issue  for  use  certain  medical  and  hospital  sni>plies  left  over  from 
the'^stock  on  hand  at  the  close  of  the  war  of  the  rebellion,  which  have  to 
a  greater  or  less  extent  deteriorated  by  age,  and,  though  innocuous,  are 
of  very  uncertain  strength  and  therefore  not,  in  the  iiroper  sense,  fit 
for  issue.  Even  this  expedient  will  not  avail  and  cannot  be  depended 
on  in  the  future,  as  these  supplies  are  now  exhausted  by  issues  and 
must   be  replaced  by  purchases.    An  increase  of  $50,000  over  the 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.         415 

amount  usually  appropriated  lor  this  purpose  \vill  be  required  during 
the  fiscal  year  ending  June  oO,  1884,  an<l  e><tin^ate  of  appropriations 
will  therefore  be  submitted  in  the  sum  of  $250,000 ;  which  amount,  it  is 
thought,  will  be  barely  sullicient  to  meet  the  necessities  of  the  service 
during  the  year,  ami  which  1  resi)ectfully  and  urgently  request  may  be 
allowed. 

CSTATKMENT  OF   CLEKICAL  WOHK.) 

Letters  received,  recorded,  and  indexed 4,596 

InJorsenients  written •- H,  'H*^ 

Indoreetueuts  recorded  and  indexed oSl 

Indorsements  charged 1,765 

Letters  written 2,041 

Letters  recorded  and  indexed 2, 041 

Accounts-current  recorded,  exaniincd,  and  forwarded  to  the  accounting  oOicers 

of  tbe  Treasury , 85 

Abstracts  of  disliursenieuts,  and  vouchers  i)ertaiuing  to  same,  recorded  in  de- 
tail and  examined 1,224 

Subronchers,  pertaiinn^  to  same,  examined 768 

Accounts  and  claims  lor  medical  attendance  and  medicines  for  sick  of  the 

Army 307 

War  claims  examined,  acted  upon,  and  transmitted  to  the  Second  Auditor  for 

the  action  of  the  accounting  officers  of  the  Treasury' 59 

Accounts  of  sales  examined  and  forwarded  to  the  Second  Auditor 80 

Certificates  of  deposit  recorded  and  transmitted  to  Secretary  of  the  Treasury..  til 
"Weekly  statement  of  public  funds  recorded  and  forwarded  to  Treasurer  of  the 

United  States  for  certiliwitiou 256 

Post  hospital  returns  examined  and  settled 411 

War  returns  examined  and  settled 17 

Purveying  depot  returns  examined  and  settled 11 

Post  hospital  returns  examined  and  suRpended 17 

Purveying  depot  returns  examined  and  suspended 4 

Certificates  of  non-indebtedness  sent 41 

Post  hospital  retiirns  recorded - 422 

War  returns  recorded 17 

Post  hospital  returns  prepared 11 

War  returns  prepared 7 

Certificates  of  correctness  sent 422 

Settled  returns  scheduled,  Jaheled,  numbered,  recorded,  and  filed 1,867 

Statement  prepared  showing  the  am»unt  of  medical  and  hospital  property 
issued  from  purveying  depots  to  post  hospitals  during  the  fiscal  year,  folio 

pages 59 

Examinations  of  projiorty  papers  for  reports  made  on  inquiry  cards,  from  ad- 
ministrative and  miscellaneous  branch 789 

TRUSSES. 

In  carrying  out  the  laws  for  furnishing  trusses  some  cases  of  hard- 
shi])  are  found.  Piasons  who  held  commissions  as  officers  and  all  per- 
sons who  were  disabled  ])revious  to  the  Avar  for  the  suppression  of  the 
rebellion  are  absolutely,  and  those  disabled  subsequently  to  this  war 
are,  practically,  excluded  from  the  benelits  of  these  laws,  although 
these  i)erson8  are  ])ensioned  on  account  of  hernia. 

It  is  desirable  that  the  issue  of  trusses  shall  correspond  to  the  issue 
i>f  artificial  limbs,  as  was  probably  the  intention  of  Congress,  that  is, 
that  a  truss  shall  be  furnished  to  every  one  who  is  ruptured  in  the  line 
of  his  duty  while  serving  in  the  Army  or  Xavy. 

LIBRARY. 

TIk'  library  of  this  office  is  devoted  entirely  to  medicine  and  its 
branches,  no  purchases  being  miule  of  books  belonging  to  general  or 
miscellaneous  literature.  The  works  in  it  are  not  duplicated  in  any 
other  library  in  Washington,  excepting  only  those  copyright  American 


416  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

medical  books  of  which  specimens  are  deposited  with  the  Lil)rary  of 
Conjiress.  Many  of  these  are  also  presented  to  this  library,  so  that  this 
small  djii)li('ati()ii  causes  very  little  expense.  Xo  advantage  would 
accrue  from  mcrj;ing  this  library  with  any  other;  its  size  and  impor- 
tance and  (he  demands  made  upon  it  beini;  such  as  to  require  the  serv- 
ices of  a  specially  skilled  medical  officer  lo  make  it  as  useful  as  it  should 
be,  and  to  preserve  for  it  the  interest  or  the  medical  profession  of  tlu^ 
country,  to  which  much  of  its  completeness  is  dlie. 

The  additions  to  the  library  during  the  past  year  include  about  3,200 
volumes  and  3,500  pamphlets,  n)aking  the  total  number  in  the  collec- 
tion about  57,000  volumes  and  03,700  paniphlets. 

The  printing  of  volume  III  of  the  Index  Catalogue  has  been  com- 
pleted and  the  edition  distributed.  This  volume  ends  with  the  end  of 
letter  J).  The  manuscript  of  volume  IV,  which  will  include  the  letter 
E  and  part  of  F,  is  nearly  ready,  and  the  first  part  of  it  is  now  going 
to  press.  The  use  of  the  library  by  the  medical  profession  throughout 
the  country  is  steadily  increasing,  and  the  requests  for  information 
made  upon  it  involve  much  research  and  extensive  corresiMjndence. 
Over  three  hundred  such  requests  were  received  during  the  year,  ccxm- 
ing  from  all  parts  of  the  United  States,  and  the  total  number  of  letters 
sent  from  this  branch  alone  was  over  1,000. 

An  estimate  has  been  forwarded  for  printing  volume  V  of  the  Index 
Catalogue,  and  it  is  specially  desirable  that  this  appropriation  be 
granted  in  order  that  no  delay  may  occur  in  the  issue  of  this  work,  the 
practical  value  and  utility  of  which  becomes  more  and  more  apparent 
as  successive  volumes  are  published. 

AE3iy  IMEDICAL  3ITJSBUM. 

Surgical  eection. 

Specimens  in  the  museum,  Jtily  1,  1681 7,075 

Specimens  iuthe  museum,  July  1,  1^82 - , 7, 130 

Increase  during  the  year 55 

Medical  section. 

Specimens  in  the  museum,  July  I,  1881 - 1,570 

Si)c,cim*u8  ia  the. museum,  July  1,  1882 1,615 

Increase  during  the  year 45 

Microscopical  section. 

Specimens  in  the  museum,  July  1,  1381 8,471 

Specimens  in  the  museum,  July  1,  1882 8,400 

Increase  duiing  the  year IS 

Anatomcal  section. 

Specimens  in  the  museum,  July  1,  1881 » 2,121 

Specimens  in  the  museum,  July  1,  1882 2, 13"^ 

Increase  duiing  the  year 1~ 

Section  of  comparative  anatomy. 

Si)ecimen8  in  the  musei'.m,  July  1 ,  1881 - 2, 44^ 

Sijecimens  iu  the  museum,  July  1,  1882 2,467 

Increase  during  the  year 19 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    WAR.  417 

2Ii8ceUane(ms  neciion. 

Specimens  in  the  niuseiiui,  July  1,  ISSl 707 

iSpecimeus  in  the  museum,  July  1,  l."i82 ; 724 

Specimens  received 20 

Specimens  transfcired :? 

Iucrcii.se  during  the  year 17 

The  contributors  to  the  Army  Medical  Musenm  were  y  siirf;eons,  i^i 
assistant  surgeons,  1  medical  storekeeper.  C  actiuir  assistant  surg(jons, 
2  liospital  stewards,  an<l  45  civilians. 

Durinj*-  the  fiscal  year  ending  Jane  oO,  1882, 13,250  visitors  registered 
at  the  Army  ^Medical  JMuseum. 

Surgical . History  of  the  War  of  the  KeheUion. — Ninety-eight  drawings 
on  wood,  1)8  engravings,  2  chrumo-lithographs,  and  1  black  and  wliite 
lithograph  were  prei)ared  for  the  third  surgical  volume  of  the  Medical 
»nd  Surgical  Ilistoiy  of  the  AVar,  and  107  jiagcs  of  this  volume  were 
completed,  advancing  the  work  from  page  o6o  to  702,  inclusive.  The 
manuscript  of  this  volume  is  now  suliiciently  advanced  to  allow  the 
volume  to  be  completed  and  laid  before  Congress  during  the  coming 
session  if  no  unforeseen  delay  in  the  printing  occurs. 

A  NEW    FIKE-PEOOF    BUILDING   A  NECESSITY  FOR  TILE    AR3IY   3IEDI- 
CAL  MUSEni  AiND   LIBRARY. 

The  great  necessity  for  a  fire-])roof  building  suitable  for  the  proper 
accx)mmodation  of  the  Army  Medical  Museum  collection  and  the  library 
grows,  yearly,  more  imperative. 

The  i)resent  l)uilding  is  over-crowded  and  unsuitable  for  the  purposes 
intended,  while  its  general  insecurity  against  accident  and  fire  places 
in  extreme  Jcoi)ar(ly  collections  wliich,  if  destroyed,  would  be  an  irre- 
parable loss  not  only  to  the  United  States,  but  to  the  world. 

The  museum  has  attained  a  world  wide  celebrity  ;  is  second  to  none 
in  the  inunbej'  and  value  of  specimens  illustrating  military  surgery  an<l 
the  diseases  of  aiuiics,  while  its  sphere  of  i)ractical  usefulness  to  the  nied- 
ical  j)rofession  of  the  country  is  unlimited. 

It  is  therefore  hoped  that  Congress  may  be  induced  to  appreciate  its 
great  value  and  importance  and  provide  for  the  lire-proof  building  re- 
quired to  jdace  the  collections  beyond  the  chance  f)!'  loss  or  injury. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

The  re^iuirements  of  the  Army  as  regards  medical  ofticers  during  the 
past  year  have  been  as  follows : 

Number  of  permanent  jiosts - 15«3 

Number  of  temporary  posts  and  Bubstatious 29 

Total l-Ty 

Number  of  military  expeditions  in  the  field  during  the  year 7 

The  services  of  12  medical  oflBcers  were  required  with  these  expedi- 
tions, and  there  were  also  ^iS  me<lical  otliccrs  reported  to  this  oIlie<?  as 
having  been  on  duty  with  scouting  parties  and  on  other  held  service 
during  the  year. 

The  Army  medical  examining  board  convened  in  New  York  City  on 
the  7th  of  November,  1877,  for  the  examination  of  assistant  surgeons 
for  promotion,  and  of  candidates  for  aitpointnirnt  in  the  medical  corpj 
27  Ab 


418  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 

of  the  Army,  w;is  eoiitimiod  in  srssion  until  June  30,  1882,  on  which 
date  it  was  dissolved  by  orders  IVoni  the  War  I)e])artnient.  Since  date 
of  hist  report  ten  candidates  liave  been  found  qualified  and  approve<l 
by  the  board,  of  wlioui  nine  have  been  appointed  and  eominissioned 
assistant  surgeons  and  one  declined  ai)pointment. 

The  followini;  is  a  recapitulation  of  the  work  i)erformed  by  the  Army 
medical  examining  board  durin^^  its  session  : 

Number  of  asHistant  surgeons  examined  for  promotion * fiB 

Number  of  ciUKlidatoH  for  appointment  in  the  medical  corps  invited  to  ap- 
pear for  examination 258 

Number  of  candidates  fouiul  qualified IW 

Number  of  candidates  rejected 51 

Number  of  candidates  wlio  withdrew  after  partial  examination 126 

Total  number  examined 216 

Number  of  candidates  who  failed  to  appear  for  examination 19 

Number  of  candidates  who  declined  to  appear  for  examination 2:J 

Total  number  invited  but  not  examined 42 

At  the  date  of  the  hist  report  of  the  Surj^eon-General  there  were 
nine  vacancies  in  the  medical  corps,  all  of  which  were  in  the  grade  of  as- 
sistant surgeon.  Since  the  date  of  last  report  there  have  been  retired 
from  active  service  (under  the  clause  of  the  act  approved  June  30,  1882, 
providing  and  directing  that  "when  an  officer  is  sixty-four  years  of  age 
he  shall  be  retired  from  active  service  and  placed  on  the  retired  list") 
the  following  medical  officers  : 

Brig,  and  B^i;.  Maj.-Gen.  Joseph  K.  Barnes,  Surgeon-General,  after 
a  service  of  upwards  of  forty-two  years  as  a  medical  officer,  and  nearly 
eighteen  years  as  Surgeon-General. 

.  Col.  and  Bvt.  Brig.  Gen.  John  M.  Cuyler,  surgeon,  after  a  service  of 
more  than  forty-eight  years  as  a  medical  officer. 

Col.  William  S.  King,  surgeon — after  a  service  of  nearly  forty-five 
years  as  a  medical  officer. 

Lieut.  Col.  and  Bvt.  Col.  James  Simons,  surgeon — after  a  service  of 
nearly  forty-three  years  as  a  medical  officer. 

Three  surgeons,  with  the  rank  of  major,  3  assistant  surgeons,  with 
with  the  rank  of  captain,  andl  medical  storekeeper,  also  with  the  rank 
of  captain,  have  died.  One  assistant  surgeon,  with  the  rank  of  captain, 
has  resigned.  Col.  and  Bvt.  Brig.  Gen.  Charles  H.  Crane,  assistant 
surgeon-general,  was  appointed  surgeon-general,  with  the  rank  of  brig- 
adier-general, July  3,  1882,  vice  Barnes,  retired.  Two  surgeons,  with 
the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel,  have  been  promoted  to  surgeons,  with 
the  rank  of  colonel;  3  surgeons,  with  the  rank  of  major,  have  been 
promoted  to  surgeons,  with  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel,  and  G  as- 
sistant surgeons,  with  the  rank  of  captain,  have  been  promoted  to 
surgeons,  with  the  rank  of  major.  Thirteen  appointments  in  the  grade 
of  assistant  surgeon,  have  also  been  made.  A  vacancy  in  the  office  of 
assistant  surgeon-general,  and  six  vacancies  in  the  grade  of  assistant 
surgeon,  exist  at  this  date  (October  1,  1882)  in  the  medical  corps  of 
the  Army. 

There  are  now  17  medical  officers  on  sick  leave  of  absence;  of  these 
Shave  been  found  incapacitated  for  active  service  and  recommended  for 
retirementby  Army  retiring  boards,  viz,.Assistant  Surgeons  T.  F.  xVzpell, 
who  has  been  on  sick  leave  since  April  7,  1877  ;  J.  W.  Buell,  who  has 
l)een  on  sick  leave  since  August  23, 1877,  and  W.  E.  Steiiunetz,  who  has 
been  on  sick  leave  since  September  IG,  1878.  One  has  been  recommended 
to  be  brought,  b(;fore  an  Army  retiring  board  with  a  view  to  his  retire- 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  419 

merit  from  active  service,  viz,  Asst.  Siirf^.  -T.  V.  Dellaiine,  wlio  has  lieoii 
on  sick  leave  since  June  22,  JS71) ;  and  7  more  are  regarded  as  pertna- 
uenlly  disabled. 

Three  medical  oflBcers  are  on  ordinary  leaves  of  absence  after  a  tour 
of  duty  on  the  frontier,  and  four  are  on  teinpoiary  leaves  of  absence  by 
permission  from  inimediatrconimandiug  ollicers  ;  leaving  159  medical otU- 
cers  for  duty  October  J,  1882. 

The  medi(;al  oflicers  who  have  died  during  the  year  are  as  follows : 

]\IaJ.  John  H.  Frant/,  surgeon,  at  Baltimore,  Md.,  IMarch  2,  1882. 

IMpJ.  Charles  I>.  White,  surgeon,  at  Wilton,  Conn.,  August  10,  1881, 

I\laj.  William  M.  Notson,  surgeon,  at  Columbus  Barracks,  Columbus. 
Ohio,' June  23,  1882. 

Capt.  William  E.  W^Litebead,  assistant  surgeon,  at  Tarrytown,  N^.  Y., 
January  10,  1882. 

Cai)t.  Carlos  Carvallo,  assistant  surgeon,  at  Winthrop  Beach,  Mass., 
July  23,  1882. 

Capt.  Peter  JVIoflatt,  assistant  surgeon,  at  Fort  Cceurd' Aleue,  Idaho, 
June  15,  1882. 

Capt.  Florence  O'Donnogliue,  medical  storekeeper,  at  New  York  City, 
Juue2V),  1882. 

Maj.  John  H.  Frantz,  surgeon,  entered  the  service  as  an  assistant 
surgeon.  May  28,  1801,  and  w\is  promoted  to  surgeon,  with  the  rank  of 
major,  Decend)cr  10,  1807.  lie  was  appointed  cajjtain,  major,  and 
lieutenant-colonel,  by  brevet,  for  faithful  and  meritorious  services  dur- 
ing the  war.  Served  in  general  hospital  in  Georgetown,  D.  C,  from 
date  of  appointment  to  August,  1801 ;  on  dut;\  with  battalion  of  Eighth 
and  Nineteenth  Infantry  to  July,  1802;  medical  i)urveyor  at  Fort  ]\Iou- 
roe,  Va.,  to  December,  1803;  medical  i)urveyor,  district  of  North  Caro- 
lina, to  February,  1804 ;  iu  charge  of  Balfour  general  hospital,  Ports- 
mouth, Va.,  to  July,  1805;  in  charge  of  general  liospital.  Fort  ]\Ionroe, 
Va.,  to  April,  1800;  on  duty  at  Camj)  Grant,  near  Kichmond,  Va.,  to 
September,  1807;  post  surgeon,  Fort  C.  F.  Smith,  Mont.,  to  April, 
1808;  i>ost  surgeon,  Fort  Sanders,  Wyo.,  to  October,  1870;  post  sur- 
geon. Fort  I).  A.  Pussell,  ^V'yo.,  to  December,  1871 ;  post  surgeon, 
Columbia,  S.  C.  to  May,  1875;  post  surgeon.  Fort  Preble,  Me.,  to^May, 
1878.  Was  on  continuous  sick  leave  from  October,  1877,  to  the  time  of 
his  death. 

Maj.  Charles  B.  White,  surgeon,  was  appointed  assistant  surgeou 
3Iay  28,  18()1,  and  was  i)romoted  to  surgeon,  with  the  rank  of  major, 
October  1,  1875.  He  served  at  Fort  jMonroe,  Va.,  and  in  the  Army  of 
the  Potomac.  After  the  battle  of  jMalvern  Hill  he  renuiined  with  the 
wounded  left  in  the  hands  of  the  enemy.  He  served  as  surgeon  in- 
chief  of  the  Artillery  Pescrve  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  after- 
wards took  charge  of  the  general  hos])ital  at  Pittsburgh,  Pa.  In  De- 
cember, 1803,  he  was  detailed  as  medical  purveyor  of  the  Thirteenth 
Corps,  Army  of  tiu'.  Tennessee,  and  ])arlicipated  in  the  nmrch  through 
]\Iississi])i)i,  Louisiana,  and  Texas,  ser\iug  in  the  last  mentioned  Slate 
as  medical  director.  He  was  medical  purveyor  at  New  Oi-leans,  La  , 
until  May,  1808,  and  also  acted  as  ])ost  surgeon  at  Jackson  Barracks, 
New  Orleans,  during  the  ])revalenee  of  the  cholera.  I'ost  suigeon  at 
Fort  Sehuyh'r,  X.  Y.,  to  June,  1870,  and  at  Camp  Jndei»endence,  (.'al., 
to]\Iay,  1870;  then  at  Columbus  Bajracks,  Oliio,  to  July,  187!>.  From 
this  date  to  the  time  of  his  denth  he  was  on  sick  leave,  with  the  exce]>- 
tiou  of  a  few  weeks  in  the  hitter  j)art  of  1880,  when  he  was  engaged  on 
temporary  special  duty.  In  JMarch,  1805,  he  was  made  captain  and 
nuijor,  by  brevet,  forfaitUtui  and  meritorious  services  duriug  the  war. 


420  PAPERS   ACCOMPANyiNG    THE 

Mfij.  William  M.  Notson,  surj?oon,  was  appointed  assistant  surgeon 
July  ."3,  1.S02,  and  i)roin()t('d  to  sui^if^on,  with  the  rank  of  major,  Decem- 
ber 31,187(J;  was  appoint<Ml  captain  and  major,  by  brevet,  for  faithful 
and  meritorious  services  dnrinj^-  the  war.  From  date  of  appointment  to 
Septcnd)er,  18G2,  served  at  Columbian  College  general  hospital,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C. ;  on  duty  with  Army  of  the  Potomac,  in  Maryland  and 
Virginia,  to  December,  18(53,  and  was  severely  wounded  at  Fairfield, 
ju^ar  Gettysburg,  Pa.,  in  July,  18G3.  Assistant  attending  surgeon, 
Washington,  D.  C,  from  December,  ]803,  to  Novem])er,  1807;  post 
surgeon.  Fort  Chadbourne,  Texas,  January  and  February,  ]8(>.S;^iost 
surgeon.  Fort  Concho,  Texas,  February,  18G8,  to  July,  1872;  post  sur- 
geon. Fort  Mackinac,  Mich.,  from  August,  1872,  to  Septend)er,  1873 ; 
{lud  at  Fort  Gratiot,  Mich.,  to  December,  1877 ;  ])Ost  surgeon,  1^'ort  Mc- 
Kinney,  Wyo.,  from  January  to  Sej^tember,  1878.  Was  a  member  of 
the  Army  Medical  Examining  Board  at  Kew  York  City,  from  February 
to  July,  1879,  and  post  surgeon,  at  Columbus  Barracks,  Columbus, 
Ohio,  from  July,  1879,  t-o  the  date  of  his  death. 

Capt.  William  E.  Whitehead,  assistant  surgeon,  was  appointed  April 
13,  1803.  Breveted  captain,  March,  1865.  Was  in  charge  of  general 
hospital,  Ironton,  JMo.,  from  May  to  September,  1803 ;  on  duty  in  gen- 
eral hosi)ital,  No.  3,  Murfreesboro',  Tenn.,  November,  1SG3,  to  January, 
1864;  in  the  field  in  the  Department  of  the  Cumberland  with  the  Fourth 
United  States  Cavalry  from  January,  1804,  to  January,  1805 ;  inspector 
of  hospitals,  Nashville,  Tenn.,  January  to  April,  1805.  On  duty  at  post 
hospital,  Milwau'kee,  Wis.,  from  July  to  November,  1805,  and  at  Cape 
Disappointment  (Fort  Cauby),  Wash.,  from  January,  1800,  to  April, 
1809.  Post  surgeon  at  the  following  posts  in  New  York  Ilarbor: 
David's  Island  from  July  to  November,  1809 ;  Fort  Wood,  November, 
1809,  to  October,  1870 ;  Fort  Columbus,  October  and  November,  1870, 
and  again  at  David's  Island  from  November,  1870,  to  June,  1872.  Post 
surgeon.  Fort  Brown,  Texas,  July,  1872,  to  April,  1870;  at  Camp  Sup- 
ply, lud.  Ter.,  from  July,  1870,  to  February,  1877,  and  at  Fort  Eiley, 
Kans.,  June,  1877,  to  October,  1878.  Was  on  sick  leave  from  December 
1877,  to  the  time  of  his  death. 

Capt.  Carlos  Carvallo,  assistant  surgeon,  was  appointed  May  14, 1867, 
and  served  at  Kalorama  general  hospital,  Washington,  D.  C,  from  that 
date  to  July,  1807.  Post  surgeon  at  Sedgwick  Barracks,  Washington, 
D.  C,  to  December,  1867.  Post  surgeon  at  Fort  Eichardsou,  Texas, 
from  March,  1868,  to  February,  1869 ;  at  Jefferson,  Texas,  from  March, 
1869,  to  June,  1871,  and  at  Fort  Griffin,  Texas,  from  July,  1871,  to 
June,  1872.  Post  surgeon  at  Fort  Gratiot,  Mich.,  from  September,  1872, 
to  September,  1873;  at  Fort  Mackinac,  Midi.,  from  September,  1873,  to 
October,  1874;  at  Fort  Stanton,  N.  Mex.,  from  December,  1874,  to  Sep- 
tember, 1876;  at  Fort  Union,  N.  Mex.,  from  October,  1876,  to  ]\Iay,  1879, 
and  at  Fort  Laramie,  Wyo.,  from  December  5,  1879,  to  November,  1881, 
when  he  was  granted  sick  leave  of  absence,  which  continued  until  he 
died. 

Capt.  Peter  Moffatt,  assistant  surgeon,  appointed  October  9,  1867. 
Served  as  post  surgeon  at  Camp  Harney,  Oreg.,  to  October,  1869,  and 
at  Fort  Boise,  Idaho,  to  December,  187i.  Was  on  duty  at  Fort  Leav- 
enworth, Kans.,  to  May,  1873 ;  post  surgeon  at  Fort  Union,  N.  Mex., 
to  April,  1874 ;  at  Fort  Garland,  Colo.,  to  September,  1876,  and  at  Fort 
Foote,  Md.,  April  and  May,  1877.  Post  surgeon  at  Fort  Mackinac, 
Mich.,  from  June,  1877,  to  June,  1879 ;  on  duty  at  Camp  Winfield  Scott, 
Wash.,  July  and  August,  1879;  post  surgeon  at  Camp  Chelan,  Wash., 
from  September,  1879,  to  October  5, 1880.   Post  surgeon,  Camp  Spokan, 


EEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  421 

Wash.,  from  November,  ISSO,  to  February,  18S2 ;  post  surgeou  at  Fort 
CcEur  d'Alene,  Idaho,  Iroin  ]\Iarch  to  his  death  in  June,  18S2. 

Capt.  Florence  O'Doniiojihiic  medical  storekeeper,  Nvas  appointed  as 
such  August  3,  18G7,  ami  w  as  on  duty  at  the  medical  purveying  depot, 
lyfew  Orleans,  La.,  until  May  7, 1871;  at  medical  purveying  depot,  New 
York,  from  September,  5,  1871,  to  his  death  June  21),  1882. 

0.  H.  CRANE, 
Surtieon-Gou'ral,  U.  S.  Army. 

#  

EEPORT  OF  THE  PAYMASTER-GENERAL. 

Paymaster-General's  Office, 

WaHhinciton,  October  10,  1882. 
Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  my  annual  report  of  the  transactions 
of  the  Pay  Department  of  the  Army  for  the  hscal  year  ending  June  30, 
1882. 

Tabular  statements  herewith  inclosed  show  in  detail  the  fiscal  opera- 
tions of  the  department  for  that  year,  summarily  stated  as  follows,  viz: 

RECEIPTS  AND    DISBURSEMENTS   DURING  THE    FISCAL   YEAR  ENDING 

JUNE  30,   1^82. 

IJalance  in  hands  of  payrnasttMS  July  1,  1881 ??1, 345,  301  56 

Amount  received  tiorii  tli«  Treasury IW,  905, 541  38 

Amount  received  from  soldiers'  deposits 448, 5G6  83 

Amount  received  from  paymasters'  collections 43^,835  80 

Total  to  be  accounted  for 15, 13'2, 245  57 

Accounted  for  as  follows : 

Disbursements : 

To  Regular  A  rnvr $12,559,005  69 

To  Military  Atad.-my 176, 038  89 

To  volunteers,  claims  of  freedmeu,  &c.,  ou  Treasury 

cettiticates 445, 377  03 

Total  dislmrHcnients 13, 180, 421  Gl 

Surplus  funds  deposited  in  the  Treasury 133,312  71 

PH.vmasters'  collections  deposited  in  the  Treasury 432,  835  fcO 

Halauce  in  hands  of  paymasters  June  30,  1882 1,385,675  45 

Total  accounted  for 15, 132, 245  57 

The  Army  has  been  paid  during  the  year  with  regularity,  each  muster 
period  being  closely  followed  by  prompt  ])aymeut. 

The  ollicers  of  this  department  have  shown  tJiemselves  to  be  highly 
efficient  in  the  discharge  of  their  duties,  whicli,  in  some  parts  of  the 
country,  have  been  attended  with  many  hardships  aiul  much  danger. 

1  recommend  tliat  tlie  actof  July  29,  1870,  be  so  amen(h'd  as  to  allow, 
ill  tin;  discretion  of  tlie  Secretary  of  War,  one  month's  leave  of  absence 
to  olliccrs  of  the  Army,  without  deduction  of  pay  or  allowances,  for 
each  year  during  wiiich  such  absence  has  not  been  taken. 

l><«tter  still  would  be  the  repeal  of  all  laws  alVecting  tiie  pay  of  officers 
while  on  leave. 

Ati  olUcer  who  is  entitled  to  leave  should  have  full  i)ay  while  absent. 

The  discretionary  i)ower  of  granting  leaves  resting  in  the  command- 
ing generals  and  the  Secretary  of  \Var  would  guard  against  any  abuse 
of  the  privilege. 

1  recommend  the  repeal  of  that  ])rovision  in  act  of  July  24, 187(1,  which 
forbids  x><'iyiin'nt  of  mileage  over  land-graut  railroa<ls.  Mileage  is  an 
allowance  to  otlicers  to  cover  lU'cessary  expenses  while  traveling  in  the 


422  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

performance  of  their  duties.  The  actual  cost  of  transportation  forms 
only  a  ])art  of  these»expenses;  tlie  others  '^o  on  wlietlier  tiiey  travel  over 
a  land-jirant  road  or  not.  With  the  measuie  of  allowance  now  reduced 
to  a  minimum,  it  causes  loss  and  inconvenience  to  ollicers  to  be  com- 
pelled to  bear  the  other  expenses  incident  to  their  traveling?  without  re- 
imbursement, while  the  small  advantage  accruing  therefrom  to  the 
United  States  is  inconsiderable. 

It  is  desirable  that  paymasters  should  be  notified  within  a  reasonable 
period,  say  one  year  from  the  time  payments  are  actually  made,  of  the 
condition  of  their  accounts  in  the  hands  of  the  Auditor  and  Compti^ler. 
It  is  not  unusual  for  two  years  and  over  to  elapse  before  they  are  noti- 
fied of  errors ;  meantime,  officers  who  should  refund  may  have  died,  re- 
signed, or  been  discharged  the  service. 

1  would  invite  your  attention  to  the  subject  of  paymasters'  bonds. 
The  accounting  officers  of  the  Treasury  hold  that,  under  the  laws  now 
in  force,  they  have  no  power  to  release  the  sureties  on  a  paymaster's 
bond.  The  sureties  are  held  for  all  the  transactions  of  the  paymaster 
from  the  date  of  the  approval  of  the  bond  to  the  close  of  his  service 
under  his  current  commission.  This  should  be  corrected  by  proper  legis- 
lation, such  as  was  extended  to  collectors  of  internal  revenue  (20  Stat., 
p.  327),  and  to  postmasters  (E.  S.,  3837).  There  should  also  be  a  limit 
beyond  which  it  will  not  be  competent  for  an  action  to  be  brought  against 
the  sureties  on  a  bond,  the  paymaster,  however,  to  be  held.  I  would 
suggest  five  years  after  the  expiration  of  the  bond  as  a  reasonable  time 
within  which  suit  should  be  brought. 

The  enlisted  men  of  the  Army  still  continue,  to  a  large  extent,  to 
avail  themselves  of  the  benefits  of  the  deposit  system,  and  it  is  believed 
that  its  influence  tends  to  encourage  habits  of  economy  and  to  check 
desertion.  The  system  has  been  in  operation  for  ten  years,  and  during 
that  time  the  sum  of  $3,813,081.78  has  been  received  on  deposit.  The 
repayments  during  the  same  period  amount  to  $2,766,613.27,  leaving  at 
the  close  of  the  fiscal  year  the  sum  of  $1,016,468.51  still  on  deposit. 
"While  the  amount  deposited  last  year  ($448,566.83)  was  less  than  the 
amount  deposited  during  the  previous  year,  it  is  noticed  that  the  aver- 
age amount  of  each  deposit  is  larger  and  the  number  of  deposits  less. 

It  is  good  policy,  I  think,  to  encourage  small  deposits,  and  to  that  end 
would  recommend  that  the  act  of  May  15,  1872,  be  so  amended  as  to  al- 
low interest  on  the  minimum  deposit  ($5)  from  the  date  of  deposit,  pro- 
vided it  shall  be  deposited  six  months  prior  to  date  of  discharge. 

The  signal  success  which  has  attended  the  operations  of  the  act  of  May 
15, 1872,  es'tablishing  a  system  of  deposits  for  enlisted  men,  prompts  me 
to  recommend  that  the  "benefits  of  that  act  be  extended  to  the  commis- 
sioned officers  of  the  Army. 

The  settlement  of  claims  of  colored  soldiers  and  sailors  for  pay,  bounty, 
and  prize-money  has  progressed  very  satisfactory  to  this  office,  and,  it 
is  believed,  also  to  the  claimants,  who,  in  every  instance,  receive  their 
money  in  actual  cash  without  the  intervention  of  an  agent  or  attorney. 
These  results  are  accomplished  at  a  very  small  expense  to  the  govern- 
ment. Maj.  A.  B.  Carey,  paymaster,  IJ.  S.  A.,  is  charged  with  these 
payments.  Attention  is  invited  to  his  report,  which  is  appended. 
I  am,  sir,  very  respectfullv,  your  obedient  servant, 

WM.  B.  EOCHESTER, 
Paymaster-General,  U.  8,  A. 

The  Hon.  the  Secret aby  of  Wak. 


Waii  ])EPAirj3iE>T,  War  Kecords  Office, 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  423 

REPORT  OF  PUBLICATION  OF  WAR  RECORDS. 

[E>T,  War  Records  Office 
Washington,  U.  C,  October  23,  1882. 

To  the  Secretary  of  War  : 

Sir:  I  Lave  the  honor  to  report  i)roj;ress  in  the  publication  of  the 
niilitary  r<H'ortls  of  the  War  of  tlie  Rebellion  since  my  report  of  Octo- 
])er  lL','lS81. 

The  examination  and  copying  of  the  files  of  the  Union  records  for 
18()l-lStJ5  is  almost  coni})lete»l,  and  tlie  book  records  tor  1804  are  now 
bcin.u"  searched.  The  examination  of  the  Confederate  book  records  for 
1803-180."),  an<l  of  the  files  pertaining  to  these  records  for  1801,  is  pro- 
gressing. 

Yolumes  111,  IV,  and  V,  Series  I,  of  tlie  Oflicial  Rebellion  Records, 
have  been  given  to  the  public;  Volume  ^'I  is  now  being  bound  ;  the  in- 
dex to  Volume  VII  is  in  the  hands  of  the  Printer,  and  the  book  will 
doid»tless  be  issued  before  Congress  reassembles.  The  text  of  \'olumes 
^'II1,  IX,  X,  and  XI  has  been  stereotyped,  and  the  stereotyping  of 
Volume  XI 1  is  iiearly  completed. 

The  cost  of  ])rintiug  and  binding  the  volumes  already  issued  has 
been : 

Vol  nme     I $0, 7G5  7G 

Volniiie    II l»,  IGd  Gd 

Vohiiue  III 7,  n-i  M 

Volnine  IV 7,  OKI  03 

Volmiie    V 9,  717  92 

The  composition,  stereotyping,  &c.,  of  volumes  still  in  the  hands  of 
the  Printer  has  cost : 

Volume     VI 51,857  90 

Vol  n  I  lie    V 1 1 1 ,  924  l^) 

Volniuo  Tin 1,  G:?4  -M 

Volume      IX l.T-f.^  f.O 

Volume       X  (two  parts) 2,940  31 

VoluiiiQ     XI  (thrtje  imits) r),257  27 

Volume    XII,  Pnrt.s  I  iuiil  II 3,319  94 

Volum.'         J,  .S.riesIII l,tW  14 

Vnlunip         I,  Series  IV f71  ("4 

ludexiug,  proof-reading,  &<■.,  for  the  liscal  years  l.'^-'fJ-ldd2* 7,37G  72 

The  appropriations  for  printing  and  binding  have  been  : 
1880-lrisl §  10,  OiX)  CO 

lb81-lt^d:> 4(i.lH(0  00 

l«t»2-lciri3 :it;.3iHi  w 

Total 1 IG,  3.00  00 

Total  expenditurea  to  date G7,  7-:^  70 

Balance  available 4-'.  .Ml  :UJ 

The  exi>enditures  of  tliis  office  for  salaries  and  incidental  expenses 
during  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  .*>(),  1,S8U,  have  been  as  follows: 

Hal.aries »34,  Gf G  G8 

Kent 1,200  00 

Traveliuji  expenses  ami  exjiress  tvans|)ortation 15;'  or> 

Kuel  and  liRlitM :«8  94 

Stationery,  books,  mni>s,  panii>lilets,  «!tc 1,981  43 

OHice  fiirnit  are,  earpcts,  »Ve 1,  014   17 

Repairs  of  olliee  furniture  and  heating  ajtitaratus 212  70 

*  Under  current  ax>propriatiua  this  expense  is  ptorided  for  iu  the  allotiueut  for 

salaries. 


424  PAPERS    ACCO.MPANYING    THE 

Telephor.c  scrvir'- $170  53 

Priut iiitr  n>att'j  iiil 310  49 

Incidental  la'.oi- 220  (Kj 

RecluciiJg  niaiLS  lor  iinbliculioii « W  00 

Ice 30  m 

Total 40, 480  08 

Amount  appropriatiMl 40,490  00 

Surplus 3  32 

The  War  I)oi)nrtinoi)t  ajjont  for  the  collection  of  Confederate  military 
records  contiimes  to  be  successful  iu  obt:iiiiin.f;  valuable  docutuents.  A 
niemoranduui  of  his  collections  during  the  y>nst  twelve  months  is  sub- 
mitted herewith.  Some  of  the  docuujents  thus  reported  are  duidicates 
of  those  already  in  tlie  ])ossession  of  the  Crovernment,  and  are  therefore 
of  no  special  value;  but  there  are  yet  many  original  documents  relating 
to  the  Avar  scattered  about  the  country,  and  I  recommend  that  the 
agency  for  collecting  them  be  maintained  while  yielding,  as  it  now  does, 
a  commensurate  return. 

Yery  respectfully,  your  obedient -servant, 

EGBERT  ^T.  SCOTT, 
Brenet  Lieutenant-Colonel^  TJ.  S.  A. 


REPOUT    OX    ^HLITAEY    PRISON,    FORT    LEAVEis^WORTH, 

KANSAS. 

Governor's  Office, 
United  States  Military  Prison, 
Fort  Leavenworth,  Kansas,  August  30,  1S82. 

Sir  :  I  have  the  lienor  to  transmit  herewith  annual  reports  of  the 
quartermaster,  surgeon  and  cha])lain  connected  with  this  prison,  for 
the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1882.  I  also  enclose  tabular  statement 
of  labor  performed,  prisoners  received,  discharged,  iS:c. 

During  the  past  year,  improvements  have  been  made  in  and  near  the 
prison,  as  exhibited  by  the  following  details:  One  brick  store-house, 
30  by  80  feet,  two  stories  high,  slate  roof;  prison  water-closet,  frame, 
12  by  24  feet;  new  officers'  quarters,  main  house,  2G  by  36  feet,  wing  20 
by  22  feet,  ell  6  by  14  feet,  both  two  stories,  20  feet  high.  Stable, 
18  by  24  feet,  14  feet  high.  There  were  also  repairs  made  on  fence 
around  the  farm,  from  old  material,  the  fence  around  coiTal  rebuilt,  and 
improvements  made  in  Surgeon  Wright's  quarters. 

There  have  been  made  319  feet  curbing  to  protect  sidewalks,  and 
1,599  feet  coping  around  prison  wall  has  been  laid.  169  perch  masonry, 
two  crossings,  one  at  the  prison  chaplain's,  and  one  at  Lieutenant  Scott's, 
together,  220  feet,  and  necessary  curbing,  110  feet,  area  in  yard  9  feet  4 
inches;  window-sills,  296  feet. 

Work  in  the  shop  progressed  very  favoiably,  and  during  the  past 
fiscal  year  there  were  manufactured  33,113  pairs  of  boots,  b.  s.;  18,996 
pairs  of  shoes,  b.  s.;  30,000  corn  brooms;  2,236  barrack  chairs;  118  sets 
of  chair  rods;  940  extra  parts  for  chairs  ;  1,292  packing  boxes  for  boots, 
shoes,  and  harness  ;  136  crates  for  packing  chairs;  also  127  sets,  com- 
plete,  of  foiu-mule  ambulance    harness;  136  sets  of  six-mule  wagon 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  425 

harivss;  50  single  sets  of  lead-iimle  vragou  Laruess  and  GO  single  sets 
of  wheel  iHule  harness. 

Besides  tbe  above  euunieiated  articles,  all  doors,  sasli,  &c.,  as  well  as 
the  necessarj'  repairs  to  bnildiiigs,  &c.,  were  made  by  prison  labor. 

During  tbe  year  there  has  been  2,975  bushels  of  lime  burned  and  used 
in  building,  repairs,  sanitary  ])ur|)oses,  &c. 

In  the  shoe-shop  care  has  be<n  taken  to  save  all  scrap  leather,  and 
during  the  year  there  has  been  sold  2i,377  pounds,  realizing  the  sum  of 
$1,396.27,  whicli  amount  has  been  covered  into  the  United  States  Treas- 
ury on  account  of  miscellaneous  receipts. 

During  the  past  year,  owing  to  the  backwardness  of  the  season  and 
the  overflow  of  the  Missouri  River  (which  inundated  the  entire  farm), 
the  prison  farui  only  yielde<l  1,2.")0  bushels  of  potatoes,  1,547  heads  of 
cabbage,  o50  bushels  of  corn,  150  bushels  of  onions,  700  bushels  of  to- 
matoes, 175  bushels  ])arsnii)s,  and  a  quantity  of  other  vegetables,  for 
immediate  consumption. 

This  year  we  have  under  cultivation  about  96  acres,  planted  as  fol- 
lows :  40  acres  in  potatoes,  40  in  corn,  3  in  cabbage,  5  in  broom-corn, 
and  8  acres  wntli  a  variety  of  vegetables,  such  as  onions,  tomatoes,  car- 
rots, beets,  &c. 

The  work  performed  for  the  Quartermaster's  Department  during  the 
past  year  has  been  as  follows  :  55,991  days  skilled  labor ;  76,174  days 
unskilled  labor  ;  making  a  total  of  132,105  days  of  labor. 

United  States  military  prison  in  account  with  the  Quartermaster's 
Department  during  the  fiscal  year  lb82  shows  as  follows : 

Due  Quartoiuia.«ter'8  Dopartiuont  July  1,  1881 8887  61 

For  quartennastei-'s  stores  received 1,932  13 

ForC.  C.  audG.  E.  received 16,241  37 

Total iy,OGl  11 

By  work  for  Qnartermast^r's  Department 24,3.'jG  IM 

By  clotluug  reirausferred  to  Quartermaster's  DeiJartment 8, 469  »4 

Total 32,>^25  94 

19,061  11 

Due  i)rison  Juue  30,  1882 13,  764  8'.i 

Expended  on  account  of  appropriation  for  support  United  States  mili- 
tary prison  for  fiscal  jear  1881  and  1882: 

Received : 

Regular  appi'o])iiation .S62,  461  17 

Expended 62, 461  17 

Dcficleix'-y  appropnation. 
Received: 

For  snlisistcnce  stores.. s:"!, 000 

For  l)uildiugs 2,  OUO 

5,0(K.)  (0 

Expended : 

For  subsistence $1 ,  002  'ifi 

For  buildings , 2,000  0(» 

Turned  into  the  Trta.siuv 1 ,  997  45 

000  CO 


The  conduct  of  the  prisoners  has  on  the  whole  been  very  good,  but 
few  refractory  cases  necessitating  severe  disciplinary  measures  occur- 
ring. 

Sixteen  iirisouers  eseajicd;  seven  were  recaptiueil :  inakiug  a  loss  of 
uiue. 


426  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

The  hcalMi  of  tho  iiistitntioii,  :is  shown  by  inclosed  report  of  the  sur- 
{^eon,  lias  also  been  V(uy  j^ood,  (•onsi(h'ring  tlie  crowded  condition  of  the 
dormitories;  the  new  dormitory,  nearlv  completed,  will  add  j;ieatly  to  the 
comfort  of  the  ])risoneis  re^ardin^'  tlieir  healtli.  But  two  deaths  oc- 
curred «lurin<?  the  yc^ai',  one  of  which  was  a  prisoner,  and  on<'  eidisted 
man  of  the  provost  ^uard,  <;eneral  service  United  States  Army,  iSergeant 
.lohn  JhMiiy,  wlio  was  shot  by  Private  John  O'Neil,  same  organization. 
The  ])risoner  died  of  phthisis. 

1  (lesire  to  take  theopportnnity  to  acknowledge  my  sincere  tlianks  to 
the  department  commander  for  liis  kind  encouragement  and  substantial 
support  which  he  has  extended  to  me  during  the  ]»ast  year,  and  I  am 
sure  that  whatever  success  has  attended  my  labors  here,  has  been 
largely  due  to  the  aid  he  has  given  me  in  the  performance  of  my  duties. 
It  is  also  gratifying  to  me  to  acknowledge  my  obligations  to  the  differ- 
ent officers  on  duty  at  the  prison  lor  the  manifest  interest  they  have 
taken  in  the  performance  of  their  arduous  duties,  their  hearty  co-oper- 
ation, and  exemplary  conduct. 

1  am,  sir,  very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

A.  P.  BLUNT, 
Brevet  Colonel,  United  States  Army,  Governor. 


EEPORT  OF     THE    BOARD    OF    COMMISSIONERS    OF  THE 
SOLDIERS'  HOME. 

Washington,  D.  C,  November  2, 1882. 

Sir  :  Article  1  of  the  regulations  for  the  general  and  internal  direction 
of  the  Soldiers'  Home  requires  the  Commissioners,  "at  their  meeting  in 
October,"  to  "  mfike  an  annual  report  of  their  proceedings  to  the  Secretary 
of  War  for  the  information  of  Congress."  In  accordance  therewith,  we 
have  the  honor  to  submit  the  following  report  for  the  year  ending  Sep- 
tember 30,  1882 : 

The  matters  which  have  demanded  the  most  earnest  attention  during 
the  year  have  been  the  ways  and  means  for  i^roviding  for  a  large  and 
increasing  number  of  inmates,  and  keeping  the  buildings  and  extensive 
grounds  in  good  repair  and  condition.  The  current  revenue  for  the 
support  of  the  Home  would  have  been  insufficient  for  these  purposes  if 
it  had  not  l)een  for  the  exceedingly  close  economy  and  unusual  restric- 
tions required  in  the  expenditures  of  funds,  and  in  some  instances  the 
suspension  of  work  which  seemed  almost  indispensible.  By  extraordi- 
nary effort  in  controlling  the  expenses,  the  necessity  for  diminishing  the 
investments  held  by  the  Home  has  happily  been  avoided.  As  the  num- 
ber of  inmates  increases,  the  means  for  their  support,  which  are  all 
derived  from  the  xVrmj^,  have  been  greatly  reduced  in  the  past  few 
years  by  the  reduction  of  the  military  forces.  The  fact  is  apparent  that 
in  a  very  short  time  the  current  revenue  from  the  sources  created  by 
law  will  not  be  suflicient  to  meet  the  necessary  expenses  of  the  institu- 
tion. The  investment  of  surplus  funds  in  past  years  in  securities  which 
would  yield  a  sure  revenue  was  a  wise  step,  and  it  will  be  wisdom  to 
make  some  sacrifices  now  for  the  purpose  of  increasing  the  amount  so 
invested  in  order  that  the  future  ma^'  be  provided  for.  Probably  no 
better  plan  could  be  devised  for  this  purjiose  than  that  proposed  in  the 
bill  now  before  Congress  (Senate  bill  No.  1821),  to  make  all  surplus 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.         427 

funds  a  deposit  in  the  United  States  Treasury  to  the  credit  of  the  Iloiue 
as  a  i)erinaneiit  fund  to  <lra\v  interest.  If  this  can  be  done,  and  if  ad- 
ditions can  be  made  tothe  fund  from  timetotinie, tliebenedt  will  begn-at, 
and  if  a  fair  estijuate  of  the  amount  of  money  now  due  the  Home  ou 
account  of  the  "unclaimed  effects  of  deceased  soldiers"'  could  be  made 
by  the  accountinj;  officers  of  the  Treasury  Department,  and  tliat  amount 
appropriated  by  Coug^ress,  and  added  to  the  peru)aiu>nt  fund,  there 
is  not  a  doubt  but  that  the  future  nuiintenance  of  the  Home  would  be 
assured. 

The  financial  statement  of  the  treasurer  of  the  Home  is  submitted 
herewith,  and  is  made  a  part  of  this  report.  JJy  reference  thereto  it 
will  be  seen  that  the  amount  of  money  recei^ ed  duriuf^-  the  year  was 
$145,932.13,  and  the  amount  exi)ended  was  .■^142,8.S{).G0,  leaviiipf  a  bal- 
ance of  receipts  over  exi)enditures  of  $3,042.53.  The  investments  held 
by  the  Home,  and  in  which  there  has  been  no  change  durin*;  the  year, 
are  $780,000  in  United  States  4  i»er  cent,  bonds,  $40,000  in  G  per  cent. 
Missouri  State  bonds,  and  $02,500  in  stock  of  the  Voun^  Men's  Christian 
Association  Joint  Stock  Com]>any  of  Washington,  D.  C.  It  is  proper, 
in  this  connection  to  state  brieliy  the  character  of  the  last-named  stock, 
and  to  explain  the  relations  between  the  ^^company^^  and  the  ^dissocia- 
tion" for  the  idea  seems  to  be  prevalent  that  there  is  no  distinction  be- 
tween them.  The  association  was  incorporated  under  an  act  of  Con- 
gress approved  June  28,  1804.  The  company  Avas  incorporated  under 
an  act  ai)proved  March  2,  1867,  and  S.  P.  Chase,  O.  O.  Howard,  H.  D. 
Cooke,  and  other  well  known  men  of  position,  wealth,  and  integrity 
were  named  as  the  body  corporate  for  the  purpose  of  erecting  a  build- 
ing for  the  meetings  of  the  association.  They  were  authorized  to  have 
a  cajjital  stock  not  exceeding  $200,000,  upon  which  they  were  to  pay,  from 
the  rents  and  reveiiues  arising  from  the  building,  an  annual  interest  of 
not  exceeding  0  i)er  cent.,  and  i^ay  over  to  the  direct<-irs  of  the  Young 
I^Ien's  Christian  Association  the  surplus,  if  any,  to  be  used  in  the  purchase 
of  the  stock  of  the  company^  and  when  the  association  should  in  thismanner 
absorl)  all  the  stock  of  the  company  the  latter  was  then  to  transfer  the 
full  title  of  the  ])roperty  to  the  association.  Tlie  company  issued  stock 
to  the  amount  of  $101,000,  and  realized  therefor  $157,340.  The  lot  pur- 
chaseil  and  the  ])uilding  erected  and  furnished,  including  all  expenses, 
cost  $179,71H).23,  to  which  should  be  added  $0,705.03,  which  was  paid  as 
interest  on  stoclc  before  any  revenues  were  received  from  the  building, 
making  $18(»,501.20  in  all.  This  would  make  the  indebtedness  of  the 
comi)any  $29,101.20.  The  first  proposition  to  the  commissioners  of  the 
Soldiers'  Home  to  invest  in  the  stock  of  the  company  api)oars  to  have 
been  luade  in  December,  1807,  and,  after  about  five  months,  djiring  which 
it  is  found  that  due  iurpiiiy  was  made  into  the  luatter,  the  commissioners 
authorized  the  investment  at  20  cents  on  the  dollar  below  the  face  value 
of  the  stock.  Interest  at  the  rate  of  0  per  cent.  ])er  annum  was  received 
1)y  the  Honje  semianniudly  u])on  the  i)ar  value  of  this  stock  until  Jan- 
uary 1,  1873,  when,  the  indebtedness  of  the  company  having  increased 
to  about  $.'>0,000,  the  stocdcholders  consented  to  relinquish  the  interest 
until  the  indebtedness  should  be  paid.  At  this  time  the  Young  Men's 
Christian  Association,  which  Avas  a  tctiant  in  tlie  building  owned  by  the 
company,  was  in  arrears  for  rent  to  the  amount  of  $4,10G.0(;.  In  part 
])aymcnt  of  this  the  couipany  accepted  at  par  and  canceled  $3,000  worth 
of  stock.  From  that  time  till  May  1,  187(),  the  association  again  fell  in 
arrears  torrent  $3,791.00,  and,  it  being  represented  that  there  w;is  no 
hope  of  the  funds  being  raised  to  pay  it,  the  company  remitted  it  on 
condition  that  future  rent  must  be  satisfactorily  secured.     The  security 


428  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 

acc',e])t<'(l  Avas  stock  of  tli<*  <'oni])any,  of  which  the  association  then  pos- 
sessed G.S7  siiares,  the  face  value  of  which  was  ij(  17,17/5.  The  tenancy  of 
the  association  was  continned  under  this  arrangement  up  to  the  month 
of  November,  1.S7S,  Mlien  all  tlie  stock  was  surrendered  by  the  associa- 
tion and  accejited  by  the  coni]uiny,  on  account  of  rent,  at  20  cents  on 
the  dollar.  This  i>art  of  the  statement  is  made  somewhat  in  detail  to 
show  that  the  Young  MeiCs  Citristian  Association  is  not  now  connected 
with  nor  in  any  way  interested  in  the  property  u])on  which  the  stock 
held  by  the  Soldiers'  Home  is  based  ;  also  to  show  that  the  exceedingly 
slow  proexess  made  up  to  1880  in  reducing  the  indebtedness,  which  is 
now  $33,000,  would  have  been  more  rapid  and  satisfactory  if  the  com- 
pany had  not  been  coini)elled  to  accept  its  t)wn  stock  as  part  of  the 
revenues.  The  property  (the  building)  is  an  exceedingly  expensive  one 
to  keep  in  re});iir,  but  the  prosi)ect  for  realizing  upon  the  stock  is  fair,  as 
the  following  will  show : 
The  fnudson  hand  and  invested  September  30,  1882,  was S4,741  93 

The  annual  rental  of  store  and  other  rooms  is 5,730  00 

The  average  annual  receiiits  for  rent  of  Lincoln  Hall  is  about 3,000  00 

8,730  00 

The  regular  annual  cxiieuses  are ; 

Tax  on  an  assessed  valuation  of  $IM),000...- 1,350  00 

Pi-emium  on  ^67,500  insurance  (fire) 396  25 

Salary  of  janitor,  $900,  and  secretary,  $250 1, 150  00 

Interest  on  loan  at  G^  i»er  cent 2, 145  (X) 

Ligbtiufi  and  heating  the  building,  about 700  00 

Agent's  fees  for  collecting  rents — hall,  10  per  cent. ;  rooms,  5  per  cent 586  50 

6,327  75 

The  repairs  and  incidentals  are  about  $400,  so  that  the  net  revenue 
may  be  fixed  at  $2,000  per  annum.  The  interest  on  the  loan  will  be  re- 
duced in  two  and  one-half  years  to  6  per  cent.,  and  will  have  five  j'ears 
to  run  at  that  rate.  The  indebtedness  will  probably  be  paid  in  from 
twelve  to  fourteen  years,  after  which,  if  not  sooner,  the  stock  will  have 
a  marketable  value. 

The  only  imi)rovement  of  importance  made  at  the  Home  during  the 
year  was  the  construction  of  a  sewer  from  the  main  buildings  southward 
on  the  east  side  of  the  grounds,  a  distance  of  about  4,800  feet,  to  connect 
with  the  sewernge  from  the  hospital  to  divert  the  drainage  from  the 
property  adjoining  the  Home  on  the  east,  where  it  had  for  years  been  a 
cause  of  complaint.     The  cost  of  this  work  was  $1,100. 

The  number  of  inmates  has  been  increasing  from  year  to  year,  and 
the  question  of  providing  additional  room  for  their  accommodation  is 
one  which  must  be  acted  npon  very  soon.  A  very  large  percentage  of 
the  men  require  hospital  accommodation  and  treatment.  Many  more 
who  are  old  ^lud  infirm,  but  who  require  no  medical  treatment,  are 
necessarily  kl])t  in  the  hospital,  where  they  can  receive  the  care  of 
attendants,  and  the  accommodations  for  the  sick  and  wounded  are  taxed 
to  their  utmost  capacity. 

The  number  of  persons  who  were  receiving  the  benefits  of  the  Home  Septem- 
ber 30,  1881,  was 588 

The  changes  during  the  year  ending  September  30,  1882,  have  been  as  fol- 
lows: 
Admitted : 

Regular 127 

Tenipurary 68 

Readmitted  (regular) 78 

^    "        ^  861 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.         429 

Dropped  by  ■withdrawal,  &c. : 

Regular 127 

Temporary } 64 

Dismissed  (regular) 4 

Died  : 

Regular t 29 

Temporary •_' 

Suspeudud  (regular) 12 

238 

Receiving  the  benefits  September  30,  1862 : 

Regular '. 610 

Temporary i:{ 

62:! 

Five  of  the  men  admitted  temporarily  were  discliarfjed  soldiers  who 
were  in  need  of  food  and  shelter  for  a  few  dayt>.  but  who  were  not  en- 
titled to  full  admission.  The  lack  of  acconnnodatious  forbids  the  ex- 
tension of  this  privile^ue  except  in  very  extreme  cases.  The  other  tem- 
])orary  admissions  were  men  \a1iosc  right  to  the  benefits  appeared  good, 
but  needing  evidence  which  was  not  at  hand,  and  they  Avere  admitted 
until  it  could  be  obtained  and  acted  upon. 

There  has  been  a  slight  decrease  in  the  death-rate  as  compared  with 
the  pa«t  few  years.  (Considering  the  class  of  mcu  bronglit  together, 
the  general  health  of  tbe  inmates  has  been  good,  and  it  would  have  been 
even  better  if  many  of  the  pensioners  could  have  lM?en  prevented  from 
spending  their  money  for  intoxicating  liquor.  The  attending  surgeon 
reports  that  26  per  cent,  of  tbe  admissions  to  the  hospital  were  for  in- 
ten)perance  or  acute  alcoholism,  the  number  of  sucii  cases  being  most 
frequent  just  after  the  re(;eipt  of  pension  or  extra  duty  pay.  The  aver- 
age number  of  patients  in  the  hospital  daily  through  the  year  was  7o, 
and  the  highest  number  at  any  time  was  S3.  This  is  the  utmost  limit 
in  the  numbers  that  can  be  accommodated.  The  attending  surgeon, 
Oapt.  Calvin  De  AVitt,  assistant  surgeon  United  States  Army,  has  been 
entirely  devoted  to  his  charge,  and  discharged  all  his  duties  to  the 
satisfaction  of  the  commissioners. 

In  the  month  of  December,  1881,  a  reduction  of  the  working  force 
u])on  the  Home  grouu«ls  and  in  the  buildings  was  found  to  be  neces- 
sary as  a  i>art  of  the  acticui  taken  to  reduce  the  current  expenses,  and 
all  labor  upon  the  driv«'s  was  <liscontiuued.  In  a  short  time  it  was 
found  that  the  paving  in  the  gutters  was  being  seriously  injured  by 
careless  drivers  running  the  wlieels  of  their  vehicles  into  it  wliile  the 
earth  was  sott,  and  orders  were  given  to  close  all  the  gates  but  one 
at  the  northwest  entr;tiic<',  aud  tlie  grounds  remained  closed  in  this  way 
until  settled  weather  in  the  s])riug,  and  until  the  working  force  of  in- 
mates could  be  again  employed  to  kee})  the  drives  in  order. 

The  governor  rej)orts  that  about  oo  acres  of  ground  hav(»  been  culti- 
vated during  the  i>ast  season,  and,  with  the  exception  of  winter  c;ib- 
bage  and  celery,  all  the  jtroducts  were  al)undaut  and  the  supply-  was 
sufficient  for  the  use  of  the  inmates  throughout  the  seasoiL 

]\Iarch  27,  1882,  the  treasurer  of  the  Home  was  authwized  by  the 
commissioners  t()  enter  into  contract  with  Mr.  Thomas  T.  Keane,  a 
butcher  engaged  in  business  in  this  city,  to  furnish  the  Home  with 
meats,  he  being  the  lowest  bidder  under  an  advertisement  previously 
made,  i)ursuant  to  th(3  instnu'tions  of  the  (rominissiouers  given  teii 
months  before.  Jt  was  asceitaine«l  in  the  montli  of  June,  ISSl*,  that 
this  contract  had  been  annidled  by  the  governor  of  the  Home,  and  as 
it  was  found  that  the  contiactor  was  then  by  released  from  the  fidlill- 
ment  of  his  contract,  no  action  was  undertaken  toenfor«'e  it  at  the  time. 
Kecently  new  advertisements  have  been  published,  and  a  new  contract 


4.'>0  TAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

will,  it  is  cxpectod,  soon  bo  obtained  nt  favorable  rates,  wliicli  the  liigh 
l)riceR  ])revni!inj;'  tliroii.^li  tlicpast  snminerwoiild  have  made  impossible. 
In  the  mean  time  tlie  meats  have  been  pro<5iire(l  under  an  ananj^emeut 
made  by  the  govcrnoi'of  the  Home  witli  ])arties  IVom  whom  they  were 
obtained  before  the  eonti-aet  was  made  with  IMr."  Keane.  The  other 
subsistence  su])])li<'-s  have  been  obtained  from  reliable  <lealers  at  favoi-- 
able  rates,  which  have  been  controlled  by  an  alteriuitiou  of  j)atn)iia;;e. 
The  contract  system  for  obtaining  subsistence  will  be  applied  to  all  the 
supjiiics  whenever  it  shall  be  advantageous  to  do  so. 

The  buildings  belonging  to  the  ]lome  are  in  good  condition,  exee[)t 
in  two  instances.  The  dwelling-house  on  -what  is  known  as  the  Homo 
farm  M'as  occupied  by  the  superintendent  of  the  farm  until,  in  Novem- 
ber, 1S81,  authority  was  given  for  his  removal  to  the  "  Harewood  cot- 
tage," because  the  farm  building  had  become  so  dilapidated  as  to  make 
its  oceupaucy  unsafe.  The  building  is  not  worth  i-epairing,  and  will,  in 
the  course  of  a  short  time,  have  to  bo  removed.  The  library  building, 
though  a  brick  structure,  has  a  great  deal  of  exposed  woodwork,  which 
has  become  seamed  by  the  action  of  the  elements  and  heat  of  tlie  sun, 
and  will  shortly  require  considerable  work  for  its  preservation.  Many 
of  the  other  buildings  need  ])ainting  in  some  parts,  but  there  has  not 
been  funds  available  for  the  work. 

In  January,  1S82,  a  subcommittee  of  the  Senate  Committee  on  Mili- 
tary Affairs,  under  a  resolution  of  the  Senate  dated  May  20,  1881,  en- 
tered npon  an  investigation  of  the  a  (fairs  of  the  Home,  and  after  prose- 
cuting the  same  for  about  four  months,  submitted  a  report  May  3, 1882, 
accompanied  by  all  the  testimony  taken,  and  a  bill  lu-escribing  regula- 
tions for  the  Home.  The  report  is  No.  5ol,  first  session,  Forty-seventh 
Congress,  and  the  bill  (Senate  No.  1821)  passed  the  Senate  and  is  now 
before  the  House  of  Kepresentatives.  Its  provisions,  with  one  excep- 
tion, appear  to  be  good.  Section  4  provides  for  the  payment  of  pen- 
sions of  inmates  who  have  no  families  to  the  treasurer  of  the  Home  to 
be  paid  to  the  pensioner  on  his  discharge  from  the  institution.  As  no 
discharges  can  be  made  except  for  flagrant  misconduct,  and  of  men 
who,  being  under  fifty  years  of  age,  shall  recover  from  their  disal)ili- 
ties,  it  is  not  clear  what  is  intended,  but  will  probably  apply  to  all  who 
voluntarily  withdraw  from  the  Home,  which  they  are  permitted  to  do  at 
any  time,  but  under  existing  regulations  cannot  be  readmitted  after  the 
second  withdrawal. 

On  the  30th  of  June,  1882,  Brig,  and  B\^.  Maj.  Gen.  Joseph  K.  Barnes, 
surgeon-general  of  the  Army,  was  retired  fiom  active  service  by  tlie 
operation  of  a  law  ai)proved  on  that  date.  This  retirement  carried  him 
from  the  board  of  cojumissioners,  and  he  was  succeeded  by  Brig.  Gen. 
Charles  H.  Crane,  on  his  appointment  as  surgeon-general.  General 
Barnes  was  a  commissioner  of  the  Home  for  eighteen  years,  and  presi- 
dent of  the  board  for  thirteen  years,  aud  although  liis  duties  as  the 
chief  of  the,  medical  department  of  the  Army  demanded  unremitting 
attention,  the  many  important  aud  valuable  improvements  made  in  and 
added  to  the  property  of  the  Home,  under  his  direction,  and  the  fact 
that  he  was  present  at  every  monthly  meeting  of  the  commissioners,  at 
the  Home,  ex;cept  six,  duriug  his  term  of  ofdce,  attest  the  jiersonal  in- 
terest and  care  bestowed  l)y  him  upon  the  institution. 

The  following  changes  have  been  made  in  the  detail  of  officers  at  the 
Home  since  September  30, 1882. 

Lieut.  Col.  John  S.  Mason,  Twentieth  Infantry,  brevet  brigadier 
general  United  States  Ariny,  was,  at  his  own  request,  relieved  as  deputy 
governor,  April  15, 1882,  aud  was  succeeded  by  Maj.  Milton  Cogswell, 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  431 

• 

retired  (brevet  ooloiiel  riiitt'»I  States  Army),  who  was  appointed  April 
18,  ISSli. 

Ca]>t.  Jonathan  1).  Stevenson,  Ei»;fhth  Cavalry,  wa«  relieved  asseere- 
tary  and  treasnrer  .Inly  20,  1SS2,  on  liix  own  request,  on  account  of  ill 
health,  and  the  duties  of  the  ofticc  were  performed  by  Colonel  Co^^^swell 
until  September  0, 1881',  when  Capt.  J^enjainin  V.  Kittenhouse  (brevet 
major  United  Sates  Army)  retired,  whose  ai)pointment  was  made  Au{,^ust 
L'3,"  1882,  took  full  charge. 
The  oflicers  now  (ui  (luty  are: 

Col.  Samuel  D.  Sturj;is,  Seventh  Cavalry  (brevet  major  general),  gov- 
ernor. 
Maj.  Milton  Cogswell  (brevet  colonel),  retired,  deputy  governor. 
Capt.  Benjamin  F.  Rittenhouse  (brevet  major),  retired,  secretary  and 
treasurer. 

Ca[>t.  Calvin  De  Witt,  assistant  surgeon  United  States  Army,  attend- 
ing surgeon. 

Very  respectfullj-,  vour  obedient  servants, 

R.  ^rACFEP:LY, 
Commissary  General  of  Suhfiistence  U.  S.  A. 
E.  C.  DRUM, 
•  Adjutant- General  U.  S.  A. 
C.  n.  CJiANE, 
Surgeon- General  U.  »>'.  J.., 
Commissioners  of  the  iSoldiers^  Home. 
The  Hon.  the  Secretary  or  War. 


KEPORT  OX  CONSTRUCTION  OF  STATE,  AVAR,  AND  NAVY 
DEPARTMENTS'  BUILDING,  1881. 

Office  of  Building  for  State,  War,  and  Navy  Depart3ients, 
Old  Building,  Navy  Department,  ITtii  Street, 

Washington,  D.  C,  July  1,  1882. 

Sir:  I  havft  the  honor  to  submit  my  animal  report  on  the  construc- 
tion of  the  building  for  State,  War,  and  Navy  Dejjartmeuts,  in  my 
charge,  for  the  tiscal  year  ending  June  oO,  1882,  as  follows: 

No  appropriation  having  yet  been  made  for  the  west  and  center  wings, 
all  operations  were  cojihned  to  the  north  wing,  continuing  without  in- 
terruption throughout  the  year.  Some  delay  has,  however,  been  o(;- 
casioued  by  the  failure  of  contractors  to  deliver  mat^'rials  within  the 
time  required  by  their  contracts,  notably  those  for  tlie  cast-iron  finish 
of  windows,  doors,  &c.,  and  for  the  juarblc  tiles  for  corridor  floor. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  fiscal  year  all  of  the  masonry  of  walls  and 
floors  was  complete,  and  also  the  greater  i)art  of  the  iron  work  of  the 
roof.  The  work  u])on  the  latter  was  continued  steadily  and  was  finally 
completed  on  Septend)er  7.  The  slating  was  nearly  finished  about  one 
week  later,  and  the  water-i)roof  copper  covering  commenced'  upon  the 
concrete  and  mortar  surfacing  which  had  followed  up  the  iron  work 
after  July  27.     The  entire  roof  was  essentially  finished  on  N(>vember  30. 

Work  uj^on  the  heating  ai)i)aratns  with  all  the  incid<'ntal  air  <lucts, 
water  sui)ply,  steam-boiler,  pumj),  tanks,  &<;.,  was  begun  on  July  1. 
It  was  practically  comideti'd  January  o,  and  was  used  for  heating' the 
building  during  the  operations  of  the  winter. 

The  cast-iron  finish,  consisting  of  window  and  door  frames,  casuigs, 
and  trimmings,  and  the  washboards  and  stair  strings,  throughout  the 


432  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

• 
building,  was  begun  l).y  the  contractors  early  in  August,  and,  as  above 
stated,  has  itrogressed  slowly  in  their  hands.  It  is  now,  however,  com- 
pleted excepting  some  stair  strings,  the  main  entrance  doors,  and  many 
of  the  doors  and  windows  of  tlie  sulvV)asenient  or  cellar;  but  the  ma- 
terial for  these  deficient  i)arts  is  mostly  on  hand,  so  that  no  further  de- 
lay to  tlie  progress  of  tlie  Imilding  from  this  ciiuse  is  anticipated. 

The  work  of  iron  furring,  lathing,  and  i)artitions  was  commenced  in 
the  building  by  the  cojitractors  on  August  20  and  liuished  during  the 
Avinter.  It  included  the  soifits,  coffers,  and  skylight  architraves  of  the 
domes  of  the  two  main  stairways,  the  interior  of  the  roof  of  the  centre  pa- 
vilion, and  thirty-one  iron  stud  partitions. 

The  granite  work  of  the  two  main  stairways  was  set  in  place  as  fast 
as  the  (;onlractor  delivered  it,  between  ^November  10  and  March  13. 

Tlie  tlooiing  of  rooniis  and  corridors  of  all  the  princii)al  stories  consists 
of  concrete,  with  a  thin  wooden  covering  in  the  rooms,  and  marble  tiles 
in  the  coiTidors.  The  attic  rooms  are  generally  floored  with  Portland 
cement  mortar  and  the  attic  halls  with  marble  tiles,  m  hile  the  sub-base- 
ment floor  is  paved  with  bricks  on  edge.  The  floors  of  the  attic,  fourth 
story,  third  story,  and  sub  basement  are  finished  excepting  the  tiling  of 
a  small  i)art  of  the  fourth-story  cori'idor  and  all  of  the  third-story  cor- 
ridor. About  one-half  of  the  woocien  flooring  of  the  second-story  rooms 
is  laid.  Proposals  were  opened  on  June  30  for  furnishing  and  laying 
parquetry  floors  in  two  rooms  in  this  story  during  the  mouth  of  Septem- 
ber next. 

All  of  the  doors  fortlie  attic  story  have  been  delivered  by  the  contractor 
and  are  hung  in  place,  and  nearly  all  of  the  sashes  of  tlie  building,  ex- 
cept the  sub  basement,  have  been  glazed  and  hung. 

Work  upon  the  passenger  elevator  has  been  commenced  and  it  is  ex- 
pected to  be  liuished  in  good  season. 

The  plastering  and  stucco  work  of  tbe  entire  building  was  let  to  the 
lowest  bidder  for  furnishing  the  labor  and  tools  required,  while  the 
government  furnished  the  materials,  hoisting,  scafltblding,  &c.  The 
Avork  has  been  accomplished  in  a  most  thorough  and  satisfactory  man- 
ner. It  was  actively  commenced  on  January  10,  and  was  nearly  finished 
by  June  1,  since  which  date  it  has  been  delayed  by  the  cast-iron  work 
on  washboards  and  stair  strings.  All  that  now  remains  to  be  done, 
however,  is  the  white-coating  of  the  basement  corridor  walls  and  the 
walls  of  the  main  stairway  wells. 

While  the  above  especially  mentioned  classes  of  work  have  been  going 
on,  all  other  principal  materials  and  tuanufactured  articles — including  the 
passenger  elevator — necessary  to  the  entire  completion  of  the  building, 
have  been  placed  under  contract  for  immediate  deUvery,  excepting  the 
tire-place  grates,  the  fresco  painting  of  the  Secretary's  rooms,  and  the 
parquetry  floor  above  mentioned.  Proposals  for  all  but  the  grat-es  are 
now"  under  advertisement,  and  the  latter  will  be  advertised  for  in  a  few 
days. 

The  running  of  gas-pipes  and  nearly  all  of  the  plumbing  work  have 
been  completed;  the  wood,  slate,  and  marble  work  of  water-closets  is 
well  advanced;  the  painting  throughout  the  building  is  about  one-third 
finished ;  a  complete  system  of  leaden  i)ipes  and  other  arrangements 
for  running  concealed  dectric  wires  throughout  the  building  has  been 
put  in  place;  the  flow  system  of  main  hot-Avater  pipes  in  the  heating 
ai)paratus  has  been  protected  with  a  non-conducting  covering;  and  the 
work  of  cleaning  and  pointing  the  stone  work  of  the  exterior  of  the 
building,  now  in" progress,  is  about  one-third  finished. 

The  contractors  for  furnishing  the  bronze  balusters  for  the  main  stair- 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    WAR. 


433 


ways  failed  to  deliver  any  of  them  on  May  1,  ae(.'or(lin<;  totbeir  contract, 
and  the  first  lot  which  finally-  arrived  had  to  be  rejected  as  below  the  re- 
quirements of  the  contract.  It  is  not  now  expecttxl  to  receive  the  lial- 
usters  required,  before  October  1,  after  whi(;h  the  inaho<cany  stair-rail- 
inpr,  now  all  ready  for  its  place,  will  i)e  i>ut  in  ])0sitiun  on  tlie  stairs.  It 
is  hoped  that  this  will  not  materially  delay  the  linal  completion  of  the 
building. 

In  the  ofiGce  the  drawings  of  the  approaches  of  this  Aving,  comprising 
a  large  amount  of  tine  stone  work,  have  been  i)rei)ared  nady  for  use 
when  the  small  apjiropriatiun,  nee<led  in  addition  to  the  funds  on 
hand,  shall  have  been  made  ior  their  consiruction. 

By  order  of  the  War  Department,  dated  November  30, 1881,  the  small 
room  in  the  sub-basement,  under  the  west  stairway  well,  was  turned 
over  to  the  Ciiief  Signal  Ofticer,  as  a  repository  for  a  standard  clock, 
and  a  special  t'ier  of  brick  masonry  inclosed  in  a  wooden  non-conduct- 
ing case,  was  constructed  by  this  ollice  at  the  expense  of  the  Signal  Of- 
fice. 

The  work  now  remaining  to  be  done  to  complete  the  building,  exclu- 
sive of  the  ai)proachos,  consists  mainly  of  tiooring,  tiling,  water-closet 
casings,  elevator,  main  stuir-railing,  j)arquetry  tiooring, fresco  jiainting, 
chandeliers,  mantels  and  grates,  hanging  of  doors,  jjainting,  the  putting 
in  position  of  iron  door  and  window  frames  of  the  sub-basement,  and 
construction  of  a  hydraulic  area  lift  in  the  court-yard. 

Following  is  a  list  of  contracts  in  fon-e  at  the  be^iinning  of  the  year, 
those  entered  into  during  the  year,  and  those  now  in  force : 


Date  of  I 
contraat.i 


Subject  of  c«ntra«t. 


Contractor. 


Amount. 


j  Prrs<;nt    con- 
dition. 


.     1«80. 
July  10 
10 
Xov.    5 

1881. 
Xov.    5 

May     a 


10 


Jiiup,    3 


Ceinfnt 

Siind 

Iron  work  of  roof,  &o 

Cut  j^auite  for  stiiii'ways. . 

Boilers,    tanks,     &c.,    for 

bi'atinjr  apji.-iral  us. 
Cast-iioii  flanjie  jiipo.  Sec, 

tor  fa.-atiii}j  Jippardtas. 
Fittirip;!!,  va  ve's,   &,c.,   for 

lieatinff  apjiaratus. 
Caitt-iron  door  and  window 

liui:ili  aud  wash-boards. 


Iron  furriii;!.  and  latbing 
and  partitions. 

0     Wron;rht  iron  pii>p 

6     Sheet  "copper  aud  iron 

27     Lumber  lor  flooiH 

July     1  '  iIalio^;aiiv  aud  l)lack  wal- 
nut luiiibi<r. 
18     Paint.s,  oUs.eoIors.bniHheH, 

!       JU-. 
18  1 1'olishod  plato.dotible  (liiek, 
and  hammered  );la.ss. 

.<?ept.  1    s-nd.: : 

Oct.    27  ,  Lim^ 

27   ,  Ox  bair  and  white  .sand 

27     I'bi.sterof  paria 

27  ;  Fuel 

Xov.    o  i  Br<inz(;  balu.stcraand  newd 
j      poHts. 
20  I  riaHt<irin;;aiidslu(>co  work 
1882      I 
Jan. '25     Hair  felt  pipe  covering. .. . 


J.  G.  &  J.  IT.  Waters... I 

John  B.  Lord •. 

J.  B.  &  J.  M.  ComoU.. 

Concord  Granite  Com- 
pany. 
Bartlett,  Hay  ward  &.  Co. 


do 

do 

Joseph  Hall  &,  Co. 


$."?,4no.. 

$079.12.. 
$71, 380 . 

$15, 984 . 

$7,108.. 

$12, 148. 

$8,698.. 


Dwight  fcHoyt 

Xatioual  Tube  Works. 

C  O.  Iliissey  At  Co 

E.  E.  JackNOD  vV  Co 

Uauiel   A.   Hall 

Geo.  Ryneal,  jr 

Edwaid  A.  Boyd 


John  B.  Lord 

'Win.  C'aininnck | 

Marv  E.  Godov I 

JoHepb  M.  Wllcatlov....: 

Wmi.  n.  Itauni I 

E.  lleury  i  Itunuard  ...^ 

EzeUiel  Smith 


$47, 836,  for  doors 
and  window.^,  05. 
80,  $1.  aud  .|l.oO 
per  fool  of  wash- 
board. 

$I1,2U1.59 , 

.$2,o;!3 


The  S,".lauuinder  Felting 
Company. 


$fi.  .Wl.DS 

$3,  KtC.  .I.'i 

$3,62X.44 

$1,,')8P,.85 

$2,231 

00  i-eiits  per  cnbic  yd 

$1.220.50 

;M,".('     

$2,  Id.  Irt 

S2.  >-!»7.  07 

$0,011 

$15,  800,  estimated... 
$659.05 


Completed. 
Do. 
Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

In  force. 


Completed. 

Do. 

Do. 
Do. 
Do. 

Da 

Do. 

In  Cf>rc«. 

Do. 
Completed. 

Do. 

Do. 
In  force. 

Do. 

Completed. 


28  Ab 


434 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 


24 
24 

Apr.  21 
•26 
26 

May  10 
10 
10 
25 

June   8 


Subject  of  contract. 


MaboKaiiy  ;"itl  ])ino  iloora. 
lirouzo  h.i:  ilwaio  . : 


Kydraiilic  (^levator 

Sliif(i    tliKir    tlasjH.    ui'inal 

mountings,     antl     sink 

l.advs. 
Wliito  niaf1)lo  basin  slabs 

aud  ba(^k.s. 
Marblo   tilus,  border  and 

door  sbibs. 

Lp.iri  sash  weights 

rtctnri)  rods  aud  Hxtnres. 

GaB  tixtiirea 

Marblo  mantels 

do 

dn 

(Jaw  cliandolicrs 

pjle vatur  Iron ts 

Area  elevator 


Contractor. 


Amount. 


PrpHRnt  con- 
dition. 


A.  IT.  AndrcwH  .t  Co... 

IJoyikiiis  and  Di(rkinson 
Mamilacturijig  Com- 
pany. 

Otis  Bros.  &Co 

Einil  FritHch 


Clia.s.  E.  Hall  &  Co  . 


ifS.  i.w... 

$;i,  113. 10. 


Vorniont  Marble  Cora- 

itanv. 
Jas.  H.  McGill  ......... 

.Tos(si)b  Nouiuann ..'.... 

Mitibcll,  Vance  &  Co.. 

Adolpli  Klabi'r 

A.  L.  Faiu-bere  &.  Co.. 

Cha.s.  E.  Hall  &  Co 

C(M-)ieliu.'^i  (jo 

Miinly  aud  (!oo])ftr  Man- 

iiiVictuiing  Company. 
Geo.  C.  Howard 


$1.5,  .'iiio 

$1,1:5:3.00 


.$141 

$6, 602. 87,  estimated 


.$1,021.11.. 
$1,(101). :'.(».. 
$1,401. 2.5.. 

$1,508 

.$2,012 

$1,  S2U 

$0,670 

$1,450 

$700 


Ill  force. 

Do. 


D... 
Coiniilcted. 


Do 

In  force. 

Completed. 
In  force. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 


PROBABLE   OPERATIONS  FOR   FISCAL   YEAR  lS82-'83. 

It  is  expected  to  complete  tlie  north  wing'  of  the  bnildiiiij,  except  the 
approache.s,  and  liaveit  ready  I'or  occupancy  by  December  25, 1882,  and 
to  commence  work  on  the  approaches  before  that  time.  Shoukl  the  ap- 
propriation of  $100,000  now  asked  for  to  complete  the  approaches  be 
granted  at  this  session  of  Congress,  it  is  expected  that  the  season  will 
not  have  become  so  far  advanced  as  to  prevent  the  delivery  of  the  cut 
granite  and  the  flagging,  all  of  which  have  yet  to  be  put  under  contract, 
early  enough  to  enable  the  approaches  to  be  entirely  completed  in  the 
fall  of  1883. 

STATEMENT   OF  FUNDS. 

Total  amount  expended  to  July  1, 1882,  on  n,ortb  wing $1,662,  918  02 

Balance  of  appropriu,tion  on  liand  July  1,  1882 215,  0(52  58 

New  appropriatiou  required  +0  complete  the  north  wing  approachss..         100,  000  00 


WEST  AND   CENTRE  WINGS. 

No  appropriation  has  yet  been  made  for  these  wings — the  last  now 
required  to  complete  the  building.  An  estimate  of  $450,000  was  sub- 
mitted in  my  last  annual  report,  which  amount,  if  appropriated  at  the 
present  session  of  Congress,  will  enable  contracts  to  be  made  for  a  com- 
mencement upon  tlie  preparation  of  cut  granite.  For  the  fiscal  year 
ending  June  30,  1884,  however,  the  sum  of  $500,000  should  be  appro- 
priated to  enable  the  work  of  clearing  the  site,  laying  foundations,  and 
building  the  walls  of  the  lower  stories  to  be  carried  on,  aud  to  prevent 
delay  or  interruption  in  the  preparation  of  cut  granite. 

THOS.  LINCOLN  CASEY, 
Lieutenant- Colonel  Corps  of  jEng^ineers, 

United  States  Army,  in  charge. 

Hon.  Egbert  T.  Lincoln, 

Secretary  of  War. 


KEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAK.  435 


BEPOKT  OF  THE  CHIEF  OF  ENGINEERS. 

Office  of  the  Chief  of  Engineers, 

United  States  Army, 
}Ya8hington,  D.  C,  October  10,  18S2. 

Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  present  for  your  information  the  following 
report  upon  the  duties  and  operations  of  the  Engineer  Department  for 
the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1882 : 

officers  of  the  corps  of  engineers. 

The  number  of  officers  holding  commissions  in  the  Corps  of  Engineers, 
United  States  Army,  at  the  end  of  the  fiscal  year  was  101  on  the  active 
list  and  9  on  the  retired  list;  the  latter,  however,  nnder  tbe  law  of  Janu- 
ary IJl,  1870,  not  being  available  for  duty. 

Since  the  last  annual  report  the  Corps  has  lost,  by  death  and  retire- 
ment, six  of  its  ofiicers :  Lieut.  Col.  Nathaniel  Michl«r,  who  died  at 
Saratoga  Springs,  N.  Y.,  July  17,  18S1;  Maj.  Charles  W.  Howell,  who 
died  at  New  Orleans,  La.,  April  5,  1882 ;  Maj.  William  J.  Twining,  who 
died  at  Washington,  D.  C,  May  5,  1882;  Lieut.  Col.  Eobert^.  William- 
son, who  was  retired  June  23,  1882,  in  conformity  with  provisions  of 
section  12i>l,  Revised  Statutes;  and  Cols.  Henry  W.  Benham  aiid  John 
N.  Macomb,  who  were  retired  June  30,  1882,  under  the  provisions  of 
section  1  of  the  act  of  Congress  approved  June  30,  1882. 

There  have  been  added  to  the  Corps,  by  promotion  of  graduates  of  the 
Military  Academy,  one  second  lieutenant  and  two  additional  second 
lieutenants,  whose  commissions  date  from  June  13,  18S2,  but  who  did 
not  become  available  for  duty  until  alter  the  close  of  the  year,  and  are, 
therefore,  not  included  in  the  strength  of  the  Corps. 

On  the  .30th  of  June,  1882,  the  officers  were  distributed  as  follows : 

On  duty,  Office  Chief  of  En <jjinefcr8,  inclnding  the  Chief 4 

On  duty,  fortifications  and  li^ht-house  duty 1 

On  duty,  fortificati<in8  and  river  and  harbor  works 1I{ 

On  duty,  fortifications,  river  and  luubor  worl<s,  and  lifjlit-houso  duty 1 

On  duty,  fortiiicatious,  river  and  harbor  works,  and  "The  Mississippi  River  Cora- 
mission" 1 

Oil  duty,  Board  of  Engineers 1 

On  duty,  Board  of  Engineers  and  river  and  liarbor  vrorka 1 

On  duty,  Board  of  Engineers,  fortifieations,  and  river  and  harbor  works 2 

On  duty,  Board  of  Eujjiueeis,  fortifications,  river  and  harbor  works,  and  light- 
house duty 1 

On  duty,  Board  of  Engineers,  Battalion  of  Engineers,  and  fortifications 1 

Ou  duty,  river  and  liarlior  works 31 

On  duty,  riyr  and  harbor  works,  light-house  duty,  and  "Tlie  Mississippi  River 

Commissi 'Jii" 1 

Ou  duty,  river  and  harbor  works  and  light-houst  duty y 

Ou  duty,  ^survey  of  northern  and  northwestern  lakes  and  "The  Mississippi  River 

Commission" 1 

On  duty,  jetties  at  mouth  of  Mississippi  Rivor,  fortifications,  and  light-house 

duty 1 

On  duty  with  Battalion  of  Engine<  ra 10 

Oil  spcci.nl  duly  in  Eniojie 1 

On  stalf  of  General  eominanding  Department,  and  on  river  and  harbor  works 1 

On  con8trucli"n  of  building  for  State,  War,  and  Navy  Dej)aitnient3,  Washington 

Aqueduct,  and  conslruction  of  Washington  National  Monument 1 

On  duty,  fortiiicatious,  river  and  harbor  Works,  and  construction  of  Yorktown 

Monument 1 

Detached,  on  duty  with  the  Oenmil  of  the  Army,  Generals  commanding  Divisions 
and  Dej»artni!fnt8,  iJglit-hiMisf  Establislinunt,  Military  Academy,  the  Board  of 
Commissioners  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  "Tlie  Mississii)pi  River  Commis- 
sion," and  on  special  duty  in  Europe 28 


436  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THK 

The  officers  detadicd  were  on  dutj'  as  follows  : 

Col.  Willijini  F.  IxayuoldH,  etifiincer  fourth  liglit-liousc  district 1 

Lieut.  Col.  J.  C.  l)uaiie,  cii<i;inc<r  tliinl  liglit.-liouHe  diHtrict 1 

Jjieiit.  Col.  O.  M.  V(h;  on  shill"  of  General  of  tins  Army 1 

Miij.  O.  E.  BalK'ock,  engineer  tiltii  light-bouse  diHtrict 1 

Maj.  P,  C.  Ha  ins,  engineer  .sixth  light-houBe  district 1 

Maj.  F.  U.  Farqnhar,  engineer  Hecretary  to  Light-House  Board 1 

Maj.  G.  J.  Lyclecker,  Engineer  Connnis.sioner  District  of  Colninhia 1 

Maj.  W.  A.  .Jones,  ou  stall' of  Major-General  coniniaiidiiig  Division  of  th«  Pacific.  1 

Capt.  \V.  K.  Livcrniore,  on  staft Of  Connnanding  General  Dej)artiiieut  of  Texas  ..  1 

Capt,  J.  F.  Gregory,  on  start' of  Lieutenant-Geueral,  Division  of  the  Missouri 1 

Capt.  C.  E.  L.  li.  Davis,  engineer  tenth  light-house  district 1 

Capt.  G.  M.  AVlK'cler,  in  connection  with  Third  luternational  Exliibitiou  of  Geog- 
raphy at  Venice,  Italy 1 

Capt8.  J.  G.   D.  Kniglit  and  W.  L.  Marshall,  in  charge  and  disburbiug  oflicers  of 

Avorks  under  "The  Mississippi  River  Conimi.ssiou" 2 

Capt.  W.  S.  Stanton  and  Lieut.  H.  S.  Taber,  on  duty  with  Company  E,  Battalion 

of  Engineers,  and  at  Military  Academy 2 

Lieuts.  Eric  Bergiand,  Willard  Young,  S.*W.  Roessler,  and  J.  L.  Lusk,  on  duty  at 

the  Mi  lit  ary  Academy 4 

Ca])t.  R.  L.  Hoxic  and  Lieut.  F.  V.  Greene,  assistants  to  Engineer  Conunissioner 

of  the  D'strict  of  Columbia 2 

Lieut.  G.  J.  Fiebeger,  on  statf  of  Commanding  General,  Department  of  Arizona..  1 
Lieut.   D.  C.  Kingman,  ou  stafif  of  Commanding  General,  Department  of  the 

Platte » 1 

Lieut.  T.  N.  Bailey,  on  staff  of  Commanding  General,  Department  of  the  Missouri .  1 
Lieut.  T,  "VV.  Symons,  on  staff  of  Commanding  General,  Department  of  the  Co- 
lumbia   1 

Capt.  C.  B.  Sears,  executive  officer  of  "  The  Mississippi  River  Commission,"  assist- 
ant and  secretary  to  the  committee  on  construction,  and  disbursing  oliicer  under 

the  Commission 1 

Lieut.  S.  S.  Leach,  secretary  and  disbursing  officer  of  "  The  Mississipj)!  Ri^er 

Commission  " 1 

28 
SEA-COAST  AND    LAKE-FRONTIER  DEFENSES. 

No  appro) >riatioiis  for  new  works  or  for  the  modification  of  onr  exist- 
ing sea-coast  defenses  have  been  made  for  many  years.  These  latter 
consist  of  two  classes — casemate  defenses  and  earthen  defenses.  Onr 
casemate  defenses,  than  which  there  were  none  stronger  in  the  world  in 
their  time,  were  built  in  the  days  of  smooth-bore  guns,  and  when  wooden 
walls  were  the  only  protection  of  guns  afloat;  but  the  masonry  scari)S 
of  these  defenses,  long  since  out  of  date,  would  not  adequately  resist 
the  fire  of  the  powerful  rified  guns  with  which  the  powers  of  Europe 
have  armed  their  ships  of  war,  and  the  casemates  or  gutj-rooras  are 
too  small  in  all  their  dimensions  for  the  use  of  modern  sea-coast  artillery. 
The  fronts  of  modern  casemated  works  are  either  constructed  entirely 
of  iron,  or  haA'e  massive  shields  of  iron  for  the  protection  of  guns  and 
gunners.     AVe  have  not  a  single  work  of  either  kind. 

The  parapets  and  traverses  of  earthen  batteries,  when  constructed  of 
thicknesses  now  deemed  sufficient  by  military  engineers,  require  grt*at  de- 
velopment of  space,  many  times  greater  than  formerly,  and  the  sites  at 
the  headlands  and  within  many  of  oirr  harbors  suitable  for  the  defense 
of  our  cities,  navy-yards,  and  arsenals  of  supply  by  means  of  such  bat- 
teries are  comparatively  few.  Most  of  these  sites  are  now  occupied  by 
earthworks,  some  of  which  were  constructed  many  years  ago.  TJieir 
parapets  are  thin,  their  traverses  are  not  high  enough  or  thick  enough 
to  meet  the  requirements  of  a  good  defense,  and  some  are  without  any 
traverses  whatever,  and  are  antitpiated  and  inetficient.  While  the  re- 
maining number  of  oiu*  earthen  batteries  are  comi)arativ<'ly  modern 
and  have  thick  parapets,  high  and  thick  bonneted  traverses,  well-pro- 
tected magazine  and  shell  rooms,  and  platforms  adapted  for  modern  can- 


Rp:rORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    WAR.  437 

noil,  they  were  but  ])artially  finished  when  Congress  ceased  to  make 
appropriations  for  fortifications,  and  they  are  fast  being  destroyed  by 
the  elements  by  reason  of  their  inconipletiou. 

In  respect  of  submarine  mines  or  tor])edoes  we  are  better  prepared, 
altlioiigh  much  remains  to  be  done  to  make  this  part  of  our  system 
complete,  as  will  be  seen  further  on.  Although  torpedoes  cannot  be  re- 
lied upon  alone  to  exclude  the  war  ships  of  an  enemy,  for  the  reason 
that  if  he  is  not  exposed  to  the  fire  of  fortifiations  on  shore  he  can  by 
means  of  his  boats  grapple  for  and  remove  the  tori)edoes  at  his  leisure, 
they  are  an  indisjiensable  adjunct  to  fortifications  in  modern  harbor  de- 
fense. As  many  torpedoes  as  the  appropriations  for  the  purpose  have 
allowed  have  been  purchased  and  stored  in  the  fortifications  of  some  of 
our  principal  harbors,  ready  to  be  jilanted  in  their  channels  and  fairways 
and  considerable  numbers  of  electrical  instruments  for  firing  them  from 
the  shore  have  also  been  acquired.  Whde  this  has  been  done,  and  the 
plans  of  the  torpedo  lines  and  groups  have  been  prepared  for  some  of  the 
most  important  of  our  harbors,  they  could  not  successfully  be  utilized  in 
the  event  of  war  for  the  want  of  the  subterranean  masonry  galleries 
leading  from  th^  fortifications  to  low- water  which  are  necessary  for  car- 
rying the  wires  connecting  the  torpedo  lines  with  the  electrical  instru- 
ments on  shore.  These  instruments  must  be  placed  in  chambers  within 
the  fortifications,  hidden  from  the  enemy's  view  and  protected  from  his 
shot  and  shell.  Xor  have  the  chambers  themselves  been  constructed, 
except  in  a  very  few  instances,  for  the  reason  that  appropriations  have 
not  been  made  for  them,  although  this  department  has  for  some  years 
past,  in  its  annual  reports,  presented  the  impolicy  of  delaying  these  im- 
])ortant  constructions  until  the  breaking  out  of  foreign  war. 

In  former  elaboraie  reports  from  this  department,  esi)ecially  the  re- 
ports tor  the  years  1880  an<l  1881,  it  has  been  endeavored  to  invoke  the 
attention  to  our  unproparedness  for  war,  and  to  show  that  modern  for- 
tifications require  many  years  for  their  construction,  and  that  we  are 
icmost  utterly  lackfng  in  such  fortifications;  that  neither  our  geograph- 
alal  position,  nor  our  forbearance,  nor  the  equity  of  our  policy,  can  avail 
to  prevent  our  being  engaged,  sooner  or  later,  in  foreign  war;  that  when 
war  comes  in  these  days,  it  often  comes  suddenly;  that  to  be  prepared 
for  war  is  often  to  prevent  it;  that  some  of  the  richest  of  our  cities  and 
the  most  iini)ortant  of  our  navy-yards  and  arsenals  of  supply  for  our 
armies  are  within  easy  reach  of  the  naval  depots  of  some  of  the  most 
powerful  of  maritime  nations,  and  that  in  a  few  days  after  the  declara- 
tion of  war  it  is  possible  for  the  enemy's  fleets  to  run  into  our  harbors 
and  in  a  few  hours  destroy  iirimense  amounts  of  the  property,  which,  under 
present  conditions  would  be  ex])osed  to  his  shot  and  shell,  and  which 
has  been  estimated  at  82,000,000,000;  that,  however  powerful  in  num- 
bers and  valor  our  armies  may  be,  without  the  aid  of  fortifications  and 
their  accessories  they  cannot  j)revent  the  destruction  of  our  seaboard 
cities  by  the  shii)s  of  a  maritime  foe,  and  that,  while  reliance  can  be  had 
in  no  other  mode  of  defense,  a  defense  by  fortifications  and  torpedoes  is 
the  most  efficient,  the  most  enduring,  and  the  least  expensive. 

Our  present  system  of  sea-coast  defense  is  the  same  as  that  which  has 
been  steadily  pursued  by  this  dej)artment  from  the  first,  excepting  the 
changes  whieh  have  been  brought  about  l)y  tiie  introduction  of  tor]te- 
does  into  modein  warfare  (and  these  have  added  much  more  to  the  de- 
fense than  to  the  attack),  l)utour  fortificatimis  must  l)e  made  very  much 
sti'onger  than  formerly.  The  conditions  which  must  be  tilled  by  this 
system  may  be  stated  as  follows: 

Efficient  fortifications  must  command  from  the  shores  exterior  to  our 


438  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 

harbors  all  tlio  waters  from  wliicli  tlio  onciny  can  rojicli  our  i-WwH  and 
navy-yards  with  liis  sliot  and  .slKill;  llic  liarbor  mouMis  jiimI  all  tln^  nar- 
row i)aHses  within  them  mn«t  also  b^  occupied,  and  if  nuture  has  not 
aflbrdcd  all  the  ])osition.s  deemed  refjuisite,  othei.s  must,  if  ])racticable, 
be  formed  artili(;ial!y,  so  that  the  enemy  may  nowhere  Jind  .slu'lt«!r  from 
our  lire  wliile  lyinj;'  within  our  harbors,  should  he  snceeed  in  jjassiug 
the  outer  lines  of  works.  The  harl)or  months  and  channels  must  be 
obstructed  by  lines  of  electrical  torpedoes  for  holding  the  enemy's  ves- 
sels under  fire  of  the  fortifications.  Tliese  must  be  previously  con- 
structed and  stored  in  the  latter,  and  laid,  on  the  advent  of  war,  in 
systems,  the  i)lans  of  which  have  been  carefully  elaborated  in  time  of 
peace  by  studies  of  the  local  charts  and  tidal  currents,  each  harbor 
having  its  own  system  recorded  in  this  department.  The  wires  for  con- 
ducting!: the  current  from  the  electric  apparatus  on  shore  must  at  the 
same  time  be  laid  securely  in  subterranean  galleries,  carried  out  to 
low-water,  and  the  electric  machines  themselves  must  be  }>laced  in 
chambers  within  the  fortifications,  hidden  from  the  enemy,  aiul  secured 
beyond  all  peradveuture  from  his  direct  and  curved  fire.  These  gal- 
leries and  chambers  must  be  covered  with  heavy  masonry  arches  and 
great  masses  of  earth,  and  the  former,  to  be  effitiient,  nnist  be  indu- 
rated, and  the  latter  compacted  by  time.  The  tor])edo  lines  must  be 
served  by  officers  selected  from  the  Engineers  and  Artillery,  assisted 
by  detachments  from  a  torpedo  cor])S  of  intelligent  and  skilled  Engineer 
soldiers,  and  both  officers  and  men  must  be  thoroughly  instructed  in 
the  theory  and  practice  of  electricity  and  tori)edo  obstructions,  for  they 
must  know  how  to  render  the  torpedoes  instantly  harmless  for  our  own 
vessels  or  active  against  an  enemy's.  Heavy  mortars  must  be  placed  in 
large  numbers  to  command  all  those  positions  where  an  enemy  is  likely 
to  anchor  within  their  range,  either  for  the  purpose  of  tampering  with 
or  destroying  our  torpedo  lines,  or  shelling  our  cities  and  public  depots 
of  military  and  naval  supplies.  The  efficiency  of  mortar  batteries 
against  shipping  is  acknowledged  by  all  military  engineers;  it  is  fully 
aijpreciated  by  the  navies  of  all  nations,  and  they  are  comparatively 
inexpensive.  Our  guns  and  mortars  must  be  capable  of  piercing  the 
sides  of  his  iron-clads  and  of  breaking  in  his  decks,  and  they  must  be 
mounted  in  numbers  sufficient  to  make  it  impossible  for  any  of  his  fast- 
running  war  steamers  to  get  past  our  works. 

That  our  actual  sea-coast  defenses  are  farfrom  filling  these  conditions 
is  evident  from  what  has  preceded,  and  to  this  it  may  be  added  that  our 
fortifications,  such  as  they  are,  are  but  i)artially  armed,  even  with  the 
old  ordnance ;  many  of  our  gun  batteries  -are  without  guns,  and  our 
mortar  batteries  are  without  mortars;  we  have  no  carriages  for  barbette 
guns  of  large  size,  except  those  which  require  tiie  cannoneers  to  mount 
the  parapet  to  load,  thus  exposing  them  to  be  picked  off  in  detail  by  an 
enemy's  sharpshooters;  and  we  have  less  than  two  hundred  Engineer 
soldiers  for  torpedo  and  all  other  engineer  service,  Avhile  five  hundred 
and  twenty  is  the  least  number  which  should  be  available  to  supply  the 
detachments  required  for  torpedo  duty  alone  in  our  fortified  harbors. 

It  is  believed  that  there  is  hardly  any  civilized  nation  so  illy  jjrepared 
for  war,  as  far  as  maritime  defenses  are  concerned,  as  the  United  States. 
The  European  powers  have  not  neglected  to  avail  themselves  of  the  re- 
sults ©f  their  extended  experiments  and  of  the  experience  gained  in 
modern  wars,  and  they  have  expended  large  sums  of  money  in  the  use 
of  iron  for  their  coast  defenses,  both  in  the  form  of  turrets  and  of  straight 
scarps,  and  to  a  limited  degree  in  the  construction  of  earthworks  of 
great  strength. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  439 

It  may  be  that  we  are  wiser  than  tbey  in  leaviu;;'  tbe  question  «»f  coast 
defense  in  abeyance;  buttlie  coin'inrent  Judgmont  and  actions  of  nearly 
all  other  civilized  countries  resjiccting  tiscir  own  dangers  does  not  war- 
rant this  opinion. 

In  this  connection  attention  is  invitctl  to  a  ineliniinary  rei)ort,  which 
is  appended  hereto,  by  Lieutenant  IJixl>y,  Corps  of  l-^ngineers,  who,  liy 
your  direction,  has  visited  most  of  the  inaiitiine  countries  of  Europe  for 
the  ])urpose  of  ])rocuriug  certain  information  res]>ecting  their  use  of 
iron  in  sea-coast  defenses.     (8ee  appendix  .'3,  page  435.) 

Tlie  estimates  submitted,  based  on  the  several  e>ti  mates  of  the  ofBcera 
in  charge,  exhibit  tlie  amounts  which  are  deeuied  necessary  for  the  com- 
mencement, the  continuance,  and  the  completion  of  the  several  works 
of  delense  during  the  next  iiscal  year. 

Attention  is  invited  to  the  estimate  of  $100,00t)  for  continuing  the 
purchase  of  torpedoes,  to  be  stored  in  our  fort iticatioi*s,  and  jilanted,  on 
the  advent  of  war,  in  the  channels  and  fairways  of  our  imrbors,  and  for 
providing  such  i)Ortions  of  the  electric  apparatus  by  which  the  torpedo 
lines  are  to  be  tired  as  cannot  readily  be  obtained  in  the  event  of  sud- 
den hostilities.  The  material  is  not  liable  to  deteriorate,  and  in  the 
judgment  of  the  Board  of  Engineers  for  Fortitit;ations  not  less  than 
$100,000  should  be  expended  annually  for  several  years  to  <'omc  in  pro- 
viding these  most  necessary  supplies. 

Attention  is  also  invited  to  the  item  of  $200,000  lor  preparing  our  most 
impgrtant  fortitications  for  operating  torpedo  lines,  by  providing  bo^nb- 
proof  chambers  for  the  electrical  a])paratus,  and  the  bomb-proof  subter- 
ranean galleries  through  which  the  electric  wires  are  to  be  (tarried  to 
deep  water;  all  these  being  essential  to  the  oi)eration  of  the  torpetlo 
system  of  defense  in  connection  with  the  Ibrtiticatious  themselves.  Tlie 
Board  of  Engineers  for  Fortitications,  whose  suggestive  and  valuable 
report  will  be  found  on  page  411,  urges  its  views  on  this  important 
matter  as  follows: 

Tho  debate  in  Congress  njion  the  bill  making  provision  for  the  cnrrenr  year  renders 
it  evident  that  the  vast  iraportuuce  of  preparing  our  forts  t'ov  siuce.'^sfully  operating 
and  defending  the  torpedoes  was  not  understood.  Without  sucliiireiiaration  it  would 
•be  of  little  n.se  to  have  them  in  readiness.  They  are  all  couUolled  by  electricity.  To 
convey  the  electrical  current  insulated  wires  must,  extend  from  a  si-oure  bomb-proof 
to  each  torpedo.  If  the^^e  wires  are  not  buried  so  deeply  in  the  i-arth  a^  to  bo  out  of 
the  reach  of  hostile  artillery  fire,  a  single  lui.ky  shot  may  destroy  tlie  powor  of  ex- 
ploding all  the  mines,  and  hence  may  open  the  channel  to  the  I'liemy.  Very  low  of 
on r  forts  are  providrd  with  theso,  bomb-proof  operating-rooUiS  and  riiblc-shafts  and 
galleries,  and  a  spe(i;:l  approi)riatiou  is  required  for  constructing  them.  After  the 
breaking  out  of  war  the  needful  time  would  be  lacking,  and  this  nnitter  cannot  be 
urged  in  too  strong  language.  The  cost  will  be  small — jirob.ibly  s20O,0O0  would 
cover  the  more  iniijortant  stations  on  the  Atlantic  coast— and  it  is  recommended  that 
a  special  item  for  tliis  purpose  be  inserted  in  the  l)ill  f.ir  the  coming  year.  Tln-se 
preparations  are  as  necessary  to  our  toi-jjcdoes  as  triggers  are  to  our  rided  muskets; 
in  fact,  they  may  jierform  a  like  function. 

I  beg  leave  to  quote  from  the  same  report  the  views  of  the  Board  of 
Engineers  tor  Fiutitications  respecting  the  necessity  for  Lncreasiug  the 
number  of  enbsted  men  in  the  Battalion  of  Engineers: 

Eefore  any  reasouable  expectation  of  successfully  defending  our  coast  with  torpe- 
does cau  bo  entertained  another  nuitter  should  reeeivi!  attention.  Torpedoes  will  not 
plant  and  operate  lheui.sel ves.  Tiiis  must  bn  dom^  by  .soldiers  spefjuily  trainod  in  the 
use  of  electricity  and  instructed  in  certain  ditlieiilt  and  delicate  mechanical  opera- 
tions, lu  every  nation  this  duty  is  dev<dved  ujion  the  Engineer  troojjs.  and  Congre^w 
ba.s  made  the  same  jirovision  f\u- our  .service.  The  iiattalion  orgaui/.aiiou  jirovidiil  by 
law  '3  suQiolent  for  tiio  ])Mrpo.se;  but  the  restriction  of  the  total  enlisted  tbree  of  the 
Army  to  'J.5,000  men,  and  the  jirc^-ing  need  of  troops  to  ]jtrforiu  ]iolifc  duty  auiongtUo 
Indiansou  the  plains,  has  so  ri-dueed  tin-  authorized  strengih  of  the  Hatlalion  thatlmly 
about  100  men  are  under  instruction  for  defending  our  whole  sea-coust  unU  luke  frontier. 


440  PAFKIia    ACCOMPANYING    THE      • 

Tliisdifilciiltv  is  best,  met  by  tliei)lan  sugf^estod  l)y  tbefJenernl  of  (ho  Army  in  1879,  viz,' 
to  ))lacotlio  KngiiK-rrlrooiisiipoii  llicsuiiic,  lootiiiir  ;is  loi'fcriiitiii^r  ji.h  iIjo  Signal  Service 
men.  Tin-  latUu' ar'^  not  included  in  lho2'),0U0  men  to  whicli  llie  .sln-ngtb  of  the  Army 
is  rostrietcd  by  law.  A  provision  to  this  effect  would  allow  the  President  to  recruit  the 
Battalion  to  a  niaxinmiu  streu;',!!!  of  7;)2  men,  which  would  be  snrtieicnt  for  jmisent 
needs.  These  ni<m  are  exeellent  liuldiers,  Ihoronjcbly  instructed  and  diseij)lined,  and 
inferior  to  no  othejs  in  the  service.  In  tbe  comjidtition  last  year  for  the  Nevada 
trophy,  ofiered  for  i-xccdlenco  in  niarksmnnship,  and  ojien  to  the  entire  Army,  one  of 
the  Enffineer  eouipaiiies  took  the  second  place.  These  troops  are  as  available  as  any 
others  for  nse  .-is  infantry  in  any  sudden  emergency,  while  their  si)eeial  training  and 
knowledge  as  the  Torpedo  Corps  of  the  Army  would  make  them  of  inestimable  value 
tihonld  our  coasts  be  attacked  iiy  a  niiritime  power.  This  increase  would  be  restricted 
entirely  to  enlisted  men.  and  would  involve  an  expenue  insignificant  in  proportion  to 
tlie  interests  involved. 

Tlie  forej?oinjj^  o])inions  of  the  Board  of  Engineers  for  Fortifications  on 
the  important  questions  just  referred  to,  have  my  hearty  concnrrence. 

I  slioiild  add  tlint  for  some  years  past  the  sura  of  $175,000  has  been 
annually  a|)i)ro)>riated  for  tlie  protection,  preservation,  and  rei)air  of 
our  fort  ill  cations,  whicli  more  than  any  other  national  structures,  with 
the  exce])tion,  perhaps,  of  light-houses,  are  subject  to  the  destructive 
and  deteriorating-  etfects  of  tlie  sea.  The  same  amount  will  be  found  in 
the  estimates  for  tlie  next  fiscal  year. 

WASHINGTON  AQUEDUCT. 

Officer  in  charge,  Lieut.  Col.  Thomas  Lincoln  Casey,  Corps  of  Engi- 
neers. 

The  funds  appropriated  for  the  Washington  Aqueduct  for  the  past 
year  were  simply  for  its  repair  and  maintenance  and  the  necessary  over- 
sight, to  insure  a  regular  supply  of  water  to  the  city. 

During  the  year  the  level  of  the  water  in  the  distributing  reservoir 
Av  as  raised  to  reference  (140')  above  datum,  and  the  quantity  of  overflow 
from  this  reservoir  at  the  close  of  June  was  close  upon  30,000,000  of 
gallons  for  twenty-four  hours. 

The  estimates  of  the  officer  in  charge  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
30,  1884,  are  as  follows : 

For  engineering,  maintenance,  repairs,  and  con.stniction $55,000  00 

By  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  the  charge  of  the  Washington 
Aqueduct  was,  August  11,  1882,  transferred  to  Maj,  G.  J.  Ly decker, 
Corps  of  Engineers,  Engineer  Commissioner  of  the  District  of  Columbia ; 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Casey  being  relieved  at  his  own  request. 

IMPEOVEMENT    AND    CARE    OF    PUBLIC    BUILDINGS    AND 
GROUNDS  IN  THE   DISTRICT   OF  COLUMBIA. 

Officer  in  charge,  Col.  A.  F.  Eockwell,  TJ.  S.  A. 

In  addition  to  the  care  extended  to  the  public  grounds  in  the  Dis- 
trict of  Columbia  necessary  for  their  proi>er  maintenance,  snch  marked 
j)rogress  was  made  in  the  grounds  south  of  the  Executive  Mansion  as 
to  cause  them  to  present  quite  an  inviting  and  park-like  appearance. 
A  most  satisfactory  improvement  was  made  in  Mount  Vernon  Square 
by  the  removal  of  the  asphaltum  carriage-ways  formerly  traversing  it, 
and  the  small  triangular  reservation  at  the  intersectionsof  Ehode  Island 
avenue  and  Ninth  and  Q  streets  northwest  was  graded,  planted,  and 
jjroperl^  inclosed. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECEETARY  OF  WAK.  441 

Attention  is  invited  to  the  dftailed  report  of  the  officer  in  charge,  and 
his  estimates  for  the  coming  fiscal  year  are  recommended,  as  follows: 

For  improvemeut  and  care  of  public  bnililiugs  and  (grounds SlS^-J,  500  00 

For  compeusatioii  of  persons  einploved  on  and  around  public  buildings 

and  grounds '. 48,400  00 

For  continf^ent  and  incidental  fcxpcuKcs 50(j  00 

For  rent  of  oflice  public  buildings  and  grounds .- 600  00 

232,0(X>  00 
MISSISSIPPI  RIVER  COMMISSION. 

This  Commission,  organized  under  the  provisions  of  the  act  of  June 
28,  1879,  re])(»rts  to  and  receives  instructions  from  the  Secretary  of  War 
through  this  office. 

Information  regarding  the  progress  of  the  Commission  in  its  duties 
was  transmitted  to  Congress,  as  required  by  the  above  act,  in  a  report 
daced  November  21, 1881,  which  was  printed  as  Senate  Ex.  Doc.  No.  10, 
Forty-seventh  Congress,  first  session. 

Tliis  r(])ort  of  the  Commission,  exclusive  of  its  appendixes,  together 
with  a  minority  report  of  ^Nlr.  James  B.  Eads,  a  member  of  the  Com- 
mission, is  attached.  And  also  the  message  of  the  President  of  April 
17,  1882,  transmitting  to  Congress  a  letter  from  the  Secretary  of  War, 
inclosing  a  reconinicudation  from  tlie  ]Mississii)pi  Kiver  Commission 
that  an  appropriation  of  $1,010,000  might  be  made  for  closing  existing 
gaps  in  levees  in  addition  to  the  like  sum  for  which  an  estimate  had 
already  been  submitted.    This  was  printed  as  Senate  Ex.  Doc.  No.  159. 

MILITARY,    GEOGRAPHICAL,    AND    LAKE    SURVEY    MAPS. 
In  the  Office  of  the  Chief  of  Engineers. 

The  compilation  of  the  new  outline  map  of  the  Territory  of  the  United 
States  west  of  the  Mississippi,  scale  v. trs o-itoit?  ^^^  been  completed;  the 
northwestern  sheet  has  been  engraved  on  stone,  and  considerable  prog- 
ress has  been  made  in  engraving  the  southeastern  and  southwestern 
sheets. 

The  compilation  of  a  new  outline  map  of  the  United  States  on  a  scale 
<^>f  sTToinnTo  has  been  commenced,  and  some  progress  made. 

The  following  maps  have  been  photolithographed  and  an  edition 
printed : 

Map  of  Nebraska,  soalo  ^yg'oco.  t)y  Capt.  W.  S.  Stanton,  Corps  of  Engiueors,  1881. 

Map  of  the  Dojtartnient  of  the  Columbia,  scale  16  miles  to  1  inch,  by  Lieut.  T.  W. 
Synious,  Cor])9  of  Kiiirinct  rs,  1881. 

Map  of  tin;  Mis.-issippi  Kiver  from  Lake  Itasca  to  tbo  Falls  of  Saint  Anthony,  in  17 
shoots,  scale  1  mile  to  1  inch,  by  Capl .  Chas.  J .  Alien,  Coi-jis  of  Enginoors,  18el. 

Map  of  Lower  Egypt  and  the  adjacent  country,  compiled  in  the  Office  of  the  Chief 
of  Engiueors,  If^f'-i. 

Plaie23,  to  illustrate  the  final  report  of  the  survey  of  the  Northern  and  Northwestern 
Lakes. 

The  following  have  been  engraved  on  stone  and  printed: 

Maj)  of  the  Dei)artuient  of  the  Columbia,  prepared  by  Lieut.  Thos.  W.  Symons,  Corps 
of  Engineers,  188".i. 

Plates  24,iir>,5>G.  27,  28,  20,  and  30,  to  illustrate  the  final  report  of  the  survey  of  the 
Northern  and  Northwestern  Lakes. 

Th(^  following  engraved  i»lat»\<<  of  charts  of  the  Northern  and  North- 
westoiii  Lakes  have  been  electrotyped : 
Lake  Ontario  coast  cliiirt.  No.  2. 
Lake  Ontario  coast  chart,  No,  4. 
Lake  Erie  coast  chait.  No.  1. 


442  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE     * 

Lake  Eric  coasl.  cli.-jiL  No.  Tj. 

North  eij<l  oI'Lukd  Mi<;)iigaii. 

South  end  oCLako  Mi<lii;;ai). 

Lake  Mi(,hi.<;aii  roasi  cliart,  No.  T). 

Lake  Michif^aii  coast  chart,  Xo.  (>. 

Lake  Mit:bi;;aii  coast  cliart,  No.  7. 

Detroit  River. 

Saint  Clair  Kivcr. 

Saint  liawrcncc  Ifivcr. 

Lake  Erie  coa.st  chart,  No.  7,  is  in  the  hands  of  th^-  on^jr-nvcr. 

GEOGRAPiriCAL  SURVEYS  OF  THE  TERRITORY  OF  THE 
UNITED  STATES  WEST  OF  THE  ONE  HUNDREDTH  ME- 
RIDIAN. 

Officer  in  charf;e,  Fir.st  Lieut.  M.  M.  Macomb,  Foiirtli  IT.  S.  Artillery. 

No  field-work  was  doue  during  tbe  year,  there  being  no  funds  avail- 
able for  that  purpose. 

Tlie  duties  of  the  office  Lave  been  confined  to  the  reductions  and  com- 
putations  necessary  for  i)utting  unfinished  map  material  in  shape  for 
publication  and  to  the  distribution  of  i)ublislied  maps  and  reports. 

Three  plotting  sheets  and  seven  final  atlas  sheets  in  hachures  were 
completed. 

Five  other  atlas  sheets  are  in  the  hands  of  the  compiler  and  final 
draughtsmen,  and  are  in  various  stages  of  completion. 

One  new  land-classification  sheet  was  issued,  and  editions  of  Vol.  VII, 
ArchiEology,  and  Vol.  Ill,  Sup])lement — Geology,  together  with  a  second 
edition  of  the  list  of  reports  and  maps,  have  been  received  from  the 
Government  Printer  during  the  year. 

The  operations  of  this  survey  are  being  i)ushed  to  a  close  as  rapidly 
as  is  possible  with  the  present  office  force. 

The  amount  originally  appropriated  for  closing  the  work  will  not 
allow  the  publication  of  sufficiently  large  editions  of  the  unissued  nuips, 
nor  furnish  reissues  of  those  maps  now  out  of  print  and  which  have 
undergone  revision. 

Lieutenant  Macomb  estimates  that  $5,000  would  cover  the  expense 
of  svich  publication.    His  report  with  estimates  is  appended. 

RECONNAISSANCES  AND  EXPLORATIONS. 

The  following-named  officers  have  been  on  duty  at  the  headquarters 
of  the  Army  and  at  headquarters  of  tbe  military  divisions  and  depart- 
ments, and  have  been  engaged  during  the  \  ear  in  preparing  such  maps 
and  making  such  surveys  and  reconnaissances  as  were  required  by  their 
respective  commanding  officers: 

Lieut.  Col.  O.  M.  Poe  (colonel  and  aid-de-camp  to  the  General  oft  e 
Army). 

Capt.  James  F.  Gregory  (lieutenant-colonel  and  aid-de-camp  to  the 
Lieuteuant-General). 

Capt.  W.  E.  Livermoi'e  at  headquarters  Department  of  Texas. 

Capt.  W.  S.  Stanton,  at  headquarters  Department  of  the  Platte  until 
AugUv^t  22,  1881,  and  Lieut.  Dan  C.  Kingman  at  same  headquarters 
since  September  29,  1881. 

i^ieut.  T.  X.  Bailey  at  headquarters  Department  of  the  Missouri. 

Capt.  Edward  IMaguire  at  headquarters  Dei)artment  of  Dakota. 

Maj.  W.  A.  Jones  at  headquarters  Division  of  the  Pacific. 

Lieut.  Carl  F.  Palfrey  at  headquarters  Department  of  Arizona. 

Lieut.  T.  "W.  Symons  at  headquarters  Department  of  the  Columbia. 

Lieut.  Col.  O.  M.  Poe,  Cori:>s  of  Engineers,  U.  S.  A.,  colonel  and  aid- 
d«-camp  to  the  General  of  the  Army,  also  on  duty  as  a  member  of  the 


RiTPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    WAR.  443 

Light-House  Board,  lopoitti  that  the  map  of  the  opera t?ioJi.s  at  Savau- 
iiah,  Ga.,  in  December,  1S(>4,  l»as  been  photolithograplied. 

A  map  of  the  country  l)etween  Cliattaiiooga  and  Athinta,  and  a  map 
intended  to  illustrate  the  campaign  from  Atlanta  to  the  JSea  have  been 
conii»leted. 

******* 

ESTniATE    FOR     AMOUNT    REQUIRED    FOR    MILITARY    SURVEYS    AND 
RECONNAISSANCES  IN   MILITARY   DIVISIONS  AND  DEPARTMENTS. 

For  military  surveys,  reconnaissances,  and  surveys  of  military  reser- 
vations by  the  Engineer  oUicers  attached  to  the  various  headqimrters 
of  military  divisiuns  and  departments,  being  an  average  of  $.j,OUO  for 
each  of  the  nine  military  divisions  and  departments  west  of  the  Missis- 
sippi iiiver,  and  $5,000  for  publication  of  maps;  total,  $50,000. 

OFFICE  OF  THE  CHIEF  OF  ENGINEERS. 

In  the  labors  of  I  he  ofiice  the  Chief  of  Engineers  was  assisted  during 
the  tiscal  year  ending  June  20,  1882,  by  the  following  otilcers  in  charge 
of  the  several  di\isious: 

First  and  Second  Divisions. — Fortifications,  Battalion  and  Enyin- 
eer  Depot,  Jjancla,  Annamenis,  FerKonnd,  d'c,  Maj.  George  LI.  Elliot. 

Third  Division. — River  and  Harbor  Jntprorementu,  tf-c,  Lieut.  Col. 
John  G.  Parke. 

Fourth  and  Fifth  Divisions. — Property,  Accounts; Estimates,  Fundff, 
Survey  of  the  Lakes,  Explorations,  Maps,  Instnonents,  d:c.,  Capt.  Ilenry  31. 
Adams. 

Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

n.  G.  Wright, 
Chief  of  Engineers, 
Brig,  and  Bvt.  Major- General. 
Hon.  Egbert  T.  Lincoln, 

Secretary  of  War. 


KEPORT  OF  THE  CHIEF  OF  ORD^^ANCE. 

War  Department,  Ordnance  Office, 

Washington,  October  10,  1882. 
Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  the  following  rejiort  of  the  principal 
operations  of  the  Ordnance  Department  duiing  tlie  liscal  year  ended 
Junt'  30.  1882,  with  such  remarlcs  and  recommendations  as  the  interests 
of  this  branch  of  the  militaiy  service  seem  to  require. 

The  liscal  resources  and  expenditures  of  the  department  during  the 
year  were  as  follows,  viz: 

AuKaint  ill  tlir  Treasury  to  the  crctlit  of  the  apinopriations  on  Jinie  30, 

I.-'Hl ■ flOO.lSG  n 

Aiiioinit  iir  tlu'Trt-asiMy  not  report i^tl  to  thei-retlit  of  the  appntpriatioiis 

on  .lui)«:{0,  iS^fl '. :L',r.58  STi 

Amount  in  <^overrmioii»  ilcpositoriHn  to  the  crcilit  of  dishiirsiiig  otticcrs 

ami  otlu-rs  on  .Iiun-  lid.  l.^-'l 17r», 27H  C>\ 

Amoiiiit  of  appropriatior.N  forthi*  si-rvice  of  thr  lisrjil  year  t^uileil  Jime 

■M>,  leH'J " l.TiiJ.  100  (.10 

Auiouuts  refunciod  to  urilnunco a}»propriutioiis  in  ^ctllinj^  a<*coiint8  dni- 

iug  the  Cscal  year  euiled  June  ;iO,  l^'^J -M'yG  Oo 


444  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

Gross  amount  received  iliiriiig  tlie  fise;i1  year  ( ixlcd  June  :J0,  IHH'i,  from 
fi:ilc8  to  otticers,  fumi  rents,  from  eollecUoiiM  froui  trooj)H  on  account 
of  loHscH  of,  or  <liiMii));es  1o,  (trdnnuee  stores,  I'rorn  C]iien;^o,  Ituck 
Island  and  I'aeilie  Knilvva.v  (Jiinii>iiny.  from  exclianf^e  of  powder  and 
ju'iijeetilos,  from  sal(!a  of  condemned  stores,  and  from  all  other  sources 
not  before  mentioned $390,  40:i  50 

Total 2,7?,A,ryi2  12 

Amount  of  expenditures  during  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1882,  in- 
cluding expenses  attending  sales  of  condemned  stores,  exchange  of 
powder,  &e $1, 069,270  50 

Amount  deposited  in  Treasury  daring  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30, 

1H82,  as  proceeds  of  sales  of  government  projierty 200, 092  97 

Amount  lai)sed  into  the  Treasury  from  the  a])propriation  "Ordnance 
matt^rial,"  under  act  of  March  3,  1875,  during  the  fiscal  year  ended 
June  30,  18^2 10,988  88 

Amount  turned  into  the  "surplus  fund"  on  June  30,  1882 318  03 

Amount  in  government  depositories  to  the  credit  of  disbursing  oilicers 

and  others  on  June  30,  l'.&> 216,943  83 

Amount  transferred  from  ordnance  appropriations  in  settling  accounts 

during  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1882 267  81 

Amount  in  the  Treasury  not  reported  to  the  credit  of  appropriations 

on  June  30,  1882 7,391  69 

Amount  in  the  Treasury  to  the  credit  of  appropriations  on  June  30, 

ISd-J 616,341  81 

Total 2,733,022  12 

STATIONS  AND  DUTIES. 

The  statious  and  duties  of  the  officers  of  the  Ordnance  Department 
are  as  follows :  Three  at  the  Ordnance  Office;  thirty-one  at  the  arsenals, 
armory,  a.tcency,  and  powder  depots ;  eij^bt  on  the  Ordnance  Board  and  at 
the  foundries;  eight  at  tlie several  military  headquarters  and  ordnance 
depots ;  four  at  the  Military  Academy ;  one  under  the  orders  of  the 
Secretary  of  the  Interior;  one  in  the  Life-Saving  Service,  under  the 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury ;  and  two  on  leave  of  absence,  sick.  Under 
the  operation  of  existing  laws  one  officer  (Lieutenant  Gordon)  hfts 
been  transferred  to  the  department  from  the  line  of  the  Army,  after 
passing  a  satisfactory  examination. 

The  Ordnance  Department  provides  the  armament  for  our  sea-coast 
defenses,  and  arms  and  other  ojdnance  stores  for  the  Army,  the  militia, 
the  Marine  Corps,  all  other  executivedepartments,  to protectpublic  money 
and  property,  and  the  thirty  colleges  authorized  by  law  to  receive  them 
for  instruction.  It  has  not  only  to  provide  these  ordnance  and  ord- 
nance stores  of  the  very  best  cpmlity  and  most  perfect  workmanship, 
but  to  determine  on  the  most  elective  material  for  war  i)urposes  after 
long  and  careful  study  and  tTial,  and  endeavor  to  keep  abreast  of  the 
hurrying  progress  of  the  age. 

JRock  Island  Arsenal. — The  interesting  report  of  the  commanding  offi- 
cer is  herewith  submitted.  The  work  has  been  prosecuted  with  most 
commendable  skill  and  economy. 

Benioia  Arsenal. — The  last  appropriation  made  by  Congress  for  the 
workshops,  will  permit  their  erection  at  an  early  day,  and  place  that 
arsenal  in  condition  to  do  all  the  work  required  of  it  on  the  Pacific 
coast. 

San  Antonio  Arsenal. — The  liberal  appropriation  made  by  Congress 
for  buildings  will  provide  all  the  storage  room  and  facilities  ibr  repairs, 
so  necessary  in  an  arsemxl  that  supplies  that  long  frontier. 

Ficeatinuy  Powder  Depot. — The  commanding  otticer  makes  a  detailed 
report  of  tliat  reservation,  and  of  the  work  already  performed  and  to  be 
done,  in  the  establishment  of  that  iuiportaut  depot  of  gunpowder.    It 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  445 

is  hoped  that  Congress  will  continue  to  make  liberal  appropriations 
for  it. 

Franl-ford  Arsenal. — The  interesting  report  made  by  the  commanding 
officer  is  herewith  submittal.  This  being  the  only  cartridge  factory 
belonging  to  the  government,  it  should  be  fostered  and  sustained  by 
liberal  appropriations. 

Ordnance  Notes. — 1  have  also  to  submit  some  very  valuable  papers  on 
Ordnance  and  other  subjects,  i)repared  by  officers  of  the  department. 
Such  paj)ers,  ])ublished  as  "Ordnance  Xotes,"  have  given  very  general 
satisfaction.  They  are  distributed  freely  through  the  Army,  and  contain 
so  much  of  the  military  literature  of  the  day  as  to  enable  those  on  the 
frontier  and  far  front  books  and  i)eriodicals  to  keep  well  informed  of 
passing  events  and  imi)rovements. 

SMALL- ARMS. 

There  were  manufactured  at  the  National  Armory,  vSpringfield,  Mass., 
during  the  last  tiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1882,  23,428  arms,  viz,  rifles, 
carbines,  officers' rifles,  and  shot-guns.  A  large  amount  of  work,  re])fnr- 
ing,  making  spare  parts,  &c.,  was  also  done. 

On  June  30, 1882,  there  were  on  hand  53,512  arms  as  a  reserve  supply. 

The  Springfield  breech-loiiding  arms  still  continue  to  give  satisfac- 
tion to  the  Army.  As  a  single  breech-lo;)der  for  trooi)s  it  has  no 
superior,  and  it  is  contidenth'  lielieved  that  it  will  hold  its  place  until 
it  is  superseded  by  a  magazine  gun. 

MAGAZINE   GUTfS. 

On  my  recommendation  Congress  at  its  Inst  session  provided  for  the 
manufacture  or  ])urchase  of  a  limited  number  of  magazine  guns,  should 
any  be  recommended  by  the  Board  then  in  session  and  authorized  by 
the  previous  Congress.  That  Board  assembled  on  the  5th  of  Jidy, 
1881,  Col.  John  K.  Brooke,  Third  Infantry,  as  piesident,  and  continued 
in  session  until  Sei)tember  30,  1882 — a  period  of  fifteen  months — when 
its  rei)ort  was  submitted. 

Forty  gTins  on  thirteen  different  systems — some  being  duplicates  or 
modifications  of  others — were  tried  by  the  Board  and  subjected  to  cer- 
tain tests.  These  t\)rty  guns  were  finally  reduced  to  six,  which  were  put 
through  severe  supplementary  tests,  ami  the  three  guns  that  stood  all 
f'he  tests  most  successfully  and  s.ttisfnctoiily  were  recommended  as 
"  suitable  for  the  military  serviee.''  The  guns,  recommended  in  the 
order  named,  are  tlui  Lee,  the  Chalfee-IIeece,  and  the  llotehkiss,  and 
they  represent  the  different  systems  of  the  detachable  and  tixcd  maga- 
zines. 

These  recommendations  of  the  Board  having  been  approved  by  the 
Secretary  of  \N'ar,  steps  will  be  taken  to  i>rovi<le  the  guns  as  soou  as 
the  necessary  information  is  obtained  ujk)!!  which  to  take  axjtion. 

SPRINGFIELD   SHOTGUNS. 

On  the  suggestion  of  Col.  J.  C.  Kelton,  Assistant  Adjutant-Genernl, 
a  shot-gun  was  prejtared  at  the  National  Armory,  b\  ai»plying  a  Sjtring- 
field  breech-loading  system  Uku  caliber  .5S  l)arrel,  reamed  out  to  No,  20 
gauge.  This  was  done  at  little  expense,  and  gave  such  satisfaction  that 
on  the  recommendation  of  the  General  of  the  Army  two  shot  guns  with 
ammunition  have  Iteeti  issued  to  each  comi)any  in  certain  designated 
regiments  on  th«»  frontier  to  enable  the  soldier  to  hunt  for  birds  and 
small  game.  The  guns  have  continued  to  meet  with  so  much  favor  that 
a  sufficient  number  are  now  being  jtrcpared  to  supply  every  c«>nipa]iy 
west  of  the  Mississipi)i. 


44b'  PAPERS    ACCOifPANTING    THE 

MEDALS — REWARDS  FOR  TARGET  PRACTICE. 

General  Order  No.  53  of  Mny  15,  18S2  (substituted  for  General  Order 
•ii,  series  of  1881),  provides  that  suitably  inscribed  j,'old  and  silver 
jnedals  be  awarded  to  the  successful  marksmen  in  the  department, 
division,  and  Army  contests — to  become  the  absolute  property  of  the 
-winners.  These  medals  are  prepared  at  the  Philad«;lphia  mint,  and  are 
very  creditable  in  design  and  finish,  and  will  no  doubt  jjive  the  greatest 
satisfaction  to  the  recipients  and  the  Army.  The  last  medals  ordered 
are  promised  in  three  months,  the  preparation  of  the  dies  being  delayed 
b}'  other  more  important  work.  Next  year,  and  thereafter,  the  medals 
will  be  ready  before  the  contests  begin,  that  their  delivery  to  the  suc- 
cessful men  may  be  made  on  the  spot. 

AR3IAMENT  OF  FORTIFICATIONS. 

Herewith  are  submitted  several  reports  of  the  "Ordnance  Board,"  on, 
tests  and  proof  of  guns  and  projectiles,  made  since  the  date  of  my  last 
annual  report. 

In  October  last  an  8-inch  breech-loading  rifle  and  an  11-inch  breech- 
loading  rifle,  converted  respectively  from  a  10-inch  and  a  15-inch  smooth-' 
bore,  burst  in  jiroof  by  the  rupture  of  the  steel  breech  receiver  made  on 
the  Krupp  system.  The  fracture,  commencing  at  the  front  corners  of 
the  slot  for  the  breech  block,  next  the  cast  iron,  passed  round  the  walls 
of  the  breech  receiver  in  a  plane  transverse  to  the  axis.  Practically,  the 
steel  breech  was  blown  off',  leaving  the  cast-iron  body  intact.  A  thorough 
examination  of  the  metal  and  fracture  leads  to  the  conclusion  that  the 
rupture  was  caused  by  defective  design,  aided  iierhaps  by  the  character 
of  the  steel. 

An  8-inch  breech-loading  rifle,  with  tlie  sharp  corners  in  the  breech 
slot  rounded  off  to  prevent  the  beginning  of  rupture  at  those  angles, 
endured  1U7  rounds,  with  charges  of  50  and  55  pounds,  of  which  22 
rounds  were  with  a  violent  powder  entailing  high  pressures — a  most 
excellent  record.  The  gun  went  all  to  pieces,  showing  that  the  parts 
gave  equal  sui)port  to  the  system,  and  i)roving  the  excellence  of  the 
combination  of  metals,  w^hen  of  suitable  quality,  and  the  design  not 
faulty. 

The  four  12-inch  rifles  that  were  contracted  for  under  act  of  May  4, 
1880,  have  not  been  made.  The  design  contemplated  guns  of  cast  iron, 
Avith  wrought-iron  tubes  and  steel  breech -receivers,  on  the  Urupp  sys- 
tem. These  receivers  had  to  be  ordered  from  abroad,  but  when  received 
and  carefully  tested,  the  metal  not  being  up  to  the  standard,  they 
were  rejected.  Further  work  on  the  preparations  for  making  the  guns 
was  suspended  to  await  the  report  of  the  Getty  Board  and  the  action 
of  Congress  on  the  Board's  recommendations. 

The  "Act  making  appropriations  for  fortifications  and  other  works  of 
defense,  and  for  the  armament  thereof,  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
30,  1882,  and  for  other  pnrposes,"  approved  March  3, 1881,  provides: 

And  the  President  is  authorized  to  select  a  board,  to  consist  of  one  engineer  officer, 
two  ordnance  officers,  and  two  officers  of  artillery,  whose  duty  it  shall  bo  to  make  ex- 
aminations of  all  inventions  of  heavy  ortlnance  and  iniiiroveiueuts  of  heavy  ordnance 
and  projectiles  that  may  be  inesented  to  them,  including  guns  now  being  coustrnct«d 
or  converted  under  direction  of  the  Ordnance  Bureau  ;  and  said  board  shall  make  de- 
tailed report  to  the  Secretary  of  AA^ar,  for  transmission  to  Congress,  of  such  examina- 
tion, with  recommendation  as  to  what  iuveutfons  are  worthy  of  actual  test,  and  the 
estimated  cost  of  such  test ;  and  the  sum  of  twenty-live  thousand  dollars,  or  so  much 
thereof  as  may  be  necessary,  is  hereby  appropriated  for  such  pur^iose. 

Under  this  act  a  Board,  of  which  General  George  W.  Getty  was 
president,  was  convened,  and  after  laborious  sessions,  extending  throngli 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.  447 

ten  montlis,  made  its  report  to  the  Secretary  of  War  May  18,  1882. 
The  Board  in  its  report  recommended  for  trial,  and  for  con.striiction  and 
trial,  the  following  jruns,  viz: 

The  Lyman-Haskell  accelerating  or  multicharge  guu,<)f  G  inches cali- 
lier,  for  trial. 

Dr.  W.  E.  Woodi)ridge's  plan  of  a  Avire-woiind  cast-iron  B,  L.  gnu, 
v.ire  soldered,  of  1')  inches  caliber,  for  construction  and  trial. 

Plan  submitted  by  the  Chief  of  Ordnance  of  a  <'ast-iron  B.  L.  gun 
hooped  with  steel,  of  12  inches  caliber,  for  construction  antl  trial. 

Plan  submitted  by  the  Chief  of  Ordnance  of  a  cast-iron  B.  L.  gun, 
hooped  and  tubed  with  steel,  of  12  inches  caliber,  for  construction  and 
trial. 

Plan  submitted  by  the  Chief  of  Ordnance  of  a  cast-iron  M.  L.  rifled 
mortar,  hooped  witJi  steel,  of  12  inches  caliber,  for  construction  and 
trial. 

W.  P.  Hunt's  ])lan  of  a  steel  B.  L.  gun,  of  10  inches  caliber,  for  con- 
struction and  trial. 

Dr.  W.  E.  Woodbridge's  plmi  of  a  ])ra;ced  steel-wire  B.  L.  gun,  of  10- 
inches  caliber,  for  construction  and  trial. 

IMaTi  sul)niittcd  by  the  Chief  of  Ordnance  of  a  steel-wire  15.  L.  gun  of 
S  inches  caliber,  ibr  construction  and  trial. 

Dr.  W.  E.  Woodbridge's  phm  of  a  steel  B.  L.  gun,  longitudinal  bars, 
M  ire- wound  and  soldered,  of  10-inches  caliber,  for  construction  and  trial. 

A  wire-wra])i)ed  1).  L.  steel  rifle,  after  the  plan  of  Schultz,  submittetl 
by  Col.  S.  Crispin,  of  9  inches  caliber,  for  construction  and  trial. 

This  report  was  transmitted  to  the  Senate  by  the  Secretary  of  Wai 
May  29,  18S2,  but  no  action  was  taken  by  Congress  at  its  last  session 
to  carry  out  the  recommendations  of  the  Board. 

These  reconnneudations  are  now  before  Congress  for  its  action,  and 
the  recent  appointment  by  the  Senate  of  a  select  cojnmittee  "to  take 
into  consideration  the  subject  of  heavy  ordnance  an<l  projectiles  for  the 
armament  of  the  Navy  and  the  sea-coast  defenses,"  and  who  arc  to  rei»ort 
"to  the  Senate  at  its  next  session,"  make  it  i)roper  for  the  department 
to  await  tiie  action  of  Congress  before  entenng  on  the  manufacture  or 
conversion  of  heavy  cannon. 

With  the  very  pressing  need  for  sea-coast  armament  constantly  beioro 
us,  it  should  seem  expedient  to  take  every  advantage  of  our  own  resources 
to  hel]>  provide  for  our  wants.  It  will  doubtless  be  practicable  for  us 
to  produce  rille^l  guns  of  moderaie  jwuer  even  from  ca.st  iron,  provided 
the  cast  iron  be  suitably  strengthened  with  steel  hoo])s,  or,  better,  with 
hoops  on  the  exterior  and  a  steel  tube  on  the  interior.  Such  guns,  how- 
ever, are  very  heavy  in  in'oportiou  to  their  jjower.  The  substitution  of 
steel  wire  for  the  hoops  would  seem  to  be  an  advantageous  moditication, 
and  its  trial,  as  recoiujnendedby  the  Board,  promises  im])()rtant  results. 
A  similar  plan  is  now  being  tried  \v]^h  experimental  cast-iron  guns  in 
France.  For  the  manufacture  of  rifled  mortars,  cast  iron  strengthened 
with  steel  hoops  nxay  be  used  to  advantage.  In  the  mortar  very  great 
strength  is  not  needed,  as  th(  charges  employed  are  small;  but  since 
its  lire  is  comparatively  uncertain,  it  is  necessary,  in  order  that  it  may  be 
edective,  that  what  it  lacks  in  accuracy  may  be  made  uj)  by  the  num- 
ber of  mortars  used.  With  such  ])ieces,  therefore,  cheapness  and  facil- 
ity of  production  are  essential  requirements,  and  the  suiall  charge  and 
short  boi'e  adnut  of  using  a  comjiaratively  light  mortar. 

The  material  out  of  which-fuUpowcr  guns  must  be  made  is  uncpujs- 
tionably  steel.  All  the  lirst-class  jiowers  of  Europe  have  adopted  it. 
Even  tiiose  that  have  spent  more  millions  than  we  have  thousands  in 


448  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

the  effort  to  determine  on  the  most  reliable  metal  for  gun  construction, 
are  abandoning  cast  and  wrought  iron,  either  sim])le  or  in  combination 
with  other  metals,  and  are  now  devoting  their  attention  to  steel,  and 
to  steel  alone.  .The  marvelous  strides  in  gun  construction  made  witMu 
a  year  or  two  in  the  manufacture  of  guns  of  great  strength  and  high 
power,  j)oint  to  the  conclusion  that  encouragement  shouhl  "De  given  in 
every  way  i)OSsil)lo  to  the  mainifacture  of  steel  in  large  masses  suitable 
for  this  purpose.  At  present  tentative  efforts  have  deveUjped  but  little 
to  encourage  the  hope  that  steel  guns  for  coast  defense  can  be  produced 
in  this  country.  Tlie  use  of  wire- wound  guns,  if  they  prove  as  success- 
ful as  recent  experiments  here  and  abroad  make  us  hope,  will  greatly 
simplify  the  problem,  by  limiting  the  number  and  size  of  the  steel  masses 
needed,  while  the  wire  itself  can  now  be  procured  from  our  own  manu- 
focturers.  Under  the  most  favorable  circumstances,  however,  the  coun- 
try is  in  no  condition  at  tliis  time  to  undertake  sucli  constructions  wholly 
out  of  home  products,  and  the  subject  is  of  sufficient  imj)ortance  to  ar- 
rest the  attention  and  receive  the  careful  consideration  of  Congress. 
This  subject  can  only  be  successfully  met  either  by  estal)lishing  a 
national  foundry  or  by  assisting  and  encouraging  jirivate  foundries  to 
j)rocure  the  necessary  plant  and  experience. 

POWDERS. 

Some  further  e3:periments  have  been  made  during  the  past  year  to 
ascert^iiu  the  suitableness  of  our  molded  powders  for  heavy  gims,  em- 
ploying large  charges.  With  a  coarse  granulation  and  high  density 
some  very  satisfa^-tory  results  have  been  obtained. 

With  the  12.25-inch  M.  L.  rifle,  the  charge  has  been  augmented  to  180 
pounds,  imparting  a  velocity  of  over  1,500  feet  to  a  700-pound  shot 
without  entailing  a  pressure  of  more  than  29,000  pounds  per  square 
inch  of  bore. 

It  is  probable  that  the  charge  may  be  still  further  increased  without 
overstraining  the  gnu.  With  a  greater  length  of  bore,  such  as  could 
be  inM)fitably  employed  with  these  large  charges,  there  is  no  doubt  but 
that  a  coiisiderably  higher  velocity  would  be  attained.  The  subject  of 
prismatic  powders,  of  types  similar  to  those  employed  in  European  ex- 
T>eriments,  has  also  been  under  consideration,  and  aiTangements  have 
been  made  to  procure  trial  samples  whenever  we  shall  obtain  a  suitable 
gun  for  tt-stiiig  them. 

It  is  believe*!,  however,  that  our  own  type  of  powders  possesses  a  suffi- 
ciently wide  range  of  adaptability  to  enable  us  to  meet  very  largely,  if 
not  to  the  utmost,  the  ])resent  requirements  of  heavj-  guns.  It  is  my 
intention  at  least  to  continue  their  development  by  further  experiments. 

PROTECTION  OF    SUBMARINE  MINES. 

In  February  last  the  Chief  of  B^igineers  referred  to  me  a  report  of  the 
Board  of  Engineers  for  Fortihcations  of  February  15, 1882,  on  the  proper 
means  of  defending  torpedo  fields,  and  recommending  volleys  from  large- 
bored  guns,  fired  automatically — these  guns  to  be  so  arranged  as  to  sweep 
the  whole  space  occupied  by  the  mines  and  cables.  The  board  suggested 
that  experiments  be  made  to  determine  suitable  kinds  of  projectiles  for 
the  most  effective  flanking  of  tor[)edo  lines,  and  that  the  attention  of 
this  department  be  invited  to  the  subject.  The  papers  were  at  once 
submitted  to  the  Ordnance  Board,  with  the  necessary  instructions  to 
carry  on  su(;h  exi)eriments  as  may  enable  this  dei)artmeut  to  successfully 
meet  this  great  want  in  the  proper  defense  of  our  harbors. 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    WAR.  44'J 

LIGHT  ARTILLERY    HOARD. 

In  April,  1881,  General  Orders  Xo.  39  convened  a  Board  of  artillery 
oftirers,  of  which  Col.  J.  C.  Tidball  was  i)resideut,  "to  consider  the  recent 
chiii)t;esin  s,iins,harness,an<lt'qnii)nientsfor  light  batteries."  Theaction 
(jf  such  a  r>oard  I  deemed  of  the  tirst  importance,  as  little  had  been  done 
in  that  direction  for  some  years. 

Tlie  Board  made  a  j^t'liminary  report  to  enable  this  department  to 
manufacture  samples  of  carriaj^es,  harness,  &c.,  embodyinjj:  its  views,  so 
as  to  present  to  a  subsequent  Board  the  articles  or  imi)rovements  recom- 
mended, that  action  might  be  ta-ken  on  iiractical  results.  The  prepara- 
tion of  a  metal  field  carriage,  limber,  and  caisson  hus  been  greatly  delayed 
by  the  difficulty  of  i)rocuring  suitable  material  in  proper  shapes,  but  it 
is  coiitidently  believed  that  we  will  be  ready  for  the  action  of  an  artillery 
board  at  an  early  day. 

The  large  auunuit  of  artillery  and  its  supplies  left  from  the  war,  and 
the  small  api)ropriations  available  for  sux-h  purposes,  has  deterred  the 
department  irom  entering  until  now  upon  the  increased  expenditures 
attendant  on  the  introduction  of  new  material.  The  adoi>tion  of  steel 
breech-loading  field  guns  in  all  the  armies  of  Europe  calls  for  experi- 
mental action  on  our  part,  and  I  have  now  in  course  of  preparation  a 
design  for  a  steel  B.  L.  gun  suited  to  the  wants  of  our  service,  and  have 
directed  inquiries  to  be  made  into  the  possibility  of  making  such  a  gim 
in  this  country  from  the  products  of  our  own  foundries  and  workshops. 
It  is  believed  that,  with  proper  encouragement,  held  guns  can  be  made 
here  without  the  necessity  of  going  abroad  for  the  steel. 
U.  S.  TESTING  MACHINE. 

The  report,  by  the  commanding  ofticer  of  the  Watertown  Arsenal,  of 
tests  of  iron  and  steel,  and  other  materials  for  industrial  pur})Oses,  made 
during  the  last  fiscal  year,  has  been  received,  and  will  be  submitted  for 
transmission  to  Congress  at  the  opening  of  the  next  session,  a^  provided 
by  law.    In  the  last  Army  appropriation  bill  it  is  provided : 

And  tbo  Cbif'f  of  Orflnance  sliall  give  attention  to  snch  profjiaiume  of  tests  as  may 
1)6  subniitft'd  by  the  Atuorican  Society  of  Civil  Eugiueers,  and  tbe  record  of  sucb  tests 
sball  be  furnished  said  society,  to  be  by  them  published  at  their  own  expense. 

I  recommended  the  passage  of  this  provision,  believing  it  to  be  for  the 
best  interests  of  the  public  that  those  who  are  so  largely  interested  in 
prominent  and  im]iortant  constructions  could  best  advise  the  department 
as  to  the  tests  most  needed  for  present  and  future  use.  I  was  anxious 
that  authority  be  given  by  Congress  to  jmblish  monthly  bulletins  of 
tests  made,  that  the  engineer  and  the  nianui'acturer  might  have  the 
earliest  ])0ssible  information. 

The  results  given  by  the  testing  machine  are  for  the  benefit  of  the 
whole  country,  and  the  ]>eople  should  be  iiermiited  to  utilize  the  results 
as  fast  as  they  are  obtained.  Tiiis  can  oidy  l^e  effected  by  their  imme- 
diate publication,  and  I  respectfully  recommend  that  this  be  authorized. 

The  capacity  of  tlie  machine  is  limited  to  tests  of  extension  and  com- 
pression. I  liiive  been  advised  by  distinguished  civil  engineers  and  by 
the  commanding  oHicer  VN'atertown  Aisenal  that  either  additions  to  the 
present  machine  or  additional  machines  should  bo  provided  for  the  tests 
of  torsional  and  transverse  resistance.  The  latter  is  believed  to  be  the 
better  plan,  and  two  other  machines  ought  to  be  built.  1  have,  there- 
fore, submitted  estimates  of  ."^100,000  for  the  purpose. 

MILITIA. 

To  more  completely  arm  and  equip  the  whole  body  of  the  militia,  as 
contemplated  by  the  act  of  1808  making  an  annual  appropriation  of 

L'!>  Ab 


450  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 

."^200,000,  Unit  amount  should  be  largely  increased.  The  1)111  (S.  1596) 
reported  Croin  the  Senate  Committee  on  Military  Allairs,  and  now  on  the 
calendar,  provides  for  a  substantial  increase  to  this  appropriation,  and 
contains  other  ini])()rtant  provisions  which  would  result  in  the  f,Teate8t 
benefit  to  the  militia.  I  strongly  recommend  i^s  passage.  It  is  as  fol- 
lows : 

Be  it  oiactcd  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Jlcpresentntives  of  the  United  States  of  America 
in  CouijrcsH  assniibled,  That  section  sixtfcn  liiindrcd  and  sixty-one  of  the  Revised 
StatnteM  ho,  aiul  the  same  is  hereby,  amended  and  re-enacted  so  aa  to  read  as  follows: 

Skction  1.  That  the  sum  of  six  hundred  thousand  dollars  is  hereby  annually  appro- 
l)riated,  to  be  paid  out  of  anj"^  money  iu  the  Treasury  not  otherwise  appropriated,  for 
the  purj)ose  of  providing  arms,  equipments,  ammunition,  ordnance  stores,  and  tents 
for  tjie  militia. 

Sec.  2.  That  said  appropriation  shall  be  apportioned  among  the  several  States  and 
Territories  on  the  books  of  the  Ordnance  Department  by  the  Chief  of  Ordnance  of  the 
Army,  under  the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  according  to  the  number  of  Repre- 
sentatives or  Delegates  to  which  each  State  and  Territory  respectively  is  entitled  in 
the  Congress  of  the  United  States:  Provided,  ho^cerer.  That  eacli  State  and  Territory 
shall  only  be  entitled  to  the  benefits  of  so  much  of  the  appropriation  apportioned  to 
it  as  the  pro]iortion  of  the  number  of  its  regularly  enlisted,  organized,  and  unifonned 
active  militia,  as  determined  by  the  report  of  the  Secretary  of  War  niade  on  the  pre- 
ceding first  Monday  in  Fi'bruary,  bears  to  the  maximum  number  of  active  militia  for 
which  such  State  or  Territory  is  entitled  to  the  benefits  of  this  act.  And  the  amount 
of  said  appropriation  which  is  thus  determined  not  to  be  available  shall  be  covered 
back  into  the  Treasury. 

Sec.  3.  That  in  time  of  peace  the  number  of  active  militia  for  which  each  State  and 
Territory  shall  be  entitled  to  receive  its  apportionment  of  the  appropriations  made 
by  this  act  shall  not  exceed  six  hundred  regularlyTiuiformed-commissioned  officers  and 
enlisted  men  for  each  Representative  and  Delegate  to  which  such  State  or  Territory  ia 
entitled  in  the  Congress  of  the  United  States. 

Sec.  4.  That  the  purchase  or  manufacture  of  ordnance,  ordnance  stores,  and  tenta 
for  the  militia  under  the  provisions  of  this  act  shall  be  made  by  the  Chief  of  Ordnance 
of  the  Army,  under  the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  and  they  shall  be  receipted 
for  and  shall  remain  the  property  of  the  United  States,  and  be  annually  accounted 
for  to  the  Chief  of  Ordnance  of  the  Army  by  thegovernors  of  the  St-ates  and  Territories, 
for  which  j)urpose  the  Chief  of  Ordnance  of  the  Army,  nnder  the  direction  of  the 
Secretary  of  War,  shall  prescribe  and  supply  the  necessary  blanks,  and  make  such  reg- 
ulations as  he  may  deem  necessary  to  protect  the  interest  of  the  United  States. 

Sec.  o.  That  all  arms,  equipments,  ordnance  stores,  or  tents  which  may  become 
unserviceable  or  unsuitable  shall  be  examined  by  a  board  of  officers  of  the  militia, 
and  its  report  shall  be  forwarded  by  the  governor  of  the  State  or  Ten-itory  direct  to 
the  Chief  of  Ordnance  of  the  Army  for  the  action  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  who  shall 
direct  what  disposition,  by  sale  or  otherwise,  shall  be  made  of  them;  and  the  pro- 
ceeds of  such  sale  shall  be  covered  into  the  Treasury  of  the  United  States. 

Sec  6.  That  for  all  the  purposes  of  this  act  the  District  of  Columbia  shall  be  ac- 
00  '.nted  and  treated  as  a  Territory  entitled  to  one  Delegate  iu  Congress. 

The  following  quotations  are  from  the  committee's  report,  which  ac- 
companies the  bill: 

That  iu  addition  to  the  resolution  instructing  us  to  consider  the  propriety  of  increas- 
ing the  annual  appropriation  for  the  militia,  there  have  been  referred  to  us  a  large 
number  of  petitions  from  the  officers  of  tlie  militia  relative  to' an  increase  of  the  ap- 
propriation and  other  amendments  to  the  existing  militia  law. 

And  again : 

A  simple  statement  of  fact  appears  to  be  a  sufficient  response  to  the  resolution  of 
the  Senate.  That  an  appropriation  fixed  iu  1808  to  provide  for  seventeen  States,  with 
a  population  of  eight  millions,  is  inadequate  to  provide  for  thirty-eight  States  with  a 
l)opulation  of  fifty  millions  needs  no  argument.  The  Chief  of  Ordnance  has  for  many 
years  urged  Congress  to  increase  the  appropriation  ;  it  was  considered  and  favorably 
ri!i)orted  to  the  Senate  by  this  Committee  in  the  Forty-fifth  Congress,  and  we  think  it 
would  be  difficult  to  conceive  any  reasonable  argument  against  it.     *     »     * 

It  will  be  perceived  that  no  provision  is  made  as  to  the  mode  of  apportioning  the 
appropriation  between  the  States,  no  requirements  for  accountability  for  the  property 
furnished,  or  limitation  on  the  disposition  that  the  States  may  make  of  it.  The 
greatest  defect  of  the  law,  however,  is  that  It  does  not  allow  the  furnishing  of  tenta 
and  other  articles  necessaiy  to  provide  for  camps  of  instruction.  To  this  omission  of 
the  law  is  largely  due  the  disparity  between  the  difierent  States  in  the  strength  and 
efficiency  of  the  militia. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR.         451 

*  *  *  V.'e  accordingly  report  hore-with  a  bill  to  increase  fbe  annnal  appropriation 
to  SWO,000,  and  making  provisions  for  its  apportionment,  and  for  the  care,  accounta- 
bility, and  disposition  of  property  isbucd  under  it.  AVe  also  provide  in  the  bill  that 
each  State  shall  only  receive  such  projjortion  of  the  amount  apportioned  to  it  aa  the 
actual  number  of  its  active  militia  bears  to  a  fixed  maximum,  and  we  believe  this 
provision  wisely  calculated  to  foster  and  encourage  the  fonuation  of  volunteer  organ- 
izations in  those  States  where  but  few  now  exist. 

There  have  been  no  material  changes  in  the  law  relative  to  the  organization  of  the 
militia  since  its  original  enactment  in  17'J2,  and  it  is  obvious  that  many  of  its  provis- 
ions are  now  obsolete  and  manj'  amendments  desirable. 

Our  standing  army  is  a  small  one.  For  the  defense  of  the  country 
our  main  dependence  is  on  our  militia.  The  militia  should,  therefore, 
be  kept  in  tlje  best  condition  possible  for  actual  service.  Volunteer 
organizations  in  every  State  and  Territory  should  be  encouraged,  and 
every  eflort  made  to  promote  their  efficiency  in  drill  and  discipline,  and 
make  them  skillful  in  the  use  of  their  arms.  It  is  the  best  way,  and 
the  only  way,  to  render  them  a  sure  and  safe  reliance  on  the  breaking 
out  of  war,  and  before  a  little  campaigning  has  inured  them  to  hard 
service  and  disciplined  them"  into  okl  soldiers. 

It  is  earnestly  recommended  that  the  special  attention  of  Congress 
be  invited  to  this  subject,  in  order  that  the  bill  above  quoted  may  re- 
ceive favorable  consideration  at  the  ensuing  session. 

I  have  the  honor  to  submit  the  following  papers,  heretofore  referred  to : 

Appendix  1. — Statement  of  i^rincipal  articles  procured  by  fabrication 
at  the  arsenals  during  the  year  ended  June  30, 1882. 

Appendix  2. — Statement  of  principal  articles  procured  by  purchase  at 
the  arsenals  during  the  year  euded  June  30,  1882. 

Appendix  3. — Statement  of  ordnance,  ordnance  stores,  &c.,  issued  to 
the  military  establishment,  exclusive  of  the  militia,  during  the  year 
ended  June  30, 1882. 

Appendix  4. — Apportionment  for  the  fiscal  year  euded  June  30, 1882,  of 
the  annual  approin-iation  of  $200,000  for  arming  and  equipx)ing  the 
militia,  under  sections  ICGl  and  1GG7  Kevised  Statutes. 

Appendix  5. — Statement  of  ordnance,  ordnance  stores,  &c.,  distributed 
to  the  militia  fiom  .luly  1,  1881,  to  June  30, 1882,  under  section  1667 
Kevised  Statutes. 

Appendix  6. — Statement  of  arms,  ammunition,  «S:c.,  distributed  to  the 
Territories  and  States  bordering  thereon  from  July  1,  1881,  to  June  30, 
1882,  under  the  joint  resolutions  of  July  3,  187(5,  INIarch  3,  1877,  and 
June  7,  1878,  and  the  act  of  May  10,  1878. 

Appendix  7. — Statcinent  of  ordnance,  ordnance  stores,  &c.,  distributed 
to  colleges  from  July  1,  1881,  to  June  30, 1882,  under  soction  1225  Re- 
^■i8ed  Statutes. 

Appendix  8. — Statement  of  arms  and  ammunition  i.ssued  to  the  ex- 
ecutive departments  during  the  yciu-  ended  .June  .'^O,  1882,  under  tlie 
provisions  oj'  the  act  of  31arch  3,  1870. 

ApjHudixi). — licpoit  of  action  taken  during  the  year  ended  June 30, 
1<S.S1',  nndrr  the  proxisionsof  the  act  ajyjjrovcd  March  3,  1881. 

Appendix  1(>. —  Report  of  the  jirincipal  oj»crations  at  the  Itock  Island 
Arsenal,  Illinois,  during  the  ii.scal  year  ended  Juno  30,  1882,  Lieut. 
Col.  D.W,  Flagler,  Ordnance  ]Je])artment,  comniantling. 

AppcmJix  11. — Report  qf  the  principal  operations  at  the  lienicia  Ar- 
senal, California,  during  the  Ii.scal  year  ended  Juno  'M).  1S82,  Col.  J. 
McAllister,  Ordnance  Dejtartmeut,  commanding;. 

Appendix  12. — Ee])ort  of  the  principal  opeialions  at  the  Piccatinny 
powder  depot,  New  Jersey,  daring  the  Ii.scal  year  ended  June  30,  18Si:, 
Maj.  F.  H.  Parker,  Orduaiiee  Department,  commanding. 

Appendix  13. — Eeport  of  the  priucipiil  operations  at  the  Fraukford  Ar- 


452  KEPOiri'  ov  the  secriotaky  of  war. 

scnal,  P(Minsylvaiiia,  dmiiii,'  tlic  liscal  year  ondod  June  30,  1882,  MaJ. 
S.  C  Lylbrd,  Oidiianc.i',  Dcpartineiit,  coniman<lin<i-. 

Appnulix  14. — Kc'i)oit  tor  the  year  ended  .lime  .'50,  1882,  by  Capt.  F. 
Heath,  Oidnanee  liepartment,  commanding  the  Cheyoiine  ])epot. 

Appendix  15.' — Ive])ort  for  tlie  year  ended  June  .'JO,  1882,  by  Capt.  S. 
E.  lihmt,  chief  ordnance  oliicer,  Military  Department  of  Dakota. 

Appendix  16. — Proof  report,  &c.,  of  8-inch  breech-loading  rifle  No.  5. 

Appendix  17. — lieport  of  the  Board  on  Heavy  Ordnance  and  Projec- 
tiles, under  irct  a])proved  March  3, 1881. 

Appendix  18. — Progress  report  on  experimental  cannon  powders,  by 
Capt.  Charles  S.  KSmith,  Ordnance  Department. 

Appendix  19. — Keport  on  European  ordnanoo  and  manufactures,  by 
Col.  S.  Crispin,  Ordnance  Department. 

Appendix  20. — Keports  on  the  inspection  of  projectiles,  by  Lieut. 
Henry  Borup,  Ordnance  Department. 

Appendix  21. — Present  method  of  target  practice  at  the  Frankford 
Arsenal,  hy  Lieut.  M.  W.  Lyon,  Ordnance  Department. 

Appendix  22. — The  manufacture  of  russet  leather,  and  its  adaptabilitj' 
for  the  military  service,  by  Capt.  D.  A.  Lyle,  Ordnance  Department. 

Appendix  23. — Vent-punch,  and  gimlet  for  the  Life-Saving  Service,  by 
Capt.  D.  A.  Lyle,  Ordnance  Department. 

Appendix  24. — Assembling,  and  wearing  infantry  equipments,  by  Capt. 
A.  L.  Varney,  Ordnance  Department. 

Appendix  25. — Cartridges  and  friction  primers  for  the  military  service, 
by  Lieut.  Col.  J.  M.  Whittemore,  Ordnance  Department. 

Appendix  26. — Mechanical  motion,  by  Lieut.  Col.  A.  E.  Buffington, 
Ordnance  Department. 

Appendix  27. — Metrical  into  United  States  measures,  and  vice  versa., 
by  Lieut.  Rogers  Birnie,  Ordnance  Department. 

Appendix  28. — Determination  of  the  accuracy  of  small-arm  firing,  by 
Capt.  O.  E.  Michaelis,  Ordnance  Department. 

Appendix  29. — Report  on  Cranstones  safety  lighting  attachment,  hy 
Capt.  D.  A.  Lyle,  Ordnance  Department. 

Appendix  30. — Report  of  the  Board  on  Magazine  Guns. 

Appendix  31. — Deviations  of  small-arm  projectiles,  by  Capt.  John  E. 
Greer,  Ordnance  Department. 

Appendix  32. — Showing  the  stations  and  duties  of  the  officers  of  the 
Ordnance  Department. 

Appendix  33. — Proof  of  11-inch  breech-loading  chambered  rifle  No.  1, 
by  Capt.  Charles  S.  Sn-ith,  Ordnance  Department. 

REPORTS  OF  THE  ORDNAIfCE  BOARD. 

Appendix  34. — Report  oh  the  11-inch  breech-loading  chambered  rifle 
No.  1. 

Appendix  35. — Report  on  the  steel  parts  of  11-inch  breech-loading 
chambered  rifle  No.  1. 

Appendix  36. — Report  on  the  8-iuch  breech-loading  chambered  rifle 
Ko.  2. 

Appendix;  37. — Report  on  the  steel  for  12-lnch  breech-loading  guns 
and  mortar  howitzer. 

Appendix  38. — Report  on  the  comparative  trials  of  the  Butler  and 
Arrick  projectiles. 

Appendix  39. — Report  on  protection  of  magazines  from  lightning. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

S.  V.  BENfiT, 
Brigadier-General,,  Chief  of  Ordnance. 

To  the  Hon.  Secretary  of  War. 


REPORT 

OF   THE 

SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY. 


Navy  Depaetsient, 
Washingtonj  November  29,  1882. 
To  the  President : 

SiK:  The  available  cruising  war- vessels  of  the  Kavy -are — 
One  first-rate,  the 

Tennessee, 

Of  4,840  tons  displacement  j 
Fourteen  second-rates,  the 

Trenton, 

Lancaster, 

Brooklyn, 

Pensacola, 

Kichmond, 

Hartford, 

Alaska, 

Omaha, 

Lackawanna, 

Ticonderoga, 

Vandalia, 

Monongahela, 

Shenandoah,  and 

Powhatan, 

Varying  in  displacement  from  2,100  to  4,000  tons; 
And  twenty-ttVo  tliird-rates,  the 

Juniata, 

Ossipee, 

Quinnebaug, 

Swatara, 

Galena, 

Marion, 

Mohican, 

Iroquois, 

WachUvsett 

Wyoming 

453 


454  REPORT   OF   THE   S£CR£TARY   OF   THE   NAVT, 

Tu.scarora, 

Kearsarge, 

Adams, 

Alliance, 

Essex, 

Euterjirise, 

Nipsic, 

Yantic, 

Ashuelot, 

Monocacy, 

Alert,  and 

Banger, 

Varying  in  displacement  from  900  to  1,900  tons ; 
Making  in  all  thirty-seven. 

The  last  four,  of  less  than  1,400  tons  displacement,  have  iron  hulls ; 
all  the  others  are  built  of  wood. 

These  vessels  are  creditable  in  their  appearance,  commodious  in  their 
quarters  for  oflBcers  and  seamen,  well  adapted  for  ordinary  naval  exer- 
cises, and  useful  for  displaying  the  national  flag  upon  the  seas  and  in 
the  harbors  of  the  commercial  world.  But  they  are  of  low  speed;  their 
engines  are  not  modern,  only  fourteen  being  compound,-  and  their 
steaming,  maneuvering,  and  destructive  jjowers  are  inferior  to  those  of 
the  present  war  ships  of  other  navies.  It  is  not  the  policy  of  the  United 
States  government  to  maintain  a  large  navy,  but  its  reputation,  honor, 
and  prosperity  require  that  such  naval  vessels  as  it  possesses  should  be 
the  best  which  human  ingenuity  can  devise  and  modern  artificers  can 
construct.  Our  present  vessels  are  not  such,  and  cannot  be  made  such. 
They  should  be  gradually  replaced  by  new  iron  or  steel  cruisers,  and 
allowed  to  go  out  of  commission.  The  naval  appropriation  act  of  Au- 
gust 5, 1882,  provides  that  no  repairs  shall  be  made  "  of  any  wooden 
ship  where  the  estimated  cost  of  such  repairs  shall  exceed  thirty  per 
centum  of  the  estimated  cost  of  a  new  ship  of  the  same  size  and  like  ma- 
terial." This  wise  provision  should  be  adhered  to  in  future  appropria- 
tions, and  the  limitation  of  repairs  fixed  at  twenty  per  cent  or  less. 
The  present  wooden  ships  should  receive  only  such  moderate  repairs  as 
will  enable  them  to  serve  the  purposes  of  the  government  until  a  new 
modern  navy  shall,  without  undue  haste  and  with  due  economy,  be  con- 
structed, which  will  fitly  represent  the  i)ower  and  protect  the  interests 
and  honor  of  the  nation. 

ARMORED  VESSELS. 

The  available  armored  vessels  are : 

Thirteen  fourth-rates,  the  siugle-turreted  monitors 
Ajax, 
Canonicus, 
Oamanche,  ' 


BEPOBT  OF  THE  SECRETAEY  OF  THE  NAVY.       455 

Catskill, 

Jasou, 

Lehigh, 

Mahopac, 

Manhattan, 

jVIoutauk, 

Nahaut, 

Nantucket, 

Passaic,  and 

Wyandotte, 

Varying  in  disphicement  from  1,800  to  2,100  tons. 
These  monitors  were  built  in  1862  andl8G3;  have  no  speed;  carry 
each  two  large  smooth-bore  guns  of  small  power  and  short  range;  and 
have  been  mostly  laid  up,  since  their  use  in  the  late  war.  As  they  are 
our  only  vessels  for  harbor  defense  they  have  not  yet  been  broken  up, 
and  during  the  past  summer  three  have  been  repaired,  placed  in  com- 
mission, and  put  in  motion — the  Montauk  iu  the  Delaware  Kiver,  the 
Nantucket  in  the  Hudson  Eiver,  and  the  Passaic  at  and  near  Hampton 
Eoads,  with  indifierent  results. 

ORDNANCE. 

The  guns  of  the  Navy  are — 

2,233  smooth-bore  muzzle-loading  cannon  of  various  calibers. 
77  Parrott  muzzle-loading  40-pound  rilles. 
267  similar  80-pound  rifles. 
51  muzzle-loading  180-i)ound  converted  rifles. 
2G  breech-loading  40-pound  converted  rifles,  and 
10  breech-loading  80-pouud  converted  rifles. 
The  eighty-seven  converted  rifles  have  fair  power,  and  may  be  con- 
sidered useful  for  the  present.     The  Parrott  rifles  were  made  during 
and  immediately  after  the  rebellion ;  they  might  iu  an  emergency  serve 
a  subordinate  i)urpose  as  part  of  our  armament,  but  are  in  no  real  sense 
suited  to  the  needs  of  the  present  day.     The  smooth-bore  guns  are  in- 
capable of  contending  with  rifled  guns  throwing  one-half  their  weight 
of  shot. 

With  not  one  modern  high-powered  cannon  in  the  Navy,  and  witli 
only  87  guns  worth  retaining,  the  imixirtance  of  action  for  the  jn'ocure- 
meut  of  naval  ordnance  seems  ai>])arent,  if  the  Navy  is  to  longer  sur- 
vive. 

OFFirERS   AND   SE A:\IEN. 

To  cominniid  and  handU'  thirty-one  siicli  sjjijjs  and  204  such  guns. 
DOW  afloat,  the  naval  establishnient  siistainetl  on  .hily  1  tlie  following 
officers,  seamen,  and  apprentices: 


45G  llEPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    NAVY. 

937  ofDcors,  Ibcii  on  Hca  duty,  it'cciviuf^  an  annnal  pay  of §1,880,900 

G44  on  ftboro  duty  and  other  duly  (omitting  cadots  at  the  academy),  re- 
ceiving    l,r.G8,200 

230  waiting  orders  and  receiving 370,  300 

(being  1,817  officers  in  all,  receiving  $3,825,400;) 

7,074  seamen,  receiving 2, 170,096 

950  apprentices,  receiving 152,556 

While  there  were  also  301  officers  on  the  retired  list,  receiving 703, 180 

To  these  should  be  added : , 

77  officers  of  the  Marine  Corps,  receiving 174,040 

500  non-commissioned  officers  and  musicians,  and  1,500  privates,  receiving.  389,  052 

13  officers  on  the  retired  list,  receiving 25, 858 

Making  the  total  annual  pay  of  the  Navy  and  Marine  Corps 7, 440, 182 

The  enormous  disproportion  of  1,817  naval  officers  to  thirty-one  vessels 
in  commission,  being  59  officers  to  each  ship,  and  one  officer  to  every  five 
seamen,  with  the  possibility  of  the  addition  each  year  to  the  '^axj  of 
50  cadet-midshii^men  from  one-sixth  the  Congressional  districts  in 
the  country,  and  of  25  cadet  engineers,  induced  Congress,  at  the  last 
session,  to  prohibit  the  increase  of  the  naval  officers,  and  .to  direct  a 
slight  gradual  reduction.  The  act  of  August  5,  1882,  provided  that 
thereafter  no  appointments  in  the  Navy  from  graduates  of  the  Naval 
Academy  should  be  made  except  to  fill  vacancies;  that  no  promotions 
should  be  made  in  the  principal  staff  corps  until  the  Medical  Corps 
should  be  reduced  10,  the  Pay  Corps  30,  and  the  Engineer  Corps  100,  and 
that  only  one-half  the  vacancies  in  the  line  above  the  grade  of  midship- 
man should  be  filled  by  promotion,  until  there  should  be  a  reduction  of  4 
rear-admirals,  15  commodores,  5  captains,  5  commanders,  6  lieutenant- 
commanders,  30  lieutenants,  25  masters,  and  25  ensigns. 

This  reduction  of  140  staff  and  H5  line  officers  by  the  gradual  process 
of  leaving  vacancies  unfilled  works  no  real  injustice  to  a  single  naval  offi- 
cer. The  reduced  number  of  1,562  officers  will  be  amply  sufficient  for 
all  the  necessities  of  the  service,  even  if  the  cruising  vessels  of  the  'Navy 
should  be  doubled.  The  reduction  provided  for  by  the  statute  should 
be  insisted  uj^on,  and  it  is  worthj'  of  consideration  whether  a  still  fur- 
ther reduction,  by  abolishing  the  grade  of  master  and  reducing  the  num- 
ber of  lieutenants  to  225,  may  not  be  made  without  injury  to  the  service 
and  with  profit  to  the  government.  If  the  grade- of  master  is  retained 
the  name  should  be  changed  to  sub-lieutenant. 

The  necessity  of  any  further  reduction  of  the  naval  officers  might  be 
obviated  by  extending  the  sphere  of  their  active  employment.  The  situa- 
tion and  policy  of  the  United  States  make  it  improbable  that  the  coun- 
try will  soon  or  often  be  engaged  in  naval  warfare.  The  opportunities 
for  naval  officers  to  practice  the  art  of  actual  war  are  remote.  Yet  the 
national  safety  depends  upon  maintaining,  instructing,  disciplining,  and 
practicing  at  all  times  a  reasonable  naval  force.  To  this  end  the  offi- 
cers and  seamen  of  the  Navy  should  perform  all  the  work  required  for 
the  purposes  of  the  national  government  upon  or  in  direct  connection 


EEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       457 

with  the  ocean.  This  clear  and  salutary  principle  should  be  deliber- 
ately adopted  and  efifectually  enforced  in  all  i)roper  metliods  by  the 
national  CongFes.s;  and,  if  it  shoidd  be  thus  fully  recognized  and  applied 
in  all  practicable  ways,  it  would  vastly  invigorate,  improve,  and 
strengthen  the  Navy,  without  increased  expense  to  tlie  government,  but, 
on  the  contrary,  with  results  of  positive  economy. 

The  efficiency  of  the  naval  servi<;e  will  be  promoted  by  alt«'ring  the 
present  unvarying  law  of  promotion  by  seniority  and  allowing  all  pro- 
motions to  the  grade  of  rear-admiral  to  be  made  by  selection  from  the 
.commodores  or  cai)taius.  The  mode  of  selection  might  wisely  be  pre- 
scribed and  regulated  by  law.  The  gi'ade  of  commodore  is  unnecessary, 
and  should  be  abolished  by  omitting  to  fill  vacancies  as  they  happen: 
and,  if  not  so  abolished,  all  promotions  to  this  grade  should  be  made  by 
selection  from  the  captains. 

FAV0EITIS3I  m  THE  NAVY. 

Military  administration  should  be  controlled  by  neither  personal,  so- 
cial, or  political  motives.  The  orders  to  every  naval  officer  should  be 
determined  alter,  first,  a  consideration  of  the  public  interests,  and  sec- 
ondly, an  impartial  comparison  of  the  record  and  services  of  the  officei- 
with  those  of  other  officers  of  like  grade.  If  unjust  orders  "are  issued, 
the  officer  can  freely  state  the  injustice  directly  to  the  Secretary,  asking 
a  reconsideration,  and  his  rei)resentation  will  have  due  and  candid  con- 
sideration. The  interference  of  others,  if  to  secure  only  wliat  is  right, 
is  unnecessary;  if  to  accomplish  what  is  wrong,  is  intolerable.  An  offi- 
cer who  will  procure  or  knowingly  allow  sucli  undue  interference  may 
be  charged  with  unbecoming  conduct.  NevertheJess,  the  practice  has 
prevailed  of  soliciting  and  procuring  favoritism  for  officers,  by  such  de- 
vices and  with  such  jjertinacity  and  influence  as  to  createi  a  system  re- 
sistance to  which  may  make  unenviable  the  position  of  the  bead  of  the 
department.  But  if  it  is  allowed  to  continue,  the  naval  service  will 
eventually  become  fatally  demoralize<l.  The  eftbrt  will  be  made  to  order 
the  detail  of  officers  of  the  Xavy  with  as  much  justice  and  impaitiality 
as  the  lot  of  humanity  will  admit. 

NAVY- YARDS. 

During  the  rebellion  the  facilities  of  the  navy-yards  for  building  and 
repairing  shii)s  were  taxed  to  the  utmost,  and  were  naturally  enlarged 
and  extended  to  me<it  the  pressing  requirements  of  the  moment.  The 
result  is  that  we  now  have  seven  large  yards  in  full  and  expensive  ope- 
ration, at  Portsmouth,  N.  n,,  Boston,  New  York,  League  Island  (Phila- 
delphia), Washington,  Norfolk,  and  Mare  Island,  Cal.;  one  other,  less 
used,  at  Pensacola,  Fla.,  on  which  large  sums  have  been  expended;  and 
one  in  embryo  at  New  London,  Conn.;  with  additional  naval  stationa  at 


458 


HEPOET  OP  THE  8ECRETAET  OP  THE  NAVY. 


Key  West,  Fla.,  New  Orleans,  La.,  Sackett's  Harbor,  IsT.  Y.,  Mound 
City,  111.,  and  Port  Royal,  S.  C. 

The  eight  working  yards  cover  2,498  acres;  Lave  commodious  and 
costly  docks,  immense  workshops  and  storehouses,  numerous  dwellings, 
barracks  and  stables,  and  heavy  and  expensive  machinery  and  tools  for 
the  construction  and  repair  of  ships,  and  tte  manufacture  of  ordnance, 
cordage,  clothing,  and  all  the  equipments  of  vessels. 

The  total  cost  of  permanent  improvements  and  repairs,  including  the 
sites,  at  these  yards,  from  their  establishment  to  June  30, 1882,  was — 

Portsiuoiitli §4,294,801  27 

Boston 7,385,517  34 

New  York 11,505,128  70 

Philadclpliia (old yard) 2,954,175  43 

League  Island 1,737,321  51 

Washington 4,293,162  85 

Norfolk' 7,754,004  68 

Mare  Island 8,002,441  47 

Pensacola 6,301,219  42 

Total 54,227,772  67 


Totnl  expenditures  under  the  Bureau  of  Tarda  and  Docks  for  the  fifteen  years  ending  June 

30,  1882. 


Navy-yards. 

1^ 

5 

£  "^  B 

13  a 

°  a 
> 

25 
2.2 

3 

S 
o 
>■ 

2 
p- 
a 

M 

00     • 

11 

.5«   . 

"SIS 

Total. 

$107,462  31 

$074, 202  65 

1,  589, 733  52 

2,  165,  343  00 
540,  898  80 
601,075  65 

1, 138,  236  57 

1,  271,  742  65 

1,457,845  99 

538,  858  46 

$670,  766  11 
1, 1,33  056  76 
1, 005  9.i9  76 
304,  868  93 
376,  987  66 
708, 189  27 
841,971  78 
877,  532  07 
427,947  08 

$153,  957  38 

112,  915  19 

912,  995  38 

102,011  81 

1,414, 410  88 

15,  554  25 

364, 755  89 

2, 136,  297  66 

742,  934  16 

$1,  000  00 
71, 607  88 
35,  814  14 

7,  962  68 
128,  669  00 
30,  086  58 

9,  481  34 
77.  931  08 
80,  961  95 

$1,  907,  388  45 

1:52,434  94 

138,  536  91 

79,  550  32 

51,794  21 

110,702  91 

108,  395  40 

134,  786  31 

50,  879  53 

3. 039.  808  29 

New  York 

Philadelphia  (old  yard) . 

4,  258.  659  19 

1,  035,  292  54 

2,  572,  937  40 

2, 002,  769  58 

i^orfolk              

2,  596,  347  00 

4,  684,  393  11 

1,  847,  581  18 

920,  542  84 

10,  277, 937  29 

6,  347, 289  42 

5, 955, 832  60 

443, 574  Co 

23,  945, 176  80 

REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OP  THE  NAVY. 


459 


Total  expenditures  under  all  bureaus,  1877  to  1881. 
[Excluding  Mare  Island.] 


I  Por  coD.stniction  aud  repairs  of  vessels. 
'      and  for  all  other  objects  than  suppoit 
For  support  ^      of  yards, 
of  yartls.     >, 


Labor. 


Expended  dminj' — 

1877 >1,0R2.994  62 

1878 1  2,278  906  88 

1879 2,120,  2fSl  03 

1880 2,0.')0,.691  79 

1881 I  2,260,828  23 


MateriaL 


10,  714, 702  55 


$811,172  01  $1,290,188  47 

1.323.645  05  |  1,481,248  67 

1,  200,  9ti7  15  1,  296,  322  69 

983,  618  38  1       993,  492  71 

1, 143,  6,'>2  18  1  1, 464,  666  84 


Total. 


5,463,0»4  77  i  6,52.5,919  38 


$2, 101, 360  48 
2,  804,  803  72 
2,  497,  289  84 
1.977,111  09 
2,  608, 319  02 


11,  988,  974  15 


Expended  at  each  navy-yard : 

Portsmouth 1, 106,368  07 

Boston 1,383,228  55 

Xew  York |  2,056,100  K5 

League  Island 1,930,  too  97 

"Washington 1,706,  .342  .50 

Norfolk  1,641,197  77 

Pensacula 891,063  84 


810,212  47 
1,  001, 718  ^i9 
1,231,075  50 

453,  3U2  70 
1,155,050  43 

778,  764  90 
32, 870  22 


110, 714, 702  55  ij  5, 403, 054  77 


698,  718  54 
1, 184,  849  55 
2, 157,  531  87 

521,482  87 
1, 2;«,  .521  20 

689,  040  43 
40,  768  92 


6, 525, 919  38 


1,50»,931  01 

2,  1S6,  503  14 

3,  388,  61  »7  43 
974,  845  57 

2,  388,  .'■,71  63 

1,407,811  23 

73,  639  14 


11,  988,  974  15 


The  folloATing  statement  sliows  the  number  of  naval  officers,  seamen 
and  marines,  and  of  civil  employees  awd  workmen  engaged  at  the  navy- 
yards  on  the  IGth  day  of  ^STovember,  1S82,  with  the  compensation  paid 
the  employees  and  workmen  on  that  day,  and  what  work  was  then  in 
progress  on  ships  of  war. 


Navy-yards. 

a  a 

s 

c« 

C  as 
••  a 

li 

a 

S  b  a 
o.S      g 

S 
«/ 

c  — 

I 

a 
0 

"5 
1 

Work  in  progress  on 
ships  of  War. 

No. 

No. 

-Kf-      Pay-roll 
^°-  1  Nov.  16, 

-VT„    !  Pay-roll 
^"-     Nov.  16. 

fr.      Payroll 
^°-     Nov.  16. 

PortsQioutb,... 

23 

55 
72 
37 
4:1 
50 
8 
38 

81 

228 
1, 008 
308 
1.33 
335 
80 
309 

75  i    $258  88 

115  ;      368  41 

103  1      330  76 
64  1      228  88 

104  1      305  80 
106  1      318  50 

19          ni  04 
71         307  27 

091   $1,681  32 
336  '      70'>  n« 

766   $1,940  20 

Keiiairing    Omaha    .ind 

Plymouth. 
Repairing  Shenandoah. 
Kcpuiriug  Trentuo. 
Kepairiug  Ossipeo. 
Nono. 
Uo. 
Do. 
Repairing  Moliieun  .lud 

Alert. 

New  York 

League  Island . 
Washington  ... 

Norfolk 

Peiinut'ola 

ilaro  island  . . . 

034 

325 
545 
597 
84 
593 

1,  539  22  1     T.n  .  1,  869  98 
803  27  1     389  1  1,032  15 

1,153  40  I    640  1  1,4.50  38 

1,  205  2fl        703  1  1,  583  82 
131  85  1     103  I      212  89 

1, 752  89       664  ,  2,  UOO  16 

Total  at  all 
yards  

326 

2,501 

657 

2, 179  72  3,  805 

1            1 
9,139  65  ,4,462  ,11,319  37 

It  is  clear  that  these  eight  navy -yards,  involving  so  large  an  invest- 
ment of  original  ca])ital  and  such  extravagant  expenditures  for  main- 
taining them  and  doing  work  therein,  will  not  bo  re«iiiircd  by  any  present 
or  i)rospectivo  wants  of  the  country.  Whether  we  are  to  maintain  an 
obsolete,  wooden  navy  or  to  constrnct  new  modein  iron  oi-  steel  war- 
sliips,  uo  such  number  and  extent  of  navy -yards  will  be  needed.     No 


460       REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY. 

advocate  oi'  a  stronger  and  bettor  navy  mgos  the  constiniction  of  many 
sbips  or  the  maintenance  of  a  large  fleet.  Upon  any  view,  the  magni- 
tude of  our  present  navy-yards  is  grossly  out  of  proportion  to  the  use 
to  be  made  of  them  imder  any  system  of  construction  and  repair  of 
vessels  or  with  any  naval  fleet  likely  to  be  built  or  maintained. 

The  problem  tlius  presented,  what  is  to  be  done  with  the  navy  yards, 
is  not  easy  of  imnjediate  solution.  If  nev7  iron  and  st?eel  shii)S  are  to  be 
built  or  repaired  in  any  of  them,  essential  changes  and  expensive  ad- 
ditions must  be  made.  It  is  not  probable  that  for  this  puipose  more 
than  two  or  three  yards  need  be  fitted  up  as  complete  modem  naval 
workshops.  But  it  is  impossible  now  to  decide  what  yards  should  be 
thus  specially  selected.  It  is  also  by  no  means  clear  that  every  other 
yard  will  not  be  wanted,  if  not  for  the  constnictiou  or  repair  of  vessels, 
yet  to  be  used  as  a  naval  station  and  arsenal  for  war  material  for  the 
Kavy.  At  the  harbors  of  Boston  and  Now  York  this  government  should 
not  be  without  a  pier  or  landing-place  of  its'  own  at  which  its  naval. 
vessels  can  touch,  nor  wholly  dependent  upon  private  facilities.  Any 
hasty  discontinuance  and  sale  of  any  of  our  yards  will  result  in  low 
prices,  while  if  subsequent  purchases  of  naval  stations  in  the  same  har- 
bors become  necessary,  the  cost  w'ill  be  so  great  that  the  government 
will  find  itself  a  large  loser  at  the  end  of  the  process  of  sale  and  repur- 
chase, by  each  of  which  land-speculators  alone  will  have  profited. 

To  aid  in  deciding  this  difficult  question.  Congress  in  the  act  of  August 
5,  1882,  directed  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy  to  appoint  a  Commission 
to  consider  and  report  whether  it  is  advisable  to  sell  any  of  the  navy- 
yards,  and  if  so,  which :  and  to  rej)ort  also  certain  facts,  and  their  opin- 
ions thereon,  bearing  upon  the  question  of  sale  or  retention.  Tliis  com- 
mission was  appointed  October  9,  1882,  consisting  of  Commodore  S.  B. 
Luce,  Chief-Engineer  Charles  H.  Loring,  and  A.  B.  Mullett,  Esq.,  and 
they  are  actively  engaged  in  the  investigations  necessary  to  enable 
them  to  perform  the  duties  imposed  by  Congress. 

The  immediate  duty  of  the  government  with  reference  to  the  manage- 
ment of  the  navy-yards  is,  however,  not  doubtful.  The  expenses  of 
maintaining  them  and  of  preserving  the  public  property  therein  should 
be  reduced  to  the  lowest  possible  amounts;  all  unnecessary  work  should 
be  discontinued,  and  all  emi>loyees  not  needed  should  be  dismissed. 
Progress  in  this  direction  has  been  commenced,  in  consequence  of  the 
clause  in  the  act  of  August  5,  1882,  authorizing  the  Secretary  to  close 
some  of  the  yards  rather  than  make  any  deficiency  for  their  mainte- 
nance or  for  their  civil  establishment.  A  considerable  reduction  of  the 
civil  employees  paid  from  the  appropriations  for  those  purposes  has  been 
accomplished,  and  more  discharges  are  contemplated  and  will  be  made, 
in  accordance  with  the  intention  of  the  act  that  no  i^ersou  should  be 
employed  and  that  no  work  should  be  done  except  for  the  advantage  of 
the  service  and  with  economy  to.  the  government.  But  it  has  not  yet 
been  found  necessary  to  close  any  navy-yard  under  the  authority  given 
by  Congress. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE.  NAVY.       461 

It  is  feasible  to  reduce  the  expenses  of  maintaining- the  navy-jards  to 
very  low  amounts  by  making  the  utmost  possible  use  of  the  officers  and 
men  of  the  Xav^-  and  of  the  Marine  Corps.  Xo  valid  reason  can  be  as- 
signed why  this  policy  should  not  be  adopted.  The  force  of  naval  offi- 
cers must  be  maintained  and  jiaid,  and  a  surplus  of  officers  hold  commis- 
sions and  are  subject  to  orders  to  any  honorable  duty,  while  the  employ- 
iru'iit  of  any  civilians  :Tiay  be  terminated  at  the  pleasure  of  the  govern- 
ment. The  latter  will,  undoubtedly,  by  obvious  methods,  endeavor  to 
place  obstructions  in  the  way  of  the  action  proposed,  but  it  should  be 
taken  and  persisted  in,  because  required  for  an  economical  administra- 
tion of  the  naval  establishment. 

The  second  section  of  the  act  of  August  5,  1882,  for  the  purpose  of  re- 
lieving the  navy-yards  from  the  accumulations  of  old  ancT  unserviceable 
material,  directed  an  account  to  be  taken  of  all  stores  and  supplies  be- 
longing to  the  bureaus  of  the  ITavv'  Department,  and  appraisements  to 
be  made  thereof  by  Boards  of  is  aval  officers',  and  authorized  the  sale  at 
public  auction  of  all  such  stores  and  supplies  as  might  be  found  unserv- 
iceable, and  of  all  old  material  that  could  not  be  profitably  used,  the 
net  proceeds  of  all  sales  to  bo  paid  into  the  Treasury-.  These  Boards 
wore  seasonably  appointed,  and  are  now  engaged  in  their  work,  but  no 
sales  have  yet  been  made. 

The  same  section  directs  the  Secretary  of  the  is'avy  to  appoint  In- 
si)ection  Boards  to  examine  all  the  vessels  of  the  Xavy,  and  report 
which  are  unlit  for  further  service,  or,  if  the  same  are  unlinished  in  any 
navy-yard,  those  which  cannot  bo  finished  without  great  and  disproi)or- 
tionate  expense ;  and  to  state  in  their  report  fully  the  grounds  and  rea- 
sons for  their  opinion  ;  and  the  Secretary  is  directed,  if  he  shall  concur 
in  opinion  with  said  report,  to  strike  the  name  of  such  condemned 
vessels  from  the  Xavy  register,  and  to  report  the  same  to  Congress. 

In  i>ursuance  of  this  law,  a  special  Board,  consisting  of  Captaius 
John  Irwin,  C.  S.  Norton,  and  A.  V.  Cooke,  Naval  Constructor  George 
W.  Much,  and  Chief-IiUgineer  H.  S.  Davids,  was  appointed  at  San 
Fran(;isco.  which  has  examined  and  made  report  cone<'rning  the  vessels 
at  the  ]Mare  Island  navy-yard. 

'J'he  princii)al  Inspection  Board  consists  of  Commodore  A.  A.  Scnimes, 
Medical  Director  A.  L.  Gihon,  Capt.  R.  W.  ]Meade,  Comman<ler  II.  L. 
Howison,  Chief- Kngincer  J.  W.  Tliomson,  jr.,  and  Naval  Constructoi' 
Edward  llartt.  The  Board  is  diligently  performing  its  functions  under 
the  supervision  of  the  Admiral  of  the  Navy,  and  has  examined  the  ves- 
sels at  Portsmouth,  Boston,  Newport,  New  London,  Sackctt's  Harbor, 
Erie,  and  Washington,  and  action  will  ]»rol)al»ly  be  taken  upon  sonn'  oi 
its  reports  before  the  1st  of  January. 

It  is  desirable  that  Congress  should  ant liori/.e  tlie  sale  oi'  condcnint'd 
ships  atpublic  auction  witliout  undertaking  to  revise  in  detail  the  judy- 
ment  of  the  Board  and  the  Department.    Tliere  is  no  danger  that  anv 


462       REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVT. 

ships  will  be  sold  under  such  authority  which  could,  if  retained,  be  of 
tlie  slightest  use  to  the  country. 

The  New  York  navy-yard  occupies  193  acres  of  valuable  land  within 
the  limits  of  the  city  of  Brooklyn,  and  at  the  eastern  side  and  adjoin- 
ing the  grounds  of  the  naval  hospital  fifty-three  acres  can  be  spared 
without  injury,  and  it  is  estimated  can  be  soldfor  over  $1,500,000,  It  may 
;il80  prove  desirable  to  exchange  a  portion  of  the  fifty-three  acres  for 
land  needed  to  improve  the  west  side  of  the  yard  and  the  -water  front 
there.    Authority  to  make  the  sale  and  also  the  exchange  is  requested. 

MOVEMENTS  OF  VESSELS. 

The  vessels. on  the  North  Atlantic  Station  are  the  Tennessee 
(flagshrii),  Vandalia,  Kearsarge,  Alliance,  Enterprise,  and  Yantic,  under 
the  command  of  Eear- Admiral  George  H.  Cooper,  who  relieved  Kear- 
Admiral  Robert  H.  Wyman  on  the  1st  of  May,  1882.  All  the  vessels 
except  the  flag-ship  have,  since  the  last  report  of  the  department,  made 
cruises  to  the  West  Indies.  During  the  summer  they  cruised  to  the 
northward,  in  company  with  the  flagship,  for  exercises  in  fleet  tactics, 
and  all  but  the  Vandalia  participated  in  the  bicentennial  celebration  of 
the  State  of  Pennsylvania  on  the  24tli  of  October.  The  Enterprise  is 
now  under  orders  to  proceed  to  the  Asiatic  Station. 

The  South  Atlantic  Station  has  been,  since  the  9tli  of  June, 
1882,  under  the  command  of  Eear- Admiral  Peirce  Crosby.  The  former 
commander,  Eear- Admiral  James  H.  Spotts,  died  March  9,  1882,  on 
board  the  flag-ship  Brooklyn,  at  Port  Stanley,  Falkland  Islands.  The 
vessels  are  the  Brooklyn  (flagship),  and  the  Galena,  which  joined  from 
the  Mediterranean.  The  Shenandoah  (former  flagship)  returned  to  the 
United  States  and  was  put  out  of  commission,  and  the  Marion  was 
detached  and  i»  now  on  the  way  to  Portsmouth. 

The  force  on  the  European  Station  remains  under  the  command  of 
Eear- Admiral  J.  W.  A.  Nicholson,  and  consists  of  the  Lancaster  (flag- 
ship), Quinnebaug,  and  Nipsic.  The  Galena  was  transferred  to  the 
South  Atlantic,  and  the  Nipsic  is  on  her  return  home.  On  account  of 
impending  troubles  at  Alexandria,  Egypt,  the  squadron  visited  that 
port.  The  Galena  arrived  first,  in  June,  and  was  joined  by  the  rest  of 
the  squadron.  The  timely  arrival  of  the  vessels  gave  protection  to  the 
American  consulate  and  to  American  citizens  and  interests,  and  also 
afforded  a  refuge  for  our  own  citizens  and  for  fugitives  of  other  nations, 
whoweredriven  from  their  homes.  T  e  action  at  this  juncture  of  Admiral 
Nicholson  was  judicious  and  humane,  and  met  the  approval  of  the 
department. 

The  Pacific  Station  continues  under  the  command  of  Eear- Admiral 
George  B.  Balch.  It  has  been  reinforced  by  the  Iroquois  and  the  Essex, 
and  by  the  Hartford,  now  on  the  way,  and  consists  of  the  Pensacola 
(flagship),  Alaska,  Lackawanna,  Iroquois,  Wachusett,  Adams,  and 
Essex.    The  last,  however,  is  under  orders  to  the  Asiatic  Statian.    At 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       463 

least  three  of  the  vessels  have  remained  continuously  south  of  Panama 
during  the  year.  The  public  interests  have  also  required  the  presence 
of  one  of  the  vessels  within  the  waters  of  the  Territory  of  Alaska. 

The  Asiatic  Station*  still  commanded  by  Kcar- Admiral  J.  M.  B. 
Clitz,  is  composed  of  the  Kichmorid  (flagship),  Ashuelot,  Monocacy, 
and  Palos.  The  Swatara  and  Alert  have  been  detached  during  the  year; 
while  the  Essex  from  the  Pacific  Station,  the  Juniata,  by  way  of  the 
Suez  Canal,  and  the  Enterprise,  by  way  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  are 
under  orders  to  join  the  Station. 

The  Apprentice  Training  Squadron,  under  the  command  of  Com- 
modore S.  B.  Luce,  now  comprises  the  New  Hampshire,  Minnesota, 
Portsmouth,  Saratoga,  and  Jamestown.  The  Portsmouth  and  Sara- 
toga made  practice  cruises  to  Europe  during  the  summer,  and  the  James- 
town and  Portsmouth  are  now  fitting  for  a)  winter  cruise  to  the  West 
Indies. 

The  vessels  engaged  on  special  service  have  been  the  Powhatan, 
Despatch,  and  Kanger  (the  two  last-named  on  surveying  duty),  the 
Michigan  on  the  northwestern  Lakes,  and  the  iron-clads  Miantonomoh, 
Montauk,  Nantucket,  and  Passaic,  on  experimental  cruises. 

THE  JEANNETTE  EXPEDITION. 

The  last  communication  received  at  the  department  irom  the  late 
Lieutenant-Commander  George  W.  DeLong,  commanding  the  Arctic  ex- 
ploring steamer  Jeannette,  furnished  and  equipped  by  James  Gordon 
Bennett,  Esq.,  was  dated  August  26,  1879,  at  Saint  Lawrence  Bay, 
Siberia.  From  the  records  now  in  the  department,  it  appears  that 
on  the  following  day  the  Jeannette  started  north,  skirting  the  Sibe- 
rian coast  to  obtain  tidings  of  the  Vega.  August  31,  1879,  she  stood 
to  the  northwest,  toward  Wrangel  Island.  Drift  ice  was  met  and  the 
weather  was  stormy.  Pack  ice  was  encountered  afterwards,  and  the 
course  of  the  vessel  turned  more  to  the  northward.  Herald  Island  was 
sighted  to  the  westward  on  September  4.  The  next  day  the  Jeannette 
entered  the  pack  through  the  best  looking  lead  in  the  direction  of  Her- 
ald Island.  Young  ice  was  met,  through  which  the  vessel  was  forced 
by  ramming,  but  before  night  her  progress  was  chocked  and  she  was 
secured  with  ice-anchors.  On  September  6  another  ettbrt  was  ma<le  to 
reach  Herald  I^iland,  but  only  a  slight  advance  could  be  made.  Two 
days  later  there  was  no  sign  of  a  lead  in  any  direction;  the  vessel  was 
frozen  in  solidly,  and  never  again  escaped  from  the  pack.  The  icedrifted, 
can-ying  the  vessel  with  it,  with  varying  force  and  direction.  The  ship 
inclined  under  the  pressure  of  the  ice,  and  jirecautions  were  adopted  to 
keep  her  upright.  Duiing  October,  1879,  Wrangel  Island  wtis  at  times 
in  sight.     Herald  Island  was  in  sight  once,  on  October  3. 

Astronomical  and  meteorological  observations  were  made  whenever 
practicable  throughout  the  period  of  the  Jeannette's  imprisonment  in 
the  ice.    A  winter  routine  was  put  in  force  November  1,  1879,  and 


464       REPORT  OF  THH  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY. 

measures  were  taken  to  maintain,  as  far  as  pos^sible,  the  ciieerfuluess, 
health,  and  comfort  of  all. 

In  January,  1880,  the  vessel  was  found  to  be  Icakiiiji,-  from  tlie  pres- 
sure of  the  ice.  The  pumps  were  started  -^ith  dilhculty,  and  though 
the  leak  decreased  they  were  used  from  that  time  until  the  vessel  was 
abiindoned. 

The  second  winter  in  the  ice  was  jmssed  much  as  the  first.  The 
health  of  officers  and  men,  with  a  few  exceptions,  had  remaine<l  good 
until  the  sprfng  of  1881,  when  it  was  somewhat  impaired.  Jeannette 
Island  was  discovered  May  17,  1881,  the  vessel  being  tlien  about  500 
miles  northwest  of  Herald  Island.  A  fe^v  days  later  Henrietta  Island 
was  discovered.  A  sled  party  landed,  hoisted  the  national  ensign,  and 
took  possession  in  the  name  of  the  United  States. 

During  the  night  of  June  10  the  ice  opened  beside  the  vessel,  which 
then  righted,  being  once  more  afloat.  The  ship  was  secured  to  the  ice 
by  Imos,  and,  as  there  were  indications  of  a  break-up,  the  rudder  was 
shipped  and  preparations  made  for  making  sail.  Xo  serious  difficulty 
was  apprehended  in  keeping  the  vessel  afloat  and  navigating  her  to  port 
if  she  should  escape  from  the  pack.  But  the  ice  closed  in  again  with 
such  force  as  to  crush  the  sides  of  the  Jeannette,  arid  her  fate  was  de- 
cided. Boats,  sleds,  instruments,  provisions,  and  stores  were  put  on 
the  ice,  and  the  ship  was  abandoned.  She  sank  during  the  night  of  June 
12,  1881. 

On  the  recommendation  of  the  surgeon,  a  delay  of  a  few  days  fol- 
lowed, after  which  the  toilsome  retreat  began,  across  ice  and  water. 
About  four  weeks  later  Bennett  Island  was  discovered.  After  remain- 
ing here  for  some  days,  the  party  embarked  for  the  New  Siberian  Islands, 
which  were  reached  safely.  September  12,  1881,  the  thirty-three  per- 
sons composing  the  officers  and  crew  of  the  Jeannette  left  Simonoski 
Island  in  three  boats.  The  boats  were  shortly  separate<l  in  a  gale  of 
wind.  The  second  cutter,  carrying  eight  persons,  has  not  been  heard 
of  since  that  time.  The  officers  and  men  were  Lieut.  Charles  "W.  Chipp, 
commanding;  William  Dunbar,  Alfred  Sweetman,  Walter  Sharvell, 
Albert  G.  Kuehae,  Edward  Star,  Henry  D.  Warren,  and  Peter  E. 
Johnson. 

Lieutenant-Commander  George  W.  De  Long's  boat,  the  first  cutter, 
carrying  fourteen  persons,  reached  the  Lena  delta  ;  the  party  landed  Sep- 
tember 17, 1881,  and  proceeded  inland,  leaving  records  of  their  condition 
and  progress  at  several  points.  Owing  to  illness  and  exhaustion,  slow 
progress  was  made..  Some  game  was  obtained  at  first,  but  th  is  tailed  after- 
wards. October  6,  one  of  the  men  died.  Three  days  later  two  men,  William 
P.  C.  Nindemann  and  Louis  P.  Noros,  were  sent  ahead  to  seek  help,  the 
others  following  as  well  as  their  weak  state  would  permit.  Another 
man  died  of  exhaustion  from  starvation,  on  October  17.  Two  days  later 
a  camping  place  was  found,  and  after  this  no  further  j)rogress  could  be 
made.    The  enfeebled  men  died  of  starvation,  one  by  one.    The  last 


KEPOKT  OV    Tin:  SLCRETAKY  OF  THE  NAVY.       465 

entry  in  the  pathetic  record  k^ft  by  De  Long  is  dated  October  30,  1881. 
Soon  after  this  the  tliree  who  were  then  alive  must  have  died.  The 
party  which  thus  perished  were  Lieutenant-Commander  George  W. 
De  Long,  commandinii-;  Surgeon  James  M.  Ambler ;  Jerome  J.  Collins, 
naturalist;  Hans  11.  Jui(;hson,  Keiurick  IL  Kaack,  George  W.  Boyd, 
Walter  Lee,  Adolph  Dressier,  Carl  A.  Gortz,  Xelse  Iverson ;  the  cook, 
Ah  Sam,  and  the  Indian,  Alexy. 

Chief-Engineer  George  W.  MBlville  had  been  placed  in  charge  of  the 
whale-boat,  Lieut.  J,  W.  Daneuhower's  eyes  having  been  so  seriously 
aliected  for  many  months  that  he  was  on  the  sick  list.  The  whale-boat 
party  reached  the  eastern  shore  of  the  Lena  delta  and  was  conducted 
by  natives  to  an  inhabited  village,  arriving  September  26;  nearly  all 
were  badly  frostbitten.  An  eftbrt  was  made  to  proceed  towards  Belun, 
the  nearest  Kussian  settlement.  This  was  unsuccessful,  but  a  message 
was  sent  to  the  Kussian  commandant  at  that  place,  asking  transporta- 
tion for  the  party. 

Ifews  was  received  October  29  that  Xiudemanu  and  IS'oros  were  on  their 
way  to  Belun.  A  note  from  Xindemann,  written  at  random,  was  brought 
to  Chief-EngiueeiiMelville,  asking  any  one  who  could  to  sender  aid  to  De 
Long's  party.  Mr.  Melville  procured  a  dog  team,  and  set  out  for  Belun, 
where  he  found  the  two  seamen  sick.  After  receiving  their  reports,  he 
went  to  a  j^lace  where  dog  teams  and  provisions  were  to  be  furnished  him, 
and  there  met  the  rest  of  the  whale-boat  party.  Lieutenant  Danenhower 
was  given  orders  to  take  the  whole  party  south  to  Yakutsk. 

Melville  pushed  his  search  to  the  northern  extremity  of  the  delta, 
with  great  difficulty  and  much  suffering  from  exposure  and  scarcity  of 
food.  He  secured  the  log-books  of  the  Jeannette,  and  other  effects, 
which  had  been  left  in  a  cacbe,  but  the  missing  party  could  not  be 
fouud.  After  three  weeks  of  determined  effort,  it  became  evident  that 
they  must  have  obtained  assistance  from  the  natives  or  have  died. 
Upon  his  return  to  Belun,  Melville  learned  that  nothing  had  been  heard 
of  the  lost  party  and  was  forced  to  the  conclusion  that  all  had  perished. 
As  the  search  for  the  dead  could  be  made  better  in  the  spring,  he  took 
his  men  to  Yakutsk.  There  orders  were  received  to  spare  no  effort  or 
expense  to  ensure  the  safety  of  the  second  cutter,  and  to  send  the  sick 
and  frozen  of  those  already  rescued  to  a  milder  climate  as  soon  as  practi- 
cable. Lieutenant  Danenhower  was  given  charge  of  a  party  of  men  and 
the  effects  which  ha<l  been  recovered,  aiul  left  Yakutsk  January  10, 
1882,  for  Irkutsk.  He  afterwards  asked  periuission  of  the  department 
to  remain  and  institute  a  search  for  Lieutenant  Chipi)'s  party,  but  was 
ordered  home. 

Mr.  jNlelville  completed  the  necessary  arrangements  and  continued  the 
search.  Between  March  23  and  March  27,  1882,  the  bodies  of  Lieuten- 
ant-Commander De  liOng's  party  were  found.  After  giving  them  proper 
burial,  a  search  was  made  for  Lieutenant  Cliii)p's  boat,  but  with  no  re- 
siUt,  though  several  parties  were  at  work  along  the  coast  for  two  weeks. 
30  Ab 


466       REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY. 

Mr.  Mclvillo  lolurned  to  Yakutsk  and  proceeded  thence  to  Irkutsk,  ar- 
rivinj^f  at  the  hitter  place  July  5,  where  he  received  permission  froqi  the 
I)ei)artnient  to  return  homo  with  his  party. 

The  lol lowing  joint  resolution  of  Congress  was  approved  xVugust 
8,  1882 : 

That  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy  bo  requested  to  convene,  as  soon  as  practicable,  a 
court  of  inquiry  to  investigate  the  circumstances  of  the  loss  in  the  Arctic  seas  of  the 
exploring  steamer  Jeauuette,  and  of  the  death,  of  Lieutenaut-Conimander  De  Long 
and  others  of  her  officers  and  men,  including  an  inquiry  into  the  condition  of  the 
vessel  on  her  departure,  her  management  up  to  the  time  of  her  destruction,  the  pro- 
visions made  and  plans  adopted  for  the  several  boats'  crews  upon  their  leaving  the 
wreck,  the  efforts  made  by  the  various  officers  to  insure  the  safety  of  the  parties  under 
their  immediate  charge  and  for  the  relief  of  the  other  parties,  and  into  the  general 
conduct  and  merits  of  each  and  all  the  officers  and  men  of  the  ill-fated  expedition, 
and  to  submit  the  finding  of  such  court  of  inquiry  to  Congress. 

In  compliance  with  the  foregoing  joint  resolution  the  Department 
ordered  a  court  of  inquiry,  consisting  of  Commodore  William  G.  Tem- 
l)le,  president,  Capt.  Joseph  N.  Miller,  and  Commander  Frederick  V. 
Mci^air,  members,  and  Master  Samuel  C.  Lemly,  judge-advocate.  This 
court  is  now  engaged  in  the  prosecution  of  its  duties. 

THE  SEARCH  EXPEDITIONS. 

The  United  States  steamer  Eodgers,  commanded  by  Lieut.  Eobert  M. 
Berry,  which  was  engaged  in  a  search  for  the  Jeannette  and  for  missing 
whalers  during  the  autumn  of  1881,  went  into  winter  quarters  at  St. 
Lawrence  Bay,  Siberia,  in  October.  On  November  30  a  fire  broke  out  in 
the  forehold  of  the  vessel.  All  efforts  to  extinguish  it  proved  unavail- 
ing, and  the  vessel  was  abandoned. 

The  natives  were  hospitable,  but  their  resources  were  limited,  and  to 
lessen  the  burden  the  ofl&cers  and  crew  were  distributed  among  five 
villages. 

Lieutenant  Berry,  desiring  to  carry  out  the  object  of  the  expedition, 
although  his  vessel  was  lost,  set  out  from  Saint  LawrenceBay  to  organize 
a  search  of  the  coast  and  to  communicate  the  loss  of  the  Eodgers  to  the 
department,  having  first  made  provision  for  the  comfort  and  safety  of 
those  under  his  command.  Master  Howard  S.  Waring  was  left  in 
charge  at  Saint  Lawrence  Bay. 

Master  Charles  F.  Putnam,  one  of  the  oflBcers  of  the  Eodgers,  had 
been  placed  in  command  of  a  shore  depot  near  Cape  Serdze,  to  search 
the  coast.  Learning  that  the  vessel  was  burnt,  he  set  out  for  Saint  Law- 
rence Bay  with  provisions.  On  his  return  to  Cape  Serdze,  he  missed 
Ms  way  while  crossing  Saint  Lawi'ence  Bay  in  a  blinding  snow  storm, 
January  10, 1882,  and  drifted  out  to  sea  on  an  ice-floe.  He  was  seen 
several  days  later,  and  an  earnest  effort  was  made  to  reach  him  in  a 
canoe,  but  the  attempt  failed,  because  the  thin  ice  cut  the  boat.  Master 
Waring,  on  hearing  of  this  disaster,  left  Ensign  George  M.  Stoney  in 
charge  at  Saint  Lawrence  Bay,  and  made  a  minute  search  of  the  coast 
for  a  month,  but  without  avail. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVT.       4f>7 

Some  time  after  leaving  Saint  Lawrenee  Bay,  Lieutenant  Berry  heard 
that  Putnam  had  drifted  out  to  sea,  but^received  from  natives  a  report 
that  he  had  reached  the  shore  in  safety.  It  was  not  until  February  that 
he  learned  the  truth. 

On  the  8th  of  February  Lieutenant  Berry  left  Capo  Serdze,  accom- 
panied by  Ensign  Henry  J.  Hunt.  Following  the  coast  to  the  westward, 
they  heard  that  the  missing  whalers  Vigilant  and  Mount  Wollaston  had. 
drifted  in  shore,  and  that  their  crews  had  cither  died  or  had  deserted 
the  vessels.  After  a  severe  journey  they  arrived  at  the  Eussian  post 
of  Nishne  Kolymsk  on  the  24th  of  March. 

Information  was  received  at  this  place  of  the  landing  of  part  of  the 
Jeannette's  crew  at  the  mouth  of  the  Lena  liiver,  and  Lieutenant  Berry 
continued  his  journey  until  he  came  upon  traces  oi& Chief-Engineer  Mel- 
ville's search  party. 

Learning  that  the  latter  had  completed  his  search.  Berry  followed 
and  overtook  him.  The  party  proceeded  to  Yakutsk,  where  Berry  in- 
tended to  fit  out  a  new  expedition,  but  information  was  received  that 
Lieutenant  Harber  had  been  detailed  to  make  a  summer  search,  and 
Lieutenant  Berry  then  returned  home.  Ensign  Hunt  was  ordered  to 
report  to  Lieutenant  Harber  for  duty. 

The  party  which  had  been  left  at  Saint  Lawience  Bay  in  charge  of 
Master  Waring  was  received  on  board  the  whaling  bark  Xorth  Star, 
owned  by  William  Lewis,  of  New  Bedford,  and  commanded  by  Capt. 
Leander  C.  Owens,  who  had  gone  to  Saint  Lawrence  Bay  at  great  incon- 
venience to  transport  the  party  to  any  port  desired.  The  North  Star 
left  May  14  for  Ounalaska,  but  falling  in  with  the  revenue-cutter  Corwiu, 
commanded  by  Lieut.  Michael  A.  Healy,  the  Eodgers  party  was  trans- 
ferred to  the  latter  vessel  and  arrived  at  San  Francisco  June  23,  1882. 

Lieutenant  Berry  earnestly  recommends  that  the  Chukches  about 
Saint  Lawrence  Bay  be  suitably  rewarded  for  their  hospitality,  to  en- 
courage them  to  aid  the  crews  of  [any  of  our  whaling  or  other  vessels 
that  may  be  wrecked  upon  their  coast. 

Lieut.  Giles  B.  Harber  and  Master  W.  H.  Schuetze  were  ordered  by 
the  department  on  February  2,  1882,  to  special  duty  in  connection  with 
the  searcli  for  the  survivors  of  the  Jeannette.  They  proceeded  to  Siberia, 
and  Lieutenant  Harber  and  his  party  have  prosecuted  their  search  with 
energy,  but  have  not  succeeded  in  getting  any  intelligence  of  Lieutenant 
Chipp's  party. 

BUREAU  OP  NAVIGATION. 

The  report  of  Commodore  J.  G.  Walker,  Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Navi- 
gation, narrates  the  work  of  the  bureau  and  its  subordinate  offices  in 
connection  with^the  revision  of  "The  American  Practical  Navigator:" 
compasses  for  the  Navy ;  the  determination  of  longitudes,  under  Lieut. 
Commander  F.  M.  Green ;  navigation  supplies ;  the  system  of  naval 


468  REPORT    OP   THE    SECRETARY    OP   THE    NAVY. 

signals,  in  charf^o  of  Oapt.  riiilij)  (J.  Jolinson ;  tho  hydrographic  work 
of  tlio  navy,  under  the  direction  of  Commodore  J.  C.  P.  Be  Krafft;  the 
Naval  Observatory,  of  which  Vice-Admiral  S.  C.  Rowan  is  the  present 
Snperintendi^nt;  the  Transit  of  Venus  Expedition  ;  the  Nautical  Alma- 
nac, and  time  signals. 

Attention  is  called  to  the  growing  disposition  on  the  part  of  the  Sig- 
nal Service  Bureau  of  tho  Army  to  encroach  upon  work  which  has  fallen 
for  manj'^  years  within  the  legitimate  province  of  naval  officers.  The 
local  time  has  been  signaled  from  the  Observatory  since  the  year  1845, 
and  since  1877  a  time-ball  has  been  dropped  at  New  York  City  at  noon 
daily  by  signal  from  the  Observatory.  The  Signal  Service  Bureau 
has,  however,  published  at  government  expense  a  work  on  "  The  Con- 
struction and  Maintenance  of  Time-Balls,"  and  has  announced  in  an 
oiBcial  publication  entitled  "  Memoranda  of  Usefill  Information  for  Shi]) 
Masters,"  that  a  time-ball  will  be  established  at  the  Signal  Service 
station  in  New  York  City.  It  has  also  organized  a  "  Marine  Division" 
and  established  a  "Marine  Agency"  in  the  city  of  New  York,  and  is 
issuing  charts  of  the  North  Atlantic  Ocean,  attempting  to  show  the 
direction  of  cyclones,  the  limits  of  icebergs,  and  the  direction  of  the 
prevailing  winds  in  the  different  ocean  squares.  This  marine  work 
belongs  appropriately  to  the  Naval  Hydrographic  Office,  and  it  is  doubt- 
ful whether  the  appropriations  for  the  Signal  Service  of  the  Army, 
however  liberal  in  their  amount  and  vague  in  their  limitations,  were 
intended  to  be  applied  to  work  which  is  specifically  in  the  charge  of 
another  department.  The  sundry  civil  appropriation  act  of  August  7, 
1882,  making  appropriations  for  the  work  of  the  Signal  Service,  directs 
"  that  the  work  of  no  other  department,  bureau,  or  commission  author- 
ized by  law  shall  be  done  by  this  bureau."  Obedience  to  this  explicit 
enactment  ought  to  be  enforced. 

The  adaptation  of  the  laws  of  the  United  States  for  j^reventiug  col- 
lisions at  sea  to  the  revised  International  Eegulatious  should  be  again 
uiged  upon  Congress ;  and  the  need  of  a  revision  of  our  present  law  re- 
quiring steam  vessels  under  all  circumstances  to  keep  out  of  the  way 
of  sailing  vessels  was,  October  28, 1882,  called  to  the  attention  of  the 
department  by  the  Philadelphia  Board  of  Trade. 

This  rule  operates  unfairly  against  deep-draught  ships  in  narrow  chan- 
nels, either  natural  or  artificial,  where  light-draught  vessels  will  not  be 
injured  hy  using  the  shoaler  water,  and  the  unnecessary  burden  upon 
commerce  should  be  lightened. 

BUREAU  OF  ORDNAJSrCE. 

The  report  of  Commodore  Montgomery  Sicard,  Chief  of  the  Bureau 
of  Ordnance,  states  the  efforts  of  the  Bureau  in  the  preparation  of  plans, 
and  in  the  commencement  of  the  construction  of  the  high-powered  guns 
authorized  by  the  act  of  August  5 ;  the  progress  made  in  converting 
Parrott  rifles ;  in  j)rocuring  and  practicing  with  machine  guns ;  in  pro- 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       46 i^ 

vjdiiii^  small-aims ;  and  in  experimenting'  with  torpedoes  aiul  electric- 
lights  at  the  torpedo  station  at  Newport,  11. 1.,  under  the  supervision  of 
Capt.  Thomas  O.  Selfridge. 

The  principal  purpose  of  our  large  naval  establishment  being  to  use 
cannon  and  small-aims  and  torpedo  explosives  against  public  enemies, 
the  question  of  ordnance  is  of  the  tirst  importance.  Having  no  eflective 
guns,  it  is  the  duty  of  the  government  to  begin  their  manufacture  imme- 
diately. This  country  is  not  now  capable  of  making  the  steel  forgings 
necessary  for  heavy  rifled  cannon ;  they  must,  therefore,  either  be  pro- 
cured abroad  or  inducements  must  be  oliered  to  steel  manufactiu'ers  to 
engage  in  their  production.  There  is  no  steam-hammer  in  the  country 
sutticient  for  the  heavy  forgings  required.  Either  through  the  agency 
of  some  private  company  or  by  the  direct  action  otHhe  government  such 
a  hammer  should  be  prepared  for  American  use. 

All  the  moderate  recommendations  of  the  Chief  of  the  Bureau  ought 
to  be  promptly  adopted,  and  the  appropriations  estimated  for  by  him 
ought  to  be  considerably  increased. 

BUREAU  OF   YARDS  AND  DOCKS. 

The  report  of  Eear-Admiral  Edward  T.  Ifichols,  Chief  of  the  Bureau 
of  Yards  and  Docks,  recites  the  various  works  of  improvement  at  the 
]iavy-yards  for  which  appropriations  are  recommended  by  the  bureau ; 
and  it  estimates  the  sum  necessary  for  the  general  maintenance  and 
preservation  of  the  yards.  My  views  on  this  subject  have  been  indi- 
cated in  considering  the  navy-yards,  and  may  also  be  learned  from  the 
revision  hereinafter  submitted  of  the  estimates  made  by  the  Bureau. 

BUREAU  OF  EQUIPMENT  AND  RECRUITING. 

The  Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Equipment  and  Recruiting,  Commodore 
Earl  English,  details  the  work  of  that  Bureau,  including  the  fitting  out 
of  ships,  purchases  of  coal,  ^ho  manufacture  of  cordage  and  of  iron 
cables  and  anchors  and  ship's  galleys,  and  states  the  success  of  the 
Bureau  in  the  enlistment  of  seamen  and  apprcutices  during  the  year. 
Enlistments  were  5,C20,  of  which  number  478  were  boys. 

BUREAU  OF  STEAX    ENGINEERING    AND    BUREAU    OF   CON.STRUCTION 

AND   REPAIR. 

The  reports  of  Engineer-in-Chief  W.  H.  Shock,  Chief  of  the  Bureau 
of  Steam  Engineering,  and  of  Chief  Constructor  T.  D.  Wilson,  Chief  of 
the  Bureau  of  Construction  and  Repair,  state  fully  the  present  condi- 
tion of  the  vessels  of  the  Navyj  their  views  as  to  the  future  work  of 
their  Bureaus,  and  as  to  the  amounts  needed  for  the  construction  of  the 
two  new  steel  cruising  vessels  authorized  by  the  act  of  Augusto,  1882,  and 
for  the  completion  of  the  doublo-tm-reted  monitors  Monadnock,  Puritan, 
Amphitrite,  and  Terror.    They  estimate  for  the  two  steel  cruisers,  in 


470       REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY, 

the  Bureau  of  CoustiMctiou,  $2,080,000;  in  the  Bureau  of  Steam  Ma- 
chinery, <'5l,S()0,(K)0,  making-  .$;3,.S80,00O.  These  estimates  are  for  the 
total  cost  of  the  hulls  and  machinery,  and  exceed  the  limitations  of  the 
act,  wliich  conliiie  the  Dei)artment  to  the  estimates  of  the  first  Advisory 
Board,  and  they  indicate  tlie  oi)iuion  of  the  Bureaus  that  the  sliips  can- 
not be  couipleted  within  those  limitations.  But  in  any  event  less  than 
one-half  tlie  full  cost  needs  to  be  api^ropriated  for  the  next  fiscal  year, 
and  $1,000,000  for  each  Bureau  will  be  more  than  sufficient  for  the  ex- 
penditures on  the  vessels  during  that  year. 

The  reports  estimate  for  the  completion  of  the  four  monitors,  in  the 
Bureau  of  Construction  $2,000,000,  and  in  the  Bureau  of  Steam  Ma- 
chinery, $1,105,000.  Less  than  one-half  of  these  amounts  should  be  ap- 
propriated for  the  next  fiscal  year,  in  case  Congress  should  decide  to 
complete  the  vessels. 

In  pursuance  of  the  directions  of  the  enactment  authorizing  the  con- 
struction of  the  two  steel  cruisers,  the  Naval  Advisory  Board  was  or- 
ganized on  the  13th  day  of  November,  consisting  of  the  following  mem- 
bers: Commodore  E.  "WT.  Shufeldt,  president;  Mr.  Henry  Steers,  Mr. 
Miers  Coryell,  Chief  Engineer  Alexander  Henderson,  Commander  John 
A.  Howell,  Lieutenant  Edward  W.  Very,  Naval  Constructor  Frank  L. 
Femald. 

The  naval  officers  were  selected  se\'eral  weeks  previous  to  the  ap- 
pointment of  the  full  board,  but  delay  and  difficulty  were  experienced 
in  obtaining  "  two  persons  of  established  reputation  and  standing  as 
experts  in  naval  or  marine  construction,  to  be  selected  from  civil  life," 
who  should  not  be  employed  by  or  connected  with  any  one  of  the  few 
ship-building  firms  who  might  propose  to  enter  into  the  contracts  for 
the  construction  of  the  cruisers.  Due  public  advertisement  and  no- 
tice was  given  on  the  5th'  day  of  August,  as  required  by  the  act,  to  all 
persons,  to  submit,  within  sixty  days  after  August  20,  any  plans,  mod- 
els, designs,  or  suggestions  for  the  construction  of  the  vessels,  and  the 
time  for  submitting  them  has  been  exte^ided  to  the  period  when  the 
Board  will  finally  reach  its  conclusions. 

The  Advisory  Board  is  actively  engaged  in  the  discharge  of  its  duties, 
but  is  proceeding  with  care  and  caution.  It  is  the  determination  of  the 
Board  and  of  the  Department  to  make  no  undue  haste  and  to  spare  no 
pains  to  design  and  complete  the  two  best  ships  which  can  possibly  be 
constructed  in  this  country. 

I  deem  it  my  duty  to  recommend  that  Congress  be  requested  also  to 
authorize  the  construction  of  two  of  the  second-rate,  steel,  single-decked, 
unarmored  cruisers,  i-ecommeuded  by  the  late  naval  advisory  board,  to 
have  a  speed  of  not  less  than  thirteen  knots,  but  with  the  displacement 
limited,  according  to  thcrccommendations  of  the  ])resent  Advisory  Board, 
to  2,5U0  tons  each,  at  a  cost  not  exceeding  for  Imll,  engines,  ordnance 
and  equipment  $1,000,000  each ;  also  of  one  of  the  five  steel  rams  rec- 
ommended by  the  late  board;  and  one  rou  dispatch  boat  or  clipper,  of 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       471 

1,500  tons  (lisplaccmont,  witli  a  si)ced  of  not  less  tljan  iirtccii  knots,  to 
be  armed  with  one  six-incli  bieecli-loadin^  rifled  cannon  and  t((ur  Ilotch- 
kiss  guns,  at  a  cost  not  exceed  in  j,'  $500,000. 

The  Naval  Advisory  Board  was  directed  to  report  to  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Xavy,  in  detail,  by  the  1st  day  of  December,  1882,  as  to  the 
wisdom  and  expediency  of  undertaking^  and  conijileting  th^j  engines 
armor,  and  armaments  of  the  ironclads  Monadnock,  Puritan,  Am])bi- 
trite,  and  Terror.  The  delay  in  organizing  the  board  \yll  prevent  the 
completion  of  this  report  on  the  day  fixed;  but  it  will  be  prei)ared  and 
transmitted  as  soon  as  practicable  thereafter,  with  the  recommendation 
of  the  Department  thereon,  as  required  by  the  act.  There  has  been 
much  unseemly  controversy'  over  these  vessels  since  the  work  was  sus- 
pended, in  Marcli,  1877,  after  an  expenditure  upon  them  by  the  govern- 
ment of  $3,528,580.58.  The  fact  of  this  large  outlay  is  no  reason  why 
they  should  be  completed  if  they  will  not  then  be  worth  to  the  govern- 
ment the  amount  of  the  new  money  which  will  have  beeu  expended. 
Kor  is  there  anything  in  their  history  which  should  prevent  their  com- 
pletion if  that  result  is  for  the  real  interests  of  the  government.  The 
necessity,  however,  of  some  better  provision  for  the  defense  of  our 
harbors  than  is  furnished  by  the  fourteen  single-turreted  monitors,  the 
relics  of  the  war  of  the  rebellion,  is  apparent  to  every  thoughtful  citizen. 
If  the  completion  of  the  fourdoubleturreted  monitors  is  not  expedient, 
the  construction  of  some  new  armored  vessels  of  a  different  character 
should  be  devised  and  immediately  commenced. 

The  act  of  August  5  made  provision  for  "the  launching,  to  the  best 
advantage,  with  such  necessary  attachments  and  appliances  as  will  ren- 
der redocking  the  ships  unnecessary,"  of  the  four  double-turreted  mon- 
itors. The  contractors  who  had  built  the  hulls,  and  in  whose  ship-yards 
they  have  remained  since  the  termination  of  work,  in  March,  1877, 
•were  informed  by  letter  of  August  21,  1882,  that  the  Department  de- 
sired to  comply  with  the  directions  of  the  act  as  soon  as  practicable, 
and  would  be  prepared  to  indicate  what  work  ought  to  be  done  to 
fit  the  vessels  for  launching,  and  wished  to  receive  any  suggestions  or 
proposals  from  the  contractors  concerning  the  Avhole  subject.  On  the 
28th  of  August  the  contractors  were  further  informe<l  what  work  would 
be  required  to  bo  done,  and  what  attachments  and  api»liaiices  must  bo 
fitted  before  the  launching  of  the  vessels,  and  were  informed  that  the 
plans  showing  the  details  might  be  seen  at  the  Department.  On  the 
8th  of  November  the  attention  of  the  contractors  was  called  by  the  De- 
partment to  the  fact  that  it  had  received  no  reply  to  its  letters  of  August 
21  and  28j  and  they  were  informed  that  as  it  was  desirable  that  there 
should  bo  no  more  delay,  the  Department  proposed  (1)  that  the  con- 
tractors should  furnish  the  materials  and  do  the  work  necessary  to  be 
done  before  launching  (the  same  to  be  first  si)ecitied  in  detail  by  the  De- 
partment and  the  cost  thereof  agreed  upon),  and  should  also  launch  the 
vessels  at  the  earliest  practicable  day;  and  (2    that  the  Department 


472  KEroiiT  oj'   rHE  isrx'KKTARy  of  the  navv. 

should  pay  the  coutractors  for  siieli  iiial<iiials  and  work  ami  for  launch- 
ing, the  actual  cost  tlicieof,  as  it  niiftht  be  mutually  agreed  upon;  this 
arrangement  to  have  no  effect  whatever  upon  the  existing  rights  or  ob- 
ligations of  the  contractors  or  the  government,  but  to  be  made  and  car- 
ried into  etfect  without  prejudice  to  any  claim  of  either  party;  and  the 
contractors  were  requested  to  respond  to  this  proposition  without  delay. 
They  have  signified  their  assent,  and  the  vessels  will  soon  be  launched. 
The  double-turreted  iron-clad  Miantonomoh,  built  on  the  same  plan 
as  the  other  four  monitors,  is  complete,  except  the  turrets  and  pilot- 
house; and  these  were  authorized  by  the  act  of  August  o.  The  diffi- 
culty, if  not  impossibility  of  procuring,  in  this  country,  the  steel  for  the 
compound  armor  adopted  for  the  turrets  and  pilot-house  has,  up  to  this 
time,  prevented  any  action.  For  the  purpose  of  testing  the  vessel  in 
the  meantime,  she  has  been  loaded  with  iron  cables,  representing  the 
"weights  of  the  turrets,  pilot-house,  and  armament,  and  put  in  commis- 
sion. Thus  loaded  she  rises  about  26  inches  amidships  above  the  water- 
line  in  fresh  water,  and  about  30  inches  in  salt  water,  and  no  reason  is 
perceived  why  she  will  not  prove  a  successful  and  formidable  armored 
ship. 

BUREAU  OF  MEDICINE   AND   SURGERY. 

The  report  of  the  Surgeon-General,  Medical  Director  Philip  S.  Wales, 
in  regard  to  the  sanitary  condition  of  the  Navy,  shdws  a  gratifying  im- 
provement over  that  of  preceding  years.  Sj^ecial  attention  is  called  to 
his  recommendation  for  the  improvement  of  the  2^a\^  ration  in  its  ada]>- 
tation  to  the  necessities  of  the  naval  service ;  and  to  his  statement  of 
the  importance  and  imijrovement  of  ventilating  apparatus  applied  to 
vessels  of  the  Xavy,  and  of  the  condition  and  usefulness  of  the  newl\ 
organized  Museum  of  Hygiene. 

BUREAU  OF   PROVISIONS  AND   CLOTHING. 

The  report  of  Paymaster- General  Joseph  A.  Smith  states  the  appro- 
priations and  expenditures  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 1882,  and 
for  the  present  year  up  to  ISfovember  1. 

MARINE  CORPS. 

Attention  is  called  to  the  report  of  Col.  0.  G.  ]\IcCawley,  commanding 
the  United  States  Marine  Corps,  which  on  the  1st  of  October,  1882,  con- 
tained 1,681  enlisted  men;  984  on  board  ships  in  commission,  and  877 
doing  duty  on  the  shore  stations.  The  correct  legal  number  of  second 
lieutenants  is  30,  and  16  new  appointments  should  be  made.  It  is  de- 
sirable that  Congress  should  authorize  the  appointment  of  these  lieu- 
tenants from  gTaduates  of  the  Xaval  Academy,  at  the  end  of  the  acad- 
emic years  ending  June,  1883,  and  June,  1884.  The  legal  number  of  the 
privates  in  the  JNIariue  Corps  is  2,500,  Congress  has  lately  appropriated 
for  only  1,500.  It  is  desirable  that  appropriations  should  be  made  for 
2,000. 


KEi'OliT    OF    THE    .-iEORETARY    01'    THE    NAVY.  473 

^'AVAX,  ACADEMY. 

The  Xaval  Academy,  since  Noveuiber  15,  1881,  Las  been  under  the 
sifjjeitiitendeucy  of  Capt.  Francis  M.  Kamsay,  and  is  efiiciently  and 
satisfactorily  conducted.  His  report  is  transmitted.  The  act  of  Au- 
gust 5,  1882,  which  provided  that  no  appointments  thereafter  should  bo 
made  of  officers  in  the  ZsTavy  from  the  graduates  of  the  Academy,  except  to 
lill  vacancies  in  the  lower  grades  of  the  line  and  the  Engineer  and  Marine 
Corps,  also  repealed  the  law  authorizing  2.5  cadet-engineem  to  be  annu- 
ally appointed,  continuing  only  the  right,  at  all  times,  of  each  Congres- 
sional district  to  have  one  cadet,  and  of  the  President  to  have  ten  cadets 
at  the  Academy ;  and  provided  that  all  naval  ca&ets  not  needed,  on  gradu- 
ation, to  fill  such  vacancies  or  to  make  the  number  of  annual  appoint- 
ments reach  ten,  should  be  given  certificates  of  graduation,  an  honorable 
discharge,  and  one  year's  sea-pay.  These  salutary  provisions,  which  were 
adopted  four  years  ago  for  graduates  of  the  Military  Academy  at  West 
Point,  were  absolutely  necessary  in  view  of  the  overcrowding  of  the 
naval  serWce  by  the  addition  each  year  of  all  the  graduates  of  the  Acad- 
emy from  the  Congressional  districts,  and  25  cadet-engineers.  The  effect 
upon  the  school  will  not  be  injurious.  AYhere  all  who  strive  obtain  the 
prize,  endeavor  will  be  less  than  where  the  rewards  are  few  and  only  con- 
ferred in  recognition  of  distinguished  merit.  Those  cadets  who  are  not 
needed  for  the  l!^avy  will  have  received  a  superior  education  at  the  gov- 
ernment expense,  and  with  a  donation  of  one  years  pay  in  advance, 
Avill  return  to  civil  life  admirably  fitted  to  enter  and  to  succeed  in  the 
most  lucrative  employments  of  peace,  while  standing  always  ready  with 
their  naval  capacities  enlarged  by  their  professional  or  business  experi- 
ence, to  come  to  the  aid  of  the  country  in  time  of  war. 

NAVAL   OBSERVATOEY. 

The  report  of  Vice- Admiral  S.  C.  Rowan,  Superintendent  of  the  Naval 
Observatory,  details  the  important  work  of  that  institution  during  the 
year,  and  the  provisions  made  for  parties  for  the  observation  of  the  ap- 
proaching transit  of  Venus  on  the  6th  day  of  December  at  the  following 
points :  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  Santa  Cruz,  Patagonia,  Santiago  de  Chile, 
New  Zealand,  San  Antonio,  Tex.,  Cedar  Keys,  Fla.,  Fort  Selden,  N. 
Mex.,  and  Washington,  D.  C. 

The  condition  oithe  old  Observatory  is  such  that  there  should  be  no 
furtlier  delay  in  making  the  necessary  approi)riation  for  the  construc- 
tion of  the  new  Observatory  authorized  by  the  act  of  Congress  of  Feb- 
ruary 4,  1880,  for  which,  at  a  cost  of  i!*(J3,000,  a  new  site  on  Georgetown 
Heights  has  been  alieady  i)iirchased. 

REPORT  OF  THE  ADiURAL  OF  THE  NAVY. 

The  department  has  received  the  supjxtrt  and  co-oi)eration  of  the 
Admiral  of  the  Navy,  under  whose  supervision  is  phiced  the  Board  of 


474       REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY. 

Inspection  und  Survey,  and  wbo  lia8  also  ftiven  special  attention  to 
the  appientice  training  system  and  to  the  development  of  torpedo 
boats.  The  report  of  the  Admiral  is  transmitted,  containing  his  vi^ws 
upon  those  subjects,  recommending  the  completion  of  the  monitors,  dis- 
cnssing  the  question  of  in-omotion  by  selection,  and  advising  a  stricter 
enforcement  of  section  149G  of  the  lievised  Statutes,  which  requires 
every  officer  before  promotion  to  establish  his  mental,  moral,  and  pro- 
fessional fitness  to  perform  all  his  duties  at  sea. 

EXPENDITURES. 

The  aijproi^riations  available  for  the  current  expenses  of  the  fiscal 
year  ending  June  30,  18S2,  were  $14,874,209.55,  to  which  should  be 
added  $59,813,  transferred  from  the  Navy  pension  fund  to  the  Xaval 
Asylum,  making  a  total  of  $14,934,082.55.  There  was  also  a  balance  on 
hand  at  the  beginning  of  the  year  under  the  appropriations  "pay  of  the 
IN"avy"  and  "pay  of  the  3Iarine  Corps,"  $1,903,071.50.  From  this  sum 
should  be  deducted  $1,375,086.16,  due  from  said  appropriations  to 
"general  account  of  advances,"  and  also  $134.58  carried  to  the  surplus 
fund.  There  should,  however,  be  deducted  from  this  balance  the  sum 
of  $'59,813,  appropriated  for  the  Kaval  Asylum,  as  that  sum  was  brought 
to  the  credit  of  the  asylum  on  September  13,  1881,  by  requisition,  and 
is  included  in  the  exhibit  of  expenditures  chargeable  to  the  Ifavy  ap- 
propriations as  refunded  and  deducted  from  the  amount  drawn  in  that 
month. 

The  net  amount,  therefore,  available  for  the  year  was $15, 402, 120  37 

The  expenditm-es  were 13,9:?6,294  96 

Leaving  a  balance  of 1,405,825  41 

To  this  amount  should  be  added  the  unexpended  balances  in  the  hands 
of  pay  officers,  as  shown  by  the  books  of  the  Fourth  Auditor 870, 682  55 

Which  shows  that  the  net  expenditures  for  the  fiscal  year  were 2, 336, 507  96 

less  than  the  amount  applicable  therefor. 

The  appropriations  available  for  the  operations  of  the  present  fiscal 

year  ending  June  30,  1883,  were  $15,575,858.98. 

Amount  drawn  by  Warrant  from  July  1,  18S2,  to  November  1,  1882  ...  5,220,314  25 
Amount  refunded  from  July  1,  1882,  to  November  1,  1882 123, 562  62 

Amount  expended 5,096,751  63 

leaving  available  :S^ovember  1,  1882,  $10,479,107.35. 

ESTIMATES.     ' 

The  Chiefs  of  the  respective  Bureaus  have  furnished,  according  to  sec- 
tion 430  of  the  Eevised  Statutes,  their  estimates  for  the  fiscal  year  ending 
June  30,  1884 : 

Pay  oftheXavy $7,512,580  00 

Pay  of  the  civil  establishment  of  the  navy-yards 194,130  00 

Ordnance  and  Torpedo  Corps 669,300  00 

Coal,  hemp,  equipment 1,021,000  00 


REPOKT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       475 

Navigation  and  navigation  supplies $187,000  00 

Repairs  and  preservation  of  vesstils 1,750,000  00 

Completing  liulls  of  tlie  New  York  and  Mohican '.00,  000  00 

Building  hulls  of  the  two  new  cruisers 2,080,000  00 

Building  machinery  for  tlie  two  new  cruisers 1,  800,000  00 

Completing  hulls  of  four  double-tuiTeted  monitors ~,  000, 000  00 

Buildhig  machinery  for  the  monitors 1. 105,000  00 

Steam  machinery,  tools,  &c 1,200,000  00 

Provisions  for  the  Navy 1, '200, 000  OU 

Medical  department 45,  OuO  00 

Repairs  of  hospitals,  laboratories,  «&c 47, 000  00 

Naval  Hospital  Fund 50,000  00 

Naval  Academy ie2,70!5  20 

Contingent  expenses  of  Department  and  Bureaus 230,000  00 

Naval  Asylum,  Philadelphia 92,191  00 

Maintenance  of  yards  and  docks 490, 000  00 

Repairs  and  improvements  of  navy-yards 3,502,444  00 

Support  of  Marine  Corps 1,004,326  5C 

Total 27,042,tf:8  76 

These  estimates  may  be  revised  as  follows : 

Pay  of  civil  establishment  at  navy-yards  reduced  to $122,500  00 

Building  hulls  of  two  new  cruisers 1,000,000  00 

Building  the  machinery  for  the  same 1,000,000  00 

Completing  hulls  of  four  monitors 1,000,000  00 

Building  machinery  for  the  same 582,500  00 

Naval  Asylum,  Philadelphia 59,813  00 

Maintenance  of  yards  and  docks 220,000  00 

Repairs  and  improvemeutij'of  navy-yards 1, 192,571  00 

Making  the  total  revised  estimates  $20,836,297.76. 

-       THE  LIGHT -HOUSE  SERVICE  AND   THE   COAST  SUETET. 

There  are  employed  at  the  present  time  20  oflScers  of  the  Navy  in  the 
Light-House  Service,  and  61  naval  officers  and  275  seamen  in  the  Coast 
Survey. 

These  two  branches  of  Ihe  public  ser\ice  are  maritime  in  their  nature 
and  purpose  ;  and  their  objects  have  no  connection  with  the  Treasury 
Department,  uiuler  which  they  are  now  placed. 

The  original  assignment  of  the  Light-House  Service  to  the  Treasury 
Department  is  explained  by  the  fact  that  wlien  it  was  first  established, 
no  Navy  Dopartigt'iit  cxistod.  At  one  time  it  was  administered  by  the 
Commissioner  of  the  Revenue,  at  another  by  the  Fifth  Auditor.  The 
defects  of  this  niTaiigement  led  to  the  fonnation,  largely  through  the 
efforts  of  naval  otliceiKS,  of  the  present  mixed  board,  wbich  remalDcd, 
for  no  assignable  reason,  an  adjunct  of  tin'  Treasury  Department. 

Of  the  twenty  officers  of  the  Xavy  enii)li<yed  in  the  Light-House  Serv- 
ice, three  are  members  of  the  Light-House  Board.  The  chairman  of 
the  board  is  a  rear-admiral  in  the  Navy;  tlie  Naval  Secretary,  a  com- 
mander in  the  Na^'y.  In  the  absence  of  the  chairman,  the  Naval  Sec- 
retary has  charge  of  the  office  of  the  Board.    The  executive  committee 


47  ()       REPORT  OF  THE  BECHETARY  OF  THE  NAVY. 

is  composed  of  the  chiiiiinan,  the  Naval  Secretary,  and  the  Jhij^iueer 
Secretary.  Tlioro  arc  fourteen  liglit-house  di.stricts,  eacli  under  the 
l^ersoual  charge  and  superintendence  of  a  naval  ofiQcor,  detailed  exclu- 
sively for  this  duty ;  and  in  three  districts  there  are  also  naval  officers 
detailed  as  assistant  inspectors.  Only  the  erection  and  repair  of  build- 
ings and  apparatus  arc  supervised  by  engineer  officers  of  the  Army, 
most  of  whom  perform  this  duty  incidentally,  and  in  addition  to  their 
regular  duties  under  the  War  Department. 

The  Light-House  Board  has  charge  not  only  of  light-houses,  but  of 
the  establishment  and  care  of  all  other  aids  to  navigation ;  light-ships, 
beacons,  buoys,  fog-signals,  and  sea-marks.  No  one  but  a  practical 
navigator  can  be  a  competent  judge  of  the  wants  of  mariners  in  the 
care  and  distribution  of  these  aids ;  and  the  Navy  Department  alone 
can  furnish  the  skill  and  experience  necessary  to  provide  for  the  safety 
of  vessels  on  our  coast. 

In  view  of  the  existing  duties  and  responsibilities  of  naval  officers  in 
connection  with  the  service,  and  of  the  strictly  maritime  character  of 
the  work,  it  is  desirable  that  the  light-house  administration  should  be 
transferred  to  the  Navy  Department. 

The  connection  of  the  Coast  Survey  with  the  Treasury  is  even  more 
remote  than  that  of  the  Light-House  establishment.  Its  primary  object, 
as  expressed  in  the  statute  (Eevised  Statutes,  section  4681),  is  to  *" cause 
a  survey  to  be  taken  of  the  coasts  of  the  United  States,  in  which  shal- 
be  designated  the  islands  and  shoals,  with  the  roads  or  places  of  anchorl 
age,  within  twenty  leagues  of  any  part  of  the*  shores  of  the  United 
States."  Subsequent  legislation  has  extended  its  operations  to  parts  of 
the  ocean  beyond  the  original  limit;  and  has  provided  for  deep-sea 
soundings,  observations  of  currents,  and  for  a  hydrographic  develop- 
ment of  the  dangers  of  ocean  navigation  on  the  west  coast  of  North 
America. 

For  the  past  fifty  years  the  Coast  Siu'vey  has  required  and  received 
the  support  and  assistance  of  the  Navy.  Thirty  naval  officers  a  year 
on  an  average  have  been  engaged  in  the  work,  and  during  the  last  ten 
years  the  number  has  steadily  increased.  Of  the  officers  now  on  the 
active  list  of  the  Navy,  232  have  at  various  times  been  so  employed. 
The  amount  expended  from  the  naval  appropriation  for  the  pay  and 
maintenance  of  the  officers  and  men  employed  on  Coast-Survey  duty  in 
the  year  1881  was  $220,931.64.  As  the  direct  appropriatiou  for  the 
Coast  Survey  for  the  same  year  was  $567,507.06,  it  appears  that  nearly 
one-third  of  the  total  expense  of  the  survey  was  borne  by  the  Navy. 

The  preparation  of  charts  and  sailing  directions  is  a  work  which  falls 
properly  within  the  scope  of  a  naval  establishment.  It  has  no  inherent 
connection  with  the  affairs  of  any  other  department  of  the  government. 
As  now  organized,  it  is  carried  on  by  a  nearly  independent  bureau  of 
the  Treasury  Department,  but  the  work  is  largely  done  by  naval  offi- 
cers, and  largely  supported  by  naval  appropriations. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       477 

In  view  of  these  considerations,  the  union  of  the  Coast  Siirvey  ad- 
ministration \dth  that  of  the  Xavy  is  suitable  and  proper,  and  wouhl  be 
advantageous  to  both.* 

Accompanying"  this  report  are  sketches  of  the  Light-House  Senice 
and  Coast  Survey  of  this  and  other  countries,  with  reiisons  in  favor  of 
their  administration,  in  the  United  States,  by  the  Xavy  Dej)artnient, 
prepared  one  by  Lieut.  Seaton  Schroeder,  and  the  other  by  Commander 
Charles  B.  Sigsbee,  both  assisted  by  reports  from  abroad  made  by  Lieut. 
CoDimander  French  E.  Chadwick  and  Lieut.  John  C.  Soley. 

THE  REVENUE  MARINE  AND  LIFE-SAVING  SERVICE. 

The  Revenue(yutter  Service  afibrds  a  proper  field  for  the  employment 
of  naval  officers.  The  duty  is  directly  in  the  line  of  their  profession. 
They  are  fitted  for  it,  both  by  training  and  experience ;  and  if  they  could 
be  so  employed  without  detriment  to  the  interests  of  the  existing  corps 
of  officers,  a  great  and  permanent  benefit  to  the  government  and  to  the 
Navy  would  result. 

The  service  of  the  cruising  cutters  is  strictly  naval.  The  duties  of 
the  officers  are  not  distinguishable  in  kind  from  those  of  naval  officers. 
The  discipline  is  naval,  as  far  as  naval  discipline  can  be  canied  on  out- 
side the  Navj'  Department. 

The  cruising  cutters  carry  an  armament  of  from  one  to  foiu*  guns.  The 
crew  are  armed  with  small  arms.  The  broadside  guns  are  furnished  by 
the  Navy  Department,  f  n  time  of  war  these  vessels  have  always  been 
pressed  into  the  naval  service. 

At  the  date  of  the  annual  report  of  1881  there  were  thirty-six  vessels 
in  the  Ivevenue  Marine.  Deductijig  the  eight  vessels  on  hmbor  duty 
and  five  sailing  vessels,  there  remain  twenty -three  steamers,  fifteen  of 
which  are  propellers  of  from  131  to  403  tons ;  and  eight  are  side-wh*^l 
steamers  of  from  201  to  -499  tons.  These  twenty-three  vessels,  which 
may  be  classed  as  gunboats,  are  good  vessels  of  their  class,  and  must 
always  be  regarded  as  a  part  of  the  available  naval  force. 

The  experience  acquired  by  junior  naval  officers,  if  employed  in  the 
cutter  service,  in  cruising  on  our  coast,  and  in  assisting  vessels  in  dis- 
tress, would  be  of  direct  benefit  in  their  profession,  and  to  the  country 
in  case  of  war.  They  would  acquire  a  familiarity  with  the  coast  and  a 
knowledge  of  local  pilotage  that  could  not  otherwise  be  obtained.  They 
woidd  have  practice  in  the  liandling  of  small  vessels  under  difficult  cir- 
cumstances. Employed  at  first  in  the  lowest  rank,  they  would  readily 
acquire  what-ever  might  be  new  or  ]>eculiar  in  this  branch  of  the  service. 

In  the  interests  of  economy  the  eliauge  suggested  is  desirable.  While 
the  Navy  proper  is  being  reduced,  the  government  is  keeping  up  a 
Revenue  Navy  of  34  captains,  86  lieutenants,  and  65  engineers ;  in  all, 
185  officers.  Two  training  schools  are  maintained  to  do  the  work  of  one. 
The  Naval  Academy  at  Annapolis  is  supplied  with  a  full  corps  of  in- 


478       REPORT  OF  THE    SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY. 

stmctors  and  every  appliance  for  tlie  training  at  all  .times  of  335  naval 
cadets.  At  the  same  time,  another  Hohool  is  maintained  at  New  Bed- 
ford for  tlio  traiiiin;^-  ofrllevcnue  Marine  cadt^ta,  covering:  the  same 
.i^rouud,  only  in  a  limited  degree,  and  with  imi)erfect  appliances.  The 
Kevenuc  Marine  cadets  r(iccive  $900  a  year  during  their  service  at  the 
school.  Kecent  legislation  has  provided  that  only  a  part  of  each  grad- 
uating class  at  Annapolis  shall  enter  tlie  Navy,  while  the  remainder 
shall  be  given  a  year's  pay,  and  remanded  to  private  life.  All  these 
young  men,  upon  whom  the  government  has  bestowed  a  gratuitous 
education,  are  well-fitted  for  their  profession,  from  whi(;h  they  are  thus 
excluded ;  and  by  opeuiug  the  cruising  cutter  service  to  these  graduates 
of  the  Ilfaval  Academy,  the  government  will  save,  at  a  single  stroke, 
the  whole  cost  of  a  duplicate  establisbment. 

In  order  to  harmonize  all  the  interests  involved  in  connecting  naval 
officers  with  the  Eevenue  Cutter  Service,  the  administration  of  the  two 
services  should  be  combined  under  the  l^axj  Department.  The  smal 
vessels  employed  on  harbor  duty,  which  are  onlj'-  used  to  carry  inspect- 
ors of  customs,  and  as  a  sort  of  harbor  police,  should  remain  solely 
attached  to  the  Treasury,  as  at  present.  The  duty  is  not  such  as  to  re- 
quire a  special  corps  of  officers.  The  cruising  cutters  should  be  trans- 
ferred to  the  Navy  Department;  but  they  should  be  assigned  to  duty 
in  the  various  districts,  as  at  present,  upon  the  requisition  of  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Treasury,  and  their  movements  may  be  directed  for  the  time 
being  by  the  (ioUectors  of  customs.  The  present  Eevenue  Marine  officers 
should  become  a  corps  in  the  Navy,  receiving  life  commissions  as  naval 
officers,  with  all  the  rights  and  privileges  that  belong  to  such  commis- 
sions, while  the  vacancies  gradually  made  at  the  foot  of  the  list  should 
be  supplied  by  the  detail  of  junior  officers  of  the  Navy  of  correspond- 
ing grade,  for  service  on  board  the  cutters.  It  is  not  proposed  to  re- 
move the  present  officers  of  the  Eevenue  Marine,  or  to  take  away  or 
abridge,  in  the  slightest  degree,  their  privileges  or  emoluments.  On  the 
contrary  they  would  retain  all  that  they  now  enjoy,  and,  without  re-ex- 
amination or  a  new  test  of  any  kind,  would  receive  in  addition  the 
benefits  of  a  permanent  naval  commission.  Vacancies  in  the  upper 
grades  should  continue  to  be  filled  by  promotion  in  the  corps,  and  naval 
officers  should  only  be  detailed  as  vacancies  are  made  at  the  bottom  of 
the  list.  The  duties  of  the  Eevenue  Marine  officers  would  remain  the 
same  as  they  now  are;  and  it  should  be  particularly  provided,  in  any 
change  that  might  be  made,  that  their  position  should  in  no  way  be  al- 
tered, except  by  giving  all,  including  the  engineers,  the  same  per- 
manency of  tenure  now  enjoyed  only  by  naval  officers,  and  the  same 
right  of  being  placed  upon  the  retired  list  of  the  Navy  in  case  of  ex- 
treme age  or  disability — changes  in  every  respect  advantageous. 

If  the  transfer  of  the  Eevenue  Marine  to  the  Navy  should  be  deemed 
desirable,  the  Life- Saving  Service  would  probably  follow.  The  two 
serviceii  are  already  so  closely  connected,  and  the  tendency  towards  a 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       479 

further  union  is  so  strong,  that  they  would  necessarily  be  conducted 
toj^ether.  By  the  act  of  1878,  it  was  provided  that  the  otiiccrs  of  the 
lievenue  ]V[arine  should  be  detailed  for  duty  as  inspectors  and  assistant 
inspectors  of  life-savinj!^  stations.  A  captain  of  the  Revenue  Marine  is 
the  superintendent  of  construction  in  the  Life-Saving  Service.  The 
cruising  cutters  co-oi)erate  actively  in  tlic  work  and  are  frequently  em- 
l)loyed  in  the  assistance  of  vessels  in  distress. 

If  it  is  not  the  policy  of  the  governniout  to  make  appropriations  for 
sutiicient  ships  of  war  to  give  adequate  occupation  to  all  our  naval  otfi- 
i^ers,  it  should  certainly  nutke  use  of  them  in  every  branch  of  the  public 
service  for  which  they  are  fitted.  A  highly  trained  corps  of  otlicers, 
such  as  modern  naval  warfare  demands,  cannot  be  created  in  a  day. 
If  the  personnel  of  the  Navy  is  to  be  kept  at  its  present  standard  of 
quality  and  numbers,  it  must  be  utilized  in  every  form  of  government 
employment  for  which  it  is  adapted.  In  this  Wew  it  hardly  admits  of 
question  that  the  lievenue  Marine  and  the  Life-Saving  Service  should 
be  joined  with  the  Navy.  No  disturbance  of  vested  interests  would  be 
caused  by  the  transfer;  on  the  contrary,  every  i)rovision  would  be  made 
to  guard  against  such  a  disturbance.  But  a  new  field  would  be  opened 
for  the  services  of  otlicers  alrea<ly  at  the  disj)osal  of  the  government, 
which  by  their  training  they  are  in  every  way  qualified  to  occupy. 

Interesting  information  and  suggestions  concerning  the  Kevenue 
Marine,  i)repared,  by  orders  from  the  Navy  Department,  by  Master 
George  H.  Peters,  and  relative  to  the  Life-Saving  Service,  })repare(l  by 
Lieut.  Albert  G.  Berry,  including  reports  from  abroad,  are  transmitted 
with  this  report. 

THE  C0]VI1VIERCIAL  MARINE.       * 

The  interests  of  the  Navy  are  inseparably  involved  with  those  of  the 
commercial  marine  of  the  country.  The  protection  of  commerce  is  the 
first  object  of  a  naval  establishment;  and  unless  efli(;i«'nt  i)reparation 
for  such  protection  is  made,  a  single  war  may  destroy  a  nation's  merchant 
fieet  beyond  hope  of  recovery.  The  carrying  trade,  when  once  diverted, 
is  slow  to  return  to  its  old  channels.  It  requires  more  supervision  and 
care  than  almost  any  other  industry,  and  a  nuiritime  state  which  fails  to 
give  it  the  fullest  encouragement  is  neglecting  its  most  vital  interests. 

As  the  merchant  marine  is  dependent  at  critical  perioils  uj>on  the 
Navy,  so,  on  the  other  hand,  the  Navy,  no  matter  how  strong  it  maybe, 
must,  in  emergencies,  avail  itself  of  the  resources  of  the  merchant  ma- 
rine. This  is  especially  true  in  the  United  States,  whose  policy  does*  not 
admit  of  a  large  standing  naval  force.  This  was  clearly  shown  during 
the  rebellion.  At  its  outbreak  the  Navy  had  nominally  a  tonnage  of 
105,L'71  tons.  To  increase  it,  215,97')  tons  of  shi])ping  were  bought. 
These  purchased  vessels  were  ill-suited  for  war  pur[»oses,  but  they  were 
none  the  less  indispensable.     If  ten  years  before  the  war  our  mai-itime 


480       REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAYY. 

iieceasitics  had  been  recognized,  and  the  relations  of  the  Navy  and  the 
merchant  marine  had  been  understood  and  organized,  the  government 
might  hav(^  Kav(;d  many  millions  of  dollars,  and  have  had  in  the  begin- 
ning vessels  capable  of  capturing  the  English-built  commerce -destroy- 
ers and  blockade-runners. 

As  the  Navy  must  thus  in  emergencies  resort  to  the  merchant  marine 
for  slii})s,  it  must  also  draw  upon  it  for  officers  and  men  to  supply  its 
deficiencies.  The  nautical  training  which  is  a  necpssary  qualification 
for  efficient  service  can  only  be  found  in  the  officers  and  men  of  the 
merchant  marine.  The  additions  to  the  Navy  thus  made  during  thQ 
war  were  7,500  officers  and  over  40,000  seamen. 

The  naval  establishment  is  further  dejMindent  on  the  merchant 
marine  through  its  relation  to  the  ship-building  interest.  It  must  be 
able  to  build  ships  within  the  country ;  and  all  the  requirements  for 
ship-building  must  here  exist.  The  plant  and  the^skilled  mechanics 
must  be  here.  But  the  ordinary  demands  of  the  Navy  will  not  support 
a  single  establishment;  and  ship-builders  cannot  exist  unless  they  find 
employment  and  profit  iu  building  commercial  vessels.  If,  therefore,  the 
present  downward  tendency  of  the  merchant  marine  is  unchecked,  the 
Navy  will  soon  be  in  such  a  position  that,  in  the  event  of  a  war,  it  will 
be  unable  to  build  a  single  vessel  or  to  recruit  its  numbers  by  officers 
or  seamen  of  nautical  experience. 

Important  as  the  merchant  marine  is  on  military  grounds  as  an  aux- 
iliary of  the  Navj',  it  is  more  indispensable  to  the  general  welfare  on 
economical  grounds. 

To  a  country  with  an  extensive  seacoast  and  numerous  harbors,  the 
possession  of  a  mgrchaut  marine  is  an  economical  necessity.  It  is  a 
form  of  enterprise  which  promotes  and  diffuses  the  influence  of  a 
nation  beyond  its  borders  far  more  than  agriculture,  or  mines,  or  man- 
ufactures. It  quickens  the  nation's  powers  and  infuses  life  and  vigor 
into  its  international  relations.  The  freight  earnings  of  our  vessels 
incretise  by  so  much  the  balance  of  trade  in  our  favor,  while  the  freight 
earnings  of  foreign  vessels  increase  the  balance  against  us.  The  busi- 
ness which  American  ship-owners  have  lost  would  have  employed 
thousands  of  seamen  and  mechanics.  But  all  the  benefits  of  the  carry- 
ing trade  have  accrued  to  a  foreign  jwpulation,  and  the  profits  have 
gone  to  enrich  foreign  investors. 

The  aggi-egate  profits  of  the  carrying  trade  are  enormous,  and  85 
per  cent  of  our  trade  is  now  absorbed  by  foreign  ships.  The  earnings 
for  the  transportation  of  ocean  freights  to  and  from  the  United  States 
amount  to  one  hundred  and  thirty-five  millions  per  annum,  American 
ships  carrying  less  than  one-sixth  of  the  value  of  the  goods.  The  ag- 
gregate of  American  tonnage  for  the  year  ending  June  30,  1881,  was 
4,057,734  tons;  of  this  amount  452,343  tons  were  barges  and  canal- 
boats.  Over  half  a  million  more  must  be  classed  as  river  steamers; 
and  a  like  amount  should  be  deducted  for  vessels  on  the  lakes.    There 


REPORT  Of  THE  SECRETARY,  OF  TJIE  NAVY.       481 

remain  2,500,000  tons  as  a  fair  estimate  of  owr  maritime  tonnage.  But 
sailing  vessels  make  up  75  per  cent  of  Xliis  amoiiut.  The  last  might 
almost  be  omitted  from  the  calculation,  ^r  at  this  day  the  strength  pt 
a  merchant  marine  lies  in  its  steamers,  not  in  its  sail  tonnage.  There 
are  only  152,709  tons  of  steamers  registfjred  for  foreign  trade,  of  which 
97,700  tons  are  built  of  iron  ;  02  vessels  iu  all,  at  an  average  of  1,500 
tons. 

Of  the  44,403  tons  of  steamers  built  on  our  seaboard  in  ISSl,  oulj- 
eight  vessels  are  classed  as  ocean  steanu-rts.  Their  aggregate  tonnage 
was  5,952  tons,  or  about  one  i)er  cent  of  the  ocean  steam-tonnage  built 
in  Great  Britain  in  the  sa-me  year.  The  total  tonnage  of  iron  steamers 
built  during  this  year  was  only  28,350  tons ;  and  there  are  no  steel 
steamers  under  the  flag  of  the  United  States. 

It  follows  that  though  our  aggregate  tonnage  6till  reaches  a  respecta- 
ble figure,  yet  the  ships  which  it  represents  fail  to  meet  the  demands  of 
ocean  commerce,  and  would  beof  little  use  for  war  purposes.  It  is  not  a 
modem  merchant  fleet,  and  is  being  fast  crowded  out  by  foreign  com- 
petition. 

The  following  table,  gi\ing  the  percentage  of  the  foreign  carrying 
txade  of  the  United  States  which  has  been  performed  by  Americ<in  ves- 
sels since  1840,  at  intervals  of  live  years,  shows  at  a  glance  the  decline 
of  our  maritime  industries: 

Per  cent. 

1840 S2.9 

1345 dl.7 

1850 72.5 

1855 75.6 

1860 06.  r. 

1865 27.7 

1870 35.6 

1875 25.8 

1880 17.4 

1881 16.0 

1882 15.5 

The  intervening  years  show  occasional  short  ])eriods  of  recovery,  but 
the  decline  has  not  been  arrested ;  and  in  the  last  three  years  it  has 
been  so  marked  and  so  rapid  that,  unless  a  change  so<:)n  takes  place,  our 
merchant  marine  will  he  cut  oil' from  the  foreign  trade  altogether. 

As  we  are  losing  trade  and  falling  ofl"  in  tonnage,  so  we  are  throwing 
our  seafaring  population  out  of  employment,  or  compelling  them  to 
seek  support  in  other  pursuits  or  under  other  flags.  During  the  years 
between  1800  and  1874,  298  natives  of  the  United  States  received  cer- 
tificates as  masters  in  the  British  merchant  umrine.  These  men  had 
received  their  training  under  their  own  flag,  but  the  want  of  opportunity 
for  service  ha<l  driven  them  into  foreign  employment. 

It  may  be  argued  that  capital  would  be  put  into  shipping  if  shipping 
were  profitable.  The  reply  is  that  shipping  would  become  profitable  it 
31  Ab 


■ib2      '  KEPOKT    OF    THE    .SECKETARY    OF    THE    NAVY. 

it  rrc(!iv<Ml  ;is  fair  treat iiuuit  as  ollior  forms  oT  iiivcKtmont.  All  the  in- 
terests liable  to  sutler  Irom  forei^^n  e,otni)etition  are  ])rotecte(l ;  but  that 
(iouiniercial  industry  in  which  Hnteriuitional  competition  is  shari)e8t,  in 
which  rival  nations  come  face  to  face,  is  left  by  the  government  to  take 
care  of  itself.  If  n)anul'actures  are  i)rotecte(l  and  nothinj^  is  done  for 
shipping,  ca[)ital  will  seek  employment  in  manufactures,  from  which 
the  government  guarantees  a  return.  Even  our  trans-continental  rail- 
ways, Avhich  had  nothing  to  fear  from  foreign  competition,  liave  received 
grants  which  in  comparison  place  the  interoceanic  carrying  trade  under 
fatal  disadvantages. 

But  it  is  not  merely  from  a  passive  policy  of  neglect  that  United 
States  vessels  in  the  foreign  trade  are  suffering.  They  are  burdened 
with  grievous  impositions,  local  and  national,  in  the  shape  of  fees,  taxes, 
pilotage-dues,  and  other  exactions.  In  order  to  give  shipping  a  fair 
chance  in  the  competition  for  capital,  it  must  be  placed  on  an  e(iual  foot- 
ing with  other  industries,  and  it  must  be  relieved  from  all  unuecessary 
burdens. 

For  the  foregoing  purpose  several  remedies  are  suggested,  having  for 
their  object  (1)  the  removal  of  impositions,  (2)  the  extension  of  protec- 
tive measures  to  the  neglected  industry,  and  (3)  the  reform  of  adminis- 
tration. 

I. — ^THE  REMOVAL  CV  IMPOSITIONS, 

1.  Compulsory  pilotage. — Pilotage  is  regulated  by  the  States,  and  is 
generally  compulsory.  The  fees  are  excessive,  and  the  numbers  and 
qualifications  of  pilots  are  largely  left  to  the  control  of  associations 
formed  by  themselves.  An  estimate  made  by  the  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce of  ISTew  York  for  1881  places  the  amount  received  by  129  New 
York  pilots  and  47  New  Jersey  pilots,  employed  at  that  port,  at  not  less 
than  $775,000  annually.  The  defects  of  the  present  system  should  be 
remedied  by  the  enactment  of  a  general  law  permitting  captains,  after 
examination,  to  pilot  their  own  vessels. 

2.  Local  taxation. — Efforts  should  be  made  to  secure  the  extension  of 
the  movement,  already  begun  by  the  priucijial  seaboard  States,  for  the 
abolition  of  local  taxes  on  shipping. 

3.  Compensation/or  tramportaiion  of  destitute  seamen. — Masters  of  ves- 
sels in  foreign  ports  are  required  to  bring  home,  upon  requisition  of  the 
consuls,  such  American  seamen  as  they  may  send  on  boa  rd.  The  compen- 
sation is  limited  to  $10.  The  master  has  a  right  to  emi)loy  these  sea- 
men in  navigating  the  vessel,  but  the  poor  quality  of  the  men,  coui)led 
Aviththe  small  rate  of  the  allowance,  makes  the  requirement  a  hardship 
to  owners. 

4.  Three  months'  exira  tcnges. — For  each  seaman  discharged  in  a  for- 
eign port,  three  months'  extra  wages  must  be  collected  by  the  consul 
from  the  master  of  the  vessel.  A  broad  discretion  is  allowed  to  con- 
suls in  rtftaking  discharges,  and  their  frequency  makes  the  provision  of 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       483 

the  statute  a  severe  burden.    The  aggregate  payments  under  this  head 
amount  to  $90,000  per  annum. 

5.  Consular  fees. — The  fees  paid  for  consular  services  constitute  an- 
other heavy  burden.  One  cent  per  ton  is  charged  for  receiving  a  ship's 
papers,  and  for  other  services  fees  varying  from  25  cents  to  85.  The 
charges  incurred  by  a  vessel  in  calling  ata  single  port  frequently  amount 
to  $50.  Assuming  that  one-half  the  fees  returned  by  consuls  in  the  year 
]881  were  collected  from  shiijping,  the  aggregate  amount  would  have 
been  $400,000. 

6.  MiseeUaneoMS  fees. — All  the  fees  for  services  in  connection  with 
shipping  are  fixed  at  high  rates.  For  admeasurement  for  tonnage  the 
fee  may  amount  to  830  for  a  vessel  of  moderate  size.  The  fees  for 
steamboat  inspection  and  for  licensing  officers  amounted  in  1881  to 
$307,554.  The  fees  paid  to  shipping  commissioners  are  also  excessive, 
being  $2  for  each  seaman  enlisted  and  50  cents  for  each  seaman  dis- 
charged. For  a  steamer  in  the  foreign  trade,  with  a  crew  numbering 
fifty  persons,  enlisted  and  discharged  six  times  a  year,  the  annual  cost 
^yould  be  $750. 

n. — PROTECTIVR   MEASURES. 

One  plan  proposed  for  the  revival  of  the  merchant  marine  is  the 
grant  of  a  government  bounty  for  the  construction  of  vessels  in  the 
United  Statesj  and  a  further  bounty  for  their  navigation  in  the  foreign 
trade. 

Both  measures  have  been  adopted  in  the  recent  French  nu'rchant 
shipping  law  of  January  29, 1881.  -  The  law  provides  for  a  bounty  to  be 
given  to  all  vessels  built  in  France  after  its  passage,  at  the  following 
rates :  For  iron  or  steel  vessels,  $11.58  per  gross  ton ;  for  wooden  vessels 
of  200  tons  or  over,  $3.86  per  ton;  for  wooden  vessels  under  200  tons, 
$1.93  per  ton;  for  composite  vessels,  $7.72  per  ton;  and  for  machinery, 
$2.32  per  100  kilograms,  or  a  little  more  than  one  cent  per  pound. 

The  law  also  provides  for  navigation  bounties,  granted  for  ten  years 
to  all  vessels  in  tlie  foreign  trade,  except  those  belonging  to  the  subsi- 
dized mail  lines,  of  29  cents,  per  net  ton,  tor  every  1,000  miles  traversed. 
The  bounty  decreases  annually,  1  cent  for  iron  vessels,  li  cents  for 
wooden  vessels,  and  1 A  cents  for  composite  vessels.  It  is  increased  15 
per  cent  for  vessels  built  according  to  plans  approved  by  the  Xavy  De- 
partment; and  in  case  of  war  all  merchant  vessels  may  bo  required  for 
state  puri)oses.  All  vessels  receiving  navigation  bountie»are  requiro<l 
to  cany  tlie  mails  and  one  mail  agent  free  of  charge. 

It  is  calculated  that  the  elTect  of  the  construction  bounty  provided  by 
the  French  law  will  be  equal  to  a  protection  oT  12  per  cent  on  the 
cost  of  the  vessel;  and  the  annual  charge  upon  the  trea^snry,  on  the 
basis  of  the  construction  of  50,000  tons  of  steamers  a  year,  will  be 
$855,955. 

Estimates  of  the  effect  of  the  navigation  bounty  show  that  it  will 


484       REPORT  OF  TH?J  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY. 

yield  an  average  return  of  il  to  10  ])(T  cent  per  annum  on  the  coHt  of 
the  veHsel,  and  that  the  annual  charge  upon  the  treasury,  during  the 
ten  years  for  which  the  bounties  are  established,  will  average  $1,439,780. 

Any  figures  that  might  ])e  given  to  show  the  eflect  of  the  French  law 
would  b(;  conjectural,  as  suflicient  time  has  not  elapsed  to  bring  in  full 
returns.  But  it  is  clear  that  the  aid  given  by  the  state  will  enable 
French  shi])-owners  to  carry  on  business  at  a  profit.  Foreign  shipping, 
which  now  has  a  large  share  in  the  carrying  trade,  will  bo  thrown  out 
of  competition;  and  the  probable  eflect  of  the  law  will  be  the  speedy 
creation  of  a  great  merchant  navy,  and  one  that  would  be  a  valuable 
auxiliary  in  time  of  war.  The  law  has  already  had  a  marked  effect  in 
giving  a  stimuhis  to  ship-building  and  ship-owning,  and  in  reawaken- 
ing these  declining  industries. 

A  memorial  was  presented  to  the  Gennan  Parliament  April  G,  1881, 
by  Prince  Bismarck,  in  which  that  acute  and  far-sighted  statesman  rec- 
ommended in  the  strongest  terms  the  adoption  of  a  measure  similar  to 
that  recently  adopted  in  France. 

The  principle  governing  the  French  law  has  frequently  been  advo- 
cated in  this  country.  A  bill  embodying  it  was  favorably  reported,  in 
1870,  by  a  select  committee  of  the  House  of  Representatives  on  the 
causes  of  the  reduction  of  American  tonnage.  In  his  report  of  Decem- 
ber 4, 1871,  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  recommended  the  passage  of 
a  law  carrying  out  a  similar  plan. 

But  the  most  natural,  legitimate,  and  effective  method  of  protecting 
and  reviving  the  merchant  marine  of  the  country  is  to  pay  a  compen- 
sation for  cariying  the  United  States  mails  in  American  ships  on  the 
great  ocean  highways  sufficient  to  result  in  the  permanent  establish- 
ment of  fast  steamship  lines.  It  is  not  the  cost  of  building  the  ships 
that  deters  our  capitalists  from  investing  in  lines  of  steamships.  It  is 
the  impossibility  of  competing  by  such  lines,  during  the  earlier  years 
of  their  existence,  with  the  lines  already  in  successful  operation  and 
sustained  by  large  annual  payments  from  foreign  governments. 

The  amounts  paid  by  the  English  Government  during  the  year  end- 
ing March  31,  1882,  for  foreign  mail  service,  were  $2,963,525;  for  home 
packet  service,  $527,500  (of  which  amount  $429,500  was  for  the  rapid 
mail  service  between  Kingstown,  Ireland,  and  Holyhead);  and  for  colo- 
nial contracts  (Australia),  $881,250,  making  in  all  $4,372,275.  These  pay- 
ments were  in  continuation  of  a  system  under  which  England  has  paid 
as  mail  compensation  to  her  steamship  lines  during  the  last  fifteen  years 
from  four  to  six  millions  of  dollars  annually. 

The  amounts  paid  py  France  in  1878  for  foreign  mail  service  were 
$4,505,052.65.  In  1879  Austria  paid  $1,034,044,  and  Italy  paid  $1,593,- 
214 ;  while  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1880,  the  United  States 
paid  for  foreign  mail  service  only  $196,684.08. 

Only  by  this  system  of  liberal  compensation  to  home  lines  for  car- 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       485 

rying  the  mails  have  otker  nations  taken  possession  of  the  commercial 
"waters  of  the  world,  driven  out  the  vessels  of  the  United  States,  and 
destroyed  their  participation  in  the  profits  of  the  carrying  trade.  By 
this  method  only  have  these  nations  secured  an  auxiliary  navy  of  great 
power  and  imjwrtance,  compelling  every  steamship  company  receiving 
a  mail  contract  to  furnish  ships  built  according  to  governmental  re- 
quirements and  subject  to  be  taken  for  national  use  in  time  of  war. 

Is  tJiere  any  other  way  by  which  the  United  States  can  resume  her 
place  among  the  powerful  maritime  nations,  instead  of  continuing,  as 
now,  to  sink  rapidly  toward  insignificance  upon  the  ocean?  Most  as- 
suredly not.  To  strive  successfully  for  the  commerce  of  the  ocean  we 
nrast  meet  England  and  France  with  their  own  weapons.  It  is  neces- 
sary that  Congress  should  assimilate  steamships  and  railroads  in  their 
treatment,  to  the  extent  of  paying  steamships  for  carrying  the  mails  of 
the  United  States  good  compensation — as  good  as  the  government  now 
pays  railways  for  ])erforming  similar  service.  I  advise  that  Congress 
be  asked  to  authorize  advertisements  for  proposals  and  the  execution  of 
contracts  with  the  lowest  bidders  for  carrying  the  I'nited  States  mails 
for  terms  of  years  from  the  principal  home  ports  over  the  important 
ocean  lines  to  foreign  jwrts,  in  fleet  American-built  steamers,  to  be  con- 
structed under  the  super\ision  of  the  government,  adapted  to  naval 
nse  in  time  of  war,  commanded  by. naval  officers,  and  subject  in  any 
emergencies  to  be  taken  possession  of  by  the  government.  This  policy, 
and  this  alone,  will  again  cover  the  commercial  seas  of  the  world  with 
vessels  carrying  the  American  flag,  and  furnish  to  the  country  a  fleet 
of  fast  iron  or  steel  steamships,  which  will  be  in  fact  a  part  of  the  navy; 
maintained  at  slight  expense  to  the  government;  increasing  every  day 
our  trade  and  commercial  prosperity;  and  without  which  there  will  not 
long  be  a  need  of  any  considerable  naval  force. 

HI. — UKKoUM    OI"   APMINISTIJATIOX — BUKKAI'    OF   MERCAN'TILE   MARINE. 

The  various  services  now  charged  with  the  supervision  and  regula- 
tion of  matters  relating  to  the  merchant  marine  should  be  brought 
together  in  one  de|);irtinent  or  bureau  of  the  government,  which  should 
be  distinctly  charged  with  the  execution  of  laws  concerning  the  ship- 
ping interests  of  tlie  country,  and  to  wlii(!h  the  ship-owners  could  look 
for  assistance,  and  for  the  reception  and  presentation  of  their  claims. 

Thei-e  exists  at  present  no  responsible  head  to  which  are  intrusted 
the  interests  of  our  merchant  marine.  Those  branches  of  the  subject 
of  which  the  government  undertakes  sui)ervision  are  so  scattered  among 
subordinate  offices,  variously  related  ami  looselj' organized,  that  the  in- 
dustry might  almost  as  well  be  left  to  itself. 

The  registry,  eniullment,  and  license  of  vessels  is  placed  in  the  office 
of  the  Kegisterof  tlie  Treasury,  with  the  regular  work  of  which  it  has  «i 
purely  accidental  connection,  and  the  details  are  carried  out  by  the  col- 


486       REPORT  OP  THE  SECRETARY  OP  THE  NAVY. 

lectors  of  customs.  The  inspection  of  steam-vessels,  witli  its  euiiil)rous 
machinery  of  a  board  of  executive  officers,  who  report  to  tbeinselves  and 
legislate  for  themselves,  also  finds  a  place  in  the  Treasury  iJepartmeut, 
with  whose  ordinary  functions  it  has  no  connection  whatever;  while 
there  exists  iu  another  department  a  body  of  officers,  the  naval  engi- 
neers, whose  daily  occupation  fits  them  directly  for  such  inspection  duty. 
The  local  inspectors  are  now  appointed  by  a  board  of  officials  composed, 
by  a  singular  provision  of  law,  of  a  district  judge,  a  collector  of  cus- 
toms, and  a  supervising  inspector.  The  shipping  commissioners,  who 
are  charged  with  all  administrative  matters  relating  to  our  100,000  sail- 
ors, are  appointed,  under  another  singular  provision,  by  the  judges  of 
circuit  courts.  Finally,  by  a  still  more  remarkable  arrangement,  the 
service  for  the  care  of  sick  and  disabled  seamen,  with  its  numerous  and 
spacious  hospitals  and  its  large  corps  of  surgeons,  is  in  charge  of  a 
bureau  of  the  Treasury,  while  naval  seamen  are  cared  for  by  another 
department,  with  duplicate  hospitals  and  a  sei)arate  corps  of  practi- 
tioners. 

Under  these  circumstances,  it  has  been  inevitable  that  the  subject 
of  the  regulation  of  our  merchant  marine  should  never  have  been  looked 
at  as  a  whole,  and  that  the  government  should  have  followed  no  con- 
sistent plan  or  jwlicy.  These  fragments  of  administrative  supervision, 
scattered  among  various  officials,  should  be  gathered  up  and  welded 
together  in  order  that  they  may  acquire  coherence  and  efficiencj'.  This 
is  an  important  step  in  the  revival  of  our  depressed  maritime  industries. 

The  simj)lest  and  most  natural  method  of  accomplishing  the  desired 
object  consists  in  the  establishment  of  a  Bureau  of  Mercantile  jMarine, 
in  the  Navy  Department.  The  scope  of  its  operations  may  be  defined 
at  the  outset  to  cover  those  branches  of  administration  which  exist  at 
the  i)resent  time,  in  other  connections,  and  which,  as  already  mentioned, 
include,  (1)  the  registry,  enrollment,  and  license  of  vessels;  (2)  the  in- 
spection of  steam  vessels ;  (3)  the  shipment  of  seamen. 

(1.)  Under  the  head  of  registry,  enrollment,  and  license  would  be 
included  the  duties  of  the  tonnage  division  attached  to  the  office  of  the 
Eegister  of  the  Treasury,  where  the  records  are  kept  of  the  tonnage  of 
registered,  licensed,  and  enrolled  vessels,  and  from  which  certificates 
are  issued  by  the  Eegister  through  the  collectors  of  customs. 

(2.)  Under  the  head  of  inspection  of  steam  vessels  would  be  included 
all  the  duties  performed  by  the  inspection  service — the  supervising  in- 
spector-general, the  supervising  inspectors,  the  inspectors  of  foreign 
Bteam  vessels,  and  the  local  boards.  The  service,  in  being  placed  under 
the  new  bureau,  would  undergo  a  simple  administrative  transfer,  no 
change  being  made  in  the  details  of  organization,  further  than  to  do 
away  with  the  central  board,  and  to  add  to  the  local  bodies  an  inspector 
of  navigation,  who  would  supply  an  urgent  want  of  the  service,  by  ex- 
amining and  certifying  as  to  instruments  and  charts  and  uniting  with 
the  inspector  of  hulls  and  the  inspector  of  boilers  iu  the  examination  of 
officers. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       487 

A  .sli^ut  oxaiiiiiiatioii  ol'  llie  (iiilics  d"  iM,si)CCtors  of  steam  vessels 
shows  their  special  and  teehuieal  chaiacler  and  their  close  relation  to 
the  nautical  profession  as  it  exists  to-day.  The  inspector  of  hulls  is  re- 
quired to  satisfy  himself  as  to  the  structure  of  the  ship,  the  accommo- 
dations for  ])assengers  and  crew,  tiie  completeness  of  e<}uipment  for  sav- 
ing life  and  for  extinguishinii  tire,  and  the  sufficiency  of  anchors  and 
cables.  The.  inspec^tor  of  boilers  must  inquire  into  the  safety  and  suffi- 
ciency of  the  boilers  and  engines,  including  everything  that  pertains  to 
the  steam  ma«:hinery.  Together,  the  two  inspectors,  acting  as  a  board, 
examine  the  qiLalilicationsof  masters,  chief  mates,  eugine«'rs,  and  i)ilot8 
of  steam  vessels,  and  upon  their  favorable  report,  licenses  for  the  term 
of  one  year  are  issued.  They  receive  fiom  licensed  officers  reports  of 
all  accitlents,  and  ihey  investigate  charges  of  incomi)etency  or  neglect 
against  such  officers.  Power  is  given  to  summon  witnesses,  and  u]>on 
I)roof  of  misbehavior,  negligence,  or  unskiilfulness,  the  local  board  may 
susi)eud  or  revoke  a  license. 

(.i.)  Under  the  head  of  the  shipment  of  seamen  would  be  included 
the  duties  of  the  .shipi)ing  commissioners,  which  are,  to  keep  a  register 
of  seamen,  to  sui)erintend  their  enlistment  and  discharge,  to  i)ruvide 
means  for  securing  their  presence  on  board  as  engaged,  and  to  facilitate 
ai)i)renticeshii)s.  Being  ai)pointed  and  controlled  by  the  circuit  courts 
of  the  United  States,  Ihey  are  not  directly  connected  with  any  executive 
department,  nor  does  any  departmentr  make  a  detailed  report  of  their 
doings.     , 

The  Buieau  of  Mercantile  Mariue  should  inelnde  an  au\ili;;ry  board 
composed  of  representatives  of  maritime  and  commercial  interests 
and  specially  qualilied  officers  of  the  government,  to  advise  and  assist  in 
the  oi)eratious  of  the  bureau.  Marine  offices  should  be  established  at  the 
principal  ports,  under  the  direction  of  the  Bureau  of  ]\rercantile  Maiine, 
which  should  be  the  offices  of  record  of  bills  of  sale,  transfers,  and  hy- 
pothecations of  vessels,  and  at  which  the  business  of  the  local  inspectors 
and  the  shipping  commissioners  should  be  transacted.  In  the  matter 
of  registrntion  of  vessels,  the  Bureau  of  Mercantile  Mariiu*  would  per- 
form the  duties  of  tlie  llegister-s  office,  and  the  local  boards  those  of  the 
collectors  of  customs,  and  the  admeasurement  of  vessels  for  tonnage 
would  also  fall  to  the  local  board. 

It  is  believed  tliat  a  reorganization  of  the  service,  such  as  is  sug- 
gested, while  it  would  strengtluMi  the  merchant  marine,  would  incident- 
ally be  a  benelit  to  the  Navy.  The  natural  connection  between  the  two 
has  already  been  itointed  out,  but  the  total  separation  in  matters  of 
administration  luis  blinded  our  ])Coplo  to  the  fact  that,  in  consequence 
of  the  decline  of  our  maritime  industries,  naval  opi^rations  in  the  event 
of  a  war  would  be  paralyzed  by  the  want  of  materials  with  which  to 
cany  them  on.  ICveu  if  a  merchant  fleet  existed  to  sui)jtly  this  deli- 
ciency,  the  Navy  Department  is  notsup[)lied  with  the  information,  nor 
its  officers  with  the  facilities,  nor  its  bureaus  with  the  machinery,  to 


488       REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY. 

eiuible  tbeiii  to  avail  tliemsclvcs  of  suuh  scattered  reHouice.s  as  our 
maritime  industries  would  adord.  Tbo  Navy  Department  possesses 
special  advjnitafios  lor  c;irryin<j;-  outtlie  proposed  transfer.  The  bureau 
system,  in  operation  in  the  Department,  can  be  extended  to  include  the 
mercantile  marine  without  confusing  or  involving  its  afl'airs  with  those 
of  any  other  branch  of  the  service.  In  process  of  time,  naval  officers 
jViiniliar  with  the  construction  of  vessels,  the  qualities  of  engines  and 
boilers,  the  qualilications  of  masters  and  mates,  and  the  needs  of  sea- 
men, can  be  partly  employed  in  the  details  of  administration,  with  ben- 
efit to  themselves  and  to  the  interests  that  are  jdaced  in  their  charge. 

E*repared  by  Lieut.  Carlos  G.  Calkins  and  appended  to  this  rei)ort 
are  full  statistics  of  the  decadence  of  our  commercial  marine;  a  summary 
of  the  defects  in  our  admiuistrative  laws  governing  the  same ;  a  com- 
parison of  our  system  with  that  of  other  nations,  and  arguments  in 
favor  of  the  establishment,  in  the  Navy  Department,  of  such  a  bureau  of 
commercial  marine. 

If  it  should  be  deemed  ad\isable  to  establish  the  Bureau  of  Mercantile 
Marine  in  the  Navy  De])artment,the  Marine  and  Naval  Hospital  services 
would  naturally  be  united.  Obviouslj'^  the  department  with  which  the 
service  is  naturally  associated  is  the  Navy  Department — a  department 
which  now  has  the  physical  care  of  8,250  seamen,  a  department  to  which 
the  service  is  akin,  to  which  it  is  of  the  greatest  importance  to  foster, 
by  every  means  at  its  command,  that  very  class  wliom  the  service  is 
designed  to  relieve ;  and  in  which  there  is  a  bureau  specially  charged 
with  the  care  and  comfort  of  seafaring  men. 

Valuable  facts  and  statistics  upon  this  subject  of  marine  and  naval 
hospitals  have  been  collected  and  arranged  by  Midshipman  Philip  E. 
Alger,  and  are  herewith  transmitted. 

1 
The  criticisms  and  recommendations  in  this  report  are  made  with  a 
sincere  and  earnest  desire  to  promote  the  success  of  the  Navy  and  the  i 
commercial  interests  of  the  country.     If  the  naval  establishment  is  not  j 
to  be  made  effective,  it  should  be  discontinued,  and  the  fifteen  millions 
annually  expended  should  be  reserved  to  procure,  in  national  emer- 
gencies, the  assistance  of  foreign  ships  and  guns.     If  governmental 
measures  are  not  soon  ado])ted  to  promote  the  carrying  trade  and  to 
an'est  the  disappearance  of  American  ships  from  the  ocean,  we  shall 
soon  cease  to  be  a  seafaring  people  and  shall  not  need  to  maintain  a 
Navy  of  our  own.     Tliese  are  strong  ex])ressious,  but  they  are  justified 
and  required  by  the  i:)reseut  condition  of  our  naval  and  maritime  interests. 

WILLIAM  E.  CHANDLER, 

Secretary  of  the  ^\ivy. 


P  A  P  E  K  S 

ACCOMPANVINTi 

THE  REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY. 


REPOET  OF  THE  CHIEF  OF  THE  BUREAU  OF  YARDS  AND 

DOCKS. 

Bureau  of  Yards  and  Docks, 

Navy  Depauj'ment, 
Washington,  1).  C,  October  1>,  1882. 

Sir:  Tlie  following?  report  of  the  oi)eiatious  of  this  bureau,  for  the 
liscal  year  en^injj  June  30,  1882,  and  estimates  for  the  fi.scal  year  eiul- 
iiig  June  30,  lb8'l,  are  respectiuUy  preyentcid. 

NAVY-YARD,  PORTSMOUTH,  N.  H. 

The  amount  appropriated  for  the  various  i)urpose3  of  this  yard  has 
been  cal-efully  and  judiciously  applied,  and  the  property  is  in  as  j;ood 
condition  as  cnn  be  reasonably  expected. 

The  sum  of  85,000  was  approjjrijited  in  1881  for  improvement  of  the 
water  sui)i»ly.  Under  this  appropriation,  connections  by  pipes  have 
been  made  with  the  chief  sources  of  sujiply,  and  a  large  amount  of  pipe 
has  been  laid. 

From  la(;k  of  fuiuls  Ihe  water  head  has  been  neglected,  andthei)onds 
have  become  so  clogged  by  grass  and  weeds  as  to  seriously  diminish  the 
body  of  water.  It  is  necessary  that  these  ponds  shall  be  cleared  of 
vegetable  and  other  accumulations,  and  their  capacity  increased.  For 
this  purpose  an  estimate  of  $2r>,000  is  presented. 

NAVY-YAED,  BOSTON,  MASS. 

Tlie  usual  work  of  repairs,  &c.,  has  been  can-ied  on  at  this  yard  as 
economically  as  possible,  but,  nevertheless,  the  sum  allotted  for  the  care 
of  this  vast  pr<)i)erty  has  not  been  sulitii:ient  to  prevent  deterioration. 
For  the  ])reseut  fiscal  year  the  au)0unt  ai)propriiited  was  only  half  that 
of  the  previous  year,  and  the  estimates  ior  the  coming  year  are  the  same 
as  last. 

For  imi)rovement  of  the  yard,  I  respectfully  renew  the  recommenda- 
tions of  my  last  annual  report,  in  fa\'or  of  the  following  works,  vii; : 

For  yiirds  and  docks  workshops  (esliaiatoil  cosr) SGli,  7^i» 

For  n:liiyin;Li;  water  main,  Hco 1'),  IHXi 

For  c.irt'slu-.l 10,408 

For  paviiiff  mid  ^riidiiig 'JO,  000 

For  caisson  lor  dry-dock'! i :!l,(M)0 

Extensive  repairs  tomacliine-sliop 45,  000 

Tlie  deterioration  which  has  taken  place  since  these  works  were  first 
estimated  for,  and  that  \\  Inch  will  take  place  before  the  money  is  avail- 
able, has  rrndcrcd  au  increase  over  the oiiginal  estimates  necessary.  All 
these  works  are  impoitant  and  r'ssi'Utial. 

The  wharfage  of  this  yard  is  in  a  veri'  defective  condition,  and  ex- 
tensive repairs,  and  in  some,  cases  rcliuilding.  uw  absolutely  necessary. 
I  therefore  deem  it  my  duty  to  aak  for  au  appropriation  of  887,000  for 
this  purpose. 

489 


490  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

The.  uiKlcrjjrou  11(1  water  sorvicc  is  in  .sii(!li  (joiulitioii  as  to  cau.se  a  large 
aiimial  outlay  lor  repairs  aiid  gr(;at  waste  from  leaka^^e.  The  pixies 
should  be  renewed. 

NAVAL  STATION,  NEW  LONDON,  CONN. 

I  respectfully  renew  my  reeommendation  of  last  year,  for  au  ai)])roi)ri- 
atiou  of  ."jfl5(),()00,  for  connneiicing  the  constnu^liou  of  a  quay  wall  along 
the  water-front  of  this  yard. 

NAVY-YARD,  NEW  Y'ORK. 

The  amount  of  funds  available  during  the  past  year  was  iuadefjuate 
to  the  requirements,  and  where  so  much  was  to  be  don<^  it  was  diilicult 
to  know  exactly  where  to  apply  it,  but  it  is  believed  that  it  has  been 
judiciously  expended. 

For  the  present  fiscal  year  appropriation  was  made  for  dredging, 
$30,000;  intercepting  sewer,  $00,000;  caisson,  $30,000.  Contracts  are 
now  being  made  for  the  sewer  work,  and  the  dredging  and  caisson  will 
soon  be  taken  in  hand. 

An  estimate  for  $78,930  is  presented  for  the  erecti(m  of  a  building  to 
be  used  for  the  storage  and  preservation  of  property  pertaining  to  yards 
and  docks  departnient.  I  deem  this  a  most  imi)ortant  and  mucli  needed 
improvement,  as  the  above  storage  is  now  only  partially  ettected  in 
wooden  buildings  and  shanties,  inconveniently  located,  illy  adapted  to 
the  pnrpose,  unsightly,  ami  in  some  cases  unsafe,  and  for  want  of  stor- 
age room  valuable  tools  and  implements  are  exposed  to  damage  and  loss. 

The  original  plan  of  the  machine  shop  for  steam  engineering  contem- 
plated two  wings,  one  for  boiler  shoii  and  the  other  for  an  erecting  shop. 
I  respectfully  renew  my  recommendation  of  last  year  for  an  appropria- 
tion of  $135,243  for  the  erection  of  the  boiler-shop  wing  to  this  build- 
ing. The  erection  of  this  wing  will  add  much  to  the  etficieucy  of  the 
steam  engineering  department,  by  concentration.  The  present  boiler 
shop  is  at  some  distance  from  the  machine  shop,  inconveniently  located, 
and  is  in  an  unsafe  condition.  After  being  rejjaired  it  can  he  devoted 
to  other  purposes. 

The  temporary  shed  for  the  protection  of  shipwrights  and  others  em- 
ployed upon  vessels  in  the  dry-dock  is  in  a  very  bad  condition,  ueediiig 
repairs  amounting  virtually  to  rebuilding.  It  is  proposed  to  erect  by 
the  side  of  the  dock  a  permanent  brick  and  iron  structure  for  the  above 
purpose,  where  M'"orkmen  can  be  protected  in  all  weather  and  an  esti- 
mate of  its  cost  is  respectfully  presented,  viz,  $13,814. 

The  building  at  present  used  as  a  paint  shop  is  very  old,  built  of 
wood  and  needing  very  extensive  repairs  (which  it  is  hardly  worth),  its 
floors  oil-soaked,  and  the  whole  concern  a  constant  danger  from  Hre.  An 
estimate  of  $19,98G  is  presented  to  erect  a  substantial  fire-proof  build- 
ing in  its  ])l«ce. 

Until  the  sewer  authorized  to  be  built  across  the  yard  to  the  east 
river  is  completed,  the  sewerage  of  the  northeastern  portion  of  the  city 
of  Brooklyn  must  continue  to  be  emptied  into  the  water-front  of  this 
yard  to  the  great  injury  of  the  channel,  imi)airmeut  of  its  limited  water- 
front, destructive  of  property,  and  detrimental  to  health. 

To  preserve  this  channel,  prevent  the  imi)airment  of  the  limited  water- 
front, and  to  keep  the  entrance  to  the  dry-dock  always  accessible,  dredg- 
ing is  an  absolute  necessity,  and  an  estimate  of  $50,000  is  respectfully 
presented  for  this  purpose. 


REPORT  OP  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       491 

The  so-called  cob-dock,  a  valuable  adjunct  to  this  yard  for  stora^^o 
and  other  ])urposes,  is  iu  a  very  bad  condition  and  needs  « xrensive  re- 
pairs for  its  jireservatioii.  An  estimate  of  $75,000  is  presented  for  the 
comuienceiaent  of  this  much  needed  work. 

LEAGUE  ISLAND  NAYY-YAED. 

The  ordinary  ojjerations  of  this  station  Lave  been  conducted  with 
economy  and  j^ood  ju<lgment.  It  is  not  a  com|>Ieted  yard,  but  on  the 
contrary  is  only  in  its  infancy;  theivfore  its  needs  are  great. 

Permanent  l)uildiny;s  are  needed  for  worlvsh()i)S  and  storehouses  for 
the  ditferent  departments,  oliice  buildinjis  for  the  transaction  of  busi- 
ness, and  dwellinjis  for  the  othcers  stationed  there,  coisting  probably 
some  $700,000,  but  as  the  nature  of  the  locality  is  such  that  no  pernui- 
neut  l)uildings  can  be  erected  until  the  land  is  prepared  therefor,  I  pre- 
sent no  estimate  ibr  them.  I,  however,  resj)ectfully  present  an  estimate 
for  5>Lj5,000  ibr  dnnlgin^-  and  fillin*;-  in.  Before  buildings  are  erected 
this  lillinji-in  i)rocess  must  be  carried  on  and  time  jiiven  for  tiie  material 
to  settle  to  ])ernianeut  grade.  The  filling-iu  mateiial  to  be  takeu  mostly 
from  the  back  channel. 

A  wharf  on  the  Delaware  front  is  much  needed,  and,  should  building 
operations  be  commenced  on  a  large  scale,  will  become  an  absolute  ne- 
<*essity,  and  an  estimate  for  this  purpose  is  therefore  presented  of  $2G,- 
410. 

I  would  also  strongly  recommend  the  continuance  of  the  paving  sys- 
tem already  begun,  as  in  wet  weather  the  roads  of  the  yanl  are  almost 
impassable.    An  estimate  forcontinuiug  paving  of  $12,204  is  presented, 

WASHINGTON  NAVY- YARD,   D.   0. 

The  general  condition  of  thebuildings  and  works  under  the  cognizance 
of  this  Bureau,  is  very  fair,  and  gives  evidence  that  the  a]Ji)ropriation 
has  been  carefully  expended. 

The  following  estimates  are  respectfully  ])reseuted  for  works  of  im- 
])rovement,  considered  necessary  to  its  efiiciency,  viz  : 

The  ordnance  nuu;hiu<^shop,  89."), 000. 

The  building  at  i)resent  used  for  this  i)urpose  was  surveyed  iu  June, 
1881,  ami  found  to  be  unsafe.  It  was  extensively  repaired,  and  reduced 
one  story,  and  is  now  inadequate  to  the  requirement  of  the  ordnance 
de]tartment.  The  board  of  survey  recon)mended  ilie  erection  of  a  new 
building,  and  its  re])ort  was  approved  by  the  honorable  iSecretarv  of 
the  Xavv  .Uiiu'  ;}0,  1881. 

Steam"  tug  oi'lU  feet  draft,  $o,000. 

This  tug  is  a  necessary  adjunet  to  the  dredging  a])paratus-and  its 
operations.  It  is  proposed  to  remove  the  dredged  material  to  the  Hats 
opjtosite  the  yard,  and  for  this  work  light  draft  is  necessary. 

For  continuation  of  dredging,  $15,000. 

The  western  limit  of  this  navy-yard  is  only  protected  by  the  adjoin 
ing  nuirshy  land,  and  is  entirely  open  to  access  by  unauthorize«l  per- 
sons and  conse<puMit  depredation  and  mischief.  An  estimate  of  $21,711 
is  asked  for  to  extend  the  yard  wall  along  this  boundary  to  the  river. 

In  this  connection  I  deem  it  advisable  to  renew  the  recomnu'ndation 
made  in  tbrmer  years  for  the  purchase  by  the  govennuent  of  square 
.853,  ami  even  to  extend  this  purchase  to  tlie  east  house-line  of  Fourth 
street.  The  latter  will  give  us  iirm  land  on  which  to  erect  the  wall, 
while  with  the  i»r<'sent  liuiits,  or  with  the  addition  of  s(jnare  853,  the 
wall  would  be  built  through  the  marsh  at  eonsiderably  greater  eost.  An 
estimate  of  $12,004  is  presented  for  the  purchase  of  square  ^53. 


492  PAPERS  ACCOMPANYING  THE 

NORFOLK  NAVY-YARD. 

This  yard  is  in  fair  condition,  and  Las  been  well  cared  for. 

The  following  works  of  improvement  are  reconimeudedaud  estimates 
presented  therefcn-: 

Extending  railroad  tracks,  &e.,  $30,000. 

The  annual  cost  of  transportation  in  this  yard,  to  this  Bureau,  is  be- 
tween $15,000  and  $20,000,  and  very  slow  at  that.  It  is  proposed  to 
make  connections  with  proper  turn-onts,  &c.,with  the  wharves  and  store- 
houses, and  with  a  small  engine  and  a  few  cars  the  transportation  in 
this  \ard,  it  is  believed,  can  be  reduced  below  $10,000. 

Extension  of  quay  wall,  $300,000. 

This  very  ini])ortant  work  should  be  carried  on  as  rapidly  as  possible, 
as  a  matter  of  economy.  Where  the  ravages  of  the  Teredo  navalis  areas 
extensive  and  rapid  as  in  the  water  adjacent  to  the  .yard,  the  repairing 
and  rebuilding  of  wooden  wharves  is  a  constant  and  heavy  expense. 
It  is  important  to  continue  the  quay  wall  of  concrete  and  stone  the  entire 
length  of  the  water-front. 

Cistern  near  foundry,  $4,967. 

This  yard  is  mainly  dependent  upon  cisterns  for  its  supply  of  water 
for  mechanical  and  fire  purposes. 

This  is  one  of  the  most  important  yards  on  the  Altantic  coast,  and  its 
usefulness  shoidd  be  increased.  To  this  end  the  present  dry-dock  should 
be  enlarged  and  another  built.  An  estimate  is  respectfully  presentetl 
for  $202,2'47  for  the  former,  and  as  the  dock  cannot  be  used  while  the 
Avork  of  extension  is  going  on,  it  is  recommended  that  a  marine  railway 
be  built  before  the  work  on  the  dock  is  commenced,  and  an  appropria- 
tion of  $101,581  is  asked  for  this  purpose. 

Boiler-Bhop §48,588 

Extension  of  crecting-shop  No.  23 lo,  DDH 

Tiiul)e-i\shecis  Nos,  84  and  35 71,034 

Chain  and  cordage  store 36, 158 

The  last  four  items  are  for  buildings  much  needed,  and  it  is  simply 
restoring  upon  former  sites  buildings  that  were  destroyed  daring  the 
war. 

PENSACOLA  NAVY- YARD. 

If  this  yard  is  to  be  retained  its  usefulness  should  be  increased,  and 
to  this  end  it  is  important  that  the  work  commenced  many  years  since, 
viz,  the  building  of  the  quay  wall  and  forming  a  basin,  should  be  con- 
tinued. 

The  southern  front  of  this  yard  is  the  only  portion  having  sufficient 
ilepth  of  water  for  vessels  to  reach  the  wharves,  and  where  they  are  much 
exposed  to  the  heavy  southerly  storms  and  seas,  rendering  it  frequently 
impossible  for  vessels  to  lie  at  the  wharves  without  endangering  their 
safety  and  that  of  the  wharves.  The  design  was  to  inclose  a  large  area 
of  w  ater — seven  acres  ou  this  front — wherein  vessels  could  lie  in  safety 
at  all  times. 

A  portion  of  this  quay  wall  was  completed  before  the  war  of  the  re- 
bellion, but  nothing  has  betn  done  since,  and  nearly  if  not  quite  all  of 
the  original  plant  has  disapi)eared  by  theft,  fire,  and  natural  decay. 

The  estimate  ])resented  for  the  completion  of  this  work,  as  originally 
designed,  is  $1,002,700;  but  as  its  importance  and  necessity  will  depend 
ui)on  the  fate  of  the  yard,  it  is  not  presented  as  an  estimate  for  an  ap- 
Xnopriation. 

An  estimate  is  made  and  api^ropriatiou  asked  of  $71,073  for  complet- 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRF.TARV  OF  lUE  XAVY.       493 

iug  the  iroij  .sectional  dry  dock.  Tlioro  aiv  four  sections  of  this  dock 
now  at  the  yard,  and  tlic  money  asked  for  is  necessary  for  setting  up 
the  sides,  frames,  and  machinery  for  their  proper  working. 

The  facilities  for  landing  and  shipping  coal,  &c.,  at  this  station  are 
imperfect  aud  inefdcieut.  The  depth  of  water  at  the  coal  wharf  is  in- 
sufficient for  any  other  than  small  vessels,  aud  much  of  the  coal  has  to 
be  lauded  at  a  wharf  twelve  hundred  feet  distant  from  the  coal  house, 
aud  carted  thence  through  the  heavy  sand  at  great  expense.  It  is  pro- 
posed to  extend  the  coal  wharf  and  improve  the  facilities  for  lauding 
coal,  aud  an  estimate  of  $H),8(»0  is  presented  for  this  puri)ose. 

During  the  war  the  officers'  quarters  were  burned.  The  small,  un- 
healthy, an<l  uncomfortable  brick  kitchens  have  since  been  occupied  as 
(puirters.  Some  of  these  buihlings  have  been  raised  a  story,  and  made 
into  comparatively  comfortable  residences.  There  are  still  three  of  these 
buildiugs  uuraised,  and  it  is  proposed  to  make  theui  uniform  with  the 
others.  It  is  estimated  that  the  cost  of  this  work  will  be  $25,000,  and 
that  sum  is  respectfully  asked. 

An  estimate  of  J:^5,o6o  is  presented  for  extending  the  railroad  fa<.'ili- 
ties  of  this  yard.  The  soil  is  purely  sand,  rendering  teaming  a  difiicult. 
laborious,  expensive,  and  slow  work. 

MARE  ISLAND  NAVY- YARD. 

This,  the  only  navy-yard  on  the  Pacific  coast  of  the  United  States,  is 
of  the  first  importance,  and  should  be  put  and  kept  at  all  times  in  a 
thorouglj  condition  of  usefulness. 

Dui'iug  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 1882,  considerable  progress  has 
been  made  upon  tlie  stone  dry-dock  in  course  of  construction.  This 
dock  was  commenced  sonieuine  years  ago,  and  it  is  fully  time  it  shouhl 
have  been  finished,  indeed,  it  is  strongly  advised  that  it  should  be 
hurried  to  completion.  The  excavation  is  now  progressing  toward  the 
face  of  the  dock,  and  the  caisson  should  be  built  and  put  in  place  a«  soon 
as  possible.  This  is  essential  to  the  safety  of  the  work  as  well  as  to 
the  lives  of  thos«'  engaged  upon  it,  for,  should  the  coffer-dam  suddenly 
give  way  during  working  hours,  the  destruction  of  the  dock  would  be 
assured,  as  also  many  lives.  Jt  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  this  cotier- 
dam  has  been  down  nine  years,  aud  that  apprehensions  of  its  giving  way 
are  not  groundless. 

I  respectfully  ])reseut  the  following  extract  from  the  report  of  Civil 
Hngineer  C.  C.  Wolcott,  in  charge  of  the  dock,  upon  whose  opinion  and 
judgment  I  place  great  reliance: 

Tlie  saff-ty  of  the  work  <;an  ^>o  -well  assured  \vheu  the  oaissoii  is  in  place,  but  iiutil 
I  hat  progress  lias  beeu  made  I  euti  only  itivito  atteutiou  to  the  eoustant  warnings  ol' 
llie  danf^er,  and  to  the  statement  and  tracing  showiuf;  its  decayed  and  cnfeel)lcd  con- 
dition as  ascertained  hy  the  boring  tests,  and  to  the  enormous  force  it  is  called  upon 
to  resist,  and  which  moves  sueli  an  inuiionse  btructuro  to  and  fro  with  the  tides,  as 
shown  in  the  recorded  movements. 

The  extract  refeis  to  the  cotfer-dara.  In  -view  of  the  absolute  neces- 
sity of  completing  this  dock  I  do  not  hesitate  to  present  an  estimate  of 
8700,000  for  its  ])robable  comi)letion.  This  is  not  only  for  the  caisson 
and  pumping  engines,  but  lor  the  dock  itself,  and  it  is  advisable  that  a 
portion  at  least  of  this  amount  shouhl  be  made  available  immediately, 
as  in  all  probability  the  caisson  will  have  to  bo  built  aud  fitted  at  the 
East,  and  the  material  then  shipi)ed  to  California.  The  same  may  be 
probably  said  of  the  puujping  machinery. 

The  necessity  for  increased  i)rotectiou  of  timber,  lumber,  &C.,  has 


494  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 

long  been  mjinifest  at  this  yard,  and  should  ])e  i)rovided.'  To  this  end 
it  is  proposed  to  mako  an  achlition  of  wood  to  the  present  iinfinisbed 
timber-shed  No.  1)1,  to  the  extent  of  200  feet  by  70,  and  for  this  pur- 
pose an  estimate  of  $11,803  is  presented. 

In  consequence  of  the  lonft-contiuued  dry  season  in  California  wherein 
the  grasses  and  all  wood-work  become  so  dried  up,  tlie  dan<^er  from 
tire  is  greatly  increased,  while  the  yard  is  inefhciently  protected  from 
tJie  ravages  of  this  destructive  element.  More  protection  is  absolutely 
necessary,  as  many  of  the  buildings  and  valuable  x)roperty  are  far  re- 
moved from  the  source  of  water  supply.  I  therefore  earnestly  recom- 
mend the  construction  of  cisterns  in  suitable  locations,  to  be  kept  at  all 
times  filled  with  salt  water,  as  a  reserve,  and  present  an  estimate  of 
$30,000  for  this  purpose. 

The  continuance  of  the  quay  wall,  construction  of  wharves,  &c.,  are 
works  of  great  im])ortance.  The  present  water  front  is  very  limited 
and  totally  inadequate  for  the  requirements  in  a  time  of  activity  5  owing 
to  the  irregular  outline  of  the  shore,  eddies  are  formed  which  conduce 
to  the  deposit  of  silt,  &c.,  rendering  much  dredging  necessfiry  at  great 
expense.  The  straightening  of  the  shore  line  will  in  a  measure  obviate 
this  trouble  and  considerably  reduce  the  cost  of  dredging.  Owing  to 
the  inaccessibility  of  the  coal  wharf,  from  the  shoaling  of  the  water, 
coal  has  to  be  landed  at  a  distance  of  some  twelve  hundred  or  more  feet 
and  (parted  to  the  coal  house  ;  a  work  of  labor,  time,  and  expense. 

The  completion  of  this  quay  wall,  with  suitable  dredging,  will  give 
access  to  tlie  yard  at  many  points  now  inaccessible. 

For  the  purpose  above  alluded  to,  estimates  are  presented  of  $80,000 
for  quay  wall  and  ferry  sbp,  and  $30,000  to  replace  the  old  landing- 
wharf. 

An  estimate  is  also  presented  of  $40,000  for  roads,  walks,  gutters, 
and  drains.  Owing  to  the  nature  of  the  soil,  the  roads  in  the  rainy 
season  are  almost  impassable,  increasing  very  materially  the  cost  of 
teaming.  It  is  absolutely  of  great  importance  that  the  roads  over 
which  there  is  the  most  traffic  should  be  placed  in  a  permanently  good 
condition. 

The  present  sewerage  is  very  defective  and  should  be  permanently 
imi)roved. 

KEY  WEST  NAVAL  STATION. 

There  are  at  this  station  quite  a.  number  of  buildings  which  require 
much  care  and  attention,  outdoor  structures  of  all  kinds  deteriorating 
very  rapidly  in  that  climate.  This  property  is  now  in  moderately  good 
con«iition,  and,  without  specifying  the  exact  amount,  such  sums  will  be 
a])plied  to  it  in  the  coming  fiscal  year  as  may  be  found  necessary. 

If  this  station  is  to  be  retained,  it  is  important  that  it  should  at  all 
times  be  kept  in  working  condition  and  free  from  danger  of  damage 
from  the  elements.  From  lack  of  ])roper  protection,  its  shore  line  is 
constantly  changing,  from  tlie  action  of  the  waves.  The  bulkhead  or 
quay  wall  along  a  portion  of  its  sea  front  has  in  a  great  measure  been 
destroyed  by  the  united  actioii  of  the  waves  and  sea  worm,  so  that  it  is 
jiow  practically  worthless.  It  is  proposed  to  protect  this  front  by  con- 
structing a  permanent  sea  wall  of  concrete  and  coral,  in  a  straight  line, 
which,  when  tilled  in,  will  add  several  thousand  square  feet  to  the  sea 
front  of  the  station.  I  deem  this  work  very  necessary  and  ask  an  ap- 
propriation of  $4,000  to  carry  it  on. 

Two  years  ago  an  apjuopriation  of  $30,000  was  made  for  a  pier  wharf 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       49d 

at  this  station.  With  the  approbation  of  your  predecessor,  a  contract 
was  made  with  Messrs.  A.  P.  Boiler  &  Co.,  of  New  Yark,  to  furnish 
material  and  certain  labor  for  the  removal  of  the  old  and  the  erection 
of  the  new  Avharf,  on  plant?  prepared  by  the  Bureau.  The  material  has 
been  furnished  and  is  on  the  ground,  and  work  was  commenced  in  July 
last,  but  in  consequence  of  alleged  inefiiciency  and  insufficiency  of  the 
working  ])lant  provided  by  tlie  contractor,  work  was  suspended  on  the 
8th  of  July  last,  and  the  uncompleted  work  declined.  The  terms  of 
settlement  are  now  in  dispute  between  the  Bureau  an<l  contractor. 
The  Bareau  proposes  to  go  on  and  complete  this  work  with  its  own 
I'acilities. 

NAVAL   ASYLUM. 

There  were  on  the  rolls  of  this  institution  on  July  1,  1S82,  the  names 
of  liM  beneficiaries,  an  increase  of  C  over  the  preceding  year,  and  the 
building  is  uncomfortably  full.  Twenty  years'  service  in  the  Navy  or 
Marine  Corps  is  required  to  entitle  to  admission,  though  exceptions 
have  been  njade  by  order  of  the  honorable  Secretary,  from  time  to  time, 
iji  favor  of  applicants  of  shorter  terms  of  service.  Ai)plications  of  this 
character  are  constantly  being  made,  and  the  department,  finds  itself 
obliged  to  decline  many  of  tbcm,  in  order  to  reserve  room  for  those  who 
are  fully  entitled  to  the  benefits  of  the  institution. 

The  question  of  increased  accommodation  deserves  careful  considera- 
tion, and  it  is  respectfully  recommended  that  an  addition  benuule  in  the 
rear  of  the  main  building,  for  kitchen,  laundry,  and  servants'  quarters, 
fitting  up  bath-room  for  use  of  beneficiaries,  removing  laundry  boilers 
and  tubs  to  new  building,  and  new  range  for  kitchen  in  new  building; 
and  for  these  purposes  an  estimate  of  $20,000  is  made.  An  estimate  of 
$4,000  is  also  presented  for  relaying  the  water  pipes  in  the  grounds. 
The  sui)ply  of  water  is  inadequate,  and  during  the  summer  nionths  it 
frequently  fails  to  run  on  the  ground  door.  This  is  in  great  ])art  due  to 
the  bad  condition  of  the  pipes,  which  are  much  choked  with  rust,  earthy 
deposit,  and  vegetable  growth.  The  estimate  presented  is  from  the 
city  water  department,  and  is  therefore  presumed  to  be  as  reasonable 
as  can  be  exjjected. 

I  again  respectfully  suggest  the  propriety  of  a  removal  of  the  institu- 
tion to  some  more  favorable  site,  where  the  old  men,  who  have  spent 
the  best  years  of  their  lives  on  salt  Avater,  may  see  sometbing  to  remind 
them  of  their  ])ast  lives  and  its  varied  aiid  exciting  experiences.  The 
faith  of  the  goAf'rument  is  pledged  to  make  suitabl(>  [trovision  for  the 
care  and  comfort  of  these  old  men,  and  it  cannot  do  too  mucli  for  them. 

REPAIRS  AND  PRESERVATION. 

The  great  number  of  buildings,  dry-docks,  wharves,  roads,  walls, 
fences,  &c.,  at  the  various  yards  require  a  large  animal  out  lay  to  jtreservo 
them  from  deterioration  and  decay,  and  the  amount  asked  for  under  (his 
head  is  much  needed,  and  the  Bureau  earnestly  urges  theapproi>riation 
of  the  amount  of  the  estimates,  viz,  $402,000. 

GENERAL  MAINTENANCE. 

Under  this  head  comes  the  most  pressing  and  necessary  ex])enses  of 
a  navy-yard.  They  embrace  the  care  of  tlie  yard  and  all  buildings, 
watch  force,  tire  department;  purchase  and  nuiinteuiince  of  horses, 
oxen,  &c.,  teamsters  carts,  and  vehicles  of  all  kinds,  water  rent,  gas, 


496  PAPERS  .  ACCOMPANYING   THE 

&e.,  witliout  whicli  none  of  the  other  (lfi»artments  can  carry  on  their 
operations.    The  nuiii  asked  for,  vi/,  $  tOO.OOO,  is  absolutely  necessary. 

CONTINGENT. 

The  sum  require*.!  under  this  head,  viz,  $30,000,  is  to  meet  nutbreseeu 
emergencies  that  may  arise,  calling  for  immediate  outlay  that  has  not 
been  estimated  ibr.     it  is  a  small  but  most  necessary  reserve. 

GENERAL  REMARKS. 

If  the  United  States  assumes  to  be  a  naval  power  at  all,  it  should  not 
be  content  with  occupying  a  subordinate  position,  as,  adjuncts  to  a 
navy -yard,  where  ships  may  be  constiucted,  repaired,  and  equipped,  are 
as  necessary  as  ships.  To  this  end  the  machinery,  appliances,  and  fa- 
cilities should  be  the  best  that  can  be  procured.  In  this  respect  the 
navy-yards  are  far  behind  many  of  the  private  establishments  of  the 
country.  This  should  not  be  the  Ccise;  where  time  is  money,  every 
means  should  be  adopted  in  the  direction  of  expediting  work.  In 
many  of  our  yards  the  distances  are  great,  means  and  conveniences  of 
transportation  few  and  slow,  and  much  time  is  lost  in  passing  work 
from  one  shop  to  another. 

If  it  is  expected  that  our  yards  are  to  do  work  eflSciently,  and  as  well 
as  other  manufacturing  establishments,  thej^  must  be  supi>lied  with  the 
same  time  and  labor-saving  conveniences,  and  not  handicapped  with 
serious  expenses  which  are  at  present  unavoidable,  and  which  no  pri- 
vate establishment  could  or  would  tolerate.  As  well  might  we  expect 
a  cabinet-maker  to  do  his  work  with  ordinary  carpenter's  tools. 

Accompanjing  this  report  is  an  abstract  of  offers  for  supplies  received 
for  furniehing  articles  coming  under  the  cognizance  of  the  Bureau  of 
Yards  »ud  Docks,  made  in  conformity  to  the  act  of  Congress,  approved 
March  3,  1843. 

The  following  estimates  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1884,  ai'e 
respectfully  submitted: 

For  support  of  Bureau  of  Yards  and  Docks §13,360  00 

(jreneral  maintenance  of  yards  and  stations  and  contingent 520, 000  00 

Sup|K)rt  of  Naval  Asylum 92,  IPl  00 

Repairs  and  preservation 462,000  00 

Improvement  at  navy-yards 3,100,444  00 

Civil  ostabliahment 43,018  25 

Total  evstimate  of  yards  and  docks ,- 4,231,013  25 

Very  respectfully,  vour  obedient  servant, 

,      "  ED.  T.  NICHOLS,   ' 

Chief  of  Bureau, 

Hon.  W.  E.  Chandler, 

Secretary  of  the  I^avy. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       497 


llEPORT  OF  THE  CHIEF  OF  THE  BUREAU  OF  EQUIPME^'T 
AND  EEORUITING. 

Washingtox,  October  28,  1882. 

Sir  :  I  have  tlie  honor  to  submit  herewith  the  nnuual  report  of  the 
opei'ations  of  this  Biireiui  duriiifj  tlie  past  fiscal  year,  together  with  ae- 
companying  detailed  e6tiiiiat<:;s  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  ISSl. 

During  the  i)ast  year  ()9  vessels  have  been  wholly  or  partially  equipped 
under  this  Bureau,  at  an  expenditure  for  labor  of  872,480.20  and  for  ma- 
terial of  $511,516.00,  making  a  total  of  6583,090.92. 

For  the  present  fiscal  year.  Congress  ai)propriated  under  "equii)ment 
of  vessels"  only  .$750,000,  notwithstanding  the  Bureau's  estimate  was 
for  $896,000,  wliich  was  based  upon  the  increased  wants  of  the  service 
at  that  time.  Since  the  1st  of  July  last  a  number  of  vessels  have 
been  put  in  commission  in  addition,  and  it  is  believed  that  the  iucreased 
amount  asked  under  said  api)ropriation  for  the  ensuing  fiscal  year  is 
absolutely  necessary  for  the  maintenance  of  the  number  of  vessels  in 
commission,  and  for  the  constant  repairs  in  the  workshops  under  this 
Bureau  in  the  several  navy-yards. 

COAi. 

There  have  been  purchased  at  home  and  abroad  44,811:  tons  of  coal, 
costing,  including  freight,  $.378,006.28. 

During  the  past  year  Commander  J.  H.  Sands,  commanding  the  U.  S. 
S.  Iroquois,  has  made  a  reconnaissance  of  Magdalena  Bay,  Lower  Cali- 
fornia (referred  to  in  my  last  annual  report),  with  a  view  of  establishing 
a  coal  depot  there.  His  report,  setting  forth  the  many  advantages  the 
place  oilers  for  a  coaling  station,  fully  corroborates  my  views  in  the 
premises,  based  upon  past  experience. 

I  have  again  submitted  an  estimate  for  $80,000  for  the  building  of 
eight  iron  coal  barges  of  about  250  tons  capacity'  each,  with  steam  hoist- 
ing apparatus.  The  necessity  for  these  coal  barges  is  fully  set  forth  in 
my  last  annual  report.  1  have  nothing  to  add,  but  that  this  necessity 
has  become  more  ai)parent,  by  the  great  ditllculty  lately  experienced  in 
coaling  a  number  of  vessels  of  the  North  Atlantic  squadron,  assemblcii 
at  one  time  at  Xew  York  and  Hampton  Itoads,  entailing  upon  this 
Bureau  a  large  expense  for  want  of  i)roper  transportation  for  coaling 
them.  I  therefore  res])ectfully  and  earnestly  invito  your  attention  to 
this,  in  njy  opinion,  so  ianportant  a  matter  to  the  interest  of  the  service. 

KOPEWALK. 

The  following  cordage  have  been  manufactured  : 

Cost. 

24r>,01t7  Tioiimls  of  Man ila  rope §49,  Oil*  40 

405,ua4  poutidB  of  lifiup  rojio tf8,  W:?  .'i'J 

1,»66  jiouiKirt  of  iiidi!  ropo, l,f«>(i  0() 

There  have  been  i)urchase<l  108,210  ])ounds  Manila  hemp,  costing 
$20,256.93,  and  115,126  [louuds  llussia  liemit,  eo.sling  $0,737.07. 

ROLLIXG    l\riLL. 

Upwards  of  000,000  ]iound8  of  superior  bar  and  plate  iron  have  been 
manufactured  for  caliles,  ^v.  Two  of  Tallon's  <'iiilled  rolls  have  been 
purchased,  and  have  given  entire  saiistaetion.  ^]xp(M•im('nt^  are  con- 
stantly being  made  with  llu'  niuterial  (»n  li;iiid  with  a  view  of  obtaining 
the  best  grade  of  iron. 
32  Ab 


498  PAPERS  ACCOMPANYING  THE 

FORGE  AND   ANCHOR  SHOP. 

Tilis  shop  has  boon  engaged  (luring  a  portion  of  the  year  in  the  mak- 
ing of  iron  and  steel  forgings,  principally  for  the  Bureau  of  Ordnance, 
and  in  the  manufacture  of  anchors,  &(i. 

SMITH  AND  CHAIN  SHOP. 

This  shop  continues  to  make  all  chain  cables,  &c.,  and  testing  them. 
Here  are  all  the  appliances  for  testing  iron,  and  daring  the  year  now 
tools  have  been  introduced  to  advantage;  among  them  is  a  clamp  or 
pair  of  clami)S,  holding  the  samples  to  be  pulled.  These  clanijis  are 
made  in  wedge  shapes,  fitted  to  a  block;  they  have  three  holes  bored 
in  them,  two  outside  for  testing  links  after  being  bent,  and  for  holding 
the  end  links  of  samples  to  be  tested,  thus  making  one  set  of  end  links 
break  an  indefinite  number  of  samples;  the  other  hole  is  in  the  center 
and  is  for  testing  bar  samples.  It  has  been  the  custom  in  the  past  to 
heat  and  head  the  sami)les  before  testing  ;  this  is  now  dispensed  with; 
the  sample  is  taken  just  as  it  comes  irom  the  mill,  placed  on  the  dies 
and  broken  (thus  giving  the  actual  strength  of  the  iron). 

This  appliance  has  greatly  reduced  the  cost  of  testing.  There  has 
also  been  on  trial  during  the  year  a  machine  designed  by  Commander 
E.  D.  Evans  and  Mr.  Green,  foreman  of  the  chain  shop,  for  cutting  and 
bending  chain  links,  either  hot  or  cold.  This  device  is  attached  to  a 
steam  hammer ;  on  the  lower  die  or  anvil  block  there  are  two  standards 
securelj'^  fastened ;  on  the  npper  die  is  attached  the  former  and  knife. 
This  machine  will  do,  in  a  given  time,  about  eight  times  as  much  work 
as  by  the  old  method  of  bending  links. 

GALLEY  SHOP. 

This  shop  continues  the  building  and  repairing  of  galleys,  &c.  Dur- 
ing the  year  a  new  style  of  range,  patented  by  Mr.  Young,  foreman  of 
said  shop,  has  been  built  and  put  up  for  the  piu'pose  of  testing  its  merits 
in  actual  service.    It  has  thus  far  given  the  most  satisfactory  results. 

RECRUITING. 

There  were  8,018  men  and  boys  in  the  service  on  June  30,  1882,  of 
which  050  were  boys  to  serve  iintil  reaching  21  years  of  age.  The  en- 
listments during  the  past  year  were  5,620,  of  which  number  478  were 
boys. 

I  would  again  recommend  that  Congress  make  some  specia.1  legisla- 
tion for  the  men  employed  on  vessels  of  the  Coast  Survey,  the  Fish 
Commission,  and  the  practice  vessels  of  the  Naval  Academy,  as  the 
number  required  for  them  very  materially  crii">]>les  the  effective  force  of 
the  Xavy. 

Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

EARL  EMGLISH, 

Chief  of  Bureau. 
Hon.  WILLIA3I  E.  Chandler,  Secretary  of  the  2^avy. 


EEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       499 


KEPOET  OF  THE  CHIEF  OF  THE  BXJEEAU  OF  NAYIGATI0:N". 

Bureau  of  Iv^avigation,  Navy  Department, 

Washingtotiy  November  lo,  1S83. 

Sir  :  I  have  the  houor  to  submit  the  following  report  of  the  Bureau 
of  Navigation  for  the  past  year,  together  with  the  estimates  for  its  sup- 
port, and  for  the  expenditures  that  will  probably  be  required  in  that 
division  of  the  naval  service  committed  to  its  immediate  charge  for  the 
fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  ISSi. 

Incfuded  in  this  report,  and  transmitted  herewith,  are  the  reports  and 
estimates  of  the  several  offices  under  its  cognizance,  and  an  abstract  of 
ofiers  for  supplies  received. 

NAVIGATION. 

The  American  Practical  Navigator,  the  revision  of  which  was  com 
menced  in  November,  187S,  has  been  satisfactorily  completed,  and  is 
ready  for  issue.  A  new  edition  of  the  Useful  Tables  has  also  been  pre- 
pared, and  is  now  in  the  hands  of  the  printer. 

Compasses. — To  keep  the  large  number  of  compasses  in  serviceable 
condition  freqnent  repairs  are  necessary.  In  the  absence  of  suitable 
facilities  for  making  the  required  tests  of  the  instruments  at  the  Naval 
Observatory,  they  are  tested  at  the  observatory  connected  with  the 
establishment  of  the  manufacturer  at  Brookline,  Mass.,  which  involves 
the  expense  and  inconvenience  of  sending  the  Superintendent  of  Com- 
passes to  that  ])lace  whenever  compasses  are  repaireil  or  purchased. 

At  i)resent  it  is  only  ]>racticable  for  this  oflicer  to  examine  the  com- 
passes for  sensibility,  directive  force,  and  centering;  but,  to  insure  re- 
liable compasses,  the  pivot,  and  the  jewel  of  the  cap  should  be  exam- 
ined to  detect  roughness,  tlaws,  or  cracks;  the  liquid  should  bo  tested 
to  insure  the  i)roper  amount  of  alcohol;  the  float  should  be  subjected 
to  heat;  and  exi)eriments  should  be  made  upon  the  sixty  or  more  needles 
which  cojnpose  the  two  bundles  for  each  compass-card. 

Every  compass  should  be  examined  before  being  issued  to  a  ship  going 
into  commission,  and  again  ui)on  the  return  of  a  ship  from  a  cruise,  in 
order  to  determine  the  effect  produced  upon  it  by  change  of  locality. 

The  compasses  of  iron  and  steel  ships  lose  their  directive  force  iu  a 
comparatively  short  time,  and  the  errors,  due  to  the  effect  of  the  mate- 
rial of  construction,  constantly  vary.  There  is  now  no  means  of  in- 
quiring into  the  causes  of  errors  in  compasses,  with  a  view  to])roviding 
a  remedy  therefor,  and  to  insure  reliable  instruments  being  supplied  to 
our  vessels. 

During  the  ]»ast  year  I  have  caused  the  inquiry  into  the  subject  of 
the  magnetism  of  ships  to  be  continued.  The  magnetic  history  of  every 
vessel  hereafter  built  for  the  Navy  is  to  be  carefully  recorded  from  a 
series  of  observations  which  will  begin  with  her  construction. 

In  order  to  aid  the  scientific  study  which  is  now  made  of  the  construc- 
tion of  the  marine  compass,  the  necessary  tests  an<l  compensation,  its 
errors  an<l  surroundings  on  shipboard,  and  the  etfect  of  geograjihical 
change,  there  is  need  of  a  suitable  building  in  a  location  free  from  mag- 
netic masses,  and  away  from  causes  which  ])roduce  vibration ;  and  I  have 
therefore  submitted  an  estimate  for  erecting  sucli  a  building. 

Determination  of  longitudes. — The  (Expedition  under  Lieut.  Commander 
F.  M.  Green,  for  the  telegraphic  determination  of  longitudes  in  the 
China  and  Japan  Seas,  referred  to  in  my  last  report,  has  returned  to 
the  United  States^  having  completed  the  necessary  observatious,  and 


500  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 

the  officers  who  composed  the  expedition  are  now  engaged  in  the  com- 
putation of  their  work. 

During  tlie  year  1S81  and  the  first  part  of  1882,  eleven  stations  were 
occupied,  extending  from  Vladivostok  in  Siberia,  to  Madras  in  British 
India,  and  exact  latitude  and  longitude  determinations  were  made  of 
Yokohama,  Nagasaki,  Shanghai,  Amoy,  IIong-Kong,  Manila,  Saigon, 
Singapore,  and  Batavia. 

The  results  of  this  important  work  will  be  published  early  in  the 
coming  year,  and  will  afford  the  means  of  correcting  and  confirming 
the  positions  of  about  3,000  points  in  Eastern  waters. 

In  the  further  prosecution  of  this  important  work  it  is  proposed  to 
carry  a  chain  of  longitudes  from  Galveston,  Tex.,  over  the  newly  com- 
pleted lines  of  the  Central  and  South  American  Telegraph  Com])any,  to 
Vera  Cruz;  thence  to  Coatzacoalcos  and  across  the  Isthmus  of  Tehuan- 
tepec  to  Salinas  Cruz;  thence  south  to  Panama,  Payta,  Cullao,  and  Val- 
paraiso, thus  confirming  and  correcting  all  the  chronometric  determina- 
tions i)reviously  made  on  the  west  coast  of  South  America  and  in  the 
eastern  part  of  the  South  Pacific  Ocean. 

This  will  fully  complete  the  measurement  of  differences  of  longitude 
over  existing  ocean  cable  lines,  and  with  a  short  measurement  across 
the  Andes,  from  Santiago  to  Cordova,  will  com])lete  the  enormous  poly- 
gon whose  sides  are  Washington-Greenwich,  Greenwich-Lisbon,  Lis- 
bon-Madeira, Madeira-Porto  Grande,  Porto  Grande-Pernambuco,  Per- 
nambuco-Bahia,  Bahia-Rio  de  Janeiro,  Rio  de  Janeiro-Buenos  Ayres, 
Buenos  Ayres-Cordova,  Cordova-Santiago,  Santiago-Valparaiso,  Val- 
paraiso-Callao,  Callao-Payta,  Payta-Panama,  Panama-Salinas  Cruz, 
Salinas  Cruz-Coatzacoalcos,  Coatzacoalcos- Vera  Cruz,  Vera  Cruz-Gal- 
A'estou,  Galveston-Washington. 

The  work  on  the  coasts  of  Central  and  South  America  can  be  accom- 
plished in  two  seasons,  taking  the  spring  months  for  Central  America, 
and  the  following  winter  for  work  south  of  Panama. 

The  Department  Library  is  at  present  totally  inadequate  to  the  needs 
of  the  various  offices  in  the  department.  It  consists  of  about  7,000  vol- 
umes of  little  value,  in  large  part  the  relics  of  old  ships'  libraries  which 
have  been  turned  in  as  no  longer  suitable  for  distribution.  The  want 
of  an  adequate  library  of  modern  books  of  reference  is  a  serious  ob- 
stacle in  carrying  on  the  work  of  the  deparment,  and  there  is  urgent  need 
of  an  appropriation  to  supply  the  deficiency. 

I  would  further  recommend  that  the  restrictions  now  imposed  upon 
the  binding  of  books  for  the  library  of  the  Department  be  removed,  and 
that  the  library  be  placed,  in  this  resi)ect,  npon  the  same  footing  as  the 
library  of  the  Department  of  State,  for  which  ])rovision  Avas  made  in 
the  act  ai)proved  February  26, 1879,  (Forty-fifth  Congress,  third  session, 
chapter  106). 

An  Office  of  Intelligence,  now  generally  recognized  as  necessary  to  the 
effectiveness  of  an  Army  or  Navy,  and  established  by  a  general  order, 
has  been  organized  for  the  purpose  of  systematizing  the  collection  and 
classification  of  information  for  the  use  of  the  Department,  in  relation 
to  the  strength  and  resources  of  foreign  navies. 

Navigation  supplies. — The  revised  allowance  list  of  stores  supplied  to 
naval  vessels,  under  cognizance  of  this  Bureau,  has  been  printed  and 
issued. 

By  direction  of  the  Bureau,  the  speed  indicator  invented  by  Ensign 
W.  J.  Hogg,  TJ.  S.  N.,  was  tried  on  board  the  U.  S.  ship  Jamestown, 
during  her  passage  from  San  Francisco  to  Newport,  with  most  satisfac- 


KEPOET  OF  THE  SEOKETARY  OF  THE  NJL\  Y.       501 

toiy  results^  aud  its  adoption  in  the  Navy,  lias  been  recommended  by  a 
Ijoard  of  officers. 

A  number  of  new  books  have  been  added  to  the  libraries  of  ships, 
and  journals  and  papers  upon  professional  subjects  are  now  furnished 
them  in  such  quantities  as  the  limited  api)ropriation  admits. 

Preliminary  steps  have  been  taken  to  tit  a  naval  vessel  with  the  in- 
candescent system  of  electric  bjihring,  during  the  present  fiscal  year. 

Regulations  for  'prcveniin  [I  eolUaiomi  at  sea. — I  beg  leave  to  renew  the 
suggestion  made  in  my  former  report,  that  Congress  be  requested  to 
remedy  the  evil  now  existing  by  reason  of  the  difierence  between  the 
laws  of  the  United  States  in  reference  to  preventing  collisions  at  sea, 
and  the  Revised  International  Kegulatious,  which  have  been  adopted  by 
all  other  maritime  nations. 

Serious  losses,  both  of  life  aud  projierty,  may  and  probabl^^  will  occur, 
unless  measures  are  speedily  taken  to  obviate  the  confusion  which  now 
exists,  owing  to  conflicting  regulations. 

In  connection  with  this  object,  I  desire  to  invite  your  attention  to  the 
importance  of  a  modificiition  (for  the  inland  waters  of  the  United  States) 
of  lUiles  17  and  20,  for  preventing  collisions  on  water,  chapter  5,  page 
818,  Ke\ised  Statutes  of  the  United  States,  second  edition,  1878. 

Rule  20  requires  steam  vessels  under  all  circumstances  to  keep  out  of 
the  way  of  vessels  propelled  by  sails;  and  is  so  interpreted  by  the 
courts. 

In  practice,  this  rule  gives  a  sailing  vessel  of  the  smallest  size,  draw- 
ing but  little  water,  the  right  to  hold  her  course  in  the  narrow  channel 
of  a  bay  or  river,  which  has  been  deepened  at  great  expense  by  the 
general  government  in  order  to  facilitate  commerce  in  heavy  ships; 
and  requires  a  steamer  of  the  largest  size  and  heaviest  draught  of  water 
to  keep  out  of  the  way.  In  other  words,  although  the  bay  or  river  may 
be  miles  wide,  and  navigable  in  all  parts  for  the  small  vessel,  aud  with  a 
channel  of  but  100  yards  iu  width  capable  of  floating  the  steamer,  the 
latter  is  required  by  law  to  avoid  the  former.  This  is  often  impractica- 
ble, and  the  observance  of  the  rule  may  frequently  result  iu  the  ground- 
ing and  perhaps  destruction  of  the  steamer,  with  a  loss  of  many  thou- 
sands of  dollars  to  the  owners  or  underwriters. 

Rule  17  is  of  the  same  character,  and  requires  sailing  vessels  which 
have  the  wind  free  to  keep  out  of  the  way  of  vessels  sailing  close 
hauled ;  or  compels  large  ships  of  deep  draught,  restricted  by  their 
draught  to  a  narrow  channel,  to  avoid,  when  the  wind  is  free,  small  ves- 
sels bound  in  an  opposite  direction,  even  though  the  latter  may  have 
miles  of  space  in  whicli  to  maneuver. 

While  the  wisdom  of  requiring  vessels  under  steam  to  avoid  sailing 
vessels  on  the  high  seas  cannot  be  denied,  I  respectfully  suggest  such 
modifications  of  Rules  17  and  20  as  will  insure  to  the  deep-draught  ships 
the  right  of  way  in  narrow  deep  channels,  either  natural  or  artificial,  in 
localities  where  light-draught  vessels  will  not  be  liable  to  injury  by 
using  tlie  shoaler  water. 

SIGNAI.  OFFICE. 

Extended  trials  have  demonstrated  the  sui)eriority  of  the  system  of 
night  signals  invented  by  Lieut.'E.  W.  A'ery,  U.  S.  X.,  it  has  been 
adopted  for  use,  and  Coston  lights  are  no  longer  supjilied  to  ships. 

The  system  of  taking  simultaneous  meteorological  observations  on 
board  of  all  naval  vessels  has  been  continued  during  the  past  year. 


502  PArERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 

HYDROGllAPHY.   * 

A  complete  survey  Jias  been  made  oi"  the  Bay  of  ►Snmana,  Santo  Do- 
mingo, by  Commander  Bridj^man  and  the  ofjicers  <»r  the  U.  S.  S.  Des- 
I)atch,  and  the  survey  of  the  Ave.st  coast  of  Mexico,  by  Commuiider 
Philip  and  the  oflicers  of  the  U.  S.  S.  Kauger,  has  been  contiune<l  and 
is  nearly  completed. 

A  running  survey  of  Wrangel  Island  was  made  by  Lieutenant  Berry 
and  the  oflicers  of  the  U.  S.  S.  Kogers. 

Important  information  in  regard  to  the  coasts  and  waters  of  Iceland 
was  obtained  by  Commander  Wadleigh  in  the  U.  S.  S.  Alliance,  while 
cniising  in  search  of  tidings  of  the  U.  ri.  S.  Jeannette. 

The  grou])  of  islands  discovered  by  Lieutenant-Commander  DeLong, 
in  the  Jeannette,  has  been  entered  u])on  the  charts  of  the  Hydrographic 
Office  as  De  Long  Islands,  in  memory  of  tliat  gallant  officer. 

New  charts  have  been  issued  and  others  are  in  process  of  preparation 
by  engraving,  photolithography,  and  heliography. 

Pilot  charts  for  the  different  oceans  are  being  published  as  rapidly  as 
the  appropriations  will  allow.  One  for  the  jSTorth  I'acitic  was  completed 
three  years  ago.  Since  that  time  the  arrangement  of  the  chart  has 
b'eeu  improved,  and  in  future,  the  charts  will  be  prepared  on  the  graphic 
I)lan. 

Charts  of  the  North  and  South  Atlantic  Oceans  are  now  in  course 
of  preparation  and  will  shortly  be  ready  for  publication.  The  data  are 
computed  for  each  square  of  five  degrees  and  for  each  month  of  the  year, 
and  the  charts  will  give  the  prevailing  conditions  for  each  square,  as  to 
rain  and  fog,  the  direction  and  force  of  the  wind,  the  range  of  barome- 
ter, and  the  mean  temperatures  of  the  air  and  water. 

Additional  sailing  directions,  notices  to  mariners,  and  corrected  light 
and  buoy  lists  have  been  })ublished. 

I  have  the  honor  to  call  your  attention  to  the  detailed  report  of  the 
Hydrographer,  and  to  state  that  it  is  most  desirable  that  the  appropri- 
ation asked  for  may  be  granted,  in  order  tliat  infornnitiou  which  the 
Hydrographic  Office  now  possesses  may  be  published  for  the  use  of  the 
Navy  and  Merchant  Marine. 

NAVAL  OBSERVATORY. 

The  report  of  the  Superintendent  of  the  Naval  Observatory,  hereto 
appended,  gives  the  observations  made  during  the  ]»ast  year  of  planets, 
satellites,  stars,  and  comets,  specifying  the  work  performed  with  the 
several  instruments.  It  treats  of  the  work  done  in  the  meteorological 
and  chronometer  departments;  of  the  daily  transmission  of  time  sig- 
nals, and  of  the  publications  and  computations  made. 

A  system  of  testing  and  regulating  navigation  and  meteorological  in- 
struments used  in  the  Navy  has  been  established  at  the  Observatory. 

The  present  Observatory  buildings  are  in  very  defective  condition, 
and  although  onlj^  the  most  necessary  repairs  are  made,  a  considerable 
portion  of  the  annual  appropriation  is  now  expended  in  keeping  them 
in  a  working  condition,  and  in  protecting  the  valuable  instruments 
against  injury.  * 

Theunsiiitableness  of  the  present  location  of  the  Observatory,  (so  often 
mentioned  in  previous  annual  and 'special  reports),  by  reason  of  fogs 
and  vapors  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  Potonnic  Kiver,  has  again 
T)een  demonstrated  by  the  difficulty  attending  observations  during  the 
l)ast  year. 

Transit  of  Yenns. — The  preparations  for  observing  the  coming  transit 


REPORT  OP  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       503 

of  Venus  have  occupied  the  attention  of  the  Transit  of  Venus  Commis- 
sion, of  wLiicli  the  Superintendent  of  tlie  Naval  Observatory  i.s  the 
cli  airman. 

Tbe  method  selected  for  tlie  observation  will  be  similar  to  that  used 
in  1614,  viz,  by  photojirapliy.  A  party  will  (MK.'upy  each  of  the  follow- 
ill^:  stations :  CapeofCiood  Hope;  Santa  (Jruz,  i*atagonia;  Santia^'^o  de 
Chile;  New  Zealand;  San  Antonio, Tex.;  Cedar  Keys,  Fla. ;  I'ortSelden, 
N.  Mcx.;  and  Washington,  D.  C. 

NAUTICAL  ALMANAC   OFFICE. 

The  Nautical  Almanac  and  lar^e  Ephemerisforthe  yearlSS5  have  heen 
issn«'d.  A  supplement  to  the  vohuues  ISSl-'Si,  intended  lor  the  use  of 
fieidobscrversenf;agedinthepublicsurvcys,hasbeenj)rei)ared,  compris- 
ing the  e])hemeridesof  the  apparent  rij^^ht  ascensions  of  one  hundred  and 
seveuty-tjve  stars,  in  addition  to  those  already  given  in  the  regular  list 
of  the  Ephemeris,  and  is  now  in  press.  A  portion  of  the  Almanac 
and  Ephemeris  for  18SG  is  in  type;  the  computations  for  1887  are  in 
progress,  and  those  for  1888  have  been  begun.  The  increased  force  at 
the  disposal  ol"  the  Superintendent  has  enabled  him  to  hasten  the  work 
of  investigating  the  planetary  motions  obtained  from  the  most  modern 
data. 

Experiments  for  determining  the  velocity  of  light  have  been  contin- 
ued, and  they  are  now  regarded  as  completed. 

I  have  the  honor  to  call  your  attention  to  the  fact  that  there  appear 
to  be  indications  of  a  growing  tendency  on  the  part  of  another  branch 
of  the  executive  to  encroach  upon  work  which  has  fallen  for  many  years 
within  the  legitimate  province  of  oflices  under  the  suijervision  of  this 
Bureau. 

The  local  time  has  been  signaled  from  the  Naval  Observatory  since 
the  year  1845;  and  since  1877  a  time-ball  has  been  dropped  at  New 
York  City,  daily  at  noon,  by  signal  from  the  Observatory. 

A  bill  (H.  li.  5(K)9)  is  now  ])ending  in  Congress,  which  has  in  view  a 
nseful  extension  of  the  system.  The  Signal  Service  of  the  Army,  how- 
ever, appears  to  be  attemi)ting  to  connect  itself  with  the  time  service, 
with  w  hich  its  specific  work  has  no  relation  whatever.  It  has  accord- 
ingly published,  at  the  government  expense,  a  work  on  the  construction 
and  maintenance  of  time-balls,  and  the  Chief  Signal  Ollicer  has  recently 
announced  in  an  official  publication,  entitled  "Memoranda  of  useful  In- 
formation for  Ship-masters,"  that  ''arrangements  are  now  in  progress 
for  the  erection  of  a  second  time-ball  in  New  York  City,  which  will  be 
established  u])on  the  building  of  the  Equitable  Life  Assurance  Com- 
pany of  that  city." 

It  is  not  apparent  whether  the  work  referred  to  is  to  be  carried  on  in 
part  by  the  Signal  Sen'iiie;  but  the  olhcial  announcement  ma<le  and 
published  by  the  Chief  Signal  Ollicer,  coujiled  with  the  fact  that  the 
designated  building  is  a  station  of  the  Signal  Service,  would  seem  to 
wanant  such  an  inference. 

The  late  Sui>erintendent  of  the  Naval  Observatory,  Rear-Admiral 
John  Kodgcrs,  in  n  letter  to  the  Navy  Dei)artment  dated  January  27, 
1882,  gave  the  following  ojiinion : 

"  The  Sijjnal  Bureau  seeks  ajiparently  to  give  tirae-sign.als  to  the  United  States.  This 
is  a  eelf-iinpoaed  task  and  pccuniiiry  burdeii.  Tlie  Signal  Bureau  has  not,  necesHarily, 
astroiiomei's,  nor  telescopes,  nor  tlif  means  of  coTHrollinif  tluckH  Ijy  astronomical  oii- 
8crvatioi;a.  Time-bigual.s  may  bo  iulcmloil  a.s  the  lirst  btep  to  all  these.  They  would 
follow;  aiad  it  \h  better  to  objtxt  now  than  when  the  aijpropriatioua  are  frittered  iu 
useless  exijoudituies  of  similar  work." 


504  I'APERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

The  oi)Ci;irti()ns  of  the  Si;]^ruil  Servico  have  been  liiithcr  extended  bj 
the  or{4iiniz:itioii  of  a  '•  marine  division"  in  the  office  of  tiie  Chief  Signal 
Oflicer,  and  by  the  establishment  of  a  ''marine  agency"  in  the  city  of 
New  York. 

Charts  of  the  North  Atlantic  Ocean  are  issued  containing  informa- 
tion as  to  the  direction  of  cyclones,  the  limits  of  icebergs  <luring  differ- 
ent months  of  the  year,  and  the  direction  of  the  prevailing  winds  in 
the  (liferent  ocean  squares. 

The  latter  work,  begun  by  Lieutenant  Maury  of  the  Navy,  has  been 
continued  and  extended  by  the  Hydrogriiphic  Office  connected  with 
this  Bureau;  and  the  question  arises  whether  it  could  have  been  in- 
tended by  the  legislature  that  apin-opriatious  which,  however  liberal  in 
their  amount  and  vague  in  their  limitations,  were  made  to  carry  on  the 
meteorological  ser\'ice,  should  be  <liverted  from  their  general  object  and 
applied  to  work  which  is  specifically  in  the  charge  of  another  depart- 
ment. 

The  issue  of  maps  or  charts  of  the  ocean  and  the  dissemination  of 
information  for  navigators  has  long  been  one  of  the  duties  of  this 
Bureau,  and  of  the  ofQces  under  its  direction,  and,  while  paying  the 
highest  tribute  to  the  usefulness  of  the  Signal  Service  of  the  Army  in, 
its  proper  sphere,  1  deem  it  my  duty  to  call  attention  to  what  appears 
to  be  an  unwarranted  extension  of  its  oi)erations  in  this  direction. 

In  this  connection,  I  would  refer  to  a  proviso  appended  to  the  ap- 
propriation for  the  work  of  the  Signal  Service,  in  the  act  approved 
August  7,  1882,  known  as  the  sundry  civ-il  appropriation  act,  as  fol- 
lows: 

Provided,  That  the  work  of  no  other  department,  bureau,  or  commission,  authorized 
by  law,  shall  be  done  by  this  bureau:  Pi ovided  further,  That  nothing  herein  con- 
tained shall  restrict  the  performance  of  all  duties  of  the  Signal  Service  Bureau  pre- 
scribed by  existing  law. 


J.  G.  WALKER, 


Eespectfully  submitted. 

J.  G. 

Chief  of  Buremi. 

Secretary  of  the  Navy. 


Hon.  W.  E.  Chandler, 


EEPOPvT   OF   THE    SUPERINTENDENT   OF   THE  NAVAL 
0$SERVATOPtY. 

United  States  Navajl  Observatory, 

Washington,  October  28,  1882. 
Sir:  I  liave  the  honor  to  submit  herewith  a  report  of  the  work  of  the 
Naval  Obserxatory  during  the  past  year. 

1  assumed  the  direction  of  the  Observatory  on  the  1st  of  July  last, 
relieving  Commander  W.  T.  Sam])son,  who  had  been  appointeil  to  act 
temporarily  as  Superintendent  after  the  death  of  Hear- Admiral  John 
Eodgers. 

the  26-INCH  EQUATORIAL. 

This  instrument  has  been  in  charge  of  Prof.  A.  Hall,  with  Prof.  E. 
Frisby  as  assistant.  The  instrument  is  in  goo<l  order  and  has  been 
used  constantly  during  the  past  year  in  observations  of  the  satellites  of 
the  outer  i>lanets,  and  of  double  stars.  A  few  observations  also  have 
been  nuule  tif  comets  wheu  ver^'  faint. 


KEPORT  or  THE  SECKETAEY  OF  THE  NAVY.       505 

In  addition  to  Lis  regular  work  on  the  26-incli  Equatorial  as  aasiat- 
ant  to  Professor  Hall,  Professor  Frisby  has  continued  to  make  observa- 
tions of  comet  h  of  1881.  His  last  obsfi^rvatiou  was  on  January  19  of 
the  pi-esent  year.  This,  it  is  believed,  is  the  latest  observation  of  that 
comet  tliat  has  been  made  anywhere.  The  comet  WelLs  was  also  ob- 
served by  him  on  the  OA-inch  Equatorial  from  March  29  to  July  10. 
Eleven  observations  were  made  and  elements  computed,  which  were 
sent  to  the  Astronomische  Nachrichten.  Three  observations  of  Bar- 
*])ar<rs  comet  were  also  made. 

The  great  comet  of  1882  was  likewise  observed  by  Professor  Frisby, 
uiid  elements  Juid  an  epliemeris  computed,  which  were  published  in 
various  astronomieal  and  scientitic  papers,  and  jn-oved  to  be  very  accu- 
rate. Eight  observations  of  this  comet  have  been  made  by  Professor 
Frisby  to  the  present  date. 

THE   TEANSIT   CIECLE. 

This  instrument,  under  the  direction  of  Prof.  J.  R.  Eastman,  has  been 
employed  on  the  same  kind  of  work  as  last  year,  and  with  the  same 
force  of  observers,  except  that  Assistant  Miles  Rock  was  detailed  on 
September  1  for  work  with  a  Transit  of  Venus  party  in  Chili,  and  Ensign 
S.  J.  Brown  was  assigned  to  duty  on  the  Transit  Circle  in  his  place. 

The  number  of  observations  made  since  October  12,  1S8L,  is  4,800. 
Of  these  observations  9G  were  of  the  sun,  63  of  the  moon,  176  of  major 
planets,  80  of  minor  planets,  and  2  of  comets. 

THE  9A  INCH  EQUATORIAL   AND   CO:VIET  SEEKER. 

These  instruments,  also  under  the  direction  of  Professor  Eastman, 
have  been  used  in  the  observations  of  comets,  occultations,  the  phe- 
nomena of  Jui)iter's  satellites,  and  in  verifying  the  places  of  asteroids 
before  they  can  be  found  with  the  Transit  Circle. 

The  meteorological  department  has  continued  the  same  as  last  year. 

Corrections  to  the  mean  time  and  motor  clocks  for  the  time-service 
have  been  furnished  by  observers  ou  the  Transit  Circle  until  relieved  of 
this  duty  September  6. 

PRIME   VERTICAL. 

This  instrument  is  being  placed  in  adjustment,  and  will  be  employed 
by  Lieuts.  R.  R.  Ingersoll  and  C.  G.  Bowman  in  a  series  of  observations 
to  determine  the  constant  of  aberration. 

NAUTICAL  INSTRUMENTS. 

It  is  proposed  to  employ  the  facilities  of  the  Observatory  to  test  and 
regulate  the  instruments  used  in  the  service  for  the  puri)Ose  of  naviga- 
tion in  the  same  manner  that  chronometers  are  now  tested. 

Masti^r  W.  E.  Sewell  has  been  placed  in  charge  of  this  branch,  and 
is  making  progress  with  the  woik. 

A  considerable  number  of  sextants  have  been  examined  to  determine 
errors  of  eccentricity.  This  examination  has  developed  the  fiict  that 
these  instruments  are  subject  to  many  sources  of  error,  and  that  the 
instruments  of  some  makers  are  much  superior  to  othera.  A  detailed 
repoi't  will  be  made  when  the  work  is  suiliciently  advanced. 

CnRONO:METERS. 

Tliis  de])artment  of  the  Observatory  work  is  in  charge  of  Lieut.  E.  K. 
Moore,  assisted  by  Lieut.  U.  K.  Harris. 

There  are  at  present  in  the  chronometer  room  218  chronometers,  of 
whieli  15  are  ready  for  issue,  1  is  on  trial,  72  require  repair's,  and  will 


506  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 

be  repaired  as  wanted  for  issue,  and  l.'JO  are  coudemned  to  be  used  only 
as  "  liacks." 

Duriuji'  the  past  year  iti  Ijyve  been  received  innu  veKsels  and  other 
sourites  oC  service,  most  of  which  have  V)cen  ])erniit(ed  to  run  down  for 
repuii's,  li;i\inix  run  tlicir  allotted  time  (four  years)  since  bein^  cleaned; 
()<S  have  been  i.ssue<l  to  vessels,  "Transit  of  Yenns  Commission,"  and 
for  other  service;  45  have  been  cleaned  and  repaireil,  an«l  there  are  20 
underjioinj!:  rejtairs  at  T.  8.  &  J.  D.  Negus',  New  York,  and  0  at  William 
Bond  &  tSon's,  Jjoston. 

One  new  chronometer  was  purchased  from  T.  S.  &  J.  D.  Negus,  an 
imi)roved  break-circuit  sidereal,  but  as  it  was  issued  immediately  for 
use  in  the  Transit  of  Yeuus,  it  was  not  given  theusuai  six  months' 
trial. 

The  stan(bird  of  chronometers  issued  for  navigation  purposes  Las 
been  considerably  raise<l,  and  is  susceptible  of  being  further  improved. 
A  better  method  of  testing  chronometers  is  now  under  consideration, 
and  will  soon  be  submitted  to  the  department. 

TRANSMISSION  OF  TIME  SIGNALS. 

This  work  is  in  charge  of  the  officers  having  the  care  of  the  chronom- 
eters. The  time  continues  to  l)e  sent  over  the  wires  of  the  Western 
Union  Telegraph  Company,  as  stated  in  last  report,  and  time-balls  are 
dropped  at  New  York  and  Washington. 

The  ball  at  New  York  is  dropped  from  a  staff  on  the  top  of  the  West- 
ern Union  Telegraph  Company's  building,  at  New  York  noon,  for  the 
meridian  of  the  City  Hall,  which  is  -i^  GO'"  01^0  west  from  Greenwich, 
and  is  dropped  by  direct  connection  with  the  Naval  Observatory.  Tliis 
ball  has  occasionally  failed,  owing  to  interi'nprions  in  the  circuit  be- 
tween the  Observatory  aiul  New  York.  Nx)  failure  has  occurred  in  the 
dropping  of  the  ball  at  the  Observatory,  but  on  one  occasion  the  ball 
was  dropped  three  seconds  too  soon  by  reason  of  laborers  in  the  build- 
ing interfering  with  the  wires. 

Since  last  report  a  time-ball  has  been  constructed  and  connections 
have  been  made  at  the  Washington  navy-yard,  and  a  ball  is  now 
dropped  there  daily,  simultaneously  with  that  at  the  Observatory. 

The  fire-alarm  bells  continue  to  be  struck  daily  at  6  a.  m.,  12  m.,  and 
C  p.  m.,  and  the  horological  establishments  of  Washington  get  their 
daily  comparisons  through  the  tire- alarm  circuit  from  the  Observatory. 

In  September  the  care  of  the  mean-time  standard  clock  and  the 
determination  of  its  errors  were  transferred  to  this  department  of  the 
Observatory. 

The  east  transit  instrument  was  put  in  adjustment  by  Commander 
Sampson,  and  is  now  used  for  observing  time  stars.  The  same  officers 
have  charge  of  and  regulate  the  motor  clock  which  controls  time-pieces 
in  several  departments  of  the  government. 

The  electrical  connections  within  the  building,  M'hich  are  in  the  imme- 
diate charge  of  Mr.  Gardner,  remain  without  change,  except  such  as 
was  required  by  the  use  of  the  transit  instrument  and  the  prime  verti- 
cal, neither  of  which  instruments  had  been  in  use  for  several  years. 

TRANSIT   OF  VENUS. 

Professor  Harkness  has  been  principally  occupied  in  fitting  out  the 
parties  for  observing  the  approaching  Transit  of  Yenus  and  hi  re- 
ducing the  zone  observations  made  in  Chili  during  the  years  1S50,  ISol, 
and  1852,  by  the  astronomical  expedition  to  the  southern  hemisphere, 
under  the  late  Cai>t.  James  M.  Gilliss. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OP  THE  NAVY.       507 

The  reduction  of  these  zones  is  now  so  far  advanced  that  a  card  cata- 
logue of  all  the  stur.s  lia.s  been  formed,  each  star  occupying  a  single 
caid. 

The  total  number  of  stars  is  about  17,000.  They  have  Ijeen  examined 
for  accidental  errors  u\>  to  the  end  of  twenty-one  hours,  but  it  yet 
remains  to  examine  them  lor  systematic  errors. 

Everything  relating  to  the  organization  of  the  Transit  of  Venus  par- 
ties is  confided  by  law  to  the  Transit  of  Venus  Commission  ;  but  as  most 
of  the  executive  work  has  been  done  at  the  Observatory,  it  may  be 
])roi)er  to  refer  to  it  here. 

The  instruments  used  for  the  last  Transit  have  been  examined  and  re- 
paired; all  necessary  changes  have  been  made  in  them,  and  some  new 
instruments  have  been  i)urchased. 

At  a  very  early  stage  of  its  deliberations  the  Commission  decided  to 
rely  maiidy  upon  the  photographic  method  of  (»bserving,  and,  to  ascer- 
tain the  most  suitable  kind  of  emulsion,  an  extensive  series  of  exjjeri- 
inent«  was  made  by  Mr.  Joseph  A.  Rogers,  who  has  also  prepared  all 
the  emulsion  needed  for  the  various  parties. 

Tiie  number  of  i)-irties  organized  is  the  same  as  at  the  last  Transit, 
namely,  eight,  of  which  four  will  remain  in  the  United  States,  and  the 
other  four  have  alrea<ly  departed  for  the  southern  hemisphere. 

The  immes  of  the  persons  composing  the  various  parties,  and  the  sta- 
tions to  which  they  have  been  sent,  are  as  follows: 

FOnKIGX  STATIONS. 

Cape  of  Oood  Rope, 

Prof.  Simon  Xewcomb,  U.  S.  T^.,  chief  astronomer. 

Lieut.  T.  L.  Casey,  U.  S.  A.,  assistant  astronomer. 

Ensign  J.  H.  L.  IJolcombe,  U.  S.  N.,  additional  assistant  astronomer. 

Mr.  Julius  UlUe,  Washington,  D.  C,  photographer. 

Santa  Cruz,  Patagonia. 

Lieut.  Samuel  W.  Very,  U.  S.  N.,  chief  astronomer. 

Mr.  O.  B.  Wl)e«>ler,  Detroit,  Mich.,  assistant  astronomer. 

Mr.  William  Mell,  riiihulelphia,  Pa.,  i)hotographer. 

Mr.  Jrvin  Stanley,  Indianapolis,  ln(l.,  assistant  photographer, 

Santiago  de  Chile. 

Prof.  Lewis  Boss,  Albany,  K.  Y.,  chief  astronomer. 
Mr.  Miles  Ro(!k,  Naval  Observatory,  Washington,  assistant  astrono- 
mer. 

Mr.  Theo.  C.  I\rarceau,  Washington,  D.  C,  photographer. 

Mr.  Chas.  S.  Cudlip,  \\'ashington,  D.  C,  assistant  photographer. 

N^eic  Zealanil. 

Mr.  p]dwin  Smith,  Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey,  chief  astronomer. 
Mr.  Henry  S.  I'litchett,  Saint  Ltmis,  ]Mo.,  assistant  astronomer. 
Mr.  Augustus  Story,  Bostdu,  .Mass.,  i)lu)tograph('r. 
Mr.  Gustav  TheilkiUil,  Washington,  J).  C,  assistant  photogra))her. 

HOME   STATIONS. 

San  Antonio,  Tex. 

Prof.  Asaph  TTall,  TJ.  S.  N.,  chief  astronomer. 

Mr.  K.  S.  Woodward,  Detroit,  I^lich.,  assisiant  astronomer. 

Mr.  D.  K.  Holmes,  Milfonl,  Del.,  ])h()t()grai)her. 

Mr.  George  U.  Uurlbut,  Belvideie,  111.,  assistant  photographer. 


508  PAPEEB    ACCOMPANYING   THE 

Cedar  Keys,  Fla. 

Prof.  J.  E.  Eastman,  U.  !S.  !N..  chief  astroiioiiHT. 
Lieut.  John  A.  Norris,  U.  S.  N.,  assistant  astronomer. 
Mr.  George  J*rince,  photographer  Treasuiy  Department,  photogra- 
pher. 
Mr.  George  F.  Maxwell,  Washington,  I).  C,  assistant  i)hotographer. 

Fort  SeldeUj  N.  Mex. 

Prof.  George  Davidson,  Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey,  chief  astronomer. 
Mr.  J.  S.  Lawson,  Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey,  assistant  astronomer. 
Mr.  J.  F.  Pratt,  Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey,  second  assistant  astrono- 
mer. 
Mr.  D.  C.  Chapman,  Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey,  photograx)her. 
Mr.  T.  S.  Tappau,  Bellaire,  Ohio,  assistant  photographer. 

Washington,  D.  C. 

Prof.  William  Harkness,  U.  S.  N.,  chief  astronomer. 

(The  other  members  of  tlie  party  have  not  yet  been  decided  upon.) 

LIBRARY. 

The  library  contains  about  10,000  volumes,  classified  as  follows :  Works 
on  astronomy,  mathematics,  physics,  meteorology,  geography,  geodesy, 
navigation,  transactions  of  learned  societies,  and  scientific  periodicals. 

One  hundred  and  fifty  have  been  added  by  purchase  since  last  report, 
and  an  equal  number  by  exchange.  Twenty  volumes  have  been  bound, 
and  one  hundred  and  seventy  are  now  at  the  government  bindery. 

The  books,  pamphlets,  &c.  are  catalogued  according  to  the  card  sys- 
tem, and  a  catalogue  list  is  being  prepared  in  conformity  with  the  de- 
partment's instructions. 

The  annual  volume  for  1877  has  been  distributed  to  the  various  scien- 
tific institutions  of  this  and  other  countries.  The  demand  for  these 
publications  is  much  in  excess  of  the  ability  to  supply  them. 

The  volume  for  1878  has  been  received  from  the  bindery  and  will  be 
distributed  at  once. 

BUILDINGS. 

During  the  past  few  months  the  buildings  have  been  put  in  as  thorough 
repair  as  the  money  available  would  permit.  A  large  sum  would  be 
necessary  to  make  all  the  repairs  and  alterations  that  are  required,  but 
in  \iew  of  the  possibility  of  removing  the  Observatory  within  a  few 
years,  it  has  been  considered  best  to  limit  the  outlay  upon  these  build- 
ings to  the  smallest  amount  that  would  properly  ijrotect  the  instruments, 
books,  and  other  public  property. 

Very  respectfully,  voiu'  obedient  servant, 

S.  0.  ROWAN, 
Vice- Ad  m  i  ra  / ,  Suj)  er  i  n  ten  dent. 
Commodore  Jno.  G.  Walkeii, 

Chief  of  Bureau  of  2\\xcifjation,  Washington,  D.  C. 


EEPOET  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  XAYT.       509 


REPORT  OF  THE  HYDEOGEAPHER. 

]S''AVY  DEPART3IENT,  BUREAU  OF   XAVIGATIQN, 

HYDROORAPHir   OFFICE, 

Washington,  October  23,  1S82. 
Sir  :  In  accordance  with  the  order  of  the  Bureau  of  Navigation,  I  have 
the  honor  to  submit  the  following:  report  of  the  operations  of  the  Hy- 
drographic  Oflfico  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  31),  1882: 

WORK  LEFT  UNFIiaSHED  IN  THE  PREVIOUS  FISCAL  YEAR  18S0-'81. 

Oeneral  CJuirt  of  the  South  Pacific  Ocean,  in  8  half  sheets. — The  two  east- 
ern half  sheets  have  been  revised,  the  corrections  engraved,  and  they 
are  now  on  issue.  The  correction  of  the  middle  sheets  has  been  finished 
in  manuscript,  but  is  yet  to  be  engraved.  The  two  western  half  sheets 
require  extensive  corrections  (from  numerous  late  surveys),  which  are 
now  being  made  in  manuscri])t. 

General  Chart  of  the  North  Atlantic  Ocean,  in  4  half  sheets,  is  still  de- 
layed for  the  purpose  of  introducing  late  information,  from  the  new 
surveys  in  the  Spanish  West  India  Possessions,  which  have  not  yet  been 
published. 

General  Chart  of  the  South  Atlantic  Ocean,  in  4  half  sheets. — The  engrav- 
ing has  been  finished,  and  the  charts  are  under  revision  from  the  new 
foreign  surveys  published  since  the  original  manuscripts  were  given  to 
the  engraver. 

Cliartofthe  Mediterranean  Sea,  in  o  sheets. — The  extensive  corrections, 
resulting  from  new  French  and  Italian  surveys  are  now  being  engraved 
as  fast  as  time  can  be  taken  from  the  correction  of  charts  already  on 
issue  and  in  demand. 

Chart  of  the  Xarth  Sea,  in  2  sliects,  discontinued  in  the  previous  fiscal 
year  on  account  of  the  pressure  of  other  work,  has,  for  the  same  reason, 
not  yet  been  taken  in  hand  again. 

Cheirt  of  the  CMnnoLs  between  the  Xorth  Sea  and  the  Baltic  Sea. — ITio 
engraving  has  been  carried  out  as  far  as  it  was  provided  for  by  agree- 
ment ^\itli  the  engraver.  It  will  be  completed  in  the  office  as  early  as 
current  work  will  [tormit. 

CJuirt  of  the  Amazon  River,  in  (i  sheets,  and  Chart  of  the  Madeira  River, 
in  5  sheets,  from  the  survey  of  Commander  (now  Captain)  T.  O.  Self- 
ridge,  U.  S.  X. 

The  engraving  of  these  11  sheets  has  been  finished,  and  the  charts 
are  now  on  issue. 

Chart  No.  87<),  West  const  of  Mexico,  from  Chiqiiepa  Point  to  Venfosa 
Ban,  surveyed  by  Commander  J.  W.  Philip,  U.  S.  N.,  has  been  finished, 
and  is  on  issne. 

The  engraving  of  charts  Xo.  307,  Havana  TTarbor,  347  (not  SoG,  as 
erroneously  printed  in  the  previous  i<'port),  .lamaica,  34S,  Port  Royal 
and  Kinfjston  Harbors  and  No.  340,  harbors  of  Jamaica,  has  been  finished, 
and  they  are  now  on  issne,  replacing  photolitliogiaplis. 

Cluirt'So.  ■i~)ii.  Gulf  of  Yedo. — The  engraving  of  this  chart  has  been 
abandoned  for  want  of  funds.  As  the  chart  is  in  d«'mand,  the  cheaper 
but  unsatisfactory  method  of  photolithography  had  to  be  resorted  to  for 
its  publication. 

Of  the  series  of  coast  charts  of  the  west  coastof  Anu^rica,  from  Capo 
Uoni  to  Behiing's  Straits,  only  one,  No.  223.  /Vo/u  Di.ron  Entrance  to 
Cross  Sound,  was  heretofore  on  issue  in  this  otlice,  thus  leaving  a  gap, 


510  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 

from  the  northern  boundary  of  Mexico  to  Dixon  Entrance.  At  the  date 
of  my  last  report  i)reparation8  Avere  in  pro},Mess  for  providing  the  neces- 
sary charts  of  tiiat  coast  also.     Of  these,  the  enj^ravinj::  of  Charts  No. 

900,  Went  Coast  of  America,  from  iian  Diego  to  Fiedras  Blancas,  and  No. 

901,  from  Fiedran  Blancas  to  Cajie  Orford,  has  been  finished  as  far  as 
there  were  final  surveys  of  that  portion  of  the  coast. 

The  charts  of  the  other  parts  of  the  coast  cannot  be  completed  until 
the  Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey  publish  the  surveys. 

The. preparation  of  Chart  No.  902,  West  Coast  qf  North  America  ( if.  8.), 
from  Cape  Orford  to  the  Straits  of  Juan  de  Fnca,  had  to  be  postponed,  as 
the  final  survey  of  that  coast  is  not  yet  published. 

Chart  No.  903,  West  Coast  of  North  America,  from  the  Strait  of  Juan 
de  Fuca  to  Queen  Charlotte  Islands,  including  Vancouver's  Island  and 
Puget  Sound,  has  been  prepared  in  manuscript,  and  is  now  in  the 
hands  of  the  engraver,  as  also  Chart  No.  904,  West  Coast  of  America,  from, 
the  Queen  Charlotte  Islands  to  Dixon  Entrance  (British  Admiralty). 

The  preparation  of  the  sheet  charts  of  the  coast  of  Brazil  to  the 
northward  of  St.  Joao  Island,  including  also  the  mouth  of  the  Amazon 
Kiver,  is  in  progress. 

The  engraving  of  the  extensive  corrections  of  the  Brazil  coast  charts 
has  not  been  completed. 

CtlBEENT  WOEK    AND    NEW  WORK    COMPLETED    DURING  THE  YEAR. 

In  the  Drafting  and  Engraving  Division. — More  or  less  extensive  cor- 
rections from  recent  surveys  and  other  sources  have  been  made  in 
manuscript  on  45  charts,  and  engraved  on  the  corresponding  plateS' 
with  a  few  minor  exceptions,  which  have  been  delayed  by  more  press- 
ing work  in  the  engraving  division. 

Secondary  corrections,  such  as  changes  of  the  positions  of  isolated 
islands  and  dangers,  placing  of  new  reported  dangers,  or  the  erasure  of 
such  as  have  proved  not  to  exist,  changes  in  buoys  or  other  sea-marks, 
&c.,  have  been  made  on  51  plates. 

The  plate  of  chart  No.  238,  Fast  Coast  of  North  America,  from  Narra- 
gansett  Bay  to  Cape  Lookout  (worn  out  by  the  many  impressions 
taken  from  it),  has  been  almost  entirely  recut. 

A  plan  of  Agua  Verde  Earhor,  on  the  western  shore  of  the  Gulf  of 
California,  from  a  survey  by  Commander  J.  W.  Philip,  U.  S.  N.,  men- 
tioned in  my  preceding  report,  has  been  engraved  additionally  on  plate 
No.  850,  western  shore  of  the  Gulf  of  California,  from  San  Marcial  Point 
to  San  Basilio  Bay. 

A  special  plan  of  Saint  Paul  Island,  north  of  Cape  Breton  Island, 
from  a  recent  British  survey,  has  been  added  to  plate  No.  611. 

A  plan  of  Shimidsu  Harbor,  on  the  south  coast  of  the  island  of  Nipon, 
Japan,  from  a  recent  Japanese  survey,  has  been  added  to  i)late  No.  65; 
and  tlie  plan  of  Sago  Bay,  from  a  Kussian  survey  in  1855,  has  been 
erased  fi'om  the  same  plate,  and  replaced  by  one  from  a  recent  Japanese 
survey. 

A  chart  of  Honohilu  Harbor,  from  a  very  com])lete  survey  by  Lieu- 
tenant Jackson,  K.  N.,  in  1880,  has-  been  engraved,  to  replace  one  from 
previous  surveys  diflering  in  outlines  and  in  the  general  depth  of  the 
water. 

Additional  soundings,  and  some  corrections  reported  by  Commander 
J.  W.  Philip,  U.  S.  N.,  have  been  engraved  on  several  charts  of  tlie  har- 
bors on  the  west  coast  of  Mexico,  surveyed  by  him,  and  published  by 
this  ofBice  in  the  preceding  year. 


EEPORT   OF   THE    SECRETARY    OF   THE    NAVY..  511 

Tho  following  new  charts  (photolitbographs)  havo.  been  published 
during  tho  .year: 

005.  Brava  Harbor,  on  the  east  coast  of  Africa,  to  illustrate  a  hydro- 
grapLic  notice. 

A  plan  of  the  new  docks  in  Batavia  Koads  (island  of  Java)  for  the 
same  purpose. 

'  90{).  Wrangel  Island,  sur\'e.ycd  by  the  naval  party  under  command  of 
Lieut.  II.  M.  Berry,  U.  S.  N.,  in  the  U.  S.  S.  Rodgers. 

007.  Eodgers  Harbor,  on  Wrangel  Island,  from  tho  same  suisjrey. 

008.  Track  of  the  U.  S.  S.  Ivodgers,  north  of  Wrangel  Island,  show- 
ing soundings  in  the  Arctic  Basin. 

Oil*  and  011^.  Circum])olar  charts,  illustrating  the  reseai'ches  in  tho 
Arctic  region,  with  track  and  discoveries  of  Lieut.  Commander  G.  W. 
De  Long  in  the  Jeannette. 

OIL'.  Arctic  Ocean  from  WraTigel  Island  to  the  Mackenzie  River.  A 
whaling  chart. 

Second  editions  of  the  following  charts  were  photolithograi)hed,  for 
want  of  funds  to  engrave  them: 

No.  450.  Gulf  of  Yedo. 

No.  3L'5.  Entrance  to  the  river  Tagus  and  Lisbon  Harbor. 

No.  401.  Coast  of  Yucatan,  from  Chincoua  Bank  to  the  Laguna  de 
Terminos. 

No.  700.  China  Sea,  southern  portion,  eastern  shore. 

No.  516.  Cuba,  western  portion. 

A  considerable  number  of  tracings  of  charts  and  drawings  were  made 
for  various  })urposes  and  for  various  lu-anches  of  tlie  government. 

Ill  the  Archives  J)uyision. — There  have  been  published  during  the  year 
115  Notices  to  Mariners,  containing  0(54  numix'red  paragraphs,  an<l  <S-1: 
Hydrograi>hic  Notices,  containing  063  numbered  paragraphs,  and  issued 
to  the  ditierent  squadrons,  naval  stations,  aud  corresi)ondents.  Five 
hundred  copies  of  each  of  the  above  notices  were  printed.  F<(ur  quar- 
terly statements  of  notices  were  published  and  distributed.  Five  hun- 
dred copies  of  each  statement  were  printed.  United  States  Light  Lists 
Nos.  1,  1%  2,  3,  4,  and  5,  corrected  to  date  of  publication,  and  300  copies 
of  each  ])ubiis]ied  and  distributed.  United  States  Light  List  ]iJo.  6has 
been  ]>repa.red  for  the  i)rinter,  and  is  now  ready  for  publication. 

The  officers  of  this  Division  have  been  engtiged  in  in-eparing  notices, 
posting  Light  Jjists  and  Sailing  Directions,  correcting  standard  charts 
to  date,  translating  and  reading  proof,  rearranging  tho  archiviis,  aud 
comparing  and  shelving  foreign  charts. 

In  the  .Division  of  Library  and  Books. — AH  books  of  Sailing  Directions 
published  by  this  office,  the  Coast  Survey,  or  by  foreign  Ily<lrographic 
Offices  for  issue  to  United  States  vessels,  liavc;  been  kept  corrected  to 
the  latest  dates,  using  chietly  the  information  given  by  the  Notices  to 
Mariners  and  ilydrogiaphic  Notices  i)ublished  by  this  oHice. 

During  the  year  there  liave  been  sold  to  authorize«l  agents  1,033  vol- 
umes of  Sailing  Directions,  and  in  addition  3,34li  volumes  of  various 
nautiiial  publications  have  been  issued  to  United  States  naval  vessels, 
the  Coast  and  (reodetic  Survey,  Revenue  ]\Lnrine,  Libraries  and  foreign 
Hydrographic  Offices  in  exchange  for  their  publications. 

The  following  books  have  been  compiled  and  i)ublished  during  tho 
year: 

Supplement  to  Coast  of  South  America,  Part  I  (bound  in  ]Iydro- 
graphic  Office  publication  No.  45). 

Catalogue  of  Charts,  l*lans  and  Views,  with  a  list  of  books  sold  to 
agents,  July,  1881. 


512  PAPERS    ACCOifPANYTNG   THE 

The  operations  of  the  Chart  Division  have  been  as  follows: 

CIkivU  received:  ny(lroj:(ra])lii(;Office ('harts  from  print ini^  room, 7,753; 
from  otlier  sonrces,  n,*>01 ;  from  Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey,  2,502^;  liom 
British  x\dmiralty  (complimentary),  2'i.j;  by  jiurchase,  1,207;  from  ^lare 
Island  and  vessels,  5,730,  many  of  which,  beinc;-  old  and  unserviceable, 
have  been  destroyed.    Total  receipts  of  cliartw  and  plans,  23,418. 

Charts  issued  to  naval  vessels:  Jlydrofjraphic  Ottico  charts,  2,311 ; 
British  Admiralty  charts,  2,077 ;  Coast  and  (leodetic  charts,  1,839.  Total 
issued  to  United  States  naval  vessels,  6,227. 

To  IMare  Island  Depot:  Ilyilropraphic  Oilice  charts,  354 ;  British  Ad- 
miralty charts,  522;  Coast  and  Geodetic  charts,  197.  Total  to  Mare 
Island,  1,073. 

To  Executive  Departments  of  the  United  States  Government:  Hy- 
drogra])hic  Office  charts,  121;  British  Admiralty,  32.  Total  to  Execu- 
tive Departments,  153. 

To  Archives  and  other  divisions  of  the  Hydro,£craphic  Office:  British 
Admiralty  charts,  301 ;  Coast  and  Geodetic  charts,  7.    Total,  368. 

To  agents  for  sale  of  Hydroj^raphic  Office  publications,  6,607. 

To  masters  of  merchant  vessels  in  consideration  of  keejung-  meteoro- 
logical journals,  93. 

To  foreign  correspondents  and  Hydrographic  Offices  (com])limentar5-), 
712 ;  to  home  correspondents  and  agents,  98.  Total  of  charts  issuetl, 
15,361. 

In  the  same  division,  the  following  -work  of  plate  printing  was  done: 
HydrogTaphic  Office  charts,  7,753;  proofs,  297;  office  compliments, 
500;  letter  paper  headed,  4  reams;  envelopes,  1,990;  diagrams  for 
chronometer  rates,  100 ;  thermometer  scales.  100 ;  scales  for  Chart  ^o. 
361,  500;  forins  of  clouds,  500;  and  office  seals,  100.  Twenty  new  charts 
have  been  published.  Five  charts  have  been  withdrawn  from  issue  on 
account  of  later  surveys  having  been  received. 

Charts  returned  from  vessels  going  out  of  commission  have  been  cor- 
rected and  placed  on  the  shelves  for  issue  when  serviceable. 

The  charts  on  hand  have  been  kept  corrected  to  date  as  far  as  the 
interruptions  in  office  force  would  ]iermit. 

In  the  Meteorological  Division  the  work  of  reducing  and  compiling 
meteorological  data  obtained  from  the  log  books  of  vessels  has  been 
continued.  The  reductions  for  a  chart  of  the  North  Atlantic  Ocean  are 
complete,  and  a  chart  on  the  graphic  plan  will  be  published  during  the 
year.  The  reductions  for  the  South  Atlantic  are  nearly  completed. 
During  the  year,  35  blank  journals  have  been  issued  to  masters  of  mer- 
chant vessels;  38  completed  journals  have  been  received,  of  which  84 
per  cent,  are  "good,"  13  per  cent,  "fair,"  and  3  per  cent,  "bad." 

WORK  ENTERED  UPON  A.KD  STILL  EN'  PROGRESS. 

The  follotring  charts  have  been  prepared  and  their  engraving  taken 
in  hand: 

A  second  edition  of  x^o.  445,  Magellan  Strait,  Westeru  Part,  from 
Sandy  Point  to  Cape  Pillar,  to  replace  the  photolithographic  edition. 

Xo.  373.  Jamaica,  with  Pedro  and  Eosalind  Banks,  and  i)arts  of  Cuba 
and  San  Domingo,  also  to  replace  a  i)hotolithogTaph  edition. 

^o.  915.  Manzanilla  and  Santiago  Bays,  on  the  West  Coast  of 
Mexico,  from  a  survey  of  Couimander  J.  W.  Philip  in  the  U.  S.  S. 
Eanger. 

No.  916.  Ports  Casilda  and  IMassio,  on  the  South  Coast  of  Cuba,  from 
recent  Spanish  surveys. 


EEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  XAVT.       5J3 

No.  909.  Providence  Bay,  with  Plover  Bay  and  Emma  Harbor,  south 
of Behring- Strait;  and 

!No.  910.  Anadyr  Gulf,  on  the  Western  Sliore  of  the  Behring  Sea,  both 
from  recent  Russian  surveys;  for  whahng  vessels. 

The  Chart  of  the  Harbor  of  Hong-Kong  (engraved  on  plate  529, 
Western  Part,  General  Chart,  North  Pacific  Ocean)  has  been  reproduced 
by  electrotyping  as  a  separate  i)late,  on  which  the  approaches  from 
the  eastward  and  the  channels  leading  to  the  westward  into  Canton 
Eiver  will  be  added,  which  will  greatly  enhance  the  usefulness  of  that 
chart.    These  additions  are  now  being  prepared  in  manuscript. 

A  se(x>nd  edition  of  Chart  No.  517,  Cuba,  Eastern  Portion  (photo- 
lithograph),  is  now  being  printed.  It  is  intended  to  rejjlace  the  two 
photolithographtKl  charts  of  Cuba,  by  engraved  plates,  as  soon  as  the 
surveys  of  the  island  by  the  Spanish  Government  have  been  completed 
and  published. 

Second  editions  of  the  photolithographed  Charts  No.  266,  Great  Ba- 
hama Bank,  from  Exuma  to  New  Providence,  and  No.  809,  Coast  of 
Labrador,  from  Cape  St.  Charles  to  Sandwich  Bay,  have  been  pre- 
pared and  will  soon  be  published. 

Sailing  Directions  for  the  Baltic  Sea,  embracing  coasts  of  Eussia  and 
Gulf  of  Finland,  are  now  ready  to  place  in  the  hands  of  the  printer. 

One  volume  of  Dangers  in  the  North  Atlantic  is  also  ready  for  pub- 
lication. * 

The  increasing  demand  for  accurate  hydrographic  information  calls 
for  a  short  reference  to  the  work  being  done  in  the  interests  of  the 
world's  commerce  by  all  maritime  powers,  and  it  emphas'izes  the  obli- 
gations which  this  government  is  under  to  contribute  its  quota  of  work 
in  a  field  of  operations  which  is  as  vast  as  the  oceans  of  the  globe,  of 
equal  importance  to  all  commercial  powers,  and  in  which  our  contribu- 
tions to  the  general  end  in  view  do  not  compare  as  favorably  as  they 
should  with  those  of  other  nations. 

While  we  are  receiving  from  foreign  Hydrographic  OflSces  a  vast 
amount  of  information  which  is  distributed  by  them  upon  the  basis  of 
mutual  exchange,  the  return  which  we  make  is  far  short  of  what  is  ex- 
pected, or  which  fair  reciprocity  demands. 

In  becoming  a  party  to  the  pre^sent  system  of  international  exchange 
of  hydrographic  work,  an  obligation  was  incurred  which  should  be  fully 
and  fairly  recognized,  and  which  can  only  be  discharged  by  means  of 
more  reasonable  appropriations.  It  is  well  to  observe  that  the  appro- 
priation for  the  work  of  this  office  for  the  current  fiscal  year,  exclusive 
of  special  approjiriation  for  Mexican  coa.st  survey,  and  transferring 
photolithographs  to  copper,  is  fifty  thousand  dollars  less  than  was 
allowed  for  current  work  in  1874;  and  that  while  Congress  has  cut 
down  the  approi'iriations,  the  work  of  the  ollice  is  steadily  expanding, 
and  much  valuable  information  which  should  be  given  to  the  world 
remains  unpublished  in  our  archives. 

The  labors  of  foreign  Hydrogra})hic  Oflices  are  being  pushed  forwjird 
with  greater  and  more  persistent  energy  than  ever  before.  The  older 
surveys  of  coasts  and  harbors,  with  which  navigators  considered  them- 
selves familiar,  are  undergoing  a  thorough  revision,  in  which  grave  errors 
are  develojjcd. 

France  is  perf«!cling  detailed  surveys  of  the  French  coasts  and  of 
the  northern  coasts  of  Africa,  revising  the  charts  of  the  Grecian  Archi- 
pelago, while  pushing  forward  the  surveys  of  the  coasts  and  rivers  of 
Cochin  China  and  the  shore^s  of  the  Gulf  of  Tonquin,  an<l  completing  sur- 
veys of  French  possessiona  in  the  South  Pacific.  England  is  thorough!  v 
33  Ab 


514  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 

lovisiiifj  tlio  surveys  of  lior  cortstH  and  harbors,  correcting'  and  coni- 
]»lctin}^  tlic  surveys  of  Newfoundland,  extejKlinj^elaboi'ate  surveys  along 
the  coast  of  Labi'a<U)r  to  Hudson  Straits;  while  the  shores  of  Jamaica 
have  been  entirely  re[)roduced  and  jtublished.  Extensive  sui'veys  of  the 
east  coast  of  Africa  north  and  south  of  Zanziltar  are  also  in  ])rogTess. 

British  surveying;"  vessels  are  pushing  forward  the  surveys  of  the 
Straits X)f  ^Magellan,  and  the  inner  channels  between  it  and  the  Pacilio 
Ocean.  The  surveys  of  the  coasts  and  waters  of  Australia  are  i)ursued 
with  energy,  and  are  alreay  being  extended  to  the  coast  of  New  (ruinea, 
heretofore  most  im]>erfectly  known,  while  other  British  vessels  are  em- 
ployed among  the  South  Sea  islands,  esi)eeially  the  Fiji  group. 

In  Asia,  the  British  IlydrogTaphic  Office  at  Calcutta  is  revising,  cor- 
recting, and  extending  all  the  former  surveys  of  the  British  EnHt  India 
possessions.  This  nation  has  done,  and  is  doing,  more  in  the  direction 
of  developing  hydrographic  knowledge  than  all  other  civilized  nations 
combined.  No  expense  is  spared  to  mark  the  dangers  which  beset  the 
path  of  her  navigators  and  her  commerce,  or  to  lighten  the  ocean  high- 
ways; unknown  coasts  are  boldly  approached,  unknown  seas  entered 
and  made  to  reveal  their  dangers  and  their  advantages.  Iler  liberal 
spirit  is  a  thousand  times  repaid  in  the  saving  of  time  which  is  achieved 
and  the  safety  which  is  insured  to  her  commerce  and  her  citizens,  who, 
following  closely  after  her  explorers  and  surveyors,  seize  every  oppor- 
tunity, however  slight,  to  develop  and  extend  the  commerce,  and  open 
up  new  markets  for  British  manufactures,  which  have  given  England 
the  commercial  supremacy  of  the  world. 

Portugal  is  publishing  a  series  of  coast  and  harbor  charts  from  new 
surveys. 

Spain  has  undertaken  a  resurvey  of  her  Mediterranean  coasts,  which 
has  about  reached  the  French  boundary,  and  the  charts  already  pub- 
lished establish  grave  errors  in  those  heretofore  depended  upon.  An 
energetic  survey  of  the  entire  Philippine  group  is  being  matle,  aud 
charts  of  Cuba  are  being  thoroughly  revised. 

Italy  is  busy  with  a  resurvey  of  her  coasts  and  adjacent  waters. 

Germany  is  making  a  survey  of  all  its  shores,  and  the  hitherto  dan- 
gerous navigation  of  the  Baltic  will  be  made  more  safe,  as  new  charts 
are  rapidly  published. 

Netherland  surveying  vessels  are  engaged  in  active  surveys  of  their 
possessions  in  the  East  Indian  Archipelago. 

Chili  is  displaying  great  activity  on  the  coasts  of  Chili,  Peru,  and 
Bolivia,  while  Japan,  with  admirable  energy  and  devotion  to  modern 
progress,  has  established  a  national  Hydrographic  Office  and  under- 
taken thorough  surveys  of  all  her  shores  and  her  innumerable  harbors, 
furnishing  in  rapid  succession  engraved  charts,  which  compare  most 
favorably  with  the  issues  of  older  hydrographic  institutions.  That  en- 
ergetic ])eoi)le  is  even  already  pushing  its  surveys  into  the  waters  of 
Corea,  of  which  but  little  is  now  known,  and  whicU  seems  destined  to 
become  of  commercial  imjiortance  in  the  near  future. 

These  hydrographic  labors,  developing  great  changes  and  new  dan- 
gers, necessarily  entail  upon  this  office  constantly  increasing  work  in 
correcting  chart  plates,  sailing  directions,  and  light  lists  of  all  parts 
of  the  world;  and  in  order  to  keep  up  with  the  numerous  corrections, 
discoveries,  and  changes  constantly  reported,  the  small  force  of  drafts- 
men and  engravers  at  our  disposition  is  taxed  to  their  utmost  capacity, 
to  such  an  extent,  in  fact,  that  the  publication  of  some  of  our  general 
ocean  charts  have  been  necessarily  delayed,  although  taken  in  hand 
over  two  years  ago. 


REPORT    OF    THE    {SECRETARY    OF    THE   NAVY.  515 

SURVEYS    AND    nYDKOGRAPniC    EXAMINATIONS    BY    UNITED    STATES 
NAVAL  VESSELS  DURING  THE  FISCAL  YEAR. 

The  highest  credit  is  due  to  the  officers  of  tlie  Arctic  Expedition  in 
the  steamer  Jeaiiuette,  Lieutenaut-Commander  Geo.  W.  De  Lonfj,  and 
to  the  officers  of  the  puroliased  steamer  Eodgers,  Lieut.  H.  M.  Berry, 
commandiug,  for  the  work  done,  and  the  geographical  discoveries  made 
by  them  and  the  officers  luuler  their  command,  in  the  Siberian  Arctic. 
Their  hazardous  mission  was  pursued  fearlessly,  and  with  great  zeal 
and  energy.  Although  the  results  achieved  are  not  commensurate  with 
the  hardships  and  loss  of  life  endured  by  these  bold  workers  in  the 
cause  of  scientific  discovery,  yet  are  they  nevertheless  very  important. 
The  islands  discovered  by  Lieutenant  Commander  De  Long  to  the 
northward  and  eastward  of  the  new  Siberian  group,  and  named  by  him, 
respectively,  "Jeannette,"  "Henrietta,"  and  "Bennett"  Islands,  may 
l>e  considered  an  extension  of  that  group,  and  have  been  entered  upon 
our  charts,  under  the  collective  name  of  "DeLong  Lslands,"  as  a  lasting 
testimonial  in  the  regions  of  eternal  ice  to  the  intrepidity  of  the  com- 
mander of  the  Jeanuette,  who  with  indomitable  energy  reached  a  higher 
latitude  than  any  heretofore  attained  in  the  Siberian  Arctic,  and  gave 
his  life  to  the  cause  of  scientific  research,  while  inscribing  his  name  for 
ages  where  few  may  hope  to  follow. 

Wrangel  Land,  first  vaguely  rei)orted  by  Admiral  Wrangel  of  the 
Kussiau  navj',  afterwards  believed  to  have  been  seen  much  farther 
north  by  the  late  Admiral  Kellett  of  the  English  navy,  and  closely 
api)roached  by  two  American  whalers  in  1807,  was  generally  supposed 
to  be  the  southern  extremity  of  an  archipelago  or  mainland  extending 
to  the  Pole,  and  possibly  connecting  with  Greenland ;  it  was  even  so 
represented  by  Dr.  Petermann  on  some  charts  published  in  his  justly 
celebrated  work  the  "  Mittheilungen."  These  theories  have  been  entirely 
disproved  by  Lieutenant  Berrj'jOf  theEodgers,  who  found  Wrangel  Land 
to  be  an  isolated  island  of  about  70  miles  in  its  greatest  dimensions. 
An  excellent  running  survey  of  its  shores  and  shoals  was  obtained  by 
his  boats,  which  almost  entirely  circumnavigated  the  island  and  defined 
its  limits.  After  penetrating  into  the  ice  180  miles  north  of  the  island, 
the  remarkable  fact  was  observed  that  the  water  constantly  deepened 
as  the  latitude  increased.  From  the  preliminary  data  obtained,  charts 
No.  900,  907,  and  90S  were  prepared,  and  have  been  distributed  to  all 
foreign  Jlydrographic  Offices. 

The  prosecution  of  the  survey  of  the  west  coast  of  Mexico  by  Com- 
mander Philip  in  the  U.  S.  S.  Kanger,  although  delayed  by  a  pecu- 
liarly unfavorable  season,  was  continued  by  that  oHicer  with  his  usiud 
energy  and  faithfulness.  During  that  portion  of  the  year  when  oper- 
ations on  a  tropical  coast  were  necessarily  susi)ended,  the  work  of 
plotting  and  ])reparing  smooth  charts  was  jHosecuted  with  good  results 
at  San  J'^rancisco.  A  ])ortion  of  the  season  was  devoted  to  an  unsuc- 
cessful search  for  tin*  Keed  rocks,  which  have  been  reported  on  several 
occasions  as  existing  about  7(»0  miles  west  of  San  Francisco.  Although 
they  were  not  found  by  tlie  Kanger,  the  weight  of  testimony  as  to  their 
existence  is  great  enough  to  justify  a  further  and  more  exhaustive  search, 
when  a  vessel  properly  equipjied  can  be  spared  for  that  service.  It  is 
quite  ])ossible  that  they  may  have  disap])earcd  in  some  of  the  great 
disturbances  which  are  known  to  aftect  the  bed  of  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
but,  until  that  fact  is  demonstrated  by  further  search,  their  apjiear- 
auce  on  the  charts  is  a  serious  embarrassment  to  navigators,  entailing 
anxiety  and  loss  of  time. 


516  I'AI'ERS    ACCOMPANYINO    THE 

Tlic  siirvoy  ol"  tlic  wost  coast  ol"  iMcxico  huK  l)oen  ciniiidctod  witli  tlie 
excei>tioii  ol"  tlie  isoctioii  between  Vcutosii  I'oiiit  ami  tlie  Oco.s  liiver. 
When  tliis  gap  shall  bo  tilled  during  tin;  earii(;r  ])art  of  the  coining 
season,  the  extension  of  the  survey  over  the  coasts  of  Costa  Jlica  and 
^Nicaragua,  from  the  Gulf  of  Fonsc^ea  to  the  Gulf  of  Dulce,  will  be  com- 
menced, in  accordance  with  the  wishes  of  the  Bureau. 

The  result  of  last  season's  work  on  the  west  coast  is  conipris(Hl  in 
special  charts  of  Manzanilla  and  Santiago  liays,  Chamala  «)r  J'erula 
Bay,  Tenacatita  and  Navidad  Bays,  and  of  the  port  of  Altata,  in  tlie 
Gulf  of  California.  This  port  is  the  western  terminus  of  one  of  tlie 
])rincipal  railroads  through  the  province  of  Sinaloa,  and  will  eventually 
become  an  im]>ortant  shipping  port  for  the  rich  mineral  district  tlirougii 
which  the  road  is  being  constructed.  When  the  riiilip  survey  is  com- 
plete, American  charts  from  Panama  toBehring's  Straits  willbe  the  latent 
and  most  reliable  guides  published  for  the  use  of  navigators. 

The  very  imi)ortant  survey  during  the  past  winter  of  the  Bay  of 
Samaua,  done  under  the  direction  of  the  Bureau  of  Navigation  by 
Commander  Bridgeman  in  the  U.  S.  S.  Despatch,  has  been  most  admir- 
ably executed  by  that  officer,  and  the  skilled  corps  of  uaval  ofticers 
under  his  command.  The  work,  which  proved  very  arduous,  has  been 
thoroughly  executed,  and  reflects  great  credit  upon  the  officers  who 
performed  it,  and  the  results  received  are  not  surpassed  in  excellence 
by  any  previous  surveys  received  by  this  office.  The  survey  embraced 
the  entire  Bay  of  Samaua,  including  the  Yuua  and  Barracouta  Rivers 
as  far  as  navigable.  But  little  was  known  of  this  magnificeut  bay  pre- 
vious to  Commander  Bridgemau's  survey,  in  which  its  marvelous  re- 
sources and  capacity  have  been  develox)ed. 

The  energy  and  zeal  of  the  officers  of  the  Despatch  may  be  appreciated 
when  it  is  remembered  that  the  work  was  completed  in  less  than  eighty 
working  days,  during  which  15,655  angles  were  measured,  57,877  sound- 
ings obtained  on  lines  run  by  the  vessel  and  its  boats,  and  that  those 
lines  aggregated  2,603  miles.  These  details  are  alluded  to  in  order  to 
show  what  results  can  be  obtained  by  an  energetic  and  intelligent  work- 
ing party  carefully  equiijped  with  all  modern  facilities  for  marine  sur- 
veying. The  working  force  of  this  party  was  more  than  quadrupled  by 
being  furnished  with  steam  launches,  which  never  tire  under  the  direc- 
tion of  industrious  and  energetic  officers. 

The  publication  of  a  chart  of  the  entire  bay,  with  special  charts  of 
the  harbors  of  Santa  Barbara  and  San  Lorenzo,  will  be  pushed  forward 
as  fast  as  the  current  work  of  the  office  will  permit. 

The  U.  S.  S.  Alert,  Commander  C.  L.  Huntington,  completed  the  ex- 
amination of  the  islands  and  reefs  southward  of  the  Gulf  of  Yedo  to 
the  Marianne  group,  and  to  the  westward  of  the  latter,  disproving  the 
existence  of  a  number  of  reefs  by  soundings  with  the  deep-sea  apparatus 
over  and  in  the  \icinity  of  the  reported  positions.  The  same  officer  gave 
information  regarding  anchorages  on  the  coast  of  China.  Comjnander 
Louis  Kemj)!}',  his  successor  in  command  of  the  Alert,  transmitted  a 
description  and  tracings  of  the  new  dock  in  Batavia  Roads,  Java,  which 
were  published  by  this  office. 

Commander  G.  H.  Wadleigh,  of  the  U.  S.  S.  Alliance,  while  in  search 
of  tidings  from  the  Jeannette,  between  Greenland  and  Spitzbergen, 
collected  important  data  regarding  the  coasts  of  Iceland  and  the  waters 
in  the  vicinity.  His  meteorological  and  current  observations  during  the 
cruise  are  of  special  value. 

The  F.  S.  S.  Shenandoah,  Capt.  W.  A.  Kirkland,  made  an  unsuccess- 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVV.       517 

fill  search  for  tlie  ^ladeiro  liock,  oli"  the  coast  of  Jirazil,  veritied  the 
cxtcntof  the  La  Plata  Basin,  and  fjavc  (tther  hydro^aaphicmforniation. 

The  XL  S.  S.  Yandalia,  Capt.  K.  W.  Meade,  furnished  a  plan  siiowinj^- 
the  depth  of  water  at  and  otf  the  docks  at  Aspinwall,  also  a  survey  ot" 
Boca  del  Toro  by  Lieut.  H.  Perkins  and  Ensij^ii  L.  Flynne.  From  the 
carefully  kept  journal  of  the  commander,  copious  notes  were  derived 
leyardiut;-  the  ]>ennudas  and  various  harbors  in  the  West  Indies  and  on 
the  North  Atlantic  coast. 

The  U.  S.  S.  Quinnebau«:,  Commander  X.  H.  Farquhar,  furnished 
hydrograpliic  information  refjarding  a  number  of  ports  in  the  eastern 
part  of  the  Mediterranean. 

The  U.  IS.  S.  Galena,  Commander  O.  A.  IJatchcller.  reported  hydro- 
graphic  data  regardinjj  the  ports  of  Alexandria  and  Gibraltar,  as  also 
for  the  west  coast  of  ^Morocco. 

The  U.  S.  S.  Essex,  Commander  A.  H.  McCormiek,  reported  errors 
in  the  sailing  directions  for  the  west  coast  of  Africa, 

The  U.  S.  8.  Trenton,  Capt.  F.  M.  IJamsay,  reported  an  error  in  the 
longitude  of  the  Balearic  Islands,  and  other  hydrographic information. 

Tiie  U.  8.  8.  Marion,  Commander  8.  W.  Terry,  furnished  a  chart  and 
views  of  neard  and  ^Macdonald  Lslands  in  the  Indian  Ocean. 

The  U.  S.  S.  Kearsarge,  Commander  G.  B.  White,  reported  concern- 
ing the  buoys  in  the  entrance  of  Kingston  Harbor,  Jamaica,  as  also  the 
water  in  the  South  Pass  of  the  Mississippi. 

The  IJ.  S.  S.  Yantic,  Commamler  E.  T.  Woodward,  gave  iuformaiion 
regarding  wrecks  on  the  Tuxpau  Keef,  east  coast  of  !Mexico,  the  light  at 
Tampico,  and  the  channels  leading  to  Aux  Cayes,  Hayti. 

The  U.  8.  S.  Brooklyn,  Ca])t.  A.  W.  Weaver,  forwarded  information  re- 
garding obstructions  in  the  harbor  of  Montevideo,  and  buoys  in  Magel- 
lan's Straits. 

The  U.  S.  S.  Adams,  Commander  E.  C.  Merrimau,  reported  regarding 
a  wreck  in  Panama  Koads. 

Bear- Admiral  J.  H.  8j)otts,  of  the  South  Atlantic  squadron,  transmit- 
ted valuable  information  regarding  the  La  Plata  Bank;  and  Bear- 
Admiral  .1.  M.  B.  Clitz,  commanding  the  Asiatic  Station,  transmitted 
tracings  of  a  recent  British  survey  in  the  vicinity  of  Okosiri  Island, 
Japan. 

The  Superintendent  of  the  United  States  Coast  and  Geodetic  Sur- 
vey has  given  very  valuable  assistance  to  this  oflicc  by  furnishing  ad- 
vance sheets  of  several  iini)ublished  surveys  on  our  western  coast,  with 
other  hydrograjHiic  information.  The  office  is  specially  indebted  to  him 
for  the  electroty])ing  of  a  niiniber  of  plates. 

Important  hydrograpliicr  information  from  Mr.  W.  P.  Pierce,  United 
States  consul  at  Cienfnegos  ;  Mr.  E.  W.  P.  Smith,  T'nited  States  consul 
at  Carthagena,  Colombia ;  Mr.  E.  II.  IMumacher,  L'nited  States  consul 
at  Maracaibo,  and  Mr.  William  Morey,  United  States  consul  at  Colombo, 
Ceylon,  was  transmitted  from  the  Department  of  State  to  the  Navy  De- 
I)artment,  and  referretl  to  this  otlice. 

This  othce  is  also  indebted  to  the  boaid  of  underwriters  of  New  York 
for  information  regarding  the  bar  of  the  Bio  Grande  at  our  boundar\- 
line  with  ^lexico. 

Of  late  years,  much  interest  has  been  manifested  by  the  Geographical 
Institutions  of  Europe,  and  by  jirivate  individuals,  in  i)erfccting  a 
method  by  which  drawings,  charts,  maps,  &c.,  could  be  transferred  to 
copper  and  printed  as  frumi  engraved  i)lates.  The  Topographical 
Bureau  of  the  Austrian  army  has  succeeded  in  i)roducing  by  this  method, 
known  ;is  lleliography  or  Photogravure,  a  series  of  military  topt>graph- 


518  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING  THE 

ical  cliarls  of  tho  Aiistiiaii  Eni])ii'(',(iom|)anng  well  with  cd graved  charts, 
but  hardly  of  .sutlicicnt  .size  for  nautical  charts. 

liocoiitly,  however,  private  «'ntor))rise  in  this  country  has  become  in- 
terested ill  the  subject,  and  satisfactory  specimens  of  this  method  have 
been  received.  Tliis  process  ]>romises  such  important  and  economical 
results,  combined  with  the  ability  to  make  necessary  corrections  and 
additions  on  the  ]>lates,  that  it  has  been  considered  advisable  to  en- 
courage the  development  of  tlu^  process  to  the  fullest  extent,  and,  with 
this  end  in  view,  Charts  Xo.  i)l'3.  Port  Henry,  in  Magellan  Straits,  and 
No.  914,  South  Coast  of  England,  which  are  needed  for  issue,  have 
been  prepared  for  republication,  and  jdaced  in  the  hands  of  the  opera- 
tors. 

The  results  of  the  final  experiments  are  awaited  with  interest,  and 
such  confidence  in  its  success  that  the  publication  of  a  second  edition 
of  Chart  809,  Coast  of  Labrador,  is  held  in  abeyance  until  the  two  other 
plates  referred  to  are  received.  Should  the  degree  of  success  equal 
our  apparently  just  expectations,  this  office  will  enter  upon  a  new  era  in 
chart  production,  as  charts  by  this  process  can  be  ready  for  printing 
in  one-fourth  the  time  required  for  engraving  the  ordinary  plate. 

EECOMMENDATIONS. 

In  my  last  report  I  urged  the  importance  of  a  survey  of  the  Caroline 
and  Marshall  groups  in  the  North  Pacific  Ocean,  and  a  revision  of  the 
imperfect  surveys  of  the  so-called  Spanish  Main,  and  of  the  coasts  of 
South  America,  eastward  of  Trinidad  to  the  mouth  of  the  Amazon. 

I  can  only  renew  my  solicitations  for  the  detail  of  vessels  fitted  out 
for  this  work,  and  reiterate  my  statements  of  the  importance  to  com- 
merce of  correct  charts  for  navigating  these  waters. 

In  the  Caroline  and  Marshall  group,  as  well  as  throughout  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  there  are  many  entirely  unsurveyed  dangers  which  greatly  im- 
pede navigation. 

The  searches  for  reported  submerged  reefs  were  heretofore  very  diffi- 
cult. Late  improvements  in  deep-sea  sounding  apparatus  facilitate 
them  greatly,  and  thorough  examination  of  the  localities  reported  as 
unsafe  is  again  urged  upon  the  attention  of  the  Bureau. 

The  Government  of  the  Sandwich  Islands  has  almost  completed  a 
geodetical  survey  of  the  gTOup,  but  is  hardly  prepared  to  perform  the 
hydrographic  part  of  it.  A  chart  of  a  portion  of  Oahu,  now  on  issue  by 
this  office,  does  not  show  a  single  sounding  on  the  eastern  and  north- 
eastern coasts. 

Our  relations  with  the  Sandwich  Islands  are  such  that  we  are  almost 
called  upon  for.  aid  in  these  important  labors  ;  and  I  recommend  that 
the  necessary  soundings  be  taken  north  of  the  islands,  in  order  that  the 
character  of  the  approaches  may  be  plotted. 

##*»*♦* 

Very  respectfullv,  your  obedient  servant, 

J.  C.  P.  DeKRAFFT, 
Commodore,  TJ.  S.  jV.,  Hydrographer, 
Commodore  J.  G.  Walker,  U.  S.  N., 

Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Xavigafion. 


REPORT   OF   THE    SECRETARY    OF   THE    NAVY.  619 


KEPOKT  OF  THE  CHIEF  SIGNAL  OFFIOEK. 

if AVY  Department,  Bureau  of  Navigation, 

Signal  Office, 
Woshixf/toUj  D.  C,  Novemhcr  15,  1882. 

Sir:  In  couipliaucc  witli  your  order  of  the  21st  ultimo,  the  followiuf? 
report  of  tbc  operatious  of  the  Signal  Office  for  the  past  year  is  re- 
spectfully submitted : 

Letters  from  the  Army  Signal  Otlice,  asking  foi-  information  and  re- 
questing co-operation,  have  been  referred  to  this  office,  the  replies  to 
Avhich  have  been  transmitted  to  the  Bureau. 

Capt.  James  11.  Gillis,  U.  S.  N.,  vsubmittcd  a  phin  for  niglit  signaling, 
(devised  by  himself,  which  was  carefully  considered  in  this  office,  and 
^tlie  report  submitted  to  the  Bureau  April  8. 

Experiments  have  been  made  on  board  of  nine  naval  A^essels  to  de- 
termine the  relative  merits  of  Very's  and  Coston's  night  signals,  and  the 
result, deduced  from  the  experiments,  was  subniitted  to  y(»u  on  June  30. 

Experiments  were  made  lo  determine  the  relative  merits  of  the  Win- 
chester and  Ely  cartridges,  for  use  with  the  Very  night  signals,  and 
the  report  submitted  August  18. 

A  telegTaphic  code  for  sending  or  transmitting  cable  messages  by 
substituting  a  word  for  a  sentence,  has  been  x>repared,  and  was  sub- 
mitted to  tlie  Bureau  on  the  12th  of  August. 

The  quarterly  reports  of  instruction  in  signaling,  received  from  ves- 
sels in  commission  in  the  early  part  of  the  year,  indicated  in  many  in- 
stances that  the  practice  of  signaling  had  been  neglected. 

It  is  very  desirable  that  the  instruction  should  be  continued,  and  the 
quarterly  reports  should  show  that  not  only  tl)e  siginil  officer,  but  that 
all  the  watch  and  division  officers  do  give  practical  instruction  to  the 
quartermasters,  coxswains,  appn.'ntices,  and  young  blue-jackets,  not  ex- 
clusively in  Myers'  code,  but  in  the  naval  day  and  night  codes,  in  the 
rules  of  the  road,  and  the  significations  of  buoys,  beacons,  and  channel 
marks. 

The  meteorological  bulletins  received  from  many  of  the  vessels  show 
a  great  want  of  care  in  recording,  and  are  frequently  relujued. to  the 
ships  for  revision  and  correction.  Tiiey  are  not  forwarded  to  the  Army 
Signal  Office  until  this  ollice  is  satislied  of  their  correctness. 

1  take  this  occasion  to  renew  my  verbal  recjuest  that  all  material  and 
matter  relating  in  any  way  to  signaling  be  submitted  to  this  office  to 
be  noticed  and  considered,  in  order  that  the  Chief  Signal  Officer  may 
be  able  to  keej)  a  connected  and  reliable  record  of  all  subjects  pertain- 
ing to  signals  and  signaling. 

Very  respect  full  v,  your  obedient  servant, 

P.  C.  JOHNSON, 
Captain^  and  Oiief  Signal  Officer,  U.  iS.  iV. 

Capt.  Jno.  G.  Walker,  U.  S.  N., 

Chief  of  Jiiircan  of  N((ri(j(^ti<ni,  d'c, 

Navy  Deput  hiicnt,  Washington,  D.  G. 


»20  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


KEPOKT   OF   THE   SUl'ERIXTENDENT   OF  THE   NAUTICAL 

ALxMANAC. 

Nautical  Almanac  Office, 

Bureau  of  Navigation, 
Washingto)},  J).  C,  September  IG,  1882. 

Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  the  following  report  of  the  opera- 
tions of  this  office  during  the  past  year: 

The  American  Nautical  Almanac  for  the  year  1885  was  issued  from 
the  press  in  January  last,  and  the  large  Ephemeris  in  July. 

A  supplement  to  the  volumes  for  18«l-'84  has  also  been  prepared,  and 
is  now  in  press.  It  comprises  ephemerides  of  the  apparent  right  ascen- 
sions of  175  stars  additional  to  the  regular  list  of  the  Ephemeris,  and  is 
intended  for  the  use  of  field  observers  engaged  on  the  public  surveys, 
who  have  long  felt  the  want  of  it. 

Of  the  Almanac  and  Ephemeris  for  1886,  290  pages  are  now  in  type. 
The  printing,  w  hich  four  years  ago  was  more  than  six  months  in  arrears, 
is  now  fully  brought  up  to  date. 

During  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1882,  269  copies  of  the  large 
Ephemeris  were  sold,  and  643  were  distributed  for  the  public  service 
and  for  scientific  and  educational  purposes.  Of  the  Navigator's  Al- 
manac, 2,459  copies  were  sold.  The  number  sold  at  each  agency  is  as 
follows: 

Boston...' 380 

New  York 1,040 

Philadelphia 490 

Baltimore ^ 41 

Charleston 24 

New  Orleans 49 

Sau  Francisco , 355 

Portland,  Oreg 60 

2,459 

The  computations  on  the  Ephemeris  for  1886  are  nearly  completed, 
with  the  exception  of  the  fixed  stars  and  the  occultatious.  The  compu- 
tations' for  1887  are  in  full  progress,  and  those  for  18f^8  are  being  com- 
menced. Certain  portions  of  the  work  relating  to  the  sun  and  moon 
have  to  be  commenced  far  in  advance  in  order  to  be  available  for  sub- 
sequent computations;  and  the  time  to  be  allowed  for  this  purpose  is 
increased  by  the  fact  that  the  computations  are  performed  by  gentle- 
men residing  at  a  distance  from  the  office.  No  actual  loss  is,  however, 
experienced  from  this  cause,  and  the  only  inconvenience  is  the  amount 
of  correspondence  which  the  management  of  the  work  entails  upon  the 
office. 

The  future  policy  of  the  office  will  probably  be  to  concentrate  the 
work  in  Washington,  but  the  work  of  training  a  new  hand  into  the 
regular  and  exact  performance  of  a  job  of  this  kind  is  So  troublesome 
that  no  change  of  system  is  advisable,  excej)t  as  the  older  hands  retire. 

ASTRONOMICAL  RESEARCHES. 

The  increased  force  at  the  disposal  of  the  office  has  enabled  it  to  push 
forward  the  labor  of  iuvestigating  the  planetary  motions  anew  from  the 
most  modern  data. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       521 

The  followiDg  are  the  principal  works  on  which  progress  has  been 
made  during  the  year : 

Jupiter  and  Saturn. — Mr.  Hill's  work  on  the  perturbations  of  these  two 
planets  by  all  the  others  has  been  continued  by  him  with  his  usual  as- 
siduity during  the  entire  year. 

Tran.nts  of  Mercury. — The  discussion  of  all  observed  transits  of  Mer- 
cury from  1G77  to  1881  has  been  concluded,  and  the  last  sheets  are  now 
in  press.  The  discussion  forms  the  concluding  i)art  of  Vol.  I  of  the 
Astronomical  llesearches  of  the  American  Ei»hemeris. 

Tlieor;/  of  Mercury. — In  order  to  work  up  the  ditlevent  planets  sys- 
tematically, the  inner  one,  Mercury,  was  first  commenced.  The  manu- 
script tables  mentione<l  in  my  last  annual  rei)ort  have  been  used  to  com- 
pare with  meridian  observations  since  17o0,  and  the  computation  of  the 
coefficients  for  the  elements  has  been  commenced. 

Reduction  of  Grecnn-ich  ohi^crrution.H. — A  very  necessai-y  part  of  the 
jjlanetary  work  is  the  determination  of  the  corrections  to  the  older  Green- 
"wich  observations  in  order  to  make  them  correspond  to  the  most  modern 
data.  This  work  has  been  inti  usted  to  Prof.  T.  II.  Sartbrd,  of  Williams 
College,  whose  minute  acquaintance  with  the  older  instruments  and 
methods  of  astronomy,  especially  those  employed  at  the  Greenwich 
Obsen'atory,  eminently  qualifies  liim  for  such  investigations.  He  re- 
ports his  work  as  complete  and  nearly  ready  for  the  i)ress,  and  it  is  in- 
tended to  publish  it  as  a  part  of  Vol.  II  of  the  Astronomical  Papers. 

Reduction  of  occultations. — Little  progress  has  been  made  during  the 
last  year  in  tin;  reduction  of  occultations  since  1750.  Everything  is, 
however,  now  ready  to  push  it  vigorously  forward. 

Development  of  R. — A  new  development  of  the  perturbative  function 
adapted  to  the  practical  work  of  determining  the  ine<iualities  of  the 
planetary  motions  has  been  effected  and  is  now  ready  for  press. 

Velocity  of  light. — The  great  delay  in  seeming  an  appropriation  for 
completing  the  measures  of  the  velocity  of  light  has  interfered  with  the 
progress  of  that  work.  It  has,  however,  been  continued  since  the  new 
appropriation  became  available,  and  the  experiments  are  regardetl  as 
complete.  Attention  has  been  directed  especially  to  the  discovery  of 
any  possible  systematic  error  in  the  working  of  the  apparatus.  Tliere 
has  been  some  reason  to  fear  such  an  error  arising  from  torsional  vibra- 
tion of  the  revolving  steel  mirror,  and  an  arrangement  was  made  in  such 
a  way  as  to  eliminate  this  error  should  it  exist.  The  latest  experiments 
seem  to  indicate  that,  if  it  exists  at  all,  it  is  extremely  minute,  and  that 
a  result  for  this  most  im])ortant  physical  and  astronomical  constant 
will  be  obtained  which  will  command  general  conlidence. 

The  result  of  the  present  experiments  being  ai)preciably  dilferent  from 
those  obtiiined  by  Master  A.  A.  Michelson,  at  the  Naval  Academy,  I 
made  application  to  the  board  of  direction  of  the  Bache  fund  for  a  grant 
to  enable  Mr.  Michelson  to  repeat  his  determination  at  the  Case  Insti- 
tute, in  Cleveland.  His  measures  are  now  in  ])rogress,  but  are  otlicially 
independent  of  the  work  of  this  otlice  in  the  same  direction. 
Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

SIMON  NEWCOMB, 
Superintendent  Xautical  Abnana<:. 

Commodore  J.  G.  Walker,  U.  S.  N., 

Chief  of  Bureau  of  Navigation^  Xavy  Department. 
•  •  •  «  *  •  • 


522  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


llErOKT  OF  THE  CHIEF  OF  THE  BUKEAU  OF  STEAM 
ENGINEElilNG. 

Navy  Department, 
Bureau  op  Steam  Ei^gineering, 

Washington,  November  15,  1883. 

Sir  :  lu  obedience  to  your  order,  I  have  tlie  honor  to  submit  to  the 
department  the  annual  report  of  this  Bureau  for  the  past  year,  together 
with  estimates  for  fiscal  year  1883-'84. 

Amount  appropriated  for  fiscal  yedr  1881-'82,  aqt  approved  February  23, 

1881 $875,000 

Amount  appropriated  to  supply  deficiencies  for  fiscal  year  1^81-'82,  act 

approved  August  5,  1882 212,000 

Total 1,087,000 

EXPENDED. 

For  labor  in  navy-yards  and  stations  in  constructing  new  engines,  boil- 
ers, and  ibeir  dependencies,  repairing  old  boilers,  machinery,  &c., 
and  fitting  vessels  for  sea-service,  preservation  of  tools,  liandling  and 
preservation  of  materials  and  stores 495, 367  80 

Tliepurchaseof  materials,  stores,  machine-tools,  freights,  and  incidental 
expenses 513, 643  80 

For  payment  on  foreign  stations  for  repairs,  materials,  &c 39, 986  89 

Total l,048,f)98  49 

Less  repayment  by  transfers  in  adjustment  of  appropriations 745  74 

Total  expenditures 1,048,252  75 

Balance  on  hand ;?8, 747  25 

This  balance  of  $38,747.25,  however,  is  covered  by  obligations  of  the 
Bureau  for  purchnses,  &c.,  at  home  and  abroad,  the  vouchers  for  wiiieh 
have  not  yet  been  received  or  the  accounts  not  yet  settled. 

There  yet  remains  to  be  paid  from  the  deficiency  a]ipropriatiou,  act 
approved  June  14,  1878,  for  work  not  yet  completed,  the  following 
sums,  viz: 

ToHarlan&  Hollingsworth  Company $12,881  68 

To  William  Cramp  &  Sons 22, 8:>0  00 

Total 35,731  68 

THE  GENERAL  OPERATIONS  OP  THE  BUREAU. 

The  following  will  exhibit  the  character  and  cost  for  labor  and  mate- 
rial of  the  work  done  under  cognizance  of  this  Bureau  for  the  fiscal 
year  ending  June  oO,  1882,  ui)on  the  machinery,  boilers,  &c.,  of  naval 
vessels,  and  tlie  expenditures  for  maintenauce,  &c.,  at  the  several  navy- 
yards  and  stations : 


REPORT  OP  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY. 


523 


Name  of  vpssel 


Alaska 
Adams 
AHianco . 
Asbuelot 

Alert 

Alanu  , 
A.jax 
Bixwiklyu  , 

Colorado. 

Congiesfi 

Canandaigna  . 


Canouicu»      

CoHnti'llation 

Cntuljia. 
Cohasset. 
Despatch . 
Dictator . . 
Essox . 


Kcniarks. 


Kcarsnrgo ;  Hd 

Kausas '  ''i\ 

Lancaster 1  I'd 


Laokaivanna 

Ltduirh 

J..eyil«!n - 

ALiiiou 

Hfouocacy  

iliihiiiHD 

^liiiiii'.sdta , 

jVtaiihnttan 

Moutuuk 

MiantDiionioh 

May  (lower   

Monterey 

Nipsic 

Kaliant 

New  llaiupsLivo 

Omalia 


2d 

Inin-clad 

'^•"S 

3.1 

3d 

-Ith 

l«t 

Iron-dnd 
IroU'Clud 
Iron-dad 
T"K 

?>' 

.'Id 

Iron-clad 
2a 


Ossinee , 

I'owliatau 

PonwR^ola 

Paloa 

Plymouth 


3d  .. 
2d  .. 
2d  .. 
4th  . 
•J.l  . . 


1,  i:)9  03 
275  32 
35,  MS  80 


2, 370  87 
gf)' 


3, 393  09 
275  32 
13, 373  06     49,  790  88 


109 

19,-) 

340 

HO 

1,003 


3, 04fl  77 

31  21 

m  00 

1,  2M  50 

1,277  GO 

19  36 


1,184 

1,5«0 

30.S 

83.-. 

97 

55 


41  7» 
120  25 


3,704  J7 


2,  493  71 

31  !»7 

1,843  11 


10.730  14 

12,  647  25 

3.071  20 

2,371   17 

21 J  38 

1,  402  30 


."i,  3.'0  28 

2.  78-.'  40 

r<U  05 


5,419  C4 
31  21 

2.Vi  1-5 
1,  480  25 
1,617  97 

100  •.:4 

1,  003  49 

41  79 

126  25 
1,  184  (tS 
5,  325  04 

3U8  97 
3,  329  53 

129  21  I 
1,  898  .58 

10, 790  14  , 

12,  ft«7  25  I 

9,  Oil    18. 
5,  133  57  I 

7i':i  43 

1,4(12  30 


In  scrvic* ;  slight  repairs  made. 

In  service;  machinery  repaiitnl. 

In  service;  slight  repairs  niado. 
Do. 

At  Mare  Ishind;  requires  repair. 

At  Norfolk  ;  sundry  i'e[>aira made. 

Heiiig  preserved. 

In  i-ervice;  thorough  repairs  cotu- 
pleted  at  the  New  York  yard. 

Recciving.siii])  at  New  "  York  ; 
Hli!:lit  n-pairn  made. 

Pre.-t  Tviu'^  iiiachinerj"  at  Ports- 
mouth, N.  H. 

Preserving  machinery  at  Norfolk, 
Va. 

Repairs  tolanuch. 

Hnudry  repaii-s  made. 

Slight  n-pairs  to  lannch. 

In  service ;  snndry  repairs  made. 
Do.  ^ 

Do. 

Preserving  machinery. 

Id  service  ;  machinery  repaiitjd  at 
League  Island ;  new  boilers  heiu;; 
built  at  New  York. 

In  service ;  thoroughly  repaire«l  at 
Washington,  with  new  hoilci^. 

In  service  ;  sundry  repairs  made. 

Keceiving-ship  at  Norfolk;  sun 
dry  repairs  made. 

Preserving  machinery  at  Wash- 
ington. 

Being  thoioughly  repaired,  with 
new  boilers. 

In  Service ;  slight  repairs  ina<le. 

lu  ,-tervice;  thoroughlv  repaired, 
with  new  boileis,  at  iJostun. 

In  service ;  thoroughly  repaired, 
with  new  boilers,  at  Mare  Isluud. 

Stores  furnisheil. 

Presorring  material. 

Slight  repairs  to  l.ninch. 

Thorough  repaiis  made,  with  new 
boilers,  nearly  completed,  at 
New  York. 

Pi-eserving  machinery. 

Sundry  repairs  made. 

Machinerv,  boilers,  &c.,  rei)aired 
at  Norfolk. 

In  service;  sundry  repairs  made. 

Preserving  m.ichincry. 

Ill  service;  thorough  repairs,  with 
now  hoilrrs.  completed  at  Ports- 
mouth, N.  H. 

In  service;  sundry  it-pairs  made. 

Pre.serving  machinery. 

Slight  repairs  made. 
Do. 

In  service;  sliglit  repairs  made. 
Do." 

Slight  repairs  made. 

I'l-p.serving  machinery. 

In  service. 

Preserving  machinery. 

Sundry  i-ejiairs  made. 
Do. 

In  service;  slight  n>])aii8  made. 

Preserving  macliiuery. 

Stores,  Jtc,  lor  launch,  and  heat- 
ers. 

Kepaiis  to  muk  hitierv  under  way 
at  Poilsiiiiiuth.  N.  H. 

Under  re)>air  at  I,i.'aj;uo  Isl.ind. 

Ill  .service;  sundry  reiiairs  made. 
Do. 
Do. 

Kngines,  Ac,  disconnected  at 
Poilsiuouth,  N.  H. 


i24 


[•Al'E«S    ACCOMPANYING   THE 


Xame  of  vesnel. 


]*assaic  . 
I'lilox... 
Pil^niin . 
Piuta... 


Quinnobanj 
liichiaond  . 
Kanger  .... 
Eeacue 


Eocket 

Kose 

Sheuandoali  . 

Swatara 

Shawiuiit 

Seawoptl 

Suowdiou  . . . 


Speedwell  . 
Standish... 
Teiinesijoe  . 


Treuton 


Ticonderoga . 
Tiiscarora  . . . 


Tallapoosa. 


Katr 


e  V  o 
P4 


Iron-clad ! 

Tug $820  17 

Tnj; ICO  12 

Tug 22,100  42 


3d  .. 
2d  .. 
3d  .. 
Tug 

Tug 
2d  .. 
3d  . . 
3d  .. 

Tug 

Tng 
Tug 
1st.. 


540  34 

72  73 

.1        90(i  91 

.'    2,140  53 

.1  8  38 

.;  20  25 

.!        082  97 

.'        224  62 

182  50 

300  21 

6, 708  42 

1, 546  73 
2,051  23 
4,  658  40 


Tiiana Tug 

Vaudalia 2d 

Wachusett 3d 

"Wyoming 3d 

"Wabash Ist 

"Worcester i  2d 

"Wyandotte iron-clad 

Yantic !  3d 


195  52 

'iso'si 


2d 0,250  20 

2d I  102  52 

3d '  2,498  09 

4th !  14,760  37 


1, 127  80 
309  02 
312  37 
404  06 


$377  07 
"'266'64 


C,  «8  00 

3,  069  27 

2,476  31 

02  57 


285  07 

3, 577  02 

484  13 


417  55 

389  11 
5, 054  81 
4, 160  10 

24  53 

23  33 


rl   I 


$377  07 

820  17 

366  76 

22, 100  42 

7, 197  40 
3, 142  00 
3,  383  22 
2, 209  10 

8  38 

305  32 
4, 259  99 

708  75 
182  50 

306  21 

7,  215  97 

1,  935  84 
7, 070  34 

8,  818  50 

6,  274  81 

125  85 
2, 498  09 


, 010  01  \  16, 770  36 


177  41 

2,  739  54 

2,  954  31 

49  82 

079  32 


380  03 
1,  501  59 


Kf^inarks. 


1,  305  21 

3,  048  56 

3,266  68 

453  88 

679  32 

195  52 

386  03 

1, 682  43 


In  service;  stores. 
Slight  lepair.i made. 

Do. 
Being  thoroughly  repaired,   with 

new  boilers,  at  Norfolk. 
In  sen'ice  ;  slight  repairs  made. 
Do. 
Do. 
Being  rf])iiired,  \sitb  new  boilers, 

at  Washington. 
Slight  repairs  made. 

Do. 
Being  repaired  at  Boslon. 
In  service;  .slight  re])airs  made. 
Preserving  iiiachiupry. 
Sundry  repair.s  made. 
In    service;    repaiied,    -with  new 

boilers,  at  Norfolk. 
Repaired  \rith  new  propeller. 
Sundry  repairs  made. 
In  service;   machinery,   &;c.,  re- 
paired. 
In  service ;  thorougli  repairs  under 

way  at  Xew  York. 
Slight  repairs  made. 
Work   on   new   boilers    at  Maro 

Island. 
In  service;  thorough  repairs,  •with 

new      boilers,      completed     at 

"W^a.shiugton. 
Kepaired  at  New  York. 
In  service ;  sundrj'  repairs  made 
In  ser^^ce  ;  sliglit  repairs  made. 
Sundry  repairs  made. 
Stores  furnished. 
Preserv'ing  machinery. 
Stores  fviruishe<i. 
In  service  ;  slight  repairs  made. 


Totals ! |428,377  72  1126,092  83  1554,470  55 


Expenditures  at  navy-yards  and  stations  not  included  in  amount  expended  on  nuval  vessels. 


^avy-yard. 


Yard  expenses. 


MisceUaneons. ! 


Total. 


Portsmouth,  X.  H , 

Boston,  Ma^ss 

Brooklyn,  N.  Y 

League  Island,  Pa 

Washington,  I).  C 

2f orfolk,  Va 

Pensacola,  Fla 

Mare  Island,  Cal 

Xow  London,  Conn 

Key  West,  Fla j. 

Tetals 


$19, 
33, 
45, 
20, 
32, 

is, 

60, 
1. 
3, 


766  29 
040  15 
393  47 
028  28 
267  7& 
120  82 
766  37 
916  42 
594  50 
^90  80 


$3, 004  33 

233  09 

23,  274  33 

8,  913  93 

18,  794  20 


996  75 
1,  823  00 


07,  039  03 


$22,  770  02 
.33,  273  24 
68,667  80 
28,  942  21 
51,061  99 
35, 120  82 
13,  763  12 
62,  739  42 
1,594  56 
3,  290  80 


321,  224  58 


NAVY-YAUDS. 

The  departments  under  cognizance  of  tliis  Bureau  at  the  several  navy- 
yards,  under  tbeir  present  organization  and  equipment  are  in  good  work- 
ing condition,  and  will  be  further  improved  for  chea])  and  rapid  con- 
struction of  boilers  when  the  few  machine-tools  lately  purchased  for 
Washington,  Norfolk,  and  Mare  Island  na^'y"-yards  are  erected  in  the 
shops  of  said  yards. 

In  this  connection  I  beg  to  urge  tiiat  the  amount  called  for  in  the 


PtlCrORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    TliE    NAVY.  525 

estimates  for  civil  eiStablisliineiit  herewith  may  be  allowed,  thus  yiNiiig 
the  Burean  two  clerks  at  each  navy-yard. 

With  the  ])res<'ut  ainoiiut  but  one  can  be  paid  from  this  appr(>i)riati()a 
for  each  y;ird,  "svhich  is  insufficient  to  properly  keep  up  tlu*  iccords,  rc- 
l)orts,  &c.,  of  thi.s  Bureau  at  the  yards,  and  in  case  of  sickness  seriouij 
embarrassments  must  arise. 

WORK  REQUIRED. 

The  following  will  show  the  work  required  to  be  done  to  engines,  &c., 
of  naval  steamers  to  lit  tlu'm  for  efficient  sea-service,  all  of  which  is 
subject  to  reports  from  boards  appointed  in  accordance  with  law. 

Adanifi  (od  rate). — Should  have  new  boilers,  for  which  the  material  is 
on  hand  ut  Mare  Island, 

Alliance  (.'id  rate). — liequires  some  overhauling  and  re])air  and  new 
boilers  constructed,  foi-  which  mateinal  is  on  hand  at  Norfolk. 

Ashuelot  (3d  j-ate). — Should  have  thorough  overhauling  and  repair. 

Alert  (;kl  ratej. — Make  thorough  rc^pairs  of  machinery  and  put  in 
new  boilers. 

Aniphiiritv  (iron-clad,  3d  rate). — Requires  new  machinery;  comple- 
tion and  i)utting  on  board  of  new  boilers. 

Ajax  (iron-clad,  4th  rate). — Engines  require  repairs  and  new  boilers. 

Alarm  (tor])edo-ram). — Requires  to  have  steering-propeller  arrange- 
ments overhauled  and  repaired. 

Benicla  (2d  rate). — Engines  require  repairs;  new  boilers  to  be  con- 
structed and  put  in,  for  which  material  is  on  hand  at  Mare  Island. 

Blue  Light  (tug). — Requires  extensive  repairs. 

Colorado  (1st  rate). — Requires  new  boilers,  and  crank  shaft  (on  hand) 
to  be  put  in,  and  machinery  thoroughly  overhauled  and  repaired. 

Canonicm  (iron-clad,  -tth  rate). — Requires  repair  and  new  boilers. 

Catalpa  (tug). — Requires  overhauling  and  repair. 

Dictator  (ironclad,  3d  rate). — Engines  require  repair  and  neAv  boil- 
ers constructed  and  ])ut  in. 

JEssex  (.3(1  rate). — New  boiler  to  be  completed  at  New  York  yard  (ma- 
terial on  hand)  and  ])ut  in  vessel. 

Franklin  (1st  rate). — Requires  new  boilers  (now  on  hand)  to  be  put 
in,  ami  machinery  thoroughly  overhauled  and  repaired. 

Frolic  (Ith  rate). — Requires  thorough  overhauling  and  repair. 

Fortune  (tug).— Complete  repairs  to  engines  and  ])ut  in  new  boilers. 

Glance  (tug). — Requires  repair  and  new  boilers. 

Laclawanna  (2d  rate). — Will  shortly  require  general  overhauling  and 
repair. 

Minnemtta  (1st  rate). — jMachinery  requires  repair  and  new  boiler.s. 

Monongahela  (2d  rate). — J{e<iuires  repair  to  nuichinefy,  and  new  boil- 
ers, material  for  which  is  on  hand  at  Mare  Island. 

Marion  (2d  rate). — Should  have  new  boilers  constructed  and  put  in 
(material  on  hand  at  Washington). 

Mohican  (3d  rate). — Work  should  be  continued  to  com[»letion  on  new 
compound  engines,  &c. 

Monocncy  (3d  rate). — Will  shortly  require  general  overhauling  and 
re})air. 

Monoflnock  (iron-(;lad,  od  rate). — Requires  new  machinery  and  new 
boilers  (on  hand)  put  in. 

Michigan  (4th  rate).  — Bequires  rei)air  ami  new  boilers. 

il/a/topac  (iron-clad,  4th  rate). — liUgines  require  repair,  and  new  boilers 
constructed  and  i)ut  in. 


526  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 

Manhattan  (iron-clsid,  4tli  rate). — Engines  require  repair,  and  new 
boilers  constructed  and  put  in. 

Mayjioioer  (tug). — Requires  some  repairs. 

Few  York  (1st  rate). — Kew  machinery  ready  for  erection  on  board  the 
vessel;  new  boilers  to  be  completed;  material  on  hand. 

Omaha  (2d  rate). — ^Machinery  requires  thorough  overhauling  and 
repair  and  new  boilers  (on  hand)  put  in. 

Ossqiee  (3d  rate). — Machinery  requires  thorough  overhauling  and 
repair,  new  boilers  (material  on  hand)  constructed  and  put  in. 

Poivhatan  (2d  rate). — Machinery  requires  overhauling  and  repair; 
new  boilers  to  be  constructed  and  put  in;  material  on  hand  at  New 
York. 

Plymouth  (2d  rate).— Requires  overhauling,  and  repair  of  engines  and 
boilers. 

Puritan  (iron-clad,  3d  rate). — Requires  new  machinery;  new  boilers 
to  be  completed  and  put  in. 

Rocket  (tug). — Requires  thorough  overhauling  and  repair. 

Shenandoaii  (2d  rate). — Requires  thorough  overhauling  and  repair." 

Saugus  (iron-clad,  4th  rate). — Requires  overhauling  and  repair  and 
new  boilers. 

Seaweed  (tug). — Requires  general  repair. 

Tennessee  (1st  rate). — Will  shortly  require  general  overhauling  and 
repair. 

Ticonderoga  (2d  rate). — Requires  thorough  overhauling  and  repair  of 
machinery;  new  boilers  (material  on  hand)  to  be  constructed  and  put  in. 

Trenton  (2d  rate). — Requires  completion  of  overhauling  and  repair, 
now  under  way  at  New  York. 

Tuscarora  (3d  rate). — Thoroughly  overhauling  and  repairing  of  ma- 
chinery; new  boilers  (material  on  hand)  completed  and  put  in. 

Terror  (iron-clad,  3d  rate). — Requires  new  machinery,  &c. ;  pjBW  boilers 
to  be  completed  and  put  in. 

Vandalia  (2d  rate). — New  boilers  to  be  constructed  and  put  in  (mate- 
rial on  hand)  at  Norfolk  yard. 

Wahash  (1st  rate). — Requires  machinery  to  be  thoroughly  overhauled 
and  repaired ;  new  boilers  (on  hand)  put  in. 

Wachusett  (3d  rate). — Requires  general  overhauling  and  repair. 

Wyoming  (3d  rate). — Machinery  requires  extensive  overhauling  and 
repair,  and  new  boilers  to  be  constructed  and  put  in. 

PERSONNEL  OP  THE  ENGINEER  CORPS. 

The  act  of  Congress  approved  March  3, 1871,  making  appropriations 
for  the  year  ending  Juue  30,  1872,  provided,  in  addition  to  a  certain 
number  of  chief  engineers,  one  hundred  first  assistant  engineers  and 
one  hundred  second  assistant  engineers. 

The  act  of  Congress  approved  Jane  22,  1874,  for  the  better  govern- 
ment of  the  Navy,  provided  that  thereafter  the  number  of  cadet  engi- 
neers appointed  annually  should  not  •exceed  twenty-five. 

To  train  these  young  men  in  the  theoretical  as  well  as  practical  part 
of  their  profession,  the  government  expended  large  sums  of  money  in 
establishing  a  suitable  building,  with  lecture  rooms,  draughting  rooms, 
and  shops  abundantly  supplied  with  tools,  &c.,  with  their  conveniences, 
and  a  corps  of  professors  in  engineering  and  its  collateral  scientific 
branches,  selected  from  the  engineers  of  the  Navy;  so  that  the  Naval 
Academy  at  Annapolis  became  one  of  the  best  schools  for  instruction 
in  engineering  extant. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       527 

The  candidates  for  admission  were  selected  by  competitive  examina- 
tion, and,  as  a  rnlc  young  men  who  had  made  special  pre])aration  at 
our  colleges  and  schools  of  technologj',  as  well  as  other  schools,  were 
admitted,  and  from  these  (after  graduation)  the  vacancies  in  tbe  various 
grades  of  assistant  engineers  were  to  be  filled.  * 

The  value  of  this  school  as  an  institution  of  learning  for  naval  engi- 
neers will  be  understood  from  the  fact  that  annually  there  were  from 
two  to  five  star  men  in  the  graduating  classes,  /.  6".,  men  whose  high 
class  standing,  t&c,  entitled  tliem  to  that  distinction;  and  subsequent 
experience  on  board  sbii)s  and  as  assistapt  i)rofessors  at  the  Academy 
has  shown  them  to  be  fully  capable  of  performing  all  the  responsible 
duties  assigned  them  in  a  most  satisfactory  manner,  and  fully  illustrates 
the  wisdom  of  the  course  at  the  Naval  Academy  in  the  past. 

To  bring  these  youtig  men  up  to  the  standard  referred  to  above  te- 
quired  four  years  of  constant  and  unremitting  study  and  aj^plicatiou 
at  the  Academy;  in  addition  to  this,  the  summer  cruising  allowed  no 
idle  time;  every  hour  had  its  work,  which  could  noi  be  postponed  with- 
out loss,  and  finally,  after  graduation,  a  two  yeais'  cruise,  and  then  an 
examination  for  promotion  to  the  grade  of  assistant  engineer. 

The  same  close  application  and  hard  study  is  exacted  from  the  cadet 
midshipmen,  the  only  ditterence  being  in  the  course  of  study  required 
from  each  and  the  ])eriod  of  graduation  from  the  Academy;  that  of  the 
cadet  engineers  being  at  the  end  of  four  years  and  two  additional  years 
at  sea,  while  that  of  cadet  midshij)men  is  at  the  end  of  six  years. 

Bearing  upon  the  point  1  have  in  view,  I  beg  to  quote  from  the  re- 
ports of  the  Boards  of  Naval  Visitors  to  tbe  Academy  as  follows: 

In  1877  the  Board  of  Visitors  reported  as  follows: 

Owing  to  the  great  advance  in  and  growing  importance  of  the  science  of  steam 
engineering  and  naval  architectnrc,  the-  hoard  arc  of  the  opinion  that  an  advanced 
courao  of  inHtruction,  botli  theoretical  and  practical,  is  desirable  for  cad^t  engineers. 

After  a  most  carcfnl  investigation  into  tbe  present  aduiirablo  conrso  on  these  sub- 
jects, instituted  by  the  Superintendent,  avc  are  forced  to  the  conclusion  that  it  would 
be  inipos8iI)le  to  add  any  more  to  the  same  without  detriment  to  the  other  branches 
necessarily  required  in  the  time  given  for  instruction  at  the  Academy.     »     ♦     » 

We  would  also  recommend  that  a  post-graduate  course  should  bo  given  to  the  mid-' 
shipraon  and  cadet  engineers,  not  specified  above,  which  should  be  cue  that  the 
duties  and  distractions  incident  to  a  life  on  board  ship  shall  not  i)roveut  the  cadet 
complying  fully  with  all  of  its  requirements. 

It  will  be  observed,  from  what  has  been  stated  as  to  the  time  required 
to  prei)are  the  cadets  at  the  Academy  for  future  usefulness  in  the  Navy, 
that  eveiy  hour  liad  to  be  utilized,  and,  with  all  their  advantages  and 
labor,  not  a  year  i)asses  without  some  of  the  students  bring  put  back 
or  requiring  a  second  examination  before  getting  tlieir  <lipl()mas. 

The  Board  of  Visitors  just  quoted  were  im])ressed  with  the  fact  that 
the  period  for  work  at  the  Academy  was  too  short,  in  view  c»f  what  had 
to  be  accomplished;  and  yet,  by  a  recent  regulation  oi"  the  authorities 
at  the  Academy,  the  young  men  are  expectetl  to  actpiire  all  the  knowl- 
edge necessary  to  cojistitute  them  thorough  deck  as  well  as  etigineer 
oificers  in  the  time  usually  allotted  to  each  of  the  two  branches  sepa- 
rately, V.  e.,  four  years;  and  already,  if  I  am  correctly  informed,  some 
of  the  first-class  cadet  engiiuM'rs,  who  in  the  ordinary  course  graduate 
next  June  as  engineers,  are  stationed  Ibr  seamanship  exercises! 

I  respectfully  submit  that  it  is  almost  impossible  to  conceive  of  a 
course  better  calculated  to  destroy  the  usefulness  of  the  Academy  than 
the  one  proposed;  certainly,  none  better  calculated  to  supjdy  the  Navy 
with  young  men  imperfectly  trained  for  the  i)rospective  responsibilities 
of  officers  in  the  Engineers  Corps  of  the  Navy. 


528      ,  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

The  act  of  C'(nij?r«'ss  :ii)i)roved  Auf,nist  5,  LS.S2,  simply  changes  the 
manner  of  ajtpoiiitinji'  cadt't  ciigineer.s  and  the  title  of  both  cadet  engi- 
neers and  midshipiiien,  but  in  my  opinion  does  not  warrant  the  idea 
that  tlie  course  of  study  shall  be  changed  or  that  impossibilities  shall 
be  attempted. 

I  therefore  recommend  that  the  cadets  be  allowed,  upon  euteriug  the 
Academy,  to  elect  which  branch  of  the  service  they  prefer,  i.  e.,  deck  or 
engineer  otlicers,  and  to  pursue  thoroughly  that  course,  of  studies  best 
calculated  to  prei)are  them  for  the  performance  of  the  duties  for  which 
their  abilities  and  inclinations  fit  them. 

This  restxiction  need  not,  hbwever,  interfere  with  the  suggestion  for 
a  post-graduate  course,  which  would  have  the  advantage  of  enabling 
a  man  to  bring  his  general  knowledge  up  to  date,  or  of  investigating 
some  specialty  in  his  own  time  of  awaiting  orders,  and  without  deti'i- 
ment  to  the  interests  of  the  service. 

In  this  connection  I  beg  most  respectfully  to  call  attention  to  some  of 
the  provisions  of  the  act  making  appropriations  for  the  naval  service 
approved  August  5,  1882,  and  to  place  upon  record  my  earnest  objec- 
tions thereto,  particularly  with  reference  to  so  much  of  the  act  as  makes 
the  sweeping  reduction  of  50  per  cent,  of  the  working  force  of  the  Engi- 
neer Corps. 

Of  the  one  hundred  and  sixty-three  passed  and  assistant  engineers 
on  the  list  January  1,  1882,  ninety- six  were  at  sea. 

This  number,  iu  my  judgment,  is  not  too  many  to  insure  the  safety  and 
maintain  the  efficiency  of  the  steam  machinery  of  the  Navy  now  afloat. 

The  act  allows  only  sixty  passed  and  forty  assistant  engineers. 

With  this  reduced  number,  and  with  the  same  number  of  United 
States  naval  steamers  iu  commission  as  at  present,  there  would  be  an 
average  of  a  little  less  than  three  watch  engineers  to  each  ship  iu  com- 
mission ;  but  as  reliefs  have  to  be  provided  for  those  at  sea,  and  an  allow- 
ance made  for  sickness,  &c.,  the  department  could  not  assign  more  than 
one  passed  or  one  assistant  engineer  to  each  ship  at  sea. 

There  is  not,  to  my  knowledge,  a  single  ocean  steamer  in  the  merchau 
marine  to-day  that  is  allowed  only  one  assistant  engineer,  and  when 
this  reduction  is  fully  made  as  contemplated  by  said  act,  its  result  can 
only  be  a  great  want  of  efficiency,  the  imperilment  of  lives  and  public 
property,  and  a  very  largely  increased  expenditure  for  repairs  to  boilers 
and  machinery. 

Some  provision  must  be  made  for  the  care  and  management  of  the 
steam  machinery  of  the  Navy,  as  it  is  physically  impossible  to  keep 
officers  of  the  Engineer  Corps  at  sea  continuously,  and  equally  impossible 
for  one  assistant  to  perform  all  the  duties  required  of  an  engineer  in  the 
engineer  department  of  a  war  steamer. 

The  only  recourse  must  necessarily  be  the  employment  of  mechanics 
or  machinists,  so  called.  Such  a  system,  after  a  trial  of  eleven  years  in 
our  Navy,  had  to  be  abandoned  for  the  reason  that  competent  respected 
mechanics  could  not  be  found,  and  with  such  as  were  obtained  tlic 
record  shows  that  the  repairs  required  to  machinery  were  numerous 
and  extensive,  often  involving  the  expenditure  of  large  sums  of  money. 
Every  inducement  was  held  out  to  secure  and  retain  good  men :  their 
pay  was  increased  from  $55  a  month  to  861.50,  then  to  $76.50,  the  lat- 
ter but  little  less  than  the  pay  of  the  educated  cadet  engineer ;  but  all  to 
no  purpose,  for  none,  with  a  few  rare  exceptions,  except  the  idle  or  the 
intemperate,  would  enlist,  and  in  the  case  of  the  exceptions  noted  many 
availed  themselves  of  the  first  opportuhity  and  obtained  their  discharge. 


REPORT    OF    TJfE    .SECRETARY    OF   THE    NAVY.  529 

It  must  also  be  borne  in  mind  in  considering*  the  machinist  system 
that  the  United  States  has  no  large  merchant  steam  marine  like  Great 
Britain  from  which  to  draw  a  supply  of  machinists  thoroughly  trained 
in  the  duties  of  the  engine-room.  It  has  been  asserted  that  the  engin- 
eer department  of  the  iJritish  navy  is  managed  upon  this  principle. 
This  is  not  strictly  true;  but  granting  it  for  the  present,  it  must  be  re- 
membered that  the  social  system  prevailing  in  Great  Britain  is  vastly 
diflerent  from  that  in  the  United  States.  In  the  former  country  the 
laborer,  the  mechanic,  the  artist,  and  the  merchant  are  educated  from 
childhood  in  the  belief  that  those  in  official  i)ositious  in  the  army  and 
navy  and  nobility  are  of  gentle  blood,  a  higher  race  of  beings  than 
themselves,  occupying  a  plane  whose  level  they  never  can  attain.  2S'ot 
so  in  the  United  States.  Here  every  boy  is  taught  that  he  is  a  possible 
-'President,''  and  the  intelligent,  educated  American  mechanic  is  not 
less  amljitious  than  his  fellow-men  in  other  walks  of  life  in  his  efforts  to 
elevate  himself  and  family  in  rank  or  standing  among  them. 

Whenever  Congress  says  to  the  laboring  and  mechanical  classes  of 
this  countiy  that,  whatever  jour  merits  may  be,  you  cannot,  shall  not, 
rise  above  the  social  scale  in  which  you  were  born,  and  this  declaration, 
is  acquiesced  in  by  the  jjublic,  then,  and  not  till  then,  will  the  Navy  bo 
able  to  obtain  such  a  class  of  skilled  mechanics  by  enlistment  as  is 
easily  to  be  had  in  England  and  other  monarchial  countries. 

As  stated  above,  the  machinist's  system  does  not  prevail  in  the  Brit- 
ish service  to  the  extent  that  this  act  will  render  necessary  in  our  naval 
service,  as  will  be  seen  from  the  fact  that  in  June,  1881,  there  were  one 
hundred  and  nineteen  steamers  in  the  English  navy  in  commission,  and 
seven  hundred  and  thirty-six  engineers  on  the  list,  which  gives  a  little 
more  than  six  engineers  to  each  shii)  in  active  service,  or  about  double 
the  number  that  said  act  will  allow  to  each  ship  in  active  service  in  our 
Navy. 

1  respectfully  submit  that,  while  it  is  contemplated  to  complete  onp 
or  more  of  the  monitor  vcvssels,  requiring  from  five  to  seven  engineers  to 
each,  as  well  as  to  build  new  steamers,  any  reduction  in  the  number  of 
engineer  officers  will  be  detrimental  to  the  best  interests  of  the  govern- 
ment. 

I  therefore  respectfully  recommend  that  Congress  may  ^>e  asked  to  so 
far  modify  tlie  act  api)roved  August  5,  1882,  in  relation  to  the  number 
of  assistant  engineers  on  the  active  list,  as  to  allow  the  number  provided 
for  under  act  ai)provcd  ^larch  3,  1871,  that  is,  one  hundred  passed  as- 
sistant engineers  and  one  hundred  assistant  engineers,  with  the  relative 
rank  for  each  as  now  fixed  by  law. 

ESTIMATE   OF  APPROPRIATIONS. 

1  have  the  honor  to  submit  herewith  the  annual  estimates  of  this  Bu- 
reau for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  188^. 
Very  respectfully, 

w.  n.  SHOCK, 

Chief  of  Bureau . 
Hon.  William  E.  Chandlier, 

Hecrciarij  of  the  Xai'j/. 

•  •»••♦# 

34  Ab 


530  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

EEPOKT  OF   CHIEF  OF  THE   BURlilAU  OF  (JONSTRUCTION 

AND  REPAIR. 

Navy  J^bpartment, 
Bureau  of  Construction  and  Repair, 

November  U,  1882. 

Sir:  In  compliance  with  your  iiistnictioiis  of  the  28th  ultimo,  I  have 
the  honor  to  state  that  for  the  purposes  of  this  Bureau  there  will  be  re- 
quired for  the  liscal  year  ending  June  30, 1884,  the  sum  of  $6,382,807.75, 
as  shown  in  the  accompanying  papers  marked  A,  B,  C;  also  statements 
of  the  work  performed  and  amounts  expended  during  the  past  fiscal 
year. 

The  estimate  of  the  expenses  of  this  Bureau,  as  given  in  the  state- 
ment marked  A,  is  in  accordance  with  existing  laws.  ' 

The  estimate  of  the  pay  of  clerks  and  writers  at  the  different  navy- 
yards,  in  the  tabular  statement  marked  C,  is  for  the  service  of  persons 
who  cannot  be  dispensed  with.  The  present  appropriation  for  the  em- 
ployment of  this  class  of  clerks  is  inadequate  for  the  proper  execution 
of  duties  necessary  to  keep  correct  accounts  of  materials  purchased  and 
expended  and  of  the  labor  performed.  Capable  iiersons  are  required 
for  this  class  of  work. 

The  estimate  marked  B  is  for  the  preservation  of  vessels  on  the  stocks 
and  in  ordinary,  purchase  of  materials  and  stores  of  all  kinds,  labor 
in  navy-yards,  &c.,  and  for  the  general  care  and  protection  of  the  Na^'y. 

The  sum  of  $500,000  is  required  to  complete  the  New  York,  at  the 
Brooklyn  yard,  and  the  Mohican,  at  the  Mare  Island  yard.  The  New 
York,  now  in  position  on  the  stocks  in  one  of  the  ship-houses,  has  a  live- 
oak  frame,  and  from  the  fact  that  she  has  been  under  cover  and  not 
planked  or  ceiled,  the  air  has  circulated  freely,  and  her  frame,  beams, 
&c.,  are  in  a  good  condition  of  preservation  to-day.  A  portion  of  her 
keel,  which  is  of  white  oak,  will  have  to  be  renewed.  Although  this 
vessel  was  designed  and  commenced  in  18GJj,  she  is  a  very  fine  model, 
and  if  finished  will  give  us  another  good  flag-ship,  the  want  of  which 
is  seriously  felt.  Her  length  on  the  mean  load  line  is  315  feet;  extreme 
breadth  of  beam,  47  feet ;  depth  from  lower  edge  of  rabbet  of  keel  to 
lowest  port-sill  on  gun-deck  is  25  feet  11  inches.  She  is  designed  to 
have  a  ship's  rig,  having  24,000  square  feet  of  sail  surface  in  her  ten 
l)rincipal  sails.  Her  armament  will  be  equal  to  sixteen  9-iuch  guns  on 
her  gun-deck,  two  100-pounder  rifles  and  one  GO-pouuder  rifle  on  her 
spar-deck.  Her  displacement  at  a  draught  of  18  feet  9  inches  forward 
and  21  feet  5  inches  aft  would  be  equal  to  4,527  tons,  and  her  lowest 
port-sill  would  be  8  feet  above  water. 

The  Bureau  has  nearly  completed  the  plans  for  finishing  her,  and  is 
ready  to  i)roceed  with  the  work  at  any  time.  She  is  intended  to  have 
full  steam-power  and  a  speed  of  14  knots. 

In  completing  this  vessel  it  is  proposed  that  all  the  planking,  ceiling, 
decks,  and,  in  fact,  all  wood  materials  excepting  joiners'  work,  shall  be 
such  as  have  first  been  iireserved  by  the  Thilmany  process  for  impreg- 
nating ship-timber,  by  which  the  lifetime  of  the  vessel  will  be  very 
much  prolonged.  From  experiments  that  have  been  made,  there  is  no 
doubt  that  this  process  prevents  the  decay  of  timber  by  dry  rot,  and 
the  worm  will  not  cut  wood  treated  in  this  way.  All  ship-timber,  knees, 
&c.,  required  for  repairing  extensively  our  wooden  vessels  should  be 
put  through  this  process,  and  it  is  recommended  that  all  wood  materials 
'suitable  for  it,  now  on  hand  at  the  different  navy-yards  on  the  Atlantic 
coast  beshii)ped  to  the  Boston  yard  and  returned  after  having  been  im- 
pregnated. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       531 

The  work  on  the  Moliican,  now  on  the  stocks  in  the  Mare  Island  yard, 
should  be  pushed  to  completion  this  year,  as  th(;  vessel  has  already  suf- 
fered somewhat  from  beiu^  out  in  the  open  air  exposed  to  th«i  weather. 
Her  frame  is  of  live  oak,  and  if  she  is  completed  will  give  us  another 
vessel  of  the  Clarion  and  Swatara  class,  a  very  successful  and  satis- 
factory class  of  vessels.  She  is  210  feet  between  perpendiculars,  38  feet 
breadth  of  beam,  ship-rigged,  having  a  sail  surCace  of  14,lo0  square 
feet  in  her  ten  principal  sails.  Like  the  other  \'essels,  she  can  carry  an 
armament  of  one  8-inch,  six  9-inch,  one  (JO-pounder,  or  its  equivalent  in 
weight  of  more  modern  guns.  Her  draught  of  water,  when  ready  for 
sea,  is  intended  to  be  14  feet  G  inches  forward  and  17  feet  0  inches  aft, 
and  at  this  draught  her  displacement  will  be  1,800  tons. 

The  sum  of  $2,080,000  is  asked  for  the  purpose  of  buildiug  two  steel 
cruisers, -as  i)rovided  for  by  the  first  session  of  the  Forty-seventh  Con- 
gress.   This  estimate  is  only  for  work  called  ibr  under  tliis  Bureau. 

Two  million  dollars  will  be  required  to  complete  the  doublc-turreted 
monitors  Puritan,  Terror,  Monadnock,  and  Amphitrite.  These  vessels 
were  examined  by  competent  boards  of  officers,  in  compliance  with  a 
Joint  resolution  of  the  second  session  of  the  Forty-sixth  Congress,  and 
the  conclusions  reached  by  the  three  boards  were  that  it  would  l)e  to 
tlie  interest  of  the  government  to  complete  these  monitors,  but  upon 
plans  somewhat  different  from  those  originally  contemplated.  The 
principal  changes  recommended  by  the  majority  of  the  members  of 
these  three  boards  were  the  substitution  of  the  compound  or  steel-faced 
armor  for  the  iron,  and  new  long-range  rifles  for  the  smooth-bores.  In 
the  case  of  the  Puritan,  10-inch  steel-faced  or  compound  armor  was 
recommended,  instead  of  12-inch  iron  armor,  as  first  designed.  In  my 
opinion  it  is  decidedly  to  the  interest  of  the  government  to  finish  these 
vessels.  They  are  built  of  the  best  American  iron,  with  double  bottoms, 
and  are  intended  to  be  finished  with  all  modern  appliances  of  iron-clads 
of  their  class  and  type.  The  plans  for  finishing  these  vessels  as  per 
reports  of  the  boards  referred  to  are  now  about  completed,  and  ready 
for  use  whenever  authority  is  given  to  proceed  with  the  work.  AVhen 
completed,  they  will  be  as  effective  vessels  as  any  of  their  class  owned 
by  foreign  powers.  A  comparison  of  war  vessels  should  be  made  by 
comparing  those  of  like  types  and  classes,  not  with  unlike. 

Nothing  has  as  yet  bepn  done  relative  to  obtaining  the  materials  for 
the  turrets  and  pilot-houses  and  armored  stack  of  the  monitor  jMianto- 
nomoh,  as  the  Bureau  of  Ordnance  has  not  yet  fully  decided  upon  the 
character  of  the  turrets,  &c.,  and,  until  it  does,  nothing  further  can  be 
done  by  this  Bureau.  In  the  mean  time,  this  Biu'eau  has  had  built  a 
square  timber  crib  around  the  base-ring  of  the  forward  and  after  tur- 
rets, and  around  the  base  of  the  smokestack,  and  chain  cables  and 
kentledge  corresponding  with  the  weight  of  the  turrets;  pilot-house, 
guns,  and  armored  stack  have  been  weighed  and  put  inside  of  those 
cribs;  the  weight  of  the  ammunition  shot  and  shell  has  been  put  in 
tlio  magazines  and  shell-rooms,  by  using  a  corresponding  weight  of 
empty  shell;  the  coal  bunkers  have  been  filled  with  coal,  and  other 
outfits,  equipments,  and  stores  of  various  kinds  put  aboard,  so  that  tlu5 
vessel  will  be  in  a  few  days  at  her  sea-draught,  as  designed,  and  a  trial 
of  speed  can  then  be  made,  both  in  the  river  and  at  sea,  with  perfect 
safety. 

Believing  that  any  person  can  form  a  much  better  idea  of  the  value 
of  these  vessels  from  an  actual  observation  on  board  of  one,  1  would 
respectfully  suggest  that  after  the  Miantonomoh  has  been  dockiMl  at 
Norfolk,  her  bottom  cleaned,  an<l  a  trial  had  of  her  speed,  she  l)e  brought 
to  Washington  and  anchored  in  the  Potomac  Kiver,  in  order  to  give. 


532  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

our  Senators,  liei»rc8entiitives,  and  others  ii  chance  to  visit  and  inspect 
her,  and  thereby  become  better  acquainted  with  the  character  and 
merits  of  this  class  of  vessels. 

The  tipprdpriation  for  this  Bureau  for  tlie  fiscal  year  eudiug  June  30, 

18S'2,  was P,  500,000  00 

hens  juijouni,  f-xpeiidccl  in  repairintj  the  U.  S.  S.  LancaHtor  and  Brook- 
lyn from  March  1,  IbSl,  to  June  30,  1881,  in  accordance  with  the  pro- 
viHions  of  the  act  :ii)proved  Fobrnary  23,  1881 130,93»j  00 

Total... 1,^}69,064  00 

Expended  from  July  1.  1881.  to  June  30,  1882: 

For  labor  at  the  navy-yards §1 ,  068, 099  43 

For  materials,  &c 279,130  9«; 

1^  ;>47^  aaO  39 

Balance  ou  hand  July  1,  1882 21,233  61 

Additional  appropriation,  act  of  August  5,  1882 75, 000  00 

96,233  (il 

Vessels  rexmlrcd  at  the  different  navy-yards  during  the  fiscal  year  1881-82. 

Adams.  Iroquois.  Now  Hampshire.  Saratoga. 

Alarm.  Jamestown.  Omaha.  Saint  Louis. 

Alliance.  .Jean  Sands.  Ossipee.  Snowdrop. 

Brooklyn.  .Juniata.  Passaic.  Speedwell. 

Despatch.  Kearsarge.  Pensacola.  Standish. 

Emerald.  Lackawanna.  Pinta.  Tallapoosa. 

Ente.rprise.  Lancaster.  Portsmouth.  Tennessee. 

Essex.  Mayflower.  Powhatan.  Trenton. 

Franklin.  Miantonomoh.  Quinnebaug.  Tuscarora. 

Hartford.  Mohican.  Kanger.  Wyandotte. 

Vessels  tvhich  had^only  minor  repairs  done  to  the)n. 

Alaska.  Constitution.  Leyden.  Pilgrim, 

^jax.  Dictator.  Manhattan.  Plymouth. 

Benicia.  Fortune.  Monaduock.  Shenandoah. 

Burlington.  Frolic.  Minnesota.  Supply. 

Camanohe.  Glance.  Montauk.  Triana. 

Catalpa.  Guard.  Monterey.  Vandalia. 

Catskill.  Intrepid,  Nahant.  Wabash. 

Cohasset.  Jason.  Nanragansett.  Yantic. 

Colorado.  Lehigh. 

■  The  following  table  shows  the  number,  rate  or  classes,  and  condition 
of  vessels,  as  per  l^avy  Kegister: 


No. 


Kate  or  class. 


1st  rate . 


Displacement. 


Condition. 


Hemarks. 


Tons. 

4,840 


2drato 2,100  to3,9S0 

3(1  rate j  000  to  1,900 

4th  rate 420  to  1,270 

4th-rate  monitors  .  1, 875  to  2, 100 

1st  rate •  4, 650  to  5, 170 


Serviceable i  Tliis  vessel,  the  Tennessee,  will  be  of 

service  perh.'ips  one  year  longer ;  then 
I      she  sliould  be  lUsposed  of. 


2d  rat* 

Sdrate  monitors  .. 
4th-rate  monitor  .. 
1st,  2d,  3d,  and  4th 
i-ates 

Tnaa    

Saiung  vessels 
Ist  rate 


2,400 

3, 815  to  4,  500 

2,100 

900  to  5,  440 


....do , 

....do 

....do 

...  do 

Kequiring  exten- 
sfVo  repairs. 

do 

....do , 

...do 

Unserviceable  . . . 


Tlie  Xew  York,  on  the  stoclts  at  tlie 
Brooklyn  yard,  recommended  to  In- 
completed. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       533 

Among  the  fourteen  second-rates  reported  to  be  serviceable  Ih  tlie 
Powhatan,  a  very  okl  side-wlieel  steamer,  which  has  been  and  can  yet 
be  made  very  useful,  but  if  kept  in  service  many  years  longer  must 
have  extensivfe  rei)airs. 

The  repairs  to  the  Trenton  have  been  commenced  at  the  ^ew  York 
yard.    Eight  months  will  be  required  to  complete  her  ready  for  service. 

The  Pensacola  needs,  or  will  soon  need,  extensive  repairs. 

The  Omaha  is  rebuilding  at  the  Portsmouth  (X.  E.)  yard,  and  when 
hnished  will  have  a  complete  live-oak  frame,  a  ventilating  apparatus, 
and  12-inch  round  air  ports  of  the  Bureau's  design.  All  of  the  material 
for  planking,  ceiling,  and  decks  will  be  of  yellow  x)Uio,  impregnated,  or 
preserved  under  the  Thilmany  process. 

The  Ticonderoga  is  in  ordinary  at  the  New  York  yard,  and  if  repaired 
this  ye.ir  it  can  be  done  more  economically  than  later,  as  wooden  ves- 
sels deteriorate  much  faster  when  out  of  commission  and  laid, up  in 
ordinary  than  when  in  commission  and  well  cared  for. 

The  Monongahela  is  in  ordinary  at  the  Mare  Island  yard,  and  will 
require  extensive  repairs  to  i)ut  her  in  order  for  sea  service. 

The  Shenandoah  has  just  been  taken  in  hand  for  repairs  at  the  Bos- 
ton yard,  and  will  be  completed  in  about  six  months. 

Of  the  twenty-two  third-rates  reported  to  be  in  a  serviceable  condi- 
tion there  is  included  the  Ossipee,  now  undergoing  extensive  repairs  at 
the  League  Island  yard. 

The  Swatara,  now  on  her  way  home  from  China,  and  the  Marion,  on 
her  wiiy  home  from  the  South  Atlantic  station,  wiU  require  extensive 
repairs. 

The  Wachusett,  just  airived  at  the  Mare  Island  j'aid, reciuires  repairs. 

The  Wyoming,  heretofore  used  as  a  store-ship  at  Port  Eoyal,  S.  C, 
has  recently  been  turned  over  to  the  JSTaval  Academy,  to  be  used  as  a 
practice  ship,  and  can  no  longer  be  considered  among  the  effective  ves- 
sels of  the  Navy. 

The  Tuscarora  is  in  ordinary  at  the  Mai-e  Island  yard,  and  it  is  very 
doubtful  if  she  is  worth  repairing. 

The  Alert,  an  iron  vessel,  is  undergoing  repairs  at  the  Mare  Island 
yard,  and  can  be  made  ready  for  service,"so  far  as  this  liureau  is  con- 
cerned, by  an  expenditure  of  about  .$15,000. 

The  Ranger,  a  sister  ship  of  the  Alert,  has  just  been  completed,  and 
is  now  ready  for  service. 

The  six  fourth-rates  said  to  be  in  a  serviceable  condition  include  the 
Palos,  an  iron  tug,  built  up  on  and  sent  to  China.  She  is  reported  to 
be  in  very  bad  condition. 

The  Alarm  is  out  of  commissioh,  at  the  Norfolk  yard,  her  propeller 
and  steering  apparatus  having  given  out. 

The  Intrepid  is  out  of  commission,  at  the  New  York  yard.  In  the 
opinion  of  the  Bureau  this  vessel  can,  by  taking  oft"  her  side  armor, 
armored  stack,  and  ])ilot-house,  be  converted  into  a  light-draught  gun- 
boat for  use  on  the  Asiatic  station.  She  can  be  luig-rigged,  an«l  ar- 
ranged to  carry  two  8-inch  converted  rilles.  The  Bureau  is  now  ])re- 
paring  jdaus  for  her  conversion,  and  recommends  that  the  alterations 
called  for  be  made  at  once. 

Thirteen  of  the  monitors,  fourth-rates,  considere<l  serviceable  are  sta- 
tioned as  follows: 

Ajax,  at  City  Point,  in  ordinary. 

Canonicus,  at  Norfolk,  in  ordinary. 

(Jaman(;he,  at  Mare  Lslaml,  in  ordinary. 

Cutskill,  at  City  Point,  in  ordinary. 


534  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYINO   THE 

Jason,  at  League  Island,  in  ordinary. 

J;(*liij;li,  lit  City  Point,  in  ordinary. 

Maliopac,  at  City  Point,  in  ordinary. 

Manhattan,  at  City  Poijit,  in  ordinary. 

Montanlc,  in  commission. 

Xaliant,  in  commission. 

Passaic,  in  commission. 

Xantucket,  in  commission. 

\\'yandotte,  in  commission  as  receiving  ship. 

Tiie  following  twenty -two  unserviceable  vessels  should  be  disposed  of, 
and  their  names  stricken  from  the  Navy  Kegister:  Niagara,  Connecti- 
cut, Pennsylvania,  Java,  Iowa,  Antietam,  Florida,  Susquehanna,  Con- 
gress, Worcester,  Canandaigua,  Beuicia,  Narragansett,  Nyack,  Saco, 
Shawmut,  Kansas,  Frolic,  Colossus,  Massachusetts,  Oregon,  and  Koa- 
uoke. 

They  are  utterly  worthless  for  naval  purposes,  but  have  to  be  pro- 
tected, from  lire  and  thieves,  and  the  expense  to  this  Bureau  for  shii)- 
keepers  alone  amounts  to  over  $30,000  annually;  and  this  expense  is 
increased  when  the  labor  of  pumping,  shoveling  snow  off,  and  other  in- 
cidentals are  added. 

Of  the  twenty-five  tugs  borne  on  the  Navy  Register  the  following 
should  be  disposed  of: 

Burlington,  an  old  iron  ferry-boat,  laid  up  at  League  Islandj  of  no 
use  to  the  government. 

Kose,  a  wooden  tug,  at  Pensacola,  in  a  badly-decayed  condition  5  not 
worth  repairing. 

Seaweed  is  nothing  more  than  a  large  pleasure  launch,  at  Port  Eoyal, 
S.  C. 

Sorrel,  a  wooden  tug  at  League  Island,  is  so  far  decayed  she  had  to 
be  hauled  on  the  flats  to  keep  her  above  water. 

Blue  Light,  an  old,  useless  wooden  tug,  laid  up  at  New  London,  re- 
quiring extensive  repairs. 

The  following  should  be  classed  as  ferry-boats,  and  so  designated  on 
the  Navy  Register: 

Emerald,  running  between  Eattery  yard  and  Portsmouth,  N.  H. 

Nellie,  running  between  Mare  Island  yard  and  Vallejo,  Cal. 

l*hlox,  running  between  Naval  Academy  and  Baltimore,  Md.  (under- 
going repairs). 

This  would  reduce  the  number  of  tugs  on  the  Navy  Register  to  sev- 
enteen, ten  of  which  are  of  iron,  and  nearly  aU  in  good  condition,  so  far 
as  known. 

Of  the  twenty-three  sailing  vessels,  thirteen  should  be  disposed  of, 
and  the  following  named  retained  for  receiving,  training,  and  practice 
ships  until  the  condition  of  their  hulls  renders  extensive  repairs  neces- 
sary, when  they  also  should  be  disposed  of:  New  Hampshire,  Vermont, 
Constellation,  Constitution,  Portsmouth,  Jamestown,  Saratoga,  St. 
Louis,  St.  Mary's,  and  Dale. 

This  Bureau  has  expended  during  the  past  three  years  on  vessels 
comprising  the  training  squadron  the  sum  of  $193,668. 

Among  the  vessels  borne  on  the  Navy  Register  as  requiring  extensive 
repairs  are  the  Franklin,  Colorado,  Wabash,  and  JMinuesota,  which 
should  be  classed  as  unserviceable  for  any  pur])ose  excei>t  as  receiving 
ships;  even  for  this  service  they  are  expensive.  The  Puritan,  Terror, 
Monadnock,  and  Amphitrite  should  be  borne  on  the  Register  as  ''new 
vessels  in  course  of  constiuction."  The  Miantonomoh  is  comple  jd, 
except  her  turrets,  pilot-house,  and  armored  smoke-stack.    The  Dicta- 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       535 

tor  is  uudoubtedly  unlit  lor  any  use,  and  it  would  be  a  waste  of  IVinds 
to  undertake  to  repair  her.  She  has  a  sinjiie  bottom  and  wooden  deck- 
beams;  her  phmking  is  covered  with  iron,  having  thin,  himfnated  tar- 
rets  and  side-armor. 

The  Saugus  requires  exten.sive  repairs,  but  shouhl  be  carefully  sur- 
veyed before  having  anything  done  to  her. 

The  plan  pro])osed  by  Mr.  Harris,  of  the  House  Naval  Committee  of 
the  Forty-fifth  Congress,  for  disposing  of  the  old  vessels  of  the  Navy, 
is,  in  uiy  oi)inion,  the  best  yet  suggested.  His  idea  was  that  no  vessel 
should  be  rei)aired  which  would  cost  over  40  per  cent,  of  her  original 
cost,  or  the  cost  of  a  new  sliii)  of  like  materials  at  the  present  time, 
unless  recommended  by  a  board  of  officers;  the  money  accruing  Irom 
the  sales  of  condemned  vessels  afloat  to  be  used,  so  far  as  may  be  neces- 
sary, in  the  destruction  of  vessels  now  on  the  stocks. 

There  are  a  good  many  vessels  on  the  stocks  that  have  remained  in 
an  uncompleted  condition  since  the  late  war,  and  some  longer.  They 
are  now  so  lar  decayed  that  they  must  be  tlestroyed  where  they  are, 
and  it  would  be  much  better  to  liave  this  done  by  navy-yard  employiis 
than  by  coutra<"t  with  outside  jiarties,  who  would  not  be  subject  to 
navy-yard  regulations  and  would  claim  the  free  use  of  the  tools  and  ap- 
pliances of  the  yard.  If  private  parties  find  it  i)rofitable  to  come  into 
our  nav}' -yards  to  break  up  these  vessels,  it  will  ])ay  tlie  government 
equally  well  to  have  the  work  done  by  its  own  emidoyes. 

With  regard  to  the  double-turreted  monitors,  Massachusetts,  at  the 
Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  yard;  the  Oregon,  at  the  Boston  yard,  and  the  Co- 
lossus, at  the  New  York  yard,  the  iron-truss  frames  in  these  vessels 
cost  $157,000  each,  and,  being  keyed  together,  they  could  all  be  readily 
and  economically  removed,  shipped  to  the  Washington  yard,  and  worked 
over  into  such  sizes  as  may  be  required  for  use  in  new  vessels,  and  the 
copper  materials  put  into  sheets  and  bolts  for  future  use. 

None  of  the  old  iron  materials,  such  as  turret  plates,  gear,  &:c.,  should 
be  disposed  ol^  as  they  can  all  be  reworked  ijito  such  sizes  and  shapes 
as  will  be  required  in  future. 

In  connection  Avith  this  matter,  1  would  respectfully  call  your  atten- 
tion to  the  necessity  of  providing  our  ])rincipal  navy -yards  with  such 
tools  as  they  may  need  in  addition  to  those  now  on  hand,  for  the  i)ur- 
pose  of  building  and  re])airing  steel  and  iron  shii)S.  While  the  iron 
shipbuilding  firms  of  this  country  are  undoubtedly  ])repared  for,  and 
could,  in  the  event  of  war,  build  very  many  ships,  the  ex])eiience  dur- 
ing the  late  (;ivil  war  has  sho\\n  that  the  entire  shipbuilding  interests 
of  the  country,  together  with  all  our  northern  navy  yaids.  were  taxed 
to  their  utmost  capacity.  If  this  was  the  case  then,  we  would  labor  at 
a  great  disadvantage  in  the  event  of  a  foreign  war  if  we  had  to  depend 
entirely  upon  outside  builders.  The  sum  of  $15(),000  exju'uded  for  such 
tools  would,  in  my  opinion,  be  suflicient  to  put  our  yartls  in  good  order 
for  this  class  of  work. 

I  desire  to  especially  invite  your  attention  to  the  necessity  for,  as  well 
as  the  great  advantage  the  government  wouhl  derive  Irom,  the  building 
of  a  suitable  dry-dock  at  the  League  Island  navy-yard. 

In  fitting  the  Constitution  to  carry  goods  to  the  Taris  Exposition,  it 
was  necessary  to  dock  the  ship,  and  outside  i>arties  had  to  be  depended 
upon ;  though  satisfactory  arrangements  were  made  in  this  case,  great 
delay  and  inconvenience  might  occur  in  an  emergency,  such  as  our  ina- 
bility to  obtain  the  use  of  a  dock  belonging  to  private  parties. 

There  are  but  few  foreign  governments  possessing  navy-yards  tliat 


536  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 

are  not  in  better  condition  foi-  docking  tlieii-  vessels  at  tliis  time  than 
our  own. 

The  turnin<;-f]:ate.s  and  caisson  of  the  dry-dock  at  the  Boston  yard  are 
in  an  unsafe  condition,  and  witli  a  few  thousand  dollars  expended  upon 
them  could  be  made  good  for  some  time  to  come.  The  docking  of  the 
Powhatan  is  now  delayed  in  consequence  of  repairs  of  a  temporaly 
character  being  made  ui)on  them  in  order  that  the  ship  may  be  docked. 
These  turning  gates  should  be  put  in  order  without  further  delay,  as  it 
is  risky  to  dock  a  vessel  for  extensive  repairs  without  it. 

]Sro\v  that  the  four  sections  of  the  floating  dock  are  at  the  Pensacola 
yard,  and  the  new  caisson  has  been  built,  I  would  resi)ectfully  urge  upon 
the  department  the  necessity  for  putting  these  sections  in  order  for  use, 
and  that  two  more  be  built,  so  that  the  docks  may  be  used  to  good  advan- 
tage in  docking  a  vessel  at  that  place.  The  sections  are  now  of  no  use. 
and  when  put  together  will  only  take  out  a  moderate-sized  vessel.  1 
would  also  urge  the  speedy  completion  of  the  stone  dry-dock  at  the 
Mare  Island  yard. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  very  respectfully,  your  obedieut  servant, 


Hon.  Wm.  E.  Chandler, 

Secretary  of  the  Navy. 


T.  I>.  WILSON, 
Chief  of  Bureau. 


MEMOEANDUM  OF  THE  NAVAL  ADVISORY  BOARD. 

Naval  Advisory  Board, 

Washington^  November  21,  1882. 
Sir  :  The  Naval  Advisory  Board  recommends  to  the  honorable  the 
Secretary  of  the  Navy  that  there  be  constructed,  in  addition  to  the  two 
cruisers  already  authorized  to  be  built,  two  of  the  ten  second-rate,  sin- 
gle-decked, steel,  unarmored  cruisers  recommended  by  the  late  Naval 
Advisory  Board,  the  displacement  being  limited,  however,  to  about 
2,500  tons  each,  with  a  speed  of  not  less  than  13  knots,  and  at  a  cost 
each — 

To  construction §425,000 

To  engines 235,000 

To  ordnance 164,820 

To  equipment 50,000 

Total 924,825 

The  battery  to  consist  of  eight  6-inch  breech-loading  rifled  guns  and 
six  revolving  guns. 

We  might  also  reex)mmend  for  construction  one  ram,  of  the  five  steel 
rams  suggested  by  the  late  Naval  Advisory  Board,  the  displacement  to 
be  about  2,000  tons  with  a  sea  speed  of  13  knots,  at  a  cost  each — 

To  construction |n350,  000 

To  engines  (twin-screw) 300,000 

To  equipment. 20,000 

To  tori>edo  outfit  (if  fitted) 51,000 

Total 721,000 

The  Board  is,  however,  of  the  opinion  that  the  construction  of  a  ram 
is  not  itidispeusably  necessary,  except  under  prospect  of  war.    The 


KEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       537 

raiu  is  of  no  use  in  time  of  peace,  and  can  be  built  within  ninety  days, 
or  readily  improvised  from  another  vessel  in  emergency. 

The  Board  advises  that  a  ram  should  be  designed,  to  provide  against 
contingency  above  referred  to. 

Also  one  dispatch  boat,  of  about  1,500  tons  displacement,  to  be  built 
of  iron,  with  double  bottom,  with  speed  of  not  less  than  15  knots,  at  a 
cost — 

To  constniction >5230,  00(1 

To  engines 175,000 

To  ordnance :?0,  OOli 

To  f  q  <i  i  p n  1  (Ml  t "Jo ,  000 

Total 460,00<t 

To  be  armed  with  one  0-inch  Ijreech-loading  rifled  and  four  Hotch- 
kiss  guns. 

The  Board,  however,  suggests  that  in  place  of  calling  this  vessel  a 
"dispatch  boat"  she  shoifld  be  designated  a  "clipper.'' 

The  Board  is  of  the  ojiinion  that  the  construction  of  a  tori)edo  and 
gunboat,  with  a  displacement  of  450  tons  and  a  sjieed  ot  13  knots,  as 
recommended  by  the  late  Naval  Advisory  Board,  is  not  practicable. 

The  Board  would  advise  the  purchase  of  one  "  cruising  torpedo  boat" 

100  feet  long,  with  a  maximum  speed  of  21  knots,  at  a  cost  of  $38,000, 

and,  in  place  of  the  torpedo  gunboat, the  "dispatch  boat"  or  "clipper" 

be  duplicated,  as  this  is  considered  a  most  useful  type  in  war  or  peace. 

Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

II.  W.  SHUFELDT, 
Commodore,  United  States  Navy,  President  of  the  Board. 
Hon.  W.  E.  Chandler, 

Seci'etary  of  the  Navy. 


KEPORT  OF  THE  CHIEF  OF  THE  BUIIEAU  OF  PEOVISIONS 

AND  CLOTHING. 

Navy  Department. 
Bureau  of  Provisions  and  Clothing, 

November  S,  1S82. 

Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  a  rei)ort  of  the  transactions  of  this 
Bureau  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1882: 

Tho  appropriation  for  provisions  was ^1,200,000  00 

Amount  oxpendi-d  (ls;."'l-'es2),  as  per  accounts  rendered  up  to  November 

1,1882 1,057,000  -10 

Balance 142,«.>y3  00 

Tlie  .appropriation  for  contingent  was r>0,000  00 

Amount  expended  (1881-'ri2),  as  per  account«  rendered  up  to  November 
1,1882 :i.'..  153  75 

Balance 24,840  25 

The  aiiKuint  of  clotliing  fund  Jnly  1, 18-1,  was :{17,'.I15  00 

Amount  expended  {\':s]-'6'2),  ]ter  reUirns 1G5, 31^  4r. 

Balance 152,5ii7  11 

Amount  received  for  clotbiug  issued 2:J.'>,  O'jy  5:; 

Amount  of  fund  June  30, 1882 387,0%  07 


538  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 

Tho  amount  of  Mio  sniall-storcs  fundJuly  1,1881, was 1101,423  14 

Amount  expended  (]88l-'82),  per  returns 80,845  45 

Balance '20,577  69 

Amonnt  received  for  small  stores  issued 79, 108  23 

Amount  of  fundJune  30,1882 99,685  1<2 

Of  the  amount  expended  for  provisions,  there  was  paid  for  commuted 

rations 519,439  64 

For  jmrcliase  of  provisions  from  crews 59, 762  58 

Total -■ 579,202  22 

I  Uerewitli  inclose  estimates  marted  A,  B,  C,  D,  and  E,  for  tbe  fiscal 
year  ending  June  30, 1884,  together  with  schedules  numbered  from  1  to 
G,  inclusive,  and  statement  No.  7,  pertaining  to  the  operations  of  this 
Bureau  during  the  year  ending  June  30,  1882. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  very  respectfullv,  your  obedient  servant, 

J.  A.  SMITH, 
Paymaster-  General,  U.  S.  Navy. 
Hon.  Wm.  E.  Chandler, 

Secretary  of  the  Navy,  Washington. 
#  ♦'>*  *  »  »  • 


REPOET  OF  THE  COMMANDANT  OF  THE  MARINE  CORPS. 

Headquarters  Marine  Corp§, 
Coioiandant's  Office, 
Washington,  D.  C,  October  1,  1882. 

Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  my  annual  report  of  the  condition 
of  the  United  States  Marine  Corps  for  the  period  covered  since  Novem- 
ber 1,  1881. 

On  October  1, 1882,  there  were  1,861  enlisted  men  in  the  Corps,  984  of 
whom  were  on  board  ships  in  commission,  and  877  doing  duty  at  the 
several  shore  stations. 

During  the  past  year  there  have  been  690  enlistments,  132  re-enlist- 
ments, 404  discharges,  and  12  deaths,  also  500  desertions. 

I  am  of  the  opinion  that  the  principal  cause  of  desertion  is  the  fact 
that  there  are  not  enough  men  to  do  the  duty  required  anywhere,  and 
that  the  constant  guard  duty,  without  cessation,  becomes  onerous  and 
leads  to  dissatisfaction. 

No  changes  have  occurred  an)ong  the  officers  on  the  "active  list." 
Two  officers  on  the  "retired  list"  have  died,  viz,  Lieut.  Col.  Ward 
Marston  and  First  Lieut.  Arthur  L.  AVatson.  Of  the  "  active  list "  two 
captains  are  on  "sick  leave"  for  long  periods,  one  "under  suspension," 
and  two  are  employed  "  on  special  duty."  One  first  lieutenant  is  "  on 
leave  of  absence,"  and  is  employed  by  the  Chinese  Government.  De- 
ducting these,  and  excluding  the  "  field  and  staft',"  leaves  fifteen  cap- 
tains, fweuty-nine  first  lieutenants,  and  fourteen  second  lieutenants  to 
perform  all  the  <luty  required  on  board  ships  and  at  tlie  various  shore 
stations.  There  are  at  present,  exclusive  of  commanding  officers,  but 
twenty-six  officers  for  shore  duty  at  ten  ])0Sts  of  the  .Marine  Corps,  a 
number  totally  inadequate,  even  if  they  weio  equally  divided,  but  where 
some  posts  (such  as  the  larger  ones)  ne^d  not  less  than  four  to  fi^ve  offi- 
cerjs  each,  it  can  readily  be  seen  that  the  smaller  ones  would  have  none. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       539 

It  is  urgently  recommended  that  Congress  restore  the  sixteen  second 
lieutenants  by  which  tlie  Corps  was  reduced  by  a  clause  in  the  naval 
ap])ropriation  bill  of  1876-'77. 

The  same  bill  reduced  the  appropriation  for  the  support  of  the  Corps 
to  fifteen  hundred  privates.  Since  then  various  etibrts  have  been  made 
by  the  ISTavy  Department  to  increase  the  ai)propriation  again  to  that  for 
two  thousand  inivates,  which  number  is  still  provided  for  by  the  act 
under  which  the  Corps  is  organized.  Constant  complaint  arises  at  all 
the  naval  stations  and  on  board  ships  in  commission,  that  there  are  not 
enough  privates  to  do  the  duty  required.  Unless  Congress  will  increase 
the  number  there  is  no  remedy  for  this,  other  than  a  decrease  of  shore 
stations. 

The  inspections  made  quarterly  by  the  adjutant  and  inspector  of  the 
Cori)S,  and  my  own  annual  inspection,  show  the  troops  to  be  in  as  good 
a  state  of  efliciency  and  discijdiue  as  is  possible  to  effect  with  inade- 
quate numbers  everywhere.  The  reports  of  the  "  board  of  inspection" 
of  guards  returning  from  sea  are  also  satisfactory. 

A  detachment  of  the  Marine  Corps,  serving  in  the  vessels  of  the  Euro- 
pean station,  was  recently  landed,  under  their  oflicers,  at  Alexandiia, 
Egypt,  for  the  protection  of  American  citizens  and  property,  after  the 
bombardment  of  that  city  by  the  English  fleet,  aiul  rendered  very  effi- 
cient aid  in  the  restoration  of  i^ublic  order  and  the  arrest  of  incendia- 
rism and  robbery. 

The  employment  of  the  royal  marines  by  the  English  in  their  recent 

operations  in  Egypt  is  a  most  striking  proof  of  the  usefulness  of  this 

arm  of  the  service;  and  our  own  may  always  be  relied  on  to  render  the 

same  efficient  aid  whenever  called  on,  whether  "by  land  or  sea,"  they 

■  having  taken  an  active  part  in  all  our  own  wars. 

In  consequence  of  an  epidemic  of  yellow  fever,  it  has  been  found  nec- 
essary to  remove  the  detachment  serving  at  the  Peusacola,  Fla.,  navy- 
yard  to  Mount  Vernon  Barracks,  Ala.,  where  the  men  are  encamped, 
living  in  tents.  If  it  is  the  intention  of  the  department  to  continue 
the  post  at  the  Pensacola  navy-yard,  quarters  for  officers  and  barracks 
for  the  enlisted  men  are  urgently  needed,  and  an  ap])ropriation  for  that 
purpose  should  be  asked  for.  I  have  already,  in  former  reports,  en- 
larged upon  this  and  the  same  necessity  at  tlie  navy-j^ard,  Iforfolk,  Va., 
where  the  men  are  very  badly  quartered,  and  the  officers  have  no  quar- 
ters at  all,  but  live  at  long  distances  from  the  men. 

The  annual  estimates  for  the  support  of  the  Corps  were  forwarded  to 
the  Navy  Department  on  the  29th  of  September  last. 
Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

C.  G.  McCAWLEY, 
Colonel  Commandant,  United  States  Marine  Corps. 

Hon.  Wm.  E.  (^handler, 

Secretary  of  the  Navy,  Xary  Departnicnl, 

Waahinglun,  D.  C. 
•  •••••• 


540  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


REPORT  OF  THE  SUPERINTENDENT  OF  TITE  NAVAL 

ACADEMY. 

United  States  Naval  Academy, 

Annapolis,  Md.,  Kovember  20,  1882. 

Str  :  In  obedience  to  the  department's  order  of  the  17th  instant,  I  have 
tlie  lionor  to  make  tlio  following  report  of  the  operations  of  the  Acad- 
emy during  the  past  year. 

The  prescribed  courses  of  instraction  for  the  classes  of  cadet-midship- 
men and  cadet-cngine«rs  were  pursued  until  the  close  of  the  academic 
year  in  June  last. 

On  the  8th  of  February  last  a  committee  of  five  members  of  the  aca- 
demic board  was  appointed  to  examine  these  courses  and  report  such 
modifications  and  improvements  as  it  might  deem  necessary.  Their  re- 
port was  made  May  8,  adopted  by  the  board  May  18,  and  approved  by 
the  department  June  10,  1882,  but  before  the  approved  changes  could 
be  put  into  operation  an  act  of  Congress,  approved  August  5, 1882,  abol- 
ished the  titles  of  cadet-midshipmen  and  cadet-engineers  and  made  all 
the  undergraduates  of  the  Academy  naval  cadets.  This  necessitated  a 
further  change  in  the  course  of  instruction,  and  all  the  cadets  now  i)ur- 
sue  that  adopted  for  the  cadet-midshipmen,  with  such  alterations  as  were 
necessary  to  suit  their  new  status. 

Much  attention  has  been  given  during  the  year  to  practical  instruc- 
tion. In  addition  to  such  as  could  be  given  in  the  afternoons,  the  Dale, 
Mayflower,  Standish,  and  monitor  Nantucket  cruised  in  the  bay  every 
Saturday  morning  that  the  weather  permitted,  from  early  in  March 
until  June,  all  the  stations  on  board  of  the  vessels,  both  on  deck  and  in 
the  engine  and  fire  rooms,  being  filled  by  the  cadets.  Constant  instruc- 
tion has  also  been  given  in  the  management  and  in  working  the  engines 
of  steam  launches.  A  rigging-loft  has  been  established,  in  which  the 
cadets  are  carefully  instructed  in  marline-spike  seamanship. 

The  usual  summer  practice  cruise  was  made  in  the  sailing  shi[)S  Con- 
stellation and  Dale  and  the  steamers  Mayflower  and  Standish  by  all 
the  cadets  except  the  third  class  of  cadet-engineers ;  the  cadet-midship- 
men in  the  sailing  vessels,  and  the  cadet-engineers  in  the  steamers. 

The  cadet-midshipmen  of  the  first  class  were  instructed  in  the  duties 
that  are  required  of  cadet-midshipmen  in  cruising  vessels  of  war.  and 
those  of  the  junior  class  in  the  duties  of  seamen. 

The  Constellation  and  Dale  cruised  at  sea,  visiting  only  the  port  of 
New  York,  where  the  Constellation  was  detained  four  days  beyond  her 
allotted  time  in  consequence  of  necessary  repairs  to  her  rudder. 

The  steamers  were  used  principally  as  quarters  for  the  cadet-engineers 
and  to  take  them  from  one  navy-yard  to  another.  While  under  way,  or 
when  not  engaged  in  other  duties,  the  cadet-engineers  of  the  first  class 
were  instructed  in  the  duties  required  of  cadet-engineers  during  their 
two  years'  course  in  cruising  steamers,  and  those  of  the  second  class  in 
the  duties  of  firemen. 

The  cadet-engineers  of  the  Mayflower  were  given  daily  instruction  in 
mechanical  work  pertaining  to  the  construction  of  marine  engines  and 
boilers  in  the  shops  of  the  Norfolk  navy-yard  for  one  month  and  in  those 
of  the  Boston  navy* yard  for  one  month.  The  same  instruction  and  for 
the  same  length  of  time  was  given  to  the  cadet-engineers  of  the  Stannish 
in  the  shops  of  the  Washington  and*  New  York  navy-yaixis. 

The  cadet  engineers  of  the  third  class  remained  at  the  Academy,  and 
wtere  daily  imstructed  iii  mechanical  work  in  its  shop. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       541 

Copies  of  the  reports  of  the  eommamiirifc  otficers  of  the  pra<iti(?e  ves- 
sels were  forwarded  to  the  department  with  my  letter  of  September  25. 

All  of  the  cadets  were  granted  leave  of  absence  during  the  month  of 
September. 

Changes  have  beeu  made  in  the  mode  of  disciplining  the  cadets,  with 
satisfactory  results.  Conduct  grades  have  been  establisheti,  with  privi- 
leges and  requirements  attached  to  each  grade,  by  which  cadets  who 
are  studious  and  who  evince  a  desire  to  comply  with  the  regulations 
are  aUowed  privileges  that  are  denied  to  others. 

Soon  after  the  opening  of  the  present  academic  year  it  was  discovered 
that  the  fourth  olass  was  being  '' hazed "^  by  members  of  the  second  and 
third  classes.  A  court-martial  was  immediately  convened  in  accordance 
with  the  requirements  of  the  act  of  June  23,  1874,  before  which  three 
cadets  were  tried,  found  auilty,  and  dismissed. 

During  the  summer  the  quarters  of  the  cadets  were  repaired  and  iin 
proved. 

Many  of  the  buildings  used  as  ofiticers'  quarters  have  been  rei)aired 
and  partially  refurnished;  the  new  bakery,  and  armory buildingexcept 
its  internal  arrangements,  have  beeu  finished.  The  house  occupied  by 
the  Superintendent  as  his  quarters,  having  beeu  surveyed  by  a  board 
of  officers  and  experts  and  by  an  experienced  architect  and  ])ronouncod 
unsafe,  is  being  rebuilt.  The  grounds  have  been  improved  by  grading 
and  opening  a  much-needed  roadway. 

The  sewers  and  drains  have  been  overhauled  and  improved. 

After  the  examination  held  in  June  last,  thirty-seven  cadet-midshii»- 
men  and  twenty-two  cadet  engineers,  who  had  completed  the  four  years' 
course  of  instruction,  were  detached  from  the  Academy.  Forty-four 
candidates  for  admission  presented  themselves  in  June,  sixt>  -seven  in 
September,  and  three  in  October.  Of  this  number,  sixty  were  admitted : 
thirty-eight  failed  to  pass  the  required  examination ;  lifteen  were  rejecte<l 
physically,  and  one  passed  the  required  examination  but  failed  to  report 
for  duty. 

It  is  of  very  great  beuetit  to  the  cadets  of  the  fourth  class  to  make  the 
summer  practice  cruise,  and  it  is  therefore  respectlully  recommended 
that  hereafter  all  candidates  for  admission  shall  be  directed  to  report  for 
examination  on  or  about  the  15th  day  of  May  in  each  year,  in  order 
that  they  may  be  properly  provided  with  uniform  and  other  necessary 
clothing  before  the  vessels  leave  Annai>olis.  It  is  also  recommendetl  that 
hereafter,  when  classes  of  cadets  shall  have  completed  their  six  years' 
course,  they  shall  be  ordered  to  report  to  the  Academy  on  or  about  the 
1st  day  of  May  of  each  year,  for  their  linal  gratluating  examination. 

The  object  of  this  recommendation  is  that  the  examination  of  these 
classes  may  not  interfere  with  the  examinations  of  the  four  classes  at  th»> 
Academy,  or  dela^-  the  dei)arture  of  the  practice  vessels. 

It  is  further  recommended  tliat  when  the  yearly  nominations  of  can 
didat^es  to  fill  vacancies  sliall  be  made,  candidates  shall  also  be  nomi- 
nated to  fill  the  vacancies  that  will  occur  immediately  after  the  tinal 
graduating  examination  of  the  year. 

Under  the  law  of  August  5,  1H82,  these  vacancies  must  occur  as  soon 
as  the  examination  shall  be  conchuled,  as  all  who  are  not  i)romoted  into 
the  service  must  be  discharged.  It  would  be  advisable  that  alternates 
should  be  nominated  at  the  same  time  with  the  lu-ineipals,  .so  that  there 
may  be  no  delay  in  tilling  vacancies  should  any  of  the  candidates  fail 
to  pass  the  requirwl  examinations. 

The  law  of  August  5,  18.SL',  requires  that  the  vacancies  whirli  may 
have  occurredin  the  lower  graders  of  the  line.  Engineer  Corps,  and  ^la  rine 


542  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THK 

Corps  of  tho  Navy,  shall  bo  tillod  by  appointinents  to  bo  niado  from  the 
gradnatos  of  tho  year,  at  tho  oonclu.sion  of  thoir  six  yearn'  (jnurse,  in  the 
order  of  merit  as  deterinined  by  the  academic  board  of  the  Naval 
Academy;  the  assignments  to  the  various  corjis  to  be  made  by  theSec- 
reta.ry  of  the  Navy  upon  the  recommendation  of  the  academit;  board. 

In  this  connection  your  attention  is  called  to  the  great  disparity  iu 
])Osition  and  pay  of  the  lowest  grades  in  the  three  corps.  Assistant 
engineers  and  second  lieutenants  of  marines  are  commissioned  otiicers, 
•while  midshipmen  are  appointed  officers.  Assistant  eiigineers  receive 
at  sea,  $1,700  per  annum;  second  lieutenants  of  marines,  ."^1,400  per 
annum,  and  midshipmen,  $1,000  per  annum.  It  will  hardly  seem  com- 
plimentary to  the  number  one  of  a  class  who  should  evince  special  abil- 
ity as  a  line  officer,  to  give  him  a  simple  appointment  with  a  salary  of 
$1,000  per  annum,  while  others  who  pass  below  him  are  given  commis- 
sions and  salaries  of  $1,400  and  $1,700  per  annum. 

The  duties  required  of  the  lowest  grade  of  line  officers  are  fully  as 
important  and  arduous  as  those  required  of  the  lowest  grade  of  marine 
and  engineer  oflicers,  and  frequently  involve  much  more  responsibility. 
It  would  seem  but  just  that  the  naval  cadets  assigned  to  the  line,  after 
the  completion  of  the  six  years'  course,  should  be  commissioned  as  en- 
signs. Even  this  would  not  put  them  on  an  equal  footing,  as  regards 
pay,  with  those  assigned  to  the  Marine  and  Engineer  Corps,  the  sea  pay 
of  an  ensign  being  $1,200  per  annum. 

I  am,  sir,  very  respectfully,  vour  obedient  servant, 

r.  M.  EAMSAY, 
Captain,  TJ.  S.  Navy,  Superintendent. 

Hon.  Wm.  E.  Chandler, 

/Secretary  of  the  Navy,  Washington,  D.  G. 


KEPORT  OF  THE    BOAED    OF  VISITORS   TO   THE  UNITED 
STATES  NAVAL  ACADEMY,  1883. 

United  States  Naval  Academy, 

Annapolis,  Md.,  June  10,  1882. 
Sir  :  The  Board  of  Visitors  appointed  to  attend  the  annual  exaiiiina- 
tions  at  the  United  States  Naval  Academy  have  the  honor  to  submit 
the  following  report  of  their  proceedings. 
The  Board  met  on  Thursday,  June  1,  and  organized  as  follows: 

OFFICERS. 

Commodore  Samuel  R. Franklin,  president;  Senator  H.  L,  Dawes, of 
Massachusetts,  vice-president. 

standing  committees. 

Seamanship,  gunnery,  and  navigation. — Senator  H.  L.  Dawes ;  Capt.  P. 
C.  Johnson,  U.  S.  N. ;  JMr.  Charles  Watrous. 

Steam,  mathemtilicn,  ^>/<//.s'?('s,  and  mechanics. — General  E.  D.  Town- 
send,  U.  S.  A.;  General  Aaron  F.  Stevens;  Mr.  N.  M.  Hubbard. 

English  .ffudies,  modern  languages,  and  drawing. — Senator  Charles  W. 
Jcmes,  of  Florida;  Hon,  William  A.  Courtenay;  Hon.  John  R.  Thomas, 
House  of  Representatives. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       543 

Grounds,  bnildhigs,  and  sanitnrjf  condition. — Hon.  (Jliester  B.  Danall, 
House  of  Kepreseutatives;  Mr.  Charles  Watrous;  General  E.  D.  Town- 
send,  U.  S.  A. 

Finance  and  library. — Hon.  Henry  L.  Harris,  House  of  Kepreseuta- 
tives;  Mr.  ]S'.  M.  Hubbard;  Hon.  Chester  B.  Darrall,  House  of  Kepre- 
sentatives. 

Administration  and  police. — Hon.  John  il.  Thomas,  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives ;  General  Aaron  F.  Stevens ;  Cai)t.  P.  C.  Johnson,  U.  S.  N. 

The  Board  met  daily,  with  a  full  attendanee  of  members,  except  when 
the  i)ublic  service  required  the  presence  of  the  members  of  Congress  in 
Washington. 

In  presenting^  tlielr  report  they  desire  to  express  their  high  estimate 
of  the  value  of  this  institution  to  the  country. 

The  academic  standard  of  education  and  conduct  is  high,  and  the 
most  benticeut  results  must  ensue  from  a  preparatory  course  so  thorough 
and  elevated. 

Every  facility  was  afforded  in  examining  the  branches  of  steam, 
mathematics,  physics,  and  mechanics,  by  the  several  officers  connected 
with  these  dei)artments.  Copies  of  the  written  examinations  were  fur- 
nished, the  apparatus  in  use  was  exhibited,  and  examinations  were  con- 
ducted in  presence  of  members  of  the  committee.  So  iar  as  they  are 
able  to  judge,  the  course  of  instruction  is  very  thorough,  and  is  ably 
and  faithfully  conducted. 

The  ai)paratu8  in  each  branch,  except  that  of  steam,  seems  well 
adapted  t-o  the  i)urposes  of  instruction.  The  steam-engine  and  boilers, 
which  are  set  up  in  the  steam  room,  are  obsolete  and,  though  better 
than  none  at  all,  do  not  answer  the  purpose.  They  should  be  replaced 
by  a  compound  engine  and  boilers  to  match,  of  latest  pattern,  such  as 
are  now  in  universal  use. 

It  may  well  happen  that  an  engineer  just  graduated  at  the  I^aval 
Academy  may  be  assigned  to  a  ship  with  an  engine  with  whose  construc- 
tion and  working  he  may  be  unfamiliar,  so  that  the  i)ractical  instruc- 
tion he  has  had  at  the  Academy  on  this  subject  is.  really  of  little  avail. 

Objection  has  sometimes  been  made  to  this  Academy,  that  too  high  a 
standard  of  scientific  study  is  required,  which  practically  excludes  from 
the  Navy  young  men  who  would  make  excellent  line  officers. 

The  admirable  system  of  optional  or  advanced  studies,  which  has  been 
tded  with  success  during  the  past  five  years,  seems  fully  to  answer  this 
objection. 

The  standard  below  which  no  cadet  must  fall  is  onlj*  such  as  is  nec- 
essary to  develop  and  exercise  the  intellectual  i)Ow«ts  and  to  make  an 
efficient  naval  officer.  So  long  as  the  rapid  and  continued  development 
of  science  is  a  matter  of  prime  interest  in  the  walks  of  civil  life,  it  is 
essential  that  the  naval  i)rofession  shall  not  be  behind  in  scientific  at- 
tainments. But  to  each  cadet,  midshij)man,  and  engineer  there  is  open 
a  course  (if  he  chooses  to  take  it)  in  the  highest  branches  of  certain  sub- 
jects studied  by  his  class.  He  nnist  constantly  maintain  in  all  branches 
at  least  the  requisite  standard  of  excellence,  and  while  doing  this  he 
may  receive  special  instruction  in  the  branch  of  his  choice,  to  any  ex- 
tent to  which  it  is  i)ossible  to  carry  it.  Thus  by  diligent  ai)pli(;ation  ho 
may,  two  or  three  days  in  a  week,  master  a  double  lesson  in  the  or- 
dinary course,  and  the  time  so  saved  may  be  devoted  to  his  optional 
course. 

The  examination  each  year  in  the  optional  courses  is  conducted 
separately  from  that  in  the  regular  couise,  and  a  fiactiou  is  added  to 


644  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 

the  cadet's  mark,  which  gives  him  a  reward  for  his  industry  iu  a  some- 
what higher  class  rank. 

BUILDINGS,   GROUNDS,  AND  SANITARY  CONDITION. 

All  the  buildings  have  been  examined,  and,  without  going*  into  par- 
ticular details  of  each,  they  call  attention  especially  to  such  as  are  in- 
secure and  unsuitable  in  location  and  design. 

1.  The  SuperintendenVsi  quarters. — This  house  was  built  about  the 
year  1720.  A  cellar  has  since  been  dug  under  it,  and  several  doors 
have  been  at  various  times  cut  through  the  walls,  which  has  much 
weakened  them.  One  of  the  side  walls  is  7  inches  out  of  plumb;  the 
chimney  on  that  side  is  10  inches  out  of  plumb.  The  exterior  walls  are 
badly  cracked,  and  the  cracks  are  rapidly  opening;  in  one  room  the 
floor  has  had  to  be  pieced  where  it  had  separated  from  tlie  wall.  Owing 
to  the  disintegration  of  the  bricks  and  mortar  (not  originally  of  the  best 
quality  and  yielding  to  decay),  it  is  impossible  to  bind  the  walls  with 
ties.  It  would  not  be  surprising  if  this  building  should  fall  at  any  mo- 
ment. 

In  any  city  where  inspection  of  buildings  is  regulated  by  law,  it 
would  be  pronounced  too  dangerous  for  occupancy. 

2.  Officers^  quarters. — Some  of  the  quarters  for  oflicers  are  good  and 
well  located,  particularly  those  known  as  "  Blake  Row."  "  Goldsborough 
Row,"  on  the  same  line,  consists  of  two  double  houses  temporarily 
divided  into  flats,  in  each  of  which  there  are  eight  families. 

There  are  twenty-five  officers  and  professors  who,  from  want  of  quar- 
ters for  their  accommodation  in  the  grounds,  are  obliged  to  hire  houses 
in  the  city,  and  they  receive  no  allowance  to  indemnify  them  for  this 
extraordinary  expense.  • 

3.  Cadets'  quarters. — Part  of  the  cadets  now  occupy  five  buildings, 
known  as  '•  Stribling's  Row,"  at  the  east  side  of  the  grounds.  This  is 
the  proper  locality  for  the  cadets'  quarters,  being  near  the  shipping, 
and  remote  from  the  dividing  wall  between  the  public  grounds  and  the 
city.  In  the  same  row  is  a  house  now  occupied  by  officers.  All  these 
buildings  are  unsafe.  The  outer  walls  are  cracked  and  bulge  out  to 
such  a  degree  as  to  give  evidence  of  settling.  The  rooms,  moreover,  are 
small;  about  196  cadets  could  be  accommodated  in  all  this  row.  But 
these  buildings  are  from  450  to  500  yards  distant  from  the  mess  hall, 
and  from  the  quarters  of  the  larger  number  of  cadets.  The  maiu  build- 
ing, used  as  cadet  quarters,  is  at  the  west  end  of  the  grounds  near  the 
dividing  wall.  It  has  four  stories  and  basement,  and  now  accommo- 
dates in  the  ninety-six  rooms  used  as  quarters  about  192  cadets.  There 
are  four  rooms  on  each  floor  of  very  good  size;  all  the  rest  are  small, 
even  for  their  two  occupants.  The  rooms  of  the  lower  floor  at  the  end 
and  the  attic  rooms  are  used  as  recitation  rooms.  At  the  other  end 
of  the  building  is  the  temporary  mess  hall,  with  space  to  seat  about 
350.    The  kitchens  are  in  the  basement  under  the  mess  hall. 

Besides  the  inconvenience  of  thus  separating  the  cadets  in  their  quar- 
ters from  their  several  recitation  rooms  and  mess  hall,  the  odors  arising 
from  the  kitchen  form  another  serious  objection  to  this  arrangement. 

4.  Recitation  hall. — This  is  a  three-story  building,  erected  iu  1851, 
adjoining  the  cadets'  quarters  at  the  east  end  of  the  grounds.  The  con- 
dition of  this  building  is  even  more  dangerous  than  that  of  the  Super- 
intendent's quarters,  because  it  is  a  much  larger  one.  The  walls  have 
settled  in  some  ])laoes  to  such  a  degree  as  to  tliKow  window-sills  nearly 
one  foot  out  of  the  horizontal  line. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECKETARY  OR  THE  NAVY.       545 

There  is  danger  that  tbe  whole  structure  niav  tnmble  down  at  any 
raomeut,  aiKl,should  such  a  thing  occiir  while  a  recitation  was  in  prog- 
ress, loss  of  life  and  serious  injuries  would  be  certain. 

EECOilMENDATIO'S. 

1st.  That  new  quarters  be  piovided  for  the  Soperintendent,  those  now 
in  use  being  hazardous  for  occui)ation. 

2d.  That,  looking  to  the  future  i)ermanent  wants  of  the  Academy,  a 
true  economy  would  be  best  secured  by  procuring  i>lans  an<l  projecting 
one  or  more  modern-style  buildings  on  the  [)reseut  site  of  the  recitation 
hall  and  the  row  of  quarters  nanil)ered  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8  and  I)  to  the 
east  of  it— said  buildings  to  embrace  quarters  for  401)  ciidets,  recita- 
tion halls,  and  other  necessary  apartments  to  meet  the  future  wants  of 
the  school.  Such  jjlans  could  be  best  perfect^^d  through  a  series  of 
years;  the  material  in  the  old  buildings  removed  could  l>e  utilized  as 
far  a«  practicable  in  the  new  structures,  with  th  final  result  of  ha\ing 
a  very  com])lete  establislimcnt,  and  without  c  Uiug  for  large  money 
appropriations  in  any  one  year,  and  with  the  further  advantage  of  hav- 
ing these  expenditures  made  without  haste. 

3d.  That  the  bailing  at  the  west  end  of  the  grounds  be  converted 
into  quarters  for  ofiiiers  and  instructors,  so  as  to  bring  inside  the 
academy  limits  all  ofiicials  connected  with  the  Academy. 

4th.  That  a  new  me^s  hall  and  kitchens  be  built  contiguous  to  the 
proposed  permanent  quarters. 

The  Board  deem  many  of  these  improvements  to  be  of  pressing  need, 
and  all  really  essential  to  the  needs  of  this  institution. 

Of  the  grounds  and  the  sanitary  contlition  of  the  whole  institution, 
the  Board  are  pleased  to  be  able  to  speak  in  the  highest  terms  of  com- 
mendation. 

It  would  certainly  add  much  totheconvenienceofarraugement  as  to  lo- 
cality in  the  erection  of  new  buildings  if  a  small  piece  of  ground  could  hv 
added  by  purchase  at  the  west  einl,  behind  the  main  cadet;s,  quarters. 

Tbe  Board  recommend  a  further  inquiry  into  this  subject  by  the  proper 
authority. 

The  piece  of  ground  referred  to  lies  between  the  wall  surrounding  the 
Academy  and  a  strip  of  land  belonging  to  the  government  on  the  same 
side  of  the  stream  known  as  "Graveyard  Creek."'  There  is  a  bridge 
over  the  creek  leading  to  the  cemetery  of  the  Academy,  turning  to  the 
east,  and  to  a  large  general  hospital  to  the  west,  but  the  route  is  cir- 
cuitous. 

If  the  intervening  land  belonged  to  the  United  States,  a  mnch  shorter 
direct  route  to  the  eemetery  and  hospital  c^^uld  be  oi)ened,  and  a  ])ublic 
improvement  secured,  the  advantages  of  which  are  very  apparent. 

The  hospital  referred  to,  though  standing  on  grounds  of  the  Academy, 
belongs  to  tlie  Navy  Hospital  Department.  It  is  a  large  and  costly 
brick  building,  with  accoiumodations  for  100  patients.  There  are  out- 
buildings, with  machinery  for  the  manufacture  ot  giis,  heating  appa- 
ratus, ttc.  For  want  of  about  $2,000  repau's  the  whole  establishment 
.is  rapiflly  going  to  decay. 

There  seems  to  be  no  present  use  for  such  a  ho3])ital,  but  property  of 
such  extent  and  value  should  be  preserved  in  good  onler,  against  fu- 
ture contingencies,  a«  at  any  time  it  may  be  found  useful  for  the  public 
service. 

ENGLISH   STUDIES,    HISTORY    AND  LAW. 

The  Board  desire  to  express  their  satisfaction  at  the  very  thorough 
course  of  instruction  in  English  studies,  history  and  law,  embracing  a 
35  Ab 


546  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 

three-fold  objoct :  (irsl,  to  train  cadets  in  the  art  of  expression ;  secondly, 
to  give  them  a  requisite  knowledge  of  history,  both  of  our  own  and  of 
otlier  countries;  and,  thirdly,  to  instruct  them  in  the  constitution  and 
form  of  government  of  the  United  States,  and  in  the  leading-  j)rincii)les 
of  maritime  international  law. 

1st.  In  Englinh. — The  main  object  is  to  teach  cadets  to  exi)re88  them- 
selves with  readiness,  simidicity,  aiid  force.  The  subject  is  taught  in 
three  ways — by  i)recept,  by  example,  and  by  practice.  For  the  lirst,  a 
short  but  thorough  course  in  rhetoric  is  siitticient. 

For  the  second,  the  students  have  critical  and  analytical  readings 
from  English  classical  prose  writers,  Burke's  works  being  chietiy  those 
used.  A  certain  part  of  the  course  is  also  devoted  to  the  study  of 
Shakespeare. 

For  jjractical  instruction  the  cadets  have  exercises  during  the  first 
year  ^ in  the  composition  of  notes,  letters,  and  telegrams;  second  year, 
offici«al  dispatches ;  third  and  fourth  years,  themes  and  essays  upon  pro- 
fessional and  other  subjects.  The  cadets  have  also  monthly  written 
examinations.  All  exercises  in  the  English  department  are  carefully 
examined  by  the  instructor,  who  indicates  the  errors  without  making 
the  corrections.  They  are  then  returned  to  the  writers,  by  whom  the 
corrections  are  made,  and  the  papers  are  then  handed  in  again  and  ex- 
amined anew.  This  process  is  continued  until  all  the  mistakes  are  fully 
corrected.  * 

It  is  believed  that  there  are  few  educational  establishments  in  the 
country  where  so  complete  a  method  is  employed  for  teaching  the  stu- 
dents to  write  their  mother  tongue,  and  the  results  attained  have  been 
very  satisfactory. 

2d.  In  history. — A  general  course  is  given  in  European  history,  and 
a  full  and  thorough  course  in  the  history  of  the  United  States. 

There  are,  besides,  two  special  courses  in  history. 

1.  Naval  history,  which  embraces  lectures  upon  the  development  and 
history  of  the  navies  of  Europe  and  America,  including  a  careful  study 
of  the  events  of  the  great  naval  wars  and  of  the  lives  of  great  naval 
commanders,  such  as  Nelson,  Collingwood,  Perry,  Decatur,  Mc^Donough, 
Hull,  &c. 

2.  Contemporary  history^  which  includes  the  study  of  the  events  of 
the  day,  of  the  institutions  of  existing  States,  their  constitutions,  forms 
of  government,  and  the  actual  state  of  their  relations  with  each  other. 

It  is  deemed  absolutely  necessary  that  cadets,  immediately  after  grad- 
uation, should  have  some  familiarity  with  the  existing  state  of  foreign 
relations,  and  it  is  to  meet  this  want  that  the  course  in  contemporary 
history  has  been  introduced. 

3d.  In  law. — Cadets  in  the  first  place  make  a  close  analytical  study 
of  the  Constitution  and  administrative  system  of  the  United  States. 

Secondly.  The  first  class  of  cadet  midshii)men  has  a  course  in  inter- 
national law,  which  is  confined  and  directed  especially  to  those  branches 
of  the  subject  which  are  closely  connected  with  the  naval  profession, 
such  as  prize  law,  blockade  and  contraband,  the  protection  of  citizens 
abroad,  the  rights  and  privileges  of  ships  of  war  in  foreign  ]»orts,  &c. . 

The  peculiar  feature  of  the  course  in  international  law  at  the  Xaval 
Academy  is  that,  in  addition  to  the  theoretical  method  by  which  the 
subject  is  usually  taught,  very  full  practical  instruction  is  given  by 
questions  framed  ui^on  a  hypothetical  set  of  circumstances,  sometimes 
fictitious,  sometimes  drawn  from  reported  cases,  but  always  circum- 
stances that  may  arise  and  that  are  likely  to  arise  in  the  experience  of 
p,  naval  officer. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       547 

TJiiese  questions  are  given  to  the  cadet  in  the  same  form  in  which 
they  would  come  before  the  oflicers  for  decision,  and  the  student  is 
called  upon  to  decide  what  wouUl  be  his  action  in  the  ]»remises.  The 
result  of  such  a  method  of  instruction  is,  that  the  knowledge  acquired 
by  the  student  becomes  much  more  flexible  and  Itetter  adapted  to  meet 
the  actual  wauts  for  which  this  knowledge  is  required. 

DUAWI>(>. 

The  Board  note  with  satisfaction  the  instruction  of  the  cadets  in 
linear  i)ersp<'ctive  and  freehand  drawing,  from  objects  immediately 
connected  with  the  duties  of  naval  oflicers,  which  is  of  immediate  im- 
portance, as  it  nuiterially  assists  cadets  in  the  acquisition  of  knowledge 
in  the  j)rofe8sional  branches — seamanship  and  gunnery. 

The  course  in  topographical  and  chart  drawing,  to  which  free-hand 
drawing  is  preliminary,  is  of  practical  importance  in  fitting  naval  ofli- 
cers  to  record  and  rei)ort  the  results  of  reconnaissances  and  surveys 
and  to  the  various  kimls  of  hydrographic  wDrk  re(|uired  by  the  public 
service.  Officers  are  frequently  called  on  to  rei)ort  on  the  a])jiroaches 
to  the  coasts,  bearings  and  entrances  of  harbors,  tSrc,  and  it  is  often 
re/]uired  that  sketches  of  headlands  and  of  shores,  as  well  as  other 
drawings,  should  accompany  such  rei)ort8. 

The  safety  of  ships  may  depend  on  the  clearness  and  correctness  of 
these  illustrated  reports,  and  a  good  knowledge  of  drawing  is  indispen- 
sable to  insure  clearness  and  accuracy. 

The  Board  were  impressed  with  the  excellence  of  the  line  drawings, 
of  machinery,  &C.,  executed  by  the  cadet  engineers.  ]\Iechanical  draw- 
ing commences  with  instruction  in  stretching  paper,  testing  drawing- 
boanl,  s<|nare  and  triangles,  ami  proceeds  from  the  drawing  of  various 
symnu'trical  iigures,  through  the  conventional  practices  of  the  art,  to 
the  making  of  plans,  elevations,  and  sections  of  machinery  from  orig- 
inal designs.  This  is  deemed  to  be  an  indispensable  apjilication  of  the 
art  of  drawing  in  this  institution,  esi)ecially  as  regards  the  depart- 
ments of  gunnery  and  naval  construction,  as  well  as  steam  engineering. 

An  exhibition  was  given  of  the  practical  instruction  in  making  and 
working  machinery,  beginning  with  the  forming  of  models  in  wood,  and 
g6ing  through  the  process  of  mending  boilers,  making  screws,  tools, 
and  all  the  ]>arts  of  a  small  steam-engine,  and  putting  them  together. 

In  all  this  manual  work  which  is  done  by  the  cadet  engineers  they 
displayed  very  creditable  skill.  They  also  put  together  the  part«  and 
set  in  motion  the  large  steam-engine,  showing  familiarity  with  the  mode 
of  working  it. 

MODERN  LANGUAGES. 

Attention  is  given  to  the  study  of  Spanish  and  French,  by  a  fnll  corps 
of  instructors.  A  change  in  text-books  and  other  details  now  in  prog- 
ress, will,  it  is  expected,  produce  favorable  results. 

SEAMANSHIP,  GUNNERY,  AND  NAVIGATION. 

The  knowledge  evinced  by  the  cadets  in  seamanship,  gunnery,  and 
navigation  is  very  satisfactory. 

It  is  recommended  that  the  Academy  be  furnished  with  samples  of 
the  latest  designs  of  guns  and  carriages,  that  the  cadets  may  become 
familiar  with  tlieir  construction  and  manipulation  and  be  able  to  use 
them  and  instruct  others  in  their  i)eculiarities. 

It  is  highly  desirable,  also,  that  the  latest  models  of  war  8hi])8  be 
furnished  for  liie  instruction  of  the  cadets  in  the  details  of  ship-build- 


548  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

It  wonld  be  a  decided  advantage  to  the  Academy  if  it  were  farnfshed 
with  a  steam  war  ship  of  moderate  size,  with  the  most  improved  type 
of  machinery  and  ai'mament,  that  the  cadets  may  become  familifir  with 
everything  relating  to  their  profession  before  leaving  the  institution. 

In  the  department  of  ordnance  and  gunnery  the  cadet  midshipmen 
have  been  instructed  in  making  working  drawings  of  guns,  &c.,  from  a 
specification  containing  all  the  dimensions. 

The  Board  takes  pleasure  in  noting  with  commendation  the  progress 
that  has  been  made  in  this  course  during  the  past  year. 

FINANCE  AND  LEBEARY. 

The  Board  have  examined  the  statement  furnished  by  the  Hon.  Sec- 
retary of  the  Navy  of  the  appropriations  for  the  Academy  for  some 
years  past,  including  the  apportionment  to  the  various  purj^oses  shown 
therein. 

The  administration  of  the  financial  affairs  of  the  Academy  is  approved. 

The  library  is  in  good  condition.  We  recoinmend  that  the  usual 
amount  yearly  devoted  to  the  purchase  of  new  books  be  continued  for 
that  puri)ose. 

Every  effort  should  be  made  to  keep  the  library  supplied  with  the 
latest  and  most  approved  scientific  and  professional  works. 

ADMINISTRATION,  DISCIPLINE,  AND  POLICE. 

The  Board  find  the  entire  administration  of  the  affairs  of  the  Academy 
all  that  could  be  desired. 

The  discipline,  under  the  present  efficient  Superintendent,  has  been 
much  improved  by  his  order  No.  5,  of  January  12,  1882,  establishing 
"conduct  grades."  Under  this  order  their  privileges  depend  on  their 
grade.  At  first  the  cadets  disliked  the  order,  as  very  few  were  classed 
in  the  first  grade ;  at  this  writing,  the  number  has  reached  92  out  of  256 
cadets,  equal  to  36  per  cent. 

There  is  sino^  a  marked  improvement  in  the  assembling  of  cadets  at 
all  formations ;  very  few  are  now  tardy  or  late.  In  the  general-conduct 
report  there  is  a  great  change. 

At  the  semi-annual  examinations  in  January  last  there  were  fifteen 
deficients  in  conduct;  at  the  present  June  examination  but  three  defi- 
cients. 

A  marked  improvement  is  also  visible  in  the  class  rei)orts,  especially 
in  branches  in  which  inattention  was  the  real  cause  of  deficiencies. 

As  it  is  necessary  to  be  proficient  in  all  studies  and  exercises  to  be  in 
the  first  grade,  many  have  made  up  their  deficiencies. 

This  system  works  on  the  cadets  in  various  ways:  those  in  the  first 
grade  have  liberty,  by  simply  reporting  to  the  proper  officer,  to  leave 
the  grounds,  as  an  officer  would  when  leaving  a  shii).  This  is  esteemed 
a  very  high  privilege,  and  some  noted  cases  have  passed  from  the  third 
and  fourth  grades  to  the  first. 

The  reox)rds  of  the  Academy  are  kept  in  such  a  manner  that  the  past 
as  well  as  the  present  status  of  each  cadet,  from  his  entrance  into  the 
Academy  until  his  departure  therefrom,  can  be  seen  at  a  glance;  and 
the  standing  of  each  cadet  in  his  studies  and  conduct,  as  well  as  his 
adapatability  for  the  naval  service,  can  be  shown  at  once. 

SUGGESTIONS  AS  TO  EXAMINATION  AND  ADMISSION   OF  CADETS. 

Previous  to  1852,  candidates  for  admission  were  appointed  before 
March  in  each  year,  and  examined  between  the  20th  and  31st  May. 

We  suggest  that  this  plan  be  renewed,  and  that  those  who  pass  be 
sent  on  the  annual  practice  cruise  until  the  academic  studies  begin  in 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       549 

the  fall.  It  is  believed  that  this  preliuiinary  experience  at  sea  would 
give  the  oppoi-tunity  to  test  the  choice  of  profession  made  by  applicants, 
and  that  those  who.  ])erhaps,.had  made  a  mistake  in  seeking  a  naval 
life  would  resign  before  the  government  had  incurred  the  expense  of  a 
costly  education  to  no  purpose. 

Commending  the  Naval  Academy  to  your  most  favorable  considera- 
tion, and  soliciting  for  it  the  friendly  support  of  the  Congress  of  the 
United  States,  . 

We  subscribe  ourselves,  jour  verv  obedient  servants, 

S.  It.  FKANKLIN,  Commodore,  U.  S.  N. 

IIEXRY  L.  DAWES,  United  States  Senator. 

CIIAS.  W.  J0NP:S,  United  States  Senator. 

JOHN  R.  THOMAS,  House  of  Representatives. 

C.  B.  DAKKALL,  Flouse  of  Kepre^sentatires. 

HENRY  S.  HARRIS,  House  of  Bepresentatives. 

B.  D.  TOWNSENI),  Brigadier-General,  U.  S.  A. 

P.  C.  JOHNSON,  Captain,  U.  S.  N. 

AARON  F.  STEVENS,  New  Hampshire. 

WM.  A.  COURTENAY,  South  Carolina. 

N.  M.  HUBBARD,  loira. 

CHARLES  WATROUS,  New  York. 
Hon.  Wm.  E.  Chandler, 

Secretary  of  the  Navy. 


EEPORT  OF  THE  ADMIRAL. 

Washington,  D.  C,  Novemlei-  29, 1882. 

Sir  :  I  have  the  honor  to  make  the  following  report  : 

My  last  annual  report  being  tilled  with  matters  which  were  of  interest 
to  the  Navy,  as  regards  the  building  of  sliips,  &c.,  leaves  me  little  to 
say  on  this  occasion. 

At  the  last  session  of  Congress  no  appropriation  was  made  for  finish- 
ing the  monitors  on  the  Delaware  and  at  Slare  Island.  These  vessels, 
although  not  tirst-class,  will  be  when  iiuished  at  least  as  good  as  they 
were  originally. 

If  finished  under  a  new  contract  they  could,  by  the  introduction  of 
steel  surfaces,  be  given  gi-eater  resisting  i)ower. 

]\Ir.  Lentliall,  our  late  ablecliief  constructor,  recommended  that  these 
monitors  be  launched  and  finished  at  a  navy-yard,  on  such  plans  as 
would  make  them  serviceable. 

In  this  recomniendation  I  concur,  for  we  cannot  atJbnl  to  throw  these 
vessels  away.  What  work  has  been  already  done  to  them  is  well  done, 
and  when  comi)leted  they  will  serve,  in  connection  with  forts,  for  the 
defense  of  onr  harbors. 

I  Our  suuiller  monitors  as  a  rule  are  of  not  much  value  still  in  time  of 
war  they  could  bo  made  available  to  a(;t  in  connection  with  fortifica- 
tions, but  they  would  be  useless  to  contend  with  loreign  vessels  of 
greater  speed  and  improved  ordnance. 

I  made  an  inspection  of  the  North  Atlantic  squadron  during  the  past 
summer,  and  Ibuiul  the  vessels  in  good  order  inside,  and  looking  neat 
and  trim  alolt — in  lact,  good  representatives  of  sliips  of  war.  Cruising 
together  the  past  summer  has  been  of  great  advantage  to  the  S(iuadron 
in  many  respects,  and  I  recommend  that  the  pr.utice  be  kei)t  up.  A 
cruise  of  the  S(piadron  through  the  West  Indies  iluring  the  winter,  in 
^niy  opinion,  would  have  a  good  elfect. 


650  PAPERS  ACCOMPANYING   THE 

I  recomincnd  tliat  every  ship  fitted  for  sea  hereafter  be  attached  to 
the  Coast  squadron  for  a  few  months.  It  Avould  ei\able  her  to  get  in 
good  order  before  proceeding  on  a  foreign  cruise,  and  any  defects  that 
might  be  discovered  could  be  remedied  at  a  navy-yard. 

I  beg  leave  to  call  your  attention  to  the  ships'  boats  of  the  Navy.  I 
had  a  fair  o])portunity  of  comparing  the  boats  of  the  North  Atlantic 
squadron  with  those  of  the  French  vessels-of-war  Minerve  and  Hussar, 
and  iuust  say  the  French  boats  are  in  every  respect  superior  to  ours. 

Commodore  Luce  brought  home  in  the  Portsmouth  a  French  boat 
which  he  procured  at  Brest  or  Cherbourg.  I  beg  leave  to  suggest  that 
the  board  of  inspection  and  survey  be  directed  to  examine  and  report 
upon  this  boat,  comparing  her  with  the  diiierent  classes  of  boats  in  our 
Navy,  and  to  make  such  suggestions  and  recommendations  in  this  con- 
nection as  they  may  deem  of  interest  to  the  service. 

No  report  in  regard  to  the  apprentice  system  has  been  sent  through 
me.  Commodore  Luce,  being  engaged  in  other  duty,  has  not  had  time 
to  prepare  a  report,  and  therefore  I  have  nothing  on  which  to  base 
special  recommendations. 

I  will,  however,  recommend  that  the  general  orders  relating  to  the 
training  system  issued  within  the  last  year  be  carried  out,  and  that  no 
boys  be  transferred  to  the  general  service  until  the  commanding  officer 
of  the  Training  squadron  reports  them  as  fit  for  such  transfer. 

I  would  also  recommend  that  when  the  training  vessels  go  abroad, 
they  be  not  allowed  to  transfer  boys  to  other  ships  during  the  cruise, 
and  thereby  break  up  the  crews  of  the  training  ships,  but  that  the  boys 
be  all  returned  to  the  United  States  for  inspection  by  the  board  of  in- 
spection and  survey,  and  such  of  them  as  may  be  found  qualified  be 
then  transferred  to  the  general  seivice. 

An  exception  to  this  rule  might  be  made  where  boys  who  have  been 
passed  might  bo.  sent  abroad  in  a  training  vessel  to  be  tramferred  to 
some  ship  of  the  Navy. 

By  pursuing  a  contrary  course  to  the  one  I  have  indicated  the  train- 
ing system  will  not  be  a  success. 

We  have  only  a  small  number  of  boys,  and  it  was  never  intended 
that  the  Navy  should  depend  on  them  to  fill  up  the  vacancies  among 
seamen.  It  would  be  as  wise  to  send  cadet  midshipmen  from  the  Naval 
Academy  to  supply  the  place  of  lieutenants  on  board  ship. 

The  training  vessels  have  facilities  for  instructing  api)rentices  that 
ships  of  war  do  not  possess,  including  a  corps  of  s])ecial  instructors 
and  a  system  of  daily  instruction  necessary  for  transforming  raw  boys 
into  intelligent  seamen. 

After  a  tvvo  years'  course  of  special  instruction  a  boy,  if  he  has  any 
aptitude  for  the  service,  can  be  transferred  to  the  Na^y  proper,  and 
should  be  sent  to  sea  in  vessels  destined  for  foreign  service.  There  are 
certain  requirements  of  law  which  cannot  be  complied  with  in  less  time 
than  two  years. 

The  most  that  can  be  expected  from  our  limited  supply  of  boys,  is  the 
introduction  of  a  good  set  of  petty  officers  into  the  Navy.  This  should 
be  kept  in  view  all  the  time,  and  I  earnestly  recommend  that  the  endeav- 
ors of  the  commanding  officer  of  the  Training  squadron  should  be  en- 
couraged by  the  department. 

The  8,000  seamen  allowed  by  Congress  should  be  depended  ui)on  for 
manning  the  Navy,  and  the  bojs  should  not  be  taken  from  their  school 
of  instruction  to  till  vacancies. 

There  would  be  plenty  of  men  to  man  our  small  ^Navy  if  reductions 
were  made  in  the  crews  of  receiving  ships,  vessels  laid  up  in  ordinary, 
and  fewer  men  employed  in  duty  outside  the  Navy. 


BEPORT  OP  THE  SECEETABY  Or  THE  NAVY.       561 

For  the  first  time  since  it  was  establislied  Las  the  Training  squadron 
been  conducted  ou  a  general  system.  It  struck  nic  as  well  conducted, 
and  I  only  regret  that  the.  cruise  was  not  carried  out  as  originally  in- 
tended, viz,  biing  all  the  boys  back  to  the  United  States,  have  the 
shii)S  inspected  by  me  on  the  10th  of  October  in  conjunction  with  the 
inspection  board,  award  the  medals  for  good  conduct  and  proficiency, 
pernjit  those  of  the  boys  who  deserved  it  to  go  home  and  see  their 
friends,  and  then  transfer  those  recommended  by  the  commanding  officer 
of  the  Training  squadron  to  the  general  service. 

I  beg  leave  to  draw  your  attention  to  the  torpedo-boat  Alarm.  Last 
fall  the  vessel  broke  her  steering  gear  and  a  new  and  stronger  appar- 
atus was  made  for  her  at  the  Washington  navy  yard.  The  Alarm  was 
sent  to  Noifolk,  where  she  could  be  docked  and  tlie  necessary  examina- 
tion and  repairs  made.  It  was  found  that  a  shaft  connected  with  the 
cog-wheels  was  broken,  and  several  teeth  of  the  cog-wheels  were  con- 
siderably worn,  notwithstanding  which  the  vessel  continued  to  run  from 
eleven  to  eleven  and  a  half  knots  per  hour  under  oixlinary  steam  pres- 
sure, ]>roviug  the  superiority  of  the  Mallorv  propellor,  which  for  small 
vessels,  ironclads  for  harbor  <lefense,  torpedo  boats,  &c„  is  unequalled. 

Since  the  Alarm  was  ])ut  out  of  commission  nothing  has  been  done  to 
her.  She  is  fitted  with  bronze  metal  valves  and  flajjs  under  water  for 
the  torpedo  bars,  and  these  will  soon  be  destroyed  in  salt  water  by  gal- 
vanic action. 

In  order  to  save  these  expensive  fittings  from  destruction  I  recom- 
mend that  the  Alarm  be  at  once  placed  in  fresh  water,  although  I  think 
the  best  thing  to  be  done  would  be  to  repair  the  machinery  at  once, 
correcting  the  mechanical  defects  which  have  been  discovered,  and  place 
the  vessel  in  commission.  This  is  the  oidy  way  to  find  out  the  value  of 
the  invention. 

I  beg  leave  to  draw  your  attention  to  a  letter  of  mine  on  this  subject, 
written  to  the  department  in  the  early  part  of  the  fall. 

The  board  of  ins])ection  have  had  great  difficulty  at  times  in  inspect- 
ing vessels  coming  from  sea  in  the  winter  months,  owing  to  extreme  cold 
weather.  When  everything  is  frozen  there  can  be  no  exercises  of  yards, 
sails,  boats,  &c.,  and  in  single-decked  shii)s  no  exercises  of  guns.  In 
such  case's  vessels  appear  to  great  disadvantage,  and  officers  and  crews 
cannot  do  themselves  justice. 

Tliere  has  always  been  a  s])irit  of  emulation  among  comiiiandingotli- 
cers  to  pass  a  creditable  inspection  on  returning  from  a  cruise,  but  the 
best  regulated  ship  could  hardly  do  this  in  a  northern  jmrt  in  winter, 
neither  can  the  inspecting  board  do  their  duty  fairly  by  the  shi[>8.  J 
would  therefore  recomnniud  that  all  ships  returning  to  the  United 
States  from  a  cruise  between  the  10th  of  October  and  the  lOtli  of  April, 
be  directed  to  repair  to  Hampton  Koads  and  there  report  to  the  depart- 
ment. 

The  inspecting  board  would  seldom  find  difficulty  in  giving  every 
vessel  a  thorough  inspection  at  Uamptou  Koads,  which  would  be  sat- 
isfactory to  all  concerned. 

TORPEDO  STATION. 

The  school  of  torpedo  i)ractico  is  good  enough  as  far  ns  it  goes,  bui 
the  system  shuiild  bo  extended  to  include  instruction  for  seamen,  gun- 
ners, and  ai)]nentico  boys,  for  which  purpose  certain  days  in  the  week 
should  be  set  apart.  A  small  steam  vessel  should  bestatione<l  at  Now- 
port  as  a  gunnery  shij),  with  the  steam  lauiu;lies  necessary  to  carry  on 
the  torpedo  practice.  The  IMinnesota  is  too  large  for  this  j)urpose  and 
too  expensive,  therefore  she  should  be  laid  ui». 


552  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 

J  send  lierewitli  an  extract  from  a  i)rivate  letter  received  by  mefiom 
Commodore  Luce  when  l)e  was  abroad  last  summer.  It  is  instructive 
as  sbowiuj?  what  tb<^  Britisli  naval  autliorities,  tbe  most  projL-ressive  in 
the  world,  are  doiii^"  to  keej)  their  navy  np  to  high-water  mark.  They 
recognize,  by  their  practical  works,  that  in  the  superiority  of  their  navy 
lies  the  safety  of  the  British  Islands,  and  they  leave  nothing  untried  to 
keep  the  service,  and  all  connected  with  it,  in  the  hij^^hest  state  of  effi- 
ciency: 

While  we  are  devoting  ourselves  to  theories,  which  we  never  put  in 
practice,  the  English  navy  is  constantly  testing  those  theories,  so  that 
in  time  of  war  they  will  not  likely  make  any  important  mistakes. 

In  Commodore  Luce's  letter  many  things  are  mentioned  which  will 
be  instructive  to  the  officers  of  our  Navy,  and  interesting,  no  doubt,  to 
yourself.  There  is  not  a  point  mentioned  in  the  letter  that  does  not 
ap])ly  to  our  Navy. 

The  present  unsatisfactory  condition  of  our  Navy,  as  regards  tbe 
stoppage  of  promotion  for  many  years,  would  seem  to  suggest  that  some 
reme<ly,  such  as  is  suggested  by  Commodore  Luce,  be  applied,  and  that 
those  officers  who  do  not  attain  the  high  standard  of  excellence  required 
in  the  British  navy  should  give  place  to  those  better  qualified. 

Great  Britain  has  everything  at  stake  and  relies  solely  on  her  navj- 
to  protect  her  from  the  combined  invasion  of  all  Europe.  We  have 
as  much  or  more  at  stake,  for  we  have  three  thousand  miles  of  coast  at 
this  moment  almost  unprotected,  and  if  we  should  be  suddenly  involved 
in  war  we  should  need  every  officer  in  the  Navy  to  thoroughly  under- 
stand everything  connected  with  his  profession. 

The  following  is  the  extract  from  Commodore  Luce's  letter,  which, 
although  of  an  unofficial  character,  I  consider  too  valuable  to  let  remain 
in  obscurity: 

The  New  Hatnnsliire  is  now  receiTing  an  average  of  abont  one  boy  per  week,  and 
has  not  enough  to-day  to  fill  up  the  Jamestown.  She  ought  to  have  on  board  at  least 
450  boyH,  instead  of  which  there  are  but  130.  It  is  obvion.s  if  some  system  of  reciiiit- 
ing  be  not  devised  the  bottom  of  our  training  system  must  soon  drop  onb. 

We  know  perfectly  well  from  ))aat  experit-iice  that  there  is  plenty  ot  the  right  kind 
of  material  in  the  country  to  till  up  the  New  Hampshire  if  we  will  only  take  the 
trouble  to  seek  for  it.  V^^e  know,  too,  that  New  York,  Philadelphia  and  Baltimore 
are  the  best  places  fir  recruiting,  and  that  liberal  advertising  is  neces&iry  to  call  at- 
tention to  the  recruiting  othces. 

There  seemed  to  be  au  idea  that  desertions  and  discharges  of  apprentice  boya  Was 
something  peculiar  to  our  service,  but  that  meaus  of  depletion  is  not  unknown  to  the 
Ehglish  training  service. 

In  1857  the  English  navy  lost  from  one  cause,  or  another  1,094  boys,  having  en- 
tered 3,911;  in  18i)2,  976  boys,  having  entered  ;{,oliJ;  in  18ii7,  (134  boys,  having  entered 
3,2*20;  in  187J,  5(i7  boys,  having  entered  -,187;  iu  1875,  551  boys,  having  entered 
3,079.  In  the  year  ending  December  31,  1881,  there  were  1,858  entries,  the  losses 
amounting  to  31i>. 

The  anunal  yearly  waste  of  Ijoys  is  estimated  at  18  per  cent.  WTien  we  consider 
the  ease  with  which  boys  can  liud  employmeut  in  our  country  as  compared  with  Eng- 
land, it  is  not  surprising  that  we  lose  so  many. 

In  the  matter  of  hygiene  I  cannot  say  much  in  favor  of  either  English  or  French 
training  systems.  They  crowd  too  ii'any  boys  on  l>oard  their  ships,  large  as  they  are, 
.ind  the  ships  are  not  sufficiently  ventilated.  By  placing  800  boys  on  board  of  one  ship 
with  hatches  and  ports  closed  during  inclement  weather,  thegiowiig  boy,  requiring,  ais 
he  does,'more  air  and  space  ihan  the  adult,  must  necessarily  take  into  hih  lungs 
qnautiiies  of  vitiuted  air  every  night.  Tliis  caunut  fail  to  retard  development  into 
vigorous  manhood.  It  is  for  this  reason  that  I  was  so  anxious  to  have  a  thorough 
system  of  ventilation  apjdied  to  the  New  IIami)shire.  For  thfs  reason,  too,  I  asked 
for  a  special  a))pro])riaTiou. 

I  did  uot  re.alize  till  after  visiting  the  English  and  French  training  ships  how  much 
there  was  still  to  be  done  to  the  New  Hampshire.  By  cutting  very  largo  scjuare  air 
ports  (more,  indeed,  like  gun  ports)  on  the  orlop  de(;k  tlioy  obtain  nearly  as  much  light 
and  air  on  that  deck  as  on  the  gun  deck,  and  every  available  space  in  the  ship  is  util- 
ized.    In  England  especially  they  pay  great  attention  to  the  comibrt  of  both  boys 


EEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY.       553 

and  men.  Games  and  reading  matter  are  liberally  supplied.  I  confess  to  having 
been  surprisL-d  to  find  an  excellent  lull-sized  billiard-table  attached  to  tbe  ward-room 
ol'  the  Duke  of  Wellington,  flagship  ot  Admiral  Ryder,  commander-in-chief  at  Ports- 
mouth. You  may  imagine  then  my  astonishment  to  tind  in  the  recreation  room  of  the 
chief  petty  otiicers  of  auother  shiii,  the  Excellent,  not  only  a  billiard  table,  but 
bagatelle  tables,  chess,  chfckes,  backgammon,  «Scc.  The  mess-room  of  this  class  of 
petty  ofiBcers  (on  boanl  the  Excellent)  was  fitted  up  better  than  many  ward-room 
onesses  I  have  seen  in  our  Navy.  In  tlio  forward  part  of  the  lower  gun-deck  was  a 
canteen,  where  the  men  oonld  draw.  nn<ler  certain  rules,  their  beer,  tobacco,  biscuits, 
cheese,  sardines,  all  sDrts  of  fancy  got)dd  and  luxuries  for  the  table,  such  as  sailors  of 
the  new  school  would  be  likely  to  uee<L  Everything  was  of  the  best  quality  and  at 
the  lowest  prices.  The  beer  I  was  assnred  was  better  and  cheaper  than  conld  b« 
jrurchased  at.  the  average  bar  on  bhore.  In  their  meases  the  traditional  tin  pot  and 
tin  pan  has  disappeard. 

In  training  ships  as  well  as  in  the  cruisers  every  mess  has  its  outfit  of  crodkery ;  and 
knives  and  forks  are  considered  indispensable.  Their  berth  deck  messes  have  an  air 
of  comfort  that  is  totally  unknown  to  our  ships. 

In  short,  the  modem  English  man-of-war  is  made,  as.  far  as  practicable,  a  comfortable 
home  for  the  seamen,  and  cousequently  the  men  are  better  contented  to  live  on  board 
ship.  Leave  is  granted  very  liberally*,  too.  Of  the  huudreds  and  hundreds  of  men- 
of-war  sailors  I  have  seen  on  shore  at  Plymouth  and  Portsmouth,  both  in  the  daytime 
and  at  night,  very  few  were  under  the  iutliience  of  liquor,  while  their  neat  and  tidy 
appcaraiue  both  on  board  ship  an<l  on  shore  is  remarkable.  There  is  no  eaithly 
reason  why  we  should  not  attain  an  etjual  degree  of  excellence. 

I  do  not  say  the  English  trainiig  service  is  perfect;  on  the  contrary,  their  system  is 
faulty  in  several  important  i)articulars,  but  while  v<&  avoid  their  eixors  we  can  cer- 
tau'ly  emulate  all  tht^good  in  the  example  set  us. 

It  is  quite  true  that  "  virtue  is  its  own  reward,"  and  an  approving  con.science  is  all 
the  meed  of  pmise  that  one  should  a.sk  in  the  performance  of  duty,  but  the  soul  of  mil- 
itary and  naval  life  lies  in  every  one  doing  much  more  than  his  duty,  hence  the  ap- 
proving conscience,  however  great  an  incentive  in  private  life,  fails  utterly  as  a  mo- 
tive power  with  the  military  man  who  would  .•ichie\e  eminence.  The  naval  adminis- 
trations of  both  England  and  France,  fully  nuderstandiu<;  this  and  not  being  in  a  posi- 
tion to  allow  their  respective  navifs  to  fall  to  a  de.id  level  of  mediocrity,  hold  out 
preferment  as  the  necessary  dynamic  force.  An  admiral's  llag  in  the  Bvitish  navy  is  a 
prize  well  worth  contending  for.  It  brings  with  it  honors  and  emohiiui-uts  of  a  most 
substantial  character.  The  table  money  alone,  to  take  a  purely  mercenary  view,  of 
an  English  admiral  commanding  a  foreign  scjuafiron  (.*7.917  ))er  annum)  exceeds  the 
sea-pay  of  a  rear-admiral  of  onr  service  (Sti.Oi  U).  To  reach  tlag  rank,  however,  a  cap- 
tain must  have  8«'rved  six  years  sea  service,  three  of  x\  hich  may  have  its  e<iuivaleiit  in 
harbor  service,  but  the  first  three  yenrsof  .snch  i>eriod  must  be  sea  service  in  command 
of  a  ship  of  war  of  sea,  and  by  a  later  regulation  he  must  have  commanded  an  iron- 
clad in  commission  for  sea  service.  The  iiest  captains  only,  those  who  are  fully  up  to 
the  times  in  gunnery,  tor]'C(loes,  steam,  «fcc.,  are  selected  for  these  commands:  con- 
sequently they  are  the  only  ones  who  reach  tlag  rank. 

This  is  the  secret  ot  the  great  emnlation  among  oflicersof  all  tanks.  Both  at  Piy- 
month  and  at  Portsmouth  the  activity  which  everywhere  jirevailed  suggested  the 
imminence  of  a  great  war;  gunb-'ars  trequently  going  outside  for  target  practice  at 
long  ranges:  torpedo-boats  practicing  with  <lummy  torjiedoes;  vidett<;  boats,  armed 
with  the  Whitehead  tor]>eil<»,  darting  around  like  mad;  clasvses  of  i)eitj'  ollicers  nnder 
instruction  in  laying  out  toijiedoes  and  counter-mines,  and  workitig  with  torpedoes 
generally ;  target  practice  from  the  gunnery  ships ;  rifle  practice  oil  sbore  by  squads  of 
seamen  and  apprentice  boys;  target  practic«with  llirchcock,  Gatling,  and  Nordcnfelt 
guns;  sharp-shooter  practice  at  tixed  targets,  moving  tJirgets,  and  targets  represent- 
ing a  man  running  from  cover  to  cover,  the  school  of  seamen  divers — all  this  going  on 
incessantly. 

The  tuime  activity  prevails  on  hoard  ship.  P.oys  are  constantly  exorcising  at  one 
thing  or  auother,  gunnery  drills  going  on  with  the  heavy  gnus  ;  lieutenants  ujuler  gun- 
nery instruction,  mixed  up  with  the  bluejacket  ■;  as  part  of  gun's  crews  and  drilled  by 
the  seaman  gunner-',  while  captains  and  ctininiandeis  too  old  lo  pull  ami  haul  stood  by 
to  watch  the  drills  and  pick  up  points.  On  board  the  Excellent  and  the  Vernon  (the 
torpedo  school  sliijis)  the  stii.ly-room  was  fre(|uented  l>y  admirals  (there  were  two  of 
'  that  rank  on  board  the  Vernon),  captains,  aiul  commanders.  One  cannot  fail  to  per- 
ceive that  everybody  is  thoroiU'.hly  in  earnest. 

It  is  th"  same  at  tlie  naval  college,  Gn-eiiwich,  which  is  open  to  all  ranks.  The 
reporis  from  the  latter  place  are  ver\  siguiticant.  Tho  lieutenants  and  sub-lienten- 
"ants  who  attend  them  are  said  to  be  harder  and  far  more  conscientious  students  than 
the  average  college  man.  The  niotive-jmwer  is  greater.  Those  ollieers  who  do  not 
go  in  for  this  kind  of  work  drop  astern  in  the  race  and  soon  find  themselves  on  Ifalf 
^ay. 


554  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

Promotion  to  fill  tho  liiybcr  grndo  by  mlcctiou  is  certainly  opoii  to  objection,  but  it 
vitalizoH  tho  Hoivicc.  I  do  not  linow  tliat  it  is  one  bit  iiioid  liable  to  abnw  tlirough 
political  inllufiiico  in  our  country  tlitin  in  En|;l.'iiHl.  JJnt  it  in  not  ncccHH.-iiy  to  lutro- 
<luco  promotion  by  Hi-bfution  ilanotbor  1>»!  jidoptod,  viz,  to  open  a  post-grailuatft  conrKo 
for  our  younjjtcr  odicciH  and  to  sidect  from  tlio  best  of  thene  the  otlicisis  for  the  best 
poHitions,  anil  fiually  for  coniinan<l. 

Tho.se  otticorfl  who  have  not  couiniandcid  ships  a  certain  length  of  time  should  not 
be  promoted  to  (laj{  rank.  Lieutenants  not  promoted  at  a  certain  fixed  ajre  hliould  be 
retired.  Conniiandcrs  sliould  be  required  to  serve  in  command  of  a  ship  in  commis- 
sion for  sea  service  for  a  c<M'f  ain  term  of  yeans,  and  if  not  promoted  at  a  0<3rtaiD  age 
to  be  retired.     Tim  same  rule  should  apply  to  captains  and  commodores. 

Some  such  system,  which  is  really  "promotion  by  selection"  in  disguise,  but  yet 
conformable  to  the  great  law  of  nature,  "the  survival  of  the  fittest,"  is  necessary  to 
inspire  more  life  in  the  service. 

Onr  present  system  of  commands  reverses  the  long-established  rules  of  military 
precedence,  and  is  contrary  to  common  sense.  "Old  men  for  counsel,  young  men  for 
the  field,"  was  one  of  the  maxims  of  the  wise  Greeks,  but  we  sen<l  our  oldest  officers 
to  command  Sfiuadrons — men  who  have  reached  the  closing  days  of  their  professional 
career;  so  old,  indeed,  that  most  of  them  retire  before  the  cxi)iration  of  their  term  of 
foreign  service. 

The  next  class  of  officers  on  the  descending  scale,  the  commodores,  who,  by  their 
age  and  experience,  are  hest  qualified  for  active  service  at  sea,  are  assigned  to  the 
inactive  duty  of  commanding  shore  stations — positions  held  in  reserve  in  all  other 
navies  as  a  sort  of  reward  for  the  higher  officers  who  have  linished  their  career  afioat, 
and  who  naturally  seek  the  relaxation  of  service  on  shore,  where  their  long  and  varied 
experience  may  be  made  available.  Thus  the  command-in-chief  of  Portsmouth,  Eng- 
land, is  the  prize  which  the  English  admiral  looks  for  after  the  toils  of  the  sea  are 
over.  In  that  high  position  he  enjoys  the  rewards  of  an  honorable  and  successful 
career,  and  retires  either  with  special  honors  bestowed  by  his  sovereign  or  an  appoint- 
ment to  the  still  higher  position  of  admiral  of  the  fleet.  A  similar  rule  obtains  in 
France.  Our  naval  stations  are  given  to  junior  commodores  who  have  never  hoisted 
their  pennants  at  sea. 

Going  one  step  further  down  the  scale,  we  select  young  men  for  counsel  by  calling 
our  captains  and  commanders  to  preside  over  the  bureaus  of  the  Navy  Department. 
It  is  highly  gratifying  that  we  can  find  officers  of  the  grades  of  captain  and  commander 
so  eminently  qualified  for  these  high  places,  but  at  the  same  time  it  is  a  very  severe 
commentary  on  our  method  of  making  flag  officers  that  few  can  be  found  worthy  of 
the  responsible  position. 

Our  visits  to  the  English  and  French  ports  have  been  extremely  instructive  and 
suggestive.  My  hope  now  is  that  we  may  be  enabled,  by  the  cordial  support  of  the 
Navy  Department,  to  profit  by  our  experience,  and  bring  our  training  wervice  and 
gunnery  ship  up  to  what  they  ought  to  be. 

The  above  remarks  may  offer  a  solution  to  tlie  vexed  questiou  now 
agitating-  the  Navy,  owing  to  the  stoppage  of  promotion,  and  suggest  a 
more  stringent  observance  of  section  149G  Kevised  Statutes. 

The  laws  of  Congress  provide  the  best  methods  of  securing  efficiency, 
by  a  proper  examination  of  every  officer  to  ascertain  his  fitness  for  pro- 
motion. If  these  laws  are  strictly  enfored,  the  jSTavy  will  be  brought  to 
a  higher  standard,  and  those  officers  who  are  indisposed  to  keep  up  with 
the  requirements  of  the  service  will  fall  astern. 

My  own  opinion  is  that  it  is  better  to  trust  to  the  proper  enforcement  of 
existing  laws  than  to  resort  to  a  doubtful  system  of  scrambling  for  places 
in  the  Xavy,  subjecting  officers  who  have  in  their  day  performed  their 
duty,  and  who  have  grown  old  in  the  service,  to  mortification. 

Oilicers  who  are  on  the  active  list  and  who  cannot  perform  their  du- 
ties should  expect  to  be  retired  according  to  the  laws  providing  for  such 
cases,  but  care  should  be  taken  that  no  favoritism  should  by  any  possi- 
bility be  introduced  into  the  Navy.  Every  officer  when  he  goes  on  the- 
retired  list  shoidd  feel  that  after  a  lifetime  of  varied  and  faithful  service 
be  is  retired  without  humiliation. 

Respectfully  submitted. 


Hon.  William  E.  Chandler, 

Secretary  of  the  Navy. 


DAVID  D.  PORTER,  Admiral. 


REPORT 


SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR 


Department  of  the  Interior, 

Washington,  Xovcmber  1,  1882. 
Sir  :  I  liavR  tlie  honor  to  submit  the  following  summary  of  the  opera- 
tious  of  tin-  J)ei)iirtmeut  of  the  Juterior  (hiring  the  past  your,  together 
v.ith  such   recommendations  and  suggestions  as  in  my  judgment  will 
jjromote  the  public  interests. 

INDIAN  AFFAIRS. 

The  report  of  the  Commissioner  of  Indian  Affairs  shows  no  disturb- 
ance among  the  Indians  at  this  time,  although  during  the  past  year 
theie  has  been  much  dissatisfaction, and  in  some  sections  open  outbreaks. 

In  Aiiril  last,  a  large  number  of  Indians  left  the  San  Carlos  Agency, 
in  Arizona,  <'ommitted  many  outrages  on  the  people  of  that  Territory, 
killing  the  settlers  and  destroying  their  property,  and  finally  ma<le  their 
way  into  ^lexico,  where  thej'  were  attacked  by  ^Mexican  troops  and  large 
numbers  killed.  These  raids,  occurring  as  they  have  for  many  years 
annually  oi'  ol'tener,  have  greatly  retarded  the  settlement  and  develop- 
ment of  what  ])romises  to  be  one  of  the  richest  mineral  regions  of  the 
country. 

These  i-aids  lind  the  ]>eop]e  unprepared  for  war,  and  the  settler  at  his 
daily  work  is  not  ])rei)ared  to  tH)i)e  with  his  wily  foe,  who  is  better 
armed  than  be.  Since  the  late  outbreak,  much  dissatisfaction  has  been 
expressed  by  the  jteople,  and  threats  have  been  freely  made  that  the 
])eople  will  take  means  to  guard  against  the  repetition  of  the  occurrences 
of  last  spring,  anil  there  is  danger,  unless  the  Indian  can  be  restrained, 
that  the  ]>eople  will  attempt  to  redress  their  wrongs  by  the  destruction 
of  the  Indians;  and,  if  this  should  occur,  th»  innocent  and  guilty  will 
alike  sutfei"  for  the  crimes  of  a  few.  Justice  to  the  Indian  and  settler 
alike  demands  that  vigorous  means  should  bo  taken  to  prevent  these 
frequent  outbreaks  by  Indians  stii»i)orted  by  the  government,  and  the 
marauding  and  murdering  i)arties  should  be  severely  dealt  with  when 
taken  prisoners,  disarmed,  dismounted,  and  i)unished  for  their  crimes, 

A  comparatively  small  number  of  the  San  Carlos  Indians  have  been 

•guilty  of  crime,  yet  thii  few  criminals  not  oidy  keep  the  other  Indians 

?u  a  state  «>f  turmoil  and  confusion,  but  actually  endanger  their  exist 

ence.     If  these  evil-disposed  persons  cannot  bo  kept  ou  the  reservations 


556     REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

by  the  ordinary  agency  means,  they  should  be  removed  to  some  place 
where  their  evil  influences  cannot  retard  the  work  of  civilizing  tbe  more 
peaeeably  inclined.  There  will  be  no  permanent  peace  with  these  In- 
dians until  they  are  disarmed  and  dismounted.  They  have  no  use  for 
guns,  for  the  game  is  scarce,  and  the  government  furnishes  them  ample 
to  live  on  without  resorting  to  the  fruits  of  the  chase.  Their  ponies  are 
useless,  except  to  ride  alwut  the  country,  and  are  a  great  hindrance  to 
their  civilization;  for  if  they  did  not  have  the  ponies  they  would  estab- 
liish  themselves  in  a  permanent  home. 

At  the  last  session  of  Congress  there  was  inserted  in  the  appropria- 
tio'n  bill  a  provision  for  the  removal  of  the  Mescalero  Apaches  to  the 
flicarilla  Agency,  on  the  northern  line  of  New  Mexico,  and  the  consoli- 
dation of  the  two  agencies,  provided  the  consent  of  the  Indians  could 
be  obtained  to  such  removal.  The  Indians  refused  to  remove  and  were 
therefore  left  at  the  old  agency.  I  do  not  think  the  removal  ought  to 
be  made,  although  the  consolidation  of  the  two  agencies  I  consider  de- 
sirable, either  at  the  Mescalero  Agency  or  by  the  removal  of  the  Jica- 
rillas  and  Mescaleros  to  San  Carlos,  and  the  consolidation  of  the  first 
two  agencies  with  the  last. 

DISARMING  THE  INDIANS. 

One  great  hindrance  to  the  civili2;ation  of  the  Indian  has  been  his 
passion  for  war  and  the  chase.  To  the  Indian  there  have  been  but  two 
paths  to  preferment,  that  of  war  and  the  chase.  His  standing  in  his 
tribe  depends  on  his  success  in  one  or  the  other  of  these  pursuits.  If 
lie  is  a  successful  hunter,  he  has  a  measure  of  fame;  if  a  successful  war- 
rior, he  accumulates  riches  and  gains  great  renown,  n©t  only  in  his  own 
but  neighboring  tribes.  All  honors  that  an  Indian  can  receive  at  the 
hands  of  his  tribe  are  his.  He  refuses  to  work,  without  being  indolent; 
for  the  patience,  perseverance,  courage,  and  energ-y  displayed  in  war 
and  the  chase  disprove  the  assertion,  so  often  made,  that  the  Indian  is 
too  lazy  to  work. 

The  frontier  farmer  who  subdues  the  forests,  tills  the  soil,  and  makes 
the  "wilderness  blossom  like  the  rose,"  makes  no  greater  physical  ex- 
ertion than  his  warlike  Indian  neighbor.  In  all  our  dealings  with  the 
Indian  we  have  fostered  Jiis  passion  for  war  and  the  chase.  We  have 
allowed  him  to  procure  arms  and  ammunition,  and  in  many  instances 
have  assisted  him  so  to  do.  The  highest  ambition  ofau  Indian  is  to  own  a 
gnn,  the  next  to  have  an  opportunity  to  use  it.  He  will  part  with  any- 
thing he  has  to  acquire  it,  and,  when  obtained,  it  will  be  the  last  thing 
he  will  dispose  of.  With  its  possession  comes  the  temptation  to  use  it. 
Well  armed,  he  is  a  warrior  waiting  for  an  opportunity  to  acquire  feme 
and  renown  in  his  tribe.  On  the  slightest  provocation  he  slays  his  ad- 
versary. He  kills  the  traditionary  enemies  of  his  tribe,  whether  white 
man  or  Indian,  without  provocation,  either  for  gain,  to  gi'atify  his  pas- 
sion for  blood,  or  to  secure  the  fame  that  awaits  a  successful  warrior. 


REPOliT   OF   THE    SECRETARY   OF   THE    rXTERIOR.  557 

He  is  not  restrained  by  law,  human  oi  divine,  and  has  not  the  moral 
capacity  to  understand  that  it  is  a  criiiio  to  kill  the  nnoflendiug  and  de- 
fenseless. If  a  white  man  wrongs  him,  he  wreaks  his  vengeance,  not 
on  the  wrongdoer  alone,  but  on  any  white  person  who  falls  within  his 
jiower.  He  will  wait  months  and  years,  and  when  the  ojiportunity  is 
presented,  ho  will  wreak  his  vengeance  on  the  innocent  and  unoffending. 
In  all  this  he  has  no  upbraidiugsor  compunctions  of  conscience,  for  his 
conduct  is  consonant  with  Indian  law  and  Indian  morals.  We  wonder 
at  his  ferocity,  forgetting  that  he  is  a  savage.  Armed  and  e^iuipped,  he 
is  proud,  arrogant,  and  dangerous;  unarmed,  he  is  humble,  timid,  and 
harmless.  Nearly  all  the  Indians  \vith  whom  we  have  ha<l  any  ditiiculty, 
or  with  whom  we  may  anticipate  trouble,  are  armed,  and  most  of  them 
well  armed. 

Feeble  efforts  have  been  made  from  time  to  time  to  prevent  the  sale 
of  arms  and  ammunition  to  the  Indians.  Yet  the  Indians  have  but  little 
or  no  trouble  to  procure  arms ;  the  limit  has  only  been  the  limit  of  their 
ability  to  pay  for  them.  The  government  has  armed  at  various  times 
scouts  and  police  with  improved  guns,  which  in  very  many  cases  have ' 
qaickly  found  their  way  into  the  hands  of  Indians,  who,  if  not  hostile 
at  the  time,  liave  soon  become  so  under  the  stimulus  of  a  good  gun  and 
plenty  of  ammunition.  Improved  Winchester  rifles  have  been  furnished 
to  the  police,  who  are  supposed  to  do  police  duty  only  on  the  reserva- 
tions. If  the  Indians  are  doing  only  police  duty,  they  do  not  need  and 
ought  not  to  use  Winchester  rifles.  If  it  is  necessary  that  they  have 
fire-arms,  the  policeman's  pistol,  used  by  the  policemen  of  our  cities,  wdl 
answer  all  purposes,  and  if  the  pistols  fall  into  the  hands  of  hostile  In- 
dians they  will  not  be  dangerous  to  the  settler.  Xo  Indian  will  venture 
out  on  a  raid  armed  only  with  a  ])istol ;  or  if  he  does,  as  a  raider  he  will 
he  comparatively  harmless  to  what  he  is  with  his  Winchester  rifle.  As 
soon  as  it  can  be  done  without  creatingundue  excitement  among  them, 
they  ouglit  to  be  disarmed  and  the  temptation  to  go  on  the  war-path 
taken  away.  They  have  no  further  use  for  iheir  guns,  for  the  game  is 
so  scarce  in  most  sections  that  it  forms  but  a  small  j)orlion  of  their  food, 
and  the  government  provides  or  should  provide  an  ample  supply  for  their 
support  without  their  resorting  to  the  fruits  of  the  chase. 

We  ought  not  to  depiivo  them  of  their  guns  without  com[>ensation, 
excei>t  as  a  punishment  for  crimes.  I  have  no  doid>t  that  most  of 
the  Indians  can  be  disarmed  by  agreeing  to  pay  them  for  tiieir  guns. 
They  should  have  their  title  to  the  land  secured  to  them  and  reasonable 
provision  made  for  them,  so  that  they  need  not  fear  that  they  will  be 
lemoved  or  compelled  to  resort  to  the  chase  for  a  living,  and  they  should 
surrender  their  guns  an<l  take  iu  their  stead  cattle,  shee|),  or  the  imple- 
ments of  agriculture.  When  the  Indian  can  be  compelled  or  persuaded 
to  give  up  his  gun,  he  will  be  ready  to  devote  his  energies  to  earning  a 
living,  instead  of  wasting  them  in  the  chase  or  in  raids  on  the  fwntier 
settlements.    Give  him  a  jjIow  in  x)lace  of  his  gun  and  a  hoc  in  place 


558     REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

of  a  tomahawk,  and  impress  on  his  mind  that  he  is  now  with  them,  in 
]):nt  at  least,  to  earn  his  own  support,  and  an  important  step  has  been 
taken  towards  .his  civilization  ;  for  labor  has  been,  and  ever  will  l)e,  the 
great  agent  of  civilization  of  the  human  race.  Without  labor  w(;  cannot 
hope  to  civilize  the  Indian,  and  we  can  do  no  greater  kindness  to  tlir. 
race  than  to  induce  them  to  labor.  This  we  shall  tind  it  ditlicult  to  do 
by  persuasion,  or  even  comimlsion,  while  they  have  arms  in  their  hands. 
I  therefore  suggest  that  the  Commissioner  of  Indian  Affairs  be  autbor- 
izexl  to  adopt  some  system  of  disarming  the  Indians,  and  to  that  end 
to  ]nirchase  the  arms  of  the  Indians  on  fair  terms,  and  that  suitable 
appropriation  be  made,  out  of  which  payment  shall  be  uiade,  an«l  that 
the  sale  of  arms  or  ammunition  to  Indians  holding  tribal  relations  be 
prohibited  under  severe  penalties. 

INDIAN  TITLES. 

Much  has  been  said  of  late  concerning  the  title  to  Indian  lauds.  It 
has  proved  the  subject  of  elaborate  discussions  in  Congress,  and  is  ap- 
parently no  nearer  a  determination  than  it  was  years  ago. 

It  is  said  that  the  Indians  are  demanding  land  in  severalty ;  that  is, 
that  each  individual  Indian  is  desirous  that  his  due  share  of  the  whole 
land  of  his  tribe  shall  be  set  apart  for  him^and  he  receive  a  patent  there- 
for. 

This  claim  was  made  for  the  Indians  in  the  year  1646,  and  Elliott,  the 
apostle  of  the  Indians,  procured  the  allotment  of  land  and  the  settle- 
ment of  the  Indians  on  such  allotments ;  but  they  did  not  remain  on 
them,  and  the  system  was  for  a  time  abandoned.  It  has  been  renewed 
at  various  times,  and  very  large  numbers  of  treaties  made  with  the  In- 
dians have  contained  provisions  for  such  allotment  on  the  request  ot 
the  Indians.  Very  few  Indians  have  availed  themselves  of  this  privilege, 
and  those  who  have  done  so  have  in  most  cases  disposed  of  their  lands 
as  soon  as  they  could. 

The  right  of  property,  as  recognized  by  an  Indian,  is  the  right  in  his 
clan.  All  right  to  the  soil  and  the  productions  thereof  inhere  in  the 
clan,  and  he  who  takes  land  in  severalty,  or  cultivates  the  common  soil 
to  the  exclusion  of  others,  is  guilty  of  a  crime  against  Indian  society. 

The  savage  Indian  objects  to  land  in  severalty,  because  he  has  been 
taught,  both  as  a  question  of  i^olitical  economy  and  Indian  morals,  that 
it  is  a  crime  to  divide  the  land  and  allow  one  man  to  own  it  to  the  ex- 
clusion of  another.  The  more  enlightened  Indians  object  to  it  because 
they  know  that  when  the  limitation  against  alienation  has  expired  the 
great  mass  of  Indians  will  part  with  their  title  and  become  landless 
vagabonds.  For  this  reason  the  Kew  York  Indians  aud  the  civilized 
tribes  of  the  Indian  Territory  refuse  to  receive  laud  in  severalty.  No 
greater  misfortune  can  befall  the  Indian  race  than  when  their  lands  are 
allotted  and  patents  issue  therefor,  even  though  the  period  of  aliena- 
tion should  be  fixed  at  twenty-five  years,  as  has  frequently  been  proposed. 


REPORT  OP  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     559 

Notwithstanding  tbo  Indian  polity  demands  that  the  land  be  held 
in  common,  the  fields  are  not  tilled  in  common,  but  each  laborer  selects 
his  piece  of  land  and  tills  it  with  as  much  safety  from  intrusion  from 
his  neighbor  as  if  he  had  a  patent. 

That  the  Indians  are  dissatisfied  with  the  titles  given  cannot  be  de- 
nied, and  that  they  are  demanding  a  title  from  the  government  there  ib 
abundant  proof.  A  title  to  the  tribe,  such  as  was  given  to  the  five  civi- 
lized tribes  of  the  Indian  Territory,  is  consistent  with  Indian  polity 
and  insures  to  the  Indian  exemption  from  the  invasion  of  aggressive 
whites  as  well  as  from  interference  by  the  government,  which  is  more 
to  be  feared  by  the  Indians  than  even  the  invasion  of  the  "  whites." 

To  this  end,  that  the  Indians  may  be  secure  in  their  titles  and  have 
the  assurance  that  they  will  not  be  removed,  except  by  their  free  con- 
sent, I  recommend  the  passage  of  a  law  to  give  each  tribe  a  patent  for 
the  land  the  government  has  guaranteed  to  it,  leaving  the  Indians  to 
determine  the  question  of  allotment  for  themselves.  This  system  has 
given  entire  satisfaction  to  the  civilized  Indians  of  the  Indian  Territory, 
and  is  consonant  with  Indian  law  and  religion. 

TRIBAL  RELATIONS. 

Much  has  been  said  of  late  of  the  evils  of  the  tribal  relation,  and 
efiorts  have  been  made  to  destroy  this  system  and  to  treat  the  Indian 
as  we  treat  the  individual  white  man.  The  tribal  relation  is  not  with- 
out its  objections,  yet  it  is  the  best  and  only  system  adapted  to  the  wants 
of  the  savage,  or  even  partially  civilized  Indian,  and  its  maintenance, 
f(U'  a  time  at  least,  is  essential  to  suc(;ess  in  attempting  his  civilization. 

The  jurisdiction  of  the  United  States  over  the  Indian  is  limited  to  the 
Indians  remaining  members  of  a  tribe..  When  the  tribal  relation  is 
once  destroyed  they  will  be  beyond  the  i)rotecting  care  of  the  United 
States,  and  the  intercourse  laws  will  be  without  force.  (See  Kansas  In- 
dians, 5  Wallace,  page  737.) 

While  it  is  necessary  that  the  tribal  relations  be  continued  to  enable 
the  government  to  allbrd  txitho  Indians  the  protection  they  need,  until 
by  education  they  are  enabled  to  compete  with  their  aggressive  and 
avaricious  white  competitors,  it  is  not  necessary  that  the  government 
in  its  dealings  with  them  should  treat  them,  as  it  has  done,  as  in- 
dependent nations,  or  even  as  dopondoncios.  Tlie  treaties  heretofore 
niade  that  are  found  to  be  injurious  to  the  Indians  should  bo  modified 
by  the  legislative  authority  of  the  govcinment,  having  due  reganl  to 
the  necessities  of  the  Indians,  and  what  is  needful  legislation  lor  the 
Indians  ought  to  be  determined  by  Congress  and,  not  by  the  Indians 
themselves. 

The  government  should  assume  the  control  of  Indian  affairs,  legislat- 
ing for  them  as  it  legislates  for  whites  under  its  exclusive  control.  In 
all  questions  touching  ])roi)erty  rights  the  same  rule  should  be  ai)])lied 
to  the  Indians  that  is  applied  to  the  white  man,  and  the  obligation  of 


560     EEPOET  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

the  govemmont  with  relation  to  stipulated  payments  or  fsratuities  to  the 
Indians  shoiilil  be  treated  in  the  same  spirit  that  we  treat  the  obliga- 
tion that  we  denominate  the  public  debt. 

All  legislation  sbotild  look  to  the  ultimate  dissolution  of  the  tribal 
relation,  but  not  until  by  education  and  discipline  we  have  truined  the 
Indiana  to  dispense  with  that  relation. 

RESERVATIONS.   • 

The  reservation  system  like  the  tribal  relation  is  not  without  objection, 
and  yet  in  the  present  condition  of  the  great  mass  of  the  Indians,  can- 
not be  dispensed  with.  It  will  not  do  to  treat  the  uncivilized  Indian 
as  capable  of  taking  care  of  himself,  even  if  he  has  a  patent  for  ICO  acres 
or  more  of  land.  These  reservations  ought  to  be  sufficient  for  the  sup- 
port of  the  Indians  who  reside  on  them,  with  a  reasonable  allowance  for 
increase  of  the  Indian  population,  but  they  should  not  be  disproportion- 
ate to  the  wants  of  the  Indians.  Very  many  of  these  reservations  con- 
tain large  areas  of  valuable  lapd  that  cannot  be  cultivated  by  the  In- 
dians,  even  though  they  were  as  energetic  and  laborious  as  the  best 
class  of  white  agriculturists.  All  such  reservations  ought  to  be  reduced 
in  size,  and  the  surplus  not  needed  ought  to  be  bought  by  the  govern- 
ment and  opened  to  the  operation  of  the  homestead  law,  and  it  would  then 
soon  be  settled  by  industrious  whites,  who,  as  neighbors,  would  become 
valuable  auxiliaries  in  the  work  of  civilizing  the  Indians  residing  on  the 
remainder  of  the  reservation.  When  thus  reduced,  the  government 
should  issue  to  the  tribe  its  patent,  vesting  in  the  tribe  the  title  in  fee 
simple  as  fully  as  it  does  the  title  to  the  160  acres  given  to  the  settler. 

.   CRIMES. 

My  predecessor  called  attention  to  the  necessity  for  legislation  for  the 
detection  and  punishment  of  crime  on  reservations,  whether  committed 
by  white  men  on  Indians,  or  Indians  on  white  men,  or  by  Indians  on 
each  other.  I  fully  concur  with  hiia  iu  his  views  therein  expressed,  and 
I  trust  that  some  legislation  on  this  subject  may  be  had  at  the  approach- 
ing session  of  Congress.  There  should  also  be  further  legislation  to 
punish  the  invasion  of  the  Indian  Territory  by  unauthorized  persons. 
The  penalty  consists  of  a  fine  only,  and  the  imposition  of  a  fine  on  people 
who  are  without  visible  means  of  support  is,  in  effect,  no  punishment  at 
all.  To  the  fine  now  imposed  by  law,  there  should  bo  added  imprison- 
ment. 

TIMBER  AND  MINES   ON  RESERVATIONS. 

« 

The  Commissioner  of  Indian  Affairs  has  called  attention  to  The  law 
concerning  the  rights  of  the  Indians  to  cut  and  remove  timber  from  the 
reservations.  In  the  case  of  Cook  vs.  the  United  States  (19  ^Vallac<^,  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  held  that  Indians  could  not  legally 
cut  for  sale  timber  growing  on  their  reservations.    Under  this  decision  the 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETAKT  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     561 

cutting  of  gTo\vin;>-  tim]jci\  the  mining-  of  coal,  as  well  as  the  precious 
metals,  is  waste.  The  Indians  ought  to  be  allowed  to  do  whatever  a 
good  business  man  would  if  the  reservation  was  his  iinder  like  circum- 
stances. If  the  Indians  will  mine  coal,  cut  timber  and  manufacture  it 
into  lumber,  they  ought  to  be  allowed  to  do  so.  AVhenever  and  wher- 
ever an  Indian  shows  a  disposition  to  work  he  ought  to  be  encouraged- 
The  Secretary-  of  the  Interior  should  have  authority  to  grant  to  the  In- 
dians permits  tx)  cut  timber  and  mine  coal,  and  to  dispose  of  the  same. 

STOCK-RAISING. 

At  least  one-half  of  the  Indian  reservations  are  better  adapted  to 
stock-raising  than  agriculture,  and  it  is  less  difficult  to  induce  an  Indian 
to  engage  in  herding  than  in  agricultural  j)ur>uitH.  If  ten  years  ago 
suitable  provision  had  been  made  for  furnishing  herds  at  such  agencies 
as  are  especially  adapted  to  stock-raising,  the  Indians  at  such  agencies 
would  now  lie  largely  independent  of  government  aid.  At  most  agen- 
cies the  Indians  will,  under  tlie  direction  of  the  agent,  take  care  of  tho 
stock.  In  a  few  instances  it  may  be  necessary  to  provide  a  white  fore- 
man to  teach  the  Indians  how  to  take  care  of  the  herd.  In  some  cases 
the  herd  should  bo  the  common  property  of  the  tribe;  in  others  the 
stock  should  be  parceled  out  to  the  Indians  who  are  willing  and  able 
to  take  care  of  the  same.  When  herds  are  provided  for  the  tribe  it 
should  be  with  the  ultimate  purpose  of  distributing  the  same  among 
the  Indians  as  soon  as  they  furnish  proof  of  their  willingness  and  ability- 
to  take  care  of  the  stock.  The  possession  of  herds  and  flocks  will  not 
only  benefit  the  Indians  by  providing  subsistence,  but  will  compel  them 
to  abandon  their  nomadic  habits. 

In  18(50  tho  Navajo  Indians  of  New  Mexico  had  about  1,000  sheep  and 
goats.  In  November  of  that  year  the  government  furnished  them  with 
14,000  sheep  and  1,000  goats,  at  a  cost  of  $30,000.  The  repoit  of  their 
agent  shows  that  this  number  has  increased  to  000,000  sliecp  and  i'00,000 
goats.  In  1881  the  agent  reported  tho  wool-clip  at  1,000,000  iwunds,  and 
that  200,000  pounds  had  been  manufactured  into  blankets.  These  In- 
dians, numbering  1(J,000,  by  means  of  this  small  outlay,  in  thirteen  years 
have  become  self-supporting,  the  total  a[>propriation  for  their  subsistence 
for  the  fiscal  year  1883  being  only  $.j,000.  Frojn  1870  to  1882,  inclusive, 
the  total  af)i»roi)riation  for  their  support  was  $1,270,44,"),  or  an  annual 
appropriation  of  over  808,000.  During  the  years  1870,  1871,  and  1872 
the  a]iproi)riations  fortheirsnbsistence  amounted  to  a  total  of  $.')82,37o. 
During  the  years  1881,  1882,  and  1883  the  appropriations  for  like  i)ur- 
poses  amoujitcd  to  a  total  of  >!.")8.(MI0 ;  and  lioreafter  there  will  be  no 
necessity  for  an  ajipropriation  lt)r  their  subsisteni^e.  No  better  illustra- 
tion can  be  had  of  the  wisdom  of  that  policy  which  looks  toward  aiding 
the  Indian  to  support  himself  instead  of  supporting  him  at  governnu'nt 
expense. 

The  Commissioner  reports  that  there  is  due  these  Indians  under  th© 
36  Ab 


562      REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

^  seventh  article  of 'the  treaty  of  June,  1868,  the  sum  of  $156,651.74.  To 
carry  out  iho  ]ir(»visioiis  of  Article  7  of  this  treaty  Cong:ress  appropriated 
$200,000;  of  tliis  Rum  )^53,348.'J6  was  expended,  and  the  bidance, 
$156,651.74,  was  carried  to  the  credit  of  the  suri^lus  fund.  The  Attor- 
ney-Genera] has  decided  that  appropriations  of  this  character  are  ex- 
empt from  the  operation  of  tlie  suri^lus-fuud  act.  Tliis  appears  to  be  a 
just  claim  against  the  government,  and  I  concur  with  the  Commissioner 
in  recommending  that  this  amount  be  re-appropriated,  and  that  it  be 
expended  according  to  the  provisions  of  Article  7  of  said  treaty.  It  will 
prove  a  great  stimulus  to  these  Indians  who  are  making  such  praise- 
worthy eflbrts  at  self-support. 

THE  NOKTIIERN  CHEYENNES. 

In  1877  the  jS'orthern  Cheycnnes  were  removed  to  the  Indian  Terri- 
tory. Much  dissatisfaction  existed  at  the  time  of  the  removal,  and  it 
has  continued  ever  since.  These  Indians  have  always  felt  that  in  their 
removal  they  have  been  greatly  wronged,  and  in  1878  a  band  of  them 
attempted  to  return  to  their  old  home.  After  leaving  the  Indian  Terri- 
tory they  committed  many  outrages  on  the  people  of  Kansas,  and  were 
in  the  end  nearly  exterminated  by  the  U.  S.  troops.  Those  remaining 
have  ever  since  demanded  to  be  removed  to  their  former  home  or  its 
vicinity.  Secretary  Schurz,  under  whose  order  the  removal  \yas  made, 
declared  in  his  Annual  Eeport  of  1880  that  he  regretted  such  removal. 

In  October,  1881,  Little  Chief  and  his  band,  235  in  all,  left  the  Chey- 
enne and  Arapahoe  Agency  and  proceeded  to  Pine  Kidge,  Dakota; 
others  to  the  number  of  82  joined  them,  and  they  are  all  at  the  Pine 
Eidge  Agency.  There  are  now  remaining  in  the  Indian  Temtory  684 
of  the  Northern  Cheyennes,  who  are  not  only  anxious  but  determined 
to  join  their  kindred  in  Dakota.  They  declare  that  they  will  go  with- 
out the  consent  of  the  Interior  Department,  if  such  consent  is  much 
longer  withheld.  I  do  not  believe  these  Indians  will  be  satisfied  in 
their  present  ht)me,  and  I  believe  it  will  be  for  the  interest  of  the  In- 
dians and  the  government  alike  to  return  them  to  their  former  home  in 
the  Territory  of  Dakota.  The  Sioux  at  Pine  Ridge  Agency  have  ex- 
j)ressed  a  willingness  to  receive  the  Northern  Cheyennes  and  allow  them 
to  live  at  that  agency.  This  I  understand  will  be  agreeable  to  the 
Cheyennes,  and  I  therefore  recommend  that  such  removal  be  authorized, 
and  a  suitable  appropriation  be  provided  for  this  removal  and  their  sup- 
port at  such  new  location. 

JOSEPH'S  BAND  OF  NEZ  PERCES. 

The  number  of  this  band  now  in  the  Indian  Territory  is  90  men,  146 
women,  54  boys,  and  33  girls,  making  a  total  of  323.  Of  those  wlio 
surrendered  at  Bear  Pan  Mountain,  IMontana,  in  October,  1877,  431 
were  transferred  to  Fort  Leavenworth  at  one  time,  and  a  few  others, 
subsequently  caj)tured,  were  also  taken  to  that  post.    In  July,  1878, 


REPORT  OP  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     563 

410  were  turned  over  to  the  Interior  Department  and  taken  to  the  In- 
dian Territory.  Notwithstanding  the  births  since  that  time,  the  total 
number  has  decreased  to  that  given  above. 

Believing  that  the  war,  which  exiled  these  people  from  Idaho,  was  the 
result  of  a  failure  of  the  government  to  keep  its  pbghted  faith,  as  a 
member  of  the  United  States  Senate  I  opposed  their  removal  against 
their  will  to  the  Indian  Territory'.  I  considered  such  removal  a  viola- 
tion of  the  terms  on  which  they  had  surrendered.  They  had  been  forced 
into  war,  and  contending  with  an  army  far  outnumbering  them,  had 
made  a- fight  almost  without  a  parallel  in  the  annals  of  history,  extend- 
ing over  a  district  of  more  than  1,300  miles,  and  then,  though  en- 
trenched in  the  rocks  where  they  could  not  have  been  dislodged  without 
great  loss  of  life  to  the  Army,  as  well  as  themselves,  surrendered,  as 
Joseph  says,  because  he  did  not  want  any  more  lives  sacrificed. 

General  Miles,  the  officer  to  whom  the  surrender  was  made,  says,  in 
a  communication  addressed  to  the  President  in  February,  1881,  that  he 
informed  them  tliat  it  was  the  design  of  the  government  to  place  them 
upon  what  is  known  as  the  small  Nez  Perces  reservation  in  Idaho,  and 
he  believes  a  due  regard  for  his  word,  the  good  faith  of  the  govern- 
ment, and  every  other  consideration  require  that  his  promise  given  the 
Nez  Perces  at  that  time  be  made  good.  He  further  speaks  of  the  hard- 
ships suffered  by  the  Xez  Perces  in  consequence  of  their  removal  to  the 
Indian  Territory,  and  recommends  that  they  be  returned  to  Idaho. 

I  concur  in  these  recommendations,  and  recommend  that  provisions 
be  made  to  carry  them  out. 

The  Xez  Perces  have  changed  very  much  in  manner  of  living  and 
style  of  dress  since  going  to  the  Indian  Territory.  Nearly  or  quite  all 
of  them  have  adopted  citizens' clothing.  They  liaveau  organized  church — 
Presbyterian — of  over  one  hundred  and  fifty  members ;  have  been  in- 
dustrious, and  ready  to  respond  to  any  requirements  of  the  department. 
Their  advancement  in  civilization  has  been  such  that  it  is  not  believed 
any  trouble  would  follow  their  return  to  Idaho.  Their  faith  in  the  ulti- 
)nate  fulfilling  of  the  promise  made  them  of  being  returned  to  that 
country  has  been  a  strong  incentive  to  tliem  in  the  advancement  they 
have  made.  Some  assistance  by  the  government  would  be  necessary  in 
lie!i)ingtheni  to  make  ;i  commencement  after  reaching  there,  when  they 
would  be  self-supporting,  as  those  of  the  tribe  now  there  are. 

CIVILIZATION    FUND. 

From  July,  1877,  to  -July,  ISSI,  tlierc  was  i)laced  to  the  credit  of  this 
lund  the  sum  of  fJ'TlOjCKK),  derived  from  the  sale  of  certain  Indian  lands 
in  Kansas.  Of  this  sum  ><."iOO,()()()  was  I'xpcndcd  in  tho  «'stal>lishuient 
and  siippoj-t  of  schools,  and  the  remainder  in  the  purchase  of  wagons, 
farming  tools,  stock,  «S:c.,  with  the  exception  of  about  $4,800  now  on 
hand. 

It  will  be  seen  that  this  sum  has  been  treated  as  a  contingent  fund, 


564     REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

and  was  drawn  on  in  all  cases  where,  in  the  judgment  of  the  Secretary 
of  the  Inteiior,  the  money  could  be  profitably  used  in  the  work  of  civil- 
izing the  Indians.  It  will  be  notic«'d  that  the  annual  expenditure  from 
that  fund  was  something  over  $175,000.  It  cannot  be  doubted  that  the 
use  of  such  fund  has  greatly  advanced  the  cause  of  Indian  (;ivilization, 
and  it  is  doubtful  whether  any  appropriation  of  equal  amount  for  specific 
purposes  has  been  as  beneficial  as  that  fund. 

In  making  estimates  as  to  the  cost  of  greater  efficiency  in  the  school 
service  It  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  not  less  than  8125,000  per  annum 
was  used  from  that  fund  in  the  support  of  schools.  It  is  very  difficult 
to  estimate  each  year  for  the  wants  and  needs  of  the  Indian  ser^ice.  A 
liberal  contingent  fund  should  therefore  be  provided,  to  be  used,  in  the 
discretion  of  the  Secretary,  whenever,  through  inattention,  neglect,  or 
ignorance  of  the  necessities  of  the  case,  i)roper  provision  has  not  been 
made. 

PERMANENT  FUND  FOR  SCHOOLS. 

The  sums  to  be  appropriated  for  Indian  education  ought  to  fixed,  and 
not  dependent  on  the  action  of  Congress  at  each  session,  and  I  there- 
fore recommend  that  certain  incomes  be  set  apart  by  law  to  be  used  as 
such  fund.  The  net  receipts  of  the  sales  of  public  lands  during  the  last 
four  years  have  amounted  to  $14,350,877.77,  or  a  yearly  average  of 
$3,589,219.44.  During  the  last  year  such  sales  amounted  to  $7,189,859.89. 
It  cannot  be  supposed,  however,  that  the  sales  will  be  as  large  during 
the  next  four  years,  and  they  will  doubtless  grow  less  each  year  for 
many  years  to  come.  The  moneys  arising  from  such  sale  would  at 
least  furnish  a  fund  as  the  basis  of  such  school  fund,  and  I  therefore 
recommend  that  the  moneys  received  from  the  sale  of  public  lands  and 
the  fees  in  excess  of  the  expenses  of  such  sale  be  set  apart  as  a  perma- 
nent fund  for  the  education  of  Indian  children,  and  to  this  there  should 
be  added  a  sum  sufficient  to  educate  the  number  of  children  that  it  is 
thought  advisable  to  put  in  the  manual-labor  schools. 

The  act  making  appropriation  for  the  current  and  contingent  ex- 
penses of  the  Indian  Department,  approved  May  17,  1882,  requires  the 
inspector  of  Indian  schools  to — 

report  a  pliiu  for  carrying  into  effect,  in  tlie  most  economical  and  efficient  manner, 
all  existing  treaty  stipulations  for  tlie  education  of  Indians,  with  careful  estimates 
of  the  cost  thereof;  also  a  plan  and  estimates  for  educating  all  Indian  youths  for  -whom 
no  such  provision  now  exists,  and  estimates  of  what  sun)s  can  be  saved  from  existing 
expenditures  for  Indian  support  by  the  adoption  of  such  plan. 

I  herewith  submit  his  report. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Interior  was  authorized  by  said  act — 

to  cause  to  be  constructed  at  a  point  in  the  Indian  Territory,  adjacent  to  the  southern 
boundary  of  the  State  of  Kansas,  and  near  to  the  Ponca  and  Pawnee  Reservations,  and 
upon  a  section  of  land  suitable  in  quality  andlocation  for  the  industrial  purposesof  said 
school,  which  section  of  laud  is  hereby  reserved  for  said  purpose,  a  building  suitable 
in  size  and  convenience  for  the  instruction  and  care  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  Indian 
children,  and  shall  cause  to  be  instructed  therein,  in  the  English  language  and  in  in- 


REPORT   OF   THE    SECRETARY    OP   THE    INTElflOR.  565 

dustrial  pursuits,  tbe  children  of  such  oi'  tho  Indian  tribes  located  in  the  Indian  Ter- 
ritory as  are  least  provided  for  under  existing  treaties  and  laws. 

The  location  of  such  school  lias  been  made  alter  careful  examination 
of  the  country  by  the  inspector  of  Indian  schools.  He  recommends 
that  there  be  added  another  section  of  land,  and  in  this  recommenda- 
tion I  concur. 

The  Secretary  was  also — 

authorized  to  cause  to  he  constructed,  at  some  suitable  point  on  tlie  Sioux  Reserva- 
tion, in  Dakota  Territory,  and  upon  a  section  of  land  suitable  in  quality  anU  location 
for  tho  industrial  purposes  of  said  school,  which  section  of  land  is  hereby  reserved  for 
said  purpose,  a  biiilding  suitable  in  size  and  convenience  for  tho  instruction  and  care 
of  one  hundred  and  tifty  Indian  children,  and  shall  cause  to  be  iustructetl  therein,  in 
the  English  language  and  in  industrial  pursuits,  the  children  of  the  Indian  tribes 
located  on  said  reservation,  unless  he  should  think  best  to  establish  such  school  at  the 
late  Pawnee  Agency,  in  the  State  of  Nebraska. 

After  a  careful  considei'ation  of  the  advantages  of  a  school  in  Nebraska 
the  school  was  located  at  the  Pawnee  Agency.  The  old  school  building 
at  this  point  will  be  useful  when  repaired.  At  this  point  the  govern- 
ment owns  but  160  acres  of  land,  on  which  the  old  building  stands.  An 
appropriation  was  made  for  160  acres  more.  The  inspector  of  Indian 
schools  recommends  the  purchase  of  160  acres  additional,  making  480 
acres  in  all.    In  this  I  concur. 

These  two  schools  will  accommodate  about  300  children,  and  should 
be  enlarged  to  accommodate  in  each  school  not  less  than  three  hundred. 
It  is  economy  to  put  from  three  hundred  to  four  hundred  children  in 
one  school. 

INDIAJN  EDUCATION. 

The  subject  of  Indian  education  has  been  one  of  interest  to  the  peo- 
ple ever  since  the  early  settlement  of  the  country.  The  early  settlers 
devoted  much  time  and  money  to  the  education  of  Indian  youths.  They 
collected  large  sums  of  money  and  established  schools  exclusively  for 
their  benefit.  There  appears  to  have  been  no  ditliculty  in  obtaining  pu- 
]>ils,  and  a  number  of  Indians  are  reported  as  having  graduated  with 
honorable  distinction  from  some  of  the  better  class  of  such  schools. 
This  eflbrt  seems  to  have  been  confined  ])rincii)al]y  to  Ihe  education  of 
tlie  young  men  with  the  purpose  of  making  teachers  of  them,  with  the 
expectation  that  they  would  ultimately  organize  schools  in  the  wilder- 
ness for  the  education  of  the  mass  of  the  Indian  children  who  could  not 
bo  brought  under  the  intluenco  of  white  teachers. 

It  was  supposed  by  tho  friends  of  the  cause  of  Indian  education  that 
the  knowledge  of  letters  ought  to  ])recede  all  other  knowledge  of  civil- 
ized affairs,  and  so  but  little  elVort  was  made  to  do  more  than  instinct 
them  in  the  knowledge  of  books  and  ac«iuaiut  them  with  theological 
doctrines  that  even  their  well-informed  white  neighbors  did  not  under- 
stand, and  concerning  wliich  tliey  did  not  attempt  to  agree. 

Little  or  no  effort  was  made  to  educate  tiiem  as  laborers.  Tlie  Indian 
children  were  not  behind  their  white  associates  in  committing  to  mem- 


566     REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

ory  the  contents  of  their  books,  and  all  accounts  agree  that  they  made 
commendable  progress  in  their  literary  ])ursuits.  The  same  success  did 
not,  however,  attend  the  efiorts  made  with  reference  to  their  religious 
education.  This  effort  to  civilize  them  through  a  literary  and  religious 
education,  as  might  have  been  supposed,  iiroved  a  failure.  Tliis  system 
of  Indian  education,  after  a  trial  of  nearly  two  hundred  and  fifty  years, 
has  produced  but  scanty  results.  No  intelligent  efibrt  appears  to  have 
been  made  to  educate  the  masses  of  the  Indian  children,  for  tlie  attempt 
made  1)5'  the  government  through  a  few  worthless  agency  day  schools 
cannot  be  designated  as  an  "intelligent  eftbrt,"  and  appears  to  have 
been  of  little  or  no  benefit  to  the  Indian  race.  Excei)tion,  of  course, 
must  be  made  to  the  in^aiseworthy  efforts  of  the  civilized  Indians  of  the 
Indian  Territory  to  educate  their  children  at  their  own  expense. 

Within  the  last  ten  years  much  interest  has  been  awakened  among 
the  people  with  reference  to  the  cause  of  Indian  education,  and  the  na- 
tional legislation  on  that  subject  has  been  in  answer  to  the  demand  made 
by  the  people. 

It  is  not  necessary  to  discuss  the  question  whether  the  Indian  is  capa- 
ble of  receiving  an  education,  and  if  capable,  is  willing.  That  he  is 
capable  has  been  fully  demonstrated.  That  he  is  willing  has  been 
proved  by  the  ease  with  which  the  few  Indian  schools  properly  con- 
ducted are  supplied  with  pujjils.  The  number  of  Indian  children  in 
school  is  limited  to  the  provisions  made  for  their  support.  jMany  more 
might  be  added  if  the  appropriation  was  sufficiently  liberal  for  their 
support.  The  Indians  being  capable  of  and  willing  to  receive  an  edu- 
cation, it  cannot  be  doubted  that  it  is  the  duty  of  the  government  to 
provide  the  means.  If,  however,  any  one  is  disposed  to  deny  the  obli- 
gation of  the  government  in  that  behalf,  none  will  deny  that  it  is  wis- 
dom on  the  part  of  the  government  to  supply  the  means  of  education  to 
all  such  as  are  willing  and  capable  of  receiving  it;  for,  if  their  educa- 
tion proceeds  in  the  right  direction,  the  government  will  relieve  itself 
of  the  support  of  persons  who  contribute  nothing  to  the  common  stock, 
and  in  their  jdace  create  men  who  will  by  their  labor  add  to  the  wealth 
of  the  country. 

If,  then,  it  is  either  the  duty  of  the  government  or  dictated  by  sound 
principles  of  political  economy  to  educate  the  Indian  cJiildren,  it  only 
remains  to  be  seen  whether  that  end  can  be  accoinplislicd  with  an  out- 
lay of  money  the  expenditure  of  which  will  be  within  the  true  princi- 
ple of  governmental  economy. 

If  we  consider  the  object  and  purpose  of  the  education  of  the  Indian 
t«  be  to  relieve  the  government  ultimately  of  his  support  ami  de])end- 
ency,  div^esting  the  question  of  all  sentiment,  looking  at  it  only  as  a 
question  of  political  economy,  we  need  only  inquire  what  does  it  cost 
to  support  him  in  his  ignorance,  and  whether  he  will  be  able  to  supi)ort 
himself  with  an  education.     It  is  believed  that  from  four  to  five  years' 


EEPOET  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     567 

scbooliiig,  with  proper  manual-labor  training,  will  make  them  indepi^nd- 
ent  of  government  aid. 

The  whole  number  of  Imliau  children  (exclusive  of  the  iNewyork  In- 
dians and  the  five  civilized  tribes)  between  the  ages  of  seven  and  six- 
teen years  is  sui)posed  to  be  about  .{8,01)0;  of  tliis  number  the  report 
of  the  C'/ommissioner  of  Indian  Affairs  shows  tliiit  8,.j08  are  attending 
scliool,  of  which  about  4,078  are  attending  boarding  school  antl  the 
balance  day  schools.  But  it  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  day  schools 
are  kept  open  only  a  short  time,  and  the  irregular  manner  in  which  the 
<!ljildren  attend  while  open  lenders  them  of  little  or  no  value.  The  ad- 
vantage derived  from  such  attendance  is  hardly  perceptible.  Tlie  In- 
dian can  only  be  properly  educated  in  manual -labor  schools.  What  he 
nex'ds  is  not  simply  a  literary  eilucation,  he  must  be  educated  to  labor, 
and  his  literary  attainments  will  be  of  no  real  benefit  to  him  unless  he 
has  also  learned  to  take  care  of  himself  and  i)rovide  for  his  jjhysical 
wants.  He  must  be  taught  to  labor  in  the  field;  when  to  sow  aud  when 
to  reap;  to  care  for  cattle,  hor.ses,  .sheep,  and  swine;  in  fine,  he  must  be  a 
herdsman  or  farmer,  or  both.  Some  may  become  laborers  in  other  fields, 
but  the  gi'cat  mass  of  the  Indians  must  either  become  farmers  or  stock- 
raisers.  If  we  educate  a  few  Indian  cliildren  out  of  the  many  in  a  tribe, 
the  infiuence  of  the  many  uneducated  will  be  more  i)owerful  than  the 
influence  of  the  few  educated,  and  the  educated  wiU  soon  go  back  to 
the  savage  ways  of  the  more  numerous  class,  and  the  benefits  of  their 
education  be  lost  to  them  and  the  government.  At  least  one-half  of  all 
the  Indian  cliildren  of  school  age  should  be  put  in  manual-labor  schools, 
and  more  attention  should  be  paid  to  teaching  them  to  labor  than  to 
read.  Neither  should  b(»  neglected.  They  can  be  made  skillful  farm- 
ers and  meclianics  much  more  readily  than  they  can  be  made  schuliys. 
While  in  school  they  should  be  allowed  to  speak  English  only. 

At  least  one-half  of  the  children  select^'d  for  such  seliools  ouglit  u>  be 
girls,  who  should  be  taught  to  si)in  and  weave,  maV*  their  own  clotii- 
ing,  take  care  of  the  house,  and  become  suitable  ct>mi)anions  of  the 
educated  males.  The  school  p«>riod  should  not  be  less  than  four  years, 
and  in  exceptional  cases  even  longer  than  thai.  Manual  labor  schools 
should  be  established  in  different  sectit)ns  of  the  country,  nut  distant 
from  the  Indians,  yet  far  enough  away  to  b«^  beyond  the  infiuence  of 
those  oi)posed  to  education,  and  that  the  children  may  see  as  little  as 
I)OSsibleof  savage  life. 

It  is  notsupi)osed  that  one-half  of  the  Indian  children  can  be  taken 
at  once  from  their  parents  and  put  into  schools,  even  if  the  govern- 
ment was  i>repared  solo  do;  but  it  is  b<'iieved  that  by  the  time  the 
government  can  secure  the  facilities  for  the  e<lncation  <>l  that  nninber 
of  children  there  will  be  no  difiiculty  in  obtaining  them. 
.  A  large  number  can  be  provided  for  in  the  several  manual  lalxir 
schools  of  the  different  States,  The  <;iJi>:i(ity  of  the  labor  s('hoi»ls 
already  established  can  be  increased  so  as  to  accommodate  a  large  num- 


568  UEPOKT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    TJIE    INTERIOR. 

ber.  A  number  of  IJDited  States  military  posts,  no  longer  needed 
for  military  [)uri)ost'.s,  ciin  be  used  for  tlie  purpose  of  Indian  schools, 
the  government  thereby  saving  the  cost  of  erection  of  buildings,  &c. 
With  liberal  ai)propriations  it  is  quite  possible  to  provide  for  the  educa- 
tion often  thousund  Indian  youths  in  manual  labor  schools  during 
the  fiscal  ye^ir  1884,  and  at  least  twice  that  number  during  the  liscal 
year  1885. 

The  care,  support,  and  education  of  10,000  Indian  youths  during  the 
tiscal  year  1884  ought  not  to  exceed  $2,500,000,  and  with  the  increased 
number  of  children  there  ought  to  be  a  reduction  in  the  cost,  and  the 
expense  of  20,000  children  ought  not  to  exceed  $4,000,000  per  annum. 
To  the  20,000,  costing  annually  .$4,000,000,  ought  each  year  to  be  added 
not  less  than  one-fourth  that  number,  which,  at  the  same  expense  per 
capita,  will  necessitate  an  additional  appropriation  of  $1,000,000,  and 
the  account  will  stand  thus  : 

10,000  children,  fiscal  year  1884,  coniputiDg  the  cost  at  $250  each $2,500,000 

20,000  children,  fiscal  year  1885,  at  $200  each 4,000,000 

25,000  children,  fiscal  year  1886,  at  $200  each 5,000,000 

30,000  children,  fiscal  year  1887,  at  §200 each 0,000,000 

25,000  children,  fiscal  year  1888,  at  $200  each 5, 000, 000 

The  per  capita  allowance  is  gieater  than  the  cost  at  the  agency 
boarding  school8,.but  these  schools  are  not  kept  up  more  than  nine  or 
ten  months,  while  this  estimate  is  for  attendance  for  the  full  calendar 
year. 

At  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year  1887  10,000  children,  having  completed 
their  school  course,  can  be  discharged,  leaving  with  the  5,000  to  be 
added  for  the  fiscal  year  1888,  25,000.  Ten  thousand  of  these  may  be 
discharged  at  the  end  of  the  fiscal  year  1888,  leaving,  with  the  addition 
of  5,000,  20,000  for  the  fiscal  year  1889;  and  every  year  thereafter  one- 
fourth  of  the  whole  luiniber  may  be  discharged  and  the  like  number 
added.  Thus,  at  the  end  of  the  fiscal  year  1888,  there  will  have  been 
discharged  20,000  children,  who  will  be  able  to  care  for  and  support 
themselves;  and  the  total  expense  of  the  education  of  this  number  with 
those  remaining  in  school  will  not  exceed  $22,500,000,  or  about  two- 
thirds  of  the  amount  of  money  expended  for  the  suppression  of  Indian 
hostihties  during  the  years  18G4  and  1865. 

Since  1872,  a  period  of  only  ten  years,  the  cost  of  Indian  hostilities 
and  military  protection  against  the  Indian  is  estimated  by  the  military 
authorities  at  $223,891,2()4.50,  or  an  annual  expense  of  $22,389,126.45. 
To  thi^  must  be  added  the  yearly  appropriation  for  subsistence,  which 
averages  about  five  millions  a  year.  To  this  must  also  be  addetl  the 
loss  of  life  and  the  horrors  of  an  Indian  war,  only  to  be  understood  by 
those  who  have  had  the  misfortune  to  be  partici])ants  in  or  witnesses  of 
them.  This  cannot  be  computed  in  dollars,  but  ought  to  be  considered 
in  determining  the  policy  of  the  government  in  its  dealing  with  the 
Indians. 

It  is  useless  to  attempt  the  civilization  of  the  Indian  through  the 


REPOET  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OP  THE  INTERIOR.     569 

agency  of  schools,  unless  a  large  number  of  children,  certainly  not  less 
than  one-half  the  total  number,  can  have  the  benefit  of  such  schools, 
and  even  then  it  is  not  wise  to  depend  wholly  on  that  agency.  The 
children  on  returning  to  their  homes  should  have  some  encouragement 
and  support. 

Farmers  and  herders  should  be  sent  to  the  reservation  to  instruct  the 
adults  in  agriculture  and  stock-raising.  The  government  should  furnish 
stock  cattle  to  herders,  and  farm  stock  and  implements  to  the  farmer, 
not  in  such  number  and  quantities  that  the  Indian  will  feel  that  he  Ls 
dependent  on  the  government,  but  as  aids  to  his  own  efforts.  On  some 
reservations  stock-raising  ought  to  be  the  principal  industry,  while  on 
others,  less  suitable  for  that  purpose,  the  Indian  should  be  taught  to 
turn  his  attention  towards  agricultural  pursuits.  Care  should  be  taken 
to  impress  the  Indian  with  the'necessity  of  supporting  himself,  and  he 
should  be  assured  that  the  government  will  not  aid  him  unless  he  shows 
a  disposition  to  aid  himself;  and  the  gratuities  of  the  government 
ought  to  be  given  only  to  those  who  show  a  proper  disposition  to  take 
care  of  themselves. 

With  20,000  or  more  Indian  children  properly  selected  in  our  schools, 
there  will  be  no  danger  of  Indian  wars.  Some  care  should  be  had  in 
the  selection  of  the  children,  to  include  the  children  of  those  individuals 
and  tribes  most  likely  to  make  trouble. 

It  is  not  desirable  to  abandon  the  agency  schools,  but  an  effort  should 
be  made  to  render  them  more  effective  than  they  have  been.  With 
proper  attention  they  may  be  useful  for  the  education  of  such  of  the 
children  as  cannot  be  sent  away,  especially  those  too  young  to  put  in 
the  manual  labor  schools. 

The  Mission  Indians  of  California,  the  Moquis,  and  Pueblos,  and  a 
few  other  tribes,  who  are  accustomed  to  labor,  need  nothing  more  than 
good  agency  schools  and  titles  to  their  lauds  to  supiwrt  themselves 
without  further  tax  on  the  government. 

It  is  believed  that  with  an  annual  expenditure  of  between  five  and 
six  millions  of  dollars  during  the  next  fifteen  years  for  educational  pui- 
poses,  of  the  character  herein  indicated,  the  danger  of  Indian  outbreaks 
may  be  avoided,  an<l  the  great  mass  of  Indian  youths  at  least  made 
self-supporting;  and  that  the  Indian  may  become,  if  not  a  valuable  citi- 
zen, at  least  one  fi'om  whom  danger  need  not  be  apprehended,  and  cease 
to  be  a  ta^  on  the  government. 

GENERAL  LAXD   OFFICE. 

The  Commissioner  of  the  General  Land  OflBce  shows  a  large  increase 
in  the  disposal  of  the  public  land  for  IS82  over  that  for  1881,  as  follows: 

The  disposal  of  public  lands  under  all  acts  of  Congress  embractnl 
13,998,780.27  acres,  and  of  Indian  lands  310,3S(;.13  acres,  making  thi? 
total  disposals  14,309,1  r)r.,40  acres,  an  increase  over  dijsposals  during 
the  year  1881  of  3,115,709.35  acres. 


670     REPORT  OF  THE  BECRETARY  OP  THE  INTERIOR. 

Tlio  aTiioniit  of  money  received  from  all  sources  in  connection  with 
disposals  of  the  i)ublic  lands  was  $7,7o0,S96.82,  and  from  sales  of  Indian 
lands  $034,017.22,  a  total  of  $8,394,510.04,  being  an  increase  over  the 
l)revious  year  of  $2,985,711.88. 

Tlic  following  is  a  statement  in  detail  of  disposals  and  receipts: 

Cash  sales:  Acres. 

Private  entries 1,  H'JJ,  4!iG.  15 

Public  sales 7,  i>:i:J.  i:'. 

Timber  and  stone  lauds. 9.0,237.02 

Pre-emption  entries l,r^)l,;jHO.  85 

Desert  lands 104,955.94 

Final  desert  lands (o9,:i2:J.  11) 

Mineral  lands 30,708.  G:{ 

Coal  lands H,C:i4.33 

Excess  payments  on  homestead  and  other  entries.  . 19,  316.77 

Abandoned  military  reservations * 2,808. 12 

Commuted  homesteads (37G,  (J5G.  10) 

Act  June  15,  18a0  1 (700,727.80) 

Total  cash  sales 3,611,530.94 

Homestead  entries  (original) 6,348,045.05 

Final  homesteads (2,219,427.10) 

Timber-culture  entries  (original) 2, 5GG,  G86. 09 

Timber-culture  (tinal) (23,371.12) 

Locations  with  military  bounty  land  warrants 43,86,5.69 

Agricultural  college  scrip  locations 1,040.00 

Private  land  scrip  locations 10,  .577. 12 

Valentine  scrip  locations  (original) 853. 47 

Sioux  half-breed  scrip  locations 840.00 

Chippewa  half-breed  scrip  locations 240.  00 

Locations  with  Porterfield  scrip 390.79 

Lands  selected  under  railroad  grants 472,263.88 

State,  school,  and  internal-improvement  selections 276, 111.74 

Donation  claims 18,303. 14 

Swamp-laud  selections 648,032.  36 

Total 13,998,780,27 

The  areas  of  homestead  entries  commuted  with  cash,  and  of  lands 
originallj'-  entered  under  the  homestead  law  but  subsequently  pur- 
chased under  the  act  of  June  15, 1880,  and  the  areas  of  final  homestead, 
final  timber-culture  entries,  and  final  desert-land  entries  are  not  em- 
braced in  the  foregoing  total,  such  areas  having  been  previously  reported 
with  original  entries  of  the  respective  classes. 

SALES   OF   IXDIAX   LANDS: 

Acres. 

Cherokee  strip 2i»,508.02 

Cherokee  school 293.65 

Kansas  trust ."-.  210.72 

Kansas  trust  and  diminished  reserve 11,760.30 

Osage  trust  and  diuiiuished  reserve - 61,817.16 

Osage  ceded 3,260.63 

Otoe  and  ilissouria 7,343.  .57 

Choctaw  orphan 160.96 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OP  THE  INTERIOR.     571 

Pawnee 112,982.60 

Sac  and  Fox cl*.  iK) 

Sionx G2,7(j:J.32 

Sliawnee  absentee 200. 00 

'J'otal :!i(),:<8C.  r.i 

Which  added  to  the  dis])()sals  of  public  Iniuls  make  ii  graml  total  of 
1 4,30(^,1  GC.40. 

CASH    KKCKII'IS: 

From  sales  of  i.ublie  I.iikIs $n,r.28,77r>  9-3 

From  sales  of  Indian  lands (U!1,G17  22 

From  liomesteiid  fees  and  commissions tJl*7,yGti  r)9 

From  timlier-cnltnre  fees  and  eoni missions 2^2,  ^M  00 

From  fees  on  military  bounty  land  warrant  locations 1,  KVj  00 

From  fees  on  locatiims  with  ditferent  classes  of  scrip IIG  00 

From  fees  on  pre-emption  and  other  liliiij^s 12^.  12:}  00 

From  fees  for  rednciii';  testimony  to  writing ....  oG,  tftt?  OG 

From  fees  on  railroad  nelections-. 4,G95  50 

Ffom  fees  on  State  selections 2, 43G  00 

From  fees  on  donation  claims 59:')  00 

From  fees  for  issuing  patent  cei-titieates ;{  00 

From  fees  for  transcripts  from  records  fursiishcd  by  the  General  L:uid 

Office G,r)d8  ::> 

Total e,394,51G  04 

The  Comiuissioner  reports  that  the  amount  of  work  done  in  the  pre- 
emption division  during-  the  last  year  is  33  per  cent,  in  excess  of  the 
previous  year;  tliat  11,554  cases  were  received  during  the  year,  and 
8,079  disposed  of,  leaving  an  excess  of  3,475  cases  to  be  added  to  the 
total  work  in  arrears.  It  will  thus  be  seen  that  in  this  division  only 
about  70  ])er  cent,  of  the  current  business  has  been  disposed  of,  showing 
conclusively  that  the  force  of  this  division  ought  to  be  increased  30  per 
cent,  in  order  to  keep  up  with  the  current  business  of  the  division.  The 
work  of  the  division  is  now  two  years  in  arrears,  and  is  so  rapidly  in- 
creasing that  there  can  be  no  hope  of  disposing  of  current  business  with 
the  present  force,  much  less  of  disj)osing  of  the  business  now  in  arreai's. 
The  mineral  division  is  reported  by  the  Commissioner  to  be  about  one 
year  in  arrears. 

It  is  a  great  hardship  for  the  i)Cople  wlio  hn\'e  jiaid  for  their  farms 
and  mines  to  wait  one  or  two  years  for  the  government  to  certify  that 
fact  in  such  a  way  as  to  aiford  them  a  perfect  title.  With  a  sufficient 
force  it  is  quite  ))()ssible  to  issue  ])atents  to  all  entries  within  three  or 
four  months.  The  clerical  Unv.e  in  both  the  i)re-euiption  and  mineral 
divisions  ought  to  be  largely  iuiU'eased. 

The  CommissiotuM-  recommends  the  repeal  of  the  ])re-em[)tion  acts, 
and  says : 

A  repeal  of  the  pn-i  iii|ii  ion  law  would  simplify  the  ]>nldic  business,  and  bo  in  the 
interest  of  public  economy  and  good  adndnlslration.  Such  i"ei)eal  would,  moreover, 
remove  one  of  the  causes  of  fiuuds  iu  !an<l  entries,  which  have  approdcUed  gr«at 
Xttagoitude. 


572     REPORT  OP  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

The  coirospoudouce  of  this  oillce  aiifl  irportH  fVoiii  ollicoid  and  special  a;j;«uits  indi- 
cate that  a  material  i)roportiou  ol"  the  pie-eiiijilion  entries  now  made  are  fraudulent  in 
character,  being  chiefly  placed  upon  vulualde  timber  or  mineral  lands  or  water-rights 
and  made  in  the  interest  and  by  the  procunanent  of  others,  and  not  for  the  jiurposeof 
residence  and  improvement  by  the  professed  pre-emptor, 

I  fully  agTee  with  the  Commissioner  in  this  reconinieiidation.  The 
pre-emption  law,  intended  as  a  means  of  enaljling  the  citizen  wishinj?  to 
make  a  home  to  do  so  cheaply  and  speedily,  has  been  used  largely  to 
aggregate  large  quantities  of  lands  for  the  benefit  of  the  si)eculator,  and 
not  for  those  for  whose  benefit  it  was  intended. 

The  Commissioner  also  calls  attention  to  the  necessity  of  a  change  in 
the  homestead  law.    He  says : 

It  is  a  matter  of  serious  question  whether  the  time  within  which  homestead  par- 
ties are  allowed  to  commute  their  entries  by  the  payment  of  cash,  should  not  be 
extended  so  as  to  require  proof  of  actual  residence,  improvement,  and  cultivation,  for 
at  least  one  year  before  such  payment  should  be  received.  This  extension  of  t4me  would 
be  no  longer  than  reasonably  necessary  to  establish  the  gcrod  faith  of  the  parties, 
and  would  be  no  hardship  to  bona  fide  settlers,  while  the  opportunities  and  induce- 
ment for  fraudulent  entry  would  diminish  in  proportion  to  the  length  of  time  for 
which  residence,  improvement,  and  cultivation  are  required  to  be  shown. 

In  this  I  concur.  It  will  be  useless  to  repeal  the  pre-emption  laws  if 
the  opportunity  still  exists  to  commit  the  same  frauds  under  the  cover 
of  the  homestead  law.  If  it  is  thought  best  to  retain  the  pre-emption 
laws,  they  should  be  so  amended  that  the  filing  for  pre-emi^tion  should 
precede  the  entry  at  least  one  year. 

It  should  be  the  policy  of  the  governaient  to  preserve  the  public  lands 
suitable  for  cultivation  for  the  use  of  actual  settlers,  and  this  cannot  be 
done  under  existing  laws. 

The  Commissioner  asks  for  an  additional  force  of  one  hundred  clerks. 
As  the  regular  annual  estimate  is  for  a  force  only  intended  to  dispose  of 
the  current  work,  the  great  increase  in  the  volume  of  public  land  dis- 
posed of  makes  an  increase  of  the  force  a  necessity,  without  reference 
to  work  now  in  arrears.  He  also  recommends  the  creation  of  the  office 
of  Assistant  Commissioner,  with  a  salary  of  $3,000,  and  that  the  salary 
of  the  Commissioner  be  increased  to  $5,000.     In  this  I  concur. 

The  public  lauds  ought  to  be  speedily  surveyed.  It  is  lawful  for  a 
settler  to  go  on  the  public  lands  in  advance  of  the  surveys,  but  it  is 
difficult  for  him  to  fix  boundaries  to  his  location  made  in  advance  of 
the  surveys.  Conflicts  arise  between  neighbors  as  to  lines,  and  when 
the  surveys  are  made,  not  infrequently  a  whole  neighborhood  is  thrown 
into  confusion,  and  much  bitterness  and  strife  created  by  the  attempt 
to  adjust  their  location  to  the  government  surveys.  There  is  but  little, 
if  any,  of  the  public  land  that  will  not  be  ultimately  surveyed.  The 
necessity  for  surveys  in  the  agricultural  and  i)astoral  regions  is  not 
greater  than  in  the  mineral  regions  of  the  high  mountains.  The  miner 
as  well  as  the  agriculturist  finds  it  ditficult  clearly  and  properly  to 
define  and  locate  his  claim  in  the  absence  of  government  surveys. 
Liberal  appropriations  ought  to  be  made  for  the  stirvey  of  the  uusur- 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     573 

veyed  land  of  all  kinds,  a\  itb  a  proper  classification  of  the  same,  showinj^ 
whether  they  are  timber,  agricultural,  pastoral,  or  mineral  lauds. 

PATENT  OFFICE. 

The  report  of  the  Commissioner  of  Patents  shows  an  increase  of  busi- 
ness over  the  year  ending  June  30,  1881.  The  number  of  applications 
for  patents  was  27,622,  an  increase  of  4,090  over  that  year.  The  num- 
ber of  applications  for  designs  was  8o4:  for  reissues,  407;  for  registra- 
tion of  trade-marks,  737;  for  registration  of  labels,  442;  and  the  num- 
ber of  caveats  filed  was  2,455.  The  number  of  i)atents  granted,  includ- 
ing reissues  and  designs,  was  17,713;  of  trade-marks  registered  1,07'j; 
of  labels  registered,  223.  There  were  1,637  patents  withheld  for  non- 
payment of  fees,  and  5,123  i)atents  expired. 

The  total  receipts  of  the  office  were  $930,864.14,  an  increase  of 
$140,968.62  over  the  last  preceding  year. 

The  total  expenditures  of  the  office,  not  including  printing,  were 
8011,71 9.50. 

The  Commissioner  reports  that,  owing  to  the  failure  of  Congress  to 
make  an  appropriation  to  continue  the  work  of  abridging  patents,  that 
work  was  discontinued  on  the  1st  of  August.  In  order  that  so  mnc-li 
of  the  work  as  has  been  completed  up  to  that  date  may  be  published 
and  made  available,  and  in  order  also  that  the  work  may  be  continued, 
he  expresses  a  hope  that  Congress  will  make  an  appropriation  for  that 
purpose.  Up  to  the  Ist  of  August  nearly  all  the  i)atents  issued  under 
the  class  of  agricultural  implements  had  been  abridged,  and  it  is  espec- 
ially desired  that  the  office  bo  enabled  to  make  this  abridgment  pub- 
lic. The  necessity  for  a  prosecution  of  the  abridgment  has  been  en. 
larged  upon  in  former  reports,  aud  need  not  be  recurred  to  here  in  de- 
tail. It  is  sufficient  to  say  that  for  lack  of  it  an  almost  incalculable 
amount  of  valuable  time  is  wasted  in  examining  applications  and  com- 
paring them  with  devices  already  patented  in  order  to  determine 
whether  they  can  be  granted.  With  a  completed  abridgment  this  time 
would  be  saved,  and  while  a  less  numl>er  of  examiners  would  bo  re- 
quired, greater  certainty  in  examination  would  be  secured.  Tin*  advan- 
tage, furthermore,  to  inventors  and  to  purchasers  of  patents  would  be 
so  obvious  that  it  need  not  be  more  than  referred  to  here. 

The  large  and  steady  increase  in  the  business  of  the  Patent  Office 
forces  the  Commissioner  to  ask  tliat  8tei)s  be  taken  to  increase  the 
accommodations.  At  ])resent  the  force, is  so  cramped  for  room  that 
business  is  seriously  retarded. 

The  Commissioner  suggests  that  legislation  is  necessary  to  enable 
him  more  readily  and  certainly  to  carry  out  the  provisions  of  sections 
4886  and  1SS7  of  the  Revised  Statutes,  relating  to  the  use  or  sale  of 
inventions  ])rior  to  the  ai)plicati(>n  for  jiatent.  and  the  limitatioh  of 
American  ])atents  by  the  terms  of  patents  issued  to  foreign  countries. 
Some  provision  should  bo  made  whereby,  at  the  request  of  the  Com- 


574   •  REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

missioner,  or  of  a  party  in  interest,  a  siibpama  conUl  l>e  issued  hr  in 
contested  cases  (section  400G,  Revised  Statutes),  to  compel  the  attend- 
ance of  witnesses  to  testify  as  to  the  use  or  sale  of  an  invention  for 
which  an  a]iplication  for  a  patent  is  pending. 

The  number  of  years  for  which  patents  are  granted  abroad  varie^in 
various  countries,  and  in  nearly  all  are  affected  by  conditions,  the  ful- 
fillment or  nonfulfillment  of  which  cannot  possibly  be  known  to  this 
office;  notwithstanding  which  fact  inventions  patented  abroad  are  only 
patentable  here  for  terms  concurrent  with  the  valid  duration  of  the  for- 
eign patents.  Much  confusion  naturally  arises  out  of  this  condition  of 
things ;  but  its  most  serious  effect  is  felt  by  innocent  purchasers  of  pat- 
ents which  have  lapsed  or  may  lapse  with  the  termination  of  a  foreign 
right  of  which  they  have  no  knowledge.  The  Commissioner  in  this 
view  suggests  that  legislation  be  had  to  fix  a  definite  term  for  patents 
upon  articles  or  devices  that  have  first  been  patented  in  foreign  coun- 
tries ;  and  considering  the  fact  that  the  terms  for  which  patents  may 
be  granted  in  foreign  countries  are  shorter  than  those  for  which  they 
may  be  originally  granted  in  this  country,  he  suggests  that  twelve 
years  w^ould  be  a  proper  term  for  patents  where  the  invention  has  first 
been  patented,  or  a  patent  applied  for,  in  a  foreign  country.  The  diffi- 
culty now  experienced  in  office  practice  would  thus  be  removed,  and  a 
necessary  certainty  obtained.* 

Application  was  recently  made  for  the  registration  of  a  label,  which 
was  rejected  by  the  examiner  because  it  was  not  a  label,  but  a  trade- 
mark. Thereupon  a  mandamus  was  sued  out  against  the  Commissioner 
to  compel  him  to  register  what  the  applicant  claimed  to  be  a  label. 
The  supreme  court  of  the  District  of  Columbia  held  that  the  Commis- 
sioner of  Patents  has  no  discretion  in  the  registration  of  labels.  If  aur 
applicant  comes  with  a  trade-mark,  calls  it  a  label,  and  asks  for  its  reg- 
istration, and  pays  the  fee  required  by  law  for  the  registration  of  a  label, 
it  is  the  duty  of  the  Commissioner  to  cause  it  to  be  registered.  The  fee 
prescribed  by  law  for  registering  labels  is  $6;  for  trade-marks  $25. 
The  difference  in  the  revenue  of  the  office  will  be  considerable  if  par- 
ties are  permitted  to  register  as  labels  what  in  fact  are  trade-marks.  If 
the  decision  of  the  court  is  to  be  followed,  legislation  should  be  had 
which  will  remove  every  doubt  in  relation  to  such  registration. 

OFFICE  OF  COMMISSIONER  OF  RAILROADS. 

The  report  of  the  Commissioner  of  Railroads,  herewith  presented, 
gives  the  operations  of  that  office  during  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
30,  1882. 

Extensive  trips  for  theiuspectionof  the  property  and  accounts  of  the 
subsidized  roads  have  been  made  by  officers  of  that  bureau,  and  the 
Commissioner  expresses  gratification  in  observing  a  decided  improve- 
ment in  the  construction  and  operation  of  the  roads  and  a  manifest 
healthy  growth  of  business. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     575 

Proper  facilities  for  intelligent  and  comprehensive  examination  of  the 
various  properties  of  the  several  roads  were  freely  granted.  The  books 
and  accounts  of  the  comi)anies  have  been  checked  and  examined  and 
stetements  of  the  five  and  twenty-five  per  centum  of  ascertained  "  net 
earnings  "  have  been  made. 

Statements  are  submitted  showing  in  detail  the  indebtedness  of  the 
several  companies  to  the  United  States,  and  their  general  financial  con- 
dition. With  the  exception  of  a  few  of  tlie  minor  roads,  Ik;  regards  the 
United  States  as  secure  in  the  ultimate  payment  of  both  principal  and 
interest  of  the  loans  advanced. 

CENTRAL  PACIFIC   RAILROAD  COIMPANY. 

The  property  and  accounts  of  this  company  have  been  carefully  and 
fully  examined.  Every  facility  was  accorded  to  render  such  examina- 
tion thorough  and  complete. 

There  has  been  a  marked  increase  in  business  and  a  decided  improve- 
ment in  the  general  line  of  the  road.  The  equipment  in  engines,  cars, 
and  other  facilities  has  been  greatly  increased. 

The  most  noticeable  improvement  is  at  the  Oakland  terminus,  where 
a  commodious  i)assenger  depot  has  been  constructed  at  the  extreme  end 
of  the  Oakland  Pier  in  the  Bay  of  San  Francisco.  The  pier  is  of  rock 
and  earth-work,  extending  into  the  bay  more  than  one  and  a  quarter 
miles,  upon  which  are  four  parallel  tracks.  The  building  has  a  total 
length  of  1,050  feet,  covering  an  area  of  more  than  four  acres,  and  has 
ten  tracks  running  through  tis  entire  length.  At  the  present  time  there 
are  one  hundred  and  twenty-eight  passenger  trains  running  in  and  out 
daily.  The  building  has  all  modern  improvements,  and  is  so  constructed 
as  to  receive  passengers  from  the  ferry-boats  from  both  the  lower  and 
upper  decks  at  the  same  time,  and  is  jwlmirably  adapted  lor  liandling 
expe<litiously  an  immense  i)assengcrtrailic. 

Within  the  year,  106  miles  of  steel  rail  have  been  substituted  for  iron 
and  .'30,000  tons  morehave  been  i>urchased.  It  is  expected  that  within 
the  present  year  the  entire  road  will  be  relaid  with  steel. 

The  company  has  at  all  times  prom[»tly  complied  with  all  tlie  demands 
of  this  office,  both  in  rendering  tlie  regnlar  returns  and  in  the  i)ayment 
of  whatever  balance,  under  the  act  of  ]\Iay  7, 187S,  has  been  ascertained 
to  be  due  from  them. 

The  following  statement  is  made  from  the  reports  furnished  by  the 
company  as  to  its  con<lition  on  the  30th  of  June,  1882 :  Number  of 
miles  subsidized,  SOO.CUJ;  number  of  miles  o\vne<l,  l,'J0t.47;  nnmlier  of 
miles  leased,  1,831.88;  average  number  of  miles  operated  during  theyear,' 
2,866.08;  stock  issued,  $59,275,500;  i)ar  value,  $100;  subsiily  bonds 
outstanding,  827,855,080;  Oinded  debt,  less  sinking  funds,  i?l!),2.5S,on().8;i; 
lloatiug  debt,  $0,633,988. 14 ;  interest  accrued  on  subsidy  bonds,  $23,419,- 


576  REPORT   OF   THE    SECRETARY   OF   THE   INTERIOR. 

463.41 ;  interest  accrued,  but  not  due,  on  funded  debt,  81,352,655 ;  total 
debt,  $111,540,877.38;  capital  stock  and  debt,  8170,825,377.38;  cost  of 
road,  $137,763,153.00;  cost  of  equipment,  88,224,145.38;  real  estate, 
$2,687,362.69;  total  cost  of  road  and  equipment,*  $148,674,661.76.  Casli, 
materials,  and  sinking  funds,  $6,203,340.05 ;  bonds  and  stocks,  $245,- 
416.70;  miscellaneous  investments,  $1,576,664.93;  U.  S.  sinking  fund 
and  transportation  accounts,  $7,170,129.38;  bills  and  accounts  receiva- 
ble, $4,161,737.72;  land  sales,  $1,471,802.82;  total,  $169,503,752.36. 

The  earnings  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 1882,  are  reported  an 
foUows:  Passenger,  $7,151,283.71;  freight,  $16,563,043.85;  U.  S.  mail, 
$450,018.17;  miscellaneous,  $1,195,800.35;  total,  $25,360,146.11.  Oper- 
ating expenses  and  rentals,  $10,042,411.74;  ordinary  net  earnings, 
$9,317,734.37.  Interest  paid,  $3,530,288.77 ;  dividends  paid,  $3,556,530. 
The  gross  earnings  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1881,  were  $22,- 
893,344.57;  for  1882,  $25,360,146.11,  showing  an  increase  of  $2,466,.S01.52. 

The  books  and  accounts  of  the  company,  in  San  Francisco,  show  that 
under  the  act  of  May  7, 1878,  the  "  twenty-five  per  cent."  of  net  earnings 
due  the  United  States  for  the  year  ending  December  31, 1881,  amounted 
to  $1,038,935.24.  The  company  rendered  transi)ortatiou  services  for  the 
United  States  on  aided  and  non-aided  lines  amounting  to  $950,785.33. 
leaving  balance  due  for  the  year  of  $79,149.91,  a  statement  of  which 
was  furnished  this  department  on  the  20th  day  of  October,  1882,  and  on 
the  23d  the  amount  was  promptly  deposited  with  the  Treasurer  of  the 
United  States. 

This  company  has  leased  and  operates  the  Southern  Pacific  Eailroad 
of  Galifornia,  Arizona,  and  'Sew  Mexico. 

UNION  PACrPIO  RAILWAY  COMPANY. 

A  thorough  and  complete  examination  of  the  accounts  and  properties 
of  this  company  has  been  made,  and  a  gratifying  increase  in  the  busi- 
ness noted.  The  general  line  of  the  road  has  been  greatly  improved, 
and  the  equipment  in  engines  and  cars  fully  up  to  the  standard.  Dur- 
ing the  past  year  over  16,000  tons  of  steel  rails  were  substituted  for 
iron,  and  the  company  is  still  expending  large  sums  for  this  purpose 
with  a  view  of  having  the  entire  main  line  laid  with  steel  rails  within 
the  year. 

In  order  to  meet  the  large  demands  made  upon  it  for  elevator  facili- 
ties, the  company  has  constructed  a  handsome  building  at  Council 
Bluffs  with  the  great  capacity  of  1,500,000  bushels.  This  elevator  is 
built  upon  the  most  a  pproved  x>lan,  and  is  furnished  with  all  the 
modern  improvements  for  receiving,  storing,  ari,d. delivering  grain. 

The  following  is  a  statement  of  the  condition  of  the  road  on  June  30, 
1882.  ■ 

Number  of  miles  subsidized  with  bonds  and  lands,  1,432.62;  addi- 
tional number  of  miles  subsidized  witli  lands  only,  351;  leased  to  Cen- 


EEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OP  THE  INTERIOR.     577 

tral  Pacific,  5  miles;  owned  and  operated  during  the  year,  1,818.88; 
miles.  Stock  issued,  $00,808,500 ;  par  value,  $100;  subsidy  bonds  out- 
standing, $33,.539,.jI2  ;  funded  debt,  $82,555,053.75;  floating  debt, 
$10,754,891.87;  interest  accrued  on  subsidy  bonds,  $29,074,812.78;  in- 
terest on  funded  debt,  $2,049,000.74;  dividends  unpaid,  $1,123,371.14; 
total  debt,  $159,097,242.28;  capital  stock  aud  debt,  $219,965,742.28. 
Cost  of  road  and  equipment,  $157,092,858.46;  cash,  material,  and  sink- 
ing-funds, $6,301,033.93;  land  contracts,  land,  cash,  &c.,  $6,448,827.92; 
bonds  and  stocks  owned,  $38,616,287.66;  miscellaneous  investments, 
$151,621.76;  interest  repaid  United  States  by  transportation  services, 
$6,871,519.56;  bills  and  a<jcounts  receivable,  $2,761,500.48;  due  from 
United  States  for  transportation  services,  $8,578,930.55. 

The  earnings  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 1882,  are  reported  as 
follows:  Passenger,  $5,195,526.77;  freight,  $16,772,155.48;  United  States 
mail,  $719,840.76;  express,  $700,038.31;  miscellaneous,  $701,06.5.83; 
total,  $24,094,627.15.  Operating  expenses,  $12,069,792.55.  Ordinarj- 
neteaniings,  $12,024,834.60.  Interest  paid,  $5,280,411.52;  dividends 
paid,  $4,258,026.50.  The  gross  earnings  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
30,1881,  were  $22,765,752.08;  for  1882,  $24,094,627.15,  showing  an  in- 
crease  of  $1,328,875.07. 

Under  the  act  of  May  7, 1878,  the  "twenty-five  per  centum"  of  net 
oaEnings  due  the  United  States  for  the  year  ending  December  31, 1881, 
amounted  to  $1,826,294.98.  The  company  rendered  transportation  serv- 
ices over  the  aided  and  non-aided  lines  amounting  to  $1,162,949.65,  which, 
with  $73,154.02  found  due  them  on  settlement  of  the  five  per  centum  of 
net  earnings  of  the  Kansas  division  for  the  same  period,  aggregate  the 
sum  of  81,236,103.67,  leaving  a  balance  due  the  United  States  in  cash 
of  $590,191.31,  a  demand  for  payment  of  which  haviug  been  made  upon 
the  company  on  Juno  15,  1882. 

In  making  this  settlement,  items  for  "new  construction"  and  '-new 
equipment,"  aggregating  the  sum  of  $1,409,817.27,  were  excluded,  but 
the  company  (jlaims  that  under  a  liberal  construction  of  the  act,  and  in 
view  of  the  decisions  of  the  United  States  Supreme  Court,  these  items 
should  bo  deducted  from  gross  earnings  as  being  necessary  "  in  oper- 
ating the  same  and  keeping  the  same  in  a  state  of  repair."  As  large 
sums  are  involved,  and  in  order  to  settle  the  question  definitely,  the  whole 
matter  will  be  referred  to  the  Attorney-General  for  his  opinion  as  to 
what  constitutes  "  net  earnings"  under  the  law. 

CONDITION  OF  THE   SINKING-FUND  ACCOUNTS. 

A  detailed  statement  of  the  condition  of  the  sinking  funds  of  the 
Union  and  Central  Pacific  Companies,  held  by  the  Treusurer  of  the 
United  States  under  the  act  of  Congress  approved  May  7,  1876,  accom- 
panies the  Commissioners  rej)ort,  from  which  it  will  be  seen  that  on 
June  30, 1882,  these  funds  amounted  to  $2,716,221.68;  the  Central  Pacific 
having  to  its  credit  $1,534,614.26,  and  the  Union  Pacific  $1,181,607.42. 
37  Ab 


578 


REPORT  OF  TH?:  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 


Investments  hare  becu  made  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  as  fol- 
lows: 


character  of  bonds. 


Filndert  loan  of  IPSI,  5  per  cent 
Fuudcd  loan  of  1007,  4  per  cent 
Currency  sixes,  6  per  cent 

Pilricipal 

Treminm  paid 

Total  cost 


tfnion  Pacific. 


.$2.56, 450  00 

32,  6r,0  00 

301,  000  00 


(•.50, 100  00 
124,  0C5  43 


774, 165  43 


Central  Pacific. 


$194,900  00 
19'J,  100  00 
444,  000  00 


Total. 


$451,3.50  00 
231,750  00 
805, 000  00 


838.  IJOO  00     1,  488, 100  00 
168,  727  73         292, 793  16 


1,  006,  727  73     1, 780, 893  16 


The  last  investment  was  made  April  6,  1881,  at  which  time  a  pre- 
mium as  high  as  35  per  centum  was  paid,  but  repeated  i)rotests  have 
been  made  by  the  companies  against  the  heavy  cost  of  these  invest- 
ments. 

On  June  30,  1882,  the  amounts  remaining  in  the  Treasury  uninvested 
were  as  follows: 

Credit  of  the  Central  Pacific $527,886  53 

Credit  of  the  Union  Pacific 407,441  99 

Making  a  total  of 935,328  52 

on  which  the  above  companies  are  receiving  no  interest  whatever. 

In  view  of  the  fact  that  these  companies  are  being  charged  with  iu- 
teriBst  on  their  subsidy  bonds  at  the  rate  of  6  per  centum  per  annum, 
that  the  investments  made  by  tile  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  yield  only 
about  3A  per  centum  per  annum,  and  at  maturity  of  the  bonds  the  large 
pteuiiUms  paid  will  be  entirely  lo^t  to  the  bompanies,  in  simple  justice 
to  tiiem,  the  Commissioner  earnestly  recorrimends  that  section  3  of  the 
act  of  May  7,  1878,  be  so  amended  as  to  authorize  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury  to  invest  the  sinking-funds  in  the  first-mortgage  bonds  of  the 
companies  or  such  boiids  as  have  beeu  issued  to  them  by  the  United 
States,  or  in  other  good  and  suiSBcieut  securities,  and  that  the  bonds 
now  held  by  the  Treasurer  of  the  United  States  in  said  sinkiiig-fuuds 
be  converted  into  money  at  the  highest  market  rates,  and  reinvested  in 
like  securities. 

He  submits,  in  the  same  ('oniiectiou,  a  suggestion  that  with  the  con- 
sent of  the  companies,  the  debt  be  accurately  ascertained  as  of  some 
conveuieiit  day,  say  July  1,  1883;  and  that  payment  of  the  amount  so 
ascertained  be  exteii<led  and  divided  into  semiannual  installments  of 
fixed  amount,  for  which  installments  separate  redemption  bonds  shall 
b^  given. 

The  lien  to  remain  the  sauie. 


NORTHERN   PACIFIC   RAILROAD   COMPANY. 

The  rapidity  with  which  construction  has  been  progressing  on  both 
eastern  and  western  divisions  of  this  railroad  is  without  precedent  in 
the  history  of  that  company. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  01  THE  INTERIOR.     579 

During  the  year  ending  Jnne  30,  1882,  285  miles  of  track  "svere  laid 
with  American  steel  rails,  of  which  183  miles  were  laid  from  the  east 
and  102  miles  from  tlie  west,  leaving  the  two  ends  of  track  572  miles 
apart  on  June  30.  which,  at  the  ijresent  rate  of  construction,  will  be 
lessened  about  300  miles  by  the  close  of  this  year.  The  final  connec- 
tion of  the  tracks  is  expected  to  be  made  in  1883. 

An  inspection  of  the  entire  road,  as  far  as  completed,  has  been  made, 
and  the  same  found  to  be  in  good  order.  The  work  on  track,  buildings, 
and  bridges  is  being  ably  done  and  first  class  materials  used. 

For  the  year  ending  June  30,  1882,  the  company  reports  as  follows: 
Miles  operated,  1,234;  number  of  locomotives,  151;  passenger  cars,  G8; 
baggage,  mail,  and  express,  29;  freight  and  other  cars,  5,438.  Capital 
stock,  $100,00!),000,  less  $9,090,807.80  canceled=$90,900,132.20;  funded 
debt,  $24,G1G,500;  floating  debt,  $17,543,005.67;  interest  due  and  ac- 
crued on  funded  debt,  $061,670.74;  total  debt,  $42,821,782.41;  capital 
stock  and  debt,  $133,730,014.61.  Cost  of  road,  $122,581,020.16;  cost  of 
equipment,  $4,466,903.82;  real  estate,  $363,698.26 ;  total  expenditures, 
$127,411,622.24.  Cash,  materials,  and  sinking-funds,  $6,558,061.22; 
bonds  and  stocks,  $2,236,235.10;  miscellaneous  investments,  $763,480.04; 
total,  $9,577,776.36. 

Earnings  for  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 1882,  are  as  follows:  Pas- 
senger, $1,302,260.80;  freight,  $3,907,423.20;  United  States  mail, 
$52,306.56;  miscellaneous,  $166,315;  total,  $5,430,305.56;  operating 
expenses  and  rentals,  $3,572,840.51;  ordinary  net  earnings,  $1,857,465.05. 
Interest  paid,  $1,348,530.72. 

CHICAGO,   MILWAUKEE  AND  SAINT  PAUL  RAILEOAD   COMPANY. 

This  company  reports  as  follows  for  the  year  ending  December  31, 
1881: 

Average  number  of  miles  operated  during  the  year,  3,830;  stock  is- 
sued, $34,805,744 ;  par  value,  $100 ;  funded  debt,  $79,059,000;  floating 
debt,  $6,084,779.16;  interest  due  and  accrued  on  funded  debt,  $94,059.02; 
total  debt,  $85,237,838.18;  capital  stock  and  debt,  $120,043,582.18.  Cost 
of  road  and  equipment,  $120,073,629.09 ;  cash,  materials,  and  sinking- 
funds,  $1,583,961.02;  bonds  and  stocks,  $2,186,142.17;  miscellaneous 
investments, $1,792,855.95;  total,  $125,636,593.03.  Earnings:  passenger, 
$3,938,988.77;  freight,  $11,884,795.53;  United  States  mail,  $37G,53(>.31; 
miscellaneous,  $536,646.29;  total,  $16,736,060.90.  Oi)erating  expenses 
and  rentals,  $10,252,054.45 ;  ordinary  net  earnings,  $6,484,906.45.  dum- 
ber of  locomotives,  527;  number  of  iiassenger  cars,  236;  number  of 
baggage,  mail,  and  express,  ]:io;  luimber  of  freight  and  other  cars, 
16,736. 

SOUTHERN  PACIFIC   IIAILIIOAI)   COMPANY. 

For  the  calendar  year  ending  December  31, 1881,  this  company  reports 
as  follows : 
Kumber  of  miles  owned,  714.61;  number  of  miles  leased  to  the  Central 


580        REr(^RT  OF  tht:  secketauy  of  the  interior. 

Pacific,  r)53.72 ;  iiveragc  iimribcr  of  miles  ()j)er;it(i(l  (Uii-iiig;  the  year, 
100.81).  Stock  issued,  ^o6,1G:\W0  :  par  value,  si 00;  funded  debt, 
$28,48:),000;  floating  debt,  i$l,92G,3«7.45-,  total  debt,  $30,409,307.45; 
«'apital  stock  and  debt,  $07,1.73,207.45.  Cost  of  road  and  fixtures, 
$02,450,108.99;  equipment,  $1,848,503.04;  real  estate,  $042,970.74;  total 
c«st  of  road  and  equipment,  $04,947,583.37.  Cash  and  materials, 
$505,412.52;  bonds  and  stocks,  $425,000;  miscellaneous  investments, 
$1,798,734.19;  total,  $2,729,140.71.  Earnings :  passenger,  $475,443.00; 
freight,  $028,858.30;  United  States  mail,  $12,400.50;  miscellaneous, 
$1,091,912.80;  total,  $2,808,014.78.  Operating  expenses,  $907,070.42 
ordinary  net  earnings,  $1,841,544.30.    Interest  paid,  $1,723,050. 

ATCHISON,  TOPEKA  AND  SANTA  EE  RAILROAD  COMPANY. 

This  company  reports  operations  for  the  year  ending  December  31, 
1881,  as  follows: 

Miles  owned,  470.58;  miles  leased,  1310.09 ;  stock  issued,  $47,133,900; 
increased  during  year,  $22,242,900 ;  par  value,  $100 ;  funded  debt,  $20,- 
510,000:  floating  debt,  $7,202,874.40;  total  debt,  $27,712,874.40;  stock 
and  debt,  $74,875,574.40.  Cost  of  road  and  equipment,  $25,404,020.37; 
investments  in  other  companies,  $30,910,550 ;  materials  and  cash  on 
hand,  $3,021,943.53;  other  stocks  and  bonds,  $3,577,703.25;  miscella- 
neous, $5,030,308.11.  Passenger  earnings,  $2,971,144.08;  freight  earn- 
ings, $9,087,045.95;  miscellaneous,  $502,277.54;  total,  $12,020,408.17. 
Operating  expenses,  including  taxes,  rentals,  &c.,  $8,110,040.99 ;  net 
earnings,  $4,509,821.18.  Interest  paid,  $1,041,403.33:  dividends  paid, 
$1,841,020.50.  Distribution  of  capital  stock,  $15,720,900 ;  miscellaneous 
expenditures,  $107,897.09. 

The  company  owns  and  leases  251  locomotives,  134  passenger  cars,  00 
baggage,  mail,  and  express  cars,  and  8,796  freight  cars. 

JVIEMPHIS  AND  LITTLE  ROCK  RAILROAD  COZtfPANY. 

For  the  year  ending  June  30,  1882,  this  company  reports  as  follows : 
Xumber  of  miles  of  road,  133;  stock,  issued,  $1,500,000:  i>ar  value, 
$100;  funded  debt,  $2,850,000;  floating  debt,  $S2,.315.19;  interest  due 
and  accrued  on  funded  debt,  $121,310 ;  total  debt,  $3,053,025.19 ;  capital 
stock  and  debt,  $4,553,625.19.  Cost  of  road  and  equipment,  $4,921,- 
210.01;  cash  and  materials,  $58,920.42;  miscellaneous  investments; 
$40,554.18 ;  total,  $5,020,090.61.  The  earnings  for  the  year  are  reported 
as  follows :  Passenger,  $323,182.35 ;  freight,  $280,819..54 ;  United  States 
mail,  $12,280.11 ;  mi^scellaneous,  $24,310.48 ;  total,  $040,593.98.  Oj^erat  ■ 
ing  expenses  and  rentals,  $478,492.29;  ordinary  net  earnings.  $172,- 
101.09.    Interest  paid,  4  to  8  per  cent. 

OREGON  AND   CALIFORNIA  RAILROAD  COJn'ANY. 

The  reports  of  this  company  show  the  length  of  road  operated,  De- 
cember 31,  1881,  as  331.233  miles;  number  of  locomotives,  20;  number 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  Ol-'  THE  INTERIOR.     581 

of  piisseii^er  cars,  13  ;  number  of  baggage,  mail,  and  express  cars,  10  ; 
number  of  freigbt  and  other  ears,  483.  Par  value  of  shares,  $100 ;  stock 
issued,  810,000,000:  funded  debt,  $0,051,750;  floatingdebt,  $1,754,433.14; 
total  debt,  87,800,183.14 ;  total  stock  and  debt,  $20,800,183.14.  Cost  of 
road  and  fixtures,  $13,020,912.01.  Passenger  earning*?,  $254,511.60; 
tTeight  earnings,  $472,049.09;  miscellaneous  earnings,  $01,927.49  ;  total 
earnings,  $788,488.18.  Operating  expenses,  including  taxes,  $084,627.41; 
net  earnings,  $103,860.77. 

CENTRAL   BRANCH  TNIGN   PACIFIC   RAILROAD   COMPANY. 

This  road  with  the  leased  lines  controlled  by  it  is  operated  as  a  divis- 
ion of  the  Missouri  Pacific  liailway  Companj',  and  from  reports  sub- 
mitted to  June  30,  1882,  the  following  is  derived: 

Miles  owned  and  subsidized,  100;  miles  leased,  287;  stock  issued, 
$1,000,000;  subsidy  bonds,  $1,600,000;  interest  on  subsidy  bonds, 
$1,405,808.20.  Passenger  earnings  for  100  miles,  $111,580.11 ;  freight 
earnings  for  100  miles,  $309,003.50;  miscellaneous  earnings  for  100 
miles,  $39,927.49;  total,  $453,111.10;  operating  expenses,  $329,201.04; 
ordinary  net  earnings,  $123,910.06. 

SIOUX  CITY"  AND  PACIFIC  RAILROAD  COJIPANY. 

The  following  statement  has  been  compiled  from  returns  made  by  this 
company : 

Miles  of  road  owned,  107.42;  miles  of  road  subsidized,  101.77;  miles 
of  road  leased,  "254.37;  total  miles  operatetl,  361.79. 

The  earnings  of  the  entire  line  for  the  year  ending  June  30, 1882,  an- 
as follows:  Passengers,  $223,281.96;  freight,  $490,894.21 ;  miscellaneous, 
$39,279.56;  total,  $753,455.73.  Operating  expenses,  $715,738.07;  net 
earnings,  $37,717.66.  The  liabilities  and  assets  are  as  follows  to  June 
30,1882:  Stock  issued,  $2,068,400;  subsidy  bonds,  $1,628,320;  inter- 
est on  subsidy  bonds,  $1,366,598.29;  first-mortgage  bonds,  $1,628,(X)0; 
interest  on  same,  $118,020;  miscellaneous  indebtedness,  $954,050.21; 
total  stock  and  debt,  $7,763,388.50.  Cost  of  road  and  e<]uipment, 
$5,426,059.18;  material  on  hand,  $103,692.22;  cash  on  hand,  $18,016.23; 
miscellaneous  investments,  8506,200;  accounts  receivable,  $240,850.07; 
total  assets,  $0,295,420.70;  deficit,  $1,407,907.80. 

The  "  net  earnings"  of  the  subsidized  portion  of  this  road  for  the  two 
fiscal  years  ending,  respectively,  on  June  30, 1881,  and  J  uue  30, 1882,  as 
ascertained  from  the  general  books  at  Cedar  ]?apids,  Iowa,  were  as  fol- 
lows: Year  ending  June  30, 1881,  $138,280.49;  year  ending  June  30, 1882, 
815,248.  The  annual  interest  on  the  firat-mortgago  bonds  having  a 
prior  lieu  to  those  of  the  government,  amounts  to  $97,680. 

The  Commissioner's  report  is  accompanied  by  appendixes  and  tables 
containing  compilations  in  reference  to  matters  bearing  upon  bonded 
and  land-grant  companies,  the  laws  affecting  them,  their  financial  con- 


582     REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OP  THE  INTERIOR. 

ditioi),  present  indebtedness  to  tlic  Uniled  States,  eainings,  expenses, 
operations,  construction,  and  otlier  nuitters  of  general  interest.  His 
mift-gestion  Uml  tlic  act  of  May  7,  1S78,  entitled  '-An  act  to  aid  in  tin- 
construction  of  a  railroad  and  telegraph  line  from  the  Missouri  River  to 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  &c.,"  be  so  amended  as  to  embrace  the  subsidized 
portion  of  the  Kansas  d  i  vision  of  Union  Pacific  liailway  (formerly  known 
as  the  Kansas  raciOc  Eaihvay),  the  Central  Branch  Union  Paciiic,  and 
the  Sioux  City  and  Pacific  liailroads  within  the  oijerations  of  said  act 
requiring  the  establishment  of  sinking  funds  and  an  annual  payment  of 
25  per  cent,  of  net  earnings,  is  respectfully  recommended  for  legislative 
action. 

TAXATION  OF  KAILROAD  LANDS. 

TIk'  acts  of  Congress  of  1862  and  1864,  "To  aid  in  the  coustwic- 
tion  of  a  railroad  and  telegraph  line  from  the  Missouri  Eiver  to  the  Pa- 
cific Ocean,  and  to  secure  to  the  government  the  use  of  the  same  for 
postal,  military,  and  other  i)urposes,"  made  grants  of  land  to  the  several 
roads  therein  mentioned  to  an  amount  estimated  in  gross  at  some 
30,000,000  acres. 

Section  21  of  the  act  of  1864  (13  Stat.,  365)  provided  that  before  any 
land  granted  as  aforesaid  should  be  conveyed  to  any  company  or  party 
entitled  thereto — 

There  sliall  first  be  paid  into  tlie  Treasury  of  the  United  States  the  costs  of  survey- 
ing, selecting,  and  conveying  the  same  by  the  said  company  or  party  in  interest,  as 
the  title  shall  be  required  by  said  company,  which  amount  shall,  -^-ithout  any 
further  appropriation,  stand  to  the  credit  of  the  proper  account,  to  be  used  by  the 
Commissioner  of  the  General  Land  Office  for  the  prosecution  of  the  survey  of  the  pub- 
lic lands  along  the  line  of  said  road,  and  so  on,  from  year  to  year,  until  the -whole  shall 
be  completed. 

It  was  the  contemplation  of  the  law  that  the  companies  should  pay 
the  costs  of  surveying,  &c.,  and  that  the  amount  so  paid  in  one  year  or 
at  one  time  should  be  applied  to  surveying  additional  lands  along  the 
line  of  the  road,  which  in  their  turn  should  be  selected,  and  the  expenses 
of  survey,  &c.,  paid  by  the  companies,  and  that  this  money  so  paid 
should  be  applied  to  further  surveys,  and  so  on,  until  all  thelands  granted 
to  said  companies  should  be  conveyed  to  them,  respectively. 

Surveys  have  been  made  in  part  only  of  the  lauds  embraced  in  these 
grants,  and  a  portion  only  of  the  land  accruing  to  the  several  railroad 
companies  has  been  selected  by  and  patented  to  them.  The  Union  Pa- 
cific Eailroad  Company,  for  example,  the  grant  to  which  is  estimated  at 
some  12,000,000  acres,  has  received  patents  for  less  than  2,000,000 
acres;  the  Central  Pacific,  with  an  estimated  grant  of  8,000,000  acres,  has 
received  title  to  less  than  1,000,000  acres ;  the  grant  to  the  Western  Pa- 
cific, estimated  to  embrace  1,000,000  acres,  has  been  satisfied  by  patents  to 
the  extent  of  about  one-half  that  amount ;  the  Kansas  Pacific,  estimated 
to  be  entitled  to  about  4,000,000  acres,  all  of  which  has  been  surveyed, 
has  received  patents  for  about  1,000,000  acres;  the  Denver  Pacific,  es- 


BEPOBT  OP  THE  SECRETARY  OP  THE  INTERIOR.     583 

timated  to  be  entitled  to  about  1,000,000  acres,  has  received  patents  for 
about  50,000  acres. 

The  failure  of  the  bcueliciaries  of  these  grants  to  obtain  patents  as 
provided  by  law  for  lauds  to  which  they  are  entitled,  is  a  matter  of  seri- 
ous complaint  by  citizens  and  by  State  and  municipal  autliorities  in  the 
States  and  Territories  through  which  the  roads  pass. 

Until  patents  issue  to  the  companies  or  their  assigns,  the  legal  title 
to  the  granted  lands  remains  in  the  United  States.  Such  lands  are, 
therefore,  not  subject  to  taxation  by  State,  Territorial,  or  municipal 
authoritj'.  The  companies  permit  these  large  bodies  of  land  to  rest  in 
this  situation,  and  groAv  valuable  by  the  lapse  of  time  and  the  settle- 
ment of  the  country,  thus  obtaining  all  the  advantages  of  public  pro- 
tection and  enhancement  of  values,  without  contributing  to  the  mainte- 
nance of  the  public  authority  or  of  the  common  institutions  of  muoicipal 
organization  by  the  aid  of  which  such  enhanced  values  may  be  secured. 

In  other  words,  all  the  burden  of  maintaining  the  local  civil  estab- 
lishments of  the  country  are  thrown  upon  the  legal  owners  of  a  moiety 
of  the  lands  embraced  within  the  limits  of  railroad  grants,  while  the 
equitable  owners  of  the  other  half  are  exempt  from  such  burdens, 
although  receiving  the  resultant  benefits. 

The  refusal  or  neglect  of  the  railroad  companies  to  obtain  title  to 
their  lands  has  further  the  effect  to  retard  the  progress  of  the  public 
surveys.  Congress  having  provided  a  method  by  which  the  costs  of 
surveying  the  public  lands  on  the  lines  of  these  particular  roads  shall 
be  reimbursed  by  the  companies  to  the  proportionate  extent  of  the  cost 
of  surveying  the  railroad  lands,  and  the  general  approi)riations  being 
otherwise  inadequate  to  the  survey  of  such  lands,  the  failure  of  the 
companies  to  jiay  their  proportion  prevents  additional  surveys  from 
being  made,  to  the  disadvantage  of  the  United  States  in  the  adminis- 
tration of  its  public-land  system,  and  to  the  great  inconvenience  of  set- 
tlers whose  legitimate  claims  become  jeopardized  by  uncertainties  and 
contests  arising  from  such  condition. 

It  is  strongly,  and  1  think  justly,  urged  that  the  refusal  or  neglect  of 
the  companies  to  select  their  lands  within  a  reasonable  period  of  time 
is  not  warranted  by  the  terms  or  spirit  of  the  granting  acts,  the  inteiul- 
mentof  which  is  shown  by  the  proviso  to  the  third  section  of  the  act  of 
18G2  (12  Stats.,  492)  to  have  been  that  the  granted  lands  should  not  be 
locked  up  and  unreasonably  kept  out  of  market  by  the  beneficiaries  of 
the  grant. 

The  several  roads,  the  grants  for  which  were  nmde  by  the  acts  above 
cited,  and  the  corjjorations  controlling  which  are  now  in  default  in  the 
matter  of  selecting  granted  lands  and  i)aying  the  eosts  of  survey,  &<•., 
have  been  completed  lor  about  twelve  years,  a  period  of  time  far  beyonjl 
the  contemi)lati()n  of  the  statutes  as  the  period  within  which  .such  selec- 
tion and  payment  should  have  been  made. 

A  bill  was  introduced  in  the  House  of  Representatives  at  the  last 


584     REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

Bcssioii  of  Coiiffross  intondod  to  provide  for  coiii])elliiii?  the  Kunsas  Pa- 
cific liailroad  Coirii)any  to  ])ay  the  costs  of  Kurveyiii^,  selecting,  and  con- 
voying its  grantiMl  lands,  and  in  case  of  the  failnre  of  the  couipanj^  to 
\niy  such  costs  and  accept  ])atents,  to  provide  for  the  delivery  of  patents 
for  entitled  hinds  upon  notice  to  the  company,  and  for  the  recovery  of 
said  costs  by  judicial  process. 

I  think  that  some  sufficient  measure  which  will  require  all  the  cor- 
porations in  default  as  above  mentioned  to  pronii)tly  comply  with  the 
statutory  provision  in  question,  and  which  will  enable  these  grants  to 
be  speedily  and  completely  adjusted  by  this  department,  is  demanded 
in  the  general  interests  of  the  country,  as  well  as  by  public  sentiment 
and  interest  in  the  States  and  Territoifies  specially  affected,  and  I  re- 
spectfully recommend  appropriate  action  by  Congress  to  this  end. 

RAILROAD  LAND-GRANTS. 

Congress  has  from  time  to  time,  commencing  in  1850,  made  giants  to 
the  several  States  or  to  corporations  to  aid  in  the  construction  of  rail- 
roads. In  some  instances  the  roads  have  been  constructed,  and  in 
others  partially  completed;  but  in  some  cases  no  attempt  has  been 
made  to  build  the  roads  and  thus  secure  a  title  to  the  land.  The 
lands  thus  granted  have  been  withheld  from  the  operation  of  the 
settlement  laws.  The  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  has  declared, 
in  the  case  of  Schulenberg  vs.  Harriman,  21  Wallace,  44,  that  a  failure 
to  complete  the  road  within  the  time  fixed  in  the  grant  did  not  forfeit 
the  grant.  Lands  thus  withheld  from  the  operation  of  the  settlement 
laws  must  so  remain  until  Congress  shall  declare  such  lands  forfeited. 
If  it  is  the  intention  of  Congress  to  allow  the  railroad  companies  to  com- 
plete their  roads  after  the  expiration  of  the  term  fixed  in  the  grant,  and 
thus  claim  the  benefit  of  the  grant,  it  should  be  so  declared  at  an  early 
day.  Large  tracts  of  land  are  not  available  for  settlement  because  the 
settler  cannot  determine  whether  the  title  is  in  the  govdrnmenrt  or  in 
the  railroad  company.  If  he  purchase  from  the  railroad  company  and  it 
fails  to  complete  its  road  and  secure  the  title,  he  takes  nothing  by  such 
purchase,  and  he  cannot  secure  the  land  under  the  settlement  laws,  for 
the  department  is  not  authorized  to  treat  such  lands  as  public  land. 
Besides  this,  the  even  sections  within  the  limits  of  the  grants  ai'e  sub- 
ject to  cash  entry  at  not  less  than  $2.50  per  acre.  Thus  the  settler  is 
sometimes  compelled  to  pay  a  double  price  for  the  privilege  of  owning 
lands  near  a  railroad  which  is  never  constructed. 

Doubtless  in  some  cases,  the  companies  ha\iug  in  good  faith  attempted 
to  build  within  the  time  fixed,  a  forfeiture  would  be  a  great  hardship, 
and  might  be  unjust,  but  in  every  case  where  no  efibrt  was  made  to 
construct  any  portion  of  the  road  until  the  expiration  of  the  time  fixed, 
the  grant  ought  to  be  declared  forfeited  and  the  land  so  withheld  from 
the  operation  of  the  settlement  laws  declared  public  laud. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     585 

PENSIONS. 

There  were,  at  tlie  close  of  the  fiscal  year  June  30, 1882, 285,G07  pen- 
sioners, classified  as  follows:  Army  invalids,  173,lo8;  army  widows,  mi- 
norcliildren,  and  dei)eudent  relatives,  70,448;  Navy  invalids,  2,3G1 ;  Navy 
widows,  minor  children,  and  dependent  relatives,  1,9.j3;  survivors  of  the 
war  of  1812,  7,134;  and  widows  of  those  who  served  in  that  war,  24,GG1. 

There  were  added  to  the  roll  during  the  year  the  names  of  27,CG4  new 
pensioners,  and  the  names  of  G49  whose  ])eu8ions  had  previously  been 
dropped  were  restored  to  the  rolls,  making  an  aggregate  increase  to  the 
roll  of  28,313. 

The  names  of  11,44G  pensioners  were  dropped  from  the  rolls  for  vari- 
ous causes,  leaving  a  net  increase  for  the  year  of  1G,8G7  pensioners. 

At  the  close  of  the  year  the  annual  i)eusion  to  each  pensioner  aver- 
aged $102.70,  and  the  aggregate  annual  value  of  the  whole  roll  was 
$29,341,101.G2. 

The  annual  payment  of  pensions  exceeds  the  annual  value  by  sever.il 
millions  of  dollars,  /.  e.,  the  total  amount  paid  for  i)ensions  during  the 
year,  exclusive  of  the  arrears  due  in  such  pensions  as  were  allowed  prior 
to  January  25,  1879,  was  $53,924,5GG.20,  the  ditterence  between  this  sum 
and  the  annual  value  being  the  arrears  due  in  new  pensions,  computed 
from  the  date  of  discharge  in  the  case  of  an  invalid  soldier,  and  from  the 
death  of  the  soldier  where  pension  was  allowed  to  the  widow  or  others- 

The  amount  paid  during  the  year  upon  first  payment  to  new  pension- 
ers is  5*2G,421,G(j9.19,  and  this  amount  was  paid  to  27,703  pensioners. 

Complete  details  of  these  statements  will  be  found  arranged  and  class- 
ified in  Table  No.  1  of  the  Commissioner's  report,  while  Table  2  will 
show  the  various  causes  for  which  the  names  of  11,44G  pensioners  were 
dro])ped  from  the  roll,  as  well  as  an  analysis  of  the  "widow's''  roll,  show- 
ing the  number  of  widows  who  are  pensioned  with  minor  children,  the 
number  without,  the  number  of  minor  children  in  their  own  right,  an<l 
the  dependent  mothers  and  fathers. 

Tabh'  No.  3  gives  the  amount  appropriated  under  the  several  appro- 
])riation  items,  and  the  disbursements  under  (!ach. 

Very  interesting  details  of  the  operation  of  the  Bureau  are  set  forth 
by  the  Commissioner,  covering  the  ])eriods  since  ISGl,  which  are  arranged 
lor  comjjarison  by  each  year,  and  possess  an  interest  to  all.  In  Table  "> 
will  be  found  a  statement  showing  the  number  of  pension  claims  filed 
and  allowed  since  18G1,  and  the  disbursements  on  account  of  pensions 
since  18(12,  e.  //.,  the  total  number  of  claims  filed  during  tlie  period  is 
837,301,  and  the  nund)er  allowed  is  472,770,  and  the  disbursenjcnts  ag- 
gregatethesum  of  8.">00,04 1,324.75.  Included  in  this  sum  is  $25,234,232.85 
])aid  to  pensioners  for  and  on  account  of  service  during  the  war  of  1812, 
which  was  lirst  provided  for  V)y  the  act  of  Febiiiary  14,  1871. 

A  reference  to  Table  G,  of  the  Commissioners  report  shows  290,900 
claims  for  iiensious  i>e,iiding,   and  75,208  on   the  rejected   files  of  the 


586     REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

ofiice.  The  arrangement  in  tbis  exhibit  shows  the  number  of  claims 
jfiled  during  the  yeai-  (75,087),  the  numbers  admitted  and  lejected,  and 
the  number  actually  pending  at  the  close  of  the  year  of  each  of  the 
twelve  different  classes  of  claimants  and  pensioners. 

The  operations  of  the  special-examination  system,  substituted  by  Con- 
gress on  the  recommendation  of  the  Commissioner,  for  the  "special 
service"  provided  by  section. 4744  of  the  Kevised  Statutes,  appears  to 
have  given  great  satisfaction  and  been  fruitful  in  good  results.  This 
new  system  does  away  with  the  ex  parte,  formerly  in  use,  so  that  the 
claimant  is  afforded  the  opportunity  to  face  the  witnesses,  and  to  appear 
in  person  or  by  counsel  in  the  examination  of  his  case. 

The  expenses  incurred  in  this  service  amount  to  $88,275.23,  while 
the  gross  savings  to  the  government  was  $645,183.98.  Besides  this  the 
sum  of  $01,889.88  represents  one  year's  pension  as  a  future  saving  in 
the  cases  of  those  whose  names  were  dropped  from  the  roll ;  the  cases 
of  those  whose  pension  was  disallowed,  and  the  reductions  in  the  rates 
of  pension. 

A  reference  to  Table  7  of  the  Commissioner's  report  will  show  the  fur- 
ther operations  of  this  service,  including  the  criminal  prosecutions,  &c. 

BTJEEAU  OF  EDUCATION. 

The  Commissioner  of  Education  reports  that  during  the  year  his 
office  has  received  nearly  43,200  communications  and  5,000  documents, 
many  of  great  value,  and  that  more  than  17,000  communications  and 
210,000  documents  were  sent  out,  showing  a  great  increase  of  the  busi- 
ness of  the  ofiice  in  all  its  forms.  The  library  of  the  office  contains 
about  15,000  boohs  and  34,000  pamphlets,  besides  duplicates  suitable 
for  exchange ;  parts  of  the  card-catalogue  will  soon  be  put  to  press. 
The  pedagogical  museum  has  received  valuable  contributions  from  Eu- 
rope and  Japan,  and,  though  incomplete,  already  supplements  the  library 
in  suggesting  to  teachers  and  scho(Jl  ofiicers  imi^rovemeuts  in  methods, 
conditions,  and  appliances  of  education. 

The  Commissioner,  reviewing  the  progress  of  education  during  the 
year,  observes  that  the  thought  of  the  country  has  been  directed  spe- 
cially to  defects  and  insufficiencies  in  means  and  methods,  and  to  the 
character  of  the  reforms  and  remedies  needed.  He  notes  an  increase  in 
the  length  and  number  of  teachers'  institutes  in  the  South.  Greater 
attention  has  been  given  to  vacation  schools  of  philosophy,  science,  and 
letters,  indicating  a  desire  for  more  thorough  treatment  of  questions  re- 
lating to  man  and  his  environment  and  the  applications  of  the  conclusions 
to  personal  conduct  and  public  affairs.  The  taste  for  reading  has  been 
imi>roved  by  reading  circles  and  the  efforts  of  librarians;  the  library 
report  and  other  publications  of  the  office  on  library  administration 
have  been  in  special  demand.  The  visit  of  the  Commissioner  to  the 
Pacific  coast  has  been  followed  by  a  great  increase  of  correspondence 
and  of  documents  sent  j  school-houses  have  been  erected  on  improved 


BEPOBT  OP  THE  SECRETABY  OF  THE  INTESIOE.     587 

plans  supplied  by  the  office  5  supervision  has  become  more  efficient, 
and  school-lauds  have  been  better  guarded.  Oue  Territory  has  required 
cities  to  act  as  single  school  districts,  and  graded  schools  are  the  re- 
sult. All  advances  in  these  pioneer  regions  in  the  education  of  the 
whites  react  favorably  on  the  subject  of  Indian  education.  The  Com- 
missioner notes  the  neglect  of  education  in  New  Mexico,  and  the  total 
absence  of  public  provision  for  it  in  Alaska,  and  calls  attention  to  the 
supreme  power  of  Congress  over  the  Territories,  renewing  his  recom- 
mendation for  the  appointment  of  their  suiierintendents  of  instruction 
by  the  President.  {Special  attention  has  been  directed  to  the  lack  of 
school-sittijigs  in  cities,  the  non-attendance  of  children  and  their  ex- 
posure to  the  evils  of  pauperism  and  crime;  many  forms  of  industrial 
training  for  boys  and  girls  have  been  devised  by  private  charities,  and 
sewing  has  been  taught  successfully  to  girls  in  the  public  schools  of 
Boston.  The  "  Colleges  of  Agriculture  and  the  Mechanic  Arts"  are  lead- 
ing in  the  solution  of  the  problems  of  industrial  training,  and  private 
foundations  for  the  same  purpose  are  increasing. 

Great  efforts  are  made  by  the  professions  and  by  professional  men  to 
advance  the  standard  of  admission  to  the  practice  of  law,  medicine,  en- 
gineering, chemistry,  and  pharmacy.  Physical  education,  care  of  eye- 
sight and  hearing,  proper  supi)ly  of  good  air  and  light,  prevention  of 
the  dissemination  of  contagious  and  infectious  diseases  in  public  schools, 
have  never  been  more  considered.  The  imjDrovement  in  methods  of 
instruction  seeks  to  avoid  cramming  and  to  promote  sound  mental 
growth  in  healthy  bodies. 

The  vigor  of  growing  educational  sentiment  has  shown  itself  in  ad- 
vanced legislation.  One  State  has  abolished  the  di'strict  and  adoi)ted 
the  town  system ;  several  have  made  additional  provisions  for  colored 
education.  The  appalling  illiteracy  in  the  States  where  slavery  lias  been 
lately  abolished  remains;  their  educational  facilities  are  entiiely  in- 
adequate. 

The  most  important  proposition  with  reference  to  elementary  educa- 
tion now  before  the  American  people  is  the  appeal  for  national  aid. 
The  necessity  for  immediate  relief  is  urged  upon  Congress  by  State 
legislatures  and  governors,  by  municipal  officers,  by  school  oflicers  of 
States  and  counties,  and  by  religious  and  benevolent  associations  that 
have  contributed  men  and  money  without  stint  to  the  cause  which  they 
advocate.  The  Commissioner  urges  the  prompt  action  of  Congress  in 
such  way  as  the  wisdom  of  that  body  may  devise, 

I  wish  to  emphasize  the  recommendation  of  the  Commissioner  as  to 
the  propriety  and  necessity  of  speedy  temporary  aid  by  the  Federal 
Government  to  education.  I  believe  that  it  is  the  primary  duty  of  States 
to  supply  free  public  schools  for  the  children  in  their  borders,  and  that 
much  should  be  sacrificed  and  endured  by  these  communities  for  this 
purpose;  but  I  know  that  circumstances  often  render  the  performance 
of  this  duty  impossible,  and  I  am  now,  as  heretofore,  an  advocate  of  the 


588     KEPOKT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

doctrine  that  the  nation  has  dnties  to  peil'orni  in  this  regard  as  well  as 
powers  to  exercise.  The  local  sentiment  in  favor  of  education  is  so  strong 
that  the  action  reqnired  froni  the  general  government  is  simply  to  make 
and  disburse  suitable  a])i)r()priations  so  as  to  encourage  and  stimulate 
the  States  that  are  least  able  to  carry  ou  the  work  for  themselves.  It 
seems  reasonable  and  generally  agreed  upon  that  such  moneys  should 
be  apportioned  on  the  amount  of  illiteracy  as  shown  in  the  last  Federal 
census,  and  that  it  should  continue  for  some  years,  so  that  the  children 
now  growing  up  without  any  opportunity'  for  school  privileges  may  be 
supplied  before  passing  beyond  their  non-age  into  ignorant  manhood 
and  womanhood.  If  efficient  public  schools  can  be  maintained  for  ten 
or  fifteen  years  in  the  States,  there  will  be  no  danger  of  their  abandon- 
ment. An  educated  community  will  demand,  and  Mill  in  some  way 
obtain,  suitable  educational  facilities  for  all  classes  of  children  within 
its  borders  ;  but  an  ignorant  community  neither  knows  nor  believes  in 
their  education ;  it  has  not  thought;  it  sufl"ers  daily  and  hourly  by  evils, 
social,  commercial,  and  moral,  for  which  it  has  no  remedy  and  from 
which  it  has  uo  refuge.  The  occasion  and  the  duty  are  now  pressing 
on  Congress  for  attention. 

GEOLOGICAL  SUEVEY. 

The  report  of  the  Director  of  the  Geological  Survey  exhibits  important 
progress  in  that  branch  of  the  public  service.  Ou  its  organization  at 
the  beginning  of  the  fiscal  year  of  1879'-80,  the  unpublished  material 
of  the  United  States  Geological  Survey  of  the  Rocky  Mountain  Eegion 
was  transferred  tq  the  new  organization.  During  the  first  year  of  the 
existence  of  the  Geological  Survey,  and  the  major  part  of  the  second 
year,  active  operations  were  carried  on  in  the  field,  and  much  work  done, 
but  no  iiublication  made.  Hence,  at  the  beginning  of  the  past  fiscal 
year,  a  large  body  of  scieirtific  material  relating  to  geology  and  geography 
and  cognate  subjects  had  been  collected. 

Under  these  circumstances  it  was  thought  best  not  to  continue  the 
work  in  the  field  in  the  same  elaborate  manner  as  before,  but  to  give 
more  especial  attention  to  the  work  in  the  office  and  laboratory  neces- 
sary for  the  publication  of  the  large  amount  of  scientific  matter  on  hand. 
This  office  and  laboratory  work  consisted  of  the  identification,  classifi- 
cation, and  description  of  fossils;  the  chemical  and  microscopic  examin- 
ation of  rocks,  minerals,  ai\d  ores  ;  the  construction  of  geological  sec- 
tions; the  preparation  of  charts,  diagrams,  and  other  illustrations  ;  and 
the  preparation  of  reports  on  the  various  subjects  which  had  occupied 
the  attention  of  the  scientific  men  of  the  Survey. 

Experiments  have  been  prosecuted  for  the  pur^jose  of  determiniug 
with  greater  accuracy  certain  physical  constants  of  rocks  relating  to  the 
phenomena  of  fusion,  considered  with  reference  to  variation  of  pres- 
sure; the  phenomena  of  elasticity  and  viscosity  as  affected  by  tempera- 
ture and  pressure;  and  the  iihenomena  of  heat  conductivity  under 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOU.     589 

similar  circumstances.    Tliese  experiments  on  rocks  have  been  under 
the  management  of  the  former  director,  Mr,  Chiience  King. 

Another  corps  of  the  Survey  has  been  engaged  in  n)aking  an  exami- 
nation of  the  structural  geology  of  the  Eureka  nnning  district  of  Ne- 
vada. The  work  has  been  ehietly  in  the  office  and  laboratory.  Under 
this  same  division  an  examination  of  the  volcanic  rocks  of  the  Great 
Basin  and  of  Mount  Shasta,  ]\[ount  Hood,  and  Mount  Kainier  has  been 
made. 

Another  department  of  the  work  has  been  the  study  of  the  geologic 
feature  of  certain  lake  basins  in  Utah,  Nevada,  and  California.  The 
lakes  themselves  are  now  extinct,  except  certain  fragments  which  re- 
main, as  Great  Salt  Lake,  Pyramid  Lake,  and  other  smaller  bodies  of 
water,  but  in  a  former  time  they  occupied  large  areas  of  country. 
Their  history  can  bo  studied  in  the  geologic  changes  which  they  ef- 
fected, and  an  important  part  of  the  study  of  their  history  is.the  study 
of  Quaternary  climate.  This  leads  to  the  study  of  the  climate  of  the 
arid  portion  of  the  United  States.  The  greater  part  of  the  work  has 
been  in  the  office  and  laboratory,  but  small  parties  have  been  employed 
in  the  field. 

Another  field  of  investigation  has  been  the  study  of  the  Glacial  for- 
mations extending  from  the  Atlantic  coast  to  the  middle  portion  of  the 
Great  Plains,  but  found  only  in  the  northern  latitudes  of  the  L'nited 
States.  Field  parties  have  been  engaged  in  the  northwestern  portion 
of  the  country  and  in  connecting  that  work  with  what  has  already  been 
done  by  State  geologists  and  other  persons  in  the  eastern  portion  of 
the  United  States.  This  investigation  also  is  a  research  relating  to 
Quaternary  climate  and  complements  that  previously  mentioned.  Jt  is 
also  an  investigation  of  the  character  and  origin  of  the  present  topo- 
gi-aphic  features  of  the  area  involved.  Much  of  this  work  also  lias  been 
in  the  office  and  laboratory. 

A  division  of  the  Survey  has  been  engaged  in  investigations  relating 
to  the  economic  geology  of  Ten-Mile  District,  Summit  County,  Colorado. 
Anotlier  field  of  investigation  has  been  entered  at  Golden,  including  the 
Imsaltic  mesas  oi'that  region,  which  is  to  lie  ('xpandod  so  as  to  extend 
over  the  entire  Denver  coal  basin.  The  geologists  in  charge;  of  this  work 
in  Colorado  have  spent  a  large  portion  of  their  time  in  the  offic«*  and 
laboratory  preparing  the  report  on  th(!  Lcadville  District. 

In  Nevada  th<*  Eureka  District  has  l>een  carelYilly  sur\eyrd  and  the 
field  work  is  nearly  comj>leted.     The  officers  of  this  division  during 
much  (if  the  fiscal  year  have  been  engaged  in  office  and  laboratory  in 
vestigations  necessary  to  the  preparation  of  the  report  on  the  Comstock 
Lode  and  Washoe  District. 

All  of  the  investigations  in  economic  geology  will  hav*-  a  practical 
value  in  determining  tlie  cliaracteristics  of  ore  dei)osits,  and  Avill  ad- 
vance mining  industries  by  pointing  out  the  best  methods  of  sys- 
tematic development. 


590      REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 

Early  in  the  fiscal  year  j[?eoj?raphic  work  was  commencerl  in  New 
Mexico  and  Arizona.  A  base  line  was  measured  at  Fort  Wingate,  a 
system  of  triangulation  expanded  therefrom  over  the  adjacent  country, 
and  the  topo8Tai)hy  of  the  region  mapped.  This  field  connects  on  the 
east,  north,  and  west  with  areas  previously  surveyed  by  i)arties  under 
the  direction  of  the  Department  of  the  Interior  and  the  War  Depart- 
ment. The  geographic  survey  is  preliminary  to  a  geological  examina- 
tion of  the  country. 

During  the  year  the  Survey  has  been  engaged  in  compiling  and  dis- 
cussing the  statistics  relating  to  the  mines  and  mining  industries  of  the 
United  States  collected  by  the  tenth  census.  The  facts  and  statistics 
relate  to  the  geographic  and  geologic  distribution  of  mines  and  the 
relation  of  mining  districts  to  mountain  systems,  the  nature  of  ores, 
gangue-minerals,  inclosing  rocks,  and  the  character  of  ore  deposits,  in 
addition  to  statistics  of  production,  capital  stocfk,  plant,  assessments, 
dividends,  market  value,  &c.,the  methods  employed  in  mining,  milling, 
smelting,  &c.,  and  the  labor,  power,  and  material  supplies  consumed  in 
mining. 

Altogether  the  work  of  the  Survey  has  been  wisely  planned  and 
vigorously  prosecuted. 

PEOGRESS  OF  THE  CENSUS. 

The  compilation  of  the  returns  of  the  tenth  ceasus  and  the  prepara- 
tion of  the  extended  report  thereupon  rapidly  approach  completion. 

The  degree  of  progress  attained  may  be  shown  by  a  comparison  with 
the  report  upon  the  census  of  1870.  That  report,  in  three  quarto  vol- 
umes, contained  in  the  aggTegate  2,403  pages,  text  and  tabular  matter, 
of  which  2,212  pages  were  s'olid  statistical  tables.  The  subjects  which 
were  treated  on  2,036  of  these  pages  have  been  completely  covered  in  the 
present  census  by  tables  which  have  already  been  prepared,  and  are  either 
now  in  type  or  are  ready  for  the  printer. 

These  tables  are  in  no  instance  less  extended,  but,  on  the  contrary, 
are  in  most  cases  more  complete  and  elaborate  than  were  the  corre- 
sponding tables  in  the  report  of  1870,  and  will  occupy  3,000  or  more  pages, 
instead  of  2,036,  as  in  1870. 

The  preparation  of  tables  to  cover  the  ground  of  the  remaining  176 
pages  of  the  report  of  1870,  is,  to  say  the  least,  not  less  than  half  com- 
pleted, and  will  now  be  expedited  by  concentration  of  the  clerical  force, 
which  is  made  possible  by  the  completion  of  other  branches  of  work. 

Of  the  thirty-two  chief  special  agents  who  have  conducted  special 
investigations,  sixteen  have  concluded  their  work ;  have  either  trans- 
mitted their  reports  to  the  Census  Office  or  hold  them  in  their  own 
hands,  practically  complete.  Eleven  others  have  nearly  completed  their 
investigations,  and  will  submit  their  reports  more  rapidly  than  they  can 
receive  the  office  revision  and  be  carried  through  the  press,  while  the 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     591 

rfiiiMiiiiiij?  tivc  have  made  satisfactory  progi-ess,  having  their  material 
now  all  in  Innid  and  tlie  writing  of  their  rejwrts  well  advanced. 

Congress  at  its  last  session  provided  for  printing  the  extended  re- 
l)orts,  to  be  comprised  in  some  15,000  pages,  quarto,  in  volumes  of  800 
to  1,(K)()  pages  each,  and  also  a  compendium  or  abridgment  in  a  single 
octavo  volume.  It  had  originally  been  proposed  by  the  Census  Ollice 
to  issue  a  compendium  in  two  volumes,  the  first  volume  to  issue  in  June 
or  July  last,  and  the  remaining  one  after  the  completion  of  the  quarto 
report.  This  ])]an  was  changed  near  the  close  of  the  session,  at  the  re- 
quest of  the  Senate  Committee  on  Printing  and  the  Ilouse  Commit- 
tee on  Appropriations,  and  the  Census  Office  undertook  to  prepare  for 
issue  during  the  current  autumn  a  compendium  iu  one  volume  which 
should  contain  a  sunnnary  of  so  much  of  the  statistics  of  the  census  as 
could  be  got  ready  in  that  time.  The  tables,  consequently,  for  such  a 
volume  have  been  prepared  and  are  being  put  in  tyi)e  and  stereotyped 
by  the  Public  Printer,  the  i)ress-work  for  an  edition  of  2r),000  following 
as  rapidly  as  the  IG-page  forms  are  completed,  and  it  is  believed  that  by 
the  1st  of  December  the  work  of  binding  can  be  commenced. 

But  for  this  diversion  of  etfort  in  the  Census  Office  to  the  prepara- 
tion of  the  Compendium,  there  would  be  now  in  the  printer's  hands 
copy  for  six  comi)lete  volumes,  of  from  800  to  1,000  pages  each,  of  the 
quarto  report,  namely: 

1.  The  complete  statistics  of  population. 
II.  A  volume  comprising  the  principal  statistics  of  agriculturia. 

III.  Manufactures. 

IV.  Wealth,  debt,  and  taxation. 
V.  Statistics  of  mortal itj'. 

VI.  Professor  Hilgard's  report  upon  cotton  culture. 

Already  2,07G  pages  for  these  volumes  are  in  ty]>e,  of  which  1,951 
are  stereotyped,  1.528  pages  having  had  a  small  circulation  in  pre- 
liminary office  editions  of  parts  of  these  volumes.  The  remaining  coi)y 
for  them  will  soon  be  placed  in  the  printer's  hands;  and  it  is  believed 
that  by  the  close  of  December  the  whole  will  have  been  furnished. 

The  remaining  volumes  will  shortly  follow,  and  the  whole  will  reach 
the  printer  during  the  present  fiscal  year,  with  a  possible  exception  of 
a  portion  of  the  volume  relating  to  vital  statistics,  and  a  poi-tion  of  the 
report  upon  so<;ial  statistics  of  cities,  not  to  exceed  1,(100  ]);ig('s  in  ;ill. 

The  attention  of  Congress  should  be  invite<l  to  the  advisability  of 
further  legislation  with  respect  to  the  inter-decennial  State  census  con- 
templated by  the  twenty-second  section  of  the  act  "to  providt*  tor  tiie 
taking  of  the  tenth  and  subsequent  censuses,"  approved  ^farch  3,  1870. 

Several  of  the  States  have  already  indicated  their  intention  to  avail 
theniselves  of  that  provision  of  law,  and  the  blank  schedules,  the  forms 
of  which  are  fixed  by  the  act  in  question,  should  be  ni(»dili»Ml  by  the  ex- 
perience of  the  tenth  census. 


592  KEPORT   OF   THE   SECRETARY    OF   THE    INTERIOR. 

THE  UTAH  COMMISSION. 

The  Commissioners  a]ipointed  under  section  9  of  an  act  to  amend 
section  5352  of  the  iievised  Statutes  of  the  United  Statfss,  in  refer- 
ence to  bigamy  and  other  purposes,  approved  March  22,  1882,  made  a 
preliminary  report  on  the  31st  of  August  last,  and  another  report  on 
the  17th  of  November,  which  are  herewith  submitted. 

It  appears  by  these  reports  that  the  Commissioners  entered  into  the 
discharge  of  the  duties  assigned  to  them  under  said  act,  and  have  given 
diligent  attention  to  the  same.  Eules  were  adopted  for  the  registra- 
tion of  voters  and  the  conduct  of  elections.  Eegisters  were  appointed 
as  nearly  as  practicable  in  conformity  with  local  law,  excluding,  how- 
ever, all  persons  ineligible  under  the  Congiessional  act.  The  registra- 
tion of  voters  having  been  completed  under  the  laws  of  Utah,  the  Com- 
missioners decided  not  to  commence  de  novo,  but  to  review  the  list,  ap- 
plying the  principles  of  said  Congressional  act. 

From  the  report  of  the  register  of  voters  it  appears  that  the  total 
registered  vote  was  33,266,  of  which  18,772  were  males  and  14,494 
females,  and  that  about  12,000  males  and  females  were  excluded  from 
registration  by  reason  sf  polygamy. 

The  Commissioners  report  that  during  the  cainpaign  preceding  the 
November  election  for  Delegate  to  Congress — 

The  people  of  all  classes  manifested  a  lively  interest  iu  public  affairs,  and  attended 
tJie  political  meetings  in  large  nnml>ers,  aijd  sucli  meetings  were  characterized  by  ex- 
ceptional good  order,  good  humor,  and  decorum. 

The  Commissioners  appointed,  the  week  before  election,  five  gentle- 
men of  character  to  canvass  the  votes,  who,  in  the  presence  of  the  Com- 
mission, on  the  16th  of  Noveml)er,  discharged  that  duty,  declaring  that 
John  T.  Caine  had  received  23,039  votes,  and  PhUlip  T.  Ton  Zile,  4,884. 
The  certificate  was  accordingly  given  to  Mr.  Caine  as  the  duly  elected 
Delegate. 

The  Commissioners  recommend  the  enactment  by  Congress  of  a  mar- 
riage law,  declaring  that  all  future  marriages  in  the  Territory  of  Utah 
shall  be  void  unless  solemnized  in  a  public  manner,  with  proper  wit- 
ness, and  that  a  public  record  be  made  thereof. 

The  Commissioners  also  recommend  the  repeal  of  the  law  conferring 
the  right  of  suffrage  on  the  females  of  that  Territory,  declaring  that  in 
the  judgment  of  the  Commission  said  law  is  an  obstruction  to  the  speedy 
solution  of  the  "vexed  question,"  and  also  suggest  that  the  first  or  legal 
wife  be  declared  by  act  of  Congress  a  competent  witness  in  all  prose- 
cutions for  "polygamy,  bigamy,  or  unlawful  cohabiting.*'  Speaking  of 
the  law  under  which  they  were  appointed,  the  Commissioners  say: 

But  so  far  it  has  been  a  decided  success  in  excluding  polygamists  from  the  exercise 
of  suffrage ;  and  wo  are  of  the  opinion  that  the  steady  and  continned  enforcement  of 
the  law  will  place  polygamy  iu  a  condition  of  gradual  extinction,  and  that  the 
domination  that  is  complained  of  by  non-Mormons  in  Utah,  and  elsewhere,  will,  at  no 
distant  day,  be  much  ameliorated. 


Hi  -OitT    OF    THE    SECx.ETARY    OP   THE    INTEEIOK.  593 

lu  accepting  the  tnist  committed  to  us,  it  was  not  expected  by  the  Commission, 
and  we  sappose  not  anticipated  by  Congress  nor  the  Executivo  Department  of  the 
government,  that  the  desired  results  would  be  accomplished  at  once,  nor  in  the  brief 
space  of  a  few  mouths ;  but  there  is  reason  to  believe  that  the  operation  of  this  law, 
and  other  influences,  are  setting  strongly  in  the  direction  of  reform,  and  that  the 
hitherto  dominant  faction  will  bo  supplanted  by  "Young  Utah"  in  the  conduct  of 
pbnlic  aft'aira. 

The  Commission  further  say : 

Our  attention  has  been  called  to  the  propriety  of  our  recommending  Congressional 
legislation  of  a  radical  character ;  but  we  are  not  inclined  to  advise  such  measures, 
unless  upon  further  obser\'ation  and  experience  the  wisdom  and  necessity  of  such 
legislation  shall  be  demonstrated. 

CAPITOL  BUILDING  Als^D  GROUNDS. 

The  Architect  of  the  Capitol  reports  that,  according  to  law,  rooms  are 
being  made  in  the  crypt  of  the  Capitol  for  the  sc.-ring  of  boor""  connected 
with  the  Congressional  Library  ;  that  a  need  exists  ''or  greater  accom- 
modation for  Congressional  committees,  and  that  the  iiio-room  connected 
with  the  office  of  the  Clerk  of  the  Ilouse  has  been  ext^^nded  in  a  fire- 
proof manner,  and  fitted  with  metallic  file-cases  and  shelving. 

In  the  Capitol  building  a  large  nmount  of  painting  ai  ,}  repairing  has 
been  done.  The  dome  has  been  entirely  repainted,  a  measure  rendered 
necessary  for  the  jireservation  of  the  iron  work  by  the  decay  of  the  old 
coating  of  paint. 

The  Architect  advises  an  early  renewal  of  the  copper  portion  of  the 
roof  over  the  library.  The  old  roof,  which  was  badly  impaired  during 
the  con«itruction  of  the  dome,  is  now  so  weak  that  it  can  no  longer  be 
kept  Wfettther-tight. 

The  heating  and  ventilating  apparatus  in  the  Capitol  has  been  kept 
in  good  order,  and  has  acted  in  the  most  satisfactory  manner  under  some 
very  severe  tests  applied  to  it  during  the  past  year. 

The  boilers  were  examined  last  spring  and,  although  they  had  been 
in  continuous  use  during  twenty-five  years,  they  were  found  to  be  in 
very  good  condition  and  ])erfectly  safe. 

Experiments  made  with  apparatus  for  lighting  by  electricity  were  not 
satisfactory  in  their  results.  The  Architect  desires  to  hasten  the  time 
when  a  competent  electric  light  can  be  put  in.  It  is  found  that  leak- 
ages from  the  pipes  tluougli  which  gas  is  conducted  to  the  building 
have  destroyed  some  of  the  plants  in  the  Capitol  grounds. 

The  dynamo-electric  ai)paratus  used  for  lighting  the  gas  in  the  Uall 
of  the  Ilouse  and  in  the  Senate  Chamber  has  operated  well  and  is  in 
good  condition,  a  few  minor  repairs  only  Ix'ing  reijuired. 

The  extension  of  the  Washington  court-house,  authorized  by  act  of 
Congress  February  1, 1881,  is  so. Air  advanced  as  to  warrant  the  Archi- 
tect in  stating  that  it  will  be  completed  during  this  winter.  The  repairs 
to  the  old  building  liave  all  been  made. 

The  extension  to  the  Government  Printing  Ofiice  has  been  completed, 
.38  Al> 


594  REPOltr    OF    TJIE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    INTERIOR. 

including  ;i  stable  for  the  accommodation  of  twenty  horses,  at  a  cost 
within  that  prescribed  by  law. 

The  Botanic  Garden  has  been  greatly  improved  during  the  year  by 
cutting  down  the  mound  over  the  "Tiber"  sewer,  and  by  filling  in  the 
lawns  and  extending  the  walks.  !Next  year  it  will  be  necessary  to  re- 
imint  the  conservatory,  lu  order  to  preserve  the  iron  work. 

The  work  of  improving  the  Capitol  grounds  has  steadily  progressed. 
It  will  be  impossible  to  reduce  the  grounds  upon  the  west  to  a  harmo- 
nious finish  before  the  western  terrace  and  staircase  are  completed.  The 
joint  committee  upon  buildings  and  grounds  have  reviewed  the  plans 
adopted  for  these  improvements  seven  years  ago,  and  are  understood 
to  favor  their  being  carried  out  as  soon  as  possible.  It  is  hoped  this 
matter  will  receive  the  favorable  attention  of  the  present  Congress. 

The  appropriations  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1882,  were  as 
follows : 

For  Capitol  extension ^57,000 

For  lighting  Capitol  and  grounds 30, 000 

For  Capitol  grounds -c 00,000 

For  extension  of  Government  Printing  Office 40,000 

For  enlarging  Washington  court-house 117,000 

Accompanying  the  report  is  a  carefully-prepared  index  to  the  trees 
in  the  Capitol  grounds ;  a  set  of  historical  notes  upon  the  Capitol ;  in- 
formation to  strangers  visiting  the  premises;  and  a  statement  of  the 
observations  made  by  the  chief  engineer  o^the  heating  and  ventilating 
department,  showing  the  movements  of  air,  its  temperature  and  humid- 
ity, and  the  capacity  of  the  apparatus  for  forcing  air  into  and  taking  it 
out  of  the  building. 

RECOJs^STEUCTIOK  OF  EOOF  AND  MODEL-HALL  OF  SOUTH 
WING,  PATENT-OFFICE  BUILDING. 

An  estimate  of  §150,000  for  this  purpose  is  submitted  and  urged  upon 
the  favorable  consideration  of  Congress. 

It  is  apparent  that  the  roofs  and  attics  of  the  south  and  east  wings  of 
this  building  are  in  as  inilammable  a  condition  as  were  those  of  the  north 
and  "west  wings  destroyed  by  the  fire  of  1877.  Upon  this  subject  atten- 
tion is  respectfully  invited  to  the  message  of  the  President  to  the 
Senate  and  House  of  October  17, 1877,  (House  Ex.  Doc.  No.  2,  Forty- 
fifth  Congress,  first  session,)  and  its  accompanying  papers,  and  also  to 
a  subsequent  message  of  December  10,  1877,  (House  Ex.  Doc.  No.  10, 
Forty-fifth  Congress,  second  session.)  The  documents  contain  the  re- 
ports of  three  several  boards,  two  of  said  boards  having  been  com- 
posed of  government  engineers  and  architects,  and  all  concurring  in  the 
necessity  for  a  fire-proof  reconstruction  of  the  roofs  of  the  south  and 
east  wings.  To  put  on  new  roofs  and  not  remodel  the  halls  under  them 
substantially  uniform  with  the  reconstructed  north  and  west  halls, 
would  seem  unwise,  as  the  most  cursory  examination  would  showj 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     595 

and  for  the  further  reason  that  additional  floor-space  for  the  working 
force  of  the  department  might  thereby  be  secured  to  the  amount  of 
16,800  square  feet  without  decreasing  the  present  area  for  model-cases. 
The  reconstruction  of  the  north  and  west  halls  has  increased  the  space 
for  model-cases  by  50  i)er  cent.  The  necessity  for  additional  oflice-room 
is  universally  admitted  and  demonstrated  by  competent  witnesses ;  in- 
deed the  estimates  for  the  clerical  force  of  the  General  Land  OfBce  for  the 
ensuing  fiscal  year  were  not  placed  fit  a  justifiable  amount  for  the  reason 
that  there  would  not  be  room  in  the  building  where  an  additional  force 
could  be  worked  to  advantage.  In  this  connection  attention  is  invited 
to  Senate  Eeport  Xo.  302,  Forty-seventh  Congress,  first  session. 

Should  the  foregoing  recommendations  receive  favorable  considera- 
tion, I  beg  leave  to  further  recommend  that  an  unexpended  balance  of 
$41,500  for  fire-proof  model-cases  in  new  halls  be  made  available  for 
similar  cases  in  the  south  hall,  so  that  the  cases  might  be  ready  as  soon 
as  the  new  hall  might  be  ready.  This  balance  exists  from  the  fact  that 
the  west  hall,  where  they  were  to  be  set  up,  is  occupied  for  clerical  uses 
by  the  Patent  and  Land  Ofiices. 

It  is  believed  that  all  the  principal  work  contemplated  in  the  forego- 
ing recommendations  could  be  accomplished  within  the  ensuing  fiscal 
year,  leaving  to  a  subsequent  Congress  the  determination  as  to  the  re- 
maining or  east  wing  of  the  building,  as  it  would  be  unwise  to  under- 
take the  reconstruction  of  both  the  south  and  east  wings  at  the  same 
time. 

The  w  ork  of  reconstruction  should  be  carried  on,  as  heretofore,  under 
the  supervision  of  a  board  comprising  the  Commissioner  of  Patents,  the 
Engineer  in  charge  of  Public  Buildhigs  and  Grounds,  and  the  Architect 
of  the  Capitol. 

FREEDMAN'S  HOSPITAL. 

The  report  of  the  surgeon  in  charge  shows  a  large  increase  in  the 
number  of  cases  admitted.  During  the  year,  1,028  patients  were  ad- 
mitted and  74  infants  were  born.  There  were  discharged  904  j  and  195 
died,  5  still-born.  On  the  30th  of  June  last,  22S  remained  in  the  hos- 
pital, of  whom  34  were  white  and  194  colored. 

Accompanying  the  report  is  a  tabulated  statement  of  the  nativity  of 
patients,  the  diseases  treated,  the  causes  of  death  in  those  cases  which 
so  terminated,  and  the  more  important  surgical  operations  performed. 

The  hospital  has  at  present  300  beds.  The  capacity  can  be  increased 
by  utilizing  the  lecture-rooms  connected  with  the  building. 

The  unusual  mortality  shown  in  the  report  is  explained  bj"  the  sur- 
geon's statement  that  many  of  the  patients  went  into  hospital  only 
when  their  cases  had  become  liopeless.  A  largo  number  died  within  a 
few  hours  after  nilniission.  The  surgeon  recommends  that  a  board  of 
visitors  be  appointed,  who  should  have  the  liberty  of  the  hospital  at  all 
times.    Siich  a  board  would,  in  his  opinion,  do  much  to  give  the  public 


596  REPORT    OF   THE    SECRETAKY    OF   THE    INTERIOR. 

;i  proper  idea  of  tlio  in!ij?nitud«  and  facilities  of  the  institution,  and  thus 
remove  the  prejudice  against  hospitals  which  seems  to  exist  in  the  mind 
of  the  people. 

The  report  recommends  that,  as  the  hospital  has  now  become  perma- 
nent, the  government  purchase  the  building  and  gromuls. 

HOSPITAL  FOR  THE  IIs'SANE. 

The  twenty-seventh  annual  report  of  the  Board  of  Visitors  of  the  in- 
stitution shows  the  growing  work  and  usefulness. 

The  number  of  patients  under  treatment  on  June  30,  18S] ,  was  925, 
of  whom  700  wxrc  males  and  225  females. 

On  June  30,  1882,  the  number  under  treatment  was  942. 

During  the  year,  247  were  admitted,  of  whom  178  were  males  and  C9 
were  females.    In  the  same  time  101  died,  and  129  were  discharged. 

Of  the  patients  under  treatment  June  30, 1882, 423  were  from  the  Army, 
49  from  the  Navy,  14  from  the  Marine  Hospital  Service,  and  456  from 
civil  life. 

At  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year  there  were  17  private  patients,  of  whom 
9  were  males  and  8  females. 

Tables  accompanying  the  report  show  in  minute  and  interesting  de- 
tail the  monthly  changes  of  population,  the  physical  condition  of  those 
who  died,  the  duration  of  disease  in  the  cases  of  those  who  diedj  the 
duration  of  disease  before  admission,  the  nativity  of  patients,  the  form 
of  disease,  the  time  of  life  when  insanity  developed,  the  history  of  an- 
nual admissions,  the  mean  annual  mortality,  and  the  proportion  of 
recoveries. 

The  total  mortality  of  the  year,  while  not  excessive  as  compared  with 
other  hospitals,  was  larger  than  the  average  mortality  at  this  institu- 
tion for  any  year  of  the  ten  years  last  preceding.  This  is  accounted  for 
by  the  fact  that  a  large  proportion  of  the  population  is  made  up  of  per- 
sons who  served  in  the  volunteer  army,  who  have  been  inmates  of  the 
hospital  for  a  number  of  years,  and  who  are  now  growing  old.  It  is 
reasonable  to  expect  that  for  some  years  to  come  there  will  be  a  grow- 
ing mortality  rate  in  this  class  of  patients.  The  rate  was  further  swollen 
by  a  bilious  disorder  which  appeared  in  the  year  and  operated  fatally  in 
the  cases  of  a  few  patients  who  had  been  rendered  feeble  by  protracted 
disease  of  other  kinds.  This  disorder  was  attributable  to  the  impure 
water  of  the  Anacostia  River,  then  in  use  at  the  hospital.  The  appro- 
priation made  by  Congress  for  connecting  the  hospital  with  the  water 
system  of  Washington  City  enabled  the  authorities  to  supply  the  hos- 
pital with  Potomac  water,  so  that  a  reappearance  of  trouble  from  that 
cause  need  not  be  looked  for. 

The  president  of  the  board  of  visitors  urges  the  necessity  of  carry- 
ing out  the  plan  for  detached  buildings  already  approved  and  com- 
menced upon.  The  completion  of  these  additions  will  be  a  very  great 
relief  to  the  hospital,  since  it  will  not  only  enable  the  board  to  easily 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     597 

nccoimnodate  the  iucrease  of  populatiou  that  must  result  from  the  oper- 
ation of  the  receut  act  of  Congress  providing  at  this  hospital  for  the 
oare  of  insane  from  the  Home  for  Disabled  A^olunteer  Soldiers,  but  will 
(jonduce  to  the  comfort,  convenience,  and  health  of  all  the  inmates.  The 
plan  includes  detached  kitchens,  the  need  for  which  is  urgently  felt. 

The  experiment  of  indoor  work  continues  to  yield  an  increase  of  sat- 
isfactory results,  and  the  larger  liberty  which  has  recently  been  per- 
mitted to  inmates  in  their  movements  about  the  buildings  and  grounds 
has  been  found  both  pleasant  and  beneficial  in  its  effect. 

The  board  recommends  especially  than  an  allowance  be  made  in  the 
next  jippropriation  for  the  constrnction  of  a  cold  grapery,  forcing  and 
green  house,  which  they  represent  would  prove  a  wise  and  economic  as 
well  as  aesthetic  improvement.  But  above  this,  and  as  a  measure  of 
simple  economy,  they  ask  foa-  increased  shelter  for  neat  stock  and  barn 
room  for  farm  products. 

The  farm  and  garden  at  the  hospital  yielded  products  to  the  value  of 
$24,143.21.    Products  valued  at  $7,265  were  consumed  on  the  farm. 

The  estimates  for  the  next  year  are  as  follows : 

For  the  support  of  the  iustitution $266,425 

For  general  repairs  and  improvements 10, 000 

For  special  improvements 27, 500 

The  superintendent  of  the  hospital  submits,  with  the  report  of  the 
board,  a  detailed  account  of  the  receipts  and  exi)enditiires  for  the  year, 
from  which  it  appears  that  there  was  paid  for  subsistence  the  sum  of 
$94,251.87 ;  for  house-furnishing,  fuel,  lights,  &c.,  $22,492.29 ;  for  dry 
goods,  clothing,  books,  stationery,  and  miscellaneous,  $14,430.02 ;  for 
medical  supplies  for  individual  ))atients  and  patients'  amusement, 
$5,170.28;  for  the  farm,  garden,  aurl  stable,  $12,772.84;  for  repairs  and 
improvements,  $14,831.75 ;  and  for  salaries  and  wages,  $73,012.07.  The 
total  receipts  were :  Appropriations,  $180,792..51;  for  board  of  private 
patients  and  special  attendance,  $50,179.70. 

The  only  change  in  the  lyersonnel  of  the  staff  of  the  iustitution  was 
brought  about  by  the  Rev.  J.  S.  Deale,  who  resigned  his  place  as  chaj)- 
laiu  after  a  long  and  most  acceptable  service  in  that  capacity.  The 
Kev.  C.  Herbert  Richardson  was  appointed  to  the  place  thus  made 
va<;iuit. 

COLUMBIA  INSTITUTION  FOR  THE  DEAF  AND  DUMB. 

The  number  of  pupils  under  instruction  in  the  Columbia  Institution 
for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  during  the  last  yetir  was  one  hundred  and 
eleven.  Fifty-one  of  these  were  in  the  collegiate  dei)artment,  represent- 
ing twenty  States  and  the  Federal  District. 

The  general  health  of  the  institution  has  been  excellent  during  the 
year. 

The  results  of  physical  training  in  the  new  gymnasium  are  very  gi-ati- 
fying.     Six  young  men  were  graduated  from  the  collegiate  department, 


598  REPORT    OF   THE    SECRETA»Ry    OF   THE    INTERIOR. 

four  reccivhifj  the  degree  of  B.  A.  and  two  the  dej'ree  of  li.  S.  More 
than  twenty  others  were  h-ouorably  dismissed  who  had  pursued  partial 
courses  of  study,  and  who  were  well  prepared  to  enter  upon  the  busi- 
ness of  life. 

For  the  expenditures  of  next  year  the  directors  a.sk  $55,000  for  cur- 
rent expenses,  $10,000  for  the  erection  of  two  small  detached  buildings, 
and  $5,000  for  the  imi)rovement  and  inclosure  of  the  grounds. 

The  directors  call  attention  to  the  ftict  that  Congress,  in  providing  for 
the  current  cxj^enses  of  this  year,  enacted  a  proviso  that  no  more  than 
$22,000  out  of  the  sum  ai)propriated,  viz,  $55,000,  shall  be  expended  for 
salaries  and  wages. 

This  restriction,  the  directors  urge,  would,  if  insisted  on,  cause  very 
serious  injury  to  the  institution,  as  it  contemplates  a  reduction  of  about 
$7,000  in  the  amount  now  authorized  by  the  board  for  salaries  and  wages. 

In  A^iew  of  the  wide  range  of  study  covered  in  the  institution,  extend- 
ing over  a  period  of  thirteen  years,  the  number  of  instructors  employed 
is  not  unreasonable  -,  and  a  comparison  with  rates  of  compensation  paid 
in  similar  institutions  of  learning  iii  the  other  educational  establish- 
ments supported  by  the  government,  and  in  the  scientific  branches  of 
the  public  service,  shows  plainly  that  the  officers  of  the  Columbia  In- 
stitution are  not  overpaid. 

In  view  of  all  which,  the  attention  of  Congress  is  respectfully  called 
to  this  matter,  with  the  belief  that  an  examination  into  the  facts  of  the 
case  will  lead  to  a  repeal  of  the  restrictive  i)roviso. 

HOT  SPRINGS  RESEEYATION. 

The  superintendent  of  this  reservation  in  his  report  urges  the  neces- 
sity for  an  appropriation  sufficient  to  cover  the  whole  cost  of  the  im- 
provements contemplated  iu  the  city  of  Hot  Springs  hy  walling  and 
covering  the  creek,  which  nowi-uns  in  its  natural  bed  through  the  main 
street.  This  work  should  be  pushed  to  completion  at  the  earliest  pos- 
sible day.  The  funds  now  at  the  disposal  of  the  department  for  that 
purpose  are  insufficient. 

The  sale  of  lots  recently  made  yielded  larger  returns  than  were  looked 
for,  the  price  paid  being  considerably  hw^ger  than  those  set  by  the  ap- 
j)raisers.  The  value  of  lots  is  steadily  increasing,  owing  to  the  steady 
growth  of  the  city  and  the  increasing  fame  of  the  springs. 

YELLOWSTOIs^E  KATI02TAL  PAEK. 

The  construction  of  the  Northern  Pacific  and  the  Utah  and  Northern 
Eailroads  to  points  near  the  Yellowstone  National  Park  has  rendered 
it  a  popular  resort  for  recreation  and  health. 

AThether  it  would  better  subserve  the  object  for  which  the  park  was 
by  law  set  aside  to  grant  to  a  number  of  persons  with  limited  means 
leases  of  small  parcels  of  laud  upon  which  to  erect  hotels  for  the 


REPOET  or  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     599 

accommodation  of  visitors,  or  to  graut  an  exclusive  privilege  of  building 
liotels  to  an  association  of  persons  Laving  control  of  suflicieut  capital  to 
enable  them  to  provide  lirst-class  accommodations,  was  a  question  which 
was  presented  to  the  department  i\)r  determination.  The  conclusion 
was  reached  thattlie  public  interest  would  be  better  subserved  by  grant- 
ing exclusive  privileges  to  a  firm  having  the  control  of  ample  capital  to 
provide  the  necessary  accommodations. 

Accordingly,  on  the  1st  of  September  last  a  contract  was  made  by  this 
department  with  IMr.  Carroll  T.  Ilobart,  of  Fargo,  Dak.,  and  Mr.  Henry 
r.  Douglass,  of  Fort  Yat^s,  Dak.,  granting  to  them  the  use  of  tracts  of 
land,  ujjon  which  they  agree  to  build  hotels  of  such  design  and  dimen- 
sions, and  at  sucli  points  as  may  be  ai)proved  by  the  department,  to  run 
such  lines  of  stages  Avithin  the  park  as  the  travel  may  render  necessary, 
and  to  construct  lines  of  telegraph  from  the  principal  points  in  the  park 
to  connect  with  the  through  lines  constructed  near  it.  It  is  provided  in 
the  contract  that  no  greater  charges  shall  be  made  for  accommodations 
furnished  and  services  rendered  than  those  set  forth  in  a  schedule  to  be 
ai)proved  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior. 

Messrs.  Hobart  and  Douglass  are  certified  to  this  department  as  per- 
sons in  all  respects  able  to  fulfill  their  contract.  It  is  hoped  that  by  the 
opening  of  the  season  of  travel  next  year  visitors  will  find  comfortable 
accommodations  provided  for  them.  It  is  believed  that  the  appropria- 
tions for  the  improvement  of  the  park  heretofore  made  have  been  judi- 
ciously expended  in  the  construction  of  roads,  bridges,  and  other  im- 
provements. 

1  have  the  honor  to  be,  very  rospectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

li.  M.  TELLER, 

/Secretary. 

The  President* 


PAPERS 

ACCOMPAXYINO 

REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 


KEPOET  OF  THE  COMMISSIONER  OF  THE  GEIS^EEAL  LAND 

OFFICE. 

Department  of  the  Interior, 

General  Land  Office, 
WasJiington,  D.  C,  October  11,  1882. 
Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  herewith  the  annual  report  of  the 
General  Land  Office  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1882. 

The  disposals  of  public  lands  under  all  acts  of  Congress  epibraced 
13,998,780.27  acres,  and  of  Indian  lands  310,386.13  acres,  making  the 
tbtal  disjiosals  14,309,166.50  acres,  an  increase  over  disposals  during 
the  year  1881  of  3,415,769.35  acres. 

The  amount  of  money  received  from  all  sources  in  connection  with 
disposals  of  the  public  lands  was  $7,758,351.02,  and  from  sales  of  Indian 
lands  $634,617.22,  a  total  of  $8,392,968.24,  being  an  increase  over  the 
previous  year  of  $2,984,164.08. 
The  following  is  a  statement  in  detail  of  disposals  and  receipts : 

Cash  sales:     *  Acres. 

Private  entries 1,924,496. 15 

Public  sales 7,933.13 

Timber  and  stone  lands - 95,237.02 

Pre-emption  entries 1,351,380.85 

Desert  lands 164,955.94 

*Final  desert  lands (39,323.11) 

Mineral  lands 36,768.  63 

Coal  lands 8,634.33 

Excess  payments  on  homestead  and  other  entries 19, 316. 77 

Abandoned  military  reservations 2, 808. 12 

•Commuted  homesteads (376, 656. 10) 

*Act  June  15,  1880 (700,727.80) 

Total  cash  sales 3,611,530.94 

Homestead  entries  (original) 6,348,045.05 

*Knal  homesteads (2,219,427.10) 

Timber  culture  entries  (original) 2,566,  686.  09 

♦Timber  culture,  final (23,371.12) 

Locations  with  military  bounty  laud  warrants 43, 865. 69 

Agricultural  college  scrip  locations 1.  040.  (.K) 

Private  land  scrip  locations 10,577.12 

Valentine  scrip  locations 853.  47 

Sioux  half  breed  scrip  locations 840.00 

Chippewa  half  breed  scrip  locations 240. 00 

Locations  with  Porterfield  scrip 390.79 

Lands  selected  under  raih'oad  grants 472, 263. 88 

*The  areas  of  homestead  entries  commuted  with  cash,  and  of  lands  originally 
entered  under  the  homestead  laws  but  subsequently  purchased  under  the  act  of  June 
15,  1880,  and  the  areas  of  final  homesteads,  final'  timber  culture  entries,  and  final 
desert  land  entries,  are  not  embraced  in  the  foregoing  total,  such  areas  having  been 
previously  reported  with  original  entries  of  the  respective  classes. 

600 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECREJiRY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     GOl 

Cash  sales :  Acrea. 

State,  school,  aud  internal  iuipi-ovement  selections '276, 11 1. 74 

Donation  claims 1h,  30:i.  14 

Swamp  land  selections (i48, 0:V>.  .><■. 

Total i:},  998, 780. 27 

Sales  of  Indian  lands :  Acres. 

Cherokee  strip  .  , 'J9,508.02 

Cherokee  school 298.65 

Kansastrust 210.72 

Kansas  trust  and  diminished  reserve 11,760.  30 

Osage  trust  and  diminished  reserve el,  817.  H» 

Osage  ceded • , ;{,2r)0.6-J 

Otoe  andMissouria 7,  343.  .57 

Choctaw  orphan l<)0.96 

Pawnee 112,<JeK.«0 

Sac  and  Fox 80.00 

Sioux 62,763.32 

Shawnee  ahsentee 200. 00 

310,386.13 

Which  added  to  the  disposals  of  public  lands  make  a  grand  total  of 14, 309, 16C.  40 


Cash  receipts : 

From  sales  of  pnblic  lands $G,  628,775  92 

From  sales  of  Indian  lands 634,617  22 

From  homestead  fees  and  commissions 697,968  59 

From  timber  culture  fees  and  ronunis-sions 232,534  00 

From  fees  on  military  bounty  laud  warrant  locations 1, 166  00 

From  fees  on  locations  with  dilicrent  classes  of  scrip 116  00 

From  fees  on  pre-emption  and  other  liliugs 128,123  00 

From  fees  for  reducing  testimony  to  writing 56,897  0(1 

From  fees  on  railroad  selections 4, 695  50 

From  fees  on  State  selections 2,436  00 

Frem  fees  on  donation  claims 595  00 

From  fees  for  issuing  patent  certificates 300 

From  fees  for  transcripts  from  records  fui-nished  bv  the  General 

Land  Office .' 6,588  75 

Total *8, 394, 516  04 

CORRESPONDENCE. 

During  the  yenr  tliere  were  received  J)1,5G2  letters,  aiul  71,83G  were 
written  and  recorded,  coverinjr  00,031  pages  of  letter  record,  an  increase 
in  the  correspondence  of  the  office  over  the  previous  year  of  ten  per 
cent. 

ACCOUNTS. 

The  number  of  accounts  adju.sted  and  iiudit<'d  during  the  year  and 
reported  to  tlu'  First  (Joniptroller  of  th*^  Treasury  for  .settlement  was 
3,li41,  end)racing  accounts  of  surveyors  gen«'ral,  dei)uty  surveyors,  reg- 
isters and  receivers,  si)ecial  agents,  cK:c.,  and  covering  the  amount  of 
$9,113,855.70,  being  an  increase  of  about  10  per  cent,  over  the  i)reced- 
ing  year. 

ENTRIES   AND    RECORDS. 

The  tract  books  of  this  office,  which  contain  a  record  of  all  ]iid)lic  land 
entries  aud  selections  under  the  vaiious  acts  and  grants  l)y  Congress, 
comprise  three  thousand  four  hundred  and  eighty-seven  volumes  of  live 
hundred  pages  each,  or  a  total  of  one  million  .seven  hundred  and  forty- 


602  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

three  thousand  live  hundred  pages  of  entry  records.  These  records  are 
in  constant  use,  and  their  volume  is  annually  increased. 

The  total  number  of  entries  posted  in  the  tract  books,  including  cash, 
homestead,  timber  culture,  pre-emption,  desert  and  timber  land  entries, 
and  other  individual  entries  and  filings,  make  an  aggregate  of  190,137 
the  past  year,  against  157,985  the  year  previous,  an  increase  of  38,152, 
in  entries  of  all  classes. 

The  number  of  agricultural  entries  approved  for  jiatenting  was  37,008, 
against  28,420  the  preceding  year,  an  increase  of  9,188, 

The  number  of  suspended  entries  adjudicated  by  the  board  of  equita- 
ble adjudication  was  1,050.  The  number  adjudicated  the  previous  year 
was  007. 

The  increase  in  the  work  performed  in  the  division  of  ])ublic  lands 
during  the  year  was  about  25  per  cent.  The  current  work  of  this  di- 
vision is  estimated  to  be  now  about  one  year  in  arrears. 

CASH  SALES. 

The  number  of  private  cash  entries  was  10,090,  embracing  1,924,496.15 
acres,  an  increase  over  the  previous  year  of  1,258,207.04  acres. 
1,351,380.83  acres  were  also  sold  under  the  pre-emption  law,  an  increase 
of  630,234.57  acres;  and  7,498  homestead  entries  were  commuted  with 
cash,  embracing  an  area  of  1,077,383.90  acres.  The  total  cash  sales,  in- 
cluding lauds  sold  at  public  and  private  sale,  pre-emptions,  commuted 
homesteads,  mineral  lands,  timber  and  stone  lands,  &c.,  amount  to 
4,728,237.95  acres.  The  amount  of  money  received  from  cash  sales  was 
$6,628,775.92,  an  average  of  a  fraction  over  $1.40  per  acre. 

HOMESTEADS. 

The  number  of  original  homestead  entries  was  45,331,  embracing  an 
area  of  6,348,045.05  acres,  being  an  increase  of  1,319,944.36  acres.  Final 
proof  was  made  on  17,174  entries,  embracing  an  area  of  2,219,427.10 
acres. 

TIMBER  CULTURE  ENTRIES. 

Seventeen  thousand  one  hundred  and  fifty-seven  original  entries  were 
made  under  the  timber  culture  laws,  embracing  an  area  of  2,566,080.09 
acres,  an  increase  of  802,880.74  acres.  Final  proof  was  made  on  105 
entries,  covering  23,371.12  acres. 

FILINGS. 

The  number  of  filings,  principally  of  pre-emption  claims  initiated 
during  the  year,  and  not  yet  consummated  into  entry,  was  42,777,  cov- 
ering an  estimated  area  of  5,000,000  acres. 

PUBLIC  SALES. 

The  public  sales  amounted  to  7,933.13  acres,  embracing  5,016  acres 
near  Toledo,  Ohio,  which  were  sold  for  the  sum  of  $16,735.22,  an  aver- 
age of  $3.38  per  acre. 

Three  million  acres  of  timber  lands  in  ]\Iinuesota  have  been  pro- 
claimed for  sale,  and  will  be  oth-red  in  the  Duluth  and  Saint  Cloud  land 
districts,  the  sales  commencing  in  the  former  district  December  4, 1882, 
and  in  the  latter  district  Januar}- 15, 1883. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     603 
DESERT  LANDS. 

Five  hundred  and  sixty-eiglit  entries  were  made  under  the  desert 
land  act,  embracing  i04/Jo5.'J-i  acres,  an  increase  over  the  previous 
year  of  50,395.92  acres. 

SOLDIERS'  ADDITIONAL  HOilESTEADS. 

Ihe  number  of  claims  of  soldiers  and  sailors  for  additional  home- 
stead rights  unadjudicated  was — 

July  1,  1881 149 

Number  received  during  the  year 832 

Total 9dl 

Number  of  cases  finally  disposed  of 509 

Number  of  cases  pending 412 

being  an  increase  in  accumulated  wouk  of  2G3  cases  during  the  year. 

TIMBER  AND   STONE  LANDS. 

The  total  number  of  entries  made  duriug  the  year  uude^  the  timber 
and  stone  land  act  of  June  3,  1878,  was  728,  embracing  95,237.02  acres, 
being  an  increase  over  the  previous  year  of  305  entries  and  52,249.10 
acres,  or  over  100  per  cent. 

WITHDRAWALS  FOR  RESERVOIR  PURPOSES. 

The  area  of  lands  in  the  States  of  Minnesota  and  Wisconsin  with- 
drawn from  disi)osal  and  held  for  reservoir  purposes  under  the  acts  of 
Congress  providing  therefor,  approximates  108,000  acres. 

ARTESIAN  WELLS. 

Tliree  sites  for  artesian  wells  have  been  reserved  in  the  State  of  Col- 
orado, amounting  in  area  to  about  1,700  acres. 

HOT  SPRINGS  RESERVATION  IN  ARKANSAS. 

Seven  hundied  and  ninety-nine  awarded  lots  in  the  above  reservation 
have  been  disposed  of  during  the  past  year  in  accordance  with  provis- 
ions of  law.    The  whole  sum  realized  from  these  disposals  was  $44,201.85. 

INDIAN  LANDS  AND  MILITARY  RESERVATIONS. 

The  procetilings  of  the  Land  Department  duriug  the  past  year  in 
respect  to  lands  embraced  in  sundry  Indian  and  military  reservations 
will  be  found  detailed  in  the  papers  accomi)anyiugthis  report. 

AGRICULTURAL    PATENTS. 

The  number  of  agricultural  patents  issued  during  the  year,  embracing 
patents  issued  on  cash,  homestead,  warrant,  and  scrip  entries  ami  loca- 
tions, was  48,097,  an  increase  over  tl  .e  number  issued  during  tlie  jire- 
vious  year  of  17,050. 


604  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

TRANSCRIPTS  FROM  RECORDS. 

Number  of  copies  furnished  from  i)atent  records,  3,262.  Incrftase,  639. 
Money  received  as  fees  for  certified  copies  of  records  and  papers,  and 
covered  into  the  Treasury,  $6,588.75. 

MILITARY  BOUNTY  LAND  WARRANTS. 

The  number  of  acres  of  military  bounty  land  warrants  located  under 
the  acts  of  1847  to  1855,  inclusive,  was  42,800,  a  decrease  from  the  pre- 
vious year  of  20,920  acres. 

The  number  of  military  bounty  land  warrants  issued  under  the  acts 
of  1847, 1850, 1852,  and  1855,  from  the  commencement  of  operations  under 
said  acts  to  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year,  was  551,886,  embracing  61,058,110 
acres. 

The  number  of  warrants  outstanding  and  not  located  on  June  30, 
1882,  was  21,568,  embracing  2,454,340  acres. 

PRE-ESrPTION?.  , 

Number  of  preemption  cases  acted  upon  during  the  year: 

Contested  cases  decided 677 

Ex  parte  cases  approved 7,142 

Total 7,809 

An  increase  over  the  previous  year  of  1,698  cases. 

Total  number  of  cases  on  which  final  or  partial  action  has  been  taken 
during  the  year,  9,375,  an  increase  over  the  previous  year  of  3,145 
cases. 

Number  of  cases  remaining  undecided  June  30, 1882 : 

Contested  cases 741 

Ex  parte  cases 10,512 

Suspended  cases 1,296 

Total r2,r>49 

Number  of  cases  undecided  June  30,  1881 10, 172 

Increase 2  377 

The  amount  of  work  performed  during  the  year  in  the  division  hav- 
ing charge  of  this  branch  of  the  business  of  this  office  exceeds  by  about 
one-third  the  amount  jierformed  the  year  j^revious. 

In  the  meantime  the  amount  of  work  in  arrears  has  increased,  by  the 
presentation  of  new  cases,  in  the  same  ratio. 

"With  the  exception  of  contested  cases  and  town  site  entries,  which 
are  up  to  date,  the  general  work  of  the  division  is  about  two  years  in 
arrears  ;  that  is  to  say,  the  present  force  of  the  division  could  get  the 
accumulated  work  up  to  datei  in  about  two  years,  if  no  new  work  inter- 
vened. But  as  the  total  number  of  pre-emption  cases  received  during 
the  year,  was  11,554,  and  the  total  number  disposed  of  during  the  same 
period  was  8,079,  an  addition  of  3,475  cases  has  been  made  to  the  total 
work  in  arrears,  notwithstanding  the  increase  of  33  per  cent,  in  the 
amount  of  work  performed  during  the  year. 

STATE  SELECTIONS. 

The  adjustment  of  State  selections  under  the  school  and  general  im- 
provement grants  of  Congress,  which  work  is  performed  in  this  division, 
shows  a  like  ratio  of  increase  and  arrears. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     605 
REPEAL  OF  THE  PRE-E:mPTION  ACTS. 

Previous  to  the  passage  of  the  homestead  laws  the  pre-emption  system 
afiorded  the  only  means  by  which  settlers  could  acquire  title  to  unof- 
fered  lands.  The  wise  policy  of  Cou;]:ress,  maintained  for  many  years, 
has  been  to  withhold  tlie  public  lands  from  disposal  at  ordiuarj'  casli 
sale,  with  a  view  to  their  occupation  by  actual  settlers,  and  to  prevent 
the  appropriation  of  large  bodies  by  individuals  for  speculative  pur- 
poses. The  pre-emption  system  was  desired  to  enable  actual  settlers 
to  establish  their  homes  on  the  public  domain,  and  thus  to  improve  and 
build  up  the  country. 

With  the  passage  of  the  homestead  act,  however,  the  pre-emption  law 
became  of  less  importance,  and  recent  supplemental  legislation  having 
placed  homestead  parties  on  an  equal  footing  in  all  respects  with  pre- 
emptors,  the  special  utility  of  the  preemption  law  for  purposes  of  bona 
fide  settlement  on  the  jiublic  lands  has  wholly  ceased. 

Any  person  who  could  make  a  pre-emption  entry  can  make  a  home- 
stead entry.  Any  land  that  can  be  entered  under  the  pre-emption 
laws  can  also  be  entered  under  the  homestead  laws.  Under  the  home- 
stead laws,  also,  the  homestead  party  may  purchase  the  land  entered  bj' 
him  within  the  same  time,  upon  the  same  terms,  and  by  the  same  proofs 
as  in  pre-emption  cases.  There  is,  therefore,  no  practical  necessity  for 
continuing  the  double  system  in  operation.  A  repeal  of  the  pre-emption 
law  would  sinqtlify  the  public  business  and  be  in  the  interest  of  public 
economy  and  good  adminstration.  Such  repeal  would,  moreover,  remove 
one  of  tlie  causes  of  frauds  in  land  entries  which  have  approached  great 
magnitude.  The  correspondence  of  this  oflice,  and  reports  Irom  oflicers 
and  special  agents,  indicate  that  a  material  proportion  of  the  })re-emp- 
tiou  entries  now  niadt'  arc  fraudulent  in  character,  being  chietly  i)laced 
upon  valuable  timber  or  inineial  lands,  or  water  rights,  and  made  in  the 
interest  and  by  the  procureojent  of  others,  and  not  for  the  purpose  of 
residence  and  improvement  by  the  professed  pre-emptor. 

CERTIFICATES  OF  DEPOSiT  ON  ACCOUNT  OF  SURVEYS. 

The  amount  covered  by  certificates  of  deposit  on  account  of  surveys, 
examined  and  accepted  in  payment  for  public  lands  during  the  vear,  was 
$J,77U,182.51. 

The  amount  of  money  dei)osited  during  the  year  under  the  individual 
deposit  system  was  $2,013,270.77. 

MINERAL  LANDS. 

During  the  year  there  were  sold  .'10,708.(13  a<;ivs  of  mineral  land,  an 
excess  o\'er  the  previous  ye;ir  of  0.."»7.S.!).~»  acres;  S,(;.'U..>3  acres  of  eoa! 
land  were  also  sold  during  the  liseal  year. 

Number  of  Miinei-al  entries,  1,.S1S.  Increase,  557.  Xuml)er  of  mineral 
ap])lieations,  2,.")  is.  Ad vcise  claims  liled,(!7(>.  Number  of  mineral  p.tt- 
ents  issued,  1,2!KS.     Coal  patents  issued,  24. 

The  numl)er  oi*  mineral  entries  and  (;o':t^sits  remaining  undisposed  of 
was  2,224.  The  inciease  in  the  work  performed  in  the  division  of  mineral 
cliims  during  the  year  was  about  25  per  cent,  over  tln^  year  previous. 
This  work  is  now  about  on«'  year  in  arrears,  and  the  voMune  of  new  busi- 
ness is  constantly  increasing. 


606  PAPERS  ACCOMPANYING  THE  . 

SURVEYS. 

Tlio  number  of  sur\»e.ying  contracts  made  by  surveyors  general  during 
the  year,  and  approved  by  this  oilice,  was  410. 

Two  tliousaud  two  hundred  and  ninety-eight  townslii})  plats  and 
accompanying  field  notes  of  surveys  of  i)ublic  lands  and  private  land 
claims,  returned  to  this  office  by  the  surveyors  general,  were  examined 
in  detail  during  the  same  period.  These  examinations  euibraced  a  total 
area  of  40,803,103  acres. 

The  total  area  of  public  lands  surveyed  in  the  several  land  States  and 
Territories,  from  the  comraeucement  of  surveying  operations  by  the  gov- 
ernment up  to  June  30,  1882,  is  831,725,863  acres.  The  estimated  area 
of  the  unsurveyed  portion  of  the  public  domain,  inclusive  of  the  Terri- 
tory of  Alaska,  is  983,003, 750  acres. 

SWAMP  LANDS. 

The  amount  of  land  claimed  and  reported  to  this  office  as  swamp  and 
overflowed  land  during  the  year,  was  048,032.30  acres,  against  152,214.99 
acres  claimed  and  reported  during  the  year  ending  June  30, 1881,  being 
an  increase  of  405,817.37  acres. 

Patents  have  issued  for  092,055.34  acres. 

Claims  for  indemnity  have  been  adjusted  upon  reports  and  testimony 
submitted  for  244,107.85  acres,  against  05,700  acres  the  previous  year, 
an  increase  of  178,407.85  acres,  or  more  than  170  per  cent. 

The  total  area  of  swamp  lands  approved  or  patented  to  the  several 
States  under  the  acts  of  Congress  relative  thereto,  amounted,  on  June 
30,  1882,  to  55,769,172.03  acres. 

The  unadjusted  claims  now  pending  amount  to  14,000,000  acres,  and 
there  is  no  diminution  in  the  number  of  claims  annually  filed. 

The  progress  of  settlement  in  the  public  land  States,  and  the  rapid 
absorption  of  the  public  lands  of  the  United  States,  have  led  to  increased 
attention  by  investors  and  settlers  to  lands  claimed  under  the  swamp 
land  grant,  resulting  in  a  pressing  demand  upon  this  office  for  the  more 
rapid  adjustment  of  these  claims. 

The  work  of  the  division  charged  with  this  service  is  several  years  in 
arrears. 

PRIVATE  LAND  CLABIS. 

The  number  of  private  land  claims  finally  settled  during  the  year, 
was  307,  which  number  includes  155  donation  claims  in  Oregon  and 
Washington  Territory.  Five  claims  in  jSlew  Mexico  and  Arizona  were 
transmitted  to  Congress  for  confirmation;  038  entries  with  Supreme 
Court  scrip  were  approved  for  i^atent. 

Preliminary  examinations  have  been  made  in  a  large  number  of  cases, 
which  are  still  the  subjects  of  correspondence,  or  are  awaiting  the  cor- 
rection of  imperfections  or  further  proof. 

The  number  of  cases  in  immediate  progress  of  adjudication  is  806. 

Patent  certificates  or  special  plats  of  survey  are  on  file  in  a  large 
number  of  claims  in  which  no  examination  has  been  made  in  late  years. 
These  cases  are  in  order  of  action  when  called  up  by  parties  in  interest. 

Many  thousand  other  claims  exist  which  have  been  confirmed  from 
time  to  time  by  various  boards  of  commissioners,  and  by  Congress  upon 
reports  of  boards  of  commissioners,  also  by  the  Federal  courts  under 
authority  conferred  by  Congress,  but  in  which,  in  numerous  instances, 
the  papers  on  file  here  are  not  sufficiently  complete  to  afford  a  proper 
basis  for  final  action. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     607 
PRIVATE  LAND  CLAIMS  IN  NEW  MEXICO,  COLORADO,  AND  ARIZONA. 

There  have  been  91  private  land  claims  reporto<I  by  the  surveyors 
general  of  New  Mexico,  Colorado,  and  Arizona,  and  transmitted  to  Con- 
gress through  this  office  and  department,  which  are  now  awaiting  legis- 
lative action. 

The  act  of  July  22,  1854,  relative  to  private  claims  in  Xew  ^Mexico, 
the  provisions  of  which  were  extended  to  Colorado  by  act  of  February 
28,  18G1,  and  to  Arizona  by  the  act  of  July  15,  1870,  devolves  upon  the 
surveyors  general  of  those  districts  the  jurisdiction  to  determine  the 
validity  or  invalidity  of  claims  presented  to  them  for  a<lJudication,  which 
claims  are  afterwards  reported  to  Congress  for  its  action. 

The  vast  power  thus  conferred  upon  subordinate  officers  of  this  de- 
partment has  been  the  subject  of  judicial  notice  in  cases  coming  before 
the  courts. 

Upon  assuming  the  duties  of  this  office  I  found  the  practice  had  been 
to  transmit  to  Congress,  without  examiuation  or  remark,  the  rei)orts  of 
surveyors  general  with  copies  of  the  title  i)apers  and  i>roofs  upon  which 
the  claims  were  approved.  While  it  has  been  held  tliat  this  office  has 
no  authority  to  review  the  proceedings  of  the  surveyors  general,  or  even 
to  call  for  or  to  examine  the  original  muniments  of  title,  I  have  never- 
theless deemed  it  my  duty,  with  the  concurrence  of  the  department,  to 
consider  their  reports,  and  in  event  of  any  obvious  error  to  call  the  at- 
tention of  Congress  thereto. 

In  my  last  annual  report  I  referred  to  the  pressing  necessity  for  some 
legislation  that  will  facilitate  the  early  adjudication  of  these  claims,  and 
I  would  again  call  attention  to  this  subject. 

< 

RAILROAD  LAND  GRANTS. 

One  hundred  and  seventy-six  thousand  four  hundred  and  six  and 
sixty-six  one-hundredths  acres  of  land  were  certified  for  railroad  pur- 
poses during  the  last  fiscal  year.  The  lists  of  selections  awaiting  ex- 
amination or  action  on  June  30,  1SS2,  embraced  1,058,092.70  acres. 

Six  hundred  and  eight  and  ninety-six  one-hundredths  miles  of  road 
were  reported  as  constructed  under  the  land  grant  system  during  the 
year,  making  a  total  of  16,230.10  miles  of  land  grant  railroad  con- 
structed in  all  the  States  and  Territories  up  to  the  close  of  the  fiscal 
year. 

The  total  number  of  settlement  claims  within  railroad  limits  awaiting 
original  or  final  action  at  the  close  of  the  year  was  5,504,  an  increase 
over  the  preceding  year  of  G73  cases.  Of  the  total  inimber  of  peiuling 
cases  1,617  had  received  partial  action,  and  3.047  had  not  been  reached 
for  examination. 

The  work  of  the  division  charged  with  the  adjustment  of  grants  for 
railroads,  wagon  roads,  and  canals,  and  with  the  adjudication  of  claims 
of  settlers  and  others  within  the  limits  of  such  grants,  is  several  years 
in  arrears. 

FORFEITURE  OF  RAILROAD  GRANTS. 

The  status  of  various  grants  for  railroad  purposes  where  the  roads 
have  not  been  constructed  within  the  time  prescribed  by  law,  was 
reported  to  Congress  on  jMarch  28  last.  The  absence  of  legislative 
action  touching  the  renewal  of  these  grants  or  declaring  the  forfeiture 
thereof  seriously  embarrasses  the  work  of  this  oflice.    It  is  not  deemed 


608  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 

expodient  to  certify  additional  lands  to  the  railroad  companies,  nor  to 
award  to  the  (companies  lands  in  dispute  between  them  and  settlers  or 
other  claimants,  juniding  the  determination  of  Congress  in  the  premises. 
Large  numbeis  of  settlers  are  occui)yin<?  such  lands,  and  it  is  important 
to  them  to  know  Avhether  they  can  rewnvc  their  titles  from  the  United 
States,  or  whctlier  they  will  be  required  to  purchase  fi'om  the  railroad 
comi)anies.  I'lu;  j)re\  ailing  uncertainty  necessarily  retards  improve- 
ments and  impairs  values. 

New  applications  are  also  constantly  being  made  to  enter  the  with- 
drawn lands  under  tJie  public  land  laws. 

I  deem  it  of  pressing  importance  to  the  public  interests  that  Congress 
should  take  early  action  in  respect  to  these  grants. 

TIMBER  DEPREDATIONS. 

One  hundi'ed  and  fifty-two  civil  suits  and  137  criminal  actions  were 
commenced  during  the  year,  for  trespass  on  the  public  timber  lands. 
Propositions  of  settlement  were  received  and  act«d  upon  in  110  cases. 
The  number  of  additional  cases  now  under  investigation  is  418. 

The  estimated  value  of  the  timber  involved  in  the  civil  suits  is 
$100,583.86;  in  the  cases  in  which  propositions  for  compromise  have 
been  madie,  $51,608.84;  in  the  pending  cases,  $298,876.78;  total, 
$511,009.48. 

Proceedings  for  the  protection  of  the  public  timber  are  now  had  under 
several  different  statutes,  some  of  a  general  and  others  of  a  more  local 
character.  Much  embarrassment  grows  out  of  this  diverse  legislation, 
portions  of  which  are  also  conflicting. 

It  is  my  opinion  that  a  general  law  should  be  enacted  clearly  defining 
the  rights  of  citizens  to  take  timber  from  the  public  lands  for  prescribed 
purposes,  and  providing  penalties  for  unlawful  cutting,  removal,  destruc- 
tion, or  waste. 

In  all  cases  where  a  survey  and  scalement  is  necessary  to  accurately 
ascertain  the  extent  of  an  alleged  trespass,  I  would  respectfully  recom- 
mend that  the  expense  thereof  should  be  authorized  to  be  charged  to 
the  party  committing  the  trespass  as  a  part  of  the  costs  in  the  case. 

SPECIAL  AGENTS. 

Timber  agents  and  other  special  agents  employed  in  the  service  of  the 
Land  Department  are  allowed,  under  existing  laws  and  regulations,  to 
charge  for  their  actual  personal  expenses  an  amount  not  exceeding  $4 
per  day.  This  plan  involves  a  great  amount  of  labor  in  the  adjustment 
of  the  details  of  special  agents'  accounts  (vouchers  for  each  item  of  ex- 
pense in  excess  of  $1  being  required),  and  results  in  no  economy  to  the 
government.  I  am  of  the  opinion  that  a  fixed  allowance,  say  83,50  per 
day,  for  personal  ex)>enses,  instead  of  not  exceeding  $4  as  at  present, 
would  be  cheaper  for  the  government  and  more  satisfactory  to  the  agent, 
while  the  time  and  labor  expended  in  auditing  their  accounts  Avuuld  be 
materially  lessened. 

FRAUDULENT   LAND  ENTRIES. 

Investigations  made  during  the  past  year  have  developed  the  exist- 
ence of  uuich  fraud  under  the  shield  of  the  preem])tion,  homestead,  and 
timber  culture  laws. 

These  investigations  have  been  based  upon  complaints  made  to  this 


REFOET   OF    THE    .SECRKTAKY    OF    THE    INTEEIOK.  fjOb 

oflQce  that  great  quantities  of  valnal)le  coal  and  iron  lands,  forests  ot 
timber,  and  the  available  atjrieiiltural  lands  in  whole  lej^ious  of  grazing' 
country  have  been  monopolized  by  persons  who  have  caused  frauduleni 
'*'pre-emptiou  and  commuted  homeatead  entries  to  be  made  by  thciragents 
and  einploy<^s. 

A  proper  investijiation  of  the  numerous  complaints  that  are  constantly 
lieing  reeeived  would  n-fiuire  ihe  employment  of  a  large  force  of  si>ecial 
agents,  and  involve  an  exi>eiise  far  beyond  the  customary  appropriations 
by  Congress  available  for  that  purpose. 

Efforts  have  been  made  to  check  unlawful  acts  of  this  character  in 
the  coal  and  iron  regions  of  AIal)aiTui,  the  timber  regions  of  Minnesota, 
the  grazing  country  in  California,  and  on  agricultural  lands  in  the  Ter- 
ritory of  Dakota,  by  the  special  investigation  of  cases  of  alleged  fraud, 
trials  before  local  land  ollieers  to  cancel  illegal  entries,  and  the  institu- 
tion of  civil  and  criminal  suits.  These  ])roceedings  have,  however,  nec- 
essarily been  confined  to  one  or  two  localities  in  each  of  said  States  and 
Territories,  owIum;  to  the  limited  faciliti(\s  of  this  othce  for  such  service. 

Proceedings  have  also  been  instituted  in  the  State  of  AKssouri  by  the 
proper  law  officers  of  the  United  States  to  recover  the  title  to  several 
hundred  thousand  acres  of  land  in  that  State  fraiululently  enteretl  many 
years  since  under  the  graduation  act,  which  act  has  been  reiHiiiled. 

I  have  recommended  heiein  the  repeal  of  the  pre-emption  law,  the 
same  having  been  practically  supersetled  by  the  homestead  law  and 
especially  by  the  commutation  feature  of  the  latter  act. 

COMMUTED  HOMESTEADS. 

It  is  a  matter  of  serious  question  whether  the  time  within  which  home- 
stead parties  are  allowed  to  commute  their  entries  by  the  payment  of 
cash  should  not  be  extended  so  as  to  require  proof  of  actual  residence, 
improvement,  and  cultivation  for  at  least  one  year  before  such  payment 
should  be  received.  This  extension  of  time  would  be  no  longer  than 
reasonably  necessary  to  establish  the  good  faith  of  the  parties,  and  would 
be  no  hardship  to  bonajide  settlers,  while  the  oi)portuuitie.s  and  induce- 
ments for  fraudulent  entry  would  diminish  in  proportion  to  the  length 
of  time  for  which  residence,  ijnprovemeut,  and  cultivation  are  require<l 
to  be  shown. 

TIMUEB  CULTUEE  CLAIMS. 

The  period  has  but  jast  commenced  when  the  earlier  entries  made  un- 
der the  timber  culture  act  can  be  proven  up.  The  fraudulent  proceed- 
ings at  the  present  time  under  the  operations  of  this  act  are  not,  there- 
fore, that  legal  title  has  actually  been  obtained  by  unlawful  methods, 
but  th&t  fictitious  entries  are  initiated  for  the  purpose  of  holding  the 
land  out  of  market  and  selling  to  others  relinquishments  of  the  right  of 
occupation  so  acquired. 

It  is  alleged  by  numerous  correspondents,  and  in  the  reports  of  officers 
and  gent^  of  this  department,  that  operations  of  this  character  are 
carritd  on  to  a  very  great  extent,  notably  at  the  present  time  in  Dakot^i, 
Nebraska,  and  [Minnesota,  and  that  as  a  rtile,  in  proportion  as  iwibjic 
surveys  progress  over  t<irrit<.)ry  subject  to  sueh  entry,  the  lands  are  cov- 
ered with  tictiiious  claims,  and  actual  settlers  are  couqieiled  to  i>ay  to 
speculators,  or  i)ersons  holding  th»i  claims,  a  bonus  for  the  priviU'go  of 
entering  the  land  in  a  legal  and  proper  manner  undei'  the  publie  land 
laws. 

39  Ab 


610  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    TIIP: 

The  utility  of  the  timber  culture  law  as  an  inducomeut  to  the  cultira- 
tiou  of  trees  that  would  not  otherwise  be  jdanted  has  souictinies  ])ecn 
questioued,  since  settlers  under  the  homestead  law  in  treeless  legious 
liud  it  one  of  the  necessities  of  the  situation  to  set  out  and  cultivate'' 
trees,  and  their  interest  to  do  this  is  a  usual  guaranty  that  it  wijl  be 
done.  At  the  same  time,  I  am  not  inclined  to  recommend  the  repeal  of 
a  ]ii,\\  of  so  benelicent  an  intention  as  the  timber  culture  act.  But  I  deem 
it  incumbent  upon  me  to  refer  to  the  abuses  to  which  it  is  subject. 

UNLAWFUL  OCCUPATION  OF  THE  PUBLIC  LANDS. 

The  illegal  inclosure  of  the  public  lands  in  certain  States  and  Terri- 
tories, and  the  exclusive  occupation  of  large  tracts  by  private  parties  to 
the  deprivation  of  the  rights  of  others  and  the  impediment  of  settlement 
and  intercourse,  have  become  matters  of  serious  complaint. 

A  usual  method  of  proceeding  is  that  title  is  legitimately  or  otherwise 
obtained  to  the  streams  or  water  rights,  and  then  the  surrounding 
country,  frequently  for  many  miles  in  extent,  is  inclosed  with  fences, 
and  all  citizens  warned  off  and  their  stock  driven  aW|iiy. 

In  other  cases  the  public  lands  are  inclosed  in  this  manner  where  no 
pretext  of  ownership  or  of  legal  chiim  to  any  part  of  the  land  exists. 
The  iisual  routes  of  travel  are  also  cut  off  by  these  inclosures,  and  the 
inhabitants  of  the  country  are  in  many  instances  compelled  to  go  a  great 
way  around  or  to  tear  down  the  fences,  thus  incurring  the  risk  of  dis- 
turbance and  perhaps  bloodshed. 

Letters  received  at  this  ojBBce  from  many  persons  and  reports  made 
by  officers  and  agents  of  this  department,  disclose  the  fact  that  unlaw- 
ful proceedings  of  this  character  are  carried  on  to  a  great  extent,  and 
future  serious  trouble  is  apprehended  between  settlers  and  residents 
and  the  "cow  boys,"  as  employes  of  the  stockmen  are  called. 

It  appears  also  that  in  some  cases  State  laws  have  provided  for  a 
nomiual  tax  upon  "possessory  rights,"  the  effect  of  which  is  represented 
to  be  to  locally  legalize  this  infringement  upon  the  laws  of  the  United 
States;  and  citizens  who  have  attempted  to  make  settlements  and  entries 
within  the  limits  of  these  ranges  in  accordance  with  the  land  laws  of  the 
United  States  have  been  ouste<l  by  judicial  decree. 

It  is  manifest  that  some  decisive  action  on  the  part  of  the  Federal 
Government  is  necessary  for  the  maintenance  of  the  supremacy  of  the 
laws  and  to  preserve  the  integrity  of  the  public  domain. 

It  is  undoubtedly  true  that  the  vast  plains  and  mountain  ranges  west 
of  the  Mississippi  Eiver  must  be  relied  upon  for  an  important  propor- 
tion of  the  sheep  and  cattle  husbandry  required  by  the  necessities  of 
national  consumption,  but  it  does  not  therefore  follow  that  this  industry 
should  be  the  subject  of  individual  or  corporate  monopoly  any  more  than 
that  other  agricultural  pursuits  should  be  so  controlled. 

The  unimpeded  progress  of  settlement  will  in  due  time  bring  the 
whole  of  the  territory  of  the  United  States  within  the  compass  of  i)ri- 
vate  ownership.  Meanwhile  the  unappropriated  imblic  lands  snitable 
for  grazing  herds  of  cattle  should  be  equally  free  to  the  enterprise  of  all 
citizens  unembarrassed  by  attempts  at  exclusive  occupation. 

Existing  laws  (act  March  3,  1807,  2  Stat.,  445)  authorize  the  Presi- 
dent to  direct  the  marshal  of  the  proper  district  to  remove  unlawful 
boundaries  placed  on  the  public  lands,  and  to  remove  i^ersons  unlaw- 
fully in  possession  thereof,  and  further  authorize  the  employment  of 
military  force  wlien  necessary  for  this  purpose.  A  forfeiture  of  any 
and  all  righibs  tp  land  so  occupied  is  also  declared. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     611 

I  liave  hesitateil  to  recoiimiPiMl  tlio  siiiimiary  exereise  of  the  power 
vested  in  the  ExecutiNC  by  this  act,  althoii^^h  it  luay  yet  become  ucces- 
.sary  to  invoke  that  authority. 

It  ifs  my  oi)inion  that  a  statute  is  required  imposing'  penalties  for  the 
unhiwfiil  iuclosure  of  tlie  pul)lic  hinds,  for  and  preventing  by  force  or 
intimichition  legal  settlement  and  entry. 

1  respectfully  recommend  that  the  attention  of  Congress  be  invited 
to  this  subject. 

ESTIMATES. 

The  estimates  sul)mitted  of  appropriations  required  by  thisortioefortho 
Siiirvice  of  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 1884,  (Mubrace  the  following: 

SALARIES   AND  COXTIXGliXT    EXI'EXSKS. 

Coiiiinissioner $5,000 

Assist ;i lit  Coiniuiasiouer 3,000 

Chi.^f  cl.ik '^jm 

Law  clerk.., 'J, 500 

;i  iiispoetors,  at  §'J,500  cacb 7,500 

Rerordci- 'J,  400 

\i  priiiciiial  clerks,  at  #2,400  each 7,^00 

7  chiefs  of  division,  at  §2,400  cacli l(i,i?00 

Receiviii}^  chirk 2,000 

24  clerks  of  class  4 4:5, 200 

40  clerks  of  class  .3 64,000 

r>2  clerks  of  class  2 72, 800 

,''i2  clerks  of  class  1 C2,4()0 

27  clerks,  iit  $1,000  each 27,000 

48  copiists,  at  !?'J00  eat.h 43,200 

Messenyev 840 

8  assistant  messengers,  at  $720  each 5,700 

♦5  puckers,  at  §720  each 4, 320 

12  laborers,  at  §(iG0  each 7 ,  020 

For  additional  force  previously  paid  from  special  funds: 

3  clerks  ofclass  3 4,800 

2  clerks  of  class  2 2,800 

3  clerks  of  cla^s  1 3,  HOO 

ti  copyists,  a1  §000  each 5,400 

Misoellaueoub  and  contingent  expenses 57,  000 

Total $4.')3,'J10 

The  foregoing  estimate  shows  an  increase  over  the  amount  ai>i)ropri- 
ated  for  the  current  liscal  year  of  $33,1)40,  wliich  is  made  ui»as  follows: 

1.  An  increase  of -$1,000  in  tlic  compensation  of  the  Commissioner  is 
submitted  because  the  ])reseut  salary  of  )i*4,000  is  not  commensurate) 
with  the  duties  and  resj)onsibilities  of  the  otlice.  and  because  of  th«< 
unprecedented  increase  in  the  business  of  the  otlice,  and  consequent 
increase  in  the  duties  of  the  ('ommissionei'. 

li.  An  estimate  is  sul»nntted  of  !^.!,000  for  an  assistant  Conimissionor. 
The  n^nier(uis  and  comi)licated  duties  now  devolving  n\)on  the  head  of 
the  bureau  necessitate  sonu3  division  of  executi\"e  labor  and  responsi- 
bility. 

3.  The  salary  of  the  chief  clerk  is  estimated  at  .$'J,.^00,  an  increase  of 
$500,  The  chief  clerk  must  be  fidly  competent  to  take  clmrgo  antl  con- 
trol of  the  bftreau  at  all  times,  and  his  otiier  and  juoper  duties  being 
intricate,  complex,  ami  arduous,  fidly  <leserve  the  salary  estiumted  for. 

4.  The  salary  of  the  law  clerk  is  estimated  at  $2,5(M»,  an  increase  of 
$500.    Tlie  comx)ensation  estimated  is  moderate  considering  the  nature 


612  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 

of  the  M'ork  and  qualifications  required  of  the  law  oflicer  of  a  bureau 
having:  consideration  and  initial  deterininaiion  of  lej^'al  questions  per- 
taining- to  land  titles  and  claims  included  in  the  whole  public  domain  of 
the  United  States. 

5;  The  estimate  of  salaries  for  three  inspectors  of  the  offices  of  sur- 
veyor-general and  of  district  laud  offices  is  increased  to  $2,500  each. 
The  compensation  of  S-,0()0,  provided  by  the  act  of  August  5,  1882,  i*5 
deemed  inadequate  to  the  chiiracter  of  tiie  work  required. 

6.  The  salaries  of  the  recorder,  of  the  three  princi])al  clerks  of  sur- 
veys, public  lands,  and  private  land  claims,  and  of  seven  chiefs  of  divis- 
ion, are  estimated  at  $2,400  each,  an  increase  of  $600.  The  recorder 
is  charged  with  superintending  the  issue  of  all  public  land  patents, 
and  his  ofitice  is  one  of  great  responsibility,  requiriug  a  high  degree  of 
intelligence  and  integrity.  The  three  principal  clerks  and  seven  chiefs 
of  division  have  immediate  charge  and  direction  of  the  varied  and  im- 
portant work  assigned  to  their  respective  divisions.  The  long  service 
of  the  gentlemen  occupying  these  posts  of  trust,  the  magnitude  of  the 
labor  performed  by  them,  the  importauce  of  the  duty  and  the  ability 
demanded  for  its  discharge,  merit  the  the  increased  compensation  asked 
for.  At  present  they  are  paid  as  ordinary  clerks  of  the  fourth  class,  a 
rate  dispro])ortionate  to  the  class  of  services  absolutely  required  in 
these  positions. 

7.  An  increase  of  $200  is  estimated  for  the  compensation  of  the  re 
ceiving  clerk,  who  is  the  financial  otficer. 

The  attention  of  Congress  has  frequently  been  called  to  the  inade- 
quate remuneration  of  the  important  officers  of  this  bureau,  aiJd  the 
amount  of  compensation  now  estimated  for  is  believed  to  be  within  the 
most  moderate  limit,  and  no  greater  than  that  allowed  in  corresponding 
positions  in  other  departments  of  the  government. 

Nimiber  of  employes. 

The  estimates  comprehend  a  reduction  of  eight  clerks  of  class  four, 
caused  by  the  recommendation  that  seven  chiefs  of  division  and  the 
receiving  clerk  be  classed  at  an  increased  rate  of  compensation.  The 
total  number  of  employes  remains  the  same  as  under  the  appropriation 
for  the  current  fiscal  year,  with  the  addition  of  an  assistant  Commis- 
sioner. 

Additional  clerical  force  and  office  room. 

In  a  supplemental  estimate  I  have  asked  for  one  hundred  additional 
clerks,  and  for  sufiicieut  additional  room  for  their  accommodation. 

The  regular  annual  estimate  is  for  a  force  barely  sufficient  to  keep  up 
with  the  current  work  of  the  office,  and  is  insutficient  even  to  meet  the 
additional  work  arising  from  the  growing  increase  in  the  volume  of  dis- 
posals of  public  lands. 

Meanwhile  there  is  a  large  amount  of  work  in  arrears  which  obvious 
considerations  of  public  interest  require  should  receive  immediate  at- 
tention. 

The  trouble  and  loss  resulting  to  citizens  who  are  unable  to  secure 
their  titles  within  reasonable  time  is  frequently  serious,  and  all  accu- 
mulation of  work  in  arrears  impedes  the  current  business  of  the  office 
and  involves  an  additional  expense  in  the  end. 

The  marked  increase  in  the  amount  of  work  performed  in  the  past 
year  over  that  of  the  year  previous  is  lapgel;y  owing  to  the  additional 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     613 

temporary  force  allowed  by  Congress  during  tbe  last  three  months  of 
the  fiscal  year. 

An  equivalent  force  tliat  could  be  continued  for  two  or  three  years 
would,  iu  my  opinion,  enable  the  work  in  arrears  to  be  broujjlit  within 
reasonable  limit,  and  I  earnestly  urge  that  the  additional  appropriation 
asked  for  in  my  supplemental  estimate  be  jirovifled  by  Congress. 

At  the  same  time  an  increased  clerical  force  could  not  l)e  accommo- 
dated in  the  present  buihliiig.  Provision  for  additional  otlice  room  is 
therefore  equally  as  necessary  as  provision  for  additional  clerical  force. 

ClaHsification  of  iwindpal  clerks. 

1  would  call  attention  to  the  unnec(;ssary  distinction  maintaiufMl  in  the 
classification  of  the  ]>rincii)al  clerks  of  this  ollice.  Originally  there 
were  but  three,  viz:  of  public  lands,  of  surveys,  and  of  private  land 
claims.  The  early  statutes  provided  for  the  appointment  by  the  Presi- 
dent, by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  of  tliese  "  three 
principal  clerks"  for  the  iibove  respective  subdivisions  of  the  General 
Land  Oflice.  At  this  ]>eriod  there  was  but  one  method  i)rovided  for  the 
disposal  of  the  public  lands— that  of  cash  sale.  Since  then  additional 
methods  have  been  adopted,  and  the  general  business  of  the  ollice  has 
also  increased  with  the  growth  of  the  country.  There  are  now  ten  divi- 
sions besides  that  of  the  recorder,  each  of  which  is  charged  with  the 
work  of  an  Important  branch  of  the  business  of  the  Land  Department. 

There  is  no  difference  in  the  character  of  the  duties  and  responsi- 
bilities of  the  chiefs  of  these  divisions.  The  services  of  all  are  of  e<|ual 
dignify  and  importance;  the  degree  of  ability  and  experience  recpiired 
is  the  same  iu  each  case,  and  the  compensation  is  uniform. 

There  is  no  reason  why  three  of  these  positions  should  be  filled  by 
Presidential  appointment  that  would  not  e<iually  ap])ly  to  all  of  them. 
I  would  respecifully  recommend  that  the  existing  distinction  be  abro- 
gated, and  that  the  three  prin(;ipal  clerks,  the  recorder,  and  other  chiefs 
of  diAisions  be  ]daced  <m  an  equal  footing  in  this,  as  in  other  respects, 
and  that  the  a]>pointments  of  all  be  made  in  the  same  manner  as  the 
a])pointments  of  similar  oflicers  are  made  in  other  executive  depart- 
ments. 

Respectfully  submitted. 

y.  C.  McFAKLAJN^D, 

Commissioner. 

Hon.  Henry  ^\.  Teller, 

Secretary  of  the  Interior. 


KEPORT  OF  THE  COMMISSIONER  OF  INDIAN  AFFAIRS. 

Department  op  the  Interior, 

Opfice  OF  Indian  Affairs, 

Wasliimfton,  Octoher  10,  1882. 

Sir:  In  compliaiu'c  with  the  law  recjuiring  the  (■ommissioner  of  In- 
dian Affairs  to  make  an  annual  repoit  of  tlie  condition  of  affairs  con- 
nected with  his  bureau,  I  hav«'  the  honor  to  submit,  herewith  my  report 
tor  the  year  1882.  l^vidently  this  law  contemplates  that  the  rei)ort 
thus  recpiired  should  show  not  «udy  oi)eratious  of  the  l>ast  y«'ar  and  the 
jiresent  condition  of  alfairs,  but  al«o  make  such  suggestions  and  rec- 
ommendations, based  upon  the  year's  experience,  as  would  be  beneficial 
to  the  service. 


614  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 

Tlie  operations  and  results  of  the  last  year  in  the  different  ag^encles, 
Avbicli  will  be  more  fully  described  and  exjdained  under  their  apjiro- 
])riate  heads,  will,  I  think,  compare  favorably  with  any  one  of  tlic  pre- 
ceding? years.  Land  has  been  opened  to  cultivation;  honses  for  Indian 
residences  have  been  built;  schools  opened  and  oi)erat(Ml;  and  in  many 
cases,  au'd  in  various  ways,  the  cause  of  civilization  generally  advanciid : 
and  1  might,  with  this  general  statement  of  facts,  proc(!e<l  to  give  a 
separate  chapter  of  each  reservation  and  agency;  and  follow  these  with 
the  tabulated  statements  recpiired  by  section  408  of  the  llevised  Statutes. 
33ut  such  a  report  would  not,  in  my  opinion,  be  discharging  my  whole 
duty,  nor  would  it  be  such  a  report  as  the  fraraers  of  the  law  contem- 
j)lated.  Wheu  the  rules  and  regulations  under  the  law  governing  the 
operations  of  the  ludiau  Department  become  perfect,  and  the  machinery 
less  multiform  and  complicated,  such  a  report  might  answer  the  pur- 
X>ose;  but  until  such  is  the  case,  a  report  should  not  only  state  what 
has  been  done,  but  also  what  changes  would  be  advantageous  to  the 
service. 

DELAY  IN  SETTLEMENT   OF   ACCOUNTS. 

Too  much  machinery  is  often  worse  than  too  little,  and,  in  my  judg- 
ment, there  is  now  too  much  machinery  in  use  in  the  settlement  of  ac- 
counts connected  with  this  bureau.  I  say  this  with  a  full  knowledge 
gained  by  au  experience  of  many  years  of  the  absolute  necessity  of 
proper  checks  and  balances  iu  the  manner  of  keeping  and  settling  ac- 
counts. But  after  an  individual  has  complied  with  his  contract  and 
produces  his  vouchers  certified  and  signed  by  the  leg.ally  appointed  offi- 
cers, showing  that  he  has  performed  his  undertaking  iu  letter  and  spirit, 
he  is  in  all  fairness  entitled  to  the  prompt  payment  of  the  compensation 
stipulated.  But  such,  I  am  compelled  by  personal  knowledge  to  say,  is 
not  the  case  as  the  law  now  stands.  After  all  has  been  done  as  above 
indicated,  honest  claimants  have  in  ver^'  many  instances  been  comi)elled 
to  chase  their  accounts  through  twelve  or  fifteen  departments  of  the 
government,  consuming  weeks  and  even  months,  and  iu  some  instances 
years  of  time,  until  hope  has  sickened  into  despair,  and  men  have  grown 
gray  waiting  for  the  tardy  footsteps  of  the  messenger  from  whose  hands 
they  should  long  before  have  received  their  just  dues. 

It  is  no  answer  to  this  to  say  that  the  system  now  practiced  has  been 
long  in  use  and  therefore  ought  not  to  be  changed.  This  is  no  argu- 
ment for  its  continuance  unless  it  can  be  shown  that  age  sanctifies  error. 
I  make  this  statement  in  the  interest  not  only  of  fair  and  honorable  deal- 
ing, but  also  and  particularly  in  the  interest  of  economy  for  the  govern- 
ment. A  ])rompt  paymaster  gets  more  for  his  money  than  one  who  is 
not  prompt;  and  when  it  is  understood  that  delay  may  be  expected  in 
receiving  payment  for  labor  or  material  furnished,  those  who  furnish  the 
labor  or  material  make  their  calculations  accordingly,  and  charge  enough 
to  pay  them  for  waiting.  The  system  of  purchasing  the  annual  supplies 
for  the  Indian  service  by  inviting  and  receiving  sealed  proposals  is  pro- 
ductive of  a  healthy  competition,  and  the  opening  of  these  bids  and 
awarding  the  contracts  in  the  X)resence  of  the  bidders  leaves  no  just 
ground  for  charges  of  unfairness  or  favoritism,  and,  iu  my  oi)inion,  there 
is  not  much  room  for  improvement  iu  that  respect ;  but  1  desire  to  re- 
peat and  emphasize  it,  that  the  law  in  reference  to  settling  the  accounts 
ought  to  be  changed. 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF   THE   INTERIOR.  615 

INDIAN  AGENTS. 

Arnonff  tlie  many  Cannes  which  exist  teiuliiip:  to  rotarfl  the  ini])rove- 
Tiie.iit  of  the  liuliaiis,  one  very  iinjiortant  one  is  tlie  (lilVn-u1ty  ofjnoenr- 
inft-  nieii  of  tlie  ri.Q,iit  stani])  to  act  as  a<;ents.  AVe  hav<'  over  a  quarter 
of  a  million  of  Indians  scattere<l  over  many  thousands  of  miles  of  terri- 
tory, many  of  the  ])oints  at  >vhieli  they  aie  located  bein^'  (litJhcult  of 
ac<!ess.  Many  of  tliese  Indians,  outside  of  th«;  live  civilized  tribes,  are 
wild  roving-  nomads.  i)referrinj,'  savage  to  civilized  life.  These  are  an 
untutored  and  untraetable  peoi)le,  who  arc  naturally  indolent,  improvi- 
dent, and  shiftless,  and  very  im])atient  of  restraint  or  discipline.  The 
object  of  the  i^overnment  is  to  ti-ansforui  these  uncivilized  i)eo])le  into 
])eaceable,  industrious,  ami  law-abidin.i;'  citizens,  and  for  ihis  ])uri)ose  a 
system  has  been  devised,  good  in  many  resjK'cts;  but  when  we  come  to 
operate  that  system  we  make  a  fatal  mistake,  aud  a  mistake  which,  if 
not  (corrected,  will,  in  my  opinion,  ])revent  for  p:enerations  the  accom- 
plishment of  good,  which  might  otherwise  be  reached  in  one  decade. 
1  refer,  of  couise,  to  the  ])resent  system  of  aj)poiuting  and  jiaying  the 
men  who  have  the  immediate  charge  of  the  Indians,  and  wlio  are  known 
as  Indian  agents.  When  the  fact  is  once  clearly  established  that  an 
agent  is  utterly  unfit  from  any  cause  for  his  place,  he  ought,  on  any  theory 
of  souiul  business  principles,  to  be  removed  at  once,  and  a  more  suitable 
man  put  in  his  i)lace;  but  it  requires  as  much  macliineiy  now,  and  fre- 
quently more  time,  to  get  a.  new  agent  api)ointed  than  it  does  to  appoint 
a  minister  to  the  Court  of  St.  James.  Within  the  last  year  seven  entire 
months  w'ere  consumed  in  makiug  sucli  a  change  at  one  of  the  agencies, 
where  any  correct  business  man  transacting  his  own  l)usiness  would 
have  made  the  change  in  less  than  seven  days.  This  is  the  fault  of  the 
law,  and  ouglit  to  be  changed. 

These  Iu<lian  agents  furnish  the  precept  and  example  to  which  we  must 
look  more  than  to  any  other  cause  or  influence  as  a  means  of  changing 
the  habits,  manners,  and  customs  of  the  Indians.  If  the  agent  is  an 
honest,  indiistriovs,  and  inteUhjcnt  Chrintian  man,  with  the  pit  i/sica I  ability 
and  disj)osition  to  endure  hardshij)  and  courageously  encounter  dilliculty 
and  disa])i)Ointment,  or,  in  otiu'r  words,  if  he  is  morally,  mentally,  and 
physically  above  the  average  of  what  are  considered  good  nu'n,  he  will 
work  wonders  among  these  Avards  of  the  luition.  Ami  I  but  state  what 
every  thinking  man  must  know,  that,  as  a  rule,  this  class  of  uu'ii  cannot 
be  procured  to  cut  themselves  olf  from  civilization  and  deprive  them- 
selves and  families  of  the  comforts  and  advantages  of  eivilize«l  society 
for  the  i^itlance  which  is  now  ])aid  to  Indian  agents.  Occasionally  men 
have  been  founil  who,  for  the  good  whicdi  they  hojicd  to  accomplish,  have 
voluntarily  exiled  themselves  and  labored  for  the  good  of  these  pe»)ple, 
but  they  generally  found  nu»re  troulde  from  their  surroundings  and  less 
moral  support  from  the  government  than  was  expected,  and,  beeoming 
discouraged  and  disheartened,  have  retired  fiom  the  service,  leaving 
their  places  to  be  Idled  by  less  comjictent  men.  One  agent,  in  t<'iuler 
ing  his  resignation  a,  few  weeks  since,  uses  the  following  language  : 

I  have  labored  faithfully  for  thr^  good  of  tho  Indiiois,  dealing  lionoralily  with  nil 
meu,  bub  I  huve  at  la^t  bucoine  diohearteucd,  and  fed  that  life  is  too  ttliort  t-o  Wiiato 
any  more  of  it  here. 

One  great  cause  of  embarrassment  and  discouragement  to  Indian 
agents  is  the  trouble  and  annoyance  they  (ind  in  keeping  their  accounts 
so  as  to  comply  technically  with  all  tho  regulations  and  rulings  in  ref- 
erence to  the  linal  settlement  of  their  accounts.  As  the  matter  now 
stands,  an  agent  may  execute  to  the  letter  an  order  giveu  him  by  the 


616  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

Secretary  of  the  Interior  lor  the  payment  of  money^  and  yet  that  item 
iu  his  a(;connt  u)ay  be  suspended  against  him,  and  he  and  his  sureties 
be  compelled  bj'  law  to  pay  the  money  apiin.  The  result  is,  if  he  refuses 
to  obey  the  orders  of  his  superior  he  loses  his  ))osition,  and  if  he  obeys 
he  loses  his  money. 

I  give  it  as  my  honest  conviction  as  a  business  man,  after  one  year  and 
a  half  of  close  observation,  in  a  position  wliere  the  cliances  for  a  correct 
knowledge  of  this  question  are  better  tlian  in  any  other,  that  the  true 
policy  of  the  government  is  to  pay  Indian  agents  such  compensation 
and  place  them  under  such  regulations  of  law  as  will  insure  the  services 
of  first  class  men.  It  is  not  enough  that  a  man  is  honest;  he  must,  in 
addition  to  this,  be  capable.  He  must  be  up  to  standard  physically  as 
well  as  morally  and  mentally.  Men  of  this  class  are  comparatively 
scarce,  and  as  a  rule  cannot  be  had  unless  the  compensation  is  equal  to 
the  service  required.  Low-priced  men  are  not  always  the  cheapest.  A 
bad  article  is  dear  at  any  price.  Paying  a  man  as  Indian  agent  81,200 
or  $1,500,  and  expecting  him  to  pertorm  $3,000  or  8J:,000  worth  of  labor, 
is  not  economy,  and  iu  a  large  number  of  cases  has  proven  to  be  the 
worst  kind  of  extravagance.  The  wholesale,  sweeping  charge  of  dis- 
honesty sometimes  made  against  Indian  agents  is  not  true.  Some  of 
them  are  gO(xl  and  true  men,  doing  the  very  best  they  can  under  the  em- 
barrassing circumstances  by  which  they  are  surrounded;  and  some  of 
them  are  capable;  butl  repeat,  the  inducements  for  such  men  to  remain 
are  insufficient,  and  the  difficulties  and  disconragements  which  they 
meet,  crowd  them  out  of  the  service,  and  nutil  ail  Indian  agents  are 
selected  and  paid  as  a  good  business  man  selects  and  pays  his  employes 
(which  is  not  the  case  now),  it  need  not  be  wondered  at  if  many  of 
them  are  incompetent,  and  a  few  of  them  dishonest. 

CO-OPERATION  OF  BELIGIOUS  SOCIETIES. 

One  very  important  auxiliary  in  transforming  men  from  savage  to 
civilized  life  is  the  influence  brought  to  bear  upon  them  through  the 
labors  of  Christian  men  and  Momen  as  educators  and  missionaries. 
This  I  think  has  been  forcibly  illustrated  and  clearly  demonstrated 
among  tbe  different  Indian  tribes  by  the  missionary  labors  of  the  various 
religious  societies  in  the  last  few  years.  Civilization  is  a  i)lant  of  ex- 
cee<ling  slow  growth,  unless  siii^plemented  by  Christian  teaching  and 
influences.  I  am  decidedly  of  the  opinion. that  a  liberal  encouragement 
by  the  government  to  all  religions  denominations  to  eictend  their  edu- 
cational and  missionary  operations  among  the  Indians  wouid  be  of  im- 
mense, benefit.  1  find  that  during  the  year  there  has  been  expended 
in  cash  by  the  difierent  religious  societies  for  regular  educational  and 
missionary  purposes  among  the  Indians  the  sum  of  821(5,680,  and  doubt- 
less much  more  whieb  was  not  re])orted  thr,*ugh  the  regular  chaiinels. 
This  is  just  so  much  money  saved  to  the  government,  which  is  an  item 
of  some  importance,  but  insignilicant  in  comparison  with  the  healthy 
influences  created  by  the  men  and  women  who  have  gone  among  the 
Indians,  not  for  personal  pecuniary  benefit,  but  for  the  higher  and 
nol>ler  purpose  of  helping  these  untutored  and  uncivilized  people  to  a 
higher  plane  of  existence.  In  no  other  manner  and  by  no  other  means, 
in  my  judgment,  can  oar  Indian  x)opnlation  be  so  speedily  and  perma- 
nently reclaimed  from  barbarism,  idolatry,  and  savage  life,  as  by  the 
educational  and  missionary  operations  of  the  Christian  people  of  our 
country.  This  kind  of  teaching  will  educate  them  to  be  sober,  indus- 
trious, self-reliant,  and  to  respect  the  rights  of  others:  and  my  delib- 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     617 

erate  opinion  is,  that  it  is  not  only  the  interest  but  tlie  duty  of  the  gov- 
ernment to  aid  and  encourage  these  etiorts  in  the  most  liberal  manner. 
]^o  money  spent  lor  the  civilization  of  the  Indian  wUl  return  a  better 
dividend  than  that  sjjeut  in  this  way.  In  urging  this  imint  I  do  not 
wish  to  be  understood  as  claiming  tliat  all  tlie  good  people  are  inside 
the  churches  and  all  the  bad  ones  outside;  but  a  little  observation,  I 
think,  will  convince  any  one  that  a  very  large  proportion  of  those  who 
sacrilice  time  and  money  for  the  good  of  others  is  found  inside  of  some 
Christian  organization.  If  we  expect  to  stop  sun  dances,  snake  wor- 
sliip,  and  other  debasing  forms  of  superstition  and  idohitry  among  In- 
dians, we  must  teach  tluMu  sotne  better  way.  Tiiis,  with  liberal  appro- 
priations by  the  government  for  the  establishment  of  industrial  schools, 
where  the  thousands  of  Indi;in  children  now  roaming  wild  shall  be 
taught  to  speak  the  English  language  and  earn  their  own  living,  will 
accomidish  what  is  so  much  desired,  to  wit,  the  conversion  of  the  wild, 
roving  Indian  into  an  industrious,  peaceable,  and  law-abidiug  citizen. 

]SEED  OF  MORE  LIBERAL  APPROPRIATIONS. 

This  result,  however,  cannot  be  reached  in  any  reasonable  time  un- 
less the  means  are  commensurate  with  the  end  to  be  attained.  The 
conditions  which  now  surround  the  case  are  very  ditferent  from  those 
that  existed  in  the  years  of  the  past.  The  game  upon  which  the  In- 
dian subsisted  is  fast  disappeaiing,  and  he  must  of  ne<'essity  look  for 
subsistence  from  some  other  source.  The  vast  domain  which  he  once 
called  his  own,  and  over  which  he  roamed  at  will,  is  rai)i(lly  being 
absorbed  by  the  white  people,  who  insist  that  these  fertile  valleys  and 
mountains  rich  in  mineral  deposits  shall  no  longer  remain  locked  up 
and  shut  out  from  the  enterjjrise  and  imlustry  of  the  white  race.  The 
commercial  interests  of  the  country  seem  to  demand  that  the  means  of 
communication  between  one  section  of  the  country  and  another  shall 
not  be  obstructed  by  denying  the  right  of  way  for  trade  and  trafiic; 
and  as  a  consequence  railroads  are  penetrating  these  reservations  once 
set  apart  for  the  home  of  the  Indian,  and  in  which  he  had  a  right  to 
suppose  he  wouhl  not  be  disturbed. 

I  do  not  stop  now  to  canvass  the  question  of  right  or  justice.  I  only 
point  to  the  inevitable,  and  claim  that  it  is  unquestionably  the  impera- 
tive duty  of  the  government,  as  well  as  the  soundest  and  safest  policy, 
to  provide  the  safest,  surest,  and  most  etjuitable  means  to  induce  the 
Indian  to  abandon  the  manners,  customs,  and  traditions  of  his  fathere, 
and  accomimMiate  himself  to  the  new  and  better  way.  This  can  only 
be  done  by  aiquojuiations  much  more  liberal  than  those  nnide  in  the 
past.  If  one  million  of  dollars  for  educational  i)urposes  given  now  will 
save  several  millions  in  the  future,  it  is  wise  economy  to  give  that  mill- 
ion at  once,  and  nt>t  dole  it  out  in  small  sums  that  do  but  little  good. 
The  more  thoughtful  and  intelligent  of  the  Indians  comprehend  ami  ap- 
preciate the  situation,  anil  are  anxious  to  put  themselves  in  condition  to 
meet  the  newor<l<>r  of  things  which  they  see  is  certain  to  come,  and  which 
will  either  elevate  tliem  in  the  scale  of  being,  or  exterminate  them. 
Chief  Keokuk,  son  of  th(^  celebrated  chief  of  that  name,  said  to  one  of 
oursi)ec'al  agents  only  a  few  days  ago,  "  We  want  schools,  churches,  and 
laws,  to  nniUe  our  ]>eoi)le  abandon  the  wild,  roving  lite  of  Indians,  and 
become  a  settled,  industrious,  and  peaceable  i)eoph'." 

Within  the  last  few  months  the  Pottawatcmiie  Indians  have  i)repared 
and  submitted  to  the  dejiartment  for  api)roval,  a  code  of  laws  for  their 
own  government,  thus  clearl.\  indicating  t  hat  the  thoughts  of  the  Indians 
are  being  turned  in  the  right  direction. 


618  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

UNJTTST  DISCRIMINATION  BETWEEN  INDIAN  TRIBES. 

I  called  atteutioii  in  my  last  report  to  the  fact  that  the  Indiana  who 
obey  law  and  try  to  <!onfbrin  to  our  customs,  and  to  cultivate  habits  of 
industry  aiul  sol)rioty,  are  not  encourii<^ed  as  they  should  be;  while  In- 
dians who  are  lazy,  turbulent,  and  insubonlinate,  get  what  they  demand. 
If  the  Indians  are  in  fiict  the  wards  of  the  nation,  it  is  the  imperative 
duty  of  the  government  to  treat  them  as  a  prudent  and  kind  guardian 
shouhl  treat  a  ward,  and  this  can  only  be  done  by  rewarding  the  good 
and  iHinishiug  the  bad.  Kewards  should  be  liberal  and  i)romptly  given, 
and  punishments  should  be  sharp,  quick,  and  positive.  Xo  delay  in 
either  case;  let  the  effect  follow  the  cause  with  certainty  and  rapidity. 
Belay  in  either  case  lessens  the  effect  intended  to  be  produced. 

I  feel  that  I  cannot  too  strongly  urge  this,  because  unless  a  different 
policy  in  this  respect  is  pursued  in  the  future  from  that  i^racticed  in  the 
jjast,  bad  Indians  will  increase  and  good  ones  decrease.  They  nuist  be 
made  to  know  that  vice  will  not  be  rewarded,  ifl)r  will  virtue  be  pun- 
ished. We  are  to-day  feeding  with  a  liberal  hand,  and  at  a  cost  of 
hundreds  of  thousands  of  dollars,  a  tribe  of  Indians  who  have  made  in- 
solent demands,  and  defiantly  threatened  war  unless  their  demands  were 
complied  with,  while  at  the  same  time  we  are  allowing  quiet  and  peace- 
able Indians  to  struggle  with  adverse  circumstances  on  the  verge  of 
starvation.    The  Indians  see  this  and  the  effect  must  necessarily  be  bad. 

SURVEYS  OF  INDIAN  RESERVATIONS. 

One  fruitful  source  of  trouble  and  conflict  between  Indians  and  white 
people  arises  from  the  fact  that  in  very  many  cases  it  is  impossible  to 
tell  where  the  reservation  lines  are.  The  Indians  claim  the  Hue  to  be 
in  one  place  and  the  white  man,  who  is  a  farmer,  a  miner,  or  a  herder, 
claims  it  to  be  in  another.  The  only  remedy  for  this  is  by  surveying 
and  plainly  marking  the  boundary  lines;  this  would  save  much  trouble 
and  many  lives.  I  made  an  earnest  request  for  an  appropriation  of 
$100,000  for  this  purpose  at  the  last  session  of  Congress,  but  only  $5,000 
was  given.  In  1880  it  was  estimated  that  there  were  not  less  than  6,000 
miles  of  unsurveyed  reservation  boundaries.  But  little  change  has  oc- 
curred since.  Were  it  not  for  the  aid  generously  extended  by  the  War 
Department  during  the  year  past  the  oflice  would  have  been  extremely 
embarrassed  in  several  cases  where  surveys  were  absolutely  required  to 
prevent  threatened  conflicts  between  Indians  ami  whites.  Agents  at 
the  different  agencies  are  urging  the  necessity  of  having  the  boundaries 
fixed,  and  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  this  matter  will  not  be  neglected  at  the 
approaching  session  of  Congress.  Where  it  has  not  already  been  done 
arable  lands  within  the  reservations  should  be  subdivided,  to  enable 
the  ageuts  to  allot  lands  in  severalty  to  Indians  as  fast  as  required. 

APPROPRIATIONS   COVERED  INTO  THE   TREASURY. 

In  reference  to  the  amount  of  ai)i)ropriations  for  the  Iiidian  service, 
I  wish  to  call  attention  to  the  fact  that  many  thousands  of  dollars  are 
annually  appropriated,  which,  on  account  of  the  peculiar  character  of 
the  law  governing  these  appropriations,  cannot  be  and  never  are  used; 
and  this  fact  ought  to  be  considered  in  making  the  appropriations.  The 
books  in  this  bureau  show  that  $228,170.22  have  been  returned  to  the 
Treasury  for  the  last  year,  for  which  the  accounts  are  matle  up.  And 
connected  with  this  fact  is  another  kindred  one,  to  wit:  supplies  amount- 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     G19 

ing  in  some  instances  to  many  thousands  of  dollars  are  purchased  and 
paid  for  out  of  money  appropriatedfor  the  Indian  service,  Init  before  these 
supplies  aie  consumed  the  Indians  are  removed  to  some  distant  locality, 
the  supplies  are  sold,  and  every  dollar  realized  from  the  sale  goes  back 
into  the  Treasury;  but  all  the  expense  of  care  and  sale  must  be  j)aid  fnmi 
the  contingent  fund,  for  which  no  calculation  was  made  when  the  con- 
tingent fund  was  approi)riated.  The  law  should  be  so  amended  as  to 
allow  all  expenses  of  this  kind  to  be  i)aid  from  proceeds  of  the  sale  of 
the  ])ro])erty.  I'or  j)roof  and  illustration  of  this  eon«litiou  of  allairs  1 
refer  to  the  reeent  operations  on  the  Malheur  Keservation. 

CONSOLIDATION  OF  AGENCIES. 

There  are  at  i)resent  fifty-nine  Indian  agencies,  fifty-eight  of  them  in 
charge  of  agents  whose  salary  is  provided  for  by  Congress,  and  one  in 
charge  of  a  military  otiicer  acting  as  Inilian  agent.  A  reduction  of  eight 
agencies  has  been  made  during  the  fiscal  year.  Iteduction  in  the  number 
of  agencies  has  been  the  aim  of  this  ollice  for  several  years  past,  and 
has  been  frequently  recommended  by  my  predecessors.  The  objects 
sought  have  been,  (1)  reduction  in  the  cost  of  maintaining  agencies; 
(2)  the  consolidation  of  the  Indians  upon  reservations  where  they  may 
be  best  protected  in  their  personal  and  pro])erty  rights,  and  (3)  the  safe 
of  the  lands  vacated  by  the  consolidation  and  the  use  of  such  portion 
of  the  funds  arising  therefrom  as  may  be  necessary  in  the  settlement  of 
the  Indians  upon  the  reservations  to  which  they  may  bo  removed,  the 
balance  of  the  money  to  be  funded  for  their  use,  and  the  interest  thereon 
to  be  expended  in  lieu  of  direct  ai)propriations  for  their  benefit.  This 
plan  is  still  urged  and  believed  to  be  for  the  best  interests  of  all  con- 
cerned. 

But  the  consolidation  of  agencies  (so  called)  made  at  the  last  session 
of  Congress  has  not  been  productive  of  the  good  residts  hoped  for  by 
those  who  advocated  the  measure.  The  Indians  and  all  the  property 
and  machinery  of  an  agency  have  been  left  just  where  they  Avere  and  as 
they  were,  except  that  the  pers(ui  in  charge  is  not  called  an  agent,  nor 
can  he  receive  or  disburse  money.  The  one  nuin,  who  is  the  agent  for 
all  of  the  i)oints  attemi)ted  to  be  consolidated,  is  alone  res])onsiljle  for 
all  the  ]iroi)erty,  and  must  necessarily  travel  from  one  to  another;  this 
involves  much  expense  of  time  and  money;  and  inasmuch  as  all  the  ac- 
counts have  to  be  examined  and  reviewed  at  the  jxtint  where  the  agent 
is  located,  it  requires  additional  clerical  force,  and  I  have  found  some 
dithculty,  even  ;it  this  early  period  of  the  fiscal  year,  in  finding  funds 
for  tin*  i)ayment  of  the  agent's  traveling  expenses  and  the  additional 
clerical  foix-e.  re(iuire(l.  As  a  rule!  it  is  safe  to  say  that  any  attenqit  at 
consolidation  that  does  not  consolidate  the  Indians  by  placing  them  on 
the  same  reservation  must  n.'sult  in  failure  to  aecom]>Iish  any  good  anil 
be  almost  certain  to  give  niuch  trouble. 

The  last  Indian  ai)propriation  act  simply  legislated  agents  out  of  ofliee 
on  .lune  30, 1882,  made  no  i)rovisionsfor  their  salaries  or  expenses  until 
such  consolidation  should  be  complete<l,  ayd  i)rovided  no  funds  by  which 
the  Indians  could  be  brought  together.  A  special  a]q)ro|)riatioii  should 
be  nuule  to  enable,  this  oliice  to  carry  into  effect  the  provisions  of  secr- 
tion  t)  of  the  act  above  referred  to.  or  a  sullicient  sum  for  the  i)uri>ose 
should  be  ailded  to  the  appropriation  for  contingencies  of  the  Indian 
service. 


620  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

ISSUES   OF  RATIONS. 

In  accofdanco  with  suftgestioiis  made  by  some  members  of  the  Com- 
mittee on  Appropriations  at  the  hist  session  of  Con^*ess,  I  decided  at 
tlie  commencement  of  the  presimt  fiscal  year  to  have  the  supplitis  pnr- 
cliased  for  Indians  under  existin^j;  appro])riations  divided  into  fifty-two 
parts,  and  instructed  agents  to  issue  one  lifty-second  part  eacjh  week,  so 
that  the  amount  appropriated  for  shouhl  last  to  the  end  of  the  tiscai 
year. 

The  following  is  the  text  of  the  instructions  issued  : 

In  pnrcliasiusi  these  supplies  tho  funds  appropriated  by  Congress  for  the  fiscal  year 
18b3  liave  beeu  exhanstcil,  I'eservinjf  only  sufficient  for  the  purchase  of  animitj'  and 
other  jroods  estimated  for  by  yon,  pay  of  employees,  and  such  incidental  expenditures 
as  may  arise  dnrin<^  the  year.  Yon  are  therefoie  directed  to  divide  the  above-named 
supplies  by  tho  number  of  weeks  (52),  and  issue  only  one  fifty-sec<md  part  of  the 
same  per  week.  Under  no  circumstances  will  you  be  allowed  to  incur  any  deficiency, 
and  you  will  be  held  resi^onsible  for  the  execution  of  this  order. 

This  has  caused  much  dissatisfaction  among  many  of  the  tribes,  and 
a  threatened  outbreak  in  some  instances ;  but  the  system  will  be  ad- 
hered to,  unless  Congress  orders  otherwise. 

EVIL  OF   CASH  ANNUITIES. 

In  mauy  cases  the  law  now  requires  money  to  be  paid  to  certain 
tribes  of  Indians.  In  a  majority  of  these  cases,  if  the  law  left  it  in  the 
discretion  of  the  department  to  pay  in  cattle  or  sheep,  instead  of  cash, 
the  result  would  be  much  more  beneficial  to  the  Indian.  This  is  emi- 
nently true  in  the  case  of  the  Uintah  and  other  Utes.  The  country 
occupied  by  them  is  a  good  grazing  country,  but  not  well  adapted  for 
agricultural  purposes.  If,  instead  of  compelling  payment  to  them  in 
money,  as  the  law  now  stands,  they  could  be  paid  in  cattle,  they  could 
in  a  few  years  become  self-supporting.  Tlie  money  paid  to  them  does 
them  but  little  good.  In  one  day,  immediately  after  a  cash  payment 
was  made  to  the  Utes,  two  thousand  dollars  were  spent  for  firearms, 
ammunition,  and  whisky  in  Salt,  Lake  City,  and  in  a  very  short  time 
nine-tenths  of  the  payment  went  in  the  same  direction.  If  they  are  the 
wards  of  the  nation,  we  should  see  to  it  that  they  get  only  such  things 
as  are  beneficial,  and  not  such  as  are  injurious. 

While  upon  this  subject  I  wish  to  call  attention  to  the  fact  that  there 
is  no  law  to  pnnish  any  one  for  selling  tirearms  to  Indians,  and  the  con- 
sequence is  that  the  worst  and  most  troublesome  Indians  are  armed 
■with  the  best  breech-loaders  that  can  be  found  in  the  market.  It  is 
hoped  a  stringent  law  may  be  passed  to  prevent,  as  far  as  possible,  this 
cause  of  trouble  and  loss  of  life.  '  ^ 

INCREASE  IN  THE   CLERICAL  FORCE   OF  THE  BUREAU.  "* 

For  many  years  complaint  has  been  made  by  the  accounting  officers 
of  the  Treasury  that  the  accounts  rendered  quarterly  by  the  Indian  ■ 
agents  were  so  much  delayed  in  the  Indian  Bureau  that  m  a  majority 
of  cases,  before  a  final  settlement  could  be  reached,  the  sureties  on  the 
bonds  and  the  witnesses  whose  testimony  woiild  be  necessary  in  estab-  , 
lishing  facts  connected  with  suspensions  in  these  accounts  could  not, 
on  account  of  death  or  some  other  cause,  be  reached.     Congress  very  ; 
wisely  at  the  last  session  made  an  appropriation  of  84,000  specially 
for  the  i)uri»ose  of  bringing  u])  thesn  accounts.     With  the  aid  thus  af- 
forded I  have  been  able  to  bring  them  ui)  nearer  to  date  than  they  have 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     621 

heei)  Ibr  luaii-y  years.  Thi.s  Las  resnlted  in  nuicli  saving-  of  tronble  and 
a  iniidi  l)etter  understandiii.i;-  of  the  oouilition  of  the  curreut  liusiuess  at 
tlie  ageuci(3s,  and,  it  is  safe  to  say,  the  sa\iiig  of  inouey  to  the  govern- 

llU'llt. 

[  venture  iu  this  connection  to  make  a  suggestion  which,  if  followed, 
will  be  of  much  pecuniary  advantage.  I  refer  to  the  fact  that  an  immense 
amount  of  work  is  done  in  this  bureau  for  outside  i)arties,  for  which  not 
one  cent  is  paid.  Other  (lei)artments  of  ihe  government  charge  for 
copies  of  j)ap<'rs  and  documents,  but  tlie  Indian  Bureau  does  all  this 
work,  amounting  to  thousands  upon  thousands  of  pages,  for  nothing: 
and  the  time  of  clerks,  for  whoso  salaries  appropriations  are  made,  is 
taken  u])  with  this  kind  of  work,  and  consequently  to  the  neglect  of  the 
work  for  wliich  they  are  employed  and  ])aid.  The  same  rule,  it  seems, 
to  me,  that  is  practiced  by  other  bureaus  ought  to  be  allowed  iu  this. 
The  law  now  tixes  the  number  of  clerks  and  the  compensation  of  each, 
and  no  change  can  in  any  case  l)e  allowed.  This  is  done  on  a  basis  of 
what  is  supjjosed  to  be  absolutely  necessary  for  the  performance  of  the 
duties  of  the  oliice.  If  no  work  for  outside  parties  had  to  be  performed, 
this  rule  might  answer;  but  if  (as  is  frequently  the  case)  the  time  of 
three  or  four  of  the  best  clerks  is  occupied  for  days  in  making  examina- 
tions and  preparing  coi)ies  of  papers  not  belonging  to  the  regular  work 
of  th(}  office,  it  follows  as  a  consequence  that  the  regulai-  work  of  the 
bureau  must  to  that  extent  be  neglected  and  the  public  business  suffer. 
The  remedy  for  this  can  be  found  in  one  of  two  ways:  either  make  the 
approi)riations  sufiiciently  large  to  meet  these  calls  from  outside  par- 
ties, or  allow  the  usual  charge  for  this  class  of  work,  and  the  use  of  the 
money  thus  realized  for  extra  clerical  labor.  Either  of  these  plans  will 
accomplish  the  desired  object,  and  if,  iu  addition  to  this,  it  was  allow- 
able to  employ  clerks  at  what  they  are  worth,  instead  of  the  iron  rule 
now  in  force,  more  work  could  be  done,  more  people  employed,  ami 
money  saved.  This  bureau  is  allowed  one  messenger,  one  assistant 
messenger,  and  one  laborer.  The  rooms  occupied  by  the  diflereut  divis- 
ions are  a  long  distance  apart.  Many  times  every  day  chiefs  of  divis- 
ions and  the  higher  grades  of  (tlerks  are  compelled  to  leave  their  desks 
to  seek  or  give  information,  which  could  Just  as  well  be  performed  by  a 
messenger  boy  at  ^i  per  day.  Good  business  men  do  not  conduct  their 
business  in  this  manner. 

The  apjiropriatiou  of  >i,000  wisely  given  by  Congresss  at  the  last 
Kession  for  the  «Miq)loyment  of  clerical  labor  for  a  special  purpose  was 
not  trammeled  by  any  restriction  as  to  the  com])ensation  which  shouhl 
be  paid  to  clerks,  and  as  a  consequence  I  am  able  to  say  what  could  not 
have  been  truthfully  said  in  the  last  ten  yeais,  to  wit :  Tliat  there  are  no 
agents' accounts  unsettled  in  this  oliice  outside  of  the  present  liscal  yeai-. 

DEFICIENCIES   IX  APPKOPKIATION«. 

The  funds  ai)propriated  by  Congress  in  the  regular  api)ropriatiou  bill 
for  the  support  of  the  Indians  during  the  liseal  year  jtrovecl  to  1x3  en- 
tirely insuiUcient,  mainly  owing  to  the  high  price  of  beef  and  tlonr;  and 
had  it  not  been  lor  the  additional  api)roi)riation  in  the  sundry  civil  bill 
of  6U(tO,UOO  for  the  i)urchase  of  beef,  and  $L'r>,()UO  for  the  sui)|")ort  of  the 
.Ticarilla  and  3Iescalero  Apaches,  this  oilice  would  have  been  greatly 
end>arrassed  and  serious  dillieulties  been  the  result.  The  amount  ap- 
propriated for  the  subsistence  of  the  Sioux  nnder  agreement  made  Feb- 
ruary 1*8,  1S77,  was  insnflicient  by  8"'<>o,(»(H).  Article  o  of  this  agree- 
ment provides  for  fianisUing  cucli  ludividuid  with  a  daOy  ration  of  li 


I 


622  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

lioiMids  hiH'f,  oiK'-lialf  pound  of  flour,  one-liulf  i)Oun<l  of  corn,  and  for 
evrry  100  rations  4  jxmnds  of  colfcc,  S  jjoundn  of  KUjjar,  and  3  pounds 
ol"  beans,  or  in  lieu  of  said  articles  tlie  equivalent  thereof,  in  the  djs- 
eretioii  of  the  Commissioner  oi"  Indian  Affairs.  According  to  the  re- 
ports of  the  aijents,  there  are  now  on  the  different  Sioux  reservations 
li(),<J.S;j  persons,  who,  nnder  aitiele  5  of  the  above  treaty,  are  entitled  to 
20,1217,88")  i)()unds  beef  gross,  4,800,047.]  i)Ounds  of  corn  and  flour  each, 
1292,179  i)ouuds  of  beans,  389,572  pounds  of  coffee,  and  779,144  pounds 
of  sugar,  costing  at  contract  prices  $1,558,847.08.  The  amount  appro- 
priated by  Congress  for  subsistence  of  the  Sioux,  including  transporta- 
tion of  all  sup])lies  from  steamboat  landings  and  terminus  of  railroads 
to  agencies,  is  $1,075,000,  of  which  at  least  $50,000  will  be  required  for 
transportation,  making  a  deficiency  of  $500,000,  for  which  an  estimate 
will  be  submitted  to  Congress  at  its  next  session.  As  this  amount  is 
due  under  treaty  stipulations,  it  is  hoped  it  will  be  furnished. 

The  only  other  deficiency  to  be  provided  for  by  Congress  will  be 
about  $50,000  for  "transportation  of  Indian  supplies."  For  that  X)ur- 
pose  $275,000  were  ai)pro])riated  by  Congress,  but  this  amount  will 
not  be  sufficient  to  pay  for  all  the  tninsportation  ;  and  as  the  right  to 
incur  deficiency  for  transportation  was  conceded  at  the  last  session  of 
Congress  by  the  House  Committee  on  A])propriations,  I  have  no  doubt 
that  the  additional  amount  refjuired  will  be  apjuopriated. 

Section  8  of  the  act  making  appropriations  for  the  current  and  con- 
tingent expenses  of  the  Indian  service,  &c.,  for  the  fiscal  year  1883,  di- 
rects that  notice  shall  be  given  to  such  Indians  as  are  now  being  sub- 
sisted, in  whole  or  in  part,  by  ai)propriatious  not  required  by  treaty, 
that  a  recommendation  will  be  made  to  Congress,  at  its  next  session 
for  a  diminution  of  such  appropriations,  and  in  inirsuance  thereof  I 
have  issued  the  following  circular  and  forwarded  it  to  the  different  In- 
dian ageiits : 

Pjjpartment  of  thu  Intkriob, 

Office  of  Indian  Affairs, 

Washington,  September  27,  1882. 

Sir  :  lu  compliance  Tvith  instructions  received  from  the  honorable  Secretary  of  the 
Interior,  your  attention  is  called  to  section  8  of  "An  act  making  appropriations  for 
the  cari'ent  and  contingent  expenses  of  the  Indian  Department,  and  for  fnlfilling 
treaty  stipulation  with  various  Indian  tribes,  for  the  tiscal  year  1883,  and  for  other 
purposes,"  approved  May  17,  1882,  -which  reads  as  follows:  "That  the  Secretary  of 
the  Interior  shall  cause  such  Indians  as  are  now  being  subsisted,  in  whole  or  in  part, 
by  appropriations  not  required  in  discharge  of  treaty  obligations,  to  be  notified  that 
he  will  recommend  to  Congress,  at  its  next  sessiou,  a  dimiuution  of  such  appropria- 
tion, and  tliat  in  consequence  thereof  their  future  support  will  depend  more  upon  their 
own  exertions." 

In  compliance  with  the  above  you  will  give  your  Indians  the  notice  required  by 
this  act  of  Congress,  and  assure  them  that  while  the  government  is  disposed  to  treat 
them  kindly  and  even  generously,  and  to  extend  to  them  every  needed  assistance  to 
enable  them  to  make  a  comfortable  living  for  tliemselves  and  families,  yet  they  must 
remember  that  there  is  now  no  treaty  or  other  obligation  on  the  part  of  the  govern- 
ment to  su))port  them,  and  that  what  they  are  now  receiving  is  jturely  a  gift,  and  that 
there  must  come  a  time  when  they  will  be  expected  to  labor  for  their  own  support  the 
same  as  white  men  do.  Say  to  them  that  labor  is  not  degrading,  but  on  the  contrary 
is  ennol)liug,  and  that  if  they  ever  expect  to  become  rich  and  powerful  as  the  white 
races,  they  must  learu  the  lessons  of  iudustry  and  economy. 

H.  PEICE,  Commissioner. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 


623 


/ 


INDIAN  AGENCIES  AND  POPULATION. 


The  following  table  shows  the  location  of  the  several  agencies  and 
the  i>oi)ulation: 


States  aud  Territoriea. 


Arizona 

('uliforiiia 

Colorado 

1  )akota 

Idaho  .   

Indian  Territory 

ludiau  Territory  (5  civilized  (ribes). 

Iowa 

KiinsHH 

>rifhi-au 

Jliiiui'Hota 

Montana  . 


Nebraska  (ineliidiiif;  201  attached  to  Kansas  agepcy,  but  still  living  ii)  Nebraska). 

Nevada 

New  Mexico 

New  York 

( )re;;ou 


Texas. 

Utah 

WashJDjrtou  Territory . 

"Wiscoii.iin 

Wj-oniiu^ 


Total  number  of  agencies  and  number  of  Indians  at  agencies. 


^2P 


I. 

Si 


14,241 

11.013 

92.'. 

30,117 

3,652 

18.  Ml 

59,  277 

3.=i0 

«Xi 

9,  795 

4,2« 
IH,  705 

4,014 

7,  Ki\ 
'2S,  527 

.■>.  1 16 

4.  .ViO 
JO'S 

5,371 
13,28fi 

7,7.^; 

1,782 


24^  932 


^Indians  in  charge  of  a  military  officer  and  not  on  a  reservation. 

To  this  shoultf  bo  added  those  not  under  control  of  agents,  living 
principally  in  the  Teirit(n-ies  of  Arizona,  Idaho,  and  Utah,  and  the  States 
of  Calilbrnia,  Indiana,  Kan.sas,  North  C^antliiiii,  Oregon,  and  Wi.qconsin, 
numbering  15,4:81,  making  total  number  of  Indians  in  the  United  States, 
exclusive  of  those  in  Alaska,  L*OL',;iG(>. 

LIQUOR  IN  THE  INDIAN   COUNTRY. 

The  sale  and  use  of  lirpior  has  been  brought  before  the  public  so  long 
;js  the  chief  cause  of  ])overty  and  (iiiine,  that  when  it  is  state*!  that  neurly 
all  the  serious  crimes  committed  in  the  Indian  c<»untry  art<  traceable 
directly  to  the  selling  and  drinking  of  wliisky,  the  statement  is  accepted 
as  trnlii,  as  a  matter  of  course.  It  i)rovokes  no  comment,  and  apjVears 
to  have  little  etfect  on  legislation.  Yet,  to-day,  whisky  is  the  one  grejiL 
curse  of  the  Indian  i^ountry,  the  j»rolitic  source  of  disorder,  tumult, 
crime,  and  disease,  and  if  its  sale  could  be  utterly  pn»liibite<l,  peace  and 
<piiet  would  almost,  uniformly  e.vist  among  tlie  Indians  from  the  Missi.s- 
sippi  to  the  Pacili<'.  Wliisky  is  furnished  the  Indians  by  disreputabh^ 
white  men,  who  would  sell  themselves  ami  their  country  for  so  many 
pieces  of  silver.  Leniency  to  such  men  is  a  crime.  Tiu-ir  homes  should 
be  behind  iron  bars,  with  never  a  human  tace  to  look  upon,  and  never 
a  sight  of  the  green  earth  or  the  skies  above,  until,  in  solitary  contine- 
nient  for  months  and  years,  they  had  been  taught  the  lesson  that  "the 
way  of  transgressors  is  hard."  Most  Indians  will  <lrink  whisky  when- 
ever and  wherever  they  can  g<*t  it.  Under  its  inlluence  they  are  sav- 
ages in  deed  as  well  as  in  name. 

The  agent  at  Quai)aw  says: 

A  quart  of  wliisky  will  do  more  to  demoralize  Indians  than  a  month  of  patient  labor 
■wili  accomplisli  to  civilize  them. 


(i24  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

The  ii^Qr\t  at  Sac  and  Fox,  Indian  Territory,  saj-s: 

The  wliiHky  biiisint-HS  lias  been  tho  ciiiists  of  luoro  dilUculty  and  more  crime  than  all 
otlicr  caiisos  coiubincd. 

At  Groat  Nenuilui  the  agent  testifies  that: 

Stroiijjf  driuk  is  the  preatcst  cnrsi^  that  besets  (lie  red  irKin.  Unprincipled  whites  in 
the  BetthMnents,  knowing  this  weakness,  and  rugardli'ss  of  the  couHefi'ifncea  that  may 
follow,  will  barter  their  own  souls  that  they  may  lill  their  coffers  with  their  uulawful 
and  ill-gotten  gains. 

At  Navajo  Agency,  one  of  the 'chiefs  says: 

We  do  not  make  whisky — it  is  the  Americans  that  <To  it — and  we  earnestly  plead 
that  the  Great  Father  will  take  it  away  from  us  and  not  let  it  ))e  brought  near  us,  for 
our  young  men  drink  it  like  water. 

The  agent  at  Tulalip  reports  that: 

No  crimes  of  a  serious  character  were  committed  on  the  reservation,  and  if  it  were 
not  for  tilt"  uefarions  trade  carried  on  in  selling  liquor  to  Indians  by  degraded  white 
men,  the  Indians  would  be  a  happy  and  prosperous  race  of  people. 

Page  after  page  might  be  filled  with  similar  testimonies. 

The  destruction  of  the  licpior  traffic  among  Indians  is  necessary, 
alike  for  their  welfare  and  for  the  protection  and  safety  of  the  lives  and 
property  of  thousands  of  good  citizens  who  have  their  homes  near  these 
Indian  reservations.  The  result  desired  can  be  accomplished  by  the 
jjassage  and  enforcement  of  rigid  laws,  with  severe  penalties  for  the 
violation  thereof.  If  the  guilty  ones  are  surely  and  sufficiently  pun- 
isUed,  it  will  soon  be  almost  impossible  for  the  Indians  to  get  liquor. 
The  present  law  is  defective.  It  provides  that  the  penalty  for  giving 
or  selling  liquor  to  an  Indian  shall  be  imprisonment  for  not  ^iwre  than 
two  years  and  a  fine  of  not  more  than  $300.  This  law  should  be  so 
amended  as  to  specify  a  minimum  penalty. 

A  few  selections  from  reports  of  agents  will  show  the  necessity  for 
such  an  amendnient.  • 

The  agent  at  Grande  Konde  says: 

The  greatest  obstacle  *  *  *  is  the  constant  watchfulness  required  to  pre\  tin 
them  from  obtaining  whisky  from  a  disreputable  class  of  whites  who  hover  around 
the  borders  of  the  agency,  or  in  the  small  towns,  ever  ready  to  furnish  Indians  liquor 
and  to  take  advantage  of  them  as  soon  as  they  have  become  intoxicated.  I  have  ,su< - 
ceeded.  in  having  from  forty  to  fifty  of  this  class  of  oli'enders  arrested  during  the  past 
year,  nearly  every  one  of  whom  has  been  convicted,  but  the  tines  imposed  are  not 
sufficient  to  give  them  a  proper  respect  for  law  and  order.  Could  our  courts  be  induced 
to  make  the  sentence  imprisonment  instead,  of  a  small  fine,,  I  am  confident  there  would 
be  fewer  transgressors. 

The  agent  at  Green  Bay  says: 

During  the  past  year  five  young  men  have  been  killed  while  intoxicated.  Drunk- 
enness will  continue  among  the  Indians,  in  spite  of  the  strongest  eftort-s  of  agents  and 
Indian  police,  until  Congress  amends  the  law  by  adding,  not  less  than  three  month.s' 
imprisonment  and  not  less  than  §50  fine. 

The  agent  of  the  Mission  Indians  says: 

But  for  the  leniency  of  the  courts  in  dealing  Avith  offenders  who  have  been  dc- 
t-ected  and  arrested  for  carrying  on  this  trafiic  amoug  them,  barter  results  might  be 
reporied. 

In  view  of  these  statements,  and  others  on  file  in  this  office,  I  recom- 
mend that  section  2139  of  the  Kevised  Statutes  be  so  amended  that 
the  punishment  for  the  first  oifense  shall  be  imprisonment  for  not  less 
than  one  year,  and  a  fine  of  not  Ufis  than  8100;  and  that  for  the  second 
and  subsequent  violations  of  hiAV  the  i)enalty.  shall  be  imprisonment  for 
three  years.  1  deem  this  amendment  absolutely  essential,  as  undt'r  the 
present  law  fixing  a  maximum,  but  not  a  minimum  i^enalty,  the  law  is 
practicall.v  of  little  value,  the  punishment,  in  some  cases,  being  a  fine 
of  ten  dollars  trnd  imprisonment  for  one  day,  and  this,  too,  after  the 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     625 

payment  of  many  dollars  in  witness  fees.  The  penalty  should  be  com- 
mensurate with  the  crime. 

Section  2139  provides  that  "Every  person  [cjcccpt  au  Indian  in  the 
Indian  councryy^  shall  be  liable  to  punishment  for  sale  of  licpior  to  In- 
dians, &c.  A  bill  (li.  R.  oPt2)  introduced  bj'  Kepresentative  Haskell 
at  the  last  session  of  Congress  proposes  to  amend  the  section  by  strik- 
ing out  the  woids  "except  an  Indian  in  the  Indian  country."  I  hope 
this  legisUxtion  also  will  be  secured. 

One  other  amendment  is,  in  my  judgment,  necessary.  The  War  De- 
partment is  authorized'  to  introduce  liquor  into  the  Indian  country. 
This  should  not  be.  Fire  should  not  be  permitted  near  a  powder- 
magazine,  nor  whisky  near  an  Indian  reservation.  Army  whisky  is  no 
better  than  other  whisky;  it  does  nut  appear  that  its  ettocts  are  any 
more  desirable.  An  Indian  will  as  surely  get  drunk  on  army  liquors 
as  on  those  obtained  from  less  highly  favored  citizens  of  the  country. 
I  recommend,  therefore,  that  such  portions  of  sections  2131)  and  2140 
as  authorize  the  War  Department,  or  Army  otlicers,  to  introduce  li(iuor 
into  the  Indian  country  be  repealed. 

Notwithstanding  the  disadvantages  under  which  agents  labor  on  ac- 
count of  inadequate  and  defective  law,  and  the  leniency  and  inditfcrence 
with  which  it  is  administered,  they  have  made  strenous  efforts  during 
the  year  to  repress  tlie  sale  of  liquor  to  Indians  by  the  prosecution  of 
whisky  sellers,  and  have  been  fairly  successful.  Through  the  eftbrts  of 
30  different  agents,  13G  cases  have  been  prosecuted;  10  failed  of  convic- 
tion, 36  are  still  pending,  one  foi'feited  his  bail  bond,  1!>  were  i)unished 
by  fine,  30  by  im])iisoument,  and  31  by  imprisonment  and  line.  The 
fines  varied  from  $1  to  $12r>,  and  the  terms  of  imi)risoumcnt  in  jails, 
houses  of  correction,  and  penitentiaries,  from  one  da>  to  3  years  and  a, 
half.  Only  7  were  imprisoned  for  a  year  or  over,  and  the  average  term 
of  the  others  was  i)>^  days.     The  average  line  was  $32. 

The  tendency  of  the  law  to  bear  theliardest  on  the  weakest  party  was 
well  exemi)li(ic'(l  among  the  Indians  of  the  State  of  Xew  York,  where  3 
white  men  were  fined  •'52(),  $30,  and  87.5,  respectively,  for  selling  licpior 
to  Indians;  and  for  the  same  oflense  an  Indian  was  sentenced  to  30 
days  in  prison  and  a  fine  of  $100.  A  table  showing  prosecutions  and 
penalties  in  detail,  will  be  found  on  page  37.5,  herewith. 

Much  larger  results  could  have  been  secured  if  the  olticehad  funds  at 
its  command  to  cover  the  expense  of  detecting  liquoi-  selling,  making 
arrests,  sending  witnesses  to  court,  «S:c.  For  this  purpose  I  urged  last 
year  an  ap])roi)riation  of  $3,000,  wliicii  was  granted  in  the  Douse  but 
failed  in  tlie  Senate.  Whatever  dillerence  of  opinion  may  exist  as  to 
the  use  of  wliisky  by  wliite  men,  there  is  but  one  opinion  as  to  the  mis- 
chief and  danger  of  its  use  by  Indians,  and  1  can  see  no  reason  why  the 
small  amount  asked  sliould  not  have  been  granted.  1  trust  that  Con- 
gress at  its  next  session  will  show  sonu^  interest  in  the  matter,  and  some 
readiness  to  assist  the  ofQce  in  its  single-handed  light  against  this  evil. 

LEGISLATION  REQUIRED. 

Intruders  on  Indian  lands. — In  my  last  annual  report  I  drew  atten- 
tion to  the  insuflieiency  of  existing  lav's  on  this  suWjet't.  On  the  20th  of 
March  last,  the  draugiit  of  a  bill  for  the  more  adecpiate  prevention  of 
tres[>-isses  on  Indian  lainls,  previously  prejjared  in  thisoffiee,  was  tians- 
mitted  by  the,  Picsident  to  Congress  for  consideration  (House  Ex.  Doc. 
iJo.  145,  47th  Coug.,  Istsess.) 
40  Ab 


626  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

This  bill  reads  as  follows : 

Be  it  enacted  b;f  the  Senate  and  Hauae  of  Representatives  of  ihs  United  States  of  America 
in  Congress  assembled,  That  section  twenty-one  hundred  and  forty-eight  of  the  Revised 
Statutes  of  tlio  United  States  be  amended  to  read  as  follows,  namely : 

"Every  person  who  without  authority  of  law  enters  and  shall  be  found  upon^any 
Indian  lands,  tribal  reservation,  or  lands  specially  set  apart  for  Indian  jjurposes,  shall, 
for  the  first  offense,  upon  conviction  thereof,  pay  a  fine  of  not  more  than  five  hundred 
dollars,  and  be  in)i>risoncd  at  hard  labor  for  not  more  than  one  year;  and  for  every 
subsequent  offense,  shall,  upon  conviction  thereof,  pay  a  fine  of  not  more  than  one 
thousand  dollars,  and  not  less  than  five  hundred  dollars,  and  be  imprisoned  at  hard 
labor  for  not  more  than  two  years,  nor  less  than  oije  year ;  and  the  wagons,  teams  and 
outfit  of  such  person  or  persons  so  offending  shall  be  seized  and  rlelivered  to  the 
proper  United  States  officer,  and  be  proceeded  against  by  libel  in  the  proper  court 
and  forfeited,  one-half  to  the  informer  and  the  other  half  to  the  United  States,  and  in 
all  cases  arising  underthis  act,  Indians  shall  be  competent  witnesses  :  Provided,  however, 
That  the  provisions  of  this  section  shall  not  apply  to  emigrants  or  travelers  peaceably 
passing  through  such  Indian  lands,  tribal  reservations,  or  lands  especially  set  apart 
for  Indian  purposes,  without  committing  any  willful  trespass  or  injury  to  person  or 
property." 

I  greatly  regret  tliat  Congress  took  no  action  in  this  matter.  The 
urgent  necessity  for  an  amendment  of  the  law  is  again  apparent  in  the 
attempted  settlement  in  the  Indian  Territory  by  the  so-called  "Okla- 
homa Colony,"  under  the  leadership  of  D.  L.  Payne,  which  has  twice 
been  repeated  during  the  past  year;  first  in  May  last,  when  Payne  with 
a  party  of  followers  was  arrested  in  the  Indian  Territory  by  the  military, 
and  afterwards  released  on  the  Kansas  border;  and  more  recently,  in 
the  latter  part  of  August,  when,  with  a  party  consisting  of  seven  men 
and  two  women,  and  aA  outfit  of  wagons,  horses,  &c.,he  was  again  capt- 
ured by  the  troops  whilst  endeavoring  to  effect  a  settlement  at  Okla- 
homa. Upon  this  last  occasion,  refusing  to  go  out  of  the  Territory 
peacefully,  the  party  were  disarmed  and  taken  to  Fort  Reno  as  prisoners. 
Upon  the  recommendation  of  this  department,  they  were  turned  over 
by  the  military  to  the  United  States  civil  authorities  at  Fort  Smith, 
Ark.,  by  whom,  it  is  reported,  they  have  since  been  released  to  appear 
at  the  November  term  of  the  United  States  court  for  the  western 
district  of  Arkansas,  to  answer  to  civil  suits  for  the  recovery  of  the 
prescribed  penalty  of  $1,000,  which  is  the  only  redress  the  existing  law 
provides.  The  result  will  probably  be  judgments  against  them  by  de- 
fault, which  will  be  and  remain  uncollectible. 

It  is  surely  time  that  this  farce  which  has  now  been  going  on  for  three 
years  or  more,  should  cease.  If  Congress  will  give  us  a  law  (such  as 
has  been  laid  before  it)  providing  for  imprisonment  in  addition  to  fine, 
for  each  offense,  these  periodical  invasions  will  be  less  frequent,  if  not 
altogether  stopped,  and  probably  much  distress  will  be  avoided  to  in- 
nocent parties  who  have  been  deluded  by  vague  promises  held  out  to 
them. 

Timber  depredations  on  Indian  lands. — The  necessity  for  legislation  to 
protect  the  timber  on  Indian  lands  has  been  repeatedly  and  forcibly 
urged  in  prior  annual  reports  of  this  office.  In  my  last  report  I  adverted 
to  the  wholesale  destruction  of  timber  in  the  Indian  Territory,  and  the 
disastrous  climatic  effects  which  it  is  apprehended  will  ensue  unless  the 
evil  is  arrested. 

At  the  last  session  of  Congress  a  bill  (S,  1646),  prepared  in  this  office, 
extending  the  provisions  of  section  5388  of  the  Revised  Statut«»s  of  the 
United  States  for  the  protection  and  preservation  of  timber  to  Indian 
lands,  passed  in  the  Senate,  but  was  never  reached  in  the  House.  It  is 
hoped  that  Congress  will  take  up  this  bill  at  an  early  date. 

Laws  for  India7is. — For  years  past  urgent  appeals  have  been  made  by 
this  office  for  such  legislation  as  wiU  insure  a  proper  government  of  the 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     627 

Indians,  by  providinfj  tlmt  tlie  criminal  laws  of  the  United  States  shall 
be  in  force  on  Indian  reservations,  and  shall  apply  to  all  offenses,  in- 
cluding those  of  Indians  against  Indians;  and  by  extending  the  juris- 
diction of  the  United  States  courts  to  enforce  tlie  same  ;  in  short  to  make 
an  Indian  as  amenable  to  law  as  any  other  subject  of  the  United  States. 
From  time  to  time  various  measures  looking  U)  this  end  have  been  in- 
troduced in  Congress;  l)ut  from  some  cause  or  other — lack  of  time  or  of 
proper  appreciation  of  the  inii)ortance  of  the  subject — they  have  invari- 
ably fallen  throngh,  so  that  to-day  the  only  statutes  under  which  In- 
dians are  managed  and  controlled  are  substantially  those  created  in  1834, 
known  as  the  trade  and  intercourse  laws,  whose  main  purjjose  was  to 
regulate  tratlic  in  furs  and  prevent  saleof  amnumition  and  intoxicating 
drinks  and  intrusion  upon  an  Indian  reservation.  As  civilization  ad- 
vances and  the  Indian  is  thrown  into  contact  with  white  settlers  the 
authority  of  the  chiefs  proportionately  decreases.  It  is  manifest  that 
some  provision  of  law  should  be  made  to  supply  this  deficiency  and  pro- 
tect Indians  in  their  individual  rights  of  person  and  property.  At  the 
same  time,  the  Indian  should  be  given  to  understand  that  no  ancient 
custom,  or  tribal  regulation,  will  shield  him  from  just  punishment  for 
crime. 

The  imi)ortance  of  this  subject  has  been  so  frequently  enlarged  upon 
in  the  annual  reports  of  this  office  for  years  past  that  it  seems  almost 
sui)ertiuous  to  add  more ;  but  at  the  risk  of  being  considered  prolix  I 
herewith  append  an  extract  from  a  letter  on  file  in  this  office  from  Agent 
Wilbur,  of  the  Yakima  Agency,  Washington  Territory,  an  officer  of  over 
sixteen  3-ears'  experience  with  the  Indians.  Under  date  of  March  10 
last,  he  sa^'s: 

Another,  and  at  tliis  agency,  perhaps,  eqnally  impoi-tant  matter,  is  the  extension  of 
the  Ujiited  States  law  over  the  reservation.  Possibly  the  situation  here  has  brought 
this  matter  more  forcibly  to  my  attention  than  to  most  agents.  Just  off  tlie  reserva- 
tion, on  one  side,  is  Yakima  City,  and  on  the  other  Goldendale,  and  our  Indians  are 
often  there  for  ])urposeH  of  trade.  When  there  they  find  themselves  subject  to  a  law 
dilferent  from  that  on  the  reservation;  a  law  prompt  and  swift  to  punish,  but  power- 
less to  protect  them.  They  witness  its  administration,  and  place  a  far  higher  value 
on  it  than  on  the  decisions  of  their  councils,  and  cases  have  occurred  where  Indians, 
thinking  themselves  a^tgrieved  by  the  adverse  decision  of  their  councils,  have  watched 
their  opportunity,  and,  when  their  adversary  happened  iu  town,  have  procured  a  re- 
trial of  the  case  before  the  justice  of  the  jjeace.  It  does  not  affect  the  case  that  the 
original  decision  was  affirmed.  The  fact  illustrates  the  higher  value  placed  on  the 
Unrted  States  law,  and  the  desire  of  the  Indians  to  bo  judged  by  it.  Some  of  the  more 
unworthy  Indians  claim  to  have  taken  out  "citizen  papers,"  pay  taxes,  work  the 
county  roads,  and,  boasting  that  they  are  no  longer  under  the  jurisdiction  of  the  agent 
or  council,  give  themselves  up  to  all  manner  of  license,  and  before  the  police  can  reach 
and  arrest  ihem  are  across  the  line,  and  defy  all  reservation  authority.  It  is  plain 
that  these  things  must  be  utterly  destructive  of  all  authority  of  the  agent  or  council, 
and  e(|nally  ])l;iin  that  such  a  state  of  affairs  cannot  iinuh  longer  continue. 

Either  all  Indians  should  be  pl;iced  under  the  sole  jurisdiction  of  the  agent  and  the 
council,  or  all  should  be  brought  eqiially  under  the  operation  of  United  States  law. 
On  this  point,  othcers  of  the  law,  citizens,  agent,  and  Indians  are  agreed,  and  it  is 
strange  that  so  obviously  proper  and  neceaaary  a  measure  has  not  loug  since  been 
adopted. 

Criminals  and  paupers  have  always  existed^  and  I  know  no  reason  why  the  Indian 
should  not  be  cxpecteil  to  furnish  Ins  proportion  of  these  classes;  but  I  do  claim  that 
when  satisfied  that  etiually  with  the  white  man  he  is  secure  in  the  possession  of  his 
home,  and  that  the  same  law  that  judges  and  protects  the  white  man  throws  its  broad 
shield  over  him  also,  he  will  furnish  no  more  than  his  proportion. 

At  the  last  session  of  Congress,  Uon.  E.  Willits  introduced  a  bill  (IT. 
K.  755)  "to  extend  tlie  jurisdiction  of  the  district  and  circuit  courts  of 
the  United  States,  for  tlu'  punishment  of  crimes  on  Indian  reservations 
within  the  limits  of  any  State  or  organized  Territory,  and  for  other  pur- 
poses," which  was  referred  to  the  Committee  ou  the  Judiciary;  but  uo 
further  action  appears  to  have  been  taken. 


6*28  PxiPKK.S   ACCOMPANYING   TIIK 

I  aj^ain  respectfully  reeonimeTid  that  the  attention  of  Congress  be 
called  to  the  subject,  with  a  view  to  such  legislation  as  it  may  deem 
expedient. 

In  ref2:avd  to  the  Indian  Territory  proper,  a  hill  (S.  181)  to  transfer 
the  jurindiclion  from  the  westei'ii  district  of  Arkansas  and  to  establish 
a  United  States  court  in  the  Territory  at  Muscogee,  Creek  ifation,  is 
now  x^ending  before  Congress. 

BOUNDARY  BETWEEN  TBXAfe   AND  THE  INDIAN  TERRITORY.      ' 

A  bill  (H.  R.  1715)  is  now  before  Congress  seeking  to  establish  the 
North  Fork  of  the  Ked  Kiver  as  the  true  boundary  line  between  the 
Indian  Territory  and  the  State  of  Texas,  instead  of  the  South  Fork  or 
main  branch,  otherwise  called  the  Prairie  Dog  Town  Fork  of  the  Ked 
Eiver.  The  tract  of  country  in  dispute  is  about  Gf)  miles  long  and  40 
miles  wide,  probably  over  2,000  square  miles,  and  contains  a  large 
quantity  of  valuable  land.  The  history  of  the  question  in  disi)ute  be- 
tween the  United  States  and  the  State  of  Texas,  which  has  been  agitated 
for  several  years,  will  be  found  in  a  recent  report  of  the  Committee  on 
the  Judiciary,  to  w^hom  said  bill  was  referred.  (See  House  Report  Xo. 
1282,  Forty-seventh  Congress,  first  session.)  This  report  concludes  as 
follows :  ; 

After  a  careful  review  of  the  facts  in  the  case,  for  tho  question  as  to  which  prong 
of  the  river  is  the  true  riVer  is  really  a  question  of  fact,  your  committee  is  decidedly 
of  the  oi)inion  that  the  South  Fork  is  the  true  boundary,  and  that  therefore  tho  claim 
of  the  State  of  Texas  is  unwarranted.     *     »     *     *     » 

If  the  data  given  in  these  reports  are  correct,  there  would  seem  to  be  no  doubt  of 
the  claim  of  the  United  States  to  the  tract  in  dispute,  and  therefore  your  committee 
report  adversely  to  the  bill  referred  to  it. 

But  inasmuch  as  the  claim  is  disputed,  and  that  with  the  earnestness  of  belief  on 
the  part  of  Texas,  and  inasmuch  as  none  of  the  surveys  referred  to  have  been  made 
with  the  privity  of  the  State  of  Texas,  the  ioiut  commission  appointed  liaving  faik'd 
to  act  in  concert,  your  committee  is  of  the  opinion  that  that  State  should  have  a 
hearing  in  the  matter,  and  should  have  an  opportunity  to  co  operate  with  the  United 
States  in  settling  the  facts  upon  which  the  questiou  in  dispute  rests.  A  substitute  is 
reported  for  the  aiipointment  of  a  joint  commission,  the  passage  of  which  is  recom- 
mended. 

In  view  of  the  complications  which  are  already  threatened  through 
persons  claiming  to  exercise  rights  on  the  disputed  tract  under  the 
jurisdiction  of  the  State  of  Texas,  as  also  the  great  influx  of  cattle 
lierds  thereon,  it  is  important  that  this  question  should  be  definitely' 
settled  by  Congress  at  an  early  date. 

"INDIAN   COUNTRY." 

During  the  last  session  of  Congress  the  ineaniug  of  the  words  "In- 
dian Country,"  as  used  in  the  Revised  Statutes  and  other  laws  of  the 
United  States,  was  made  a  subject  of  inquiry  by  the  Senate  Committee 
on  the  Revision  of  the  Laws.  The  attention  of  the  Senate  was  called  to 
the  matter  by  a  letter  from  Judge  McCrary,  addressed  to  Hon.  G.  F. 
Hoar,  United  States  Senator,  in  which  he  stated  that  he  had  recently 
had  occasion  to  decide  that  section  1  of  the  act  of  June  30, 1834,  known 
as  the  "trade  and  intercourse  act"  (4  Stat.,  729),  was  repealed  by  the 
Revised  Statutes,  and  that  if  he  was  correct  in  this  ruling  there  was  no 
act  of  Cougress  in  force  defining  the  meaning  of  the  words  "Indian 
Country,"  or  the  locality  or  boundaries  of  the  "Indian  Country."  The 
committee  concurred  with  Judge  McCrary,  and  requested  the  \iews  of 
the  department  and  the  preparation  of  a  bill  drawn  to  meet  the  require- 
ments of  the  public  service. 


KEPOKT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     629 

A  report  was  i)repared  by  tliis  otiice  reciting  the  various  acts  of  Con- 
gress relating-  to  the  "Indian  Country,"  and  tbe  decisions  of  the  courts 
tliereon.  Tbe  conclusioii  readied  in  tlie  report  M'as  in  accord  with  the 
decision  rendered  by  Judge  Hillyer,  of  tbe  United  States  district  court 
of  Xeva(bi,  in  tbe  case  of  tbe  United  States  rs.  Leathers  (G  Sawyer,  17), 
in  which  he  held  tbat  section  1  of  the  intercourse  law  of  1834  was  re- 
pealed by  the  lievised  Statutes,  and  that  the  words  "Indian  Country" 
referred  to  the  portions  of  the  public  land  allotted  to  the  use  and  occu- 
])ation  of  the  Indians.  There  seemed,  therefore,  to  be  no  occasion  to 
anticipate  the  difiQculties  feared  by  Judge  McCrary. 

A  bill  was  prepared,  however,  for  the  use  of  the  committee,  if  they  re- 
garded any  legislation  as  necessary,  which  provided  that — 

Tlie  words  "Indian  Country,"  as  used  in  chapter  four  of  title  twenty-elgbt  of  the 
Revised  Statutes  and  other  laws  of  the  United  States,  shall  be  construed  to  apply  to 
and  include  the  following  classes  of  Indian  reservations,  viz:  Lands  to  which  the 
original  Indian  title  has  never  been  extinguished,  but  which  have  not  been  specifically 
reserved  by  treaty,  act  of  Congress,  or  otherwise,  for  the  use  of  the  Indians;  lands  ex- 
pressly reserved  by  treaty  or  act  of  Congress,  or  set  ajiart  for  iho  use  of  the  Indians  by 
executive  order  of  the  President  of  the  United  States ;  lauds  i)atented  to  Indian  tribes; 
and  lands  which  have  been  purchased  by  or  ceded  to  the  United  States  for  the  pur- 
pose of  settling  friendly  Indians  thereon. 

This  bill  was  favorably  reported  by  the  committee  as  Senate  bill  2100, 
with  the  following  words  stricken  c^it:  "lands  to  which  the  original 
Indian  title  has  never  been  extinguished,  but  which  have  not  been 
specifically  reserved  by  treaty,  act  of  Congress,  or  otherwise,  for  the  use 
of  the  Indians,  or  for  other  purposes,"  for  the  reason,  as  stated  in  the 
report,  that  they  believe  that  there  are  no  such  lands  in  the  United 
States.  (See  Senate  Report  ^o.  773,  Forty-seventh  Congress,  first  ses- 
sion.) This  clause  was  intended  to  cover  the  lands  in  Dakota  occupied 
and  claimed  by  the  Turtle  Mountain  band  of  Cbippewas.  i!so  further 
action  appears  to  have  been  taken  upon  the  subject. 

RIGHT   OF  WAY  FOR  RAILROADS  THROUGH  INDIAN  RESERVATIONS. 

Arizona  Southern  Railroad — Fapago  Reserve,  Arizoyia. — On  the  21st 
April  last,  tbe  Arizona  Southern  llailroad  Company,  engaged  in  build- 
ing a  line  of  railroad  from  Tu{;son,  Arizona,  to  the  Mexican  border  line, 
some  ten  miles  south  of  Calabaz,  made  an  informal  agreement  with 
Chief  Ascension  Kios,  on  behalf  of  the  Papago  Indians,  for  a  right  of 
way  200  feet  wide  front  north  to  south  through  tbe  Papago  Ileserve, 
covering  a  distance  of  about  eight  miles.  For  this  concession  the  com- 
pany agreed  to  erect,  witliin  the  reservatioii  for  tbe  use  of  the  Indians, 
a  school  bouse  of  adobe,  to  cost  $3,000.  Ui)on  submission  of  this  agree- 
ment to  the  department,  you  directed  tbat,  since  the  reservation  was 
created  by  Executive  order,  an«l  hence  was  excepted  from  the  i)rovisions 
of  tbe  right-of-way  act  of  March  3,  1875,  the  company  should  first  obtain 
the  tiuthority  of  Congress  for  a  right  of  way  before  taking  any  further 
action  in  the  matter. 

By  act  of  Congress  ni)i)roved  August  5,  1882,  a  right  of  way  not  ex- 
ceeding 200  feet  in  width  through  the  Papngo  Indian  Reservation  was 
granted  to  the  Arizona  Southern  Railroad  Company,  according  to  tbe 
plans  of  route  and  survey  of  the  said  company,  now  on  file  in  this  de- 
partment and  approved  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  subject  to  the 
consent  of  the  Indians  occupying  said  reservation  and  to  the  payment 
by  said  railroad  company  to  the  Secretary  of  tbe  Interior  of  such  com- 
jKMisation  as  may  be  lixrd  by  him,  to  be  expemb'd  by  him  for  the  benefit 
ojt'  tbe  said  Indiatis.  Measures  are  now  being  taken  to  carry  out  the 
pto visions  of  the  act. 


630  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING  THE 

Denver  and  Jiio  Grande  Railroad —  Ute  Reserve  in  Colorado. — On  May 
12,  1880,  in  accordance,  Avitli  tbo  provisions  of  the  treaty  of  March  2, 
1808,  with  the  Ute  Indians  in  Colorado,  the  President  issued  his  i)roclar 
matioii  authorizing'  the  Denver  and  Kio  Grande  Eailroad  Company  to 
construct  its  line  of  railroad,  with  extensions  and  branches  thereof, 
through  the  Ute  Ileservation.  On  April  22,  1881,  information  having 
reached  tliis  oilice  that  the  Indians  were  becoming  restive  at  the  pres- 
ence of  the  working  force  of  the  railroad,  and  had  threatened  to  stop 
the  work  until  compensation  was  made  to  them  for  the  lands  taken,  I 
reported  the  facts  to  the  department,  and  on  May  3,  following,  the 
president  of  tlie  company  was  notified  by  your  predecessor  to  stop  the 
construction  of  the  road  until  the  consent  of  the  Indians  had  been  ob- 
tained and  proper  compensation  made  to  them.  No  attention  was  paid 
by  the  company  to  this  notice.  The  road  has  been  constructed  and  is 
now  in  operation,  and  the  question  of  compensation  still  remains  open. 

In  his  annual  report  to  the  President  your  predecessor  held  that  the 
Indians  were  entitled  to  compensation  for  the  occupancy  of  their  lands 
by  the  company,  and  recommended  that  suitable  action  be  taken  by 
Congress  looking  to  an  adjustment  of  the  rights  of  the  respective  par- 
ties. (See  annual  report  of  Secretary  of  Interior  for  1881,  p.  X.)  No 
action,  however,  appears  to  have  been  taken  by  Congress  in  the  matter. 

In  view  of  the  provisions  of  tlie  act  of  Congress  of  June  15,  1880 
(21  Stat.,  199),  ratifying  the  agreement  made  with  the  Utes  for  the  sale 
of  their  reservation ;  their  subsequent  removal,  and  the  provisions  of 
the  act  passed  at  the  last  session,  approved  July  28, 1882,  declaring  all 
that  portion  of  the  Ute  Eeservation  lately  occupied  by  the  Uncom- 
pahgre  and  White  Eiver  Utes  to  be  public  lands  of  the  United  States, 
and  subject  to  disposal  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  section  3 
of  the  said  act  of  June  15,  1880,  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  for  your 
consideration  what  action,  if  any,  shall  now  be  taken  in  the  premises. 

Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  Saint  Paul  Raihcay — Sionx  Reserve  in  Da- 
kota.— Since  the  preparation  of  my  last  Annual  Eeport,  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  and  Saint  Paul  Eailway  Company  has  paid  into  this  de- 
partment, for  the  use  of  the  Sioux  Indians,  the  sum  of  $13,911,  partial 
payment  for  right  of  way,  depot  and  station  grounds,  required  for  the 
purposes  of  the  road  upon  the  Great  Sioux  Eeserve,  west  of  the  ]\[issouri 
Eiver,  in  accordance  with  the  terms  of  the  agreement  of  November  2, 
1880,  and  has  been  authorized  to  proceed  Avith  the  construction  of  the 
road.  The  balance  of  the  consideration  money  agreed  to  be  paid  for  the 
right  of  way  is  payable  after  the  company  shall  have  constructed  100 
miles  of  road  upon  the  reserve. 

The  company  has  also  definitely  located  the  section  of  640  acres  re- 
quired for  depot  purj)oses,  on  the  west  bank  of  the  ]\Iissouri  Eiver,  in- 
cluded in  the  above-mentioned  purchase.  By  supplemental  agreement 
of  November  10,  1880,  the  company  agreed  to  pay  for  all  improvements 
of  individual  Lower  Brul6  Indians  falling  within  the  limits  of  said  sec- 
tion sucli  amount  of  compensation  as  may  be  awarded  by  a  commission 
to  be  appointed  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior.  Steps  are  now  being 
taken  to  perfect  the  list  of  Indians  who  are  entitled  under  this  agree- 
ment, with  a  view  to  an  adjustment  of  damages  in  manner  provided. 

This  company  has  also  definitely  located  a  tract  of  188  acres  for  dei)ot 
purposes,  &c.,  on  the  Crow  Creek  Eeserve,  east  of  the  Missouri  Eiver,  as 
provided  for  by  the  agreement  of  November  13, 1880.  It  has  also  tiled 
a  map  of  its  road  as  constructed  througli  the  Crow  Creek  Eeserve,  under 
the  terms  of  said  agreement.  The  total  consideration  money  payable 
in  resi)ect  of  laud  so  taken  on  the  Crow  Creek  Eeserve  is  $1,424.76, 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     631 

which  the  company  is  ready  to  pay.  The  maps  are  now  before  the  de- 
partment for  approval. 

Dakota  Central  Raila-ai/ — Sioux  Reserve  in  Vahota. — Tlie  Dakota  Cen- 
tral Eailway  Company  lias  dcliiiitely  located  the  .section  of  land  at  Fort 
Pierre,  on  the  west  side  (»f  the  ^Nlissonri  Jiiver,  j;ranted  nndcr  the  a^^ree- 
ment  with  the  Sionx  Indians  June  12,  1880,  and  has  i)aid  into  the  de- 
I)artment,  for  the  u.se  of  said  Indian.s,  tin*  sum  of  .■i:;3,liO(),  as  consideration 
money  therefor.  It  has  also  ]»aid  to  the  <lei)artment  the  sum  of  $.'575 
for  the  ri^ht  of  way  thron{,di  the  Old  Winnebajio  Iteserve,  east  of  the 
river,  granted  by  the  a<rreement  of  Decembi'r  .Jl,  1880.  I  am  not  ad- 
vised what  proj^ress  has  been  made  in  the  construction  of  this  road. 

Idaho,  Clear  M^'ater  and  Montana  Transportation  Company — Nez  I'ercS 
Reserve,  Idaho.— On  the  27th  January  last,  Agent  Warner,  in  charge  of 
the  Nez  Perc^  Intlians,  transmitted  to  this  ottice  a  i)etition  of  the  Idaho, 
Clear  Water  and  Montana  Trans])ortation  Company  (a  corporation 
of  the  Territory  of  Idaho,  engaged  in  the  construction  of  railroads 
from  Lewiston  east  into  Montana),  for  a  right  of  way  along  the  Clear 
Water  Kiver  and  through  the  Xez  Perc6  Keservation,  established  by 
treaty  of  June  9, 18(J3  (14  Stat.  Gol),  which  treaty  provides  for  the  estab- 
lishment of  roads  npon  that  reservation  under  authority  of  the  United 
States.  In  transmitting  the  api)lication  the  agent  stated  that  the  Indi- 
ans appeared  to  favor  the  building  of  the  road,  as  it  would  open  up  a 
good  market  for  their  farm  produce,  and  that  it  would  also  greatly 
facilitate  the  delivery  of  supplies  to  the  agency.  He  therefore  earnestly 
recommended  the  granting  of  the  petition,  subject  to  the  consent  of  the 
Indians. 

In  pursuance  of  department  instructions  of  the  8th  May  last,  Agent 
Warner  was  directed  to  convene  a  council  of  the  Indians  for  the  purpose 
of  laying  the  matter  before  them  and  obtaining  their  consent  to  a  peace- 
ful preliminary  survey  in  order  to  determine  the  definite  location  of  the 
road  upon  the' reservation,  with  the  understanding  that  before  any  con- 
struction of  the  road  could  be  commenced  the  consent  of  three-fourths 
of  the  adult  male  Indians  upon  the  reservation  would  be  necessary,  and 
that  reasonable  comi)ensatiou,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  department, 
would  be  required  from  the  company  for  the  right  of  way  and  lauds 
taken.  On  the  10th  June  last,  Agent  Warner  reported  to  this  office 
that  he  had  submitted  the  ]>roposition  to  the  Indians  in  council  as.sem- 
bled,  and  that  greatly  to  hia  suriirise  they  had  almost  unanimously 
voted  against  it.  Sidj.sequent  advices  from  the  agent  seem,  however,  to 
indicate  that  the  Indians  acted  under  a  misapprehension,  and  that  they 
will  reconsider  their  determination  this  fall. 

Utah  and  2\orthern  Railroad — Shoshone  and  Bannack  {Fort  Hall)  Re- 
serve, Idaho. — Pcference  was  made  in  my  last  annual  repoit  to  an 
agreement  which  had  been  entered  into  with  the  Shoshone  and  Bannack 
Indians  of  Idaho  for  the  extinguishnu^nt  by  the  government  of  their 
title  to  so  much  of  the  lands  of  their  reservation  as  are  recpiired  for  the 
purposes  of  the  Utah  and  Northern  Pailroad  Company  in  the  construc- 
tion of  a  road  from  east  to  west  through  the  I-'ort  Hall  Keserve.  By  this 
agreement,  which  is  dated  July  IS,  18S1,  the  Shoshone  and  Paunack 
Indians  ceded  to  the  United  States  a  strip  of  land  cxtcuiling  froin  east 
to  west  through  their  reservation,  to  be  used  by  said  railroad  compaTiy 
asarightof  way  and  road  bed,  containing  070  acns.  or  thereabouts;  also 
certain  plots  of  land  for  dc])ots.  stations,  &(•.,  containing  about  102  acres. 
For  this  cession  the  United  States  agreed  to  pay  to  the  Shoshone  and 
Bannack  Indians  $0,000,  or  about  $7.77  per  acre,  to  be  deposited  in  the 
United  States  Treasury  to  the  credit  of  said  Indians,  upon  ralilication 


632  PAPliliS   ACCOMi'ANYlNG   THE 

of  the  agreement  by  Congress  and  necessary  appropriations  therefor, 
and  to  bear  interest  at  5  i)er  ceut. 

This  agreement  was  ratified  by  act  of  Congress  approved  July  3, 1882, 
section  3  of  wliich  provides  ibr  the  grant  of  right  of  way  and  the  use  of 
the  })lots  of  hiiid  so  relim]uished  to  the  Utah  and  Northern  liailroad 
Com])any,  its  successors  and  assigns,  for  the  purposes  set  forth  in  the 
agreenient,  but  requires  the  coujpany,  as  a  condition  i)recedent  to  the 
use  of  the  hinds,  to  pay  to  the  Treasurer  of  the  United  States,  %vithiu 
ninety  days  from  the  passage  of  the  act,  the  said  sum  of  80,000  thereby 
ap])ropriated,  and  to  file  with  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  its  written 
acceptance  of  the  conditions  of  said  section.  These  requirements  have 
been  complied  with  by  the  company,  and  I  am  informed  by  the  Secre- 
tary of  the  Treasury  that  the  60,000  have  been  deposited  with  him.  The 
Utah  and  Northern  liailroad  Company  has  since  assigned  its  rights  ac- 
quired under  said  act  of  Congress  to  the  Oregon  Short  Line  Kailway 
Company. 

Atlaiitic  and  Pacific  Railroad — Indian  Territory. — Under  authority 
of  an  act  of  Congress  approved  July  27, 18GG  (14  Stat.,  292);  the  several 
treaties  negotiated  during  the  same  year  with  the  Cherokees,  Creeks, 
Choctaws  and  Chickasaws,  and  Seminoles,  providing  for  an  east  and 
■west  and  a  north  and  south  railroad  through  their  respective  countries ; 
and  the  decision  of  Hon.  Secretary  Cox,  dated  May  21,  1870,  approved 
by  the  President  May  23,  1870,  and  the  decision  of  your  immediate  pre- 
decessor in  office,  dated  March  31,  1882 ;  the  construction  of  the  At- 
lantic and  Pacific  liailroad  westward  from  Vinita,  Cherokee  Nation, 
through  the  Indian  Territory,  which  had  been  susi)ended  for  some  years 
past,  has  been  resuined. 

Under  date  of  March  27,  1882,  the  company  entered  into  an  agree- 
ment with  the  Cherokee  Nation  for  the  purchase  of  materials  required 
in  the  construction  and  repairs  of  the  road  in  the  Cherokee  country, 
under  the  provisions  of  the  Cherokee  laws  in  relation  to  such  purchases ; 
also  for  the  settlement  and  adjustment  by  the  courts  and  laws  of  said 
nation  of  all  questions  for  damages  to  property.  The  company  has  also 
filed  a  new  bond  of  same  date  in  the  sum  of  8500,600,  payable  to  the 
order  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  in  trust  for  the  several  nations 
and  tribes  of  Indians  owning  or  occupying  the  lauds  of  the  Indian  Ter- 
ritory, conditioned  for  the  faithful  performance  of  the  obligations  im- 
posed on  said  company  by  the  act  of  Congress  of  July  27,  1800,  and  in 
other  particulars  for  the  protection  of  the  Indians.  Bond  and  agree- 
ment "were  approved  in  the  deijartinent  April  3,  1882. 

The  act  of  Congress,  July  27, 1800,  authorizes  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific 
Eailroad  Company  to  construct  "a  branch  from  the  point  at  which  the 
road  strikes  tlje  Canadian  Elver  eastwardly  along  the  most  suitable 
route  as  selected,  to  a  point  on  the  western  boundary  line  of  Arkansas 
at  or  near  the  town  of  Van  Buren."  The  map  of  location  of  the  branch 
roati  from  the  point  on  the  main  line  at  which  it  strikes  the  Canadian 
Eiver,  eastwardly  to  Van  Buren  in  Arkansas,  shows  the  line  of  route  to 
be  as  follows :  From  its  junction  with  the  main  line  as  above,  down  the 
Canadian  on  its  north  side  to  where  it  empties  into  the  Arkansas  River; 
cx'ossing  the  Arkansas  and  running  down  said  river  on  its  north  side  to 
Van  Buren;  in  its  route  passing  through  country  occupied  under  Execu- 
tive ortler  by  the  Cheyenncs  and  Arapahoes,  through  the  reservation  of 
the  Pottawatomies,  and  through  the  Seminole,  Creek,  and  Cherokee 
countries.  Your  predecessor  held  that  should  the  branch  road  be  built 
on  the  line  of  location  as  laid  down  on  the  maps,  there  would  then  be 
two  east  and  west  roads  tlirough  the  Creek  and  Cherokee  country,  which 


KEPORT   OF    THE    SECliETAKY    OF   lUJi    l.NTLEIOK.  633 

would  be  in  Tiolation  of  the  treaties  witb  tliose  Indians  "which  provide 
lor  but  one  east  and  west  and  one  north  and  south  road  throu<ih  their  re- 
spective countries.  He  was  therelbre  of  o]>iuion  that  shouhl  the  branch 
.  road  be  built,  it  should  not  be  allowed  to  cross  the  country  of  the  Creeks 
or  of  the  Cherokees,  but  should  have  its  line,  so  far  as  tliose  countries 
are  concerned,  south  of  the  Canadian  and  Arkansas  Kivers. 

On  the  10th  August  last  the  Atlantic  and  Tacitic  IJailroad  Com])auy, 
through  its  general  solicitor.  General  Williamson,  api>lied  to  this  oflice, 
stating  that  the  road  had  been  coin])leted  from  Vinita,  through  the  Cher- 
okee and  Creek  country,  to  a  i)oint  near  the  Arkansas  Kiver,  which 
would  be  township  19  north,  range  lli  east,  if  the  surveys  were  extended; 
that  the  company  had  carefully  surveyed  the  line  of  main  rt)ad  so  laid 
down  on  the  map  of  definite  location,  and  finding  many  engineering  difli- 
culties  to  contend  with,  asked  permission  to  explore  the  country  south 
of  the  line  located  for  the  purpose  of  gaining  such  information  as  would 
enable  it  to  contrast  the  cost  of  constructing  and  maintaining  a  road  ou 
a  more  southern  route  with  the  cost  of  constructing  a  road  along  the 
Cimarron  Eiver,  and  with  the  ultimate  intention  of  laying  the  facts  and 
figures  before  the  department,  with  a  view  to  procuring  a  ruling  upou 
the  question  as  to  the  exact  line  upon  which  the  company  should  build 
its  road,  if  any  doubt  should  exist  as  to  where  it  might  build. 

The  request  appearing  reasonable,  permission  to  make  the  necessary 
explorations  through  the  country  designated  was  granted,  subject  to  the 
consent  of  the  Indians,  viz,  the  Greeks,  iSacs  and  Foxes,  and  Chey- 
ennes  and  Arapahoes,  through  whose  lands  the  exploring  party  would 
necessarily  ])ass,  and  General  Williamson  was  so  notified  by  office  letter 
of  August  31,  1882.  The  several  agents  for  these  Indians  were  at  the 
same  time  directed  to  consult  with  them  and  endeavor  to  procure  their 
consent  to  the  passage  of  the  company's  employes  through  their  lauds 
for  the  purposes  indicated.  The  Cheyenues  and  Arapahoes  who,  in 
November,  1881,  seriously  objected  to  the  construction  of  the  road  have 
readily  assented.  The  Creeks  and  Sac  and  Fox  Indians  have,  as  yet, 
taken  no  definite  action  in  the  matter,  but  it  is  not  api^rehended  that 
any  serious  objection  will  be  interposed. 

Saint  Louis  and  San  Francisco  Railroad — Choctaio  and  Chiclasaw 
country,  Indian  Territory. — On  the  2d  of  August,  1882,  Congress  passed  an 
act  granting  a  right  of  way  to  the  Saint  Louis  and  San  Francisco  Kail  way 
Com])any  for  a  railroad  and  telegraph  line  through  the  laiuls  of  the 
Choctaw  and  Chickasaw  Nations  of  Indians  in  the  Iiuiiau  Territory, 
commencing  at  a  itoint  to  be  selected  by  the  company  on  the  line  of  the 
Choctaw  Naticn,  immediately  contiguous  to  Sebastian  or  Scott  Counties, 
in  the  State  of  Arkansas,  and  running  thence  in  a  southwesterly  direc- 
tion on  the  most  direct  and  practicable  route  through  the  lands  of  the 
Choctaw  and  (Jliickasaw  Kations  in  the  diiection  of  Paris,  in  tlie  State 
of  Texas,  and  to  contiiuie  to  or  connect  with  a  [jroposed  road  from  the 
city  of  Paris  afoiJ'said.  This  grant  is  m;idc  subject  to  the  condition 
that  the  said  railway  company  shall  pay  quarter-anriually  to  the  national 
treasurers  of  said  nations,  every  year  during  the  existence  of  the  rights 
and  ]>rivileges  granted,  to  be  usi-d  for  the  benefit  of  schools  therein, 
the  sum  of  STjO,  in  the  proixution  of  one-fourth  to  the  Chickasaws  and 
three-fouiths  to  the  Choctaws,  with  a  proviso  that  if  the  general  coun- 
cils of  said  nations,  or  either  of  them,  shall,  within  sixty  thiys  after  the 
passage  of  the  act,  by  resolution  duly  adopted,  dissent  from  the  allow- 
ance provided  for,  and  shall  re])ort  the  same  to  the  Secretary  of  the 
Interior,  then  the  compensation  to  be  paid  for  the  uses  and  grants  in  the 


634  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

act  made  for  such  dissenting  tribes  shall  be  determined  by  appraisers 
to  be  appointed  as  in  said  a<5t  mentioned. 

The  act,  wliieii  is  quite  lengthy,  provides  for  the  cojnpletion  of  the 
road  and  tclegiaidi  within  two  years  from  the  date  of  acceptance  by  the 
company.  It  also  contains  various  clauses  and  stipulations  for  the  pro- 
tection of  the  Indians,  and  declares  that  failing  certain  conditions  therein 
prescribed,  the  said  company  shall  forfeit  all  rights  thereunder,  which, 
upon  declaration  and  consent  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  shall  inure 
to  the  Chicago,  Texas  and  Mexican  Central  Eailway  Company  upon 
like  conditions  as  in  said  act  mentioned;  and  upon  its  failure  to  comply 
therewith,  then  the  privileges  granted  to  the  Saint  Louis  and  San  Fran- 
cisco Eailway  Company  shall  apply  to  any  other  incorporated  comjiany 
that  shall  have  first  obtained  the  approval  of  the  President  of  the  United 
States. 

Northern  Pacific  Railroad — Crmo  Reserve,  Montana. — By  an  agreement 
dated  August  22,  1881  (also  referred  to  in  my  last  annual  report),  the 
Crow  Indians  surrendered  to  the  United  States  all  their  right,  title,  and 
interest  in  and  to  a  strip  of  land  400  feet  wide,  extending  from  east  to 
west  across  their  reservation,  containing  about  5,384  acres,  to  be  used  by 
the  Northern  Pacific  Eailroad  Company  as  a  right  of  way  and  road  bed; 
also  certain  plots  of  land,  aggregating  266  acres  or  thereabouts,  for  depot 
and  station  purposes.  For  the  lauds  so  relinquished  the  United  States 
agreed  to  pay  to  the  Crow  Indians  $25,000,  to  be  deposited  in  the  United 
States  Treasury  to  the  credit  of  said  Indians  upon  ratification  of  the 
agreement  by  Congress  and  necessary  appropriation  therefor,  to  be  ex- 
pended for  the  benefit  of  the  Indians  in  such  manner  as  the  Secretary  of 
the  Interior  may  direct. 

This  agreement  was  ratified  by  act  of  Congress  approred  July  10, 
1882,  section  3  of  which  provides  for  the  grant  of  the  right  of  way,  and 
the  use  of  the  plots  of  land  so  relinquished,  to  the  Northern  Pacific 
Eailroad  Company,  its  successors  and  assigns,  for  the  uses  and  purposes 
mentioned  in  said  agreement,  but  requires  the  company,  as  a  condition  pre- 
cedent to  the  user  of  the  lands,  to  pay  to  the  Treasurer  of  the  United 
States,within  60  days  from  thei^assage  of  the  said  act,  the  sum  of  $25,000, 
thereby  appropriated,  and  to  file  with  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  its  writ- 
ten acceptance  of  the  conditions  of  said  section.  The  acceptance  above 
required  has  been  filed  in  this  oflice,  but  I  have  no  information  as  to  the 
payment  of  the  $25,000. 

Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  JocTco  {Flathead)  Reserve,  Montana. — The 
Northern  Pacmc  Railroad  Company  having  applied  for  a  right  of  way 
through  the  Jocko  Eeserve,  in  Montana,  occupied  by  the  confederated 
tribes  of  the  Flathead,  Upper  Pend  d'Oreilles,  and  Kootenay  Indians,  un- 
der the  treaty  of  July  ]  6, 1855  (12  Stat.,  975),  Assistant  Attorney-General 
McCammon  was  detailed  by  you  on  the  22d  July  last,  to  jiroceed  to  the 
Flathead  Agency  and  negotiate  with  the  Indians,  under  the  treaty  and 
acts  of  Congress  in  that  behalf,  for  the  extinguishment  of  their  title  to 
so  much  of  the  lands  of  their  reservation  as  are  required  for  the  pur- 
poses of  the  Northern  Pacific  Eailroad  Company  for  the  construction  of 
its  road  westwardly,  through  that  reserve,  according  to  certain  plans 
filed  by  the  company  in  this  department.  Mr.  McCammon  has  not 
yet  filed  his  official  report,  but  I  am  informally  advised  by  him  that  he 
succeeded  in  negotiating  an  agreement  with  the  Indians,  by  which  the 
lands  necessary  for  a  right  of  way  200  feet  wide,  and  extending  a  dis- 
tance of  about  53  miles  across  the  reservation,  with  suitable  grounds 
for  station  ijurposes,  are  relinquished  to  the  United  States  upon  pay- 
ment of  $16,000,  this  sum  to  be  deposited  in  the  Treasury  of  the  United 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     635 

States  to  the*  credit  of  said  confederated  tribes  upon  ratification  of 
tl»e  a.irreenient  l»y  Congress,  and  to  be  ex]»cnded  for  the  benetit  of  the 
Indians  in  snch  manner  as  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  may  direct. 
Provision  is  also  made  for  tlie  ])ayment  of  $7,500  for  improvements  of 
individual  Indians  of  said  tribes  falling  within  the  boundaries  of  the 
lapds  so  relinquishe<t.  The  necessary  papers  will  be  hereafter  submit- 
ted to  you  for  transmission  to  Congress. 

Atchison  and  Kebrasl-a  Iiailroad — loica  Reserve,  Nebraska. — The  agree- 
ment of  June  18,  1881,  with  the  Iowa  Indians  of  Nebraska  for  a  new 
right  of  way  across  their  reserve  to  the  Atchison  and  ^Nebraska  Kailroad 
Company  has  been  finally  completed,  and  was  approved  by  you  on  the 
4th  of  August  last.  The  quantity  of  land  taken  by  the  company  amounts 
to  six  and  one-half  acres,  for  which  they  have  paid  at  the  rate  of  $25 
per  acre. 

Carson  and  Colorado  Eailroad — Walker  River  Reserve^  Nevada. — On 
April  13, 1880,  the  Carson  and  Colorado  Iiailroad  Company  entered  into 
an  inforuml  agreement  with  the  Pah-ute  Indians  lor  a  right  of  way  across 
the  Walker  Kiver  Keserve,  which  was  set  apart  by  Executive  order, 
March  19,  1874.  Under  a  misconception  of  therequirenu^ntsof  the  law 
in  such  cases,  but  a])parently  in  good  faith,  the  eomi)any  constructed 
its  road  upon  the  reserve  without  procuring  the  necessary  legal  authority. 
As  soon  as  the  facts  were  detinitely  ascertained  in  this  ol'iice  they  were 
reported  to  the  department  for  instructions,  and  on  the  loth  March  last 
your  predecessor  directed  that  a  formal  agreement  embodying  the  terms 
theretofore  agreed  upon  between  the  railroad  company  and  the  Indians 
should  be  obtained  and  submitted  to  the  department  for  approvaband 
transmission  to  Congress  for  ratification.  Such  agreement  was  accord- 
ingly prepared  and  executed  by  a  majority  of  the  Indians  interested 
and  the  railroad  company,  under  date  of  9th  August  last,  and  will  in  due 
course  be  submitted  for  your  a})proval,  and  ratification  at  the  next  session 
of  Congress. 

New  Mexico  and  Southern  Pacific  Railway  Company — Pueblos  of  Neto 
Mexico. — The  New  Mexico  and  Southern  Pacific  Kailway  Company,  fail- 
ing to  come  to  terms  with  the  Indians  of  the  i)ueblo  Santo  Domingo,  for 
a  rightof  way  across  theirland  grant,  and  for  lands  siifiicient  for  a  division 
station  thereon,  has  commenced  ])roceedings  in  the  Territorial  courts 
to  obtain  title  under  the  provisions  of  the  general  incorjxiration  act 
relating  to  railroads  in  the  Territory  of  New  Mexico,  February  2,  1878. 
The  Pueblo  Indians  of  New  Mexico  stand  on  a  plane  <lifferent  from  that 
of  ordinary  Indians.  They  are  not  Indian  tribes  within  the  meaning 
of  the  acts  of  Congress  prohibiting  settlement  by  any  ])erson  on  laud 
belonging,  secured,  or  granted  by  treaty  with  the  United  States  to  any 
Indian  tribe;  but  they  are  held  to  have  acomi)lete  title  to  theirlands  and 
their  rights  may  be  maintained  under  the  Teriitorial  laws  of  New  .Mexico 
(U.  S.  vs.  Joseph,  4  Otto,  014).  By  these  laws  the  several  tribes  of 
Pueblo  Indians  are  incorporated  bodies  politic  and  corporate,  with  power 
to  sue  and  be  sued  in  any  court  of  law  or  equity  in  respect  of  any  claim 
to  lands  occupied  or  claimed  contrary  to  law  by  any  person  whatsover, 
and  to  resist  any  encroachment  or  trespass  thereon. 

In  April,  188i,  comiilaint  having  been  ma<le  by  the  local  agent  that 
the  railway  com])any  had  established  a  division  station  named  ''Wal- 
lace" ujion  the  lands  (tf  the  i)ueblo  Santo  Domingo  for  the  accommoda- 
tion of  its  emi)loyes,  to  which  numerous  settlers  were  flocking,  o!»ening 
lip  trading  establislnnents,  whisky  saloons,  «S:c.,  against  the  wishes  of 
the  In<lians,  the  United  States  attorn«'y  for  the  district  of  New  Mexico 
was,  at  the  request  of  this  dcpartmenlj  directed  by  the  lion.  Attorney- 


636  PAJ'KKS  A<jco,Mi^\i\iiA<j.   jjii: 

General  to  co  operate  willi  llie  a;;ei!t  lor  the  proteetioji  of  the  Indians, 
and  to  act  as  their  iUtorney  in  cases  where  it  niiplit  b(;cdrne  necessary 
to  apply  to  the  couits  for  their  reliel",  or  where  tlieir  interests  were  in 
jeopardy.  The  Indians  Inivinj;'  ])ositively  refused  to  sell  any  portion  of 
tlieir  lands  for  a  towji  site  at  Wallace,  and  the  settlers  being  equally 
determined  to  remain,  pro('eeflin.i;s  for  their  removal  have  been  insti- 
tuted under  the  direction  of  the  United  States  attorney  as  the  attorney 
for  the  Indians.  In  like  manner  he  has  been  requested  by  the  agent  to 
protect  the  interests  of  the  Indians  in  the  proceedings  by  the  company 
to  appraise  the  "V'alue  of  tlie  lands  taken  for  right  of  way. 

PAYSrENTS  OF  CASH  ANNUITIES. 

Miamies  of  Indiana. — The  payment  of  the  principal  sum,  $221,257.86, 
which  became  due  to  these  Indians,  under  the  treaty  of  1854,  on  the  1st 
day  of  July,  1880,  and  which  w^as  provided  for  by  act  of  March  3, 1881,  as 
noted  in  my  re])ort  for  last  year,  where  I  expressed  the  hope  that  but  a 
short  time  longer  would  be  necessary  to  complete  it,  has  been  somewhat 
delayed.  As  the  work  ])rogressed  various  questions  i)resented  them- 
selves, some  of  which  could  uot  have  been  foreseen,  such  as  doubtful 
claims,  the  right  of  members  of  this  branch  of  the  tribe  who  had  been 
drawing  moneys  with  the  Western  Miamies  to  share  with  both  tribes, 
and  as  to  who  were  the  jiroper  parties  to  receive  the  shares  of  deceased 
beneficiaries.  The  procuring  of  properly-qualified  guardians  for  minors, 
the  security  required  by  the  act  being  so  large,  was  attended  with  nuich 
difficulty  and  delay  ;  and  the  claim  of  Vandeventer  &  jMcDowell,  which 
this  act  also  provided  should  be  adjusted  and  paid,  demanded  time  and 
attention  beyond  what  was  at  first  anticipated.  Thus,  much  unavoid- 
able delay  had  to  be  submitted  to,  as  no  step  could  be  taken  until  this 
ofiice  was  assured  beyond  reasonable  doubt  that  the  law  was  being 
strictly  complied  with.  Therefore  it  was  not' until  the  31st  of  January, 
1882,  that  the  first  payment  was  effected,  and  on  the  5th  of  the  follow- 
ing July,  the  date  of  last  report  from  Hon.  Calvin  Cowgill,  who  has 
charge  of  this  payment,  some  twenty  claims  still  remained  to  be  paid 
to  the  heirs  or  legal  re]>resentatives  of  persons  deceased.  These,  re- 
quiring the  action  of  the  courts,  took  moie  time,  but  I  am  now  per- 
suaded that  all  will  be  completed  in  a  few  days.  I  may  here  call  atten- 
tion to  the  faithful  manner  in  which  Agent  Cowgill  has  discharged  this 
arduous  and  resixmsible  duty.  IS^ot withstanding  the  numerous  per- 
plexing questions  involved,  and  the  well-known  readiness  of  designing 
whites  to  take  advantage  of  any  oversight  or  tiaw  in  the  dealings  of 
the  agents  of  the  government  with  the  Indians,  whereby  they  might 
hope  to  reap  some  advantage  to  themselves,  no  expression  of  dissatis- 
faction has  reached  .this  office  from  any  of  the  Miamies,  and  I  believe 
strict  justice  has  been  done. 

Although  this  mojiey  was  due  to  the  ]\Iiamies  by  treaty  on  the  1st  day 
of  July,  1880,  no  action  was  taken  toward  ])roviding  for  its  payment 
until  March  3, 1881.  The  interest,  however,  for  the  year  1881,  although 
not  provided  for  in  the  treaty,  was  paid  to  them,  and  this  was  satisfac- 
tory; but  as  th^'.  payment  of  the  principal  was  still  deferred  for  at  least 
six  months,  during  the  fiscal  year  1882,  without  fiinlt  of  theirs,  they 
consider  themselves,  through  the  precedent  of  having  been  paid  for 
1881,  and  in  equity,  entitled  to  additional  interest.  This  they  are  the 
rather  disposed  to  expect  as  they  ai)i)ear  to  have  heard  of  the  appro- 
jiriation  made  for  ])aying  them  for  tlie  full  fiscal  year  1882,  which  still 
remains  on  the  books  in  this  otfice.     It  therefore  seems  uecessar\'  that 


REPOET  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     637 

some  further  action  be  taken  in  the  case  to  finally  settle  it,  either  by 
allowing  them  a  part  of  the  money,  say  interest  for  six  months  of  the 
year  1882,  or  by  covering  the  whole  amount  back  into  tlie  Treasury. 

Winnehaf/oes. — Circumstances  have  prevented  my  fully  carryiiifc  out 
the  provisions  of  the  act  approved  January  18,  1881,  for  the  benelit  of 
these  Indians.  The  clerk  who  was  detailed  fiom  this  olUce  to  take  a 
census  of  those  in  Wisconsin  was  i)revented  through  the  interfereuce 
of  some  meddlesome  whites  from  completin<;  it  as  quickly  as  had  been 
anticipated.  No  ap])ropriation  had  been  made  to  meet  his  expenses, 
and  but  a  very  limited  amount  could  be  spared  from  the  continj;ent 
fund  of  this  department  for  that  jmriiose,  and  wlicn  this  was  exhausted, 
in  December  last,  he  was  compelled  to  al)au<lon  the  effort  to  con)i)lete 
the  census,  leaviufj  about  one-third  of  these  Indians  yet  to  be  enrolled. 

Early  in  the  following-  spring"  1  called  the  attention  of  the  department 
to  the  difficulties  in  the  case,  and  sug-gested  that  an  ai)peal  be  made  to 
Congress  for  funds  to  coin])lete  the  work,  but  no  appropriation  was 
made  for  the  purjiose.  This  is  to  be  regretted,  as  the  Indians  need  the 
money  and  are  in  most  instances  prepared  to  make  a  good  use  of  it,  and 
any  considerable  delay  may  necessitate  going"  over  much  of  the  ground 
again.  Several  parties  in  Wisconsin  have  expressed  a  desire  to  finish 
this  work,  but  I  am  of  the  opinion  that  sending-  a  comjietent  and  per- 
fectly disinterested  j)erson  to  do  it  woidd  be  most  beneficial  to  the  In- 
ilians,  by  preventing  the  possibility  of  their  being  controlled  by  self-con- 
stituted, unscrupulous  attorneys,  such  as  have  already  greatly  retarded 
my  efforts  to  properly  carry  out  the  a(!t.  T  therefore  repeat  mj'  former 
suggestion,  that  funds  should  be  i)rovided  for  this  purpose. 

The  number  of  Indians  who  on  account  of  the  interference  of  white 
men  refused  to  be  enrolled  is  about  2.")0.  As  a  result  of  this  i)artial 
failure,  no  money  has  been  paid  to  those.  Indians  who  comi)lied  with  the 
request  of  the  government,  and  they  are  made  to  suffer  because  of  the 
obstinate  and  rebellious  attitude  of  a  part  of  the  tribe.  This  is  making 
the  innocent  suffer  for  the  acts  of  the  guilty,  and  ought,  in  some  man- 
ner, to  be  remedied,  so  that  the  law-abi<ling  ones  should  be  paid  what  is 
justly  due  them.  I  can  see  neither  reason  ntn'justice  in  refusing  or  neg- 
lecting longer  to  i)ay  these  Indians  who  have  willingly  done  all  that 
was  required  of  them  by  the  government. 

As  se\eral  of  these  Indians,  in  anti<:ipation  of  this  money,  selected 
lands,  which  the  want  of  it  rendered  them  unable  to  secure,  a  tempo- 
rary exi)e(lient  was  resorted  to,  and  an  airangement  made  with  the  hon- 
orable Commissioner  of  the  (xeneral  Land  Olhce,  \\  hereby  the  claim- 
ants can  go  before  t\w  ag<'nt  for  the  otiiee  nearest  to  them,  and,  by  prov- 
ing their  Winneliago  blood,  «S:c.,  and  their  willingness  to  eoinply  with 
the  provisions  of  the  act  of  .Inly  18,  18S1,  the  land  they  have  selected 
can  be  reserved  Ibr  them  until  this  money  is  paid. 

Wyandottrs.—'nw  payment  to  this  ti-ibe  of  Indians  of  828,100.51,  the 
sum  appropriated  by  the  act  of  INlarch  o,  1881,  which  was  to  bo  in  lull 
paynu^nt  of  their  claim  .under  treaty  of  Febiuary  2.?,  18(17,  was  com- 
l)leted  on  the  l.'ith  of  Apiil  last.  A  very  carelul  census  having  been 
taken,  and  the  claims  of  those  who  applied  to  be  enrolled  carefully  ex- 
amined, all  who  could  not  be  proved  (o  I)e  members  of  the  Wyandotte 
tribe,  as  defined  in  the  treaties  made  with  these  Indians,  were  rejected. 

The  ])ayment  seems  to  have  been  very  satislaetory  to  the  Indians, 
especially  as  the  claim  of  Isaiah  Walker,  for  $17,!K)I»  for  a  terry  fran- 
chise, on  being  oxaniined.  was  not  considered  good  against  this  fund, 
and  was  thei-efon'  disallowed. 

Sac  and  Fox,  loica. — Since  my  report  for  1881,  this  branch  of  the  Sac 


638  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

and  Fox  tribe  has  becoino  more  tractable  and  williiij:?  to  comply  with 
the  rules  f^oveniinji:  annuity  i);iyiii('i)ts,  so  that  $40,()()()  of  their  back  and 
current  annuities  has  been  paid  to  them,  viz,  $20,000  in  January  last, 
and  the  same  amount  in  the  following  Anj;ust.  This  was  a  per  capita 
of  about  $128,  or  over  $500  to  each  family  of  four  persons,  which  number 
their  domestic  relations  will  average.  Of  this  large  sum,  after  ])ayiug 
some  back  taxes  on  their  lands,  they  had  expemied,  by  September  1, 
almost  every  cent,  excei)t  about  $3,000,  with  which  they  propose  to 
purchase  more  land,  Avhich  they  greatly  need.  It  is  to  be  regretted 
that  at  least  half  of  the  entire  payment  could  not  have  been  use<l  for 
this  purpose,  rather  than  squandered  in  ways,  if  not  injurious,  yet  of  but 
doubtful  beuelit  to  them.  But  as  the  money  was  their  own,  no  action 
could  be  taken  by  this  office  further  than  giving  them  good  advice. 

The  agent  complains  of  drunkenness  amongst  these  Indians,  which 
he,  for  want  of  means,  is  unable  to  prevent,  but  it  is  hoped  the  stringent 
liquor  law  now  in  force  in  that  State  will  result  in  their  being  benefited 
to  a  greater  degree  by  future  annuities. 

Alltheotherregularannuities,  &c.,  have  been  paid  duriugthe  year  with- 
out incident  worthy  of  special  remark,  and  it  is  a  gratifying  fact  that  al- 
though a  total  sum  of  about  $650,000  has  been  so  disbursed  to  the  Indians, 
during  this  time,  having  to  i^ass  through  many  hands,  and  find  its  way  to 
the  owners  often  in  the  least  civilized  part  of  the  country,  no  case  of  loss 
to  the  government  or  to  the  Indian  has  occurred,  either  through  acci- 
dent, carelessness,  or  design.  The  present  system  of  enrolling  the  In- 
dians is  so  perfect,  each  birth,  death,  change  in  relationship  of  members 
of  families,  Enghsh  and  Indian  name,  age,  and  sex  being  duly  recorded, 
that  oversight  or  imposition  is  almost  impossible,  and  general  satisfac- 
tion among  the  Indians  is  the  result. 

EDUCATION. 

Exclusive  of  the  five  civilized  tribes,  the  whole  number  of  Indian 
pupils  attending  school  the  past  year  has  been  8,412.  Of  these  476  were 
in  attendance  at  the  Carlisle,  Hampton,  and  Forest  Grove  training 
schools.  Of  the  remainder  3,937  attended  reservation  boarding  schools 
and  3,999  reservation  day  schools.  The  average  attendance  for  the  year 
has  been  5,126.  A  table  giving  the  schools  in  detail,  with  the  attend- 
ance and  condition  of  each,  will  be  found  on  page  376.  The  following 
table  shows  the  gradual  progress  which  has  taken  place  in  Indian  edu- 
cation during  the  last  six  years : 

Average 
attendance. 

1877 6,019  .       3,598 

1878 6,229  4,142 

1879 7,193  4,488 

1880 7,240  4,651 

1881 8,109  4,976 

1882 ; 8,412  5,126 



Boarding-schools. — Six  new  boarding-schools  have  been  opened  during 
the  past  year  at  the  Eouud  Valley,  Lower  Brule,  Fort  Peck,  Western 
Shoshone,  Navajo,  and  Yankton  Agencies,  making  the  whole  number 
now  in  operation  74,  including  the  training-schools  at  Carlisle,  Hampton, 
and  Forest  Grove.  In  each  of  the  reservation  boarding-schools  instruc- 
tion is  given  the  girls  in  all  branches  of  household  industry  as  well  as  the 
making  and  repair  of  garments.  The  work  of  the  kitchen,  laundry, 
diuiug-room,  dormitory,  and  sewing-room  is  performed  by  them  under 


REPORT   OF   THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE  'INTERIOR.  639 

the  supervisicm  of  the  employes  of  the  school,  and  it  is  exi)ected  that  they 
will  receive  as  thorough  and  constant  instruction  in  the  art  of  home- 
raaking  as  in  reading-  and  writing  the  English  language.  It  is  in  this 
department  that  the  want  of  suitable  buildings  and  appliances  has  been 
most  severel}'  felt,  and  thereby  i)rogress  lias  been  most  seriously  retarded. 
"Want  of  funds  has  compelled  the  refusal  to  many  schools  of  wells,  cis- 
terns, suitable  furniture,  and  clothing  materials,  and  the  many  articles  of 
convenience  which  are  considered  essential  to  the  i)roi»('r  management  of 
a  private  family,  and  wliicli  are  even  more  sorely  needed  for  the  smooth 
working  of  a  large  household.  The  Indian  is  an  a])prentice  to  civiliza- 
tion, and  he  cannot  be  expected  to  make  rapid  advancement  in  his  trade 
if  tlie  tools  furnished  him  are  poor  in  quality  and  insufticient  in  number 
and  variety.  Too  often  the  ingenuity  of  teachers  has  been  taxed  to  see 
how  they  could  manage  to  do  without,  instead  of  how  they  could  teach 
pupils  to  use,"  the  appliances  of  civilized  life. 

Industrial  training  for  boys  is  also  carried  on  at  reservation  boarding 
schools,  and  is  receiving  more  and  more  attention  with  each  year.  In 
connection  with  57  schools,  1,245  acres  are  under  cultivation,  and  the 
crops  the  past  year  have  amounted  to  8,370  bushels  corn,  3,<j98  bushels 
oats,  11,683  bushels  vegetables,  1,L'48  bushels  wheat,  154  tons  hay,  1,L'50 
melons,  1,575  pumpkins,  and  2,800  heads  of  cabbage.  In  addition  to 
farming  and  gardeniug,  the  preparing  of  fuel  and  carrying  of  winter 
gives  many  hours  of  labor  to  the  boys,  and  the  teaching  of  trades  is 
rapidly  being  introduced.  Blacksmithing,  tailoring,  and  harness-mak- 
ing are  taught  at  four  schools  ;  seven  teach  shoemaking,  ten  cari)enter- 
ing,  and  fifteen  tlie  raising  and  care  of  stock.  Training  in  these  branches 
has  been  greatly  stimulated  by  the  success  of  the  experiments  at  Car- 
lisle, Hampton,  and  Forest  Grove.  Agent^  are  taking  these  schools  as 
models  of  what  an  Indian  school  should  be,  and  pupils  at  home  are  in- 
terested to  learn  the  branches  which  are  being  taught  their  more 
favored  relatives. 

In  industrial  education  Indian  boarding-schoolsaredoingpioneer  work. 
There  are  neither  precedents  nor  text-books  to  follow.  In  very  few 
schools  in  the  United  States  can  the  white  child,  unless  he  is  a  criminal, 
learn  how  to  work  as  well  as  how  to  read ;  how  to  use  his  hands  as  well  as 
his  head.  Thisneed  is  receiving  the  attention  of  educators  and  philantliro- 
pists,  and  the  success  of  the  experiment  among  Indians  is  being  watched 
with  interest  by  the  friends  of  the  lower  classes  both  white  and  black. 
One  of  the  first  obstacles  encountered  is  the  outlay  of  fuuds  rerjuired. 
To  fairly  equip  each  reservation  school  witli  stock,  wagons,  farming  im- 
plements and  mechanical  tools,  and  have  these  articles  used  notoidyby 
children,  but  by  children  who  have  no  inherited  inclination  or  ai)titude 
for  civilized  i)ursuits,  must  very  largely  increase  the  annual  ex])ense  of 
the  schools;  and  though  for  such  exiienditure  the  return  in  tlie  next 
generation  will  l)e  large,  the  immediate  returns  will  be  meager.  Never- 
theless it  ought  to  be  done,  and  approi»riations  increased  accordingly. 
Even  if  Carlisle,  Hampton,  and  Forest  Grove  could  turn  out,  as  they 
cannot,  all  the  skilled  mechanics  and  agriculturists  needed  among  In- 
dians, yet  the  value  to  the  Indian  boy  of  mere  rudimentary  trainiug  in 
someoneof  the  various haiidicialts  will  be  worth  to  his  own  manhood  and 
the  civilization  of  his  race  immeasurably  more  than  it  will  cost,  and  the 
morale  ol'  the  school  which  furnishes  suih  employment  and  diversion  to 
its  restless  pujjils  will  bi",  vastly  im])roved. 

Too  much  importance  cannot  be  attached  to  the  agency  industrial 
boarding-school.  It  is  the  center  of  Indian  ci\  ilizaticm,  and  will  be  until 
parents  are  willing  to  send  theii-  children  away  from  home  to  be  educated, 


640  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 

and  tbe  government  is  willing  to  assume  the  enormous  expense  of  that 
sort  of  schooliuft-.  Until  then  the  reservation  schools  will  be  worth  as 
much  to  the  distant  training-schools  as  the  training-schools  are  to  the  res- 
ervation. Tliey  awaken  the  interest  in  education  which  first  leads  the 
parent  to  surrender  his  child,  and  they  so  mold  public  oj)iuion  as  to  make 
it  possible  lor  the  returned  student  to  persevere  in  the  habits  learned 
at  the  East.  Unless  a  strong  purifying  influence  is  exerted  on  the  res- 
ervation atmosphere  while  the  students  are  absent,  they  will  return  to  a 
tire-dam])  of  heathenism,  ignorance,  and  superstition  that  will  extinguish 
all  the  flames  of  intelligence  and  virtue  that  have  been  kindled  by  con- 
tact with  civilization.  In  this  way  only  can  the  government  hope  to 
escape  the  humiliating  relapses  which  many  years  ago  discouraged  mis- 
sionary societies  from  any  further  attempts  at  educating  Indian  pupils- 
away  from  their  tribes.  An  appropriation  of  not  less  than  $50,000 
should  be  made  by  Congress  at  its  next  session  to  proi)erly  equip 
existing  reservation  schools  for  industrial  work. 

Day  schools. — Eleven  new  day  schools  have  been  opened  this  year,  but 
four  day  schools  have  become  boarding-schools,  and  twelve  have  been 
discontinued,  so  that  the  whole  number  now  in  operation  is  101,  five  less 
than  last  year.  Most  of  thos6  discontinued  were  small  schools,  main- 
tained in  the  Indian  camps  by  religious  societies.  It  is  as  common  a  belief 
that  the  boarding  should  supersede  the  day  school  as  it  is  that  train- 
ing-schools remote  from  the  Indian  couutry  ought  to  be  substituted 
for  those  located  in  the  midst  of  the  Indians.  But  I  trust  that  the  time 
is  not  far  distant  when  a  system  of  district  schools  will  be  established 
in  Indian  settlements,  which  will  serve  not  only  as  centers  of  enlight- 
enment for  those  neighborhoods,  but  will  give  suitable  employment  to 
returned  students,  especially  the  young  women,  for  whom  it  is  specially 
difficult  to  provide.  As  General  Amstrong  has  well  said  in  his  annual 
report : 

There  is  absolutely  bo  position  of  dignity  to  which  an  Indian  girl  after  three  years- 
training  can  look  forward  with  any  reasonable  confidence.  There  is  nothing  for  her 
but  to  e])joy  or  siift'er  in  the  present  state  as  best  she  may.  Schools  in  the  Indian 
camps,  under  judicious  and  vigorous  supervision  (such  as  are  in  a  few  cases  already 
established  by  the  missionaries),  would  give  honorable  work,  full  of  inspiration,  to 
our  best  Indian  girls. 

Eeferring  to  reports  from  returned  students,  he  also  says: 

There  has  been  a  less  favorable  account  of  the  two  girls  who  live  in  the  camps  with 
their  mothers,  which  is  their  misfortune  rather  than  their  fault.  There  is  not  the 
regular  employment  for  girls  that  there  is  for  boys.  The  lor  and  the  chance  of  the 
former  are  much  harder  than  of  the  latter.  The  intelligent  decent  Indian  girl  is  a 
problem.     Teaching  would  be  her  hope  if  schools  were  provided. 

To  erect  necessary  buildings  and  pay  teachers  for  such  district  schools 
will  require  another  increase  in  appropriations,  which  I  hoi)e  will  not 
be  wanting. 

When  such  schools  are  established,  compulsory  education  can  be  re- 
sorted to.  This  has  already  been  partially  tried  at  two  agencies  with 
considerable  success,  although  the  compidsiou  could  not  be  made  univer- 
sal for  the  reason  that  school  facilities  fell  far  short  of  accommodating 
the  school  population.  Two  other  agents  have  signified  their  intention 
of  adoptin-g  such  measures,  and,  with  the  help  of  their  Indian  police, 
will  undoubtedly  succeed.  At  other  agencies,  however,  where  there  is 
greater  disproportion  between  the  nuiuber  of  children  and  the  size  and 
number  of  the  school  buildings,  pupils  have  to  be  turned  away  from  in- 
stead of  forced  to  school. 

I  desire,  in  this  connection,  to  renew  my  suggestion  of  last  year,  that 
the  example  of  Kew  York  in  extending  her  common  school  system  over 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     641 

her  Indian  reserv^ations  and  eniployinf;-  cduoatod  Indians  as  teachers,  is 
a  most  sensible  one  for  other  States  to  follow.  The  results  thereof  would 
be  no  less  valuable  to  tbe  State  than  to  the  general  government. 

Carlisle,  Forest  Grove,  and  JIam2)ton  training  schools. — By  reference  to 
the  reports  of  Lieutenants  Pratt  and  Wilkinson,  and  (jf  S.  C.  Arm- 
strong, herewith,  pages  237,  247,  and  241,  respectively,  it  will  be  seen 
that  good  work  has  been  accomplished  during  the  year  at  the  Carlisle, 
Forest  Grove,  and  Hampton  training  schools.  They  have  been  attended 
by  284,  91,  and  101  pupils,  respectively.  The  Carlisle  pupils  represent 
33  tribes  and  18  agencies ;  the  Forest  Grove  pupils,  10  tribes  and  5 
agencies. 

At  Carlisle  and  Hampton  the-  apprentices  in  the  various  shops  have 
not  only  attended  to  the  large  amount  of  repairing,  building,  and  far- 
nishiug  required  at  the  schools,  but  have  manufactured  for  use  at  the 
various  Indian  agencies  253  sets  double  harness,  13  wagons  and  1  buggy, 
2,000  pairs  shoes,  and  14,124  articles  of  tinware,  and  the  schools  have 
been  credited  with  the  value  of  these  articles  at  the  contract  prices  paid 
therefor  by  the  Indian  Office.  The  apprentices  to  the  trades  of  black- 
smith, carpenter,  i)rinter,  shoemaker,  tinsmith,  wheelwright,  painter, 
butcher,  tailor,  saddler,  and  baker  have  numbered  183.  The  energies 
of  the  rest  of  the  boys  were  devoted  to  farm  work. 

Only  eight  deaths  have  occurred  at  the  two  schools  during  the  year, 
the  improved  health  conditions  being  due  partly  to  acclimatization,  but 
more  to  greater  watchfulness  and  a  better  understanding  on  the  part  of 
both  instructors  and  pupils  of  the  requirements  of  the  Indian  physique. 

The  practice  of  placing  pupils  in  private  families  during  the  summer 
vacation  has  been  continued  with  most  satisfactory  results.  ]\Iore  homes 
were  opened  to  them  in  Massachusetts  and  Pennsylvania  than  there 
were  pupils  to  send ;  lOG  boys  and  girls  have  thus  been  given  the  best 
possible  individual  training.  Removed  from  the  rules  and  restraints 
which  make  up  the  machinery  of  a  large-institution  and  render  the  life 
of  its  inmates  more  or  less  mechanical,  they  are  thrown  upon  their  own 
resources  and  responsibility,  and  learn  the  self-imposed  restraints  and 
amenities  and  tasks  which  characterize  home  life.  The  appreciation 
of  the  advantages  shown  by  the  children,  and  their  usual  readiness  to 
do  their  share  of  the  work  of  the  farm  or  the  house,  has  enabled  Lieu- 
tenant Pratt  to  secure  wages  for  all  the  pupils  sent  out  by  him  this  sum- 
mer. These  wages,  varying  from  one  to  lift^eon  dollars  jier  month,  havt^ 
been  paid  direct  to  the  pupils  and  added  to  the  womanliness  and  man- 
liness of  the  recii)ients.  The  good  record  made  by  the  Indian  youth  in 
their  temporary  homes  is  reported  in  detail  by  Lieutenant  Pratt.  Forty- 
eight  of  the  Carlisle  pupils  will  remain  witli  their  new  friends  during 
the  winter,  doing  "chores'' and  atten<ling  public  scho<»l.  The  size  of 
the  buildings  and  the  appropriation  allow  for  the  education  at  Carlisle 
of  about  300  pupils,  but  by  placing  children  in  i>rivate  families  LieuttMi- 
ant  Pratt  proposes  to  reduce  expenses  and  enlarge  accommo«lations  so 
that  he  can  care  for  380  pupils.  He  will  also  depend  on  the  continued 
liberality  of  friends  of  the  Indian,  mIio  have  given  substantial  ])roof  of 
their  int<?rest  in  the  work  at  Carlisle  bv  the  contribution  during  the 
year  of  $7,243. 

The  first  "graduates''  from  Carlisle,  consisting  of  37  Sioux  from  Da 
kota  and  35  representatives  of  tril)es  in  the  Indian  Territory,  returned  to 
their  homes  in  July  last.  These  were  the  pupils  with  whom  the  school 
was  started  in  October,  1879.  It  is  exi>ected  that  the  majority  of  them 
will  return  to  Carlisle  this  fall  for  further  instruction.  For  this  the 
most  worthy  and  promising  will  be  selected,  and  especially  those  whoso 
41  Ab 


642  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

moral  stamina  lias  stood  the  tost  of  the  temporary  return  to  the  old  as- 
sociations and  d('<;radations.  Though  tlie  record  of  the  students  who 
retuj-ned  last  year  from  JJam])ton  has  been  in  the  main  satisfactory, 
yet  it  is  ai)i)ar('nt  that  to  return  immature  youth  to  heathen  homes  after 
only  three  years  of  training  umler  specially  favorable  conditions  is  a 
hazardous  ex[)eriment.  Justice  to  the  child  as  well  as  economy  in  the 
service  require  a  supplemental  course  of  at  least  two  years,  during 
which  the  seed  sown  may  have  opportunity  to  take  deeper  root.  Here- 
after parents  will  be  expected  to  surrender  their  children  for  five  in- 
stead of  three  years. 

Industiial  work  at  Forest  Grove  has  met  with  unusual  success.  The 
blacksmith  and  shoe  shops  have  netted  $772  to  the  school.  The  ap- 
]>renti(es  to  the  carpenter  have  put  up  two  2-8tory  additions  to  the 
dorinitorieSj  32  by  32  feet,  and  two  smaller  additions,  25  by  36  and  14  by 
28,  besides  making- furniture  for  the  school  and  attending  to  necessary 
repairs.  The  renting  of  45  acres  furnishes  an  opportunity  for  practical 
lessons  in  farming,  while  several  of  the  boys  have  been  employed  in  the 
harvest  field  by  farmers  in  that  section.    Lieutenant  Wilkinson  reports : 

The  local  press  of  the  country  uotes  the  fact  that  without  the  help  of  the  boys  of 
the  luflian  school  some  of  the  farmers  of  this  section  would  have  had  great  trouble  iu 
harvestiug  their  crops.  Oue  paper  has  raised  its  warning  cry  for  the  protection  of 
white  labor  as  against  Indian.  The  boys  have  worked  side  Ijy  side  with  the  white 
man,  earned  the  same  wages,  and  this  in  a  section  of  country  where  it  has  always 
been  claimed  tlie  Iiulian  would  not  work. 

As  Stated  last  year  the  great  need  at  Forest  Grove  is  the  purchase  ot 
land  which  shall  be  the  property  of  the  school. 

Injustice  has  been  done  this  school  by  the  wording  of  the  appropria- 
tion for  its  support,  which  limits  the  amount  to  be  paid  for  the  care  and 
support  of  the  pupils  to  $200  per  capita  per  annum.  Expenditures  can 
be  reduced  to  this  figure,  but  it  will  be  at  the  expense  of  the  best  in- 
terests of  the  pupils  in  attendance. 

Bnildimis. — Nine  new  boarding-school  buildings  have  been  occupied 
during  the  year,  and  in  nine  more  new  buildings  schools  will  be  opened 
this  fall.  The  office  has  thus  been  enabled  to  open  boarding  schools  for 
the  first  time  among  the  27,105  Indians  of  the  five  agencies  already 
named,  and  also  among  the  Yankton  Indians;  that  tribe,  however,  has 
not  been  wh(flly  deprived  of  boarding-school  facilities  hitherto,  for  the 
reason  that  the  remissness  of  the  government  in  that  respect  has  been 
partially  atoned  for  by  the  Episcopalians,  who,  for  many  years,  have 
maintained  there  a  flourishing  boys'  boarding  school.  The  buildings  to 
be  occupied  this  fall  will  provide  for  the  opening  of  boarding-schools  for 
the  first  time  among  the  9,412  Indians  of  the  Xevada,  Umatilla,  Blackfeet, 
and  Warm  Springs  agencies,  among  the  Snake  Indians  at  the  Yaiuax 
subageucj'  in  Oregon,  and  among  the  Poncas  in  the  Indian  Territory,  who, 
since  their  removal  thither,  have  had  only  a  small  day  school.  Arrange- 
ments have  been  made  for  puttingup  ten  newbuildings  during  the  coming 
season  to  give  new  schools  to  the  Pine  Eidge,  Eosebud,  and  ]\fescalero 
agencies,  to  replace  the  Wichita  Ixiilding,  destroyed  by  fire  in  December 
last,  and  to  give  proper  accommodations  to  five  agency  boarding  schools 
that  are  now  carried  on  at  great  disadvantage  in  rented  buildings  or  in 
houses  which,  by  dilapidation,  unsuitable  and  inconvenient  arrangement 
of  rooms,  and  restricted  limits,  have  become  each  year  less  and  less 
adapted  to  the  purpose  for  which  they  are  used.  Children  who  shiver  in 
rooms  ceiled  with  canvas,  who  dodge  the  muddy  drops  trickling  through 
worn-out  dirt  roofs,  who  are  crowded  in  ill-ventilated  dormitories,  who 
recite  in  a  single  schoolroom,  three  classes  at  a  time,  and  who  have  no 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     643 

suitable  sitting-rooms  nor  bath-rooms,  are  not  likely  to  be  attracted  to 
or  make  rapid  advancement  in  education  and  civilization.  But  inade- 
quate and  delayed  appropriations  have  necessitated  the  continued  use, 
lor  school  puri^oses,  of  buildings  which  long  ago  should  have  been  con- 
demned as  unserviceable  and  even  unsafe.  The  more  generous  treat- 
ment which  Indian  education  received  from  Congress  at  its  last  session 
Avill  do  much  toward  remedying  this  unfortunate  state  of  affairs. 

Appropriations. — The  legislation  of  Congress  at  its  last  session,  in  re- 
gard to  Indian  education,  marks  a  new  era  in  Indian  affairs.  The  first 
appropriation,  not  required  by  treaty,  made  for  the  support  of  Indian 
schools,  was  $20,000  in  18-7C.  From  that  time  it  gradually  increased 
until,  in  1881,  it  reache<l  $85,000.  This  increase,  of  course,  fell  far  short 
of  meeting  the  increased  needs  of  the  service,  and  the  delicit  was  made  up 
from  a  fund  called  the  civilization  fund,  being  proceeds  of  the  sales  of  In- 
dian lands  in  Kansas.  From  July  1, 1877,  to  .luly  1, 1881,  $71.5,000  were 
placed  on  the  books  of  the  oflice  to  the  credit  of  this  fund.  Of  tliis  about 
$500,000  was  expended  during  these  four  years  in  the  establishment  and 
support  of  schools,  and  the  remainder  in  the  purchase  of  wagons,  farm- 
ing implements,  stock  cattle,  &c.  From  this  fund  the  Hampton,  Carlisle, 
and  Forest  Grove  schools  were  established  and  maintained  at  an  expense 
of  nearly  $200,000. 

Last  fall  there  remained  of  the  fund  only  enough  to  carry  these 
schools  through  the  fiscal  year,  and  to  carry  several  other  schools 
through  half  the  year.  With  some  misgiving  the  oflice  asked  Congress 
for  a  deficiency  ai)propriation  for  1882  of  $50,000,  and  for  an  appropri- 
ation for  1883  of  $150,000  for  general  school  purposes,  and  $97,000  for 
Carlisle,  Hampton,  and  Forest  Grove,  an  amount  barely  sufficient  to 
support  existing  schools  for  one  year.  Ko  better  evidence  could  be 
given  of. the  newly  awakened  interest  and  faith  of  the  people  of  the 
United  States  in  Indian  education  than  the  appropriation  by  Congress 
for  the  year  1883  of  $300,000  for  general  education,  $115,200  ibr  the  sup- 
port of  the  three  training  schools,  $50,000  for  two  new  training  schools, 
and  $17,000  for  the  education  of  Indians  at  various  established  indus- 
trial schools  in  the  States. 

The  building  left  by  the  Pawnees  on  their  reserve  in  Nebraska,  when 
they  removed  to  the  Indian  Territory,  is  being  repaired  and  enlarged,  and 
will  be  used  for  one  of  the  new  training  schools.  The  other,  by  the 
terms  of  the  appropriation,  must  be  located  in  the  Indian  Territory, 
near  the  Kansas  Ijouiidary  and  tin;  I'awnee  and  Ponca  reserves.  Plans 
for  this  building  Iiave  been  prepared.  The  crowding  of  the  three  train- 
ing schools  already  establislied,  the  expense  of  transporting  pu|>ils  so 
great  a  distance  fioni  the  Indian  cojintry,  and  the  severe  cHniatic-elianges 
to  Mliicli  it  subjects  them,  have  shown  the  desirability  of  »'stablishing 
similar  institutions  in  the  region  of  the  ^lississippi  Piver.  This  is  now 
made  ejitircly  practicable:  by  the  legislation  above  referred  to,  and  by 
another  a<;t  which  provides  for  turning  over  to  the  Interior  Department, 
for  Indian  school  i»urpuses,  buiUlings  belonging  to  vacated  military 
posts. 

A  long  unheeded  recommendation  of  this  oflice  for  the  appointment 
of  an  inspector  of  schools  received  favorable  action  by  Congress  at  its 
last  session.  Through  his  personal  sujjcrvision  and  ius[)ection  the 
school  work  can  be  doubled  in  elliciency  and  thoroughness,  and  symtan 
in  Indian  edu(;ation  becomes  possible. 

While  providing  for  increased  school  facilities  over  nearly  the  whole 
Indian  country,  Congress  by  special  legislation  cut  ofl"  all  government 


G44 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   IFIE 


Nclinols  iVoiii  tlio  2,000  Moquis  Tucblos  in  Arizona.  In  the  last  Indian 
appropriation  act  is  the  lblk)winj?  chiuse: 

For  tlio  payof  apcnl  *  *  *■  at  tlip  Moqtiis  I'noldo  n^^cncy,  vlio  slirill  also  perform 
tho  <hitio8  of  teacher  anil  clerk,  one  thousand  live  humlred  dollars,  and  no  money 
appropriated  by  this  act  shall  bo  expended  for  pay  of  teachers  or  for  chMical  hibor  iil 
this  agency. 

An  agent  wlio  has  no  clerk  and  is  rcqnircd  to  personally  care  for  the 
interests  of  2,000  Indians  living  in  seven  villages,  distant  from  14  to 
oCt  miles  from  tlie  agency,  and  only  two  of  them  accessible  by  wagons, 
vvill  have  little  time  to  spend  in  the  schoolroom.  ^Moreover,  sinc;e  a  day 
school  at  the  agency  would  be  inaccessible  to  the  children,  and  a  day 
school  at  one  of  the  villages  inaccessible  to  tlie  agent,  the  only  practi- 
cable method  of  giving  the  Moquis  an  education  is  through  a  boarding 
school.  Can  Congress  expect  one  man  to  serve  not  only  as  agent,  clerk, 
and  teacher,  but  also  as  matron,  cook,  and  laundress,  for  81,. "500  a  year^ 

While  referring  to  the  unusual  increase  in  appropriations  ibr  schools 
during  the  past  year,  I  ought  to  state  that  the  service  will  suffer  by  any 
decrease  in  such  appropriation  hereafter.  There  are  three  classes  of 
funds  out  of  which  Indian  schools  can  be  sup]>orted:  (1)  Appropria- 
tions made  in  fulfillment  of  treaty  i)rovisious  which  pledge  either  the 
payment  annually  of  a  specific  amount  for  education  or  the  support  of 
specified  schools.  (2)  Appropriations  made  solely  for  education,  but 
made  as  a  gratuity  and  not  under  treaty.  (3)  Appropriations  made 
for  general  civilizing  purposes,  either  in  fulfillment  of  treaty  obligations 
or  as  a  gratuity.  To  these  has  been  added  in  the  past  a  civilization 
fund  (not  appropriated);  but  that,  as  already  stated,  is  now  exhausted. 

The  subjoined  table  shows  approximately  the  amounts  which  have 
been  expended  under  each  of  these  heads  for  Indian  education  during 
the  past  six  years  :* 


1877. 


1878. 


1879. 


1880. 


18S1. 


1882. 


Appropriations  made  in  fulfillment  of  treaty 
provisions  which  pledge  either  specific  suras 
for  educutiou  or  the  siii)port  of  specified 
schools 

Expenditures  for  schools  made  from  general 
funds  a])proj)riated  or  held  in  trust  for  the 
support  and  civili>;;itiou  of  Indians 

Special  ai<pvopriations  made  for  education 

Expended'  from  civilization  fund  for  reserva- 
tion schools 

Expended  from  civilization  fund  for  schools  at 
Hampton,  Carlisle,  and  Forest  Grovo 

Expended  from  Sioux  fund  for  Carlisle  school.. 


$78,422 


$81, 05C     $76, 082     .4;75, 050 


000 
885 


72,428 
30,  000 


5,135 


45, 490 
64,000 

1,084 

2,669 


49, 030 
75, 000 

25,228 

26, 092 
33, 263 


$57,  450  I  $52,  627 
122 


,418 
,000 


116,292 
1.35, 000 


36,600  j    16,901 


05, 

t      90 


71S 

o:;fi 


89,  lii4 
1,614 


Total ,.   168,684 


188,019     190,225 


290, 463  I  379, 288     411, 538 


2^0TK.— These  figures  do  not  include  the  cost  of  rations  and  clothinfr  used  l»y  pupils  at  agencies 
■w  here  regular  issues  of  rations  and  goods  are  made  to  all  tho  Indians  of  tho  agency. 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  sum  appropriated  in  fulfillment  of  specific 
treaty  provisions  for  the  support  of  schools  is  small.  This  sum  will 
steadily  decrease  as  the  treaties  expire.  The  amount  which  it  has  been 
])racticable  to  spare  for  education  from  appropriations  made  for  general 
civilizing  purposes  is  also  small.  The  demands  for  seed,  breaking  land, 
houses,  furniture,  farming  implements,  wagons,  stock  cattle,  wV'c,  must 
be  met  from  these  funds,  and  those  demands  are  so  numerous  and  so 
urgent  that  when  they  are  only  partially  met  little  money  remains  to  be 
devoted  to  the  equally  important,  but  less  imperative,  school  work. 
Therefore,  for  the  continuing  and  enlarging  of  the  school  work  the  office 

*A  KiTnilar  tabic  is  presented  and  the  same  subject  is  ditfcussod  in  Sen.  Ex.  Doc.  No. 
113,  47th  Cougres8;  1st  session. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     G45 

iimst  (lopend  upon  appropriations  made  for  tliat  specific  purpose  Avitli- 
oiit  reference  to  treaty  or  any  other  obligation,  except  the  obligation  of 
.ni  enlightened  Christian  peojde  toward  a  barbarous  pagan  race,  and  the 
obligation  of  any  government  to  preserve  the  health  of  its  body  politic 
by  tlie  ujjlifting  of  its  lower  classes. 

Until  the  work  is  undertaken  by  the  States,  I  take  it  for  granted  that 
the  general  goA'ernment  intends  to  see  to  it  that  Indian  children  shall 
be  educated  as  rapidly  as  possible;  that  it  intends  to  put  some  sort  of 
schools  within  the  reach  of  all  Imlian  youth,  and  for  several  years  at 
least  to  educate  a  large  proportion  of  them  in  boarding  schools;  that  it 
chooses  the  boarding  school  rather  than  the  less  expensive  ckiy  school 
not  only  because  more  thorough  discipline  can  be  given  therein,  but 
also  because  education  and  at  the  same  time  civilization  can  be  wrought 
into  the  Imlian  constitntion  faster  by  that  process  than  by  any  other. 

The  cost  of  maintaining  an  Indian  pupil  in  a  reservation  lx)arding 
school  may  be  set  down  as  a  little  over  $150  per  annum;  in  a  day 
school  at  about  830  per  annum.  The  whole  number  of  Indian  youth  to 
be  educated,  exclusive  of  thefive  civilized  tribes,  maybe  estimated  as  be- 
tween 45,000  and  50,000,  and  for  moderate  calculations  the  lower  number 
may  be  taken.  The  average  of  the  enrollment  of  pupils  in  school  in  Con- 
necticut, Kansas,  ifevada,  Massachusetts,  and  Oregon  is  80  per  cent,  of 
the  school  population,  and  the  average  attendance  is  54  per  cent.  Is'early 
19  per  cent,  of  the  school  population  among  the  Indian  tribes  was  em-olled 
during  the  past  year,  and  the  average  attendance  was  nearly  12  per  cent. 
If  adequate  appropriations  are  made,  the  number  enrolled  ten  years  from 
now  ought  to  be  not  less  than  50  per  cent.,  or  22,500  pui)ils.  Ilalf  of  these, 
educated  in  reservation  boarding  schools  at  $150  per  aniuim,  would  cost 
$1,087,500  ;  the  other  half,  educated  in  day  schools  at  §30  per  annum, 
would  cost  $337,500.  Therefore,  to  keep  one  quarter  of  the  Indian  school 
population  in  boarding  schools  and  another  quarter  in  day  schools  would 
require  an  annual  expenditure  of  over  $2,000,000.  Irregularity  of  attend- 
ance would  decrease  the  cost  somewhat,  though  not  in  the  same  ratio  as 
that  between  the  a\  er<ige  attendance  and  the  total  enrollment,  for  the 
reason  that  the  teaching  force  and  various  other  expenses  couhl  not  be 
allowed  to  vary  with  reniiiorary  lluctuations  in  attendance.  Deducting 
25  per  cent,  on  this  account  would  reduce  the  annual  expenditure  ti> 
$1,500,(100.  This  is  a  low  (^stimate,  and  at  the  same  time  I  have  not 
taken  into  account  the  increased  cost  of  giving  Indian  youth  special 
training  in  schools  remote  Irom  agencies. 

Meantiuie,  before  the  cniolliueut  can  reach  50  per  cent,  of  the  school 
population,  a  large  nuuiber  of  buildings  must  be  erected  and  furnislied 
and  liberal  a]»])ropriations  must  be  made  thereibr.  Only  8,700  ])ui)ils 
can  be  crowded  into  all  tlui  school  buiklings  now  in  use,  and  many  of 
these  buildings  should  be  rei)laced  by  new  ones. 

The  cost  of  education  duriug  the  past  year  has  been,  approximately, 
$411,538,  in  addition  to  the  expense  of  rations  and  part  of  the  cloth- 
iug  used  by  pupils  at  agencies  where  rations  and  goods  are  regularly 
issued  to  all  the  Indians  on  the  reservation.  The  api)roi)riatii)iis  for 
education  for  the  current  year,  in  addition  to  ann)unts  regularly  ai)pio- 
priated  in  fullillment  of  treaty  provisions,  aggregate  s48!>,400,  ami  the 
appropriation  asked  lor  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1884,  is  $017,000. 
This  sum  is  recjuired  if  the  United  States  Government  is  to  keep  pace 
with  its  duties  and  opi)or(uuities  in  the  matter  of  educating  Indians. 

I  have  spoken  of  tlie  ai)propriations  from  whieh  sehools  nuist  here- 
fvfter  be  luainly  supporteil  as  ''gratuities.*'  It  will,  however,  re(iuire 
very  many  and  very  large  so-called  "gratuitous"'  appropriations  to  pay 


646  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING  THE 

the  debt  oC  tlio  ftovenuiient  to  ccrtiiin  Indian  tribes  on  account  of  un- 
fulfilled treaty  obi  ip:ationN.  Jn  gfcneral  it  may  be  said  tliat  where  the 
treaty  stipulated  the  payment  of  a  certain  annual  sum  for  education, 
the  i)romise  has  been  kept;  but  where  the  support  of  certain  schools 
■was  pledged  without  specifying  the  annual  expenditure  to  be  made 
therefor,  the  promise  has  been  only  partially  kept.  Belonging  to  the 
latter  class  are  the  treaties  with  the  yioux,  Navajo,  Kiowa  and  Coman- 
che, Cheyenne  and  Arapaho,  Shoshone,  Molel,  Walla  Walla,  D'VVamish, 
Makah,  Quiuaielt,  Quillehute,  S'Klallam  and  S'Kokomish  tribes,  which 
have  an  aggregate  population  of  G8,000.  Some  of  the  treaties  with 
these  tribes  promised  a  school  ibr  every  thirty  pupils  for  twenty  years ; 
others  to  establish  and  support  manual-labor  schools  suflflcient  to  ac- 
commodate the  school  population  of  the  tribes. 

I  have  not  made  an  estimate  of  the  extent  to  which  the  government  has 
failed  to  fulfill  its  treaty  obligations  to  these  tribes  from  the  date  of  the 
treaties  uj)  to  the  present  time,  but  the  following  table  shows  the  deficit  be- 
tween the  promise  and  the  performance  in  theyears  1877  to  1881  inclusive : 

Total  cost  of  buildings  required  to  accommodate  the  school  population  of 
these  tnbes,  less  such  buildings  as  had  been  erected  between  the  dates  of 

the  treaties  and  the  year  1881 $334,000 

Appropriations  required  to  support  the  schools  called  for  by  those  treaties : 

1877 $486,000 

1878 486,000 

1879 486,000 

1880  486,000 

»  1881 371,250 

2,315,250 

2, 649, 2f)0 
Amonnts  specifically  appropriated  for  the  snpport  of  those  schools : 

1877 $44,880 

1878 48,080 

1879  46,580 

1880 46,280 

1881 34,080 

§219,900 

Balance  due  said  tribes  for  the  five  years  1877-1881 2,429,350 

Of  course,  the  showing  would  be  much  more  discreditable  to  the  gov- 
ernment if  the  calculation  had  covered  the  whole  period  since  the  signing 
of  the  treaties,  but  the  above  figui'es  show  that  the  indebtedness  of  the 
government  to  a  little  more  than  one-fourth  of  its  Indian  population 
on  account  of  its  failure  to  provide  schools  promised  by  treaty,  is  so 
great  that  it  will  be  long  before  any  appropriations  for  education  among 
these  tribes  can  be  considered  as  gratuities,  or  in  any  other  light  than 
a  tardy  payment  of  an  old  debt. 

ALLOTMENT  OF  LAND  IN  SEVERALTY  AND  A  PERMANENT  TITLE.     ^ 

In  the  last  annual  report  of  this  office  this  subject  was  treated  at 
some  length.  Nothing  in  the  experience  of  the  past  year  has  occurred 
to  demonstrate  the  inadvisability  of  the  plan,  or  to  cause  me  to  change 
my  views  upon  the  subject.  I  still  believe  that  in  a  great  measure  the 
future  well'are  and  prosperity  of  the  Indians  depends  upon  giving  them 
a  several  interest  in  their  lands,  with  such  a  title  as  will  protect  them 
and  their  children  in  the  peaceful  and  quiet  possession  and  enjoyment 
thereof.  In  my  opinion  this  plan  is  one  of  the  keys  to  the  solution  of 
the  Indian  question.  As  stated  in  my  report  of  last  year.  "The  allot- 
ment system  tends  to  break  up  tribal  relations.    It  has  the  effect  of 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     647 

creating  indiviiluality,  responsibility,  and  a  desire  to  accumulate  ]»rop- 
erty.  It  teaches  the  Indians  habits  of  industry  and  fruj^ality,  and 
Ktiniulates  them  to  look  forward  to  a  better  and  more  useful  life,  and, 
in  the  end,  it  will  relievo  the  government  of  large  annual  ai)i»roi)na- 
tions.*'  All  Indians  may  not  at  present  be  prepared  to  use  to  advan- 
tage lauds  allotted  to  them  individually.  But  many  of  them  are,  and 
uhere  prepared  for  it,  the  Indian  should  have  a  home  of  his  own,  as  the 
white  nuiu  has. 

In  many  of  the  treaties  with  these  people  no  provision  is  made  for  the 
allotment  of  their  lands.  In  others,  which  contain  such  ])rovisions,  the 
amount  is  entirely  inadequate  to  the  wants  and  necessities  of  the  Indians, 
being  in  some  instances  as  low  as  twenty  acres.  A  great  many  tribes 
occujiy  reservations  created  by  tlie  President.  There  is  no  authority  of 
law  for  the  allotment  of  the  lands  within  this  class  of  reservations. 
Many  of  the  reservations  ui)on  which  there  is  autlnnity  for  a  division 
of  the  lands  in  severalty  have  never  been  surveyed  and  subdivided, 
and  in  numerous  cases  where  this  has  been  done  the  monuments,  stakes, 
and  other  marks  of  the  survey  have  been  destroyed  and  obliterated  by 
the  elements  or  otherwise,  so  that  even  where  treaty  stipulations  au- 
tborizo  allotments  they  cannot  be  made  from  this  cause.  The  corre- 
spondence on  the  tiles  of  this  oflico  show  that  very  many  of  the  Indian 
tribes  are  clamorous  for  the  allotment  of  their  lands  in  severalty.  Why 
not,  then,  encourage  them  in  this  advanced  step  towards  civilization? 
Give  the  Indian  his  land  in  severalty.  Let  him  feel  his  individuality 
and  responsibility,  and  a  sense  of  proprietorship.  Encourage  him  to  go 
to  work  and  earn  his  living  and  provide  for  the  future  wants  and  neces- 
sities of  himself  and  family,  and  abandon  his  shiftless,  do-nothing,  de- 
pendent life. 

Upon  the  subject  of  property,  Malthus  says: 

According  to  all  past  experience  and  the  best  observations  wliicli  can  l»e  made  on 
the  motives  which  operate  upon  the  human  mind,  there  can  be  no  well-tounded  hope 
of  obtaining  a  largo  produce  from  the  soil  but  under  a  system  of  private  pra]»erty.  It 
seems  perfectly  visionary  to  suppose  that  any  stimulus  sliort  of  that  which  is  excited 
in  man  by  the  desire  for  providing  for  himself  and  family,  and  of  bettering  his  con 
dition  in  life,  should  operate  on  the  mass  of  society  with  sullicieut  force  and  constancy 
to  overcome  the  natural  indolence  of  mankind.  All  the  attempts  which  have  been 
made  since  the  commencement  of  authentic  history  to  proceed  \\])nn  a  principle  of 
common  property  have  either  been  so  iusignilicant  that  no  inference  can  bo  drawn 
from  them  or  have  been  marked  by  the  most  signal  failures;  and  the  chaufjes  which 
have  been  effected  in  modern  times  bj'  education  do  not  seem  to  .advance  a  single  step 
toward  making  such  u  state  of  things  more  probable  in  future.  We  may  therefore 
more  safely  conclude  that  while  man  retains  the  same  jdiysical  and  moral  constitution 
■which  ho  is  observed  to  possess  at  present,  no  other  than  a  system  of  private  projierty 
stands  the  least  chance  of  providing  for  such  a  largo  and  increasing  population  as 
that  which  is  to  be  found  in  many  countries  at  present. 

These  principles  a])ply  as  well  to  the  Indian  as  to  the  white  man.  So 
long  as  the  government  continues  to  feed  the  Indnin  and  encourages 
him  in  his  lazy,  indolent,  vagabond  life,  just  so  long  will  large  annual 
approjuiations  have  to  be  made  out  of  the  ])ublic  treasury  for  that  pur- 
pose. The  government  has  before  it  the  alternative  of  peri)etinilly  sup- 
porting them  as  idlers  anddrones,  or  of  adojtting  some  measure  looking 
to  their  education  in  nuininil  labor  and  otiier  in<lustrial  juusuits,  and 
their  ultinuite  s('lf-supi)ort  and  civilization.  r>ills  ])ro\iding  for  allot- 
ments of  land  in  severalty  were  introduced  in  the  Forty-lift ii.  Forty- 
sixth,  and  Forty-seventh  Congresses,  but  no  linal  act  ion  has  Ixhmi  n>ached. 
It  is  to  be  hoped  that  Congress  at  its  coming  session  will  take  some  final 
and  detinite  action  upon  a  subject  that  involves  so  nuu'h  and  which  is 
of  such  vital  im])ortance,  not  only  to  the  Indian  in  his  advancement  and 
civilization,  but  to  the  general  government. 


G48  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

INDIAN  HOMESTEAD  ENTRIP.S. 

I  again  invite  attention  to  tlie  necessity  of  lejjislation  by  Con<?ress  to 
enable  Indians  to  enter  lands  under  the  lifteenth  and  sixteenth  sections 
of  the  act  of  Conj^ress  approved  3Iarch  r>,  187,1,  extendinj^  to  Indians 
the  benefits  of  the  homestead  act  of  Mav  20, 1802  (now  embodied  in  sec- 
tions 2290,  22'Jl,  2292,  and  2295  to  2302'lievised  Statutes),  without  the 
payment  of  the  fees  and  commissions  now  i)rescribed  ])y  law  in  such 
cases. 

In  my  report  for  last  year  attention  was  called  to  the  fact  that,  until 
a  change  is  made  in  the  law  as  therein  recommended,  it  is  of  great  im- 
j)ortance  that  the  department  should  have  at  its  disposal  a  fund  that 
can  be  used  for  the  payment  of  entry  fees  and  commissions,  and  that  an 
estimate  for  the  sum  of  85,000  had  been  submitted  with  that  end  in  view. 
No  appropriation  for  that  purpose  was  made.  I  have  again  submitted 
an  estimate  for  the  sum  of  85,000,  and  trust  that  Congress  will  either 
amend  the  law  so  as  to  allow  Indians  to  enter  homesteads  without  cost 
to  them,  or  will  make  aijproiiriation  of  the  sum  estimated  for. 

UNITED   STATES  INDIAN  POLICE. 

Four  years  have  now  elapsed  since  the  establishment  of  the  United 
States  Indian  police  service.  Tried  as  an  experiment,  it  has  ]n'oved  a 
decided  success.  It  has  accomi)lished  all  that  was  claimed  for  it,  and 
at  many  agencies  has  become  an  absolute  necessity.  The  police  force 
"was  organized  in  the  summer  of  1878,  in  accordance  with  an  act  of 
CongTess  approved  May  27,  1878,  for  the  purpose  simply  of  maintain- 
ing order  on  the  reservations  and  of  preventing  the  sale  of  liquor  to 
Indians.  Their  actual  duties  take  a  much  wider  range.  They  not  only 
take  pride  in  keeping  good  order  and  in  breaking  up  immoral  practices, 
and  in  preventing  the  introduction  of  liquor,  but  they  assist  the  agents 
in  the  discharge  of  many  other  important  duties.  They  are  ])roud  of 
being  considered  United  States  soldiers,  and  are  uniformly  faithful  and 
true  to  the  government.  Wearing  the  uniform  of  oilicers  of  the  law, 
they  have  an  educational  influence  over  theii"  associates  the  value  of 
which  cannot  be  estimated. 

The  system  is  now  in  operation  at  forty  agencies,  the  total  force  em- 
ployed being  eighty-four  commissioned  oflicers  and  seven  liundi'ed  and 
sixty-four  non-commissioned  officers  and  privates. 

I  would  again  invite  attention  to  the  small  compensation  allowed  the 
officers  and  members  of  the  police  force.  The  character  and  require- 
ments of  the  service  are  such  as  to  demand  the  very  best  men  at  the 
various  agencies,  but  these  cannot  often  be  induced  to  serve  for  the 
small  pay  offered.  I  woukl  recommend  that  commissioned  officers  be 
paid  fifteen  dollars  iier  month,  sergeants  ten  dollars  per  mouth,  and 
privates  eight  dollars  per  month.  A  much  more  satisfactory  arrange- 
ment would  be  to  invest  the  Commissioner  of  Indian  Affairs  with  dis- 
cretionary power  as  to  salaries,  the  ser^•ice  at  some  agencies  being  of 
vastly  more  importance  than  at  others. 

STOCK-CATTLE,   WAGONS,  AND  FBEIGHTING  BY  INDIANS. 

From  July  1, 1878,  to  June  30,  1881,  there  were  purchased  for  the  In- 
dians 13,2()4  head  of  stock-cattle.  A  detailed  report  of  the  number  fur- 
nished each  agency  was  given  in  my  report  for  last  year.  From  July 
1,  1881  to  June  30,  1882,'^stock-cattre  ^vere  purchased  as  follows:  For 
Osages,  1,825  head;  Poucas,  507  head;  and  Sioux  at  Sisseton  Agency, 
437  head. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     649 

The  number  of  wa;40ii.s  purchased  from  July  1,  lS77,to  .Tune  .''>(>,  ISSI, 
was  3,558,  aud  duriiif;-  the  tis<;al  year  1882  there  were  purchased  aud  ship- 
ped to  ditfereut  a^^encies  00.3  wajjons.  luakiiip;  a  total  of  4,103  waj^ons 
purchased  for  tlie  Indian  service  in  six  years.  A  large  number  of  In- 
dians successfully  transport  their  goods  and  sui>plies  from  steamboat 
landings  aud  the  terniinus  of  the  railroads  to  their  agencies,  thereby 
earning  considerable  sums.  Over  $l.")(),0U0  were  remitted  during  the 
fiscal  year  1882  to  agents  for  payment  to  Indians  for  trans])ortation 
serWces  performed,  of  which  amount  the  Cheyennes  and  Arapahoes 
earned  819,000,  the  Kiowas,  Comanches  and  Wichitas  815,000,  the  Sioux 
of  Pine  Kidge  $51,000,  and  the  Sioux  at  Eosebud  $33,000.  The  freight- 
ers are  paid  at  the  rate  of  $1  to  $1.50  per  100  jtounds  ju'r  100  miles,  ac- 
cording to  the  condition  of  the  roads  over  which  the  sup])li<'s  are  carried. 
The  experiment  was  made  this  }  ear  of  having  the  "  wild  Cixnvs  in  Mon- 
tana" transport  their  supplies  from  the  steamboat  landing  (Huntley)  to 
their  agency,  and  it  has  so  far  proven  a  saccess. 

PURCHASE  OF  ANNUITY  GOODS  AND  SUPPLIES. 

Owing  to  the  late  date  when  the  appropriation  bill  for  the  support  of 
the  Indian  service  for  the  current  fiscal  year  was  passed  (May  17, 1882) 
bids  for  the  annuity  goods  and  supplies  required  for  the  fiscal  year  1883 
were  not  opened  in  2^ew  York  until  May  23,  last.  The  schedule  of  goods 
and  supplies  required  comprised  over  1,800  articles,  and  for  furnishing 
the  same  there  were  received  341  bids  at  the  opening  in  Xew  York,  and 
at  the  opening  at  San  Francisco,  on  the  15th  of  August  last,  27  bids 
wei-e  received,  making  a  total  of  3G8  sealed  bids  received  for  furnishing 
goods  and  supplies  for  the  present  fiscal  year;  207  contracts  were  exe- 
cuted, made  out  in  quadruplicate,  each  one  accompanied  with  a  bond 
for  the  faithful  performance  of  the  same.  The  contracts  in  Xew  York 
were  awarded  by  me,  with  the  assistance  of  the  Board  of  Indian  Com- 
missioners, and'  the  Hon.  J.  K.  ]\IcCammon,  representing  the  depart- 
ment, after  the  samples  oftered  with  the  bids  had  been  properly  exam- 
ined by  insj)ectors  appointed  for  that  purpose. 

It  is  of  the  utmost  importance  that  contracts  for  goods  and  supplies 
for  the  Indian  service  Ije  let  early  in  the  si)ring,and  I  cannot  too  strongly 
urge  ujjon  Congress  the  necessity  for  the  early  passage  of  the  appropri- 
ation bill  for  the  Indian  service.  The  amount  apjiropriatcd  for  the  dif- 
ferent tiibcs  and  bands  vaiies  every  year,  and  the  work  of  determining 
what  supplies  can  be  furnished  cannot  begin  until  after  the  ])assage  of 
the  ai)i)roi)riation  bill  by  Congress.  This  work  is  one  of  great  impor- 
tance, but,  owing  to  the  late  date  at  which  these  bills  are  jiassed,  has  to 
be  done  hastily,  at  niglit,  in  order  to  enable  this  othce  to  ju^'pan;  and 
have  i>riuted  schedules  of  all  articles  required.  A  large  ])ropt)rtion  of 
these  goods  and  sui)plies  are  for  agencies  on  the  Missouri  Iviver,  and 
they  have  to  be  shi]»ped  before  the  close  of  navigation,  which  occurs, 
on  an  average;  not  later  than  October  1.  liacon  purchased  at  these  late 
lettingsmust  be  shipped  during  the  hottest  summer  months,  and  of  the 
1,000,000  jiounds  purchased  every  year,  not  less  than  10  \wr  centum  is 
lost  by  shrinkage  in  transportation  during  the  warm  weather,  making 
an  annual  loss  of  over  sH^OOO  on  that  article  alone. 

The  delivery,  inspection,  and  shijuiu'nt  of  goods  is  mostly  done  in 
New  York,  in  a  warehouse  rented  for  that  ])urpose.  There  all  goods 
are  delivered,  jtroperly  marked  with  a  nund)er  which  must  correspontl 
with  the  number  on  the  invoice  of  the  articles  furnislied;  all  invoices 
must  be  made  out  in  (inadrnplicate,  and  must  gi\'e  the  numbei',  weight, 
and  contents  of  each  i>ackage  charged  for.     After  del i\  cry  of  the  goods, 


650  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

the.v  are  iii.spccted  l>y  a  ixm'soii  jqtpoiiited  lor  tliat  jaii-poso,  and  cacli 
jiacka^c  stamped  by  tlio  iiispcctor  with  liiis  name.  A  <*oi)y  of  each  iii- 
voicG  is  I'oiwarded  l)y  iirst  mail  to  the  a^eiit  lor  wiiom  the  j,^oo<ls  are 
inteiideel,  in  order  that  lie  may  compare  the  (piantities  received  with 
the  articles  invoiced.  A  comi)lcte  record  of  all  packages  received  and 
i3hip])ed  is  kept,  ftivinf(  the  name  of  the  articles,  date  of  inspection,  of 
shipment,  &c.  The  nundjer  of  packages  received  and  shipped  from 
May  23  to  October  15,  1882,  is  27,988,  the  total  weight  being  4,330,301 
pounds,  and,  as  in  every  year  since  1878,  not  one  package  remains  unac- 
counted for.  The  invoices  received  and  permanently  recorded  as  to 
numbers,  marks,  articles,  dates  of  receipt,  inspection,  and  shipment, 
routes  by  which  goods  were  forwarded,  and  names  of  transportation  con- 
tractors in  each  instance,  have  reached  the  number  of  4,224  sets,  of 
four  each,  three  of  which  are  transmitted  from  New  York  to  this 
office,  and  one  to  the  respective  agencies;  these  are  in  addition  to 
deliveries  of  goods  made  in  Western  cities,  the  ])a])ers  for  which  are 
received  in  New  York,  carefully  examined,  and  in  many  instances  re- 
turned for  correction  in  order  that  they  inay  be  in  proper  form  when 
presented  to  this  office  for  settlement.  A  detailed  record  of  each  shi])- 
ment  is  also  kept,  by  which  any  package  can  be  accurately  described 
in  event  of  its  being  lost  or  astray.  Bequisition  sheets  used  in  order- 
ing goods  from  the  various  contractors  number  050;  these  do  not  include 
the  orders  for  medical  supplies,  of  which  there  were  83. 

The  character  of  goods  delivered  indicates  a  steady  improvement  on 
the  part  of  contractors,  there  having  been  fewer  instances  of  goods  being 
rejected  than  in  any  previous  year.  The  clothing  particularly  is  worthy 
of  special  mention,  from  the  fact  that  in  former  years  more  trouble  was 
experienced  in  obtaining  goods  equal  to  contract  samples  than  in  all 
other  lines  combined.  This  year  contractors  appear  to  have  adopted 
a  rule  of  making  the  goods  as  much  better  than  sample  as  they  could 
afford;  the  inspector  having  repeatedly  stated  that  the  general  make-up 
equaled  the  best  class  of  ready-made  clothing  offered  for  sale  in  the  city. 
This  applies  also  to  brown  duck  clothing,  the  manufacturers  having  shown 
marked  improvement  and  entirely  overcome  difficulties  in  shaping  and 
fitting  which  two  years  ago  were  claimed  to  be  insurmountable,  owing 
to  the  stubborn  nature  of  the  material  used. 

The  inspectors,  with  one  exception,  have  responded  ])romptly  when 
called  upon,  and  performed  their  duties  faithfully  and  well. 

SANITARY  CONDITION  OF  THE  INDIANS. 

The  sanitary  status  of  the  Indians,  compared  with  preceding  years, 
shows  improvement.  The  number  of  cases  treated  during  the  year 
ending  June  30, 1882,  were,  males,  41,124;  females,  32,401) ;  total,  73,533. 
Number  of  cases  remaining  under  treatment  last  annual  report,  1,545 ; 
aggregate  under  treatment  during  the  year,  75,078;  recovered,  males, 
40,099 ;  females,  31,433 ;  total  recovered,  71,532. 

Died,  aged  over  five  years,  males 417 

Died,  aged  over  five  years,  femalea I^ssO 

Died,  aged  uuder  five  years,  males 202 

Died,  aged  under  five  years,  females 220 

Total  deaths i 1,225 

Eemaining  under  treatment  June  30,  1882,  2,321.  A  tabulated  state- 
ment will  be  found  facingpage  420showing  the  numberof  patients  treated 
and  respective  diseases.    The  most  formidable  of  the  diseases  noted 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OP  THE  INTERIOR.     651 

are  coiisiiniptiou  and  seromla;  the  scqttela  in  most  of  these  cases  noted 
beinj?  syphilitic  infection.  The  jireatest  morbific  agents  have  been,  in 
the  Southwest,  of  a  mahirious  character,  and  in  tlie  Northwest,  rheu- 
matic and  i)u]monary.  Tlie  number  of  births  reported  by  the  agency 
jjhysiciaus  were,  males,  (iOG;  females,  5515;  total  1)irllis,  1,151);  of  this 
number  1,040  are  Indians,  09  half-bree<ls,  and  11  are  whites.  The 
limited  number  of  births  rei)orted  is  accounted  for  by  the  peculiar  social 
custom  in  vogue  among  the  Indians,  which  causes  them  to  regard  the 
mention  of  a  birth  as  an  indelicacy,  and  which  juecludes  the  physicians 
from  ascertaining  and  reporting  any  except  those  which  come  under 
their  immediate  observation.  The  same  remarks  apply  also  to  the 
deaths.  The  nund^er  vaccinated  successfully  was  0,951 ;  unsuccessfully, 
2,029 ;  total  vaccinated,  8,980. 

The  me<lical  corps  consists  of  04  jdiysicians,  and  the  inference  is  that 
they  have  faithfully  performed  the  duty  assigned  them.  The  physicians 
are  steadily  gaining  the  contidenceof  the  Indians,  and  the])ower  of  the 
native  "medicine  man"  is  surely  and  gradually  waning.  The  marked 
contrast  between  the  civilized  method  of  caring  for  the  sick,  comj^ared 
with  the  barbarous  method  of  the  native  "medicine  man,"  has  accom- 
plished and  is  accomplishing  much  to  induct  the  Indians  into  the  meth- 
ods and  customs  of  Christian  and  civilized  mankind.  To  the  untu- 
tored mind  of  the  Indians  every  action,  to  be  eftective,  must  have  a 
practical  bearing ;  every  endeavor  to  advance  them  in  the  scale  of  civil- 
ization must  present  a  ])hase  looking  to  their  indivicUial  temporal  wx'll- 
being.  This  is  strictly  true  and  demonstrable  as  to  the  physician's  skill 
and  surgeon's  art. 

When  the  length  of  time  (three  or  four  years)  which  is  required  for 
the  physician  to  familiarize  himself  with  the  language,  habits,  and  mental 
peculiarities  of  Indians  is  taken  into  consideration,  and  also  the  diplo- 
macy which  is  required  to  obtain  and  maintain  their  confidence,  it  is 
obvious  that  it  is  specially  desirable  to  procure  etlicient  and,  if  i)ossible, 
permanent  medical  othcers  of  pronounced  moral  and  t«'mperate  habits, 
of  great  will  power,  capable  of  making  good  and  enduring  imi>res8ions 
on  the  Indians.  It  is  detrimental  to  the  service  to  be  continually  chang- 
ing medical  officers. 

In  connection  with  ])ermanent  medical  oflicers,  a  system  shouhl  be 
inaugurated  of  caring  for  the  blind,  insane,  and  destitute  aged  Indians. 

COAL  DISCOVERIES  ON  THE  WHITE  MOUNTAIN  INDIAN  RESERVATION, 

ARIZONA. 

In  the  early  part  of  last  year  valuable  de])osits  of  coal  were  discov- 
ered Awthin  the  limits  of  what  is  generally  known  as  the  San  Carlos 
division  of  the  White  Mountain  Indian  lieservation  in  Arizona  Terri- 
tory. Owing  to  the  scarcity  of  wood  or  other  fuel  in  that  section  of 
Arizona,  the  news  of  the  discoveries  created  intcDse  excitement,  and 
speculators,  miners,  and  prospectors  poured  in  ui)on  the  reservation, 
thereby  greatly  endangering  the  peace  of  the  Territory.  No  serious 
trouble  occurred,  however,  aud  by  the  exercise  of  promi)t  and  vigorous 
measures  the  reservation  was  finally  cleared  of  intruders  and  trancpul- 
lity  restored. 

Various  expedients  were  then  resorted  to  in  order  to  obtain  lawful 
l)OSsession  of  the  discoveries.  Appeals  were  made  for  the  segregation 
of  the  coal-bearing  lands  from  the  reservation;  recpiests  for  leases  were 
presented,  and  proi)osals  submitted  for  an  exchange  of  tin'  coal  lands 
for  lands  adjacent  to  the  reservation  elsewhere.    A  bill  was  introduced 


052  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 

in  Conj^ress  (TI.  R.  414(»)  huvinj?  for  its  object  tli(3  restoration  of  tlio 
lands  enil)rat;in<;-  llio  coal  l)e<ls  to  tlie  i)ublic  domain,  as  Avell  as  a  strip 
extondin*;'  alon*;'  the  entii'c  wostern  boundary  of  the  r<*servation.  An- 
other bill,  liavint;-  a  similar  object  (II.  IJ.  a.'JTS),  provides  for  an  exchange 
of  the  coal-bearing-  lands  for  j^razing-  and  arable  lands  to  be  added  to 
tlie  reservation  on  the  north  and  west.  The  practicability  of  removinj^ 
the  Indians  to  the  Indian  Territory  was  discussed,  and  a  projjosition 
of  that  kind  was  i)resented  to  the  Indians  themselves;  but  it  was  found 
that  they  were  decidedly  and  unalterably  opposed  to  any  such  meas- 
ure. 

This  office  has  been  in  sympathy  with  the  general  desire  to  have 
these  valuable  deposits  made  available  to  the  public  use,  but  how  to 
accomplish  that  end  without  working-  injustice  to  the  Indians  has  been 
a  question  requiring-  serious  consideration.  General  Sherman,  when  on 
a.  recent  visit  to  the  San  Carlos  reserve,  expressed  the  opinion  that  the 
Indians  could  never  be  prevailed  upon  to  remove  again,  and  it  is  exceed- 
ingly doubtful  if  they  would  be  satisfied  with  any  fuither  redaction  of 
their  reservation,  it  having-  already  been  cut  down  no  less  than  live 
times  within  the  last  ten  years.  Tlio  government  cannot  undertake  to 
work  the  mines,  nor  are  the  Indians  sufficiently  advanced  as  artisans 
or  in  ordinary  numual-iabor  pursuits  to  do  so  advantageously,  had  they 
the  necessary  authority  to  enable  them  to  dispose  of  the  coal  as  a  means 
of  i)rofit  to  themselves.  INIoreover,  under  existing  law  there  is  no  author- 
ity for  permitting-  the  severance  and  removal  from  an  Indian  reservation, 
for  purposes  of  sale  or  speculation,  of  any  material  attached  to  or  forming 
a  part  of  the  realty,  such  as  timber,  coal,  or  other  minerals. 

After  carefully  considering  the  questions  involved,  this  office  became 
convinced  that  the  mogt  practicable  solution  of  the  matter  would  be  the 
adoi)tion  of  a  system  of  leasing  upon  a  royalty  plan;  and  accordingly  a 
draft  of  a  joint  resolution  was  prepared  in  this  office  and  submitted  to 
the  department  in  April  last  with  a  view  to  securing  the  needful  legis- 
lation therefor.  It  aa  as  believed  that  by  this  means  a  very  large  part 
of  the  annual  expenditure  for  the  support  and  care  of  the  Indians  of 
Arizona  and  Xew  Mexico  might  be  reimbursed  to  the  government  from 
the  profit  of  the  mines  without  hardship  to  consumers,  and  that  the 
Indians  themselves  would  be  greatly  benetited,  not  only  by  the  example 
of  industry  set,  but  through  the  opportunit.y  that  would  be  aliorded 
them  to  earn  wages  bj'  their  own  labor.  The  draft  of  resolution  as 
prepared,  was  transmitted  to  Congress  by  the  President  on  April  17, 
following,  but  no  final  action  had  been  taken  thereon  at  the  date  of 
adjournment. 

The  following  is  the  language  of  the  resolution: 

JOINT  KESOLUTIOX  authorizing  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  to  lease  certain  coal  lands  embraced 
withiu  the  limits  of  the  Whito  Mountain  Indian  Eeservation  in  the  Territory  of  Arizona. 

Whereas  it  has  bepii  discovered  that  large  and  valuable  deposits  of  coal  exist  vfithin 
the  limits  of  the  White  Mouutaiu  Ecservation,  iu  the  Territory  of  Arizoua,  a  reserva- 
tion set  apart  by  sundry  executive  orders;  and 

Whereas  it  '.vonld  be  contrary  to  the  practice,  if  not  beyond  the  lawful  power  ot 
the  executive  department  of  the  government  having  the  management  and  control  of 
the  Indians  and  the  Indian  gouutry.  to  remove  the  coal  there  known  to  exist,  or  to 
permit  its  removal  for  the  purpose  of  profit,  or  for  any  purpose  other  than  to  meet  the 
necessary  wants  of  the  Indians  or  the  agency  or  military  service  in  the  care  and  over- 
sight of  the  Indians,  without  the  express  authorit\'  of  C\)ngress  therefor;  and 

Whereas  the  giiveinmeut  is  ex])ending  annually  not  less  than  three  hundred  thou- 
sand dollars  for  the  support  of  the  Apache  and  other  Indians  in  Arizona  and  New 
Mexico,  which  amount,  it  is  suggested  by  the  executive  department  aforesaid,  might 
be  largelj"  if  not  wholly  reimbursed  to  the  government  without  hardship  to  those 
who  would  be  the  natural  purchasers  and  cousumera  thereof,  if  said  coal  were  made 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     653 

available  as  an  article  of  commerce,  by  leasing  the  coal-bearing  lands  to  persona  wbo 
would  mine  the  same  if  permitted  to  do  so:  Therefore, 

Be  if  resolved  by  the  Senate  and  Uoune  of  RepresenttitiveB  of  the  United  States  of  America 
in  Congreaa  asuemlfled.  That  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  be.  and  he  is  hereby,  authorized 
and  empowered  to  lease,  aft^^'r  duo  public  a^lvertisement  in  not  less  than  three  news- 
])a[iers  having  the  largest  regular  circulation  in  the  Territory  of  Arizona,  for  a  period 
of  not  less  than  thirty  days,  to  the  highest  responsible  bidder  for  cash,  on  a  system  or 
basis  of  royalty,  under  such  terms,  restrictions,  and  limitations  as  in  his  best  judg- 
im-nt  ho  may  see  fit  to  require,  and  in  such  tracts  or  jiareels  aa  he  may  deem  proper 
and  necessary  for  tlie  public  good,  any  or  all  of  the  coal  beds  now  known  to  exist,  or 
that  may  hereafter  be  discovcrt'd.  within  the  limits  of  said  reservation:  the  moneys 
accrniug  therefrom  to  be  covered  into  tlui  Treasury  of  tho  United  .St.ites  in  reimburse- 
ment of  any  moneys  that  may  hereafter  bo  appropriated  for  tho  support  and  care  of 
the  said  Apache  and  other  Indians  in  Arizona  and  New  Mexico:  Provided,  That  if  any 
amount  in  excess  of  tho  sum  required  annually  to  maintain  and  care  for  said  Indians 
shall  be  realized  from  the  lease  or  leases  that  may  bo  executed  under  the  authority  of 
this  act,  such  amount  shall  l)e  used  to  reimbuvst?  the  government  for  any  moneys  that 
may  hereafter  be  appropriated  for  the  support  and  care  of  any  of  the  other  bands  or 
tribes  of  Indians  in  the  Southwest. 

I  respectfully  renew  my  recommendations  in  respect  of  the  foregoing. 

HUALAPAIS. 

The  condition  and  wants  of  the  Hualapai  Indians  in  Arizona  were 
referred  to  in  my  last  annual  report,  and  mention  was  made  of  the  fact 
tliat  at  their  request  General  Willcox  had  ordered  that  a  tract  about  30 
miles  wide  and  100  miles  long,  lying  along  a  bend  in  the  Colorado  River, 
beset  apart  jj^  a ''military  reservation  for  the  subsistence  and  better 
control  of  the  Hualapais  Indians."  General  Willcox,  in  a  communica- 
tion to  the  Secretary  of  War  dated  June  30,  1882,  earnestly  recom- 
mended tliat  tbe  reservation  prescribed  in  Geneial  Orders  No.  16,  series 
of  1881,  Headquarters  Department  of  Arizona,  a.s  above,  be  cx)nfirmed 
by  the  President,  and  that  further  steps  be  taken  for  the  cai-e  and  pro- 
tection of  these  Indians. 

In  a  report  dated  S<?])tember  5,  1882,  I  submitted  a  draft  of  an  exec- 
utive order  setting  aside  the  country  within  tho  boundaries  named  in 
General  Orders  o^o.  16  as  a  reservation  for  tho  Hualapais  Indians,  with 
tho  recommendation  that  the  same  be  laid  before  the  President  for  his 
approval.  Should  this  ordor  receive  the  approval  of  the  President, 
tlie  reservation,  wliich  lias  heretofore  been  nndor  tho  control  of  the  mil- 
itary auth(Mities.  will  be  subject  to  the  jurisdiction  of  this  department, 
and  with  tho  Indians  tli<noon  sliould  be  assigned  to  tho  care  of  the 
agent  at  the  nearest  existing  agency.  Proper  api)ropriations  sliould  be 
made  by  Congress  for  tho  care  and  support  of  those  Indians. 

TJTES. 

The  Ute  Commission,  appointed  under  authority  of  the  Utc  agree- 
iiiont  act,  approved  Juno  1."),  ISSO,  to  carry  out  certain  i>rovisions  of 
said  act,  though  somewhat  changed  in  personnel,  is  still  in  existence, 
the  iini)ortant  work  ]o(|uii-od  of  it  not  having  boon  completed.  Tho 
commissionors  are  now  in  the  held  attondinc:  to  divers  duties. 

Tho  surveys  for  tho  Uncompahgro  and  AN'hite  IJiver  I7tes,  necessary 
to  the  allotment  of  lands  in  severalty,  as  provided  in  tho  agreement, 
are  being  «'xecutod  under  direction  of  the  General  Land  Otlice.  The 
surveys  for  the  Southern  I'tes  have  been  made  in  the  field  and  returned 
to  tho  (General  Land  Ofhce  in  ]tart. 

By  act  of  Congress  ajiproved  .Inly  28,  1882,  all  that  portion  of  the 
lUe  Reservation  in  Colorado  lately  occupied  by  tho  Uncompahgre  and 
White  River  Utes  is  declared  to  be  public  land  of  the  United  States, 


654  PAPERS    ACCOMPAXYING    THE 

and  fsul)jo<-t  to  disposal  in  accordance  witb  tlio  provisions  and  under  the 
restrictions  and  limitations  of  section  3  of  the  Ute  agreement  act,  with 
certain  exceptions  in  respect  of  prior  lawful  entries,  settlements,  and 
locations  made  upon  the  "ten-mile  strip"  on  the  eastern  border  thereof. 

COMMISSION   TO  SIOUX  OF  DAKOTA. 

A  commission  composed  of  Messrs.  Newton  Edmunds,  Peter  0.  Shan- 
non, and  James  H.  Teller  was  recently  appointed,  under  authority- 
contained  in  the  act  making  appropriations  for  the  sundry  civil  expenses 
of  the  government,  a[)proved  August  7,  1882,  to  negotiate  with  the 
Sioux  Indians  for  such  moditicatiou  of  existing  treaties  and  agreements 
with  said  Indians  as  may  be  deemed  desirable  by  the  Indians  and  the 
Secretary  of  the  Interior. 

Under  date  September  16  (ultimo)  specific  instructions  were  issued 
by  this  bureau  for  the  g^uidance  of  the  commissioners  in  the  delicate 
and  responsible  duties  with  which  they  are  intrusted.  They  are  now 
in  the  held,  diligently  engaged  in  the  work  assigned  them.  The  main 
jiurpose  is  to  ascertain  w^hether  the  Indians  are  willing  to  cede  to  the 
TJnited  States  any  portion  of  their  reservation  in  Dakota,  and,  if  so, 
what  portion  and  upon  what  terms. 

FORT  HALL  RESERVE,   IDAHO. 

At  the  last  session  of  Congress  bills  (S.  1643  and  H.  E.  3503)  to  ratify 
the  agreement  of  May  14, 1880,  with  the  Shoshone  and  Bannack  Indians 
for  the  cession  of  a  portion  of  the  southern  half  of  the  Fort  Hall  lleser- 
vation,  including  Marsh  Valley  and  the  settlements  therein,  were  rein- 
troduced. On  the  8th  March  last  the  bill  was  favorably  reported 
from  the  House  Committee  on  Indian  Affairs  (Report  No.  658),  but  it 
does  not  appear  that  any  further  action  was  taken.  It  is  hoped  that 
Congress  will  dispose  of  this  long-pending  matter  early  in  the  ensuing 
session,  and  thereby  open  up  some  325,000  acres  of  land  to  settlement. 

ALLOTSIENTS  TO  NEZ  PERCYS  IN  IDAHO. 

The  third  article  of  the  Nez  Perce  treaty  of  June  9,  1863  (14  Stat.,  p. 
648),  stipulates  that — 

The  President  shall,  immediately  after  tlie  ratification  of  this  treaty,  cause  the 
boundary  Hues  to  be  surveyed  aud  properly  marked  and  established  ;  after  which,  so 
much  of  the  lauds  hereby  reserved  as  may  be  suitable  for  cultivation  shall  be  sur- 
veyed into  lots  of  twenty  acres  each,  and  every  male  person  of  the  tribe  who  shall 
have  attained  the  age  of  twenty-one  years,  or  is  the  head  of  a  family,  shall  have  the 
privilege  of  locating  upon  oue  lot  as  a  permanent  home  for  such  person. 

A  portion  of  this  reservation  has  been  surveyed  into  twenty-acre 
tracts,  and  the  Indians  have  taken  steps  to  establish  permanent  homes 
on  the  reservation,  but  in  larger  tracts  than  the  treaty  provides.  The 
Lapwai  Reservation,  whose  outbouudaries  have  been  surveyed,  contains 
746,651  acres,  upon  which  there  is  a  population  of  1,236  persons.  To 
limit  allotments  to  twenty  acres,  as  provided  in  said  treaty,  when  there 
is  a  superabundance  of  land  for  an  allotment  of  much  larger  size  to 
every  Indian  residing  thereon,  seems  a  great  hardship  and  looks  like 
a  palpable  wrong  to  those  desiring  to  make  a  permanent  home.  Recom- 
mendation is  therefore  made  that  Congress  be  asked  to  adopt  such 
legislation  as  will  authorize  them  to  take  an  ample  quantity  of  laud  for 
their  home  and  residence. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     655 
MIAMIES  OF  KANSAS. 

An  act  of  CoDgress  a]ipiove(l  May  15, 188L',  jjiovidod  for  the  disposal 
and  sale  of  the  niiallutted  lauds  of  the  jMiauii  Indians  in  Kansas,  in- 
cluding' the  school  sections,  the  net  proceeds  of  the  sales  of  said  lands 
to  belong  to  said  Miami  Indians,  and  to  be  disposed  of  as  now  provided 
by  law.    The  fourth  section  ])rovided  that  the  act 

Shall  not  ia  any  way  alleot  the  rights  or  claims  of  those  individual  Miamies,  or 
persons  of  Indian  blood  or  desceul,  who  are  named  in  the  corrected  list  referred  to  in 
the  Senate  amendiuent  to  the  fourth  article  of  the  treat v  of  June  fifth,  eighteen  hun- 
dred and  fifty-four,  or  their  doscendants.  And  that  before  the  proceeds  which  have 
been,  or  may  hereafter  be  realized  from  tlie  sale  of  said  lands  shall  be  applied  for  any 
purpose,  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  shall  obtain  the  opinion  of  the  Attorney-General 
as  to  what  rights  or  interests,  if  any,  said  persons  have  or  had  in  and  to  said  lands. 

A  full  statement  of  the  facts  ujion  which  the  ojiinion  of  the  Attorney- 
General  was  required  was  submitted  to  the  department  under  date  ot 
,Iune  12th,  1882.  In  an  opinion  dated  July  7,  1882,  the  honorable  At- 
torney-General held : 

Ist.  That  the  lands  which  have  been  or  are  to  be  sold,  and  the  proceeds  distributed 
by  the  act  of  May  IHth,  188'2,  were  set  apart,  assigned  to,  and  were  for  the  sole  benefit 
of,  the  Miami  tribe  of  Indians,  meaning  thereby  those  who  at  the  time  of  the  survey 
of  the  reservation  had  emigrated  and  settled  on  the  lands. 

2d.  That  this  division  of  these  Indians  only  are  entitled  to  the  iiroceeds  of  the  sales 
of  the  residue  mentioned  in  the  second  article  of  the  treaty  of  .June  5,  1854,  being  the 
same  lands  referred  to  in  the  third  section  of  the  act  of  May  1."),  1882. 

IJd.  That  "those  individual  Mianiios,  or  persons  of  Miami  blood  or  descent,  who  are 
named  in  the  corrected  list  refened  to  in  the  Senate  amendment  to  the  fourth  article 
of  the  treaty  of  .lune  .'),  lbr)4,  and  their  descendants."  have  no  title  or  claim  to,  or  in- 
terest in,  the  said  residue  or  the  proceeds  of  the  sales  thereof. 

In  my  judgment  they  never  had  any  part  or  lot  in  the  reserved  lands. 

KICKAPOO  ALLOTTEES  UNDER  TREATY  OF   1862. 

Attention  was  called  in  my  last  annual  report  to  the  condition  of  af- 
fairs relative  t<>  the  estates  of  deceased  and  minor  allottees,  under  the 
provisions  of  the  Kickapoo  treaty  of  June  28,  18G2  (l.'j  Stat.,  623),  and 
to  the  fact  that  the  treaty  contained  no  provision  by  which  female  allot- 
tees could  Viecome  citizens  and  obtain  patents  for  their  lands.  A  bill 
was  prepared  in  this  otlice,  in  accordance  with  the  views  expressed  in 
that  re]Mnt,  providing  for  the  settlement  of  the  estates  of  deceased  al- 
lottees and  extending  the  benefits  of  the  treaty  to  all  adult  allottees, 
M'ithout  regard  to  their  being  "males  and  heads  of  iiunilies,"  which  was 
submitted  to  Congress  by  your  predecessor  through  the  President  on 
the  13th  of  January  last.  (Senate  Ex.  Doc.  No.  55,  Forty-seventh  Con- 
gress, first  session.)  This  bill  (Senate  No.  1)32)  ])assed  the  Senate  on 
the  2fHh  of  March,  1882,  but  no  action  appears  to  have  been  taken 
tiiereon  in  the  House  of  Uepresentatives.  It  is  important  that  the  lull 
should  be  favorably  at-ted  upon  by  the  House  and  become  a  law  at  the 
next  session  of  Congress. 

SALE   DP   KICKAPOO   LANDS   IN   KANSAS. 

lieference  was  also  made  in  the  last  annual  report  to  certain  tracts 
of  land  reserved  by  said  Kickajmo  treaty  as  a  site  for  a  saw  and 
gii  t  mill,  and  for  missionary  purposes  respectively,  which  were  to 
i)e  disi)osed  of  when  the  objects  for  which  they  were  reserved  should 
be  accomplished,  in  siu'Ji  manner  and  for  such  a  purpo.^c  "as  may  be 
provided  by  law."  An  act  of  Congress  api)roved  .Fuly  28,  1882, 
authorizes  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  to  cause  to  be  api)rais('(l 
and  sold,  for  cash,  to  the  highest  bidder,  after  due  advertisement,  in 
tracts  not  exceeding  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  to  any  t»ne  i)erson, 
the  tractB  reserved  for  mill-site  and  missionary  and  agency  purposes, 


65 G  PAPERS    ACCOMPANyiNG   THE 

uo  trjuits  to  bo  sold  for  less  than  the  appraised  value  thereof,  and  in  no 
case  for  less  than  six  dollars  per  acre.  The  net  i)roceeds  of  the  sales  of 
these  lands  arc  to  be  dejjosited  in  the  Treasury  of  the  United  States  to 
the  credit  of  the  Jvickapoo  tribe  of  Indians,  and  are  to  bear  interest  at 
the  rate  of  four  per  centum  per  annum.  The  Secretary  of  the  Interior 
is  authorized  to  expend  the  inter<est  annually  accumulating  thereon  and 
all  or  any  part  of  the  principal  fund,  at  such  time  and  in  such  manner 
as  he  may  deem  expedient  for  the  best  interests  of  said  Indians. 

The  designation  of  H.  C.  Linn,  former  in  charge  of  the  Pottawatomie 
agency,  and  the  register  and  receiver  of  the  hind  office  at  Topeka,  Kans., 
as  appraisers,  for  the  purpose  of  carrying  out  the  provisions  of  the  act, 
was  recommended  in  office  report  dated  August  31,  1882. 

CEEEK  AND  SEMINOLE  BOUNDARY. 

This  subject  was  fully  considered  in  my  annual  report  of  last  year, 
and  the  action  of  the  department  and  of  these  two  nations  stated.  The 
attention  of  the  department  was  again  called  to  the  subject  in  a  report 
dated  January  9,  1882,  recommending  the  ratification  by  Congress  of 
an  agreement  made  February  14,  1881,  by  the  Creek  Indians,  to  sell  to 
the  United  States  a  portion  of  their  lands  for  the  use  of  the  Seminole 
Indians.     Said  agreement  is  as  follows : 

Under  the  provisious  of  tlie  act  of  March  3,  1873  (17  Stcat.,  p.  626),  the  Secretary  of 
the  Interior  was  authorized  to  negotiate  witli  the  Creek  Indians  "  lor  the  relinquish- 
ment to  the  United  States  of  sncli  poiitions  of  their  country  as  may  have  been  set 
apart  in  accordance  with  treaty  stipulations  for  the  use  of  the  Semiuolcs  and  the  Sacs 
and  Foxes  of  the  Mississippi  tribes  of  Indians  respectively  found  to  be  east  of  the  line 
separating  the  Creek  ceded  lands  from  the  Creek  Reservation,  and  also  to  negotiate 
and  arrange  with  said  tribes  for  a  final  and  i»ermanent  adjustment  of  their  reserva- 
tions." 

So  much  of  said  act  as  relates  to  the  Sacs  and  Foxes  has  been  carried  into  effect 
by  their  removal  to  their  jiroper  location  on  lands  west  of  the  said  "dividing  line." 
The  Seminoles,  however,  are  still  occupying  the  lands  belonging  to  the  Creeks,  for 
which  occupancy  the  Creeks  have  as  yet  received  no  compensation,  from  the  fact  that 
no  agreement  could  be  arrived  at  between  them  and  the  United  States  as  to  the  price 
per  acre  to  be  paid  to  the  said  Creeks  by  the  United  States  for  said  lands. 

The  undersigned,  members  of  the  Creek  delegation  resident  in  Washington,  duly 
authorized  to  act  in  the  premises,  both  by  .appointment  for  general  purposes  under  the 
certificate  of  the  governor  under  the  national  seal,  and  also  by  special  action  of  the 
nation.al  council  in  this  instance,  copies  of  which  general  and  special  authority  are 
hereto  attached,  do  promise  and  agree  for  themselves  and  for  their  nation  that  they 
will  sell,  cede,  and  dispose  of  the  lands  now  occupied  by  the  Seminoles  belonging  to 
the  Creek  Nation  to  the  United  States  for  the  siim  of  one  hundred  and  seventy-live 
thous.and  dollars. 

And  the  said  Creek  delegation  do  hereby  agree,  for  and  on  behalf  of  said  nation, 
that  they  will  cede  to  the  United  States,  and  do  hereby  cede,  a  strip  of  land  in  the 
Indian  Territory,  now  occupied  by  the  Seminole  Nation  of  Indians,  lying  east  of  the 
said  line  dividing  the  Creek  lands  from  the  lands  ceded  to  the  United  States  in  the 
treaty  of  Juno  14,  1806 ;  bounded  on  the  north  by  the  North  Fork  of  the  Canadian 
River;  on  the  south  by  the  Canadian  River;  on  the  west  by  the  dividing-line  be- 
tween the  Creek  Reservation  .and  the  lands  ceded  under  treaty  of  1860  abo^e  noted; 
and  on  the  east  by  a  line  running  north  and  south  between  the  rivers  named,  so  far 
cast  of  said  divisional  line  as  Avill  comprise  within  said  described  boundaries  one  hun- 
dred and  seventy-five  thousand  (175,000)  a<:res,  at  the  price  of  one  dollar  (SI)  per 
.acre ;  said  cession  to  be  in  full  force  and  effect  when  the  sum  of  one  hundred  and 
seventv-five  thousand  dollars  shall  have  been  deposited  in  tie  Treasury  of  the  United 
Statosto  the  credit  of  the  Creek  Nation,  to  draw  interest  at  the  rate  allowed  in  the 
treaty  of  .Juno  14,  1866,  wherein  certain  of  their  lands  in  Indian  Territory  were  ceded 
to  the  United  St.ites ;  and  one-third  of  said  fund  shall  be  forever  set  aside  for  educa- 
tional purposes,  and  the  remaining  two-thirds  shall  be  subject  to  such  use  as  the 
Creek  Council  shall  determine. 

WARD  COACHMAN. 
PLEASANT  PORTER, 
DAVID  M.  HODGE, 

Creek  Delegation. 

Washixgtox,  D.  C,  February  14, 1881. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     657 

With  this  report  was  submitted  the  draft  of  a  bill  to  accept  and 
ratify  said  ap-eement,  providiuj;-  that  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasn."*- 
should  set  apart  and  hold  as  a  peipetual  fund,  as  provided  in  theafjiee- 
inent,  in  trust  for  the  Creek  Nation,  the  sum  of  8175,000,  to  bear  inter- 
est at  5  per  cent,  per  annum;  and  also  providing,-  that  the  lands 
ceded  to  the  United  States  should  be  set  ai)art  for  the  exclusive  use 
and  occupancy  of  the  Seminole  Nation  of  Indians,  to  be  held  by  the 
same  title  as  they  hold  their  lands  under  the  treaty  of  March  21,  180G, 
when  the  Seminoles  should  have  relinquished  to  the  United  States  the 
same  quantity  of  laud  from  the  west  side  of  the  present  reserve,  and 
when  said  relinquishment  should  have  been  ai)proved  by  the  Secretary 
of  the  Interior  and  duly  recorded  in  this  oflice ;  and  providing^,  fur- 
ther, for  an  appropriation  of  $3,000,  or  so  nuich  thereof  as  might  l>e 
necessary,  to  establish  the  outboundaries  of  said  areas  of  land. 

By  the  deficiency  ap])ropriatiou  act  of  August  5,  1882,  the  sum  of 
$175,000,  as  per  agreement  made  February  14,  1881,  in  pursuance  o£ 
the  act  of  March  3,  1873,  was  appropriated  to  pay  the  Creek  Nation  ot 
Indians  for  175,000  acres  of  land  now  occupied  by  the  Seminole  Nation. 

As  no  appropriation  was  made  to  pay  the  expense  of  a  survey  of  the 
outboundaries  of  said  purchase,  and  the  necessity  of  establishing  per- 
manent boundary  lines,  clearly  defining  the  divisional  line  between  the 
Seminoles  and  Creeks,  is  apparent,  I  recommend  that  an  appropriation 
suflicient  to  enable  the  department  to  establish  said  boundaries  be  made, 
which  should  be  in  addition  to  the  $100,000  asked  for  in  the  regular 
estimates. 

FREED  iEEN  IN  INDIAN  TERRITORY. 

The  rights  guaranteed  to  the  freedmen  in  the  Indian  Ten^tory  by 
treaty  stipulations  have  been  ignored,  and  so  far  as  their  interests  are 
involved  the  treaties  themselves  have  been  virtually  set  aside,  both  by 
the  Indians  and  by  the  government. 

Cherokee  Nation. — By  the  fourth  article  of  the  Cherokee  treaty  of 
July  19,  18GG  (14  Stats.,  p.  800),  a  tract  of  country  iu  the  Cherokee 
reservation,  known  as  the  Canadian  District,  was  set  apart  for  the 
settlement  and  occupancy  of — 

All  the  Cberokoes  and  froeil  persons  who  were  t'ormerly  slaves  of  any  Chcrokte, 
and  all  free  noj^ocs  not  having  been  »uch  slaves,  who  resided  in  the  Cherokee  Nation 
prior  to  June  first,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty-one,  who  may  within  two  years  elect 
not  to  reside  northeast  of  Iho  Arkansas  River  and  southeast  of  Grand  River. 

By  the  fifth  article  provision  was  made  that  those  inhabitants  elect- 
ing to  reside  in  said  district  might  elect  local  otlicers.  Judges,  &c., 
control  all  their  local  affairs,  establish  rules  and  regulations  for  the 
administration  of. justice  in  sai<l  district  not  inconsistent  with  the 
Cherokee  constitution  or  the  laws  of  the  United  States.  By  the  ninth 
article  the  Cherokee  Nation  further  agreed  that  all  freedmen  who  had 
been  liberated  by  the  voluntary  act  of  their  former  ownci's  or  by  law, 
as  well  as  all  free  colored  persons  who  were  iu  the  country  at  the  com- 
mencement of  the  rebellion  and  were  residents  tlu'rein  at  the  time  ot 
the  treaty,  or  who  returned  within  six  months,  and  their  descendants, 
should  have  all  the  rights  of  native  Cherokees,  2)roci(ied  no  i)ay  or  com- 
pensation should  be  paid  for  the  slaves  so  emancipated.  The  tenth 
article  declared  that  every  Cherokee  and  freed  person  resident  in  the 
Cherokee  Nation  should  have  the  right  to  sell  the  products  of  their 
farms,  including  live  stock,  merchandise,  or  manufactured  products, 
and  to  shij)  and  drive  the  same  to  market  without  restraint. 

A  bill  to  enforce  tlie  ninth  article  of  the  treaty  of  1800,  e^'c.  (S.  648) 
was  introduced  in  the  Senate  of  the  Unite<l  States  by  Senator  Ingalla 
43  Ab 


658  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 

June  3,  1870,  and  roi)ort('(l  Juno  4,  1880,  by  Senator  WillianiR,  amend- 
ing said  l)ill  so  as  to  autliorizc  the  President  of  the  United  States  to 
enter  into  negotiations  with  tlic  Clierokee  Kation  lor  the  ])ur})Ose  of 
finally  settling  the  status  and  rights  of  the  colored  people  in  said, 
nation,  ])rovided  that  such  negotiations  must  be  a])proved  by  Congress; 
but  110  subsecpient  action  was  taken  thereon.  Uy  an  act  of  the  Chero- 
kee Council,  approved  December  G,  1870,  the  Cherokee  delegates  were 
authorized  and  instructed  to  make  arrangements  for  negotiation  or 
otherwise  with  the  government  whereby  existing  difficulties  and  em- 
barra,ssments  between  the  nation  and  the  government  might  be  Jinally 
settled,  resjiecting  the  status  and  rights  of  the  colored  people  as  stip- 
ulated in  the  treaty  of  18GG. 

On  the  28th  of  June,  1880,  the  Cherokee  delegates  called  the  atten- 
tion of  this  bureau  to  said  act,  stating  that  the  nation  was  anxious  to 
settle  the  question,  while  the  department  acknowledged  the  necessity 
for  action  to  relieve  this  office  of  embarrassment  in  the  administration 
of  law  in  the  premises,  and  requested  that  a  commissioner  or  representa- 
tive of  the  department  attend  the  Cherokee  Council  at  its  next  meeting. 
Accordingly  Agent  Tufts  was  directed,  October  IG,  1880,  to  attend  said 
council  and  endeavor  to  secure  such  legislation  as  would  secure  the 
colored  people  the  rights  guaranteed  them  in  the  treaty  of  18G6.  Agent 
Tufts  attended  said  council,  and,  after  a  full  interchange  of  views,  the 
council  passed  an  act  which  was  approved  November  23, 1880  (see  Cher- 
okee Laws,  p.  325,  edition  of  1881),  authorizing  the  principal  chief  to 
appoint  three  commissioners  on  the  part  of  the  nation  to  confer  with 
John  Q.  Tufts,  United  States  Indian  agent,  for  the  purjiose  of  draught- 
ing articles  of  agreement  for  the  final  settlement  of  the  status  of  the 
colored  j)eople  residing  in  the  nation  and  embraced  in  the  treaty  of  July 
19, 1866,  said  articles  of  agreement  to  be  first  submitted  to  the  national 
council  for  approval,  and,  when  approved,  submitted  to  the  Commis- 
sioner of  Indian  Affairs  for  ratification  by  Congress,  Agent  Tufts  met 
the  commissioners  appointed,  but  soon  discovered  that  no  action  grant- 
ing the  freedmen  the  rights  to  which  they  were  entitled  would  be  enter- 
tained by  them.  It  was  decided,  therefore,  to  refer  the  matter  to  the 
next  council,  which  met  in  November,  1881,  when  a  general  discussion 
was  had,  but  no  action  was  taken.  In  his  report  of  January  26,  1882, 
Agent  Tufts  states  that — 

It  is  unpopular  in  tlie  Cherokee  Nation  to  advocate  a  measure  that  provides  for 
placing  tlie  colored  man  on  an  equality  -with  Cherokees,  and  the  politicians  are 
civilized  enough  to  do  nothing  that  might  lessen  their  chances  for  political  success; 
hence  until  the  sentiment  shall  undergo  a  revolution  there  will  be  no  favorable  action. 

From  the  hesitancy  heretofore  shown  by  the  nation  to  carry  out  in 
good  faith  toward  the  colored  people  simply  what  has  been  granted 
them  by  the  treat}-,  I  am  convinced  that  the  nation  will  not  fix  and 
settle  the  status  of  the  colored  people  until  a  more  peremptory  demand 
is  made  on  the  nation  to  execute  the  conditions  of  their  treaty  respect- 
ing them. 

Many  of  the  colored  people  speak  the  Cherokee  language,  and  having 
been  brought  up  among  Cherokees  and  accustomed  to  their  ways,  it 
Avould  be  a  hardship  to  remove  them  from  that  country,  and  remaining 
in  the  nation,  they  should  be  accorded  all  their  rights.  Agent  Tufts 
recommended  the  appointment  of  a  commission  to  visit  the  agency 
with  authority  to  hear  evidence  and  determine  the  question  whether 
the  claimants  were  freedmen  liberated  by  vohmtary  act  of  owner,  or 
by  law,  or  whether  they  were  free  colored  persons  and  in  the  country 
at  the  commencement  of  the  rebellion  j  and  whether  they  were  rest- 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     659 

dents  of  the  nation  at  the  time  of  the  treaty,  or  returned  within  six 
months  thereafter — the  findings  of  the  commission  to  be  submitted  to 
the  department  for  approval. 

Chickasaw  Nation. — The  status  of  the  freedmen  in  this  nation  was 
fully  stated  in  my  annual  report  of  last  year  (p.  LII),  and  I  invite  your 
attention  to  the  subject  again  as  one  requiring  definitive  action  on  the 
part  of  Congress.  An  act  was  passed  by  the  legislature  of  the  Chicka- 
saw Nation,  which  was  approved  January  10, 1873,  entitled  "An  act  to 
adopt  the  negroes  of  the  Chickasaw  Nation,"  as  follows : 

Section  1.  Be  it  enacted,  hy  the  legislature  of  the  Chickasaw  Nation,  That  all  the 
negroes  belonging  to  Chickasaws  at  the  time  of  the  adoption  of  the  treaty  of  Fort 
Smith,  and  living  in  the  Chickasaw  Nation  at  the  date  thereof,  and  their  descendants, 
are  hereby  declared  to  be  adopted  in  conformity  with  the  third  article  of  the  treaty 
of  1866,  between  the  Choctaws,  Chickasaws,  and  the  United  States:  Provided,  however, 
That  the  proportional  part  of  the  §300,000,  specified  in  article  third  of  the  said  treaty, 
with  the  accrued  interest  thereon,  shall  be  paid  to  the  Chicasaw  Nation  for  its  sole 
use  and  benefit:  And  provided  further,  The  said  adopted  negroes  of  the  Chickasaw 
Nation  shall  not  participate  in  any  part  of  the  said  pi-oportional  part  of  the  said 
$300,000,  nor  be  entitled  to  any  benefit  from  the  principal  and  interest  on  our  invested 
funds  or  claims  arisjjng  therefrom,  nor  to  any  part  of  our  common  domain,  or  the 
profits  arising  therefrom  (except  the  forty  acres  per  capita  provided  for  in  the  third 
article  of  the  treaty  of  1866),  nor  to  any  privileges  or  rights  not  authorized  by  treaty 
stipulations:  And  provided  further,  That  the  said  adopted  negroes,  upon  the  approval 
of  this  act,  shall  be  subject  to  the  jurisdiction  and  laws  of  the  Chickasaw  Nation,  and 
to  trial  and  imprisonment  for  offenses  against  them  in  every  case  just  aa  if  the  said 
negroes  were  Chickasaws. 

Sec.  2.  And  be  it  further  enacted.  That  this  act  shall  bo  in  full  force  and  effect  from 
and  after  its  approval  by  the  proper  authority  of  the  United  States.  And  all  laws,  or 
parts  of  laws,  in  conflict  with  this  act,  are  hereby  repealed. 

In  transmitting  this  act  to  Congress,  Secretary  Delano,  under  date  of 
February  10, 1873,  recommended  that  such  legislation  be  had  by  Con- 
gress as  would  extend  the  time  in  all  respects  for  the  execution  of  the 
provisions  of  the  third  article  of  the  treaty  of  1866  for  the  term  of  two 
years  from  the  1st  of  July  following.  This  subject  was  referred  to  the 
Committee  on  Freedmen's  Affairs,  February  13, 1873,  and  ordered  to  be 
printed,  and  there  legislation  ceased.  (See  H.  E.  Ex.  Doc.  No.  207, 
Forty-second  Congress,  third  session.) 

Subsequently  resolutions  in  relation  to  the  freedmen  and  their  de- 
scendants in  the  Choctaw  and  Chickasaw  Nations  were  adopted  by  the 
legislature  of  the  Chickasaw  Nation,  which  were  approved  October  18, 
1876,  authorizing  the  election  by  the  legislature  of  four  commissioners, 
one  from  each  county  in  the  nation,  to  visit  the  capital  of  the  Choctaw 
Nation  daring  its  next  regidar  session,  with  instructions  to  confer  with 
commissioners  from  the  Choctaw  Nation,  and  agree  upon  some  plan 
whereby  the  freedmen  formerly  slaves  of  the  two  nations  and  tlieir 
descendants  should  be  removed  from  and  kept  out  of  the  limits  of  the 
Choctaw  and  Chickasaw  country.  (See  Chickasaw  laws,  j).  118,  edition 
1878.)  And,  again,  the  legislature  of  said  nation  passed  an  act,  approved 
March  17,  1871),  authorizing  and  directing  the  governor  to  appoint  five 
commissioners  to  meet  like  commissioners  from  the  Choctaws  to  confer 
on  the  freedmen  question,  and  all  questions  that  might  att'ect  the  joint 
interest  of  the  Choctaws  and  Chickasaws,  and  report  in  writing  to  the 
governor,  said  report  to  be  laid  before  the  next  meeting  of  the  legisla- 
ture, and  to  be  approved  by  them  before  it  should  be  binding  on  the 
Chickasaw  ])eople.  (See  page  6  of  Pamphlet  Laws,  1878-'81.)  Wliile 
the  act  of  1873  contemplated  the  adoption  of  their  colored  people  into 
the  nation,  that  opportunity  was  lost  by  the  failure  of  Congress  at  the 
time  to  take  definite  action  thereon,  and  all  subsequent  action  has  shown 
a  tendency  on  the  part  of  the  Chickasaws  to  efiect  a  removal  of  all  freed- 
men from  their  oountry. 


660  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THK 

Choctaw  ]S'(itio7i. — Tlio  stiitus  of  the  colored  poo])]('  iii  the  Choctaw 
Nation  was  set  forth  in  my  annual  report  of  last  year  in  conjunction 
with  the  Cliickasaws.  Since  that  time,  fi  "  memoriiil  to  tiie  United 
States  Government  in  rejiard  to  adopting;  freedmen  to  be  citizens  of  the 
Choctaw  i!Nation,"  adopted  by  the  Choctaw  council  and  tipproved  by  the 
governor  November  2,  1S80,  has  been  submitted,  wherein  they  declare 
their  willingness  to  accept  their  freedmen  as  citizens,  in  accordance 
with  the  tern)8  of  the  third  article  of  the  ti-eaty  of  1S6G,  and  request 
tlie  government  to  take  action  thereon,  determining  whether  or  not  the 
government  will  accept  or  reject  said  proiiosition.  In  tliis  memorial 
the  Choctaws  agree  to  give  said  freedmen  educntional  facilities  in 
neighborhood  schools  equal  with  said  ('lioctaws,  and  request  the  gov- 
ernment to  declare  such  freedmen  as  may  not  elect  to  become  citizens 
of  the  nation  to  be  on  the  same  footing  with  other  citizens  of  tlie  United 
States  resident  therein. 

Senator  Ingalls,  on  the  23d  of  February,  1882,  introduced  a  bill  (S. 
1299)  in  the  Senate,  entitled  a  bill  "to  enable  the  Choctaw  freedmen  to 
become  citizens  of  the  Choctaw  Nation,"  being  a  ratification  and  an 
acceptance  of  said  memorial  and  proposition,  which  was  read  twice  and 
referred  to  the  Committee  on  Indian  Affairs. 

The  freedmen  of  these  three  nations  have  been  a  long  time  dejirived 
of  the  rights  to  which  they  are  justly  entitled,  and  have  been  trying  to 
be  heard  during  all  these  years,  but  have  been  put  off  under  one  pretext 
or  another  until  they  should  not  be  required  to  wait  longer  on  account 
of  a  failure  on  the  part  of  these  nations  to  take  more  delinite  action  in 
establishing  their  status.  I  cannot,  therefore,  too  strongly  urge  upon 
Congress  the  adoption  of  such  legislation  as  will  afford  the  freedmen 
prompt  relief  and  forever  settle  the  difficulties  and  embarrassments 
involved  in  this  question. 

Crcelc  JS'ation. — The  second  article  of  the  Creek  treaty  of  June  14, 
1S6G  (14  Stats.,  p.  78G),  stipulatetl  that  inasmuch  as  there  were  among  the 
Creeks  many  persons  of  xlMcan  descent  who  had  no  interest  in  the  soil, 
thereafter  these  persons  lawfully  residing  in  said  Creek  country  under 
their  laws  and  usages,  or  who  had  been  residing  and  should  return 
within  one  year  from  the  ratification  of  the  treaty,  and  their  descend- 
ants, and  such  others  of  the  same  race  as  were  permitted  by  the  laws 
of  the  nation  to  settle  within  the  limits  of  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Creek 
Nation  as  citizens  thereof,  should  have  and  enjoy  all  the  rights  and 
privileges  of  native  citizens,  including  an  equal  interest  in  the  soil  and 
national  funds,  and  the  laws  should  be  equally  binding  upon  and  give 
equal  protection  to  all  such  persons,  and  all  others,  of  whatsoever  race  or 
coloi',  who  might  be  adopted  citizens  or  members  of  the  tribe. 

These  Indians  have  respected  their  treaty  stipulations  relating  to  their 
freedmen,  and  have  granted  them  every  right  of  other  citizens,  as  de- 
clared in  the  second  section  of  Article  1,  Chapter  VII,  entitled  citizen- 
ship and  non-citizens  (Muskogee  Laws,  p.  57,  edition  of  1880),  which 
provides  that — 

All  persons  who  have  heen  at  any  time  adopted  by  the  recognized  authorities  of  the 
Muskogee  Nation,  aud  all  persons  of  African  descent  who  were  made  citizens  hy  the 
treaty  of  June,  lt-66,  between  the  Creek  Nation  aud  the  United  States,  shall  hereafter 
be  recognized  as  citizens  of  the  Muskogee  Nation. 

Seminole  Nation. — The  same  stipulations  respecting  the  freedmen  of 
the  Creek  Nation  are  incorporated  in  the  second  article  of  the  Seminole 
treaty  of  JMarch  21,  1866  (14  Stats.,  p.  756),  respecting  their  freedmen, 
and  the  same  action  was  taken  by  the  nation  in  their  belmlf,  no  distinc- 
tion being  made  in  the  Seminole  Nation  between  the  races. 


REPUKT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OP   THE   INTERIOR.  661 

JCA^^SAS  1^'DIAN  indebtedness,  as  RErilESENTED  BY  "'KAW  SCRIP."' 

By  a  resolutiou  of  tbe  Senate  of  January  27th  last,  the  Secretary  of 
the  Interior  was  directed  to  inform  the  Senate  of  the  amount  of  in- 
debtedness by  the  Kansas  tribe  of  Indians  to  individuals  representcil 
by  certificates  Issued  by  any  othcer  of  the  government;  tbe  status  of  said 
indebtedness,  whether  legal  or  equitable,  or  both;  what,  if  any,  asset.s 
of  said  tribe  the  government  holds;  "and  what  legislation,  if  any,  is  nec- 
essary, in  order  that  said  indebtedness  may  be  paid,  and  the  financial 
relations  of  said  tribe  to  the  government,  growing  out  of  the  sale  of  its 
reservation  in  the  State  of  Kansas,  may  be  speedily  and  finally  settled.*' 

As  an  early  adjustment  of  this  long-standing  indebtedness  is  greatly 
to  be  desired,  it  was  hoped  that  the  call  of  the  Senate  for  information 
indicated  a  purpose  to  provide  such  needful  legislation  as  would  insure 
such  result.  •  However,  no  measures  looking  to  that  end  have  thus  far 
been  introduced,  save  only  that  by  a  clause  in  the  deficiency  appropri- 
ation act  approved  August  5,  1SS2,  the  sum  of  $15,000  was  authorized 
to  be  paid  out  of  any  funds  in  the  Treasury  to  the  credit  of  said  Indians, 
derived  from  the  sale  of  their  lands,  in  liquidation  of  so  much  of  said 
indebtedness,  principal  and  interest,  as  is  represented  by  scrip  certifi- 
cates of  the  first  class  (Stevens  scrip,  so  called)  held  by  mechanics  and 
others  who  actually  performed  the  labor  in  the  construction  of  build- 
ings, &c.,  for  the  benefit  of  said  Kansas  Indians,  under  Stevens's  con- 
tracts, for  the  payment  of  which  the  indebtedness  was  incurred. 

In  response  to  said  resolution  this  office  submitted  to  the  depart- 
ment, under  date  of  March  9  last,  a  brief  history  of  the  indebtedness, 
a  statement  of  the  amount  of  the  same,  its  present  status,  as  well  as  a 
statement  of  the  assets  of  the  tribe  held  by  the  government.*  The  total 
amount  of  the  indebtedness  of  the  tribe,  including  interest,  was  shown 
to  be  considerably  less  than  the  value  of  the  lands  and  improvements 
owned  by  them,  as  appraised  under  authority  of  the  act  of  July  5, 1876, 
and  from  the  proceeds  of  the  sale  of  which  their  debt  obligations  are  to 
be  discharged.  It  was  further  stated  that  the  sums  of  money  advanc^etl 
by  tlie  government  to  the  Indians  for  advertising  in  connection  with  the 
sale  of  their  lands,  for  their  proper  care  and  subsistence,  for  the  i)ur- 
chase  of  agricultural  implements  and  pay  of  employes,  for  the  erection 
of  agency  buildings,  &;c.,  must  be  refunded  to  the  government  from  tbe 
sale  of  their  lands  before  any  of  the  obligations  of  the  tribe  repre- 
sented by  scrip  certificates  can  bo  paid  in  cash.  Since  the  rendition  of 
the  report  the  moneys  received  from  such  sales  have  been  more  tban 
suificientto  discbarge  the  balance  then  due  tbe  government  on  account 
of  moneys  so  advanced,  which  balance  was  stated  to  be  (ai)proxiinately) 
$11,475.80.  There  is  now  on  the  books  of  this  office  to  the  credit  of 
said  Indians,  being  tbe  i)roceeds  of  the  sale  of  their  lands,  a  balance  of 
$20,064.00,  after  i)aying  certificates  amounting  in  the  aggregate  to 
$13,483.28,  under  the  autiiority  of  tbe  recent  act  hereinbefore  referred 
to.  (Act  approved  August  5,  1882.)  Tbis  am6unt  will  bo  increased  as 
tbe  sales  progress,  and  as  it  appears  that  the  lauds  are  being  disposed 
of  more  rapidly  than  formerly,  it  is  gratifying  to  know  that  an  early 
settlement  of  tbis  entire  indebtedness  is  within  the  range  of  possibility. 

However,  notwithstanding  there  are  funds  available  to  the  amount 
stated,  in  the  present  posture  of  tbe  wise  none  of  these  certificates  can 
be  paid  immediately,  nor  until  legislation  shall  have  been  had  legalizing 
tbe  entire  indebtedness  as  represented  thereby,  and  for  tbe  following 

*Tlio  report  of  this  oftico  eiiibodyinc  said  statcnieuts  is  made  the  subject  matter  of 
Senate  Ex.  Doc.  No.  13G,  Forty-soventli  CoDgress,  first  session. 


662  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

reasons,  briefly :  There  was  really  no  authority  of  law  for  the  issuance 
of  certificates  of  the  first-class — tlie  so-calleil  Stevens  scrip.  (There  were 
three  classes  of  scrip  issued).  The  treaty  of  1859(17  Stat,  1111)  merely 
directed  a  ])ortion  of  the  Kaw  lands  to  be  sold,  the  proceeds  thereof  to 
be  applied  in  improvinj^'  the  condition  of  the  Indians  in  such  manner 
as  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  might  deem  proper.  Nevertheless  the 
scrip  was  issued  and  has  ever  been  regarded  as  forming  a  part  of  the 
proper  liabilities  of  the  government.  Furthermore,  certificates  of  class 
2  were  not  only  issued  prior  to  the  ratification  of  the  treaty  authorizing 
their  issuance,  but  are  supposed  to  have  been  issued  in  excess  of  the  au- 
thorized amount.  So  also  in  the  case  of  certificates  of  class  3,  with  the 
possible  exception  that  no  certificates  of  that  class  were  issued  prior  to 
the  ratification  of  the  treaty. 

That  all  of  this  scrij),  of  the  several  classes,  was  issued  in  the  utmost 
good  faith,  and  with  the  design  of  carrying  out  the  beneficial  purposes 
of  the  treaties  of  1859-'62  in  a  manner  that  would  seem  to  insure  the 
best  results,  cannot  be  questioned.  That  the  long  delay  in  the  settle- 
ment of  this  indebtedness,  resulting  from  inability  to  sell  the  lands, 
has  worked  great  hardship  to  individual  holders  of  this  scrip,  must  also 
be  admitted.  For  years  past  appeals  have  been  made  for  some  sort  of 
settlement.  These  appeals  have  amounted  to  entreaties,  as  the  delay 
has  continued ;  in  one  instance,  at  least,  the  holder  offering  to  surrender 
all  claim  to  interest  (now  amounting  to  considerably  more  than  the  prin- 
cipal) on  payment  of  the  face  value  of  the  scrip  certificates  held  by  him. 

In  the  report  of  this  office  to  which  reference  has  herein  been  made, 
it  was  suggested  that  if  legislation  could  be  had  legalizing  the  entire 
outstanding  indebtedness  represented  by  these  scrip  certificates,  and  an 
appropriation  made  sufficient  to  cover  such  indebtedness,  the  certifi- 
cates could  be  called  in,  examined,  and  paid,  the  government  reimburs- 
ing itself  from  the  sale  of  the  lands.  This  was  the  plan  urged  by  Mr. 
Haskell  of  the  House  of  Eepresentatives,  and  it  seemed  at  the  time  to 
be  the  only  sure  way  to  anything  like  an  early  adjustment  of  the  matter. 
In  the  present  aspect  of  the  case,  however,  it  is  thought  possible  that 
an  early  settlement  of  the  greater  part  of  the  indebtedness  may  be 
reached  under  the  provisions  of  existing  law,  and  without  the  aid  of  an 
appropriation,  provided  that  legislation  be  had  legalizing  the  same,  or 
directing  the  payment  thereof.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  such  legislation 
may  be  provided  during  the  coming  winter. 

NORTHERN  CHEYENNES  IN  INDIAN  TERRITORY. 

On  the  6th  of  October,  1881,  Little  Chief  and  his  band,  235  in  all, 
under  authority  of  the  department,  left  the  Cheyenne  and  Arapaho 
Agency,  in  the  Indian  Territory,  and  proceeded  to  Pine  Ridge  Agency, 
Dakota.  On  their  arrival  there  it  was  found  that  the  band  numbered 
317,  eighty -two  having  joined  the  party  secretly  and  without  authority. 
There  are  now  remaining  at  the  Cheyenne  and  Arapaho  Agency  of  these 
Northern  Cheyennes  084,  who  strongly  desire  to  join  their  friends  and 
relatives  in  Dakota. 

In  my  last  report  attention  was  called  to  the  promise  made  Little 
Chief,  that  the  request  of  the  remainder  of  the  baud  to  be  allowed  to 
return  north  should  be  laid  before  Congress.  This  request  they  have 
construed  into  a  positive  promise,  and  for  mouths  past  have  been  very 
persistent  in  tlieir  importunities  to  return  to  Dakota.  From  all  the  fact's 
that  have  come  to  my  knowledge  during  the  past  year  in  regard  to  these 
Indians  I  am  satisfied  that  the  will  never  be  contented  to  remain  where 


REPORT  OP  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     663 

they  are.  The  agent  alleges  that  their  dissatisfaction  prevents  them 
from  making  any  progress,  and  is  the  constant  sonrcc  of  much  annoy- 
ance and  disturbance  among  the  Indians  wlio  recognize  that  agency  as 
their  home.  It  will,  therefore,  be  to  the  advantage  of  both  parties  and 
in  the  interest  of  peace  and  harmony  to  separate  them.  The  Southern 
Cheyennes  will  make  much  more  rapid  advancement  in  civilized  pur- 
suits, and  the  jSTorthcrn  Cheyennes  who  return  will  be  contented  and 
do  far  better  among  their  kindred  and  friends  at  their  old  homes  among 
the  Sioux.  I  therefore  earnestly  renew  my  recommendation  that  pro- 
vision be  made  by  Congress  to  permit  them  to  return  north  as  earb 
nv^^  gjjmmer  as  practicable. 

THE  NEZ  PERC^  INDIANS  OP  JOSEPH'S  BAND. 

The  question  as  to  the  final  settlement  and  jiermanent  location  of  the 
Nez  Perce  Indians  who  surrendered  under  Chief  Joseph  to  General 
Miles,  in  the  year  1877,  has  been  a  subject  of  much  concern  and  annoy- 
ance both  to  the  deijartment  and  the  Indians  themselves.  Tlie  facts  in 
connection  with  their  surrender  and  subsequent  location  in  the  Indian 
Territory,  are  matters  of  public  notoriety,  and  have  been  alluded  to  in 
former  annual  reports.  At  the  time  of  the  surrender  it  was  stated,  and 
the  information  before  this  office  corroborated  the  statement,  that  such 
cruel  and  unprovoked  murders  had  been  committed  by  Joseph  and  his 
band  in  Idaho  as  to  create  an  almost  insuperable  barrier  against  their 
return  to  their  old  home,  and  to  banish  all  expectation  of  peace  or  safety 
for  Joseph  and  his  followers  on  that  reservation,  or  in  its  vicinity,  at 
least  until  the  resentment  awakened  by  these  offenses  should  be  some- 
what modified  by  the  lapse  of  time.  With  a  desire  to  solve  the  problem 
in  such  a  way  as  to  maintain  and  enforce  a  proper  and  due  regard  for 
the  laws  and  authority  of  the  government,  and  at  the  same  time  avoid 
doing  any  injustice  to  a  brave  but  misguided  captive,  this  otfice  and  the 
department  acquiesced  in  the  various  recommendations  of  the  distin- 
guished military  officials  who  had  been  actively  engaged  in  accomplish- 
ing the  surrender,  and  who  had  also  taken  a  very  lu'ominent  part  in 
endeavoring  to  secure  an  amicable  settlement  of  the  difficulties,  and  con- 
sented to  the  removal  of  Joseph  and  his  band  to  the  Indian  Territory'. 

By  the  Indian  appropriation  act  of  May  27,  1878  (20  Stat.,  p.  71),  an 
appropriation  was  made  to  enable  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  to  remove 
these  Nez  Perces,  then  held  prisoners  of  war  at  Fort  Leavenworth, 
Kansas,  to  a  suitable  location  in  the  Indian  Territory,  and  for  their  set- 
tlement thereon.  On  the  21st  of  July,  1878,  these  Indians  were  turned 
over  to  Inspector  McNeil  and  Agent  Jones,  and  placed  upon  the  Quapaw 
Eeservation.  On  the  15th  of  October,  1878,  Commissioner  llayt  visited 
them,  and  took  chiefs  Young  Joseph  and  ITusescruyt  (Bald-llead)  to  the 
west  of  the  Arkansas  Eiver  for  the  purpose  of  selecting  a  permanent 
home  for  tlie  band.  They  selected  a  tract  a  few  miles  west  oftlie  Ponca 
Keserve,  where  the  Sha-kaskia  empties  into  Salt  Creek,  viz,  townships 
25  and  20  N.,  ranges  1  and  2  west,  containing;  i>0.710.S<j  acres. 

On  the  31stof  January,  1870,  Young  Joseph  and  Yellow  Bull,  first  and 
second  chiefs,  acting  for  the  band,  made  an  agreement  whereby  they 
jiroposed  to  relinquish  all  claim  lo  their  lands  in  Idaho  or  elsewhere 
.and  settle  permanently  in  the  Indian  Territory  upon  four  townships  of 
land  to  be  selectetl  and  purchased  by  the  government  4i)r  their  use  and 
occupancy,  which  agreement  was  subnntted  to  the  dejiartment  Febru- 
ary 1, 1879,  lor  ratification  by  Congress,  and  was  accompanied  by  a  draft 
iPf  bill  for  that  purpose.    The  bOl  did  not  bee hih-  ::  l;>w,  yet  the  Indians 


664  PAVERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

have  been  located  on  tin;  lour  lo\viislii]).s  above  iiaiiied,  and  Cougre.s.s 
for  three  years  has  made  auuual  approi)riatioiis  lor  their  maintenance 
and  snp])ort  thereon. 

It  lias  been  hoped  that  the  advantages  of  the  location  selected  for  this 
band  of  Nez  Perces  in  the  Indian  Territory  would  be  such  as  to  engender 
in  them  a  spirit  of  enterprise  and  emulation,  which  after  a  few  years 
would  make  them  comparatively  contented  with  their  new  home.  This 
hope,  however,  has  not  been  realized,  and  although,  since  the  time  of 
their  surrender,  these  people  have  exhtbited  a  quiet  and  unmurmuring 
submission  to  the  inevitable,  and  have  manifested  a  conscientious  desire 
to  obey  all  la^^s  and  regulations  ])rovided  for  their  government,  yet  as 
each  year  passes  numerous  petitions  and  urgent  requests  come  from 
*Siem  praying  to  be  returned  to  their  [old  home  and  relatives.  Their 
qniet  and  peaceable  conduct  since  the  surrender,  and  their  eftbrts  to  be 
law-abiding  and  self-supi>orting  are  commendable,  and  under  the  cir- 
cum^auces  remarkable. 

The  larger  proportion  of  the  Nez  Perc6  tribe  are  located  on  the  reser- 
vation in  Idaho,  and  as  a  rule  this  tribe  has  been  a  strict  observer  of  all 
treaty  convenants  with  the  government.  They  were  active  in  their 
eflbrts  to  subdue  the  outbreak  of  Chief  Joseph  and  his  band,  and  in  the 
battle  with  their  kindred  some  of  them  were  killed  and  others  wounded, 
/"'oseph  and  his  band  appear  to  be  the  only  ones  of  the  tribe  who  have 
iver  engaged  in  hostility  against  the  whites.  I^ot  in  the  least  excusing 
'f  attempting  to  palliate  the  crimes  alleged  to  have  been  committed  by 
'^hem,  it  is  but  fair  to  say  that  their  warfare  was  conducted  with  a  notice- 
able absence  of  savage  barbarity  on  their  part,  and  that  they  persist- 
ently claim  that  when  they  surrendered  to  General  Miles  it  was  with  the 
express  stipulation  that  they  should  be  sent  back  to  Idaho.  Whether 
this  alleged  stipulation  be  true  or  not,  it  is  a  fact  that  their  unfortunate 
location  near  Fort  Leavenworth,  when  in  charge  of  the  military,  and 
the  influences  of  the  climate  where  they  are  now  located  in  the  Indian 
Territory,  have  caused  much  sickness  among  them;  their  ranks  have 
been  sadly  depleted,  and  it  is  claimed  that  if  they  are  much  longer  com- 
pelled to  remain  in  their  present  situation,  the  entire  band  will  become 
virtually  extinct. 

It  is  now  about  five  years  since  the  surrender,  and  a  sufficient  time 
has  probably  elapsed  to  justify  the  belief  that  no  concerted  efibrt  will 
be  taken  to  avenge  wrongs  alleged  to  have  been  perpetrated  by  these 
people  so  many  years  ago.  The  band  now  numbers  only  about  322  souls, 
and  the  reservation  in  Idaho  is  ample  to  accommodate  them  comforta- 
bly, in  addition  to  those  who  are  already  there,  who  are  substantially 
self-supporting  and  who  have  enough  to  spare  a  portion  for  their  less 
fortunate  brethren,  and,  as  I  understand,  are  willing  to  give  them  such 
aid. 

The  deep-rooted  love  for  the  "old  home,"  which  is  so  conspicuous 
among  them,  and  their  longing  desire  to  leave  the  warm,  debilitating 
climate  of  the  Indian  Territory  for  the  more  healthy  and  invigorating 
air  of  the  Idaho  Mountains,  can  never  be  eradicated,  and  any  longer 
delaj',  with  the  hope  of  a  final  contentment  on  their  part  with  their 
present  situation,  is,  in  my  judgment,  futile  and  unnecessary.  In  view 
of  all  the  facts,  I  am  constrained  to  believe  that  the  remnant  of  this 
tribe  should  be  returned  to  Idaho,  if  possible,  early  next  spring,  and  I 
respectfully  suggest  that  this  matter  be  submitted  to  Congress  at  its 
next  session,  with  a  recommendation  that  an  appropriation  be  made 
sufficient  to  meet  the  necessary  expenses  of  removal  thither.  But  if 
Congress  should  decide  that  the  best  interests  of  all  concerned  will  be 


REPORT  OP  THE  SECRETARY  OF  TUE  INTERIOR.     665 

best  subserved  by  retaiuing  these  ludians  where  they  iiow  are,  it  will 
be  necessary  to  have  such  legislation  as  will  perfect  the  title  to  the  lands 
which  Iiave  been  selected  for  them  and  upon  which  they  now  reside. 

PONCAS. 

in  my  last  annual  report  reference  was  made  to  the  mistake  which 
occurred  in  the  treaty  between  the  United  States  and  the  Sioux  Indians, 
concluded  April  2y,'l8G8  (15  Stat.,  035),  by  which  lands  belonging  to 
the  Poncas  were  taken  away  from  them  and  given  to  the  Sioux.  It  was 
stated  that  an  agent  was  then  among  the  Sioux  Indians,  parties  to  the 
treaty  of  April  2U,  1808,  to  obtain  the  ratification  of  the  agreement  en- 
tered^ into  at  Washington,  August  20,  1881,  by  certain  chiefs  of  the 
Sioux,  for  the  purpose  of  correcting  the  mistake  in  part.  Since  that 
time  the  agreement  has  been  signed  by  722  members  of  the  bands  located 
at  the  Standing  Kock  Agency  •,  by  410  of  those  located  at  the  Cheyenne 
Eiver  Agency ;  bv  008  of  the  Ogallalas,  located  at  Pine  liidge ;  and  by 
292  of  the  Lower  Brulds;  making  a  total  of  2,338. 

The  Indians  at  liosebud  Agency  having  refused  to  sign  this  agree- 
ment, the  agent  was  instructed,  under  date  of  January  27, 1882,  to  make 
a  written  statement  on  the  back  of  the  agreement  that  the  Indians  at 
that  agency  refused  to  sign  an  agreement  to  give  more  than  100  acres  to 
heads  of  families  and  80  acres  to  single  adults,  but  that  they  do  agree  to 
sign  one  giving  the  amount  as  above.  Eleven  hundred  and  sixty-seven 
of  these  Indians  thereupon  signetl  the  following  modified  agreement: 

We,  the  uiulersigned  Indians  of  Rosebud  Agency,  Dakota,  refuse  to  sigri  tliis  agree- 
ment giving  G40  acres  to  heads  of  families,  but  we  do  hereby  ;igroe  to  give  160  acres 
for  the  use  and  occupation  of  each  head  of  family,  and  dO  acres  to  each  single  male  or 
female  over  eighteen  years  of  age,  and  we  have  as  an  evidence  that  wo  consent  to  and 
ratify-  this  amended  agreement  hereunto  subscribed  our  names  this  28th  day  of  March, 
A. D.  18«2. 

Three  thousand  five  hundred  and  five  of  the  Sioux  Indians,  therefore, 
have  consented  to  the  agreement  either  as  originally  prepared  or  in  the 
modified  form. 

The  Lower  Yanktonais,  located  at  Crow  Creek  Agency,  refused  to  sign 
the  agreement  on  the  ground  that  thej-  had  no  interest  or  right  in  the 
lands  embraced  in  the  Great  Sioux  Keservation,  and  that  their  rights  and 
interests,  if  they  had  any,  were  in  the  lands  on  the  east  side  of  the  Mis- 
souri liiver.  They  also  claimed  that  they  had  never  participated  in  any 
of  the  treaties  or  negotiations  in  regard  to  lands  on  the  west  side  of  the 
Missouri  Kiver.  The  treaty  of  April  29,  1808,  however,  puri)orts  to  be 
signed  by  twenty-four  chiefs  and  headmen  of  the  Yanktonnais. 

The  Santee  Sioux  have  thus  far  refused  to  sign  the  original  agreement 
on  the  ground  that  the  Northern  Indians  had  signed  a  modified  agree- 
ment. The  agent  at  Santee  Agency  has  recently  been  instructed  to 
endeavor  to  olitain  the  signatures  of  the  Santee  Sioux  to  tbe  agreement 
execute<l  by  the  Kosebud  Indians  in  ease  they  still  refuse  to  sign  the 
original. 

The  total  Indian  population  of  the  Great  Sioux  and  Santee  Reserva- 
tions (including  Crow  ('reek)  is  estimated  at  23,081.  Allowing  one-fifth 
of  the  population  to  be  adult  males,  it  would  require  the  signatures  of 
3,402  Indians  to  comply  with  the  recpiirements  of  the  tweltth  article  of 
i**&  treaty  of  Ajiril  29, 1808.  A  sufficient  numl)er,  therefore,  have  signed 
the  agreement  giving  100  acres  to  each  head  of  a  family,  and  80  acres 
to  each  single  adult,  if  it  be  held  that  the  agreement  to  give  the  greater 
quantity  ineludes  the  lesser.  This  matter  will  form  the  subject  of  a 
special  report  in  time  for  action  at  the  beginning  of  the  next  session  of 
Congress. 


^ 


666  PAPERS   ACCOxMPANYING   THE 

BLACKFEET  INDIANS  IN  MONTANA. 

Some  inoiitlis  ;i<;o  tlnv  ayeut  of  tbc  Blackfeet  Indians,  wlio  is,  I  be- 
lieve, a  jLi;()od  man,  and  a  faitliinl  agent,  made  a  request  that  his  Indians 
bo  allowed  to  out  some  of  tlie  pine  timber  in  the  mountainous  part  of 
the  reservation,  manufacture  it  into  lumber,  and  ti'iitle  the  lumber  for 
provisions  to  prevent  starvation  ;  but  under  the  law,  as  it  now  exists, 
this  could  not  be  allowed.  Then  the  agent  asked  permission,  which 
was  granted,  to  solicit  contributions  among  his  friends  in  the  East,  to 
prevent  suffering  among  his  Indians;  and  now,  while  I  write,  word  conies 
that  these  Indians  are  nearly  destitute  of  food,  and  that  there  is  danger 
that  the  cattle  herd,  which  belongs  to  the  government,  and  which  it  la 
desirable  should  be  kept  for  stock  purposes,  will  be  killed  by  them  for 
food.  The  a])propriation  for  these  Indians  for  the  year  gives  to  each 
one  less  than  an  ounce  of  beef  and  less  than  one  ounce  and  one-half 
ounce  of  flour  each  day.  In  view^  of  these  facts  I  think  I  risk  nothing 
in  saying  that  any  law  that  prohibits  Indians  under  such  circumstances 
from  using  the  timber  on  the  reservation,  to  prevent  starvation,  is  ab- 
surd to  the  last  degree.  There  is  approi)i'iated  each  year  for  the  In- 
dians on  the  San  Carlos  Reservation  about  $300,000,  and  yet  there  is  on 
this  reserxatiou  coal  that  if  utilized  would  make  an  appropriation  un- 
necessary; but  under  the  present  laws  this  cannot  be  done.  Is  it  not 
plain  that  these  laws  should  be  changed"? 

CEOW  CESSION  AND  ALL0T3IENTS. 

Attention,  was  called  in  the  annual  report  of  last  year  to  the  agree- 
ment nuide  with  the  Crow  Indians  in  1880,  and  its  ratification  by  Con- 
gress was  urged.  Under  date  of  December  14,  1881,  the  subject  was 
laid  before  the  department,  setting  forth  the  terms  of  the  agreement, 
whereby  the  Crows  proposed  to  cede  1,552,800  acres  of  land  from  the 
western  j^ortion  of  their  domain,  and  submitting  a  bill  to  ratify  said 
agreement,  with  recommendation  that  Congress  take  early  action  thereon. 
The  agreement,  which  a])pears  in  full  on  page  253  of  this  report,  was 
ratified  by  Congress,  and  its  action  approved  by  the  President  April  11, 
1882.  Provision  is  made  in  this  agreement  for  the  allotment  of  lands  in 
severalty  to  the  Indians,  for  the  erection  of  houses,  and  for  the  purchase 
of  seeds,  farming  implements,  and  stock.  An  appropriation  of  815,000 
was  made  to  pay  the  expenses  of  the  survey  of  the  lands  to  be  allotted. 
In  compliance  with  these  provisions  the  General  Land  Office  has  been 
directed  to  make  said  survey  in  the  valleys  of  the  Big  Horn  and  Little 
Big  Horn  Rivers,  and  when  the  survey  is  completed  instructions  will  be 
issued  to  the  agent  to  make  allotments  of  land  in  severalty,  as  provided 
in  said  agreement. 

SALE  OF  A  PART  OF  THE   OMAHA  RESERVATION. 

In  a  special  report  to  the  department,  dated  September  18  (ultimo), 
the  attention  of  the  department  was  called  to  the  recent  act  (approved 
August  7,  1882)  providing  for  the  sale  of  a  part  of  the  reservation  of 
the  Omaha  tribe  of  Indians  in  the  State  of  Nebraska.  It  was  stated 
that,  in  the  absence  of  a  specific  appropriation  to  meet  the  expenses 
thereof,  it  was  difficult  to  see  how  the  survey  (if  a  resurvey  should  be 
found  necessary)  and  appraisement  could  be  proceeded  with;  but  it  was 
suggested  that  steps  might  be  taken  to  obtain  the  consent  of  the 
Indians,  as  required  in  sections  1  and  5  of  said  act,  and  that  the  allot- 
ments provided  for  in  section  5  might  be  selected  and  submitted  for 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     667 

approval,  so  that  no  nnnecessary  delay  might  be  expierienced  when  the 
proper  time  should  arrive  for  proceeding:  with  the  sale  of  the  lands  as 
authorized.  Bj'  section  8  of  the  act  the  Indians  are  permitted,  if  they 
shall  so  elect,  to  select  allotments  within  the  tract  desijrnated  to  be  sold, 
and  while  it  is  not  thought  that  there  are  any  who  desire  to  make  selec 
tions  there,  it  might  be  well  to  ascertain  their  intentions  in  that  respect, 
so  that  if  there  be  any  such  they  may  make  their  selections  and  have 
them  approved  before  the  appraisement  is  begun. 

MESCALERO  APACHE  RESERVATION. 

Early  in  the  present  year  a  considerable  change  was  made  in  the  bound- 
aries of  the  Mescalero  Apache  Reservation  in  Xew  Mexico,  by  which  a 
goodly  portion  thereof  was  restored  to  the  public  domain  fi'om  the  north 
and  west,  while  a  tract  containing  an  area  equal  to  about  five  townships 
was  added  thereto  on  the  east.  This  change  was  made  to  satisfy  the 
wishes  of  the  white  population  of  the  "  Xogal  Mining  District,"  so  called, 
and  by  so  doing  to  allay  the  ill  feeling  against  the  Indians  which  it  was 
not  difficult  to  see  was  fast  taking  the  place  of  previously  acknowledged 
friendship  for  them.  It  appears  that  upon  the  discovery  of  gold  in  the 
Kogal  Mountains  a  large  body  of  miners  and  prospectors  were  attracted 
there,  and  that  in  due  time  what  is  now  known  as  the  "  Nogal  Mining  Dis- 
trict" was  organized.  New  veins  were  discovered,  and  many  locations 
were  made  upon  lauds  afterwards  discovered  to  be  within  the  reserva- 
tion. As  was  natural,  when  a  knowledge  of  these  facts  reached  the 
Indians  a  spirit  of  dissatisfaction  was  manifested,  and  the  miners,  fear- 
ing that  they  might  lose  the  results  of  their  enterprise  and  labor,  ap- 
pealed to  the  government  through  the  military.  Upon  a  proper  presen- 
tation of  the  facts  by  their  agent,  the  Indians  appeared  to  appreciate 
the  situation,  and  finally  became  convinced  that  it  would  be  to  their 
interest  to  yield  to  the  fair  demands  of  the  miners.  Accordingly  they 
decided  to  interpose  no  objection  to  such  reduction  of  the  reserations 
on  the  north  and  west  as  in  the  judgment  of  the  department  might  seem 
expedient,  with  the  understanding,  however,  that  a  strip*  of  country 
should  be  added  to  the  reservation  on  the  east,  which  would  afford  them 
additional  grazing  ground. 

The  existence  of  certain  claims  within  the  reservation  alleged  to  have 
been  acquired  prior  to  its  establishment,  and  upon  which  the  claiinants 
resided,  has  been  a  fruitful  source  of  trouble.  This  was  an  additional 
reason  for  desiring  a  reduction  of  the  reservation.  By  the  reduction  all 
but  two  have  been  i)laced  outside  the  limits  of  the  reservation,  thereby 
disposing  of  a  much-vexed  question.  At  the  request  of  the  department, 
a  survey  of  tlie  new  boundaries  of  the  reservation  is  t<>  be  conducted  at 
once  by  an  officer  of  the  Army,  detailed  for  that  purpose  by  direction 
of  the  Secretary  of  War. 

AMOUNT   DUE  NAVAJO  INDIANS. 

I  deem  it  my  duty  to  call  the  attention  of  Congress  to  the  sum  of 
$156,051.74,  which  in  my  opinion  is  justly  due  tlie  Navajoes,  but  which, 
under  the  operations  of  the  act  of  June  L'O,  1S74,  was  covered  back  into 
the  Treasury.  The  following  is  a  brief  liistory  of  the  case  :  Article  7  of 
the  treaty  with  the  Navajoes,  dated  .June  1,  1868  (U.  S.  Stats.,  vol.  15, 
l)age  GG7),  i>rovides  that  the  head  of  a  family  who  cultivates  the  soil — 
Shall  bopntitlo«l  to  receive  seeds  and  agricnltnnil  implonionts  for  the  first  year,  not 
exceeding  in  value  .'JlOO,  and  for  each  succeedin;;  year  he  shall  continue  to  farm,  fur  a 
period  of  two  years,  he  shall  ho  entitled  to  receivo  seeds  and  impleiuenta  to  tbo  valiid 
,of$ii5. 


668  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 

111  pursuance  of  this  provision,  Congress,  in  1800,  ji))i)ropiiated  for 
"seeds,  farming  iinplemenls,  work-cattle,  and  other  stock,  for  1,4(»0  ftim- 
ilies,  in  conformity  with  tlie  seventh  article  of  said  treaty,  8140,000,*' 
and  ill  1870  and  1871  the  sum  of  >i535,000  for  each  year  whs  approi)riated 
for  see<ls  and  agricultural  implements  for  1,400  families,  at  the  rate  of 
$25  ]ier  family,  making  a  total  appropriation  of  8210,000.  From  July 
1,  18G0,  to  June  30,  1877,  the  expenditures  from  that  appropriation  for 
the  purpose  above  named  were  $53,318.26,  leaving  an  unexpended  bal- 
ance on  hand  of  $156,651.74.  This  amount,  together  with  other  balances 
to  the  credit  of  the  Navajoesj  was,  by  order  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treas- 
ury, carried  to  the  surplus  fund,  on  the  30th  of  June,  3877,  under  the 
operations  of  an  act  of  Congress  approved  June  20, 1874.  Subsequent  to 
the  date  of  this  warrant,  the  Attorney-General,  by  opinion  dated  July 
5,  1877,  decided  that  specific  amounts  appropriated  to  carry  out  treaty 
contracts  prior  to  June  20,  1874,  Avere  exempt  from  the  operations  of 
the  surplus-fund  act  of  1874,  and  under  said  decision  certain  amounts 
belonging  to  various  Indian  tribes  have  been  brought  back  by  warrants 
to  the  credit  of  the  Indians  interested.  By  letter  from  this  office,  under 
date  of  April  12,  last,  you  were  asked  to  request  the  honorable  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury  to  issue  a  warrant  for  placing  to  the  credit  of  the  Xava- 
joes  the  unexpended  balance  of  $150,651.74,  which  was  a  specific  appro- 
priation made  for  said  Indians  under  treaty  prior  to  June  20,  1874,  and 
under  the  decision  of  the  Attorney- General  was  exemi)t  from  the  opera- 
tions of  that  law.  The  honorable  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  under  date 
of  May  10,  last,  replied  that — 

Requisitions  based  upon  settled  accounts  to  pay  bills  for  agricultural  implements 
and  iSeeds  for  the  benefit  of  such  of  the  1,400  families  of  Navajoes  as  have  not  yet  re- 
ceived their  proportion  uuder  the  seventh  article  of  their  treaty  "will  be  charg'ed  against 
the  appropriation  "fulfilling  treaty  with  Navajoes,  seventh  article  treaty  of  June, 
1868,  contract  prior  to  June  20,  1874." 

This  virtually  recognizes  the  fact  that  the  amount  of  8156,651.74  is 
due  these  Indians,  and  was  erroneously  covered  in  the  Treasury,  and 
I  respectfully  recommend  that  Congi-ess  be  requested  to  reappropriate 
that  amount  in  order  that  it  may  be  brought  on  the  books  of  this  office 
and  expended  for  the  benefit  of  the  Kavajoes.  If  this  sum,  which,  under 
the  decision  of  the  Attorney- General,  is  justly  due  to  the  Xavajoes,  was 
placed  to  their  credit  on  the  books  of  this  office,  as  above  recommended, 
it  would  render  unnecessary  any  further  appropriation  for  these  Indians 
for  several  years. 

EASTERN  BAND   OF   CHEEOKEES  IN  NORTH  CAROLINA. 

Eeferring  to  the  statement  made  and  views  expressed  in  behalf  of 
these  Indians  in  the  annual  report  of  last  year,  I  have  to  report  that 
the  encroachments  upon  their  lands  by  white  claimants  continue  and 
this  office  has  not  the  means  at  its  disposal  to  effect  the  needed  re- 
lief. Congress  at  its  last  session,  through  the  sundry  ciA^l  appropri- 
ation act,  appropriated  $800  to  enable  the  department  to  emjjloy  an 
agent  for  these  Indians.  Samuel  B.  Gibson,  of  Swain  County,  Korth 
Carolina,  has  been  appointed,  in  accordance  with  section  3  of  the  aet 
approved  July  27, 1868,  and  he  wil  be  able  to  look  into  tlie  status  of 
these  claims  and  to  determine  upon  some  line  of  action  to  secure  the 
removal  of  such  claimants  as  are  unable  to  show  title. 

Eespecting  the  removal  of  the  Cherokees  of  Is'orth  Caroliaa  to  the 
Indian  Territory,  upon  the  invitation  of  the  principal  chief  and  delegates 
of  the  nation  West,  referred  to  in  my  last  annual  report,  I  have  to  state 
that  41  persons  over  12,  and  32  persons  under  12,  removed  from  Loudon, 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     669 

Teun.,  J  uue  li-17, 1881,  at  a  cost  to  the  government  of  81,281.50 ;  that  16 
I)ei'.sons  over  12,  and  3  persons  under  12,  removed  from  Chattanooga, 
Tenn.,  September  13-15,  1881,  at  a  cost  to  the  government  of  8389.90; 
and  20  persons  over  12,  and  21  persons  under  12,  removed  from  Chatta- 
nooga, Tenn.,  October  19-22, 1881 ,  at  a  cost  to  the  government  of  8810.20 ; 
and  that  11  jiersons  o\er  12,  and  8  persons  under  12,  removed  from 
Cleveland,  Tenn..  December  .>-7,  1881,  at  a  cost  to  the  government  of 
8il2.90,  making  in  all  97  persons  over  12  years  of  age  and  04  per- 
so)is  under  12,  who  removed  during  1881,  at  a  cost  to  the  govern- 
ment of  82,930.50.  Applications  for  aid  from  the  government  liave  since 
been  made  from  parties  desiring  to  remove  West,  and  recommendation 
was  made  February  11,  1882,  tliat  Congress  lie  requested  to  appropriate 
the  sum  of  820,000  for  the  removal  of  those  "who  desired  to  go  West, 
including  the  sum  of  82,930.50  expended  out  of  the  "civilization  fund" 
in  the  removal  of  the  aforesaid  persons.  Congress  did,  through  the 
deficiency  appro])riation  act  of  August  5,  1882,  appropriate  the  sum  of 
$2,930.50  "to  reimburse  what  is  commonly  known  as  the  'civilization 
fund'  the  amount  taken  therefrom  to  defray  the  expenses  of  the  re- 
moval of  certain  Xorth  Carolina  Cherokee  Indians  to  the  Indian  Teixi- 
tory  during  the  year  eighteen  hundred  and  eighty-one,''  but  failed  to 
make  any  other  appropriation  for  those  desiring  removal. 

While  admitting  the  claim  that  some  of  these  Indians  have  upon  the 
government  for  the  removal  and  subsistence  guaranteed  to  them  by  the 
8th  articleof  the  Cher.okec  treaty  of  1835(7  Stat.,  p.  482),  it  would  not  be 
politic  to  make  further  use  of  the  "civilization  fund,''  in  view  of  the  fail- 
ure of  Congress  to  make  the  appropriation  asked  for  in  February  last. 

By  the  sundry  civil  appropriation  act  of  August  7, 1882,  Congress  ap- 
propriated the  sum  of  8800  "  to  enable  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  to 
cause  the  census  to  be  taken  and  a  new  roll  to  be  made  of  all  the  Cher- 
okee Indians  residing  east  of  the  Mississippi  Kiver."  This  work  wil- 
require  a  very  extended  tour  through  the  States  of  North  Carolina,  Tenl 
nessee,  Georgia,  and  Alabama,  if  not  elsewhere,  and  involve  a  careful 
and  thorough  inve.stigation  into  the  ancestry  of  the  Indians  and  their 
relation  to  indiviiluals  whose  names  are  borne  on  former  rolls  of  the 
Cherokee  Nation.  Mr.  Joseph  G.  Hester,  of  this  city,  has  been  ap- 
l)ointe<l  the  special  agent  to  perfomi  this  duty. 

SETTLEMENT  OF  DIFFERENCES  IN  THE   CHEROKEE  NATION. 

During  the  last  session  of  Congress  a  bill  was  introduced  in  the 
House  of  Eepresentatives  (H.  R.  No.  3037)  to  authorize  and  enable  the 
Eastern  Band  of  Cherokee  Indians  to  institute  and  prosecute  a  suit  in 
the  Court  of  Claims  against  the  Cherokee  Natictn.  This  bill  received 
the  favorable  indorsement  of  this  oftice,  from  the  tact  that  the  issues 
involved  in  the  claims  of  the  Cherokees  east  upon  tlie  lands  and  funds 
of  the  Cherokees  west  had  been  before  the  dcp.utment  for  a  long 
series  of  years,  without  any  favorable  i)rospect  of  adjustment,  and  from 
the  belief  that  tlic  ad  ju<li<ation  should  be  made  by  some  such  competent 
and  final  tri1>unal  as  the  Court  of  Claims. 

Acknowledging  the  gravity  of  the  issues  involved,  an  item  was  incor- 
porated by  Congress  in  the  sundry  civil  ai>proi)riation  act,  approve«l 
August  7,  1882,  as  follows: 

Tho  Soorotaiy  of  tho  Intrrior  shall  invoHtii;,ite  and  roport  to  Conjin-^s  what,  in  his 
opinion,  wonld  In-  an  (M|uital)h'  si'ttlonH-nt  of  .ill  niatti-rs  of  dispntc  lu-lwet'ii  tho 
I'jastern  liaml  of  Chcroki-f  IndianN  (incliidiii:;  all  the  ClHTokcos  irsiiliii^  j-ast  of  tho 
Mississippi  River)  an<l  the  Cherokee  tribe  or  Nation  west;  also  all  uiattei-s  of  diMputo 
between  other  bands  or  parts  of  tho  Cheroke<»  Nation;  also  nil  matters  between  any 


670  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

of  Baid  bands  or  parts  thereof,  and  tho  United  iStates,  arising  from  or  growing  out  of 
treaty  stipulations,  or  tho  laws  of  Congress  relating  thereto;  and  what  sum  or  sums 
of  money,  if  any,  should,  in  his  opinion,  l)e])aid  under  suoh  settlement;  and  the  sum 
of  two  thousand  five  hundred  dollars  is  hereby  appropriated  for  such  investigation. 

Under  date  of  August  IS,  1882,  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  ap- 
pointed Courtliind  C.  Clements,  esq.,  of  Richmond,  Ind.,  special  agent 
to  investigate  all  matters  of  dispute  between  these  bands  and  parts  of 
bands  and  the  nation  west,  or  the  United  States,  as  i^rovided  in  said 
item  of  the  sundry  civil  appropriation  act,  and  ho  is  now  engaged  in 
the  examination  of  the  records  of  this  office  upon  the  issues  involved. 

UMATILLA  RESERVATION  IN  OREGON. 

Bills  have  been  introduced  in  the  present  Congress  (S.  434  and  H.  E. 
2579)  providing  for  allotments  in  severalty  to  the  Indians  of  the  above- 
named  reservation,  and  for  the  sale  of  the  remainder  thereof  after  such 
allotments  shall  have  been  made,  the  funds  arising  from  such  sale  to  be 
used  in  establishing  the  Indians  on  their  several  allotments,  for  the 
support  of  an  industrial  farm  and  school  for  the  children  of  said  reser- 
vation, and  for  other  like  beneficial  purposes.  The  general  provisions 
of  these  bills,  being  in  keeping  with  the  policy  steadfastly  advocated 
by  this  bureau  for  allotments  in  severalty  to  Indians  with  perfect  and 
permanent  title,  were  recommended  to  the  favorable  consideration  of 
Congress  in  a  special  report  to  the  department  (in  response  to  a  call 
of  the  Senate  Committee  on  Indian  Affairs  for  information),  dated  Jan- 
uary 19,  1882,  and  supplemental  report  of  February  1  following. 

It  appears  that  a  large  majority  of  the  Indians  occupying  said  reser- 
vation are  anxious  to  take  lands  in  severalty ;  they  have  more  land  than 
is  actually  needed  for  that  purpose,  and  the  sale  of  a  part  of  their  reser- 
vation, as  contemplated,  would  furnish  them  the  means  for  a  fair  start 
upon  their  several  allotments.  I  renew  my  recommendation  for  the 
early  passage  of  one  or  the  other  of  the  pending  bills,  with  the  amend- 
ments proposed  in  the  special  office  reports  above  mentioned. 

TO^VN  OF  PENDLETON,  OREGON. 

In  my  last  annual  report  to  the  department  the  question  of  disposing 
of  a  portion  of  the  Umatilla  Reservation  in  Oregon  sufficient  to  meet 
the  growing  necessities  of  the  adjacent  town  of  Pendleton  was  dis- 
cussed, with  the  suggestion  that  Congress  be  asked  to  grant  needful 
authority  in  the  premises.  By  act  of  August  5  last  authority  is  had 
for  the  survey,  appraisement  and  sale  (with  the  consent  of  the  Indians) 
of  so  much  of  said  reservation  lying  and  being  contiguous  to  or  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  town  of  Pendleton  as  may  be  necessary  to  allow  that 
town  proper  and  needful  growth  and  extension,  not  exceeding  640  acres. 
An  inspector  of  the  department  has  recently  visited  the  Umatilla  Re- 
servation and  obtained  the  consent  of  the  Indians  to  disposal  of  the 
tract  named  in  the  manner  proposed. 

MALHEUR  RESERVATION. 

By  Executive  order  of  recent  date  (September  13,  1882)  the  greater 
portion  of  the  Malheur  Indian  Reservation  in  the  State  of  Oregon  has 
been  restored  to  the  public  domain.  In  my  last  annual  report  it  was 
stated  to  be  the  purpose  of  this  office  to  dispose  of  the  lauds  embraced 
within  said  reservation  by  sale  for  the  benefit  of  Indians  for  whose  use 
and  occupation  it  was  set  apart.  Such  has  been  the  desire  and  inten- 
tion of  this  bureau  ever  since  it  became  apparent  that  the  reservation 
was  no  longer  needed  for  purposes  of  Indian  occupation ;  but  in  response 
to  most  urgent  and  persistent  appeals  on  the  part  of  the  people  of  Ore- 


KEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.      671 

jjon  for  the  restoratiou  of  these  lands  to  the  public  domain,  in  order  that 
they  might  become  subject  to  settlement  under  the  homestead  and  i)re- 
emption  laws,  this  office  was  led  to  so  far  mo<lif.v  former  recommenda- 
tions as  to  reduce  the  quantity  to  be  retained  and  sold  for  the  benetit 
of  the  Indians  to  considerably  less  than  one-quarter  of  the  whole  reser- 
vation, and  to  recommend  the  reduction  of  the  reservation  accordingly. 
It  was  upon  this  recommendation,  conciured  in  by  the  department,  that 
the  order  for  the  reduction  was  made. 

The  tract  still  remaining  in  a  state  of  reservation,  being  the  north- 
eastern portion  of  the  late  reservation,  embraces  all  the  agency  build- 
ings and  im])rovements  of  whatsoever  cLaracter.  The  order  also  re- 
serves out  of  the  lands  restored  to  the  public  domain  a  tract  of  320 
acres,  upon  which  are  situated  the  buildings  and  improvements  belong- 
ing to  the  old  Camp  Harney  military  reserve.  It  is  the  intention  of  the 
ofhce  to  ask  for  such  legislation  as  will  enable  the  department  to  sell 
the  diminished  reserve  for  the  benelit  of  the  Indians  aforesaid. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  sir,  very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

H.  PIIICE, 

Commissioner. 

The  Hon.  Secretary  of  the  Interior. 


EEPORT  OF  THE  COMMISSIOXER  OF  RAILROADS. 

Department  of  the  Interior, 
Office  COiVnviissioNER  of  Railroads, 

Washington,  J).  C,  November  1,  1882. 
Sir  :  In  compliance  with  the  statutory  requirements  of  the  act  creat- 
ing this  bureau  (20  U.  S.  Statutes,  1G9,  sec.  3),  I  have  the  honor  to  sub- 
mit the  following  report  in  regard  to  the  bureau  and  its  operations,  and 
of  the  condition  of  the  property,  business,  and  accounts  of  the  several 
railroad  companies  which  have  complied  with  the  request  of  this  office 
under  the  law,  and  to  which,  or  their  predecessors,  the  United  States 
have  granted,  and  Mhich  have  directly  or  indirectly  received,  any  sub- 
sidy in  bonds  or  grant  of  public  lands,  and  the  geographical  location  of 
whose  railroads  is  in  whole  or  part  west,  north  or  south  of  the  Missouri 
River. 

ACCOUNTS. 

Able  and  expert  accountants  of  this  office  have  investigated  and  re- 
ported upon  the  busmess,  liuancial  condition,  and  proportion  of  "  net 
earnings"  due  the  government  for  thepastyear.  The  results  are  shown 
in  detail  under  the  proper  headings  hereafter.  Free  access  has  been 
accorded  to  the  books  and  accounts  of  the  several  subsidized  roads, 
■  whenever  requested.  Detailed  statements  of  the  earnings  and  expenses, 
financial  condition,  and  physical  characteristics  of  the  various  land-grant 
railroads  liave  been  compiled  from  examination  and  returns  ma«le,  and 
are  submitted  herewitli.  As  a  rule,  the  ac(joiints  of  the  roads  are  kept 
in  a  thoroughly  comprehensive  and  business-like  manner. 

Rei)orts  to  this  office  are  not  always  made  as  promptly  as  required, 
but  the  desire  is  expressed  by  the  dill'erent  comi)anies  to  fully  and 
promptly  comply  with  the  lawful  demands  of  the  bureau. 

INSPECTION   OF  PROPERTY. 

Properly  authorized  members  of  this  bureau,  in  conformity  with  the 
law,  have  made  extensive  trips  this  year  to  inspect  the  vast  properties 


672  TAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

of  tlio.iiumerouB  bonded  and  land  grant  railroads  coming  within  its 
jurisdiction.  A  decidedly  healthy  improvement  in  construction,  opera- 
tion, and  business  has  been  manifest.  Steel  rails  are  being  substituted 
for  iron  as  raj)idly  as  practicable,  more  ties  to  the  mile  and  of  superior 
(piality,  better  fastenings  and  good  ballast  are  being  used.  Bridges  and 
buildings  are  )iot  only  being  repaired  and  renewed,  but  generally  im- 
proved or  repla<!ed  by  better  ones.  Embankments  and  cuts  are  being 
widened,  gi-ades  and  curvatures  reduced,  and  general  improvements 
made  as  far  as  practicable.  The  best  pattern,  as  to  service,  of  locomo- 
tives is  being  used,  and  improved  passenger  and  freight  cars  purchased 
or  built.  AVhere  the  financial  condition  of  the  companies  admit  of  it, 
new  machinery  of  the  most  improved  kind  is  being  obtained ;  shoi)s, 
round  houses,  station  buildings,  section  and  tool  houses  are  being  con- 
structed of  a  much  improved  and  superior  character. 

The  unprecedented  construction  of  railroads  during  the  present  year 
deserves  very  thoughtful  consideration.  The  Pacific  companies  are 
rapidly  extending  their  lines,  some  through  sections  of  country  which 
are  and  will  remain  for  years  to  come  of  little  value,  but  which  exten- 
sions arc  for  the  most  part  necessary  to  secure  the  trade  of  rapidly  de- 
veloping sections,  and  to  make  through  connections  with  important  dis- 
tributing points  which  will  ultimately  be  of  great  value  to  the  main  lines. 

List  of  roads  inspected  and  reported  upon : 

Miles. 
Central  Pacific  system : 

Central  Pacitic,  main  line  : 

San  Francisco  to  Ogden  via  Beuicia 835 

Sacramento  to  Redding,  Oregon  Division 170 

Sacramento  to  San  Francisco  via  Niles,  &c 187 

Southern  Pacific  of  California,  Arizona,  and  Ne-w  Mexico 1 ,  2s< ! 

Total 2,47rt 

Union  Pacific  system: 

Union  Division,  main  line 1,033 

Cheyenne  Division 105 

Colorado  Division 189 

Denver  and  South  Park  Division 225 

Kansas  Division,  main  line 030 

Kansas  Division,  McPherson  Branch :!6 


Northern  Pacific  Kaikoad : 

Western  Division  to  "the  front" 602 

Eastern  Division  to  "  the  front" 1,029 

1,  631 

Southern  Pacific,  Northern  Division: 

Main  line  and  branches 178 

Missouri  Pacific  system: 

Missouri  Pacific  main  line,  Saint  Louis  to  Kansas  City 283 

Missouri  Pacific  main  line,  Atchison  to  Omaha 166 

Kansas  and  Texas  Division  (Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Kailw.ay),  Sedalia 

toYinita 211 

Saint  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  and  Southern  Division,  Saint  Louis  to  Texar- 

kana 490 

Texas  and  Pacific  Railway,  Texarkaua  to  El  Paso 869 

2,  019 

Saint  Louis  and  San  Francisco  Railway: 

Vinita,  lud.  Ter.,  to  Saint  Louis,  Mo 364 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  IXTERIOR.     673 

Atlantic  and  Pacific: 

Albnqueniuc  to  Cauon  Diablo,  N.  Mcx ^12 

Oregon  and  California : 

Portland  to  Roseburg  and  the  ''front"' '-212 

Albany  to  Portland  via  Corvallis IC? 

31'.» 

Central  Branch  Union  Pacific  : 

Atchison  to  Greenleaf 114 

Sioux  City  and  Pacific: 

Freemont  to  Missouri  Valley  Jnnction,  and  thence  to  Sioux  City,  Iowa, 
all  owned 107 

Saint  Paul  and  Duluth: 

Duluth  to  Saint  Paul 155 

CONDITION  OF  TRANSPORTATION  ACCOUNTS. 

Appendix  7  of  this  report  shows  in  detail  the  condition  of  tlic  trans- 
portation accounts  of  the  indebted  Pacilic  Railroads  to  the  goveniment 
to  be  as  follows : 

Transportation  services  performed  for  tho  United  States  to  December 

31,  1681 ,  as  shown  by  companies'  Iwoks ^25, 303, 703  &3 

Less  one-half  of  charijjes  for  transportation  prior  to 

1873,  paid  to  th^  companies $4,295,187  03 

[Act  of  March  D,  1873,  requires  aH  transportation  performed 
for  the  government  to  be  ■withheld.    Priortothattinieone- 
half  of  iimount  was  paid  to  the  subsidized  railroads.] 
One-half  retained  and  applied  to  the  credit  of  tho  com- 
panies, prior  to  1873 4,204,471  03 

Transportation  services  performed  and  settled  for  prior 
to  the  act  of  1873 8,409,659  01 

Remainder  applicable  to  "repayment  of  interest,"  to 
the  payment  of  •'  5  per  cent,  of  net  earnings,"  and  to 
the  payment  of  requirement  for  U.S.  "sinking  fund." 10,804,044  (57 

APPLICATIOX. 

Included  iii  this  remainder  of  $10,604,044. 67  is  transpor- 
tation on  non-aided  lines  operated  by  the  subsidy 
roads,  amounting  to .$2, 718, 363  76 

To  which  add  one-half  of  remaining  transi>ortation  on 
subsidy  portions 7,042,810  45 

Total  to  bond  and  interest  account '.•,701,204  21 

One-half  transportation  (814,085,080.91)  on  subsidized 
portions,  to  sinking  I'lnul  account 7,042,840  46 

Total 10,804,044  07 

The  total  cash  payments  to  December  31,  18S1,  which  have  been  re- 
quired from  the  coiiii)auies,  in  nddition  to  tho  retention  of  tho  entire 
compensation  for  .services,  are  as  follows  : 

Central  Pacific $1,2.82,26-4  44 

(Xntral  Branch  Union  Pacific 1,953  77 

Union  Pacific §1,840,911  70 

Less  balance  due  the  Kansas  Pacific  for  excess  of 
transportation  over  and  above  the  annual  requirement 
for  5  per  cent,  of  its  net  earnings  to  December  31,  1881.        930, 074  73 

901,837  03 

Total 2,186,055  JM 

43  Ab 


674 


TAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 


The  Central  Pacific  Kailroad  Company  has  deposited  the  above 
amount  of  $l,liS2,204.44  in  the  Treasury,  but  the  balance  of  $901,837.03 
due  from  the  Union  Pacific  which  owns  and  operates  the  Kansas  Pa- 
cific liailway  as  one  of  its  divisions  lias  not  been 'finally  adjusted,  owing 
to  items  for  new  construction  and  new  equipment  being  in  dispute,  and 
which  is  hereafter  more  fully  discussed. 

PASSENGER  AND  FREIGHT  MILEAGE  AND  RATES. 

Frequent  inquiry  has  been  made  as  to  the  relative  business  and  rate 
of  compensation  for  freight  and  passengers  on  the  Pacific  roads,  as  com- 
pared with  roads  not  within  the  jurisdiction  of  this  office. 

With  a  view  to  intelligent  comparison,  I  have  had  compiled  a  table 
showing  the  mileage  and  rate  of  compensation  for  the  years  1878, 1879, 
1880,  and  1881  of  twelve  of  the  leading  representative  roads  of  the 
United  States,  which  is  herewith  submitted. 

The  low  average  mileage  of  the  Central  Pacific  is  by  reason  of  about 
four-fifths  of  the  passenger  traflfic  being  what  is  known  as  "  Ferry  pas- 
sengers," the  haul  of  which  is  about  0  miles,  thus  i)rox)ortionately  re- 
ducing the  general  or  average  mileage. 

Miles  traveled  i)er  xmssenger,  with  average  rate  per  mile. 


Names  of  roada. 


1878. 


Per 
pass. 


Kate. 


1879. 


Per 
pass. 


Ptate. 


Per 
pass. 


1880. 


Eate. 


188L 


Per 

pass. 


Kate. 


Union  Pacific 

Central  Pacific 

LouisTille  and  Nashville 

Atchison,  Topeka  and  Santa  r6 

Chicago  and  Northwestern 

Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  Saint  Paul  . 

Chicago,  Rock  Island  and  Pacific 

Lake  Shore  and  Michigan  Southern  . . 
New  Tork,  Lake  Erie  and  Western.. . 
New  York  Central  and  Hudson  River 

Pennsylvania 

Boston  and  Albany 


Miles. 

511 
26 
58 

147 
35 
46 
40 
49 
29 
34 
27 
19 


Cents. 
3.27 
2.96 
3.37 
3.09 
2.80 
3.09 
2.97 
2.29 
2.19 
2.01 
2.36 
2.24 


Miles. 

484 
27 
.57 

140 
35 
50 
42 
50 
35 
36 
26 
19 


Cents, 
3.20 
2.72 
3.45 
3.06 
2.80 
2.93 
2.97 
2.22 
2.09 
2.02 
2.28 
2.14 


Miles. 


Cent*. 


29 
54 
146 
35 
52 
44 
53 
33 
40 
26 
19 


3.04 
3.51 
3.35 

2.70 
2.84 
2.80 
2.14 
2.04 
1.99 
2.25 
2.08 


MxUs. 
166 
30 
32 


Cents. 
3.34 
3.07 
3.40 


2.53 
2.86 
2.67 
1.99 
2.02 
L86 
2.J8 
L97 


Number  of  miles  per  ton  of  freight,  with  average  rate  per  ton  per  mile. 


Kames  of  roada. 

1878. 

1879. 

1880. 

1881. 

Per  ton. 

Centa. 

Per  ton. 

Cents. 

Per  ton. 

Cents. 

Per  ton. 

Cents. 

Miles. 
434 
219 
84 
218 
160 
165 
209 
220 
199 
265 
158 
125 

Eate. 

2.27 

2.75 

1.66 

2.12 

1.72 

L80 

1..56 

.73 

.97 

.93 

.92 

1.13 

Miles. 
439 
211 
85 
242 
160 
197 
228 
230 
191 
255 
156 
119 

Rate. 

1.99 

2. 78 

1.53 

2.51 

1.56 

1.72 

L43 

.64 

.78 

.81 

.80 

LIO 

Miles. 

Sate. 

Miles. 

379 

266 

96 

Raie. 
1.99 

Central  Pacific ... .......... 

264 
149 
280 
155 
155 
231 
222 
198 
240 
150 
113 

2.34 

1.61 

2.43 

1.49 

1.76 

1.21 

.75 

.84 

.87 

.88 

1.21 

2.14 

Louisville  and  Nashville 

1.55 

Atchison,  Topeka  and  Santa  r6  . . . 

147 
163 
211 
221 
179 
228 
146 
110 

1.47 

Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  Saint  Paul. 
Chicago,  Rock  Island  aud  Pacific. . . 
Lake  bhore  and  Michigan  Southern . 
New  York,  LakeErieand  Western  . 
New  York  Central  and  Hudson  River 
Pennsylvania 

1.70 
1.22 
.62 
.81 
.78 
.80 

£ostoa  and  Albany 

L04 

In  this  connection  I  have  also  had  prepared  a  table  of  the  earnings, 
mileage,  aud  rates  of  compensation  for  passenger  and  freight  traffic 
over  the  Union  and  Central  Pacific  roads  from  the  first  year  of  their 
operation  to  the  latest  yearly  returns,  as  complete  as  the  data  accessi- 
ble would  admit.  They  show  a  steady  increase  in  mileage  aud  volume 
of  business*  tvud  decrease  in  rates  of  compensation. 


REPORT    OF   THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    INTERIOR. 


675 


1    ^ 


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676 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANVING    THE 


CONDITION  OF  THE  IJOND   AND  INTEREST  ACCOUNTS. 

Tlio  followiiij?  statoinont  of  the  con<lition  of  the  ac(;ounts  -with  the 
/everal  Pacific  Uailroad  companies,  so  far  as  re.ijar(ls  nioiuiys  wliich  have 
beeu  actually  covered  in  to  tlicir  credit,  is  ol)taiiied  from  the  public  debt 
statement  for  June  30,  1882.  No  account  is  taken  of  moneys  in  the 
sinking  funds  held  by  the  Treasurer  of  the  United  States,  or  of  the 
compensation  for  services  peribrmed  by  them  for  the  government  at 
that  time  remaining  unsettled  by  the  accounting  officers,  an<l  under  the 
heading  "Interest  paid  by  the  United  States"  the  semi-annual  pay- 
ment due  July  1,  1882,  is  included : 


Name  of  railway. 


Principal 
outatandin;'. 


Interest  ac-  Interestpaid 


rued  and 
notyetpaid 


bi' the  United 
States. 


Interest  repaid  by  com- 
panies. 


By  cash 


By  transpor-  payments  o"^^S?';"; 


Balance  of 
interest  paid 
by  tlie  United 


tation  serv 
ices 


percent,  of 
net  earn- 
in  2:8. 


Central  Pacilic $25,88.5,120  00;  $776,553  CO  $21,  899, 448  07  $S,  812, 411  95  $648, 271  96  i$17,438,7G4  16 

189,090  00     5,751,1.53  09   2,72.5,458  33 1     .3,025,69^76 

817.095  36j  23,323,659  69   8,4.53,537  60 '  14,870,122  09 

48,  000  00     1,  453,  808  26;      124,  639  85:      6,  926  91  ,     1,  322,  241  50 

59,116  80'     1,550,  015  34|  9,367  00; '     1,  540, 648  ."H 

46,84960!     1,  366,  598  29 1        95,278  57; i     1,271,31972 


Kansas  Pa<-iflc 6,  303,  000  00; 

Union  Pacific 27,230,512  00, 

Central  Branch  U.  P.  i     1,  600,  000  00, 

Western  Pacitic 1,  970,  560  00 

Sioux  City  and  Pacific     1,628,320  00! 


Totals 64,623,512  001,938,705  36   55,344,682  7415,220,693  30   655,198  87 


39, 468, 790  57 


Appendix  7  shows  the  total  indebtedness  of  the  several  subsidized 
Pacitic  Kailroads  to  the  United  States  on  June  30, 1882,  to  be  as  follows  : 

TOTAL  DEBT. 

Uuion  Pacific: 

Principal $33,539,512  00 

Accrued  interest 30,080,998  14 

$03,620,510  14 

Central  Pacific: 

Principal 27,855,680  00 

Accrued  interest 24,285,133  81 

52,140,813  bl 

Sioux  City  and  Pacific : 

Principal 1,628,320  00 

Accrued  interest .- 1,415,447  89 

3,043,767  89 

Central  Branch  Union  Pacific : 

Principal 1,600,000  00 

Accrued  interest 1,501,808  26 

3, 101, 808  26 

Total 121,906,900  10 

TOTAL  CREDIT. 

Transportation  services  performed  and  money  paid  into  the  Treasury: 

Union  Pacific 12,360,603  35 

Central  Pacific 6,004,665  17 

Sioux  City  and  Pacific - 95,278  57 

Central  Branch  Union  Pacific 131,566  76 

Total 18,592,113  85 

Balance  in  favor  of  the  United  States,  but  not  due  until  maturity  of 
the  principal,  1895-"99 103,314,786  25 


I 


REPORT   OP   THE    SECRETARY    OF   THE    INTERIOR.  677 

CONDITION  OF  THE  SINKING-FUND  ACCOUNTS. 

The  recommendation  is  renewed  that  section  4  of  the  act  of  May  7, 
1878,  be  so  amended  as  to  embrace  the  subsidy  portion  of  the  Kansa.s 
Division  o/  the  Uiiiim  Paeific  Kailway,  the  Central  Branch  Union 
Pacific  Railroad,  and  the  Sioux  City  and  Pacific  Kailroad  within  the 
operations  of  said  act  recjuirin.u-  the  establishment  of  sinkin;;  funds  and 
the  payment  of  "twenty-liN-e  per  centum  of  net  earnings."  The  annual 
requirement  as  to  the  Kansas  Division  should  be  a  sum  not  less  than 
$300,000,  and  as  to  the  two  other  roads,  it  is  believed  that  $00,000  each 
would  not  be  an  unreasonable  re<iuirement. 

A])pendix  8  of  this  report  shows  in  detail  the  condition  of  the  sink- 
ing funds  of  the  Union  and  Central  I'acitic  Conii)anies,  resi)ectively, 
held  by  the  Treasurer  of  the  United  States  under  the  act  of  Congress 
approved  May  7,  1878,  from  which  it  Avill  be  seen  that  on  .lune  oO,  1882, 
these  funds  amounted  to  $2,710,221.68,  the  Central  Pacific  having  to  its 
credit  $1,534,014.20,  and  the  Union  Pacific,  $1,181,007.42. 

Investments  have  been  made  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  as 
follows : 


Character  of  bonds. 


Union    Pa- 
cific. 


Central  Pa-  '       -p  .  , 
citic.        :       ^°"'- 


$194,  000  00  I      $451.  3r>0  00 
199,100  CO  :         -Jal,  750  00 


Funded  loan  of  1881,  5  per  cent $250,450  00 

Funded  loan  i.f  1907,  4  percent 32,050  00 

Currency  sixes,  6  per  cent I      301,00000  |      444,  000  00  i        8u5,  000  00 

Principal Gr>0,100  00         83S,  ono  00  :     1,48)^,100  00 

Premium  paid ,      124,  005  43  |      108,727  73!        292,  793  lU 

Total  cost i      774,105  43  11,006,727  73  j    1,  760,  b03  18 

The  last  investment  was  made  AjmlO,  1881,  at  which  timea]n'emium 
as  high  as  35  per  centum  was  paid,  but  repeated  protests  have  been 
made  by  the  com])anies  against  the  heavy  cost  of  these  investmedts. 

Oa  June  30,  1882,  the  amounts  remaining  in  the  Treasury  iininveatcd 
were  as  follows  : 

Credit  of  the  Central  Pacilic   s.-)27.886  .')3 

Credit  of  the  Uniou  Pacilic 4U7,44I  99 

Total y3r.,:<2«:  52 

on  which  the  above  companies  are  receiving  no  interest  wliatever. 

The  act  of  1878,  section  3,  re(iuires  that  the  "sinking  fund  sliall  hr 
invested  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  in  bonds  of  the  United 
States,"  and  directs  that  he  shall  prefer  the  5  per  cent,  bonds.  It  evi- 
dently was  not  foreseen  that  the  0,  5,  4A,  and  4  per  cent,  bonds  might 
be  called  in  for  payment  and  converted  or  extended  at  3.V,  or  even  .". 
per  cent. ;  nor  was  it  foreseen  that  the  premium  would  rise  to  more  than 
one  third  of  the  entire  fund.  The  last  investment  was  made  April  0, 
1881,  at  a  inemium  as  high  as  35  per  cent.,  and  on  June  30,  last,  there 
remained  uninvested  $035,328.52,  which  amount  has  since  been  hugely 
increased.  The  linid  has  evidently  not  accomplished  the  result  antici- 
pated ami,  since  April,  1881,  may  be  regarded  as  having  i)ractically 
failed  for  Avant  of  suitable  investment. 

The  Supreme  Court,  in  the  United  States  v.  the  Union  Pacific  Kail- 
road  Company  (01  U.  S.  li.,  72)  has  held  that  the  comi)anies  "are  not 


678  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

required  to  pay  the  interest  before  the  maturity  of  the  principal  of  the 
bonds." 

The  fund,  tJicreforc,  tluis  paid  into  the  Treasury  is  not  api)Hed  as  in 
ordinary  cases,  first  to  the  extinguishment  of  interest,  but  is  credited 
to  the  companies  respectively  under  the  provisions  of  the  act  of  1878 — 
one-half  of  the  amount  of  transportation  retained  and  5  per  cent,  of 
the  net  earnings  to  the  bond  and  interest  account  and  the  remainder  of 
the  25  per  cent,  of  net  earnings  to  the  sinking  fund — the  ditterence  be- 
ing that  that  which  is  credited  on  the  bond  and  interest  account  bears 
no  interest,  and  that  which  is  invested  in  the  sinking  fund  earns  for  the 
company  the  interest  of  its  investment  until  the  maturity  of  the  bonds, 
when  the  whole  accumulated  fund  will  be  applied  toward  the  payment 
of  the  debt.  The  government  has  thus  a  direct  interest  in  seeing  that 
the  fund  be  made  fully  productive. 

In  view  of  the  fact  that  these  companies  are  being  charged  with  interest 
on  their  subsidy  bonds  at  the  rate  of  G  per  centum  per  annum,  that  the 
investments  made  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  yield  only  about  3i 
per  centum  per  annum,  and  at  maturity  of  the  bonds  the  large  premiums 
paid  will  be  entirely  lost  to  the  companies,  and  that  a  sum  now  much 
exceeding  $1,000,000,  and  constantly  increasing,  remains  uninvested  by 
by  reason  of  the  limitations  of  the  act — in  simple  justice  to  them  and  in 
the  interest  of  the  government,  I  deem  it  my  duty  to  recommend  that 
section  3  of- the  act  of  May  7,  1878,  be  so  amended  as  to  authorize  the 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury  to  invest  the  sinking  funds  in  the  first  mort- 
gage bonds  of  the  companies  or  such  bonds  as  have  been  issued  to 
them  by  the  United  States,  or  in  other  good  and  sufficient  securities, 
and  to  convert  the  bonds  now  held  by  the  Treasurer  of  tlie  United  States 
in  said  sinking  funds,  into  money  at  the  market  rates,  and  reinvest 
the  same  in  like  securities. 

As  many  doubts  have  been  expressed  as  to  the  ability  of  the  com- 
panies to  meet  their  indebtedness  at  maturity,  and  as  to  the  efficiency 
of  the  provisions  for  a  sinking  fund,  I  deem  it  proper  to  suggest 
whether  it  may  not  be  practicable  and  highly  desirable,  with  the  con- 
sent of  the  conii)anies,  to  change  the  form  of  their  indebtedness  from 
a  running  book  account  into  a  settlement  and  actual  delivery  of  inter- 
est-bearing bonds  for  the  amount  found  to  be  due  on  a  convenient  day, 
say  July  1,  1883,  at  which  time  one-half  of  the  interest  will  have  been 
paid  by  the  United  States.  Let  the  ascertained  amount  be  divided 
into,  say,  one  hundred  semi-annual  installments,  each  to  be  represented 
by  a  redemption  bond,  one  payable  each  six  months,  together  with  in- 
terest upon  the  whole  unpaid  remainder  of  the  debt,  the  lien  to  remain 
as  it  is. 

To  aid  reflection  upon  this  suggestion,  I  desire  to  submit  some  con- 
siderations which  bear  upon  it. 

The  proportion  of  "net  earnings"  required  to  be  paid,  under  the  act 
of  May  7,  1878,  is  probably  as  large  a  proportion  of  the  income  of  the 
roads  as  due  regard  to  their  proper  maintenance  and  the  interests  of 
the  public  will  permit.  It  is  as  well  guarded  as  perhaps  any  act  ccnild 
be,  yet  its  practical  enforcement  is  not  without  difficulty.  Xot  oidy  is 
the  constitutionality  of  the  act  regarded  by  t!ie  companies  as  still  open, 
but  questions  of  book-keeping,  of  expenses,  of  bfe^ttennents,  of  new  con- 
struction, of  aided  and  non-aided  portions  of  the  road,  of  through  and 
local  traffic  and  of  diverted  traffic  have  all  entered  into  tlie  ascertain- 
ment of  what  ai-e  "the  wliole  net  earnings  of  the  said  railroad  company 
as  ascertained  and  defined  as  hereinbefore  provided." 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     679 

Again,  the  act  of  March  o,  1873,  section  2,  directs  tlie  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury  "to  withhold  all  payments  to  any  railroad  company  and 
its  assigns  on  account  of  freights  or  transportation  over  their  respect- 
ive roads,  of  any  kind,  to  the  amount  of  ])ayments  nmde  by  the  United 
States,  for  interest  u])on  bonds  of  the  United  States  issued  to  any  such 
companj',  and  which  shall  not  have  been  reind)nrse<l,  together  with  live 
per  cent,  of  net  earnings  due  and  unapi)!ied  as  provided  by  law."  But 
the  same  section  authorizes  any  such  company  to  bring  suit  in  the  Court 
of  Claims  to  recover  the  luicc  of  such  freight  and  transportation,  and 
directs  the  issue  to  be  determined  upon  the  merits  of  the  law  and  facts, 
with  right  of  appeal  to  the  Supreme  Court. 

The  several  laws  touching  the  security  of  the  advances  made  by  the 
government  in  aid  of  the  roads  have  been  fruitful  of  litigation. 

In  United  States  i\  Kansas  Pacific  Kailway  Company  (90  U.  S.  11. 
455)  it  yas  decided  that  the  bonds  issued  to  that  company  were  a  lien 
only  on  that  portion  of  the  company's  road  in  respect  to  which  they 
were  issued,  namely,  394  miles,  and  that  only  such  ])art  of  the  annual 
net  earnings  of  the  road  as  was  due  to  those  miles  is  subject  to  the  i)ay- 
ment  of  the  5  per  cent.  The  same  construction  has  been  adopted  in 
other  cases,  and  has  been  extended  to  exchide  from  the  operations  of 
the  act  "  net  earnings"  earned  upon  non-aided  roads  or  parts  of  roads 
operated  by  the  companies. 

What  are  "net  earnings"  under  the  sinking-fund  act  has  been  con- 
tested. The  Union  Pacific  Company  1ms  declined  to  settle  on  the  basis 
on  which  this  office  insists. 

The  controversy  involves  items  for  new  construction  and  equipment  for 
the  three  and  one-half  years  ending  December  31,  1881,  to  the  amount 
of  $2,381,439.82,  25  per  cent  of  which  is  claimed  to  be  due  the  govern- 
ment and  has  been  included  in  the  payments  demanded  from  the  com- 
pany.   The  status  of  the  question  is  as  follows : 

In  United  States  v.  Union  Pacific  Railroad  Company  (99  U.  S.  K. 
402)  it  was  held  that  "net  earnings  within  the  meaning  of  the  law  are 
ascertaine<l  by  deducting  from  the  gross  earnings  all  the  ordinary  ex- 
penses of  organization  and  of  operating  the  road,  and  expenditures 
made  bona  Ude  in  improvements,  and  paid  out  of  earnings,  and  not  by 
the  issue  of  bonds  or  stocks. 

In  United  States  v.  Kansas  Pacific  Railway  Company  (99  U.  S.  R. 
455)  the  court  adheres  to  the  ruling  in  United  States  v.  Union  Pacific 
Railroad  Comi)any  {su2)ra,  p.  402)  as  to  the  principle  which  sh<mld 
govern  in  determining  the  amount  of  "net  earnings,"  and  si)ecifically 
rules  that  in  ascertaining  net  earnings,  there  should  be  deducted  from 
gross  receipts,  provided  they  were  actually  i)aid  out  of  the  earnings 
of  the  road  and  not  raised  by  bond  or  stock,  the  e(pii])ment  account,  or 
repl-acing  and  rebuilding  rolling  stock,  machinery,  »S:c.,  the  amounts 
paid  for  depot  grounds  and  the  expenses  of  the  same,  and  the  constrtic- 
tion-account  or  im])rovements  and  additions  to  the  track,  «S:c. 

These  cases  were  instituted  in  the  Court  of  Claims  in  1S77  (13  C.  of 
C.  401),  and  were  decid<'d,  ujjou  ajjpeals,  by  tlie  Supreme  Court  at  the 
October  term,  187S.  Although  decided  upon  the  statutes  prior  to  the 
act  of  May  7,  1878,  the  court  in  the  Union  J'acilic  case  (p.  427)  refer  to 
that  act,  but  did  not  pass  upon  its  eli'ect,  in  ascertaining  "  net  earnings" 
as  therein  provided. 

The  first  section  of  this  act  in  terms  i)rovides  "that  the  net  earnings 
mentioned  in  the  act  of  1802,  of  said  railroad  companies  respectively, 
shall  be  ascertained  by  deducting  from  the  gross  amount  of  their  earn- 
ings respectivelj'  the  necessary  expenses  actually  paid  within  the  year  in 


680  PAl'EKrf    ACCOMrANYlNG    THE 

operating  the  same  and  keeping  the  same  in  a  state  of  repair,  and  also  the 
sum  paid  by  them  respectively  within  the  year  in  discharge  of  interest 
on  their  first  mortgage  bonds  whose  lien  has  priority  on  the  lien  of  the 
United  States." 

This  statute  has  not  received  judicial  coustruction  as  to  the  method 
it  prescribes  of  ascertaining  ''net  earnings."  Dnder  these  circum- 
stances, this  office  has  insisted  that  expenditures  for  new  construction 
and  neio  equipment  are  not  ^'■necessary  expenses  actually  paid  within  the 
year  in  operating  the  same  and  keeping  the  same  in  a  state  of  rejKiir,^^  and 
has  declined  to  settle  upon  any  basis  which  deducts  such  items  from  the 
gross  receipts,  in  ascertaining  net  earnings. 

The  Central  Pacific,  reserving  its  rights,  whatever  they  may  be  under 
the  law,  has  paid  without  prejudice,  2.5  per  cent,  of  their  net  earnings 
as  ascertained  without  such  deduction. 

The  Union  Pacific,  insisting  upon  their  right  to  deduct  sucl^  items, 
have  declined  to  pay  the  balance  claimed  to  be  due  from  them,  viz: 
$901,837.03,  unless  they  are  allowed  to  deduct  from  the  gross  receipts 
the  sum  of  $2,381,439.83  for  new  construction  and  equipment  for  the 
three  and  one-half  years  heretofore  mentioned,  the  allowance  of  which 
would  reduce  the  amount  due  under  the  act  to  8306,477,07. 

In  accordance  with  the  grounds  taken  by  the  company,  a  check  for 
the  balance,  shown  by  their  statement  to  be  due  to  the  United  States 
on  December  31,  1880,  amounting  to  $09,358.83,  was  deposited  in  the 
subtreasury  at  Boston,  Mass.,  on  July  20,  1881.  This  office  felt  wai'- 
ranted,  from  its  construction  of  the  act  of  May  7,  1878,  in  advising  the 
Treasury  Department  not  to  accept  this  amount  as  payment  in  full  of 
all  demands  to  December  31, 1880,  in  consequence  of  which  the  amount 
has  not  been  covered  into  the  Treasury,  and  no  further  payment  has 
been  made  or  tendered  by  the  company.  The  question  remains  open, 
but  it  has  been  agreed  to  request  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  to  submit 
the  matter  to  the  Attorney-General  for  his  opinion,  before  whom  it  will 
be  fuUj'  presented  as  soon  as  practicable. 

The  constitutionality  of  the  act  of  May  7, 1878,  was  contested  by  both 
companies  upon  grounds  of  legislative  power  to  demand  from  the  com- 
panies any  larger  annual  payment  than  that  required  by  the  charter 
acts  of  1862  and  1804.  The  act  was  sustained  by  a  divided  court,  four 
of  the  justices,  by  whom  the  case  was  heard,  holding  the  act  to  be 
within  the  legislative  power,  and  three  joining  in  a  dissenting  opinion. 
(Sulking  fund  cases,  99  U.  S.  R.,  700.) 

Should  the  present  sinking-fund  method  be  continued,  we  may  venture 
upon  an  approximation  of  its  results  as  follows : 

CENTRAL,  PACIFIC   RAILROAD, 

Principal  Slim  of  bonds  advanced §27, 855, 680  GO 

Thirty  years'  interest,  at  6  percent 50, 140, 'J24  00 

Total 77,995,904  00 

Deduct  transportation,  &c.,  approximately,  in  round  num- 
bers, first  tifteeu  years ". §6,000,000 

Deduct  transportation,  &c.,  approximately,  in  round  num- 
bers, last  titt«en  years,  at  present  rates 13,500,000 

By  accumulation  of  sinking  fund  for  the  next  fifteen  years, 
estimated  at  $500,000  per  annum,  together  with  amount 

already  in  sinking  fund,  at  3  per  cent,  per  annum 12,  ,500, 000 

32, 000, 000  00 

Balance  due  United  States  at  maturity  of  bonds 45, 995, 904  00 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     681 

VXIOX  PACIFIC    UAILWAY. 

Principal  of  bonds  advanced *$-27,  ^:{(i,  'A-2  (Xi 

Til  iity  years'  interest,  at  6  per  cent -19, 0'jr>.  121  GO 

Total 7U,-20v>,v>33  GO 

Df'duct  transportation,  &c.,  approximately,  in  round  num- 
bers, for  first  fifteen  years ' $1:2,  000,  000 

Deduct  transportation,  &e.,  approximately,  in  round  num- 
bers, for  last  fifteen  years,  at  the  present  rate 16, r>00,  DdJ 

13y  accumulation  of  sinking  fund  for  the  next  fifteen  years, 
estimated  at  »9U0,0tl0  per  annum,  together  with  amount 

aheadv  in  sinking  fund,  at  3  per  cent,  jjer  amium 2"J,  500,  OUO 

51,000,000  Of) 

Balance  due  United  States  at  maturity  of  bonds ii5, 2<i2, 233  GO 

It  is  manifest  that  when  the  bonds  mature,  at  the  close  of  the  present 
century,  the  present  sinkin^i"  fund  will  not  be  sufficient  to  meet  them, 
and  if  left  to  be  dealt  with  then  as  a  mere  book  account,  with  the  risk 
of  possible  diminution  of  income  from  tljc  rajndly  increasing;'  competi- 
tion which  they  must  surely  eiu'ountcr,  adjustment  may  then  be  more 
diilicult  and  embarrassin.^'  than  now. 

The  balance  unpaid  at  maturity  will  be,  as  nearly  as  can  now  be  es- 
timated, from  the  Central  Pacific,  sav,  84r.,O()0.0()0,  and  from  the  Union 
Pacific,  say,  $L'5,000,000 ;  an  agjiregate  of  871,000,000. 

If  the  debt  were  extended  for  fifty  years,  even  at  present  government 
interest  of  3  per  cent,  per  annum,  it  would  require  annual  payments 
from  the  Central  Company  at  first  of  about  $2,LJ0O,00O,  running  down 
at  the  end  to  about  $947,000,  and  from  the  Union  Company  at  first 
about  $1,250,000,  running  down  to  about  >;jl.j,000. 

These  amounts  are  api)roxiinations  only  and  would  vary  somewhat 
upon  close  calculation  of  the  value  of  the  debt  at  any  given  time  and 
ui)on  proper  commutation  of  the  interest. 

It  is  respectfully  submitted  that  it  is  worthy  of  careful  consideration 
whetlier  it  would  not  be  wisest  and  best  for  Congress  now  to  commute 
the  jnesent  mode  of  payment  into  one  of  fixed  amounts  not  deitciident 
upon  the  fiuctuations  of  net  earnings  or  the  (contingencies  of  competi- 
tion, which  might  cause  net  earnings  to  (iisap])car. 

The  Union  Pacific  and  Central  Pacific  roads  and  their  connections 
are  much  the  most  imjiortant  railroads  with  which  the  governnuMit  has 
to  do.  It  is  of  the  highe«t  importance  to  devise  the  best  nu-rhod  of 
securing  to  the  governnuMit  the  certain  reimbursement  of  its  advances, 
with  due  regard  to  the  rights  and  interests  of  the  company,  the  govern- 
ment, and  the  peoi>]e  so  largely  dei)ondeiit  upon  their  pioi)er  maintenance. 
In  this  connection,  the  original  i)uri)Oses  of  the.  government  in  aiding 
their  construction,  and  which  are  of  no  less  imi)ortance  now  than  then, 
should  have  due  weight. 

The  necessities  under  which  they  oi'iginated,  and  which  are  so  ably 
expressed  by  Justice  Davis  in  delivering  tin?  opinion  of  the  com  t  in 
United  States  vs.  Union  Pacific  Kailroatl  (1>1  U.  S.  R.,  70),  may  l)e  re- 
called with  profit.     lie  says: 

Many  of  the  provisions  in  the  original  act  of  IdO'i  are  outside  of  the  usual  coui-se  of 
legislative  action  concerning  grants  to  railroads,  and  i-anijot  be  prupi-rly  construed 
witlunit  refireuce  to  the  rircuiust.inces  which  existfd  wln-n  it  was  pa.-sed.  The  war 
of  the  reb  llion  was  in  progress,  mid  owing  to  com])licalions  with  England,  tlnM(Miu- 
try  had  become  alarmed  fur  llie  safety  of  our  Pacific  possessions. 

The  enterprise  was  viewed  ;isa  national  undertaking  for  a  national  p»irj)ose,  antl  tho 
public  mind  was  dirt^cted  to  tlie  end  in  vi'-w  rather  than  to  tlie  particular  meanw  for 
aeouring  it.     Although  the  road  was  a  military  uucu^udty,  there  were  other  reasons 


682  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

active  at  tbo  time  in  prodiiciiiK  au  oi»iiiioii  for  its  completion  l)«-sifl<!8  tlio  protec- 
tion of  an  exposed  frontier;  linire  wan  a  vast  nnpc^oplcd  territory  ]yin<x  between 
the  MiHsonri  and  Sacramento  Rivers  wliieli  was  practically  wortlilesN  without  the 
facilities  afforded  by  a  railroad  for  the  transportation  of  persons  and  i)roperty.  With 
its  construction  the  agricultural  and  miueral  resources  of  this  territory  could  be  de- 
veloped, settlements  made  where  settlements  were  possible,  and  thctreby  the  wealth 
and  power  of  the  United  States  largely  increased ;  and  there  was  also  the  pressing 
want,  in  time  of  peace  even,  of  an  improved  and  cheaper  method  for  the  transporta- 
tion of  the  mails  and  of  supi)lies  for  the  Army  and  the  Indians. 

It  was  in  presence  of  these  facts  that  Congress  undfertook  to  deal  with  the  subject 
of  this  railroad.  The  difficulties  in  the  way  of  building  it  were  great  and  by  many 
intelligent  persons  considered  insurmountable. 

The  scheme  for  building  a  railroad  two  thousand  miles  in  length,  across  mountains, 
overdeserts,  and  through  a  country  inhabited  by  Indians,  jealous  of  intrusion  upon  their 
rights,  was  universally  regai'ded  at  the  time  as  a  bold  and  hazardous  undertaking.  It  is 
nothing  to  the  purpose  that  the  apprehended  difficulties  in  a  great  measure  disap- 
peared after  trial,  and  that  the  road  was  constructed  .at  less  cost  of  time  and  money 
than  had  been  considered  possible.  No  argument  can  be  flrawn  from  the  wisdom 
that  comes  after  the  fact. 

The  project  of  building  the  road  was  not  conceived  for  private  ends,  and  the  prev- 
alent opinion  was  that  it  could  not  be  worked  out  by  private  capital  alone.  It  was 
a  national  work,  originating  in  national  necessities,  and  requiring  national  assistance. 

The  primary  object  of  the  government  was  to  advance  its  own  interests,  and  it  en- 
deavored to  engage  individual  co-operation  as  a  means  to  an  end — the  securing  a  road 
which  could  be  i>sed  for  its  owti  puri^oses. 

The  puri^oses  of  Congress  in  granting  the  liberal  aid  extended  to  these 
companies,  so  forcibly  expressed  by  Justice  Davis,  were  held  to  be  im- 
portant elements  in  arriving  at  the  true  construction  of  their  charters, 
and  are  not  now  to  be  overlooked  in  considering  their  present  relations 
to  the  government.  All  these  purposes  have  been  much  more  than  real- 
ized, and  it  has  been  frequently  and  officially  stated  that  the  actual  sav- 
ing, year  by  year,  to  the  government  greatly  exceeds  the  whole  annual 
interest  paid. 

But  whatever  weight  these  considerations  should  have  in  guiding 
the  discretion  of  Congress,  and  however  much  the  government  and  the 
country  are  indebted,  as  they  are,  to  the  vigor  and  enterprise  of  the 
men  by  whose  energy,  skill,  and  perseverance  this  great  national  and 
pioneer  work  was  consummated,  this  office  can  take  no  other  cognizance 
of  their  affairs  than  in  the  simple  light  of  debtor  and  creditor.  And  it 
is  in  this  light  only,  and  with  a  view  to  devise  the  best  possible  security 
for  the  advances  made  by  the  government,  that  I  have  ventured  to  make 
the  suggestions: 

First.  That  if  the  sinking  fund  is  to  be  continued,  the  discretion  of 
the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  should  be  enlarged  as  to  the  investment 
of  the  fund. 

Second.  That  Congress  consider  the  practicability  of  commuting  the 
present  book-account  indebtedness  for  securities  having  the  same  lieu 
and  of  fixed  amount  and  payable  at  fixed  periods. 

RAILROAD  RATES. 

The  adjustment  of  railroad  rates  is  one  of  the  most  difficult  and  del- 
icate questions  of  modern  times,  and  it  is  specially  complicated  in  the 
United  States,  where  every  trunk  line  runs  through  several  States, 
each  independent  within  its  own  jurisdiction  and  jealous  of  all  interfer- 
ence by  the  general  government.  The  enormous  extent  of  this  interest 
and  the  rapidity  of  its  growth,  both  in  the  increase  of  mileage  and  ton- 
nagii,  demands  that  its  relations  to  the  public  shall  be  under  some  judi- 
cious legal  control.  What  it  shall  be  and  to  what  extent,  are  questions 
upon  which  the  most  experienced  experts  differ,  and  as  to  which  there 
is  much  liopular  misapprehension. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     683 

It  is  estimated  by  I\[r.  Ileniy  V.  Poor  that  tbcre  are  now  in  the  United 
States  notless  than  101,8]3  niihi'S  of  railroad,  which,  at  tlie  h>w  estimate 
of  §l'5,0()0  per  mile,  has  cost  over  $2,(500,000,000.  They  have  trans- 
])orted  within  the  last  year  ;55O,O00,00O  tons,  of  an  estinmted  vahie  of 
$12,000,000,000.  Their  gross  receipts  were  8725,325,110.  They  p:iid 
for  wajies  and  material  8440,565,071;  for  interest  on  funded  debts, 
8128,887,002;  for  dividends,  893,344,200.  They  employed  in  operating 
the  roads  1,200,000  persons,  besides  400,000  in  construction,  or  a  total 
of  1,000,000  employes,  or  about  one  thirtj'-second  part  of  our  popula- 
tion, estimated  at  53,200,000. 

Interests  so  vast  and  so  necessarily  and  vitally  bound  up  in  the  pros-. 
perity  of  the  people,  can  oidy  be  dealt  with  with  the  utmost  caution 
and  ui)on  the  fullest  information. 

As  mere  mechanical  devices,  railroads  and  their  equijiments  maybe 
regarded  as  well  perfected,  but  in  their  relations  to  business  they  are 
still  in  their  infancy,  passing  through  formative  discipline  and  experi- 
ment, and  slowly  but  surely  approaching  a  solution  of  the  dillicult 
questions  which  surround  them. 

Hates  and  discriminations  are  not  entirely  within  the  arbitrary  deter- 
mination of  railroad  companies.  They  are  subject  to  comi)etitions 
which  they  cannot  control,  upon  the  ocean,  upon  the  lakes,  and  upon 
the  rivers.  There  is  scarcely  a  center  of  business  in  the  country,  af- 
fording any  considerable  freights,  where  they  are  not  fiercely  contended 
for  upon  all  available  national  highways,  as  well  as  by  canals  and  com- 
]>eting  roads,  with  the  necessary  result  of  practically  reducing  all  com- 
jjcting  rates  to  the  level  of  the  lowest. 

The  great  lakes  and  rivers  so  peculiarly  and  advantageously  located  as 
to  trade,  with  their  numerous,  far-reaching,  and  widely  extended  navi- 
gable tributaries,  carry  water  competition  into  almost  every  portion  of 
the  country,  with  the  eftect  of  so  reducing  the  general  rates  that  the 
United  States  enjoys  the  cheapest  railroad  transportation  in  the  world. 

The  experience  of  all  railroads  is  that  reduction  in  rates  comes  grad- 
ually bnt  surely  from  increased  trallic  and  production.  The  laws  of 
trade  must  ultimately  ])revail  in  the  management  of  railroads  as  in  all 
other  widely-extended  business ;  but  as  yet  no  just  basis  of  general  ap- 
plicution  tbr  the  adjustment  of  rates  and  discriminations  has  been  tbund, 
and  it  is  undenia])lethat  there  are  hardships  neither  few  nor  small  aris- 
ing from  existing  «(liscriminati()ns,  often  arbitrarily  imposed,  which  af- 
fect disastrously  local  trade  atnon-com])eting  points.  There  is  a  grow- 
ing and  clamorous  demand  among  the  people  that  railroad  management 
shall  be  subjected  to  the  restraints  of  law,  nor  is  railroad  management 
adverse  to  reasonable  control.  On  the  contrary,  as  1  believe,  a  judi- 
cious law  would  i>e  most  a(;ceptable. 

It  has  beconu;  a  necessity  that  "  wars"  of  rates  shall  be  controlled  in 
the  interests  of  both  the  ]»eople  and  the  roads.  Tlu'y  usually,  in  the 
ardor  of  competition,  spring  from  sellish  conllict  of  interests,  and  often 
from  breach  of  faith,  which  no  (existing  law  can  control,  and  are  not  in- 
freijuently  connecteil  with  stock-jobbing  speculations.  They  lucak  out 
suddenly  without  warning,  and  riige  with  violenc*'  for  a  time,  with  rates 
reduced  far  below  the  cost  of  transportation,  and  eeaseas  suddenly,  with 
l)romi)t  restoration  of  rates.  Such  "  wars"  for  the  time  unsettle,  witli- 
in  their  operation,  commercial  values,  atlbrding  sudden  and  unreason- 
able i)ro(its  to  a  few  and  entailing  heavy  losses  u])on  others. 

Kailway  commissioners  have  been  appointed  in  twenty-one  States, 
as  per  reports  for  1881,  as  follows: 

Alabama,  three  commissioners,  paid  by  railroads. 


684  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   TIJE 

California,  i\lr^^v  commissioners,  paid  by  State. 

Connecticut,  three  commissioners,  paid  by  railroads. 

Ceorgia,  three  commissioners,  paid  by  State. 

Illinois,  three  commissioners,  ])aid  by  State. 

Iowa,  three  commissioners,  i)aid  by  railroads. 

Kentucky,  three  commissioners,  paid  by  State. 

Maine,  three  commissioners,  paid  by  State. 

]\Iassachusetts,  three  commissioners,  ])aid  by  railroads. 

Mi<;higan,  one  commissioner,  i)aid  by  State. 

3Iinnesota,  one  commissioner,  paid  by  State. 

]NJissouri,  three  commissioners,  ])aid  by  State. 

Xew  Hampshire,  three  commissioners,  i^aid  by  State. 

Ohio,  one  commissioner,  paid  by  State. 

liliode  Island,  one  commissioner,  paid  by  State. 

South  Carolina,  one  commissioner,  paid  by  railroads. 

Vermont,  one  commissioner,  paid  by  railroads. 

Vir<;inia,  one  commissioner,  paid  by  railroads. 

Wisconsin,  one  commissioner,  paid  by  State. 

Texas,  one  railway  inspector. 

Xew  York  will  have  three  commissioners  in  1883. 

The  general  scope  of  the  laAvs  under  which  these  commissioners  are 
appointed  is  to  control  railroads  within  the  State,  and  they  exercise, 
iu  many  instances,  a  healthful  influence  over  railroad  management. 
But  railroad  transportation,  strictly  confined  within  State  jurisdiction, 
is  so  limitednhat  it  leaves  the  real  ditiiculties  unsolved  and  nearly  un- 
affected. It  cannot  be  said  that  State  laws  have  been  successful  iu 
dealing-  with  the  subject. 

Their  limited  jurisdiction  involves  conflicts  with  both  the  general 
government  and  their  sister  States.  Diverse  decisions  have  been  ren- 
dered by  the  highest  judicial  tribunals  of  neighboring  States  upon  State 
laws  of  like  import  aiid  purpose. 

The  su]ireme  court  of  Iowa,  in  Carlton  &  Co.  m.  Elinois  Central  Eail- 
w^ay  Company  (see  Eailway  Age  for  July  20, 1882,  p.  397),  decided  Feb- 
ruary 12,  1882,  that  ''a  railroad  company  has  the  right,  as  a  common 
carrier,  to  make  its  own  contracts  and  disregard  any  laws  of  a  State 
which  seek  to  regulate  shipments  to  parts  be^'ond  the  limits  of  the 
State,  such  laws  being  repugnant  to  the  Federal  Constitution." 

The  sui>reme  court  of  Illinois,  in  The  People  vs.  T4ie  Wabash,  Saint 
Louis  and  Pacific  Pailway  Company  (see  Bailway  Age  for  October  .5, 
1882,  p.  551),  decided  September  28,  1882,  that  "while  the  act  of  the 
Illinois  legislature  of  May  2,  1873,  to  prevent  unjust  discrimination  in 
the  rates  of  charges  of  railway  companies  may  alifect  commerce,  it  can- 
not be  said  to  be  a  law  regulating  commerce  among  the  several  States 
within  the  meaning  of  the  Federal  Constitution.*' 

Like  diversity  is  found  in  the  decisions  of  other  States,  but  the  con- 
flicting views  are  well  discussed  iu  the  cases  cited. 

If  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  should  concur  with  the 
supreme  court  of  Illinois,  then  each  State  and  all  States  would  be  at 
liberty,  in  the  absence  of  Federal  law,  to  enact  regulations  each  for 
itself,  with  absolute  certainty  of  conflict  of  laws,  and  with  uncertain 
extra  State  authority  difficult  if  not  in>possible  to  define,  and  leading 
to  vexatious  litigation,  in  which  the  pride  of  State  rights  ma^'  be  arrayed 
to  counteract  adverse  decisit)ns  with  new  legislation. 

If  they  should  concur  witli  the  supreme  court  of  Iowa,  then  it  is  a 
matter  of  exclusive  Federal  jurisdiction,  and  only  Congress  could  legis- 
late upon  the  subject  with  any  effect  bey oud  State  lines. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR,     685 

The  iK)werof  Congress  over  the  whole  subject  can  hardly  be  questioned. 

The  supreme  court  of  Illinois  concedes  it,  and  the  decisions  of  the 
Sni)reme  Court  of  the  I'nited  States  seem'to  render  it  indisputable. 

Ill  Hall  vs.  De  Cuir  (95  U.  S.  K.,488),  Chief  Justice  Waite,  in  a  full  dis- 
cussion of  the  subject,  and  citing  many  authorities,  says: 

Wf  think  it  may  Hafely  ha  said  that  the  State  lefjislation  which  sooks  to  impose  a 
•  iiit'ct  Imiden  upon  inter-State  commerce,  or  to  interfere  directlj"  with  its  freedom, 
does  encroach  npon  the  exclusive  power  of  Congress. 

Justice  Clifford,  delivering  a  concurring  opinion  (p.  491),  says: 

Power  to  regulate  comnierco  is  by  the  Constitution  rested  in  Congress ;  and  it  is 
well-settled  law  that  the  word  "  commerce,"  a.s  used  in  the  Constitution,  comprehends 
navigation,  which  extends  to  every  species  of  commercial  intercourse  between  the 
United  States  and  foreign  nations,  and  to  all  commerce  with  the  several  States,  ex- 
cept such  a-s  is  completely  internal,  and  which  does  not  extend  to  or  affect  the  other 
States.  ' 

The  universal  use  and  absolute  dependence  of  all  inter-State  commerce 
ui)on  railroads,  give  constant  rise  to  new  questions  under  new  conditions, 
which  only  experience  can  properly  solve.  It  would  seem  that  true  wis- 
<loni  would  hasten  slowly  in  dealing  with  this  great  problem,  seeking  the 
fullest  information  as  the  only  true  basis  for  wise  legislation.  The  solu- 
tion must  lie  in  the  just  apjdication  of  the  laws  of  trade  and  commerce, 
with  such  authoritative  reguhition  by  law  as  will  hohl  abuses  in  check, 
and  this  power  can  be  derived  only  from  Federal  law  of  universal  appli- 
cation. I  have  felt  it  to  be  my  duty  to  call  attention  to  this  subject, 
although  I  have  not  thought  it  appropriate  to  discuss  the  question  in 
detail. 

Any  law  not  based  upon  full  information  might  work  great  injustice 
to  the  companies  and  be  inadequate  to  the  i>roper  ])rotection  of  the 
people.  Experience  has  shown  that  uni-easonable  laws  cannot  be  en- 
forced, and  in  many  instances  luive  worked  such  great  end)arrassment 
to  transportation  as  to  become  inoperative  by  common  consent.  3Iany 
mich  laws  hastily  enacted  have  been  (juickly  reiu'aled. 

I  therefore  rcs])ectfully  recommend  that  a  commission  be  appointed 
to  take  into  consideration  the  whole  question,  and  report  to  Congress 
the  facts  necessary  Jbr  intelligent  and  efficient  action  upon  the  subject. 

UNIFOlOnXY  IX  RAILWAY  SIGNAI.S. 

The  unnecessary  and  dangerous  dissimilarity  of  railway  signals  in 
this  country  is  a  subject  for  grave  consideratitn,  atf(>cting  so  largely,  as 
it  does,  the  safety  of  life  and  property.  A  table  furnislied  this  oHiee, 
and  believed  to  be  reliabh'  (a  ('t)\)y  of  Avhich  is  .sul)iiiitt('«l  as  api)endix 
!>),  indicates  that,  with  the  <'Xception  of  the  signal  for  l)acking,  consist- 
ing of  three  short  whistles,  on  198  roads  in  this  country,  there  is  tio 
signal  inusehavijig  the  same  meaning  on  all  roads,  while  no  less  thati 
forty  different  meanings  are  conveyed  by  several  signals.  About  9(> 
percent,  of  the  roads  use  one  whistle  for  a|)|>lyingthe  brakes,  and  about 
the  same  proportion  use  two  short  whistles  for  releasing  brakes,  while 
on  others  these  sounds  have  exactly  the  ojiposite  nu'auing. 

The  signals  for  road  crossings,  sending  out  llagmen,  recalling  flag- 
men, calling  for  switchmen,  calling  attention  t<i  llag  on  engine  and  to 
railroad  crossings,  <lenoting  that  train  has  i>arted.  calling  for  fuel,  cK:c., 
ditfer  widely;  in  fact  the  code  is  based  solely  on  the  arbitrary  det<'rmi- 
nation  of  the  officers  of  each  road.  It  is  evident  that  not  only  incon- 
venience and  <lelay  may  result,  bat  that  tln^  actual  »langer  of  loss  ol' 
life  and  property  is  greatly  and  unnecessarily  increased  by  this  "vvide 


686  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 

diversity  of  signals,  and  many  accidents  have  been  directly  attributable 
to  it.  Tbe  fact  that  American  railway  men  are  nomadic  in  their  habits 
and  frequently  change  from  one  road  to  another,  is  an  additional  rea- 
son why  a  uniform  system  of  signals  should  be  enforced  by  law  if  not 
voluntarily  adopted.  During  the  inspections  of  this  year,  officers  of 
this  bureau  have  conferred  with  the  superintendents,  train  dispatchers, 
and  trainmen  of  a  number  of  roads,  and  it  was  conceded  without  dis- 
sent that  a  uniform  system  of  train  signals  should  be  enforced,  api)li- 
cablo  to  all  roads.  I  have  reason  to  believe  that  most  if  not  all  the 
railroad  companies  would  co-operate  in  securing  such  uniformity  and 
would  regard  a  law  to  that  effect  with  much  favor,  and  I  commend  the 
subject  to  favorable  consideration. 

LAWS  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES    AFFECTING    RAILROADS    AND    TELE- 
GRAPHS. 

So  frequent  reference  is  made  to  the  laws  of  the  United  States  relat- 
ing to  railroad  and  telegraph  companies,  that  I  have  deemed  it  expedi- 
ent to  reprint  the  same  and  add  subsequent  enactments,  with  some  laws 
heretofore  omitted,  to  be  included  as  a  part  of  this  report. 

A  pamphlet  is  now  in  course  of  preparation  which  Avill  contain  a  full 
list  of  all  the  railroads  aided  by  a  loan  of  credit  or  a  grant  of  public 
lands,  with  a  reference  to  all  laws,  decisions  of  the  Attorney-General, 
Court  of  Claims,  and  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  relating  to 
the  railroads  coming  within  the  jurisdiction  of  this  office.  Also,  the  ter- 
mini of  roads  aided,  name  of  comjiany  now  operating  the  same,  and  regu- 
lations as  to  rates  of  compensation  for  government  transportation.  It 
is  thought  that  such  a  condensed  compilation  will  be  of  interest  and 
convenience  to  all  the  departments" of  the  government  having  business 
relations  with  the  companies. 

TRANSPORTATION  SERVICE. 

The  matter  of  the  settlement  of  accounts  for  transportation  service 
performed  by  the  subsidized  railroad  companies  foi»the  government  has 
been  a  vexed  one,  embarrassing  alike  to  the  government  and  the  com- 
panies. 

Service  has  been  performed  by  the  several  roads  aggregating,  Decem- 
ber 31,  1S81,  the  sum  of  825,363,7()3.(>8,  as  represented  by  their  books 
and  statements  rendered  to  this  office.  Of  this  amount  $4,295,187.98 
had  been  paid  to  them  prior  to  the  act  of  1873.  There  has  been  cov- 
ered into  the  Treasury,  for  services  performed  by  the  several  companies 
to  December  31,  1881,  the  sum  of  $14,707,880.34  to  the  credit  of  the 
bond  and  interest  account,  and  $2,273,759.02  to  the  credit  of  the  sink- 
ing fund.  Assuming  the  figures  returned  b\'  the  companies  to  be  cor- 
rect, there  remain  accounts  "unacted  upon"  amounting  to  $4,026,870.34. 
Of  this  large  amount  the  several  bills  contain  items  which  are  in  dis- 
pute between  the  companies  and  different  departments  of  the  govei-n- 
ment.  ]Many  of  them  arise  from  changes  in  the  tariff'  rates  and  classi- 
fications, and  some  from  clerical  errors,  but  the  aggregate  amount  of 
all  the  disputed  items  is  very  small  as  compared  with  the  total  amount 
of  the  suspended  bills. 

The  following  statement,  ju'epared  from  data  at  the  Treasury  Depart- 
ment, shows  the  amount  in  dispute  forpassenger  and  freight  transporta- 
tion to  December  31, 1881 : 


REPORT    OF   THE    SECRETARY    OF   THE    INTERIOR. 


687 


Koad. 


Central  'Pacific 

TJnion  Pacific 

Sioux  City  &  Pacific 

Central  Bi-anch  Union  Pacific. 
Kansas  Pacific 


Total 


Errors. 


$6, 746  29 
41,  805  39 


11, 244  47 


50,  796  15 


DiBallow- 
ance. 


Deduction. 


$16,  437  19 

49,  300  74 

20  76 

22«  32 

11, 382  85 


$7,  657  33 

20,352  89 

«.'j1  88 

6t7  (19 

14,608  16 


77, 357  86 


53,117  35 


Total. 


$.W,  830  n 

120,  4.'9  i'2 

(<72  04 

873  41 

37, 235  43 


190,  272  36 


Upon  representations  made  by  this  office,  in  connection  with  the  ac- 
counting departments,  the  companies  have  recently  adopted  a  better 
and  i)ractically  uniform  system  ol"  rendering  their  accounts,  wliich  lias 
much  facilitated  settlements  and  whi(;h  ■will  jiiobably  prevent  ac(;uniu- 
lations  of  unadjusted  accounts  in  the  future.  I  am  informed  that  the 
accounting  departments  are  making  all  i)racticable  eflbrts  to  adjust  the 
deferred  accounts  as  soon  as  i>ossible.  Efforts  have  also  been  made  to 
secure  the  adoption  by  all  the  de})artments  having  occasion  for  trans- 
])ortation  u])on  the  subsidized  roads  of  a  uniform  form  of  "request  lor 
passenger  transi)ortation,"  which  it  is  believed  will  ])revent  many  incon- 
veniences to  which  the  companies  and  the  accounting  de])artiiM'nts  are 
subjected  by  reason  of  the  different  forms  now  in  use.  It  is  probable 
that  such  uniform  system  will  soon  be  adopted. 

CENTRAL  PACIFIC  RAILROAD   COMPANY. 


The  property  and  accounts  of  this  company  have  been  carefully  ex- 
amined ;  they  exhibit  a  marked  improvement  in  the  entire  plant  and  a 
decided  increase  of  business. 

The  total  length  of  roads  operated  by  the  company  on  June  30,  1882, 
was  3,030.35  miles,  of  which  1,204.5  miles  are  owned,  being  the  same  as 
iu  the  previous  year,  and  1,831.35  miles  are  leased,  being  an  increase 
of  314.1  miles.  Of  the  1,204.5  miles  owned,  land  was  granted  to  aid  in 
the  construction  of  1,012.47  miles,  of  which  800.60  miles  w^ere  subsidized 
with  bonds  in  addition  to  the  lands. 

At  the  close  of  the  year  ending  June  30, 1882,  there  were  838  bridges, 
aggregating  a  length  of  100,425  feet;  2,219  open,  box,  and  arch  cul- 
verts, aggregating  8,910  feet;  and  17  tunuels,  aggregating  8,102  feet, 
the  longest  of  which  is  1,059  feet.  There  is  a  decided  improvement  in 
the  track,  bridges,  and  buildings.  Steel  rails  are  being  laid  to  replace 
iron.  At  the  beginning  of  this  year  there  remained  only  300  miles  of 
iron  rails,  of  which  lOG  miles  have  since  been  relaid  with  steel.  The 
company  has  contracted  for  30,000  tons  of  steel  rails  this  year:  10,000 
tons  of  the  Troy  Works,  10,000  tons  of  the  Lackawanna  Iron  and  Coal 
Company,  and  10,000  tons  of  English  manufacturers.  American  steel 
rails  have  cost  the  company  this  year  an  average  of  $57  i)er  ton  deliv- 
ered on  cars  at  the  manufacturers  works.  English  rails  have  cost,  de- 
livered on  the  wharf  at  San  Francisco,  with  duties  added,  $03  per  ton. 

There  is,  in  the  main  line,  an  average  of  2,040  cross-ties  to  the  mile. 
The  road  is  a.t  present  in  excellent  condition  for  safety  and  Ijusincss. 
The  intention  is,  however,  fre(piently  expressed  to  replace  all  wooden 
bridges  and  culverts  with  iron  and  stone,  to  reduce  the  curvature  and 
grades  where  necessary, and  to  extend  and  deei)en  the  ballast  and  bring 
the  road,  as  rapidly  as  possible,  to  the  highest  standard  of  excellence. 
There  are  some  35  miles  of  snow-sheds,  including  a  1,000- feet  tunnel 
through  the  summit  of  the  Sierras  west  of  Truckee.    They  are  con- 


688  PAPERS    ACCOMPANyiNG   THE 

structcd  of  heavy  timljcrs  on  accoinit  of  the  very  great  weight  of  snow 
which  soiuetiTnes  falls,  and  to  afford  adequate  protection  against  the 
avahmches  which  soinetiiiies  rush  (k)wn  tlie  mountains  in  winter.  They 
have  cost  an  average  of  about  820,000  per  mile  and  are  very  expensive 
to  maintain.  An  admirable  system  of  signals  by  telegrai)h  and  tele- 
phone has  been  devised  for  nse  in  case  of  fire.  Three  locomotives,  with 
several  hundred  ieet  of  hese  and  fire-eugine  attachments,  are  kept  con- 
stantly fired  up,  to  each  of  which  is  attached  three  water  cars,  with  a 
capacity  of  10,000  gallons  each;  these  are  conveniently  stationed  in  the 
sheds,  ready  for  instant  vise. 

Among  tiie  noticeable  improvements  made  on  the  main  line  is  a  com- 
modious passenger  depot  at  the  Oakland  Pier,  in  the  bay  of  San  Fran- 
cisco. This  pier  is  of  rock  and  earth-work,  extending  into  the  bay  more 
than  one  and  a  quarter  miles,  and  upon  which  are  four  parallel  tracks. 
The  building  has  a  total  length  of  1,050  feet,  covering  an  area  of  four 
acres,  and  has  ten  tracks  running  through  its  entire  length.  At  the 
present  time  there  are  128  passenger  trains  running  in  and  out  daily. 
The  building  has  all  modern  imjjrovements,  and  is  so  constructed  as  to 
receive  passengers  from  the  ferry-boats  fiom  both  the  upper  and  lower 
decks  at  the  same  time,  and  is  admirably  adapted  for  handling  expe- 
ditiously an  immense  passenger  traffic. 

The  steamer  Solano,  which  is  the  largest  of  its  kind  in  the  world,  is 
used  for  transferring  passenger  and  freight  cars  and  engines  across  the 
straits  of  Carquenez,  between  Benicia  and  Port  Casta,  near  San  Fran- 
cisco. Its  dimensions  are  as  follows:  Length  over  all, 424  feet;  length 
on  bottom, 406  feet;  height  at  sides,  18  feet  o inches;  at  ends,  from  bot- 
tom of  boat,  15  feet  10  inches ;  molded  beam,  <J4  feet;  extreme  width  over 
guards,  116  feet ;  camber,  or  reverse  sheer  of  deck,  2  feet  6  inches ; 
draught,  light,  5  feet ;  loaded,  6  feet  6  inches ;  registered  tonnage, 
3,541.31  tons.  The  aprons  connecting  the  boat  with  the  slips  at  Benicia 
and  Port  Costa  are  each  100  feet  long,  with  four  tracks,  so  arranged  that 
freight  and  passenger  trains  are  run  aboard  without  uncoupling  from 
the  locomotive.  The  aprons  weigh,  each,  150  tons,  and  are  worked  by 
a  combination  of  pontoons  and  counter- weights  by  hydraulic  power. 
Forty-eight  freight  cars,  or  24  passenger  cars  and  two  engines,  can  be 
transferred  at  one  time. 

The  principal  shops  of  the  company  are  located  at  Sacramento,  and 
are  very  extensive  and  complete.  They  have  facilities  for  making  all 
that  is  required  for  repairing  and  building  all  kinds  of  rolling  stock, 
and  for  the  maintenance  of  the  track,  bridges,  and  buildings.  Car 
wheels  are  made  at  the  rate  of  40  ])er  day,  but  do  not  supply  the  de- 
mand. The  shops  are  equipped  with  the  best  machinery,  and  the  prem- 
ises are  kept  in  neat  and  tasteful  order.  Efficient  lire  apparatus  is  also 
provided. 

The  equipment  of  the  road  is  very  good,  consisting  of  236  locomo- 
tives, of  which  92  have  the  Westinghouse  air-brake  attachment;  322  pas- 
senger cars;  4,665  freight  cars;  486  hand  and  push  cars  for  track-men, 
and  187  miscellaneous  cars,  all  of  which  are  owned  by  tlie  company. 
In  addition  to  the  above  the  company  leases  177  locomotives,  of  which 
57  have  the  Westinghouse  air-brake  attachment;  141  passenger  cars ; 
3,536  freight  cars;  509  hand  and  push  cars  for  track  service,  and  5  wreck- 
ing cars.  The  increase  in  rolling  stock  during  the  fiscal  year  has  been : 
88  locomotives,  47  passenger  cars,  1,621  freight  cars,  99  hand  and  push 
cars,  and  21  miscellaneous  cars. 

During  the  year  ending  June  30,  1882,  there  were  accidents  on  the 
road  resulting  in  the  death  or  injury  of  500  persons,  classified  as  follows : 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     689 

4  passengers,  31  employes,  and  39  other  persons  were  killed  on  account 
of  their  own  careles«ness,  and  4  employes  from  causes  beyond  their 
own  control,  niakiii;;-  a  total  of  78  killed  ;  42  passen,<xers,  2-14:  employes, 
and  81  other  persons  were  injured  on  account  of  tlieir  own  careless- 
ness; 7  passenjjers,  45  employes,  and  3  other  persons  were  injured  from 
causes  beyond  their  control,  making  the  total  number  of  injured  422.  I 
desire  to  express  much  satisfaction  with  the  fidl  and  able  reports  ma4e 
to  this  office,  from  which  the  foregoing  figures  were  taken. 

The  Central  Pacific  liailroad  Comi)any  has  leased  and  operates  the 
Southern  Pacific  Kailroad  of  California  from  Huron  to  the  Colorado 
Biver,  at  Yuma,  and  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad  of  Arizona  and  Xew 
Mexico,  from  Yuma  to  El  Paso,  Tex.,  via  Deming,  X.  Mex. 

This  road  is  laid  with  50-pound  steel  rails  and  from  2,400  to  2,640 
cross-ties  per  mile.  The  new  road  from  El  Paso  to  Deming,  a  distance 
of  88  miles,  was  found  to  be  in  good  condition,  the  track  being  well 
ballasted  with  broken  limestone.  The  bridge  across  the  Eio  Grande, 
about  4  miles  west  of  El  Paso,  is  cased  with  boards  covered  with  gal- 
vanized iron.  The  road  from  Deming  to  San  Francisco  was  found  to  be 
in  good  and  imi^roved  condition.  With  the  exception  of  a  few  miles 
west  from  Deming,  where  the  country  is  well  adai)ted  to  stock-raising, 
the  road  runs  for  a  distance  of  about  GOO  miles  through  a  desolate  and 
barren  region,  in  some  portions  of  which  there  is  no  sign  whate-ser  of 
animal  or  vegetable  life. 

Crossing  the  "  okl  ocean  bed,"  from  Flowing  Wells  to  Indio,  for  60 
miles,  in  the  midst  of  the  Colorado  desert,  the  track  is  at  some  places 
266  feet  below  the  level  of  the  sea.  The  great,  and,  up  to  the  present  time, 
unsatisfied  want  of  this  part  of  the  country  is  water.  Artesian  wells 
have  been  sunk  hundreds  of  feet  in  many  places  without  satisfactory* 
results.  At  one  place,  between  San  Simon  and  Tucson,  the  company 
carries  water  in  tanks  on  flat  cars  a  distance  of  125  miles,  for  use  on 
engines. 

The  buildings  along  the  line  through  Kcw  Mexico  and  Arizona  are 
constructed  with  special  reference  to  the  comfort  and  health  of  the 
employes,  who  arc  necessarily  exposed  to  the  extreme  heat  and  long 
droughts  common  to  that  section  of  the  country.  All  buildings  tor  oc- 
cupancy are  constructed  with  a  double  roof,  with  a  space  of  about  two 
feet  intervening,  admitting  a  free  circulation  of  air  and  renth-iing  the 
building  several  degrees  cooler  than  it  would  otherwise  be. 

One  spe("ially  interesting  feature  noticed  in  New  Mexico  and  Arizona 
was  the  "bunk-houses,"  wliieli  Innl  been  built  for  the  comfort  and  con 
venience  of  tlie  employes  of  the  company,  and  each  of  which  is  in- 
tended to  accommodate  about  50  men.  They  are,  like  the  majority  of 
the  buildings  on  this  line,  double-roofed,  spaeious.and  airy,  usually  built 
in  the  form  of  three  sides  of  a  square,  with  a  pleasant  inner  court 
planted  with  trees  and  flowers,  and  generally  ornamented  by  a  refresh- 
ing fountain  in  the  center.  The  doors  and  windows  open  ojjposite  each 
other,  giving  a  free  and  nninterrupt(>d  circulation  of  air.  Sotnc  of  the 
bouses  have  a  library,  billiard  table,  and  bath-room.  ICngineers  and 
firemen  are  the  i)rincii)al  occupants,  although  all  trainmen  are  at  liberty 
to  use  the  rooms  free  of  charge.  Sneh  sjiecial  and  nniisiial  provision 
for  the  health  ami  eond'ort  of  the  emi»loyt''s  is  found  to  be  necessary  to 
secure  the  permanent  adherence  of  valuable  emi)l()yes  in  a  climate  so 
enervating  and  a  count rv  so  desolate. 

Passing  west  from  ^■^ma  on  the  California  ]iortion  of  the  road,  there 
is  no  water-station  until  arriving  at  Walters,  iui>  miles  from  Yuma.     At 
this  point  some  irrigation  is  being  done,  and  from  there  northwaixl  the 
44  Ab 


690 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 


couutry  presents  a  decided  and  pleasing  improvement.  At  Newhall, 
453  miles  south  of  San  Francisco,  oil  wells  have  been  developed  which 
produce  oil  ('laini«;d  to  be  etjual  \m  quality  to  that  of  the  Pennsylvania 
wells.  From  five  to  fifteen  cars  are  daily  shipped.  Tliis  discovery  is 
fortunate  and  is  likely  to  be  of  great  value  to  the  com])any. 

The  road  from  Tehachipa  Summit  to  Caliente,  a  distance  of  23  miles, 
has  a  descent  of  ii,700  feet,  or  about  116  feet  to  the  mile,  with  curves 
of  about  ten  degrees.  The  engineering  difficulties  were  of  great  mag- 
nitude. Within  this  distance  the  roadi)asscs  through  seventeen  tunnels, 
one  of  which  is  directly  underits  own  track,  thusforming  what  is  known 
as  tlie  "  loop."  Froni  one  point  the  road  can  be  seen  in  eight  diiferent 
places.  The  track  has  been  well  constructed  as  to  grades,  curvatures, 
and  materials  used.  It  is  carefully  watched  and  well  maintained.  A 
special  engine  was  constructed  in  the  works  at  Sacramento,  Avith  par- 
ticidar  reference  to  the  necessities  of  this  difficult  section.  It  is  said  to 
be  the  largest  engine  in  the  country.  It  is  twelve-wheeled  (eight  driving 
and  four  tru(;k),  and  weighs,  in  working  order,  123,000  pounds,  or  01^ 
tons.  The  tender,  in  working  order,  weighs  03,000  i)ouuds,  or  31 J  tons, 
aggregating  the  enormous  weight  of  93  tons.  It  will  haul  up,  over  this 
section,  fourteen  loaded  cars  of  20  tons  each. 

The  following  statements  have  been  carefully  prepared  from  the  books 
and  accounts  of  this  company  and  from  reports  rendered  to  this  office: 

Staieuient  showing  the  earnings  and  expenses  of  the  Central  Pacific  Eailroad  Company  for 
the  fiscal  years  ending  June  30,  1881  and  1882. 


Tear    ending 
June  30, 1882. 


Year    ending 
June  30, 1881. 


Difference. 


Increase  or 
decrease. 


Amount. 


Per 

cent. 


EARNINGS. 

Passenger 

Freight 

Mail 

Express 

Miscellaueoiis 

Total 

EXl'ENSES. 

Conducting  transportation  .. 

Main  ten  ance  of  w  ay 

Motive  power 

Maintenance  of  cars 

General  expenses 

Tola! 

I\>t  earnings 

Average  miles  operated 

Gross  earnings  per  mile 

Operating  expenses  -per  mile 

Net  earnings  per  mile 


$7,151,283  71 

16,  563,  043  85 

450,  018  17 

334, 480  72 

861,  310  66 


$6, 188,  388  56 

15,  216,  554  65 

463,  861  27 

289.  506  17 

735,  033  92 


Increase . 
Increase . 
Decrease. 
Increase . 
Increase . 


$962,  895  15 

1,  346, 489  20 

13,843  10 

44,  974  55 

126,  285  74 


25,  360, 146  11 


22, 893, 344  57 


Increase . . 


2, 466, 801  54 


2,  681,  968  37 
2,  755,  593  17 
4,067,376  10 
800,  669  24 
5,  676,  804  86 


2,  351,  468  68 
2,  226,  568  95 
3, 133,  352  21 
668,  307  89 
5, 122,  806  75 


Increase . 
Increase . 
Increase . 
Increase . 
Increase  . 


330, 499  69 
529, 024  22 
934,  023  89 
192,  361  35 
553, 998  11 


16,  042, 411  74 


13, 502,  504  48     Increase 


9,  317,  734  37         9, 390,  840  09 


2,  806.  66 


2,  614.  29 


8,  846  58 
5,  596  20 


,  539, 907  26 


Decrease..         73,105  72 


Increase  . . 


252.  37 


8,  7.57  00     Increase  . 
5, 164  88     Increase  . 


89  58 
431  32 


3, 250  38 


3,^92  12  I  Decrease. . 


341  74 


15.56 

8.85 

.30 

1.55 

17.18 


10.77 


14.07 
23.76 
29.80 
2a  78 
10.81 


18.81 


.78 


.10 
8.35 


9.51 


It  will  be  observed  that  while  the  earnings  of  the  road  have  increased 
nearly  two  and  one-half  millions,  the  expenses  have  increased  a  little 
over  that  amount,  showing  a  slight  decrease  for  the  year  in  the  net 
earnings.    A  large  portion  of  this  increase  in  expenses  is  due  to  the 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.      691 

improvement  of  the  track,  bridges,  and  buildings,  and  to  the  substitu- 
tion of  steel  rails  for  iron,  all  of  which  has  been  charged  to  operating 
expenses.  There  is  a  decided  increase  also  in  the  expense  of  motive 
power  and  in  the  niaintcnaiicc  of  cars.  Although  operating  over  3,000 
miles  of  road,  the  conijiany  has  thus  far  been  unsuccessful  in  discovering 
coal  at  or  near  any  point  on  the  line.  Coal  is  i)rocured  from  the  Union 
Pacific  Kailroad,  from  Pennsylvania,  and  from  Australia,  at  prices 
ranging  from  $7.15  to  $13  per  ton.  AVithin  the  i>ast  year  coal  mines 
have  been  purch^iscd  and  opened  in  Washington  Territory,  from  which 
coal  is  shipped  at  Tacoma  in  vessels  for  (lelivery  at  San  Francisco, 
Sacramento,  and  other  points  accessible  by  sea.  It  is  expected  that  the 
cost  of  fuel  will  be  thereby  greatly  reduced.  The  "perforuuince  sheets" 
returiu'd  to  this  ollicci  show  that  the  cost  i)er  mile  run  of  locomotives 
on  some  divisions  is  thirty  cents,  of  which  twenty-live  cents  is  for  fuel 
alone. 

Statement  of  the  revenue  and  expenditnres  nf  the  entire  line  of  the  Ciulral  Pacific  Haitroad 
Company  for  the  year  endiiiff  J lccenil)er '.\l ,  l'^81,  ascertained  from  the  general  books  of 
the  conq)any  in  San  Francisco  bjj  the  hook-keeper  of  this  bureau. 

Earnings: 

Passenger $i;,filh»,82«  37 

Freight If),  h4'2,  i:?9  01 

Mail 4.V.>,ir.s  23 

Express :Uh,0-_>1  22 

MisccUaueous 7SJ,  'JJ4  12 

Gross  earnings $24,  ()94,  IDO  95 

Profits  on  miscellaueous  investments G12,  ().")(5  40 

Total  receipts 24,706,757  35 

Exjienses: 

Condnciiug  transportation $2,  4',>7,522  77 

Maintenance  i>f  way 2, 543, 01 1  80 

Motive  power 3,  !;">;"»,  H)r<  06 

Maintenance  of  cars <><">t),  ItU)  05 

General  expenses H15, 1'.U  06 

Total  operating  expenses '.',  0T-<,  451  54 

Rentals 3,  ^-td,  Km  43 

Total  operating  expenses  adid  rentals i:!,KV.>.  306  {Yt 

Discount  and  interest 210,124  08 

Interest  on  first-mortgage  lioiids l.<w  l,f>or»  00 

Interest  on  otit.-r  <lclif ,  liiiMlfil   l,C.(Ht,<tll  58 

ExpcJises  of  land  department :<",  '^2t»  ;W 

New  construction 331 ,  Ht;  |  46 

New  eqnipmisnfc 18,762  14 

Surveys 16,  iH)7  71 

Loss,  operating  steamer  division 1,70'2  (UJ 

United  States  requirement  for  sinking  fund  for  I'f'^l I,  Oll*^,  0:".5  24 

Dividends  declared  on  capital  stock 3,  r)r)G, 530  00 

Total 22,345,6<'.7  09 

Surplus  on  operations  for  the  year 2, 361,(K»t1  26 

Or,  deducting  the  company  sinking  fund  nquireinent  for  the  year  per 

their  hooks '. .        94^,^45  00 

Leaves  surplus  of 1,412, 245  26 

A  comi)anson  of  tiic  above  restilts  with  those  of  previous  years  shows 
that  thelinancial  cuiulition  of  the  company  has  been  much  improved. 


692  PAPEKS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

Ou  June  30, 1882,  the  total  assets  and  liabilities  of  the  companj^  were 
as  follows : 

LIABILITIES. 

Fmuloddebt §54,206.000  00 

Intcrost  on  same,  accrued  but  not  due I,:i52,f..)5  00 

United  Stii tea  subsidy  bonds '^7,  SHo,  6^0  00 

Interest  on  same,  accrued  but  not  due 2'3, 449, 463  41 

Floating  debt : 

Bills  payable ,$4,215,045  ns 

Accounts  payable • 5,394,727  76 

Interest  and  dividends  unpaid 23, 715  00 

9,633,988  14 

Total  debt 116,497,786  .55 

Capital  stock .59,275,500  00 

Totalstock  anddel)t 175,773,286  55 

ASSETS. 

Costof  road 137,763,1.53  69 

Cost  of  equipment 8,224,145  38 

Real  estate,  sliops,  &c 2,687,362  69 

Cash, 2,  .5.52, 644  64 

Fuel,  material,  and  stores  on  hand 3,6.50,695  41 

Stocks  and  bonds  owned ~^"'*''^.l^  ''^ 

Miscellaneous  investments 1 ,  576,  ('64  93 

United  States  sinking  funds  and  transportation  account 7, 170, 128  38 

Bills  and  accounts  receivable 4, 161,737  72 

Land  sales,  cash  and  notes 1,471,802  82 

Company's  sinking  funds 4,947,909  17 

174,451,661  53 
Balance, deficit 1,321,625  02 

The  company  has  estimated  the  value  of  lands  not  sold  to  amount  to 
$26,700,000,  exclusive  of  lauds  in  San  Francisco,  and  water  front  in 
Sacramento  and  Oakland,  estimated  at  $7,750,000,  neither  of  which 
items  are  included  in  the  foregoing  statement  of  assets. 

Under  the  act  of  May  7,  1878,  the  book-keeper  of  this  office  checked 
the  books  and  accounts  of  the  company  in  San  Francisco,  with  a  view 
to  the  ascertainment  of  "25  ])er  cent,  of  the  net  earnings"  for  the  year 
ending  December  3 1,  J  881.  Twenty-live  per  cent,  of  the  net  earnings  of 
the  subsidized  portion  of  the  road  was  fonnd  to  amount  to  $1,038,395.24. 
The  transportation  for  the  government  during  the  year  amounts  to 
$959,785.33,  leaving  a  balance  due  the  United  States  of  879,149.91. 

Statement  was  rendered,  and  payment  demanded  October  20,  1882. 
A  check  for  the  amount  was  sent  to  the  Treasurer  of  the  United  States 
by  the  vice-president  of  the  company  October  23,  1882.  The  company 
has  therefore  paid  to  the  government  all  of  its  accrued  indebtedness  to 
date. 

The  following  is  a  statement  of  the  settlement  for  1881: 

Statement  sliowing  the  earnings  and  expenses  of  the  sulskVized portion  (860.66  vuJes)  of  the 
Central  Fadfic  Railroad  Company  from  January  1,  1881,  to  Decembtr  31, 1881,  both  days 
inclusive,  as  ascertained  from,  their  general  books  in  San  Francisco. 

EARNINGS. 

United  States : 

PHSseuger $80,007  18 

Freight 56,171  70 

Mail. 296,489  55 

$432,668  43 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     G93 

Coiuinercial : 

Passeuger >iaJ,532,  riir>  '2't 

Freight 0. 543, 050  21 

Express 111,4j?(;  14 

S'J,  167, 051  r.o 

Car  service " ' 4,27i>  7(5 

Rent  of  buildiugs 1'^,  52S  05 

Miscellaneous 414,253  04 

Wells,   Fargo  &,  Co.  stock  on  all  divisions  (SUiajG-oC'lO)  subsidy  pro- 
portion  1 214,772  83 

Total  earnings 10,271,563  71 

KXPFXSKS. 

Conducting  transportation !i<715, 076  19 

Maintenance  of  way —  1,  i;51»,  430  83 

Motive  power 1,527, 77'J  63 

Maintenance  of  cars 270,  721  21 

General  expenses  and  taxes 782, 119  88 

Total  operating  expenses 4,444,127  74 

Interest  paid  on  first-mortgage  bonds  having  priority  of  lien 
over  the  United  States  bonds 1,671,695  00 

Total 0,115,622  74 

Net  earnings  so  ascertained .• 4, 155,740  97 

"Twenty-five per  cent." LU3d,935  24 

Deduct : 

Transportation  on  aided  lines 432,  GG8  43 

Transportation  on  non-aided  lines •')27, 116  90 

'i'otal  transportatiou  witMield  for  1881 959, 785  33 

Remainder — additional  payment  required  by  law 79, 149  91 

ATPLI  CATION. 

One-half  of  transportation  on  subsidized  line .§216,334  21 

Five  per  cent,  of  net  earnings 207,787  05 

Total  to  credit  of  bond  and  interest  account .S424, 121  26 

One-half  of  trans])(irhitioiion  snlisidizcd  line 216,334  22 

Cash  or  additional  payment  required  under  section  4,  act  of 
May  7,  1878 398,479  70 

Total  for  sinking-fund  account 014,813  98 

l,03S,y35  24 

The  land  grant  to  tliis  company  is  estimated  at  12,822,400  acres,  of 
wliich  2,505,584.45  acros  had  Ixumi  i)atentod  to  June  .'>(),  1882. 

Tlie  company  has  sold  1,031, 10'J.21  acres  for  $5,017,023.88,  or  an  aver- 
age of  85.74  ])or  aero. 

Tlie  Southern  Pacific  C/OniiKiny,  so  closely  identified  with  the  Central 
Pacific  system,  is  now  building,  under  the  nauie  of  the  Galveston,  Har- 
ri.sburg  and  San  Antonio  Railroad,  a  new  lino  from  El  Paso  via  Sierra 
Blauca,  Texas,  to  San  Antonio,  thence  via  the  Galveston,  Ilarrisburg 
and  San  Antonio  road  to  Houston  and  Galveston,  Tex.,  c-oniiocting 
at  Houston  with  the  Texas  and  New  Orleans  and  Morgan's  Louisiana 
and  Texas  Railway  for  New  Orleans.  This  will  nuike  a  diroel  route 
from  San  Francisco  to  New  Orleans,  a  distance,  as  at  present  computed, 
of  2,493  miles. 

This  4oad  will  open  to  California  and  the  Southern  Ten-itories  an  oat- 


694  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

let  of  great  value.  It  is  estimated  that  during  the  year  1881  the  export 
crop  of  wheat  and  flour  from  California  amounted  to  1,104,501  tons,  on 
which  there  was  paid  for  transportation  to  Euroi>ean  ports,  exclusive 
of  interest  and  insurance,  G7s.  (kl.  pur  ton,  amounting  to  o,519,909 
pounds  sterling,  or  $17,111,757.  Of  this  large  amount  73  i)er  cent.,  or 
$2,500,000,  was  paid  to  vessels  flying  foreign  flags,  so  tliat  all  this  money 
"was  absolutely  taken  out  of  the  country. 

It  is  expected  to  handle  the  grain  traflic  in  bulk  with  elevators  and 
close  cars,  superseding,  to  a  great  extent,  the  use  of  sacks,  now  so  gen- 
erally used,  and  saving  to  the  farmers  a  due  pro])ortion  of  their  cost, 
estimated  at  $1,500,000  per  year. 

If  the  expectations  of  the  company  are  realized,  it  is  believed  that  a 
line  of  steamers  can  be  supported  between  New  Orleans  and  European 
ports,  and  which,  on  return  voyages,  will  bring  a  large  immigration  for 
the  Pacific  coast,  which  has  not  heretofore  received  any  considerable 
part  of  that  valuable  population.  The  great  inducement  of  cheap  and 
productive  lauds  east  of  the  mountains,  the  sterile  plains  which  lie 
beyond,  and  the  great  distance  and  expense  of  reaching  the  Pacific  slope 
by  existing  lines  will  continue  for  many  years  to  deprive  that  coast  of 
the  advantages  it  would  otherwise  derive  from  general  immigration. 
A  line  which  will  render  easily  and  cheaply  accessible  the  rich  and 
unoccupied  lands  and  vast  mineral  resources  of  California  and  the 
Southern  Territories  will  be  of  national  importance. 

UKION  PACIPIC  RAILWAY  COMPANY. 

This  company,  which  is  the  successor  by  consolidation  January  20, 
1880,  of  the  Union  Pacific  Eailroad  Company,  the  Kansas  Pacific  Eail- 
way  Company,  and  the  Denver  Pacific  Eailway  and  Telegrai)li  Company, 
has  operated  the  same  number  of  owned  miles  of  road  daring  the  past 
year  as  in  the  year  previous. 

A  thorough  investigation  and  examination  of  the  property  and  ac- 
counts of  this  comjiany  has  been  made  and  the  result  shows  marked 
improvement  in  the  condition  of  the  property  and  increase  in  business. 

The  main  line  from  Omaha  to  Ogden  is  entirely  laid  with  50,  58,  and 
60  pound  steel  rails.  The  track  is  largely  ballasted  with  gravel  and 
disintegrated  granite  and  is  in  good  smooth  condition.  The  company 
reports  1,818.8  miles  of  road  all  owned  by  it,  in  addition  to  which  there 
were  operated  in  the  interest  of  the  company  2,449.1  miles,  of  which 
349.4  miles  were  opened  during  the  year. 

The  Union  Pacific  was  chartered  on  the  1st  of  July,  1802,  by  act  of 
Congress  which  granted  the  right  of  way  over  the  public  domain,  and 
12,800  acres  of  the  public  lands  per  mile  of  road,  and  a  subsidy  in  gov- 
ernment bonds  at  the  rate  of  $10,000,  $32,000,  and  $48,000  per  mile  of 
line,  the  object  being  to  apportion  the  subsidy  to  the  cost  of  the  several 
sections.  The  amount  of  the  subsidy  for  1,033  miles  was  $27,220,512, 
the  accrued  interest  on  the  same  to  June  30,  1882,  was  $23,323,059.69, 
making  the  total  debt  $50,550,171.09  which  matures  in  1895,-'96,-'97, 
and  -'98. 

.  The  amount  of  bonds  to  the  Kansas  Pacific  (now  the  Kansas  division 
of  the  Union  Pacific  Eailway  Company)  was  $10,000  per  mile  for  394 
miles  west  from  the  Missouri  Eiver,  the  total  amount  of  bonds  issued 
being  $0,303,000,  which  with  the  accrued,  but  not  due,  interest  of 
$5,751,153.09  amounted  June  30,  1882,  to  $12,054,153.09.  The  total 
debt  of  the  Union  Pacific  Eailway  Companv  to  the  United  States  on 
June  30,  1882,  was  therefore  $62,004,324.78/ 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.      695 

The  total  acres  of  land  patented  to  the  company  to  June  30, 1S82,  is 
3,420,013.75.  Their  total  sales  were  4,317,959.55  acres,  which  anjounted 
to  $10,312,441.88. 

The  total  ^rant  of  land  to  this  company,  as  at  present  consolidated, 
is  estimated  at  10,100,000  acres.  At  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year  endin;; 
June  30,  1882,  the  company  owned  rolling  stock,  as  follows:  341  loco- 
motives, of  which  75  were  e«jnipi)ed  with  the  Westinf;^house  air  brake; 
278  i)assenoer  and  7,305  lVei<iht  cars  and  113  miscellaneous  cars,  bein;^ 
an  increase  during  tlie  year  of  2  locomotives,  27  i)assenger,  l,8fj3  freight, 
and  12  miscellaneous  cars,  at  a  cost  of  85<34,018.4G. 

During  the  year  passenger  trains  ran  2,207,001  miles,  carrying  003,523 
passengers  a  distance  equal  to  one  passenger  for  159,181,001  miles,  or  an 
average  of  177  miles  for  each  passenger.  Freight  trains  ran  5,850,133 
miles,  carrying  2,216,084  tons  a  distance  equal  to  738,721,507  miles  for 
one  ton,  or  an  average  of  333  miles  for  eacli  ton. 

Among  the  noticeable  imin-ovements  on  the  niain  line  of  this  road 
are  the  rolling  mills  at  Laramie.  They  have  eight  furnaces,  with  ca- 
pacity for  rerolling  seventy  tons  of  rail  per  day  and  fifteen  tons  of  bar 
iron.  They  employ  about  230  men.  The  buildings  are  of  stone  and 
the  machinery  and  engines  noticeably  strong  and  well  adapted  to  their 
W(nk.  Apparatus  for  si)eedy  extinguishment  of  fires  are  ke])t  in  con- 
venient position  and  are  (piickly  available.  During  the  year  1881  these 
mills  turned  out  10,480.5  tons  of  58  i)ound  and  120.5  tons  of  50-pound 
iron  rerolled  rails;  l,330,<i22  pounds  of  bar  iron;  24,733  pounds  of  nuts; 
059,200  pounds  of  bolts;  051,155  poundsof  spikes,  and  3,44S,038  pounds 
of  splices.  The  necessity  for  building  these  mills  was  early  appreciated 
and  its  accomplishment  is  highly  creditable  and  economical  to  the  (com- 
pany. 

The  town  of  Laramie  contains  some 3,000  inhabitants.  The  buildings 
are  inincipally  of  stone  and  brick,  and  substantial.  Tlie  company  con- 
templates the  development  of  soda  mines  a  few  miles  from  this  ]>lace. 
A  block  of  nearly  pure  soda,  weighing  7,500  i)ounds,  has  been  taken  out. 
Judiciously  worked,  this  sliould  be  a  souice  of  i)rofit. 

The  shoi)s  and  machinery  at  Onmha,  which  were  of  great  magnitude, 
as  noted  in  the  report  of  last  year,  have  been  extende<l.  The  ])rincipal 
buildings  erected  there  during  the  year  were  five  wooden  car  sliops, 
each  390  feet  long,  all  ])arall<'l  with  each  other;  the  two  outside  are  two 
stories  high  and  40  leet  wide;  the  other  three  are  oidy  one  story  high 
and  oO  feet  wide.  The  boiler-house  is  of  brick,  fire-j»roof,  40  by  50  feet. 
The  machinery  is  nearly  all  new  and  of  the  most  improved  kind.  The 
comi)any  has  its  own  water-works,  from  which  a  lull  supjdy  is  furnished. 
Provision  for  fire  is  ;iiiii»le  and  elVtctive.  The  foundry  has  ci^jai-ity  for 
tuining  out  sixty  new  wheels  ])er  day.  An  admirable  and  cheap 
arrangement  fi)r  heating  the  ear  shojis  by  steam  has  been  perfecteil, 
which,  in  view  of  the  great  amount  of  combustible  nniterial  used,  is  a 
wise  ])recaution. 

Another  inij)ortant  a<ldilion  within  the  year  to  the  property  of  the 
company  is  an  iinnu-nse  elevatorat  Council  lilnlls,  Iowa,  the  cai)acityof 
which  is  one  million  \\w  hundred  thousand  buslu'ls.  The  building  is 
handsome  and  substantial,  and  is  eonstru<M«'d  on  the  most  api)roved 
])lan  ;  it  has  the:  best  modern  inqtroved  nnirhinory,  and  is  well  ailaptetl 
for  the  careful,  rajjid,  and  eeoiu)mical  receiving,  storing,  and  delivt-ry  of 
grain.  The  large  and  rapid  increase  in  grain  protlucts  along  the  lino 
of  the  road  has  demanded  tin;  construction  of  a  building  capabh'  ol' 
haiuUiugit,  and  it  is  thought  that  the  facilities  alVonled  by  this  elevator 
are  ami)ie,  and  that  the  outlay  will  prove  to  have  been  judicious. 


G96  J'APERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

Coiisideial)!e  additions  to  side  tracks  have  heeii  made  at  various  i>oint3 
aloug  the  line,  notably  at  Omaha  and  Council  Bluirs,  where  nearly  six 
miles  of  sidinijs  have  been  i)nt  in.  382,007  pine,  cedar,  and  oak  ties  have 
been  laid  dnrino-  the  year,  also,  16,330  tons  of  new  60-pound  steel  rails. 
Improved  bridges  arc  being  constructed;  two  of  iron,  four  spans  each, 
have  been  coni])leted  during  the  year  and  seven  others  ai-e  in  course  of 
construction.  In  addition  to  these,  one  Howe  truss,  six  beam  trusses 
and  twenty-six  pile  bridges  have  been  built  along  the  line. 

A  very  good  work  luis  been  accomi)lished  in  the  reduction  of  the  heavy 
grade  at  ElkhornHill,  from  71).L>  feet  to  a  maxinuim  grade  of  21  feet  per 
mile.  In  accomplishing  this,  150,000  cubic  yards  of  earth  were  removed. 
Quite  a  number  of  pump-houses,  wells,  and  tanks  have  also  been  built 
along  the  line. 

Considerable  difficulty  has  been  experienced  in  obtaining  good  water 
along  the  line  running  through  T\'yoming  Ten-itory.  Artesian  wells 
have  been  sunk  in  several  places  to  great  de})th,  at  Salt  Spriugs,  2,300 
fe<it  and  at  Rock  Springs  1,500  feet,  without  finding  Avater. 

By  invitation  of  the  officers  of  the  road,  inspection  of  the  tra^k, 
bridges,  and  buildings  of  the  Colorado  Central,  narrow  gauge,  from 
Denver  to  Georgetown,  was  made.  The  track  winds  upwards  through 
Clear  Creek  Caiion,  a  distance  of  51  miles,  to  Georgetown,  attaining  at 
that  place  an  elevation  of  3,500  feet  above  Denver.  The  track  is  in  ex- 
cellent condition,  winding  through  mountains  of  rock,  which  afford 
abundance  of  stone  for  ballast.  The  maximum  curvature  is  30  degrees 
and  the  maximum  grade  210  feet. 

The  road  runs  into  a  rich  mining  district,  the  ores  and  supplies  for 
which  make  it  an  important  factor  in  the  Union  Pacific  system. 

The  Denver  and  South  Park  Division  was  also  gone  over  in  company 
with  several  officers  of  the  road.  The  track  from  Denver  to  South 
Platte  station,  13  miles,  is  used  jointly  by  this  and  the  Denver  and  Eio 
Grande  companies.  From  Denver  to  Como,  88  miles;  thence  to  Breck- 
enridge,  21  miles  and  back;  thence  to  Garo's,  19  miles  and  back,  to 
Buena  Vista,  to  Leadville  and  Pitkin,  down  the  Gunnison  Yallej",  was 
seen  on  every  hand  a  grand  succession  of  magnificent  scenery. 

The  road-bed  is  constructed  admirably.  Ties  are  number  one  and  of 
uniform  length.  About  one-half  the  road  is  laid  with  steel.  In  rail 
replacement,  40-pound  steel  rail  is  being  used,  which,  for  a  3-foot  nar- 
row-gauge track,  is  much  above  the  average.  An  abundance  of  rock 
ballast  is  used;  the  maximum  grade  is  211  feet;  curvature  24P,  which 
latter  has  been  reduced  from  32°. 

The  buildings  are  amply  sufficient  for  ]iresent  demands,  and  the  roll- 
ing stock  is  good.  The  road  penetrates  au  exceedingly  rich  mining 
district,  affording  large  and  increasing  freightage.  Near  Como  three 
mines  of  excellent  bituminous  coal  are  being  developed,  one  of  which 
yields  a  coal  well  suited  for  coke. 

A  noteworthy  feature  on  this  line,  between  Buena  Vista  and  Pitkin, 
is  the  summit  tunnel,  1,800  feet  in  length,  which  pierces  the  Eocky 
Mountains  11,524  feet  above  sea  level;  in  the  center  is  a  spring  whose 
waters  there  divide,  paTt  running  to  the  Atlantic  and  part  to  the  Pacific 
Ocean.  The  whole  road  is  full  of  interest,  not  only  affording  scenery 
of  the  most  varied  character,  much  of  it  of  quiet  pastoral  beauty,  but 
in  places  the  most  abrupt  and  rugged  of  any  in  the  mountains,  acces- 
sible by  rail.  The  rapid  development  of  the  Pitkin  district  bids  fair 
to  render  it  a  most  valuable  contributor  to  the  revenues  of  the  Union 
Pacific  system. 

The  Oregon  Short  Line  Eail way  Company,  a  corporation  duly  creates! 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     697 

and  organized  under  the  laws  of  tLe  Territories  of  Wyoming  and  Idaho 
and  of  the  State  of  Oregon,  are  couslructing.  with  the  assistance  of  the 
Union  Pacific  liailway  Company,  a  road  which  Mill  extend  from  Granger 
(a  point  on  the  main  line  of  the  latter  road)  \o  Baker  City,  in  Oregon, 
at  which  place  it  will  connect  with  the  lines  of  the  Oregon  Railway  and 
Navigation  Company,  and  ''thence  to  such  point  or  points  on  the  Col- 
umbia River  or  the  Pacitic  Ocean  as  the  company  may  select.''  •  * 
This  new  line,  in  addition  to  that  of  the  Utah  and  Northern  Railway, 
will  form  an  im])ortant  link  in  the  Union  Pacific  system  of  roads  and 
will  aid  materially  in  the  development  of  that  entire  section  of  country. 

From  the  latest  information  obtainable,  the  track  has  been  laid  from 
Granger  to  Port  Neuf,  from  which  point  it  runs  over  the  line  of  the 
Utah  and  Northern  Railway  to  Pocatello,  tlieuce  to  the  Snake  River, 
followingdown  the  valley,  past  American  Falls,  fora  distance  of  ICmiles, 
to  the  present  terminus,  or  a  total  distance  from  Granger  of  about  257 
miles.     No  work  has  been  done  on  the  western  divi.sion. 

The  Utah  and  Northern  Railway  Company  was  organized  April  30, 
1878,  and  is  the  succes.sor  of  the  Utah  Northern  Railroad,  whicli  was 
sold  under  foreclosure  March  28,  1878.  The  gauge  of  the  road  is  3  feet, 
and  at  present  extends  from  Ogden,  Utah,  to  Butte  City,  Montana,  a 
distance  of  415.54  miles.  The  main  line  has  been  extended  from  Silver 
Bow  Junction  to  Deer  Lodge  City,  2G  miles,  the  ultimate  object  being 
to  reach  Missoula. 

This  road  is  operated  by  the  Union  Pacific  Railway  Company,  which 
owns  nearlj'  the  entire  stock,  and,  as  it  passes  through  a  rich  mining 
country,  is  expect^id  to  be  a  source  of  considerable  revenue  in  the  near 
future. 

KANSAS  DIVISION'. 

This  portion  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railway  was  thoroughly  inspected, 
accompanied  bj'  the  general  and  division  sui)enntendents.  The  lines 
examined  were  the  main  line,  C39  miles  from  Denver  to  Kansas  City, 
and  the  McPherson  branch,  30  miles  south  from  Salina,  Kans. 

This  division  is  about  one-half  iron  and  the  otlierlialf  steel  rails;  the 
intention  being  to  replace  all  iron  with  steel  as  rai)i(lly  as  i)racticable. 

Some  of  the  older  steel  rails  in  the  track  are  below  00  pounds  to  the 
y.ard,  but  all  new  steel  railsnow  beingput  in  are  of  that  weight.  Stand- 
ard frost-jn-oof  water  tanks  of  54,000  gallon  capacity  are  being  used. 
The  stationary  i)umping  engines  are  generally  i)rotected  l\v  substan- 
tial stone  buildings.  In  some  places  wells  have  been  dug  100  feet  deep 
and  20  feet  in  diameter,  with  a  winding  stairway  to  the  bottom  sup- 
l)orted  on  iron  frames.     The  water  generally  is  good.. 

The  SOlth  mile  i)Ost,  which  marks  the  western  terminus  of  the  bonded 
portion  of  the  road,  is  well  located,  but  should  be  permanently  markotl 
by  some  substantial  monument. 

Abont  225  of  tlie  .'i04  miles  of  track,  aided  by  bonds  of  the  government, 
are  laid  with  steel,  and  this  i)art  is  receiving  its  due  proportion  of  the 
expenditures  for  imi)rovements.  •  The  roa4l  generally  runs  through  a  fine 
agricultural  country. 

Good  and  judicious  imiu'ovements  have  been  made  as  to  engine-hou.ses, 
machine-shops,  and  iron  turntables.  The  round-house,  yards,  and 
tracks  at  Denver  have  been  very  much  eidarged  and  improved.  The 
main  shops,  which  are  located  at  Armstrong,  just  outside  of  Kansas 
City,  are  very  complete.  A  fire  dei)artment,  well  organiz*'d  from  the 
employes  of  tlie  eomi»any,  witli  etlicient  ajjparatus  and  full  sujiply  of 
water,  affords  all  possible  protection  against  fire. 


698 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


On  June  30,  1882,  the  total  assets  and  liabilities  of  the  Union  Pacific 
Railway  company  were  as  tV)llows : 

LIAIWLITIKS. 

Funded  debt !58-2,  555,  053  75 

Interefit  on  Siiiiio,  accrnod  but  not  duo 2,  ()4<J,  (iOO  74 

United  States  subsidy  bonds '.)'■'>,  539,  512  00 

Interest  on  same,  accrued  but  not  due 29, 074,  bl<J  7K 

Dividends  unpaid 1, 123,371  14 

Floating  debt : 

Bills  payable $3,879,707  fil 

Pay-rolls  and  vouchers 2,239,  ?<ij<)  99 

Accounts  payable 4,035,  317  '27 

10,754,891  87 

Total  debt 159,097,242  28 

Capital  stock (50,808,500  00 

Total  stock  and  debt 219,905,742  28 

ASSETS, 

Cost  of  road  and  equipment 157,092,a58  40 

Cash 1,570,029  10 

Fuel,  material,  and  stores  on  hand 3,903,345  92 

Company's  stocks  and  bonds 2, 250, 940  02 

Other  stocks  and  bonds 30,305,347  64 

Land  contracts  and  cash 0,448,827  92 

Sinking  funds 707,  058  85 

Miscellaneous  investments 151,  621  70 

Interest  repaid  the  United  States  by  transportation  service 6, 871.  519  50 

Bills  and  accounts  receivable 2, 701 ,  500  48 

Due  from  the  United  States  for  transportation  service 8,578,930  55 

Total  assets 226,822,5-80  32 

Surplus 0,850,838  04 


Statement  showing  ilw  earnings  and  expense^!  of  the  Union  Pacific  liailway  Company  for  the 
fiscal  years  ending  June  30,  1881  and  1882. 


Tear  ending 
June  30,  188U. 

Tear  ending 
June  30,  1881. 

Difference. 

Per 

cent. 

Increase  or 
decrease. 

Amount. 

KAUNINGS. 

Passenger 

Frei  fht         

$5, 195,  .'■>26  77 

IC,  772,  ir.5  48 

719,840  70 

706,  038  :il 

701,  065  83 

$4,  970,  C46  85 

15,  957,  560  64 

718,  337  61 

600,  287  00 

458,  919  9» 

Increase . . 
Increase . . 
Increase . . 
Increase . . 
Increase . . 

$224,  879  92 

814,  594  84 

1,  .503  15 

45.751  31 

242, 145  85 

4.52 
5.10 

Mail         

.21 

6.92 

52.00 

Total 

24,  094, 627  15 

22,  765, 752  08 

Increase.. 

1, 328,  875  07 

5.83 

EXPENSES. 

Conducting  transportjition 

2,  519, 835  44 
3,-357,735  69 
4, 121, 788  27 
1,  079, 132  86 
991,  300  29 

2,207,682  C6 

3,  569,  .549  26 

3,772.114  77 

983.  353  54 

882,  209  85 

Increase . . 
Decrease  . 
Increase . . 
Increase . . 
Increase . . 

2.52, 152  78 
211. 813  57 
349. 673  .50 
95. 779  32 
109,  090  44 

11.11 
5.  94 

9.27 

9.74 

12.36 

Total 

12, 069,  792  55 

11,474,910  08 

Increase . . 

594.  882  47 

5.19 

Net  earnings ............. 

12,  024,  834  60 

11, 290,  842  00 

Increase .. 

733,  992  60 

6.50 

1,  818. 80 

1, 818. 80 

Gross  earnings  per  mile 

Operating  expenses  per  mil© 

$13,247  .54 
6,  636  16 

$12,  516  90 
6,  309  08 

Increase .. 
Increase . . 

730  64 
327  08 

5.  83 
5.18 

Net  earnings  per  mile 

6,6U  38 

6,207  82 

Increase . . 

403  56 

6.50 

REPOET  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     699 

This  shows  a  very  steady  and  even  increase  in  ^ross  earnings,  opei^ 
ating  expenses,  and  net  earnings  during  the  year 

The  books  and  accounts  of  this  company  were  thorouglily  exaniined 
in  Boston.  Twenty  five  per  cent,  of  the  net  earnings  of  the  subsidized 
portion  of  the  Union  Pacific  for  the  year  1S81  was  found  to  be 
$1,826,294.98,  and  5  percent,  of  the  net  earnings  of  the  Kansas  Division, 
subsidy  portion,  $77,091.23,  making  aiiunint  due  the  government 
$1,903,980.21 ;  from  wliicli  deduct  transportation  withliehl,  $1,313,794.90, 
leaving  cash  balance  due  the  United  States  of  $."(90,191.31. 

A  copy  of  tlie  detailed  statements,  showing  the  above  result,  is  here- 
with submitted. 

Settlement  has  not  yet  been  consummated,  because  of  the  refusal  of 
this  office  to  allow  the  company  to  de<luct  items  for  new  construction 
and  new  equipment  for  the  year  ending  Decenil)er  31,  1881,  aggregat- 
ing $1,409,817.27  from  gross  earnings,  to  ascertain  tlie  net  earnings  as 
required  by  the  act  of  May  7,  1878.  There  is  also  involved  the  claim  of 
the  com])any  to  deduct  the  sum  of  $971,G22..j5  for  jn  ior  years.  A  de- 
tailed statement  was  rendered  and  payment  demanded  of  the  balance 
due  for  the  year  ending  December  31,  1881,  $590,191.31;  also  of  pre- 
vious balances  to  Deceniber  31, 1880,  amounting  to  $242,280,89,  but  pay- 
ment was  refused  for  the  reasons  stated.  The  question  will  i)robably 
be  submitted  to  the  Attorney-General  for  his  oi)niion. 

The  i)urpose  of  the  comjiany  is  everywhere  manifest  to  perfect  the 
roadway  and  its  equipment.  All  new  work  is  substantial  and  of  the 
best.  Iron  rails  are  rei)laced  with  steel,  and  wooden  bridges  and  cul- 
verts with  iron  and  stone.  Stone  ballast  is  being  extended  as  rapidly 
as  practicable.  The  main  line  and  the  connecting  roads  operated  by  it 
are  in  excellent  condition. 

In  respect  to  the  i)oli(;y  of  the  Union  Pacific  and  the  Central  Pacific 
companies  in  aiding  the  erection  of  l)ranch  lines  tlirough  valuable  ter- 
ritory, whicli  rival  eom])anies  would  occui)y  to  their  detriment  if  .such 
aid  were  not  extended,  I  entirely  concur  in  the  remarks  of  3Ir.  Freiieh. 
my  predecessor,  in  his  report  lor  1880  (j).  25) : 

The  policy  of  inveslinjj;  in  these  lir.Tiich  lines  is  nndonbteilly  the  best  for  insuriu;;  a 
continniMKc  of  prolitahli'  husiness  for  llic  ninin  line,  and  so  lon<^  .ns  the  ;;ovfiniuent 
lias  anch  .1  largt-  inttivst  as  i  rcditor  it  <'aiinor,  l)nt  sanction  and  conlirni  .such  invest- 
uieiils.  If  there  is  any  way  liy  which  these  hianch  inoiieities  could  lie  nierjjed  iu  or 
consolidated  with  the  main  inopeity,  it  would  he  desiral)le,so  that  in  uiiy  evuut  or 
coutiugency  the  main  juoiieity  could  not  be  deprived  of  thi;se  valuable  feeders. 

UNION  PACIFIC   RAILWAY  COMPANY,   UNION  DIVISION. 

Ascertainment  of  "2^>  per  ant.  of  vet  taniintja"  for  the  ijrar  ending  Deeemher  31,  IBdl, 
umitr  (he  avl  of  May  7,  leTtf. 

EAU.NINGS. 
United  States: 

Passenger $18,''.,  372  G8 

Kreijjht IU>U,B30  96 

Mail,  amount  clainied  l»y  comiiaiiy .§r>'.>G,  77.'>  tX) 

Lessdifrercm-e  betweeti  amount  claimed  and 
amount  allowed  by  rost-Ullicc  Dejiart- 
meut ! l.':5,  4:}(;  C.iJ 

4  n,  rcM  .^l 

$1,010,547  86 

Commercial : 

Passeuf^er :l,  277,7t'>l  27 

I'l^ight Ui,ri2:<.  112  .Vi 

Express .M.'>,  ll>y  7:t 

M,41G,U73  25 


700 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 


Company  freigLt .«!l,  IC.'),  !)70  74 

Car  Borvico i)2,  li'>9  iui 

Kent  of  buildiiiss x!H,889  77 

Miscellaueoiis  .'. 422. 219  06 

: 1^1,709,239  12 

Gross  earnings 17, 144,800  49 

KXPKNSE8. 

Conducting  transportation «. 1,C45,74!5  20 

IMaiuteuance  of  Avay 2,  :W9,  TjOI  45 

Motive  power 2,812,921  59 

Maintenance  of  cars 797,325  92 

General  expenses  and  taxes 5G3,328  40 

Total  operating  expenses 8, 208, 820  56 

Interest  paid  on  iirst  mortgage  bonds  having  prioritv  of 
lien  over  tiiose  of  the  United  States,  ledger  folio  386. .     1, 630, 860  00 

Total  expenses  under  act  of  May  7,  1878 9, 839, 680  56 

Net  earnings  so  ascertained 7,305,179  93 

Twenty-fivd  per  centum  of  net  earnings 1, 826, 294  98 

Amount  of 'transportation  rendered  us  above 1, 019, 547  85 

Less  difference  in  amount  claimed  bv  company 7, 231  23 

1,012,316  62 

Remainder,  cash  or  additional  i^ayment  required  by 
law 813,978  36 

APPLICATION. 

One-half  transportation  services  claimed 506, 158, 31 

Cash  payment,  five  per  cent,  of  net  earnings 365, 259  00 

To  credit  of  bond  and  interest  account 871,417  31 

One-half  transportation  services  claimed 506, 158  31 

Cash  payment,  being  that  portion  of  the $850,  000  named 
in  section  4  of  the  act  of  May  7, 1878,  payable  into  the 

sinking-fund ' '. 448,719  36 

954,877  67 

1,826,294  9f< 

Cash  payment  ascertained  to  he  due  for  the  year  1881,  ====:= 

after  deducting  the  amount  claimed  for  transportation 

services  rendered  on  tlie  subsidy  iiortion  and  withheld 

by  the  United  States .' 813,978  ?.<) 

The  company  is,  how^vei-.  entitled  to  jiaymeut  for  trans- 
portation services  performed  over  non-aided  lines  oper- 
ated by  it,  and  for  which  compensation  has  been  withheld 
by  the  United  States: 
Passenger,  freight,  and  mail  service. on  the  Omaha  and 

Republican  Valley G,  798  95 

Omaha,  Niobrara  and  Black  Hills 2, 127  69 

Saint  Joseph  and  Western 14, 460  35 

Marysville  and  Blue  Valley 1,645  21 

Echo  and  Park  City 6,813  56 

UtahNorthern 59,733  45 

Colorado  Central 23, 289  28 

Denver,  South  Park  andPacific 4,211  02 

Denver  Pacitic 20,523  72 

Junction  City  and  Fort  Kearney 3, 581  77 

Solomon  Railroad T 2,821  68 

Salina  and  Southwestern 1, 560  90 

Denverand  Boulder  Valley .■ -  1,186  32 

Golden,  Boulder  and  Caribou 288  48 

Lawrence  and  Emporia 1,560  65 

150,633  03 

Cash  requirement  for  1881 663,345  3:; 

Less  amount  due  Kansas  Pacific  on  settlement 73, 1:^4  02 

Balance  due  the  United  States  in  cash 590. 191  31 


EEPOET    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    INTERIOR.  701 

UNION  PACIFIC  RAILWAY  C03IPANY,   KANSAS  DIVISION. 
Earniugfi  aud  expeuses  from  November  2,  1880,  to  December  31,  18«1,  iucluslTe. 

KARXIXGS. 

United  States : 

Passenger .SSfi,  18-»  n4 

Freight IM.  -MU  H'.) 

Mail 13-J,G~(;  [H 

Comiuercial : 

Passf-nger -. l.G'^T.nOO  I'.t 

Freight 4,  .>")(),  17H  y7 

Express HID,  >•_>  58 

Company  freight :n,7.  \1'>  <iO 

Car  service lij,<il.'>  <il 

Reut  of  buildings (»,  IWJ  r>S 

Miscellaneous ()4,^'•l-'  2*i 

tj,  &Jfi,  149  15 

Gross  earnings 7,  lol,3c'S  Sti 

EXPENSES. 

Conducting  truiisportal ion .^47,2:ir»  8:i 

MaiutcjiHUcc  of  way 1 , 4():!,  7'Xi  'M 

Motive  power 1,  :!">:5,  ^y'-i  K^ 

Mainteuiince  of  cars 'M2,  Ci'jJ  '^•^ 

General  expenses  aud  taxes 475, 70G  "i'i 

Total  operating  expenses 4,4S:i,  Old  4-J 

Surplus t.'.  (5<>|.  :{7-2  14 

pjj  subsidy  proportion l,G4r»,'i'*7  36 

Less: 

New  construction  (see  statement) 70, 22r»  12 

New  ei|nipment  (see  statement) 21,23<i  6.> 

01,462  77 

Net  earniugs  so  ascertained 1,  ."v?,  824  59 

Five  per  cent 77,091  23 

Cash  portion  due  company  for  transportation  services  rendered  in  1S81,  by  actual 
location  : 

Subsidized  : 

Passenger sl3,  drsi  ."il 

Freigiit 4.'>,776  «> 

Express 327  11 

r)9,7:i.j  51 

One  li.ilf 29,867  76 

Unsnbsidized 

Passenger 7, 71«>  07 

Freight 32, -Ji:.  :.() 

Express 212  74 

40.174  37 

Subsidized  mail  =  ?,!{i  of  8ll3,.")67.64  =  870,O24.49,  l.-.-?sono-hnlf.       :t'>,01>j  25 
Unsnbsidizcd  mail -=  si^f;  of  $113,507.64 43,  ."►43  15 

Mail — Leavenworth  branch 2,247  72 

l.%0,  "4.*.  2.". 

Less  five  per  cent,  net  earnings,  as  above 77,691  23 

Balance  due  company  iti  cash 73,  liVl  02 


702  PAPERS   ACCOJrPANYING   THE 

Particulars  of  construction  and  equipment  from  November  2,  1880,  to  December  31,  1881, 

C0N.ST15UCT10X. 

For  November,  1880 : 

Right  of  way T.O.OO— A..  48  :« 

Fire  apparatus  at  Armstrong 140.  02.  .do..         135  84 

Bismarck  Grovo l,2«8.'^;i..do..     1,245  29 

For  Docemher,  1880 :  1, 429  46 

Shops,  &.C.,  at  Armstrong 8,785  29 

Tools,  «fec.,  at  Armstrong 543  11 

Bismarck  Grove 877  89 

Telegraph  line,  $10, 389.02  take  m 

As  per  Treasurer's  letter  of  May  1,  1882 4 ,  501  04 

14,797  33 

For  the  year  1881  : 

Land  at  Armstrong 1,210  24 

Addition  to  ships  at  Ai'mstrong 372  09 

Tools  and  machinery  at  Armstrong 5, 540  74 

Spur  track  to  Armourdale 4, 640  (jlj 

Pala  ce  Hotel  property  at  Topeka 8,  000  00 

Buildings  and  improvements  at  Bismarck  Grove 34, 221  39 

Telegraph  line =i|^  of  $32. 15 14  21 

53, 999  33 


70,226  12 


NEW  KQUIPMENT. 


November,  1880,  expense  on  freight  cars,  U  of  |18.99 IS  36 

December,  1880  expense  on  freight  cars 300  00 

During  the  vear  1881 : 

8  cabooses 10,090  04 

2  express  cars 4,  962  74 

3  work  cars 2, 146  45 

Miscellaneous  cars 14, 395  03 

License  to  use  steam  plow  and  scraper 1, 000  00 

Eoyalty  on  patent  safety  gate 1, 250  00 

License  to  use  Sati'ord's  draw  bar 863  00 

35, 025  62 

Deduct  rebate  on  freight  chargea 583  44 

34,442  18 

11^  =  subsidy  proportion 21,236  65 

NORTHERN  PACIFIC  RAILROAD  COMPANY. 

Thorough  inspection  of  the  property  of  this  company  has  been  made, 
and  great  improvements  noted  over  last  year. 

The  rapidity  with  which  construction  has  progressed  on  both  the 
eastern  and  western  divisions  is  without  precedent  in  the  history  of  the 
company. 

During  the  year  ending  June  30,  1882,  285  miles  of  track  were  laid 
with  American  steel  rails,  of  which  183  miles  were  laid  from  the  east, 
and  102  miles  from  the  west,  leaving  the  two  ends  of  the  track  573 
miles  apart  on  June  30,  which,  at  the  present  rate  of  construction,  will 
be  lessened  about  300  miles  hj  the  close  of  the  year.  The  final  connec- 
tion of  the  tracks  is  expected  to.  be  made  not  later  than  the  fall  of  1883. 

The  building  of  this  trans-continental  line  will  develop  an  ilnmense 
area  of  agricultural  and  grazing  lands.  During  the  past  year  there  has 
been  an  unx)recedented  flow  of  new  population  into  the  States  and  Ter- 
ritories tributary  to  the  road. 

Careful  recent  estimates  made  by  the  officers  of  the  company,  as  shown 
by  returns  to  this  bureau,  show  an  increase  of  population  of  31,948  in 
Oregon  and  Washington  Territory  since  the  census  of  1880. 

In  the  ten  most  important  towns  along  the  Minnesota  division  (Duluth 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     703 

to  Fargo)  there  has  been  an  increase  of  16,200,  or  200  per  cent.  In  the 
five  counties  traversed  by  the  Dakota  division,  a  gain  of  22,322,  or  150 
per  cent. 

A  number  of  thriving  towns  and  numerous  settlemeuts  are  rapidly 
springing  up  along  both  the  eastern  and  western  divisions  of  the  road. 

WESTERJf  DIVISION. 

The  inspection  of  this  division  extended  fiom  Portland  to  Tacoma, 
and  from  Portland  to  the  "  front,"  some  thirty  miles  east  of  where  Clark's 
Fork  of  the  Columbia  Eiver  emi)ties  into  Lake  Pend  d'Oreille. 

The  rapidity  of  construction  and  its  thoroughness  deserves  high 
commendation.  The  cuts  and  embankments  are  wide,  well  shaped,  and 
clean,  the  material  first-class;  the  rails  of  American  steel,  56  pouiuls  to 
the  yard,  and  the  cross-ties  are  laid  2,040  to  the  mile.  Owing  to  the  expe- 
ditious manner  in  which  the  road  has  been  built,  and  a  proper  regard 
to  economj'-,  occasional  sharp  grades  and  curvatures  have  been  adopted, 
but  they  will  be  reduced  as  soon  as  practicable.  Much  of  the  line  of 
the  road  abounds  in  excellent  material  tor  ballast,  which  is  being  util- 
ized as  rapidly  as  possible. 

Construction  work  is  carried  on  from  tlie  western  end,  under  the 
supervision  of  its  own  superintendent.  The  force  employed  averages 
about  6,000  men,  of  whom  about  4,000  are  Chinese.  The  difficulties  en- 
countered in  the  construction  of  the  road  up  Clark's  Fork  were  extreme. 
The  valley  is  a  mountain  gorge,  densely  timbered  with  jiine,  spruce, 
beech,  and  tamarack,  often  rising  to  a  height  of  250  feet;  the  country 
broken,  rocky,  and  precipitous.  No  road  existed  save  a  pony-trail  along 
the  mountain  sides,  and  numerous  rapids  interfere  with  the  navigation 
of  the  river. 

To  aid  the  work  of  construction  the  company  has  i)laced  a  small 
steamer  on  a  comparatively  smooth  stretch  of  the  river,  40  miles  long, 
beginning  21  miles  above  Cabinet  Landing,  or  28  miles  above  the  mouth 
of  Olark's  Fork,  where  it  empties  into  Lake  Pend  d'Oreille. 

About  25  miles  of  ditficult  work  still  remain  on  Clark's  Fork,  after 
which  the  character  of  the  country  changes  and  the  work  will  become 
much  easier.  To  cross  the  two  arms  of  Lake  Pend  d'Oreille  the  com- 
pany were  compelled  to  build  two  immense  trestles,  one  of  7,200  and 
one  of  8,400  feet  in  length.  Piles  were  driven,  upon  which  the  bents 
rest  the  entire  distance ;  the  stringers,  ties,  and  guard-rails  are  of  most 
excellent  material  and  very  superior  workmanship.  Guard-rails  of  wood 
are  bolted  every  fifth  tie  through  rail,  tie,  and  stringer,  some  .M  inches, 
and  are  notched  upon  every  tie,  making  a  very  stiong  and  safe  bridge. 

The  trestle  and  bridge  across  the  Clark's  Fork,  just  above  the  lake, 
is  also  an  excellent  structure,  built  this  year,  under  difliculties,  the  cur- 
rent being  very  rapid.  A  good  line  with  easy  grades  Iuih  been  located 
on  the  south  bank  of  the  Columbia  Eiver  between  Portland  and  Kalama, 
a  distance  of  '6dk  miles. 

The  Northern  Pacific  proposes  to  participate  in  forming  a  terminal 
company  for  the  building  of  a  passenger  and  freight  depot  at  Portland, 
and  to  provide  other  terminal  lacilities  for  all  roads  centering  at  that 
point.  It  is  estimated  that  the  plans  and  location  of  property  fully  cov- 
ers all  i)resent  and  future  needs  for  terminal  facilities  at  Portland. 

EASTERN  DIVISIONS. 

This  part  of  the  road  has  also  been  inspected  and  is  in  good  condi- 
tion.   The  opening  of  the  road  within  the  past  year,  from  JMiles  City  to 


704  PAPERS   ACCOT^rPANYING    THE 

Billings,  completes  the  lino  from  Dnluth  to  that  point,  a  distance  or 
IjOliO  miles.  The  company  also  oi)erates  130  miles  of  track  from  Saint 
Paul  to  Brainerd,  a  point  on  the  main  line,  thus  giving  a  throngh  line 
from  both  Saint  Paul  and  Duluth  to  the  present  terminus  of  the  road. 

From  Duluth,  at  the  head  of  Lake  Sni)erior,  to  Thomson,  a  distance 
of  24  miles,  the  road  is  owned  and  operated  jointly  with  the  Saint  Paul 
and  Duluth  liailroa<l  Company.  The  company  has  leased  G0.5  miles  <  f 
the  Western  Kailroad  Company  of  Minnesota,  from  Brainerd  to  Sauk 
Eapids,  for  a  period  of  ninety-nine  years,  and  has  secured  the  perpetual 
right  to  use  75.5  miles  of  track  of  the  Saint  Paul,  Minneapolis  and  Mani- 
toba Company  from  Sauk  Eapids  to  Saint  Paul,  i^aying  for  the  privilege 
$40,000  per  year  and  a  proportion  of  maintenance  and  station  expenses, 
which  secures  a  continuous  line  from  Saint  Paul  to  Brainerd,  a  distance 
of  13G  miles. 

The  road  from  Saint  Paul  to  Brainerd  is  w^ell  ballasted  with  earth, 
very  little  other  material  being  used,  and  is  fenced  much  of  the  way 
witii  barbed  wire  or  boards. 

YELLOWSTOXE  DIVISIOX. 

Track-laying  on  this  division  began  in  July,  1881,  and  at  time  of  in- 
spection had  been  completed  to  Billings,  a  distance  of  224  miles.  Great 
difficulty  of  construction  has  been  experienced  on  this  division  by  rea- 
son of  the  peculiar  and  variable  character  of  the  blufis  along  the  Yel- 
lowstone Eiver.  The  lower  strata  are  comparatively  soft,  and  easily 
disintegrate,  undermining  the  harder  strata  above,  which  fall  in  great 
masses  upon  the  track. 

In  seasons  of  high  water,  the  action  of  the  river  is  often  destructive, 
the  rock  being  undermined  by  the  water,  causing  it  to  cave.  This  dif- 
ficulty is  being  obviated,  and  in  time  will  l3ee»tirely  overcome,  by  a  con- 
tinuance of  the  present  system  of  throwing  out  dikes  at  exposed  points 
to  divert  the  river  current  from  the  bank.  Entensive  work  of  this  kind 
has  been  successfully  accomplished  at  Iron  Bluff,  about  10  miles  west 
of  Glendive.  At  this  point  an  enormous  mass  of  material,  with  scarcely 
any  cohesion,  containing  millions  of  cubic  yards,  was  slowly  crumbling 
to  pieces  and  gradually  sliding  towards  the  river.  The  obstacles  thus 
placed  in  the  way  of  a  permanent  road-bed  appeared  serious,  the  first 
track  being  wrecked  shortly  after  the  laying.  A  strong  dike  has  been 
thrown  out  into  the  river,  however,  diverting  the  channel  to  the  opposite 
shore,  and  the  temi)orary  track  then  laid  has  thus  far  proven  to  be  per- 
manent. 

For  a  distance  of  91  miles  between  Fort  Keogh  and  Custer  there  are 
23  miles  of  rugged  bluff-work.  At  exposed  points  heaA^  riprapping  has 
been  done. 

The  maximum  grade  of  this  division  is  26.4  feetto  the  mile;  the  curva- 
tures generally  good,  but  can  and  will  be  reduced  in  time. 

The  bridge  across  the  Powder  Eiver,  abeautiful  stream  of  clear  water, 
is  a.  Howe  truss — four  spans  of  150  feet  each  and  195  feet  of  pile  trestle 
approach.  A  Howe  truss  bridge  of  two  spans,  154  feet  each,  with  601 
feet  of  pile  trestle,  crosses  the  Tongue  Eiver.  There  are  also  Howe  truss 
bridge's  over  the  Cedar,  Cabin,  U'Fallon,  Eosebud,  and  Yellowstone 
Elvers. 

The  bridge  timbers  on  the  eastern  are  similar  to  those  on  the  western 
divisi(m,  and  are  of  excellent  mater  al  and  of  full  size.  Fifty-six-pound 
American  steel  rail  is  used  on  this  division,  and  2,640  ties  to  the  mile. 


REPORT   OF  THE   SECRETARY   OF   THE   INTERIOR.  705 

There  are  eight  standard  water-tanks,  well  built — one  supplied  by 
wind-mill,  three  by  gravity,  and  four  by  steam  pumps. 

One  ll-8tall  engine-house  and  iron  turn-table  at  Glendive,  and  one 
8-8tall  engine  house  and  wooden  turn-table  at  Forsythe. 

Sidings  have  been  laid,  of  a  uniform  length,  at  the  smaller  stations, 
of  2,640  feet  or  one-half  mile;  the  larger  stations  have  more  than  this, 
but  none  less.    There  are  59,562  feet  of  siding  now  laid  on  this  division. 

Twenty-five  miles  of  the  track  of  this  division  have  been  ballasted 
with  gravel,  at  an  average  of  10  inches  in  depth. 

Excellent  stock-yards  have  been  built  at  Glendive  and  Miles  City, 
and  others  will  be  constructed  as  rapidly  as  the  demand  requires.        * 

The  yard  at  Glendive  is  418  by  454  feet,  with  10  pens  and  6  chutes ; 
that  at  Miles  City  is  300  feet  square,  with  7  pens  and  5  chutes.  Both 
have  convenientfeed-racks,  water- troughs,  &c.,  and  stock  can  be  handled 
comfortably  and  economically.  Sections  are  about  10  miles  long,  and 
the  houses  are  so  constructed  and- located  as  to  accommodate  the  fore- 
men and  laborers  of  two  gangs,  having  a  neat  car  and  tool  house  on 
either  side  for  the  use  of  each  gang.  The  section-houses  are  much  above 
the  average,  and  are  all  uniform  in  size,  construction,  and  distance  from 
track.  They  are  one-and-a-half  story,  well  painted,  roomy,  airy,  and 
comfortable. 

BISMARCK  RIDOE. 

The  company  is  to  be  congratulated  in  having  completed  so  important 
a  structure  as  this  bridge  across  the  Missouri  River,  between  Bismarck 
and  Mandan,  Dakota  Territory.  At  the  time  inspection  was  made  this 
bridge  was  not  completed.  The  river  was  crossed  by  a  steam  ferry-boat, 
capable  of  transferring  three  passenger  coaches  or  four  freight  cars  at 
once. 

The  bridge  was  completed,  tested,  and  formally  opened  to  traflQc  Oc- 
tober 21,  1882.  Eight  locomotives,  weighing  over  500  tons,  crossed  the 
bridge  and  rested  on  each  of  the  spans,  whilst  engineers  made  observa- 
tions and  photographs  were  taken.  The  deflection  of  each  span  was 
less  than  3  inches.  The  testing  engineers,  men  of  long  experience  and 
of  eminent  ability,  pronounced  the  bridge  one  of  the  finest  and  most 
complete  in  the  country.  The  total  length  of  the  superstructure,  which 
is  of  steel  and  iron,  is  1,400  feet;  that  of  the  trestle  approach,  1,500  feet. 

The  three  main  spans  are  each  400  feet  long.  The  bottom  chord  is 
70  feet  above  low  water.  The  piers  are  74  by  26  feet  at  base  and  35  by 
10  feet  under  the  coping;  each  contains  2,700  cubic  yards  of  masonry 
and  1,000  yards  of  concrete,  being  the  largest  piers  on  the  Missouri  or 
Mississippi  Rivers,  except  those  at  Saint  Louis.  The  masonry  is  built 
in  a  most  thorough  and  workmanlike  manner,  and  is  entirely  of  granite. 
Foundations  for  the  channel  piers  were  put  in  by  pneumatic  proce*<8, 
and  are  50  feet  below  the  level  of  low-water.  They  rest  on  hard  clay, 
specimens  of  which  stood  a  pressure  of  300  pounds  to  the  cubic  inch. 
It  was  drilled  into  70  feet,  and  found  to  be  uniform.  It  is  regarded  as 
an  entirely  adequate  foundation.  About  70  j)er  cent,  of  the  super- 
structure, it  is  estimated,  is  of  steel  and  30  per  cent,  of  iron. 

The  bridge  ties  used  are  of  oak,  9  inches  square  and  15  feet  long, 
spaced  only  6  inches  apart  in  the  clear.  Inside  the  steel  rails  of  the 
track  are  placed  wrought  angle  irons,  bolted  to  every  tie  in  a  mjinner 
which  is  believed  to  make  the  floor  perfectly  safe  from  accidents  due 
to  derailments.  The  cost  of  this  bridge,  including  a  large  dike  put  in 
on  the  west  side  for  regulating  the  channel,  will  be  about  $1,000,000. 

Very  substantial  improvementa  hav«  been  made  by  the  company  at 
45  Ab 


706  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

Mandan,  on  the  w(>sfc  bank  of  the  Missouri,  amoiift-  which  are  a  large 
round-house,  and  machine-shop ;  also,  a  fine  two-story  brick  station 
buihling  of  largo  dimensions,  with  mansard  roof,  broad  platforms,  and 
large  airy  rooms  and  otiices  was  being  erected,  and  has  been,  ere  this, 
completed.  The  upper  floor  will  be  devoted  to  the  use  of  the  division 
officers. 

The  town,  claiming  about  1,500  inhabitants,  has  grown  to  its  present 
size  from  nothing  within  the  last  two  and  a  half  years. 

On  the  East  aiul  West  Minnesota  divisions.  Saint  Paul  division,  Cas- 
selton  branch,  and  the  Wisconsin  division,  an  aggregate  track  of  575 
Jfiiles,  395  miles  are  of  American  steel  and  180  miles  of  iron,  all  56 
pounds  to  the  yard.  The  bridges  generally  rest  upon  piles.  There  are 
only  four  Howe  truss  and  one  Post  truss  bridge  on  these  lines.  A  guard 
rail,  0  by  6  inches,  is  bolted  to  the  outside  stringers,  3  feet  from  the  rail. 

The  station  buildings  are  frame,  one  story  high,  and  of  sufficient  ca- 
pacity  for  the  accommodation  of  the  business.  They  all  bear  neat  signs, 
designating  name  and  distance.  No  mile  posts  are  yet  up,  but  it  is  in- 
tended to  erect  them  soon.  The  x)rinci])al  shops  are  at  Brainerd,  where 
a  new  one,  120  by  250  feet,  has  been  built.  There  have  been  erected  dur- 
ing  the  year,  one  44-stall  engine-house  at  Brainerd,  one  of  10  stalls  at 
Duluth,  one  of  18  stalls  at  Fargo,  one  of  2  stalls  at  Jamestown,  and  one 
of  0  stalls  at  Bismarck.  It  is  intended  to  have  the  track  all  graveled 
by  the  fall  of  1883. 

The  rail  on  the  line  from  Brainerd  to  vSauk  Rapids  is  of  iron  weighing 
52  pounds  to  the  yard,  but  before  the  close  of  the  \)reseut  year  will  all 
have  been  relaid  with  steel  of  50  pounds  to  the  yard. 

The  water-tanks  are  standard,  frost-proof,  IG  by  24  feet,  and  are  sup- 
plied from  wells  and  streams,  by  steam  power ;  72,885  feet  of  new  sidings 
have  been  put  in  during  the  year  ending  June  30, 1882. 

The  filling  in  of  the  marsh  at  Saint  Paul  is  being  continued  as  more 
track  room  is  needed.  A  double-track  iron  bridge  across  Fourth  street, 
an  iron-turn  table,  and  other  improvements  at  Saint  Paul  have  been  built. 
The  general  ofitice  building  at  that  place  is  progressing,  and  it  is  ex- 
pected will  be  ready  for  occupancy  in  January  next. 

ENTIRE   LINE. 

During  the  year  the  company  expended  for  new  construction 
$15,044,712.75,  and  for  improvements  and  betterments  on  the  already 
constructed  roatl,  $1,185,044.70.  The  equipment  purchased  during  the 
year  amounted  to  $2,138,956.20,  consisting  of  54  engines,  43  passenger, 
and  2,079  freight  cars. 

The  total  equipment  at  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 
1882,  Avas  1.54  locomotives,  of  which  31  have  the  Westinghouse  air-brake 
attachment;  104  passenger  cars,  4,787  freight,  and  644  miscellaneous 
cars. 

During  the  year  there  were  accidents  on  the  road  resulting  in  the 
death  or  injury  of  sixty -four  persons,  16  killed  and  48  injured,  classified 
as  follows:  One  passenger  and  two  employes  were  killed  from  their  own 
carelessness  or  misconduct,  aiid  13  employ6s  from  causes  beyond  their 
control.  Two  employes  were  injured  from  their  own  carelessness  or 
misconduct,  and  46  from  causes  beyond  their  control. 

The  company  has  been  fortunate  in  the  discovery  of  a  valuable  and 
continuous  vein  of  bituminous  coal,  from  4  to  5  feet  in  thickness,  100 
feet  from  the  surface,  and  above  the  water  level,  in  the  vicinity  of 
Bozeman,  Mont. 

It  is  purposed  to  develop  this  mine  by  the  time  the  track  reaches  there 
this  fall.   About  30  miles  west  of  north  from  Billings,  in  the  Bull  Moun- 


EEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OP  THE  INTERIOR. 


707 


tains,  coal  of  excellent  quality  has  been  discovered,  which  will  be  easy 
of  access  to  the  projected  line  from  Billings  to  Fort  Benton.  It  is 
thought  that  when  tliese  mines  shall  have  been  developed  there  will  be 
no  further  necessity  of  shipping  coal  from  the  East  for  steam  and  heating 
purposes. 

From  reports  submitted  to  this  office  the  following  statements  have 
been  compiled : 

statement  showing  the  financial  condition  of  the  Northetn  Pacific  Bailroad  Company  on  Junt 

30,  1882. 

UABILmES. 

First  mortgage  bonds $24,616,500  00 

Interest  ou  same .................  661,676  74 

Net  proceeds,  land  sales,  «fec 10,432,643  24 

Accounts  payable  and  advances  on  bonds 7,110,962  43 

Total  debt 42,821,782  41 

Capitalstock 90,909,132  20 

Total  stock  and  debt 133,730,914  61 

ASSETS. 

Coat  of  road |122,581,020  16 

Cost  of  equipment 4,466,903  82 

Real  estate 363,698  26 

Cash  and  material  on  hand .  6,558,061  22 

Company's  stocks  and  bonds  owned.. 1,683,635  10 

Other  stocks  and  bonds  owned 552,600  00 

Accouuts  receivable 783,480  04 

Total  assets 136,989,398  60 

Surplus 3,258,483  99 

Comparative  statement  showing  the  earnings  and  expenses  of  the  N'orthern  Pacific  Railroad 
Company  for  the  fiscal  years  ending  June  30,  1881  and  1882. 


1882. 


1881. 


Difference. 


Increase  or 
decrease. 


Amoant. 


Per 

cent 


EAKXINGS. 

Passenger 

yroight . 

Maif 

K  xjjffss 

MiacoUancoua 

Gross 

r-XPKXSKS. 

Tranapurtatiou 

Mainlfnancx  of  wny 

Moti vp  power  

MMiutcnuuce  of  cars 

CU-ueral  taxes  and  routuls 

Total 

Net  earnings 

Average  miles  opt-riif <m1  

Grosii  ftHi'niups  per  mile  of  roud. .  . 
Operatiugex7)enspsptTniil»'of  road. 

Net  earnings 


$1,  302,  260  80 

8,  909, 423  20 

52,  306  50 

140,203  18 

17,021  82 


$G6R,  620  92 

2,  207, 299  13 

37,  S(H)  0  ( 

76,318  CO 

4,  420  11 


Increase . 
Increase . 

Jncrtaso  . 
liiiruaso . 
lucreaito. 


$633, 639  88 

1, 702, 124  07 

H,445  92 

72,  li74  49 

12,  col  71 


94.82 
77.11 
38.15 
95.  61 
28.V  10 


S,  430,  305  50 


2,  904,  510  49 


lucreaae . 


2,  4,35, 786  07 


81.33 


794,  030  81 
0.52,919  r,G 
967,  MH  74 
273.  975  45 

583,  620  45 


430,  072  40 
499,  332  31 
4911,  0S«  3o 
i::.,  229  13 

480,668  11 


Increase . 
Tncmise . 
Incrcuiie . 
lucreuiie  . 

Increase . 


364,  557  91 

4.13,  .1N7  •::, 

477.  006  39 
148,  740  32 

102,  952  34 


8,  572,  840  51 


2,025,890  3U     InoresM 


1,  K57. 465  05 


969, 129  19 


797  00 


584  00 


6,  318  85 
3,  83t)  46 


4,  723  31 
3.119  26 


Increase . 


Incrc.nae . 


InoreaM . 
Increase 


1. 647.  4.'K)  21 

888,  335  8« 

213  00 


84.78 
90  90 
97.47 
lia78 

21.42 


2,  488  39 


1,  604  05  I  Increase 


8M  34 


70.40 

"oiTot 

"3«l7 

-'I 
6.-..  29 


708  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 


The  company  was  chartered  by  act  of  Coiij^ross  approved  July  2, 1864, 
and  received  a  grant  of  laud  of  twenty  sections  to  the  mile  within  the 
States  and  forty  sections  per  mile  within  the  Territories.  ' 

It  is  estimated  that  this  grant  will  aggregate  42,000,000  acres  of  land; 
746,509.52  acres  have  been  patented  to  date.  The  company  claims  to 
have  earned  to  June  30,  1882,  12,234,848.24  acres.  No  patents  have 
been  issued  by  the  United  States  to  the  company  since  November  4, 
1873,  except  one,  April  8, 1880,  for  3,016  acres  in  Washington  Territory. 

The  company  reports  having  sold  lands,  up  to  June  30,  1882,  for  an 
amount  aggregating  $13,108,835.28,  of  which  sales  $1,426,461.87  were 
made  during  the  year  ending  June  30,  1882.  During  the  past  year,  up 
to  November  1,  1882,  the  President  of  the  United  States  has  appointed 
commissioners  to  examine  for  acceptance  by  the  government  625  miles 
of  road,  300  miles  on  the  western  and  325  miles  on  the  eastern  divis- 
ions, reports  of  which  have  been  returned  to  the  Secretary  of  the  In- 
terior. 

In  this  connection  it  is  well  to  take  into  consideration  the  close  rela- 
tions existing  between  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  the  Oregon  and 
California  Railroad,  the  Oregon  Railway  and  Navigation  Company,  and 
the  Oregon  and  Transcontinental  Company. 

The  Navigation  Company  is  a  consolidation  of  the  Oregon  Steamship 
Company,  the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company,  and  the  companies 
owning  the  railroads  built  to  overcome  the  rapids  of  the  Columbia  Eiver. 
This  company  was  chartered  June  12, 1879,  and  commenced  business 
July  1,  of  the  same  year. 

On  June  1, 1882,  the  length  of  roads  operated  was  451.2  miles.  At 
that  date  the  company  was  building  a  line  from  Portland  to  Bonneville, 
4:2  miles,  to  connect  with  its  main  line  from  that  point  to  Wallula,  Wash. 
Ter.  This  has  since  been  completed.  The  company  was  also  extending 
a  branch  from  Umatilla  to  Baker  City,  via  Pendleton,  172.5  miles. 

The  Transcontinental  Company  was  organized  under  the  laws  of  the 
State  of  Oregon  for  the  general  purpose  of  constructing  railroads,  but 
more  particularly  to  secure  harmony  of  action  between  the  Oregon 
Railway  and  Navigation  Comi)any,  and  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad 
Company,  which  it  has  done  through  the  purchase  of  a  large  amount 
of  the  stocks  of  these  two  companies,  and  also  to  furnish  the  means  to 
build  branch  lines  tothe  Northern  Pacific  Railroad — which  that  com- 
pany cannot  under  its  charter  construct — to  increase  the  value  of  its 
lands  and  prevent  the  encroachment  of  rival  lines. 

The  Oregon  and  Transcontinental  Company  has  extended  to  the 
Northern  Pacific,  as  its  largest  stockholder,  the  strong  support  of  its 
capital  of  $30,000,000,  enabling  the  company  to  push  construction 
steadily  throughout  the  year.  It  controls  the  railroads  reaching  all  the 
settled  portions  of  the  valleys  of  the  Columbia  east  of  the  Cascade  Range, 
and  of  its  principal  tributaries,  the  Willamette  and  Snake  Rivers,  and 
includes  a  rail  connection  with  San  Francisco.  It  further  embraces  the 
navigation  of  these  three  rivers,  as  weU  as  of  Puget  Sound,  carried  on 
by  thirty  steamboats,  and,  likewise,  the  whole  of  the  coastwise  trade 
along  the  North  Pacific  coast,  from  the  northern  boundary  of  Mexico  to 
Alaska,  carried  on  by  26  ocean  steamships. 

The  traffic  which  will  flow  from  these  sources  into  the  main  artery  of 
the  Northern  Pacific,  upon  its  completion,  will  add  greatly  to  its  reve- 
nues. 


REPORT   OP   THE    SECRETARY    OP   THE    INTERIOR.  709 

OREGON  AND   CALIFORNIA   RAILROAD  COIVIPANY. 

Chartered  March  17,  1870,  aud  opened  for  business  December  1,1872. 

Tlie  company  is  now  successor  by  consolidation  of  the  Oregon  Central 
Itailroad  Company,  purchased  September  1,  1880,  chartered  July  25, 
1806,  and  owns  the  land  grant  of  said  company;  the  AYestern  Oregon 
Kailroad  Company,  purchased  October  9,  1880,  and  the  Albany  and 
Lebanon  Eailroad  Company,  leased  December  15, 1880,  at  a  rental  of  $1 
ibr  each  period  of  six  mouths,  this  company  to  pay  taxes  and  keep  up 
repairs.    The  several  lines  are  operated  in  two  divisions,  i.  e. : 

!Mil«8. 
East  Side  Divisioa : 

Maine  line,  Portland  to  Roseburg I9tt 

Lebanon  branch,  AHjany  Junction  to  Lebanon 11.5 

West  Side  Division : 

Portland  to  Corvallls 97 

Total,  exclusive  of  aido  tracks 306. 5 

The  estimated  grant  of  land  to  these  combined  companies  amounts  to 
3,910,000  acres,  of  which  322,062.40  acres  iKive  been  patented  to  June 

30,  1882.    Of  this  latter  amount,  lands  had  been  sold  up  to  December 

31,  1881 — date  of  last  report — for  an  amount  aggregating  $309,486.15,  at 
an  average  price  of  $2.25  per  acre.  The  minimum  price  now  asked  is 
25  cents,  the  maximum  $10  per  acre. 

Inspection  of  the  property  of  this  company  was  made  in  July,  1882, 
and  found  to  be  in  a  somewhat  improved  condition  over  the  previous 
year.  The  past  year  has  been  the  most  eventful  one  in  the  liistory  of  the 
comi)any  since  its  organization.  It  witnessed  the  end  of  a  crippknl  and 
helpless  existence,  which  the  corporation  ha<l  led  since  ita  bankruptcy 
in  1873,  and  the  beginning  of  new  vitality  and  brighter  i)romises  for 
the  future. 

It  appears  that  from  the  failure  of  the  company  in  1873  until  its  re- 
organization the  policy  was  pursued  of  incurring  the  least  possible 
expense  in  repairs  and  renewals,  in  order  to  eke  out  the  largest  possible 
net  results  for  the  association  of  bondholders  in  control  of  the  property. 
The  legitimate  fruit  of  so  false  an  economy  had  to  be  borne  sooner  or 
later,  if  the  road  lioped  to  ever  attain  even  a  fair  standard,  and  the  residt 
was  that  immediately  aft<ir  the  reorganization,  large  expenditures  be- 
came inevitable.  It  is  the  intention  of  the  i>resent  management  to 
improve  and  perfect  the  property  as  rapidly  as  time  and  money  will 
admit. 

Kunning  down  from  Portland  to  Roseburg,  on  the  east  side  of  the 
Willamette  Iliver,  the  track  is  in  goo<l  line,  and  part  of  it  well  baUasted 
with  gravel.  The  bridge  across  the  AVilhimctt*'  is  to  l»e  renewed  this 
year.  The  trestle  a})proach  on  the  southern  side  is  about  one  mile 
long.  The  stxong  current,  high  waters,  and  sott  yielding  soil  render 
it  impracticable  to  till  this  trestle  with  material. 

At  Oregon  City,  which  is  the  largest  manufacturing  town  in  the 
State,  a  40-foot  fall  in  the  Willamette  furnislies  u  magniliccnt  power, 
and  is  being  utilized. 

The  inspection  extended  as  far  south  as  Roseburg,  the  present  oper- 
ating terniimis,  and  some  15  miles  beyond  where  track  ha<l  l)een  laid. 
The  work  on  the  new  portion  pf  tlie  line  is  much  sui>erior  to  that  on  the 
older;  thejare  using  goml  sawed  ties  .ind  ")6-j)ound  rails. 

The  region  from  this  southern  teriniMus  of  the  main  line  is  of  a  char- 
acter mucli  broken  by  water-cours«'s,  ranges  of  hills  and  mountains, 
and  some  portions  of  construction  will  be  very  diilicult  and  expensive. 


710  PAPBRS   ACCOMPANYING  THE 

U])on  the  lino,  siH  Inr  as  selected,  there  will  be  a  section  of  63  miles 
in  length  fioni  lioseburg south,  in  the  valleys  of  the  South  TJnipqua  and 
Cow  Creek,  showing  maximum  grades  of  53  feet  per  mile,  and  very 
heavy  curvature,  with  10  degi-ees  as  maxima.  From  the  end  of  this 
section  to  the  valley  of  the  Rogue  River,  a  further  distance  of  40  miles, 
three  mountain  ranges  have  to  bo  traversed.  The  maximum  grade  on 
this  division  will  be  116  feet  per  mile,  and  of  curvatures  likewise  10 
degrees. 

The  plan  is  to  bnild  southwardly  to  the  line  of  division  between  Cal- 
ifornia and  Oregon,  there  to  connect  with  the  California  and  Oregon 
Railroad,  which  is  being  extended  north  under  the  auspices  of  the  Cen- 
tral Pacitic  as  its  "  Ore^^on  division."  The  junction  of  these  two  roads 
is  expected  to  occur  in  the  latter  part  of  1883,  and  it  is  fairly  assumed 
that  sufficient  business  will  naturally  be  attracted  to  this  route  to  cause 
a  fair  and  early  return  on  the  investments. 

The  road  on  the  west  side  of  the  Willamette,  from  Corvallis  to  Port- 
land, was  inspected  upon  the  return  trip. 

From  Albany  Junction  to  Corvallis,  a  distance  of  11  miles,  the  jour- 
ney had  to  be  made  by  wagon. 

The  road  from  Corvallis  to  McMinnville,  a  distance  of  47  miles,  is 
in  most  excellent  condition,  good  rails  and  ties  and  broken  rock  bal- 
last the  whole  distance,  making  a  safe  track  for  both  rapid  and  heavy 
trains. 

From  McMinnville  to  Portland,  50  miles,  the  track  needs  better  ma- 
terial of  all  kinds,  and  assurances  have  been  given  that  this  section  of 
the  road  would  receive  attention  at  the  earliest  practicable  moment.  It 
is  indeed  to  be  hoped  that  the  efforts  of  the  present  management  may 
meet  with  success,  in  the  endeavor  to  improve  and  better  the  property 
and  business  of  this  comi^any. 

The  road  runs  through  the  rich  and  productive  Willamette  Valley, 
whose  soil  seems  as  fertile  after  years  of  continuous  self-same  crop  rais- 
ing, as  at  the  beginning.  There  is  rarely  a  failure  in  the  crojjs,  and  the 
yield  is  extraordinary. 

Properly  managed,  although  built  at  a  heavy  expense,  the  local  and 
through  business  of  the  road,  after  its  junction  with  the  California  line 
should  be  more  than  self-supporting. 

From  the  latest  financial  returns  made  to  this  office,  at  the  date  of 
writing,  the  following  statement  is  submitted,  showing  the  assets  and 
liabilities,  December  31, 1881: 

LIABILITIES. 

Firat-mortgage  bonds $G,  000, 000  00 

Other  funded  debt 51,750  00 

Interest  on  other  funded  debt . - 20,035  51 

Pay-rolls  and  vouchers -. 39,724  25 

Bills  and  accounts  payable 1,694,673  38 

Total  debt 7,806,183  14 

Capital  stock 19,000,000  00 

Total  stock  and  debt 26,806,183  14 

ASSETS. 

Cost  of  road  and  fixtures 12,814,147  08 

Equipment -. .        815,764  93 

Real  estate 748,878  23 

Cash  and  material  on  hand , - 97,314  24 

Bills  and  accounts  receivable *   5,052,523  87 

Total 19,528,628  35 

Profit  and  loss  ("capitalized  debt") 7,277,554  79 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 


711 


Followiug  is  a,  statement  sliowing  the  eaiiiiutcs  and  expeusea  of  the 
road  for  the  fiscal  years  ending  June  30,  18.S1  and  1882: 


Difference. 


Year    cDding  i  Year    ending  I 

June30,18K.'.  [  June  30.  IMl.  '  j^^„^^^„^ 
decrease,  i 


EAKNIXGS. 

Passeneer 

rieifjht 

Mail 

ExproHD 

Miecellincous 

Total 

EXPENSES. 

Transportation 

M.aintenauco  of  way 

Motive  power 

Maintenance  of  cara 

General  expenses  aud  taxes 

Total 

Ket  earnings 

Average  miles  operated  . . . . 

Earnings  per  mile , 

Expenses  per  mile 

Not  earnings  per  iiiilo 


m7,^->6  29 
o:t2,  590  27 
24,513  73 
13,  fcOO  00 
40,  700  56 


935, 177  85 


109, 103  75 

403,  799  84 

86, 480  78 

:i3,4I8  23 

76,  944  46 


709,  747  00 


225, 430  79 


310 


$3, 016  70 
2,  289  50 


727  20 


3:n,  1:10  40 

22,  686  87 
13, 050  00 
15,  397  83 

C14, 783  82 


Amount. 


Per 
cent^ 


f232,  512  72     Increww  . .       fRR,  045  67 


I  iicrease . 
iDure.tso . , 
Increase . , 
Incrcaro . . 

Increase . , 


201,  402  87 

1,  820  80 

750  00 

31,  308  73 


320, 394  03 


37, 940  96 
203,  003  20 
63, 746  44 
20, 388  33 
106,  200  84 


491,  279  83 


123, 503  99 


281.  33 


$2, 185  27 
1, 746  27 


439  00 


Increase . . 
Increase . . 
InoreMe . . 
Increase.. 
Deci«a8e  . 

Increase . . 


Increase . 


Increase . 


Increase . 
Increase . 


Increase . 


11,162  79 

200, 796  Ml 

22, 734  84 

13, 029  9<) 

29,  256  38 


218,  4G7  23 


1831  Alt 
543  23 


288  20 


36.57 

60.  5.i 

a  05 

5.74 

203.33 


52.11 


11.89 
98.91 
35.82 
63.90 
27.64 


44.46 


lOU  926  SO  I      82. 52 


28. 67  I      10. 19 


.S8.04 
31.10 


MISSOURI  PACIFIC  RAILWAY  COMPANY. 


This  "system"  is  composed  of  the  following  roads,  each  of  whicli  will 
be  treated  of  in  their  respective  order,  so  far  as  they  may  come  within 
the  pnrview  of  this  bureau: 

Mili'8. 
Missouri  Pacific  Railway : 

Maiu  Hue,  Saiut  Louis  to  Omaha 4% 

Brauclies  aud  exteusious 512 

Total  Missouri  Pacific  proper 1,008 

Missouri,  Kansas  ami  IVxas  Kailway  : 

Maiu  line,  Hannibal  to  Denison '>T.'> 

Brauehcs  and  exteusious 7'J»'> 

i,:uii 

Central  Uranch  Union  Pacific: 

Maiu  line,  Ateliisou  to  Leuora '-."■'• 

Brauclies  aud  exteusious '.'■'» 

—  3a-< 

Total  main  line,  lnanclies,  and  divisions 2,  C'.»7 

In  addition  to  tin-  above,  there  is  eiubraced  in  tho  "system"  aiul  controlled  by  tlio 
management  the  ioih)\viuj!;: 

Saint  Loni.s,  Iron  Mountain  and  Soulhern  Railway: 

Main  line,  8aint  Louis  tt)  Texarkana I'.'il 

Branches  aud  extensions SM 

—  two 

Texas  and  Pacific  Railway: 

Texarkana  to  Kl  V-.ttin Sii'.) 

Eastern  division  branches '/TI' 

New  Orleans  division Xl'2 

I,4t0 


712  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 

luteniational  and  Great  Northern  llailroad  (not  aided  either  iu  laudB  or  bonds): 

Gulf  division,  Longview  to  Houston 232 

Branches  and  divisions 118 

350 

San  Antonio  Division  : 

Main  line,  Palestine  to  Laredo 415 

Round  Rock  to  Georgetown 10 

425 

775 

Total  mileage  emhracedin  system 5,772 

MISSOURI  PACIFIC  RAILWAY. 

The  company  to  whicli  the  Missouri  Pacific  was  successor  was  in- 
corporated by  charter  approved  March  12,  1849,  under  the  name  of  the 
Pacific  Kaih'oad  Company,  with  a  capital  of  $10,000,000  to  build  a  road 
from  Saint  Louis  to  Jefferson  City,  and  thence  to  the  western  boundary 
of  the  State. 

To  aid  in  the  construction  of  this  work  Congress  made  a  grant  of 
land  equal  to  3,840  acres  to  the  mile — in  all  1,161,204  acres. 

The  southwest  branch  was  taken  possession  of  by  the  State  in  1866, 
for  non-payment  of  interest  on  subsidy  granted  by  the  State  ($7,000,000), 
and  sold  to  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Eailroad  Company,  which  com- 
pany, in  1872,  leased  the  line  of  the  original  company. 

The  two  roads  were  operated  under  one  management  until  1876,  when 
the  Pacific  road  was  sold  under  process  of  foreclosure  of  the  third 
mortgages  and  conveyed  to  the  present  company. 

The  main  line  from  Saint  Louis  to  Kansas  City  was  gone  over  on  the 
regular  trains,  and  no  particular  chance  to  make  detailed  observations 
was  accorded. 

The  line'>from  Kansas  City  to  Omaha,  on  the  west  side  of  the  Missouri, 
had  just  been  completed  when  passed  over  by  the  ofiflcw-s  of  this  bureau. 
Good  rails  and  ties  were  used,  but  the  grading  and  ballasting  (with 
"  gumbo  ")  should  be  covered  with  a  liberal  depth  of  gravel  or  broken 
rock  to  bring  the  track  up  to  a  fair  and  safe  standard. 

No  reports  have  been  received  from  the  company  on  the  business 
and  condition  of  this  road,  but  only  reports  for  the  Missouri,  Kansas, 
and  Texas ;  Central  Branch  Union  Pacific,  and  Saint  Louis  Iron  Moun- 
tain and  Southern.  The  Texas  and  Pacific  Company  make  an  annual 
sworn  report  as  required  by  law,  a  copy  of  which  is  printed  as  Ap- 
pendix 13. 

MISSOURI,  KANSAS  AND   TEXAS  RAILWAY  (KANSAS  AND  TEXAS  DIVIS- 
ION). 

This  road,  which  has  now  lost  its  identity,  is  operated  by  the  Mis- 
souri Pacific  as  its  "  Kansas  and  Texas  Division."  Inspection  was 
made  in  May  last  of  onlv  a  part  of  the  road  fi'om  Sedalia,  Mo.,  to  Vinita, 
Ind.  T. 

On  the  land-grant  portion  the  maximum  grade  is  61  feet  to  the  mile, 
the  sharpest  curve  being  onlj'  five  degrees.  A  few  miles  are  ballasted 
with  stone,  but  the  principal  part  of  the  road  is  kept  up  in  fair  shape 
with  earth.  Some  steel  rails,  of  52  pounds  to  the  yard,  have  been 
placed  ill  the  track,  and  the  cross-ties  are  principally  of  cedar  and  oak. 

The  bridges  are  apparently  liglit,  although  well  protected  by  inner 
iron  guard  rails,  the  approaches  being  well  and  solidly  filled  iu  with 
rock  ballast.    Those  which  have  been  rebuilt  are  very  good,  and  of  a 


REPORT  OP  THE  SECRETARY  OP  THE  INTERIOR. 


713 


better  and  more  substantial  character.  Station  buildings  are  mostly 
ordinary  wooden  structures,  but  are  sufficient  for  the  present  business. 
The  road  having  been  absorbed  by  the  Missouri  Pacific  system,  re- 
ports to  this  office  have  only  been  made  as  to  its  eaiuiugs  and  ex- 
penses, from  which  the  following  statement  is  comi)iled: 

Comparative  statements  of  earnings  and  expenses. 


Fiscal  year  end- 
ing Juue  M, 

1882. 

Fiscal  year  end- 
ing June  30, 
1881. 

DiflVrence. 

Increase  or 
decrease. 

Amount. 

Per 
cent. 

EAKKIXGS. 

Passenger ^ 

Preight ................ 

$1,314,669  24 

4,  304,  570  81 

135,507  79 

105,  035  88 

66,701  26 

$879, 195  13 

3, 272, 050  70 

119,010  a 

67,  675  00 

58,631  76 

Increase . . 
Increase . 
Increase . . 
Increase .. 
Increase  . . 

$.3.'!5.474  11 

1,032.  S'JO  11 

16.4'j:  14 

a7,360  hS 

8,  009  50 

38.15 
ai.  55 

MaU 

13.|<« 

Express 

55.20 

MiBcelIa:ne«aB „ 

13.76 

Total 

5,  826, 484  98 

4,  396,  563  24 

Increase . 

1,429,921  74 

32.  S2 

EXFEXSEB. 

1,  021,  202  27 

1,358,713  30 

1,  016,  404  71 

339,  030  11 

118,325  53 

590,  959  24 
682, 578  85 
629, 088  48 
239,  580  14 
117,007  31 

Increase . 
Increase  . 
Increase  . 
Increase . 

Increase    . 

430,  243  03 
696, 134  45 
387,316  23 
99,449  97 
1.  318  22 

72.80 

Maintenance  of  Tray 

105.06 
61.  r« 

41.51 

1.12 

Total  op^rRting 

3,  853,  675  92 

2,239,214  02 

Increase  . 

1,  614,  461  90 
~l84,  540  18 

72.09 

Net  earnings 

1, 972.  809  06 

2, 157,  349  22 

Decrease 

a55 

Average  miles  operated ........ 

885  36 

809  04 

Increase . 

76  32 

9.43 

6,  580  92 
4,  352  67 

5.434  29 
2,7C7  74 

Increase  . . 
Iiicrease  . 

1, 146  63 
1,584  93 

21.09 

Operating  expenses  per  mile 

57.26 

Net  earnings  per  mile 

2,228  25 

2,666  55 

Decrease.. 

438  30 

16.43 

SAINT  LOUIS,  IRON  MOUNTAIN  AND  SOUTHERN  RAILWAY. 

This  company  was  formed  in  1S74  by  the  consolidation  of  tlie  Saint 
Louis  and  Iron  Mountain  ;  the  Arkansas  Branch;  the  Cairo  and  Fultou, 
and  the  Cairo,  Arkansas  and  Texas  railroads. 

During  the  past  year  the  greater  part  of  the  capital  stock  of  the 
Saint  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  and  Southern  Railroad  Company  was  pur- 
chased by  the  Missouri  Pacific  Kailioad  Company,  tlirce  sbarc.-<  of  the 
latter  being  exchanged  for  four  of  the  former.  The  object  of  this  pur- 
chase is  to  eftect  an  ultimate  consolidation  of  the  two  (:onii)anies. 

The  gauge  was  formerly  5  feet,  but  was  changed  to  the  standard  4 
feet  8i  inches,  on  June  29,  1879. 

The  road  was  gone  over  in  the  latter  part  of  last  May ;  track  was 
good,  but  in  some  places  very  much  out  of  line,  owing  to  long  and  heavy 
rains.  Where  no  rock  or  gravel  was  used,  the  dirt  road  bed  was  very 
much  softened  and  had  been  washed  away  in  many  places. 

It  is  the  intention  of  the  company  to  ballast  the  entire  line  as  rapidly 
as  possible  with  stone  or  gmvel ;  also  to  increase  the  present  uuuiber 
of  cross-ties  to  3,000  per  mile. 

The  greater  portion  of  the  road  is  laid  with  COpoimd  steel  rails,  and 
split  rail  switches  are  used. 

The  bridges  are  well  protected  with  wooden  guard  rails,  and  the 
approaches  to  the  same  are  solidly  filled  in  with  rock  ballast. 


714 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


The  itrincipal  freight  traffic  of  the  road  consiats  of  cottou  and  iron 
ore  shipiiientH. 

Tlie  Hot  iSi)riiig.s  Eailroad,  3^  foetgauffe,  ruuiiiug  from  Malvern  to  Hot 
Springs,  Ark.,  was  gone  over.  The  track  is  good,  rolling  stock  fair,  and 
business  profitable.  The  road,  which  is  only  2.">  miles  long,  has  good 
working  arrangements  with  the  Iron  Mountain  Koad,  and  although 
operated  separately  is  classed  as  a  branch  of  it.  The  trathc  over  this 
short  line  is  reported  as  being  good  the  year  round. 

Two  hundred  and  sixty-five  acres  of  land  (which  includes  all  of  the 
hot  springs)  are  reserved  by  the  government. 

On  June  30,  1882,  Congress  appropriated  the  sum  of  $100,000  for  the 
erection  of  an  Army  and  Navy  hosi)ital  on  the  government  reservation 
at  or  near  the  Hot  Springs.  An  ai)propriation  was  also  made  for  the 
improvement  of  Hot  Springs  Creek,  and  for  other  imi)rovemeuts  upon 
the  Hot  Springs  Mountain  Reservation. 

These  celebrated  sj)ring8,  in  which  the  government  has  a  large  inter- 
est, attract  a  large  passenger  trafidc  over  the  road,  which,  with  a  very 
considerable  cotton  shipment,  renders  it  an  important  feeder  to  the 
main  stem. 

Heavy  rains  just  before  the  inspection  had  caused  serious  washouts 
of  track  and  bridges,  which  were  being  promptly  repaired. 

The  foUoiving  statement  has  been  compiled  from  monthly  reports  rendered  to  this  office  by  the 
Missouri  Pacific  Company,  showing  the  earnings  and  expenses  for  the  years  ending  June30, 
1881  and  1882,  of  the  Saint  Louis,  Iron  Alountain  and  Southern  Railuay. 


Tear  ending 
June  30, 1882. 

Tear  ending 
June  30, 1881. , 

Difference. 

Increase  or 
decrease. 

Amount. 

Per 
cent. 

EAliXlXOS. 

$1, 447,  535  G5 

5,  501,  914  95 

145,  308  35 

IGl,  027  72 

95,  326  98 

$J,  437,  540  86 

5, 143,  780  80 

108,  040  52 

164,  838  34 

128,  339  88 

Increase 

Increase 

Inerea.se 

Decrease.... 
Decrease 

$9, 994  79 

358, 134  15 

37,  207  83 

3,810  62 

33,  012  90 

.69 

Freight 

6.  to 

Mail                                        

34.49 

2.31 

Miscellaneous 

25.72 

Tota,l 

7,  351, 113  65 

6,  982, 540  40 

Increase  

368,  573  25 

5.27 

EXPENSES. 

1,  327, 928  21 

1,  352, 150  18 

961,  671  97 

291,  454  04 

252,  367  46 

1,412,963  25 

1,  683,  693  67 

1,  029,  772  b9 

328,  191  14 

227,  899  71 

Decrease — 
Decrease.... 

Decrease 

Decrease — 
Increase .... 

85, 035  04 
331,  543  49 
68, 100  92 
36,  737  10 
24,467  75 

6.01 

19.68 

6.61 

11.19 

10.73 

Total 

4, 185,  571  86 

4,  682,  520  66 

Decrease  — 
Increase  — 

496, 948  80 

10.61 

3, 165,  541  79 

2, 300,  019  74 

865,  522  05 

37.63 

713.  83 

68t.  50 

Increase  

29.33 

4.28 

$10,  298  12 
5,  863  54 

$10,  200  93 
6,  640  79 

Increase 

Decrease 

$97  19 
977  25 

.95 

14.28 

4, 434  58 

3,  360  14 

Increase 

1,  074  44 

31.98 

OiENTBAL  BRANCH  tJNION    PACIFIC. 

This  road  was  originally  organized  under  the  corporate  title  of  the 
Atchison  and  Pike's  Peak  Eailroad  Company,  February  11,  1859.  It 
was  i)rovided  for  as  one  of  the  branches  of  the  Union  Pacific  in  the  act 
incorporating  that  company,  and  received  a  grant  of  lands  from  the 
United  States  amounting  to  245,100  acres,  of  which  187,007.99  have 
been  patented. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 


716 


In  addition  to  tliin,  tini  jfovcrunient  loaueil  the  couipauy  bonds  to  the 
amount  ofdl,GU(),(»00,  or  *1(;,()00  p«'r  mile  from  Atchison  to  Waterville, 
KanH.,  a  distance  of  100  mih^s. 

The  load  piiicticaTly  lieh^nfjs  to  the  Union  I'acitic  Kail  way  Company, 
but  is  operated  by  the  Missonii  Pacific  as  its  "  Central  Branch  Division.'' 

Insi^ection  of  this  ])i'operty  vrns  made  during  the  hitter  part  of  AugiiHt 
last. 

The  line  owned  and  operated  is  100  miles  in  length,  tVoni  Atchison  to 
Waterville,  Kans.,  in  addition  to  whicli  there  are  leased  of  the  Atchison, 
Colorado  and  Pacific  Railroad  Company  'jrn'.-'J  miles,  and  of  the  Atchi- 
son, Jewell  County  and  Western  Kaili\ia«l  C«nni>any,  .'{■{. s  miles,  making 
a  total  of  380.1  miles. 

The  road  runs  through  a  comparatively  new  country,  which  is  being 
settled  uj)  gradually.  Improvements  on  the  line  are  rather  meager; 
the  rails  are  all  of  iron,  but  in  some  prices  old  chairs  are  being  rephice«l 
with  splice  bars. 

The  equipment  of  this  division  consists  of  31  engines,  15  i>asscnger 
cars,  8  bajrgage,  mail,  and  expi-ess  cars,  and  578  freight  ears.  The  follow- 
ing imi>rovements  have  l)een  made  during  tht^  year:  !Nine  miles  of  tnu-k 
were  ballasted  with  stone  and  11  miles  witli  gravel;  38  miles  of  new 
iron  rails  were  laid  ;  2  miles  of  new  side  tracks  put  in,  and  the  masonry 
of  21  culverts  renewed.  On  !Sei)tembcr  30,  1882,  there  were  20  miles  of 
rock  and  lOi  miles  of  gravel  ballast  in  the  subsidized  portion  of  the 
road. 

Fourteen  wooden  Howe  truss  bridges,  aggregating  a  length  of  1,420 
feet  single  track,  one  of  54  feet,  double  track,  and  one  iron  three  girder, 
double-track  bridge  of  54  feet  are  the  principal  features  relative  to 
bridging. 

From  reports  rendered  the  following  statement  has  been  prepared, 
showing  the  earnings  and  expenses  of  the  subsidy  portion  of  the  line: 


Tear  ending 

JunoHu,  1S*<2. 


EAUMSi.S. 

Passenger 

Ficiglil 

Mail 

Express 

Miscellaneous 

Total 

EXPEX6ES. 

Transportation 

Muint<'Dsincu  of  way , 

Motive  j»o wer 

Mnintcnaucu  of  cars 

Geueral  rspenses  nn<l  taxes. 

Total 

Net  earnings 

Average  miles  operated 

Earnings  per  niilo 

Expenses  per  mile 

Net  earnings  per  mile 


$111,080  11 

3ii9,  con  TiO 

11,842  44 

-.i,  lot  23 
17,4SO  82 


453,111  10 


Yenr  ending 

June  ao.it^ti. 


893, 737  07 
381,900  40 

11, 34-2  43 
2, 332  .13 

IS.  769  77 


UilluteUCO. 


Increase  or 
decrease 


Increase . 
Decrease 


Amount. 


117,843  04 
72,  3r.6  90 


luci-easo  ..I 
Increase  . .' 


771  70 
1,711  05 


505, 142  22  I  Decrcasw 


73,  .11 7  2-1 
12.\  248  Ki 
1)4,727  93 
27,414  y« 
H,  19.'  U'J 


M, 045  07 
114,  r>25  55 
88,758  74 
22,  187  17 
12,381  33 


320,  2U1  04 


Inrrcaiie . .  i 
Increase  ..I 
I'lcrpiwo ..' 
Inert  aso  .., 
Derrcaao  .1 


9, 272  10 
10.723  28 
.V974  19 

:>.  rjo  8a 

3,  8X8  34 


Iucr«^allo  . . 


123,  910  OU 


301,802  86 


303,  249  36  i  Decre«H« 


27,308  18 


Per 
cent 


19.03 
18.  M 


33.06 
10.  K 


62,  U31  12         10.  30 


14.47 
9  36 
6.73 
23.  Uo 
31.40 


9.04 


79, 830  30  I      39. 03 


100.00 

"$4,"Mi'ir 
3,  292  01 


irn  rni 


1,239  10 


2, 082  4*     DeoreM0 


718  89         tS9.  U3 


716  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 

TEXAS  AND  PACIFIC  RAILWAY  COMPANY 

Chartered  in  LS.'JS  by  tlie  State  of  New  York  under  the  title  of  Atlan- 
tic and  Pacific,  changed  to  Texas  Western;  afterwards,  in  185G,  to  the 
Southern  Pacific;  and  on  March  3,  1871,  the  Congress  of  the  United 
States  approved  an  act  chartering  the  company  under  its  present  title. 

The  present  com])any  acquired  the  properties  of  the  Southern  Pacific, 
the  Southern  Transcontinental,  and  the  Memphis,  El  Paso,  and  Pacific 
Eailroad  Companies. 

The  Southern  Pacific  Eailroad  Company  was  a  consolidation  of  the 
Yicksburg,  Shreveport  and  Texas,  chartered  in  Louisiana,  and  the 
Southern  Pacific,  organized  under  tiie  laws  of  Texas.  That  portion  of 
the  line  in  Louisiana,  about  20  miles,  was  built  by  the  Vicksburg, 
Shreveport  and  Texas  Company ;  the  section  of  the  road  from  the  east 
line  of  Texas  to  Longview,  Tex.,  about  40  miles,  by  the  Southern  Pacific 
Company.  The  rest  of  the  line  in  Texas  was  built  by  the  present  com- 
pany. 

The  capital  stock  authorized  is  $50,000,000,  of  which  $28,127,700  has 
been  issued  and  paid  up. 

The  act  of  March  3,  1871,  section  13,  requires  that  the  president  of 
the  company  shall  annually  make  a  sworn  statement  to  the  Secretary 
of  the  Interior,  exhibiting  the  financial  condition,  receipts  and  expen- 
ditures, number  of  miles  of  road  constructed,  &c.  This  report  has 
been  received,  a  copy  of  which  is  submitted  as  Appendix  13. 

The  operations  of  this  company  during  the  year  ending  June  30, 1882, 
have  been  extensive  in  the  enlargement  and  addition  to  its  property, 
as  evidenced  by  the  fact  that  during  that  period  569  miles  of  track  have 
been  built,  showing  at  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year  1,389.87  miles  of  road; 
also  in  adding  to  the  equipment  37  engines,  18  passenger  cars,  933  freight 
cars;  showing  the  equipment  on  June  30, 1882,  to  be  121  engines,  85 
passenger  and  2,942  freight  cars,  and  51  miscellaneous  cars. 

There  is  a  decided  improvement  in  the  appearance  of  the  new  track 
over  the  older  portion,  better  material  being  used,  and  a  wiser  intelli- 
gence exercised  in  its  construction.  The  road  extends  as  far  west  as 
Sierra  Blanca,  Texas,  from  which  point  it  has  the  use  of  the  joint  track 
of  the  Southern  Pacific  and  the  Galveston,  Harrisburg  and  San  An- 
tonio Companies  to  El  Paso,  a  distance  of  92  miles. 

The  road  generally  passes  through  a  fine  stock-grazing  country,  until 
within  some  one  hundred  miles  east  of  the  Guadalupe  Mountains,  where 
the  soil  is  barren  and  dry,  with  large  quantities  of  alkali  upon  the  sur- 
face. The  want  of  good  water  is  severely  felt  over  a  considerable  por- 
tion of  the  road,  but  an  eflbrt  to  overcome  this  is  being  made  by  sinking 
artesian  wells.  On  the  western  division  of  the  road  water  has  to  be 
carried  on  tank-cars  for  long  distances  for  supplying  engines. 

Much  trouble  is  experienced  on  account  of  the  water  being  so  heavily 
charged  with  alkali,  which  not  onlj' causes  the  boiler  to  "foam"  so 
badly  that  the  engineer  cannot  ascertain  the  height  of  the  water,  conse- 
quently imperiling  the  safety  of  the  train,  but  creates  a  deposit  on  the 
tubes  which  renders  it  diflScult  to  raise  steam  sufficient  for  heavy  trains 
and  makes  it  necessary  to  clean  them  after  every  round  tri]i.  It  also 
destroys  t]»e  iron  tubes,  causing  great  inconvenience  an,d  expense.  Many 
of  the  roads  are  making  experiments  with  a  view  of  testing  the  expe- 
diency of  substituting  copper  for  iron  in  the  construction  of  boilers. 

The  couutrj^  along  the  line  of  the  new  road  is  rapidly  developing. 
One  town,  Colorado,  in  Mitchell  County,  where  less  than  two  years  ago 
there  was  not  a  house,  now  claims  1,000  inhabitants,  and  is  the  largest 
live-stock  shipping  j)oint  on  the  road. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     717 

The  equipment  of  the  ox)mpany  is  entirely  insufficient  for  the  accommo- 
dation of  its  business.  Many  train  loads  of  grain  from  California  are 
being  shipped  over  this  newly  opened  line,  the  traffic  calling  for  more 
cars  than  the  supply.  Live  stock  is  being  driven  in  from  ranches  for 
hundreds  of  miles,  and  awaiting  facilities  for  shipment.  Hundreds  of 
car-loads  of  grain  were  waiting  for  movement,  on  account  of  lack  of 
sufficient  motive  power.  Kvery  wheel  on  the  road  is  in  constant  demand, 
and  the  volume  of  business  seems  to  be  limited  only  by  the  facilities  for 
taking  care  of  it. 

It  is  proposed  to  increase  the  equipment  as  rapidly  as  possible,  until 
a  sufficient  amount  shall  have  been  obtained  to  enable  the  company  to 
handle  with  dispatch  the  rapidly  increasing  freights  offered  for  ship- 
ment. Convict  labor  in  gangs  of  from  50  to  100,  white  and  colored,  is 
employed  by  contract  with  the  lessees  of  the  State  prison,  and  road- 
masters  say  that  they  work  well,  as  compared  with  other  section  labor, 
which  is  mostly  colored.  They  receive  the  regular  rate  of  pay,  ?.  e., 
$1.15  per  day.  The  lessees  of  whom  they  are  hired,  guard  and  feed 
them,  whilst  the  railroad  foreman  or  superintendent  directs  the  work. 

Land  grant. — By  a  general  law  of  Texas  this  road,  in  common  with 
others  in  the  State,  is  entitled  to  a  land  grant  of  16  sections  (10,240 
acres)  to  the  mile. 

The  act  of  Mai'ch  3,  1871,  granted  the  company  40  sections  per  mile 
in  the  Territories,  and  20  sections  per  mile  in  California;  but  the  Texas 
and  Pacific  Railway  Company  has  as  yet  constructed  no  road  in  the 
Territories  or  the  State  of  Calilbrnia. 

From  the  sworn  statement  of  the  company  heretofore  mentioned,  the 
following  showing  of  the  financial  condition  on  Juno  30,  1882,  is  sub- 
mitted : 

Financial  condition  of  the  Ttxa*  and  Pacific  Bailtcay  Company,  June  30,  1882. 

Capital  stock : 

Authorized §50.000,000  00 

Issued 28,127,700  00 

Full  paid ti--*,  127,700  00 

LIABILITIES. 

First  niortf;;asc,  eafitem  division  bonds $3,0(19,000  00 

Con8olidat(<l  eastern  diviuion  bouiln 1>,  KU.OOO  00 

Income  and  land  ^rant  eastern  division  bonds H,  784,0<10  00 

First  mortfiaRe,  Rio  Grande  divinion 13,02H,000  Oft 

Old  land  bonds 62,000  dO 

:U. 374, 000  00 

First  mortgage  New  Orleans  Pacific  bon(l« 0,270,000  On 

School  fund  loan,  State  of  Texas 174.r.lH  Hi 

Fractional  bond  scrip,  income  bonds   17, 3"«2  71 

Interest  scrip  income  and   land  bonds,  redeemable   only  in  capital 

stock  or  land ". y44,200  00 

Fractional  land  scrip JI,3r>4  •)♦> 

Old  interest  scrip ;'>95  00 

l.lMacW) 

Accrued  interest  on  bonds  to  Jnly  1,  l^^Z 40."),  2t».'i  (Hi 

Coupon  New  Orleans  Pacific  bou("l»  due  July,  1,  l-^C* 12U,t>0  M 

Total  debt 42.977,lir>  (>1 

Capitalstock 2.'<.127,700  (K) 

Total  stock  and  debt 71,104,815  61 


718  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 

A8SHTS. 

Securities  in  treasury $1 ,  14 1, 531  06 

VnHb  in  treasury  ../. 120,102  05 

iMateriiil  uu  liaml ;540,  111  61 

AccountH  receivable $774,928  47 

Less  accounts  payable 376, 009  07 

IWa,  919  40 

Capital  stock  New  Orleans  Pacific  Railway  Company 6, 130,200  00 

Construction  accounts   representing    1,050   milea   of  constructed  and  I 

equipped  road 51,539,539  18' 

Property  account,  real  estate,  &c 41, 361  72 ' 

59,711,765  02' 

Deficit 11,393,050  59 

Also,  about  4,793,885  acres  of  land  in  the  State  of  Texas,  a  portion  only  of  whicli 
has  been  valued. 

Receipts  from  all  aouraes,  and  how  applied,  for  the  year  ending  June  30,  1882. 

By  amount  on  hand  June  30,  1861 $664,699  79 

By  receipts  from — 

Freight 3,165,724  67 

Passengers 982,160  63 

Mails 8.'),  204  46 

Express 93,306  97 

Rentals 49,930  89 

Traffic  contracts 1:59,  :593  02 

Miscellaneous 13, 284  98 

Interest 459,675  00 

Bonds,  &c 6,650,069  00 

Capital  stock 13,202,700  00 

Land  accounts 329,010  91 

Accounts,  collectible 41,122  42 

Total *. 25,876,282  74 

To  payments  for — 

Conducting  transportation 977,225  43 

Motive  power 1,379,911  13 

Maintenance  of  way 1,280,130  85 

Maintenance  of  cars 283,107  41 

General  expenses 156, 660  02 

Taxes 51,920  04 

Rentals 22,875  00 

Interest  on  bonds 1,637,085  00 

Property  and  franchises 11,121,892  80 

Bonds  and  stocks 2,886,  774  56 

Premium  and  discount 682,886  41 

Car  service l 7f^,114  50 

Sundry  accounts : 4, 153, 028  23 

Balance  on  hand  June  30,  1882: 

Cash  $120,102  05 

Material 340,111  61 

Due  from  buudriea 703, 8r>7  TO 

1,164,07136 

25,876,282  74 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 


719 


Comparative  statement  of  earnintfs  and  expenses  for  the  fiscal  years  ending  June  30,  1881 

and  1.5'^vS,  respectively. 


Tear    pn<liiis 
Juue  3u,  iigri. 


KARNIMGB. 

Passenger 

Freiijlit 

Mai) 

Express 

MisceUaneoas 

Total 

EXPF-N6K8. 

Transportation 

Maintenance  of  way 

Motive  power 

Maintenance  of  cars 

General  ezpeniies  and  taxes 

Total. , 

Net  earnings 

Average  miles  operated 

Earnings  per  mile 

Exprneus  per  mile 

Net  earnings  per  mile. . 


$n«>2,  IfiO  B3 

8,3ns,  117  6U 

Hr>,  'J04  46 

on,  3M  97 

C'J,  215  87 


Difference. 


Year    ending  I 

June  30,  1881.  iT„^,„..„„, 
llncreaiieor 

decrease. 


$712,  S93  73     Inrreaoe  . 

a,  500,  ()«;t  2«     Increase  . 

54,4!<0  77  I  Increase. 

40,245  10     lucreaso. 

23, 7B5  30  :  Increase  . 


4,  529, 005  62        3,  331, 168  18  1  Increase  . 


Amount. 


f  3A0.  VK  M 
Wj5,  034  43 
3'J,  723  «0 
5.3,061  87 
3U,  450  hi 


1, 1U7,  837  4« 


1,  055,  339  03 

1,280,130  85 

1,370,911  18 

2r!:i,  107  41 

231,  455  06 


675,907  19 
I,  009,  457  59 
615,110  00 
198,951  M 
208, 960  31 


4,  429,  !IH  3H  |      2,  768,  876  73 


Increase . 
IniTuuse . 
Increase . 
Increase . 
lucreaso . 

Increase . 


99,061  24 


562,701  43  {  Decrease 


379,  432  74 
210,673  26 
764.  Hil  13 
84.155  77 
22,  .'104  75 


1,661,567  65 


463,730  19 


1,093. 00 


$4, 147  44 

4,  056  73 


80  71 


602.00  I  Increase. 


Per 

cent. 


37.82 

33.20 

&<i.88 

131.84 

186.00 


85.95 


56.13 
10. 00 

124.33 
42.29 
10.76 


00.01 


82.41 


400.  00         81.  30 


$5,  533  50  I  Decrease 
4,  598  63  I  Decrease 


934  87     Decro.ise 


«1,S8«  06 

541  00 


35.04 
1L76 


844  16  I    003.60 


Whilst  pross  earnings  show  an  increaso  of  35.05  per  ccntnni  over  the 
year  previous,  the  net  earnings  have  deereaseil  82.41  per  cent.,  the 
operating  expenses  having  increased  CO  per  cent. 

The  secretary  of  the  company,  in  a  letter  accompanying  the  report, 
says: 

Permit  me  to  state  in  this  connection  tliut  tho  business  of  our  mad  for  the  year 
ending  June  30,  18&2,  was  largely  taken  up  witli  the  transportation  of  material  for 
the  construction  of  the  Rio  Graudo  division,  which,  owmq;  to  th"  iniportaiico  of  c<)m- 
pleting  that  part  of  tho  line  to  .a  connection  of  thf^  .Southern  Pacilic  at  El  I'aso  ;w 
gpoedily  as  possihle,  was  given  the  right  of  way  over  other  trathe  and  heavily  taxed 
the  resources  of  the  road. 

This  material  wuh  charged  at  less  than  the  cost  of  its  transportation  ;  the  expeusoa 
of  operation  therefore  appear  disproportionately  high. 

ATLANTIC  AND  PACIFIC  RAILROAD  COMPANY. 


This  company  was  chartered  Jnly  27,  ISfJO,  for  the  imiijiosc  of  con- 
structing a  road  on  the  ':55th  parallel  from  Siiriugficld,  Mo.,  to  the  I'a- 
citic  Ocean,  a  distaiuic  of  about  2,000  miles. 

That  portion  of  the  road  between  Si»riui:lu'1d  and  the  western  border 
line  of  Missouri  is  now  owned  l»y  the  Haitit  Louis  and  San  Fr.uicisco 
Railway  Company. 

The  present  Atlantic,  and  raeitie.  IJailroad  proper  i.s  being  built  finm 
Jsleta,  N.  Me.\'.,  we.stwanlly.  The  operating  otlice.s  an>  locnted  at  Al- 
buqueniue,  as  ar«^  also  the  ])rineipal  shojis  and  engine  hon«e«.  Frotu 
thence t(>  Isleta,  a  di.stanee  of  12  miles,  the  track  of  the  .\fchi.<on,  To 
peka  and  Santa  V6  Company  is  in  joint  use. 

To  aid  in  the  construction  of  this  ron«l,  the  f'Ti'«i»|  Stiti.*?  made  a  grant 


720  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

of  land  to  the  coinpauy  of  12,800  acres  to  the  mile  in  tlie  States  and 
25,(i00  acres  per  mile  in  the  Territories,  and  550,029.08  acres  had  been 
patented  to  June  30,  1882. 

As  stated  in  last  year's  report,  a  tripartite  a^eement  was  entered  into 
in  1880,  whereby  the  road  was  to  be  built  from  Albuquerque  westwardly 
under  the  auspices  of  the  Atchis^on,  Topeka  and  Santa  F6  and  the  Saint 
Louis  and  San  Francisco  companies — 

Which  have  entered  into  a  traffic  agreement  with  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Eaikoad 
Company,  pledging  the  appropriation  of  so  much  of  the  gross  earnings  derived  from 
traffic  interchanged  by  each  -with  the  western  division  of  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific 
Railroad  Company,  up  to  25  per  cent,  of  the  same,  as  may  be  necessary  to  meet  any 
deficiency  in  interest  npon  the  first  mortgage  6  per  cent,  bonds  of  that  company, 
i/s8ued  and  to  be  issue^j  to  the  extent  of  $25,000  per  mile. 

This  appropriation  is  regarded  in  the  nature  of  a  loan,  returnable  by 
the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Company  with  interest. 

The  road  from  Albuquerque  to  Canon  Diablo  was  gone  over  in  the 
early  part  of  June,  1882,  being  a  distance  of  312  miles,  and,  for  a  new 
track,  found  to  be  in  excellent  condition. 

In  some  places  the  course  of  the  stream  is  being  turned  by  throwing 
up  strong  embankments  from  one  to  two  hundred  feet  from  the  track. 
At  the  time  of  making  this  inspection  the  beds  were  all  dry,  but  serious 
and  extensive  washouts  had  occurred,  which  had,  however,  been  repaired 
at  a  cost  of  some  three  hundred  thousand  dollars. 

Just  east  of  Laguna  the  company  had  built  a  fine  timber  and  piling 
work,  supported  and  braced  with  stone,  to  prevent  the  washing  away 
of  the  track  during  the  rainy  seasons.  This  was  rendered  absolutely 
necessary  on  account  of  the  very  soft  soil,  which  readily  yields  to  the 
washing  of  the  streams. 

There  is  a  fine,  large  stone  quarry  194  miles  from  Albuquerque,  between 
Allantown  and  Sanders  stations,  which  is  being  vigorously  worked  by 
the  company,  the  material  being  used  for  ballast  and  riprapping  the 
banks  of  the"  Bio  Puerco  Eiver,  along  which  the  road  runs  for  a  number 
of  miles,  and  crosses  the  stream  frequently. 

Grass  grows  abundantly  along  this  valley,  and  the  soil  has  the  appear- 
ance of  being  susceptible  to  farming  with  good  results,  but  water  is 
very  scarce. 

At  Bluewater  Station,  107  miles  out.  there  is  a  splendid  water-tank, 
which  is  supplied  by  a  spring  in  the  hills,  4  miles  off.  At  Cubero  they 
also  have  a  water-tank,  which  is  supplied  by  springs  from  the  lava-beds 
just  above.  At  other  points  along  the  line  are  fiine  standard  tanks, 
mostly  supplied  by  wells ;  but  at  Winslows,  286  miles  out,  a  well  has 
been  driven  1,200  feet  without  finding  any  water. 

The  company  is  erecting  first-class  station  houses,  2  stories  high,  with 
conveniences  for  living  in  the  upper  portion,  the  object  being  to  prepare 
for  the  accommodation  of  business,  and  to  induce  married  men  to  enter 
the  service  as  agents,  bringing  their  families  with  them. 

Over  one  year  ago  the  company  was  buying  its  coal  at  the  Atchison, 
Topeka  and  Santa  F6  Railroad  Company's  mines  near  Eaton,  IT.  Mex., 
at  a  cost  of  about  $8.75  per  ton,  but  efforts  to  secure  a  supply  of  fael  from 
mines  along  the  company's  own  line  of  road  proved  eminently  successful, 
and  they  are  now  getting  their  entire  fuel  supply  from  mines  near  Fort 
Wingate,  at  a  maximum  cost  of  $4.50  per  ton. 

Thus  far  the  mines  have  been  worked  by  private  parties,  and  the  coal 
hauled  to  the  track  by  wagon,  but  it  is  thought  that  by  building  short 
spur  tracks  to  these  mines  the  prico  will  be  considerably  reduced. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     721 

Considerable  terminal  improvements  have  been  made  at  Albuquerque 
during  the  year,  consisting  in  part  of  a  two-story  general  office  build- 
ing of  adobe,  with  fire-proof  vaults  of  large  capacity  (the  interior  of  the 
building  is  handsomely  finished  and  furnishe<l),  a  machine-shop  12o  by 
125,  a  blacksmith-shop  80  by  125,  a  store-house,  an  oil-house,  and  an 
engine-house  (six  stalls),  all  built  of  stone  with  slate  or  iron  roofs. 

At  the  time  this  inspection  was  made,  the  company  had  on  hand  and 
ready  for  immediate  use  20,000  tons  of  SGpound  steel  rails,  and  475,000 
cross-ties.  Two  hundred  miles  of  track  were  graded  and  rea<ly  for 
rails  and  ties,  west  of  Cafion  Diablo,  and  a  300-foot  tunnel  completed. 

The  change  in  location  and  plans  of  the  bridge  at  this  noted  chasm 
delayed  the  delivery  of  the  iron  work,  and  the  bridge  was  not  com- 
pleted until  the  latter  part  of  June  or  beginning  of  July.  Since  it-s 
completion  the  company  has  forwarded  material  and  rapidly  extended 
it«  track  9G  miles  beyond  Canon  Diablo,  leaving  a  gap  from  there  to 
"The Needles,"  on  the  Colorado  River,  of  157  miles,  where  it  is  exi)ecte<^l 
to  connect  with  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  branch  of  tlie  Southern  Pacific 
Railroad,  now  being  rapidly  constructed  from  Mojave  ea.st. 

The  bridge  across  Cailon  Diablo  is  a  fine  structure,  and  reflects  much 
credit  on  the  builders.  It  is  a  deck-bridge,  comi)osed  of  plate-iron 
girders  resting  upon  trestle  bents,  with  heavy  columns  of  channel-iron, 
stBongly  braced. 

The  sides  of  the  caSon  are  of  solid  limestone,  from  which  the  material 
for  the  masonry  work  was  obtained,  and  these  stone  foundations  pre- 
sent a  picture  of  perfect  workmanship.  The  masonry  was  done  by  the 
company's  men,  the  iron  work  by  contract. 

The  base  of  the  rail  is  222|  feet  above  the  bottom  of  the  canon;  the 
total  length  of  the  bridge  is  541  feet,  composed  of  11  spans,  one  30  feet, 
one  30^  feet,  six  40  feet,  one  40J  feet,  and  two  100  feet  each.  There  are 
1,489  cubic  yards  of  cut-stone  masonry,  strongly  bonded  and  laid  in 
cement,  and  39^  yards  of  concrete.  The  cost  of  the  bridge  and  masonry 
is  about  $200,000. 

The  President  of  the  United  States  has  at  diflferent  times  appointed 
commissioners  to  examine  sections  of  the  completed  road,  and  200  miles, 
or  8  sections  of  25  miles  each,  have  been  examined  and  accepted.  Com- 
missioners have  recently  been  appointed,  and  will  probably  examine  200 
miles  more. 

The  company  reports  to  this  office  its  financial  condition  on  June  30, 
1882,  as  follows: 

Old  coMtruction,  <u8umed  January  1,  1860,  by  new  organuatioH, 

I 

LIASILITIES. 

Fnnded  debt $l,a?6,.'i34  00 

BillH  payable fWl.tifi;?  i?3 

Other  obligations t<34,86l  26 

Total  debt 3,5(0,079  09 

Capital  stock 19,7riO,:WO  00 

Total  stock  and  debt 23,203,379  09 

ASSFTS. 

Construction 121,746,834  00 

Acconnts  receivable 834, (*H1  20 

Income,  or  profit  and  loss 681,663  83 

Total 23,363,379  09 

46  Ab 


722  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

Work  of  the  reorganization. 

LIA«IUTIKS. 

Funded  <lpl»t $20,160,084  00 

Interest  on  same 1, 8^0  00 

Pay-rolls 17,f)«2  64 

Bills  and  accounts  payable - 1, 116,345  01 

locomo,  or  profit  and  loss... 16(5, 509  55 

Total 21,491,451  20 

Capital  stock 31,750,000  00 

Total  stock  and  debt 53,241,451  20 

ASSKTS. 

Construction |52,613,560  64 

Cash 469,054  51 

Land  department 15,  368  57 

Income,  or  profit  and  loss 143,467  48 

Total 53,241,451  20 

Consolidated  haldnce-slieet. 

LIABILITIES. 

Funded  debt |22,155,618  00 

Interest  on  same 1,830  00 

Pay-rolls 17,682  64 

Bills  and  accounts  payable 1,798,008  84 

Other  obligations 834,881  26 

Income,  or  profit  and  loss  (new) 186,  509  55 

Total 24,994,530  29 

Capital  stock 51,510,300  00 

Total  stock  and  debt \ 76,504,830  29 

ASSETS, 

Construction $74,360,394  64 

Cash 469,054  51 

Land  department 15, 368  57 

Accounts  receivable 834,881  26 

Income,  or  profit  and  loss 825, 131  31 

Total 76,504,830  29 

SAINT  LOUIS  AND  SAN  FRANCISCO  RAILWAY  COMPANY. 

The  Saint  Louis  and  San  Francisco  Eailway  Company  is  successor  to 
the  southwest  branch  of  the  Pacific  Railroad  of  Missouri,  chartered  De- 
cember 25,  1852. 

For  the  construction  of  this  branch  the  company  received  a  grant  of 
1,161,235.07  acres  of  public  lands,  and  the  State,  in  addition,  loaned  the 
company  $4,500,000  of  its  bonds.  Failure  to  pay  the  interest  on  the 
same  caused  the  company's  southwestern  branch  to  be  sold  in  1806  for 
$1,300,000,  and  conveyed  to  a  new  company  formed  August  17,  1866. 
The  new  company  failing  to  comply  with  its  contract  in  the  matter  of 
construction,  the  road  was  again  sold  in  1868  for  the  sum  of  $300,000, 
to  purchasers  who  were  incorporated  as  the  South  Pacific  Railroad  Com- 
pany, which  completed  the  road  to  Lebanon  in  1869,  and  to  Spring- 
field and  Pierce  City  in  1876.  The  road  was  sold  to  the  Atlantic  and 
Pacific  Railroad  Company  in  October,  1870,  which  completed  the  road 
to  Yinita,  Indian  Territory,  364  miles  from  Saint  Louis,  where  it  now 


REPORT    OF   THE    SECRETARY    OF   THE    INTERIOR.  723 

connects  with  the  Missouri,  Kansas  and  Texas  Eailroad  (now  the  Kansas 
and  Texas  division  of  the  Missouri  Pacific  Eailway). 

Aft«r  undergoing-  a  number  of  changes,  ii  scheme  for  the  reorganiza- 
tion of  the  company',  as  it  at  present  exists,  was  entered  into,  as  fol- 
lows: 

A  first  preferred  stock  to  be  created,  to  be  entitled  to  7  per  cent,  an- 
nual dividends,  after  the  payment  of  all  expenses,  improvements,  and 
interest  on  funded  debt,  and  to  be  issued  for  84,500,000,  or  sufficiently 
to  provide  for  all  past  due  coupons  on  laud  mortgage,  second  mortgage 
and  income  bonds,  and  unsecured  bonds  and  scrip. 

A  second  preferred  stock  of  $10,000,000,  to  be  created,  entitled  to  an 
annual  dividend  of  7  per  cent,  after  all  its  expenses,  interest,  dividend 
on  first  preferred  stock,  and  to  be  exchanged  for  outstanding  preferred 
stock  of  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Eailway  Company.  The  $10,500,000  com- 
mon stock  to  be  exchanged  for  common  stock  of  the  Atlantic  and  Par 
cific  Company. 

At  the  annual  meeting  held  in  Saint  Louis  March  14, 1882,  the  stock- 
holders voted  to  approve  of  the  execution  of  a  new  $30,000,000  mort- 
gage, and  also  authorized  the  completion  of  the  consolidation  of  the 
leased  roads  with  the  main  line. 

The  Saint  Louis  and  San  Francisco  Eailway  Company  is  equally  in- 
terested with  the  Atchison,  Topeka  and  Santa  ¥6  Eailroad  Company 
in  the  construction  of  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Eailway  west  from  Al- 
buquerque, N.  Mex. 

Inspection  of  the  line  fromVinita,  Ind.T.,  was  made  in  May  last,  and 
a  healthy  improvement  noticed  in  track  and  bridges. 

At  the  close  of  1881  the  total  miles  operated  by  the  company  were  695, 
of  which  457|  miles  were  laid  with  52  and  56  pound  steel  rails. 

During  1881,  46i  miles  of  st^el  rails,  56  pounds  to  the  yard,  were  laid 
in  the  main  line;  102  sets  of  switch  timbers  and  67  split  switches  were 
placed  in  the  track;  also  154,751  new  cross-ties  were  put  in. 

Arrangements  have  been  made  for  an  expenditure  of  $3,000,000  for 
extending  the  main  line  of  the  road  from  Pacific  Station  to  Saint  Louis,  a 
distance  of  37  miles,  which  will  embrace  the  cost  of  right  of  way,  build- 
ing the  road,  and  about  $1,000,000  for  real  projierty  and  improvements 
in  Saint  Louis.  The  company  is  at  present  using  the  track,  between 
these  two  points,  of  the  Missouri  Pacific  Eailway  Company. 

It  is  intended  to  make  the  track  solid  and  substantial  (67-pound  steel 
rails  will  be  laid  and  the  bridges  all  constructed  of  iron),  and  it  is 
thought  that  the  completion  of  the  work  will  add  largely  to  the  com- 
pany's revenues  and  greatly  increase  its  traffic. 

From  a  detailed  general  balance  sheet  sent  to  this  office,  the  following 
statement  is  made,  showing  the  financial  condition  of  the  company  on 
June  30,  1882 : 

LIABILITIES. 

Funded  debt $19,P93,000  00 

Interest  on  saiiio 439,742  15 

Dividends  unpaid 144,749  50 

Pay-rolls  and  vouchers 264,198  17 

Bills  and  accounts  payable 923,779  >?5 

Total  debt 21,r)r^'-.,4«9  ^^7 

Capital  stock 2r>,(KX),000  00 

Total  stock  and  debt 4t;,  OG'),  4G9  67 


724 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 


ASSETS. 

Cost  of  road  and  equipment - $44,5^3,351  09 

Cash  and  material  on  baud 4.">3, 498  64 

Stock  and  bonds  owned 1,<)1R,  008  97 

Accounts  and  bills  receivable 989,  iJ50  47 

Total 47,595,009  17 

Surplus 929,539  50 


Tear    ending 
June  30, 1882. 


Passenger 

Freight 

Mail 

Eicpresa 

Mi^ellaneons. 


Total. 


$690,  502  74 

2,331,252  93 

77, 036  79 

59,061  32 

28,417  05 


3, 187, 170  83 


EXFEK6E8. 


Transportation 

Maintenance  of  way 

Motive  power 

Maintenance  of  cars 

Greneral  expenses  and  taxes. 


Total. 


Net  earnings 

Average  miles  operated . 


Earrings  per  mile. 
Expenses  per  mile 


Net  earnings  per  mile . 


403, 417  59 
366,  677  58 
95,  ()70  55 
623,  C42  42 
153,  294  86 


1, 642, 703  00 


Difference. 


Year    endijig    

Jnne30,1881.  !j„^^^^^„^ 

decrease. 


$539,  638  .'59 

2,  398, 715  49 

C4, 180  83 

51,  378  90 

7,  939  37 


Increase . . 
Decrease. 
Increase . 
Increase  . , 
Increase . 


Amonnt. 


$1.';0,  8G4  15 

67,462  56 

12,855  90 

8,  582  42 

20, 477  08 


3,  OGl,  853  18     Increase  . 


125, 317  65 


339, 239  98 
625,  983  96 
330,  244  04 
95,  ]33  12 
109, 475  79 


1, 500,  076  89 


1,  544, 467  83 


654.31 


1, 561,  776  29 


587.  91 


Increase . . 
Decrp,ase..| 
Decrease. 
Increase . 
Inarease . 


64, 177  61 
259, 306  38 
234,  573  49 
528,  509  30 

43, 819  07 


Per 
cent. 


Increase . 


Decrease. 


Increase . 


142,  626  11 


17,  308  46 


66.40 


27.94 

2.79 

20.  02 

10.70 

257.  93 


4.08 


18.89 
41. 42 
71.01 
55.55 
40.03 


9.46 


1.08 


$4, 871  04 
2,  610  59 


$5,  208  03 
2,  551  54 


Decrease. . 
Decrease.. 


$336  99 
40  95 


66. 45 
1.56 


2,360  45 


2,  656  49 


Decrease. 


11.14 


ATCHISON,  TOPEKA  AND   SANTA  F^    KAILROAD    COMPANY. 

This  company  was  incorporated  March  3,  1873;  and  under  the  act  of 
Congress  approved  February  9,  1864,  granting  lands  to  the  State  ol" 
Kansas,  it  is  estimated  bv  the  General  Land  Office  that  it  will  be  en- 
titled to  about  3,005,870  acres.  On  June  30,  1882,  2,745,938.47  acres 
had  been  patented,  and  the  company  had  sold  to  December  31, 1881 , 
1,058,758.53  acres  for  $6,087,720.03. 

On  December  31, 1881,  the  company  was  operating  1,789.67  miles  of 
road. 

The  rolling  stock  added  during  the  year  was  94  locomotives;  94 
passenger  cars;  3,491  freight  cars;  601  hand  and  push  cars;  and  10 
miscellaneous  cars,  making  total  equipment  at  close  of  1881, 251  locomo- 
tives, of  which  77  have  automatic  break  attachments ;  194  passenger 
cars ;  8,796  freight  cars ;  1,253  hand  and  push  cars,  and  26  miscellaneous 
cars. 

There  were  accidents  on  the  road  during  1881  resulting  in  killing  or 
injuring  282  persons,  of  which  number  30  were  killed  and  252  were  in 
jured. 

The  lines  of  this  company  have  been  rapidly  increasing,  and  at  thi.s 
date  have  been  extended  from  Kincon,  K  Mex.,  52  miles  east  of  Deming, 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OP  THE  INTERIOR. 


725 


to  El  Paso,  77  miles  south,  where  it  connects  with  the  Mexican  Central 
Kailway,  which  is  completed  as  far  south  as  Chihuahua,  in  Mexico.  The 
company  anticipates  a  profitable  business  as  a  result  of  this  connection, 
the  objective  point  of  which  is  the  city  of  Mexico. 

It  has  also  made  running  arrangements  with  the  Central  Pacific  Com- 
pany for  the  use  of  its  Southern  Pacific  track  from  Deming  to  Benson, 
Ariz.,  a  distance  of  173  miles,  from  which  point  it  has  constructed 
its  New  Mexico  and  Arizona  road,  95  miles  south  to  Los  Nogales,  on 
the  Mexican  boundary  line,  where  it  connects  with  the  Sonora  Railway, 
which  extends  from  that  point  via  Hermosillo  to  Guyamas  (270  miles 
in  length),  on  the  Gulf  of  California,  in  Mexico. 

A  favorable  opportunity  occurred  for  obtaining  absolute  control  of 
the  Sonora  Railway,  of  which  the  directors  of  the  Atchison,  Topeka 
and  Santa  r6  Company  availed  themselves,  and  they  believe  that  the 
purchase  Will  prove  a  very  desirable  and  profitable  one  in  every  par- 
ticular. 

From  annual  reports  rendered  to  this  office  for  the  year  ending  De- 
cember 31, 18S1,  the  following  is  ascertained: 

Financial  condition. 

LIABIUTIES. 

Fixst-mortgage  bonds $7,041,000  00 

Other  funded  debt 13,469,000  00 

Interest  on  other  funded  debt 709,386  59 

Dividends  unpaid Z^Z''^'^  ^^ 

Bills  and  accounts  payable 5,746,053  31 

Total  debt 27,712,874  40 

Capital  stock  and  scrip 47,162,700  00 

Total  stock  and  debt 74,d75,574  40 

ASSETS. 

Cost  of  road  and  eqtiipment .^. §09,313,186  46 

Cash  and  materials  on  hand .^.  -.-• 3,0-21,943  53 

Other  stocks  and  bonds 3,  577,763  2:> 

Due  from  the  United  States 834,018  29 

Bills  and  accounts  receivable 4,196,289  82 

Total 80,943,201  35 

Surplus 6,067,626  95 

"  Following  is  a  statement  showing  eaniings  and  expenses  of  the  road 
for  the  year  ending  June  30,  1882,  as  compared  with  the  previous  year 
ending  June  30,  1881,  showing  a  decided  increase  in  all  items : 


Tear  endlns: 
Juno  30,  1S8'J. 

Tear  ending 
June  30,  1881. 

Difference. 

Increase  or 
deoreaae. 

Amount. 

Per 
cent. 

EAUNINGB. 

PassenRor ~ 

Preight 

Mail. 

$3,634,023  M 

0,785,  )2H  'iO 

240.  602  60 

278,921  04 

80.  970  07 

f2,n2,o«n  3.-; 

7,741,8.52  8!» 
1.54,072  4!> 
170.4X5  4-; 
38,742  4K 

Increase. 
Increase. 
Increase. 
Increase . 
Increase . 

$1,521,000  20 

2, 043, 275  40 

01,930  11 

108,  435  00 

42, 2a:i  50 

72.01 
2«..  SO 
.59. 44 

6:i.Gl 

Miscellaneous 

100  OU 

Total 

14,  02,^  651  5:i 

10, 217,  810  fl'J  '  Increase  . 

.!  .■1.807,834  00 

37.21 

1 . . 

— 

" 

726. 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


Year  ending 
Juno  30, 1882. 

Year  ending 
June  30,  1881. 

Difference. 

Increaso  or 
decrease. 

Amoant. 

Per 
cent. 

F.Xl'ENSIiS. 

Transportation 

$1,  on.'-,,  122  47 

4, 054,  303  03 

1, 818, 115  37 

703.  723  32 

307, 195  48 

$1,381,473  33 

2, 470, 471  47 

1,464,048  14 

495,  483  03 

245  aO'J.Sl 

Increase . . 
Increase  . . 
Increase . . 
Increase . . 
Increase . . 

$.-.23,  649  14 

1. 583,  021  56 

354,067  23 

298,  240  29 

ai,8»2  67 

.37.  87 

64.08 

24.18 

Malntfiianco  of  cars 

General  expenses  and  taxes 

60.19 
2.j.  19 

Total 

8,  878,  549  67 

6,  056,  778  78 

2,  821, 770  89 

46.58 

'       '                      

5, 147, 101  86        4, 161, 037  85  |  Increase  . .  j      98C,  004  01 

23.  C9 

1 ,  044. 33               1, 526. 75  |  Increase  . .  j             117.  58 

7.66 

Sarnmga  per  mile 

$8,  529  70 
5,  399  49 

$6, 692  52 
3,  9C7  10 

Increase . . 
Increase.. 

$1,837  18 
1, 432  39 

27.45 

Expenses  per  mile 

36.09 

Net  earniuga  per  mile 

3, 130  21  j             2, 725  42  I  Increase  .. 

404  79 

14.  d2 

SOUTHEBN  PACIFIC  RAILROAD  COMPANY. 
NOUTHEKX  DIVISION. 

Inspection  of  tlie  property  owned  and  operated  by  this  company  was 
made  in  July,  1882. 

The  length  of  road  owned  is  714.15  miles,  of  which  it  has  leased  to 
the  Central  Pacific  Eailroad  Company  553.26  miles,  leaving  1G0.89  as 
operated  by  this  company. 

The  road  is  in  excellent  condition,  and  runs  through  a  beautiful  por- 
tion of  California,  notably  that  part  through  the  Santa  Clara  Valley 
extending  from  San  Francisco  for  82  miles  to  Camadero.  Immense 
farms,  yielding  richly  in  grain,  line  the  road  on  either  side,  and  an  extra 
quality  of  stock  is  raised  in  abundance. 

The  main  line,  which  extends  from  San  Francisco  to  Monterey,  125.1 
miles,  is  almost  entirely  laid  with  steel  rails,  iron  rails  being  used  on  the 
branches,  and  is  entirely  fenced. 

Extensive  warehouses,  for  storing  and  handling  grain,  are  located  at 
convenient  points,  and  are  said  to  answer  all  requirements. 

Large  buildings  of  this  class  are  at  San  Jose,  Castroville,  and  Salinas, 
the  latter  being  8G0  feet  long  by  58  feet  wide. 

The  Pacific  Improvement  Company  has  erected  at  Monterey  the 
"Hotel  del  Monte,"  a  large  and  most  admirably  appointed  hotel,  which 
is  situated  in  the  center  of  beautifully  improved  grounds,  and  exten- 
sive arrangements  have  been  made,  at  large  expense,  for  supplying  the 
premises  with  an  ami)le  quantit^^  of  water  for  irrigating  and  other  pur- 
poses. A  large  and  commodious  bathing-house  has  also  been  provided. 
As  the  patronage  of  this  resort  is  not  confined  to  any  particular  season 
of  the  year,  the  road  derives  a  corresponding  increase  in  its  business. 
A  great  variety  of  fish  are  caught  in  abundance  in  Monterey  Bay  and 
shipped  to  San  Francisco. 

At  Soledad,  the  terminus  of  one  of  the  branches,  large  shipments  of 
stock  aie  made  to  San  Jose,  the  principal  stock  market  for  that  section 
of  til e  country. 

Til  ere  are  few  bridges  upon  the  road,  the  principal  one  being  across 
the  Pajaro  River,  and  consists  of  short  trestle  approaches  to  the  main 
structure  of  two  spans,  172  feet  each,  Howe  truss  pattern.  Work  has 
been  commenced  for  the  renewal  of  this  bridge,  wliich  has  been  built 
about  six  years. 

This  company  operates  a  short  narrow-gauge  road  from  Pajaro  to 
Santa  Cruz,  a  distance  of  22  miles,  which  was  found  to  be  in  good  con- 
dition and  doing  a  fair  business. 


REPORT  OP  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 


727 


There  are  22  bridges  on  this  branch,  or  an  average  of  one  per  mile, 
some  of  them  being  very  high,  one  95  feet  above  the  water.  Nu  guard- 
rails are  used,  with  the  single  exception  of  a  two  span  Uowe  truss  across 
a  deep  ravine,  which  is  being  strengthened,  and  is  provided  with  inner 
iron  guards.  It  is  contemplated  to  increase  this  branch  to  the  standard 
gauge  at  an  early  date. 

The  northern  (livision  of  the  Southern  Pacific  had  ten  accidents  diiriug 
the  year  ending  June  30,  3882,  resulting  in  death  or  injury  to  ten  persons. 

Three  employes  and  four  other  persons  were  killed  from  their  own 
carelessness,  and  one  passenger,  one  employe,  and  one  other  i^erson  were 
injured  from  their  own  carelessness  and  misconduct. 

From  reports  rendered  to  this  oflice,  the  following  statement  of  the 
financial  condition  of  the  company  on  June  30,1882,  has  been  compiled: 

LIABILITIES. 

First-mortgage  bonds $28,087,000  00 

Interest  on  same 25, 8()0  OU 

Pay-rolls  and  vonchera G4,  7;{y  c<i» 

Accounts  payable 2  2G0,  :!17  it'i 

Total  debt :?0,4:i7,8:>7  42 

Capital  stock 3G,  7U3, 900  00 


Total  stock  and  debt (TT,  201, 757  42 

A3SKTS. 

Cost  of  road  and  fixtures $fi2, 47 1 ,  940  Cfi 

Equipment 1,  Wi,  91 1  92 

Real  estate 642,  'iKii>  74 

Cash  and  material  on  baud Iw7,7y7  c2 

Other  stocks  and  bonds 425,000  00 

Due  from  the  United  States 3,  '.inO  13 

Bills  and  accounts  receivable 2,003,086  48 


Total 68,4:U,0citi  75 


Surplus 1,229,331  33 

The  following  is  a  comparative  statement  of  the  earnings  and  ex- 
penses for  the  fiscal  years  ending  June  30,  1881  and  1882: 


EABSIX08. 

Passenger 

Freight 

Mail  

Express 

Miscellaneous'' 


Total. 


r.Xl-KNSKS. 


Transportation 

Maiutuiiuiioe  of  way 

Motive  power 

Maioteiinnre  of  cars 

General  expenses  and  taxes  . 


Total 

Kei  earnings 

Average  miles  operated . 


Earnings  per  mile.. 
Expenses  per  iiiilu. . 

Net  eamiugs . 


Year  ending 
June  3V.  im. 


Year  ending 

Juno  30,  ma. 


$.502,  200  07 
654,187  33 

12,  400  56 

13,  502  09 
1,079,018  89 


$4r)l,782  32 

UU2.434  40 

12,400  50 

12,428  15 

1,  C80, 100  40 


2, 8«1,  368  04  I      2,  7S9,  211  89 


343,  OM  74 
167,094  98 
16fl,738  93 
4»,C90  14 
320,  349  09 


231,090  00 
141,827  04 
176, 100  r>3 
44, 575  80 

117,031  W 


Diflbrence. 


Incn^ase  or 
decrease. 


Increa."(e 
lucreiiso 


Amount. 


fA  417  75 
."41,752  93 


Inrreuao  ..( 
Docreasu-.i 


1,133  94 
1, 147  67 


IncreMe 


102, 107  05 


Per 
cent. 


11.15 


9.12 
.00 


8.70 


Tiicroano  . 
lucreaso  . 
Deereiuio 
IneroHse  . 
Iiici'ea»o  . 


II,  W7  74 

2'.,  WJ7  94 

(V  421  00 

:>,  114  28 

203, 318  01 ' 


6.18 
18,  23 

3.  04 
11.24 

17X72 


950,  560  78 


710,  694  41  j  IncreoAO  . 


L 


1,  910, 808  10        2, 048,  517  4*  I  D«croM«. 


720.96 


726. 00 


♦3,  036  07 
1,307  58 


S,  628  40 


$3,  796  .M  I  luoreoae  . 
977  02  I  Increase  . 


2. 817  02  !  DcniBM. 


239, 800  37        83. 75 


i:r7, 709  32  I       e.  72 


$140  ra 
yjo  1*6 


189  43 


3.70 
83.75 


C.73 


*  Includes  rentals  of  linos  leased  to  tlio  Ciiuiul  l'uv.'itlc. 


728  PAPEim    ACCOMPAKYI^G    THK 

SIOUX  CITY  AND  PACmC  RAILEOjLD   COMPANY. 

Tlie  road  owned  and  operated  by  this  company  runs  from  Sioux  City, 
Iowa,  to  the  Missouri  Valley  .Plinction  with  the  Chicago  and  Xorth west- 
ern Railway,  thence  across  the  Missouri  River  to  Fremont,  Nebr.,  a 
distance  of  107.42  miles.  The  company  has  leased,  and  is  extending, 
tlie  Fremont,  Elkhorn  and  Missouri  Valley  Railroad,  northwest  from 
Fremont,  of  which  it  is  now  operating  254.37  miles,  which,  with  side- 
tracks, aggregating  24.9  miles,  makes  total  mileage  operated  by  the 
company  on  June  30,  1882,  386.69. 

Of  the  107.42  miles  owned,  as  above  mentioned,  101.77  miles  have 
been  aided  by  the  granting  of  41,318.23  acres  of  laud,  all  of  which  have 
been  sold  for  a  sum  amounting  to  $200,000,  and  also  by  a  loan  of  United 
States  bonds  to  the  amount  of  $1,628,320,  running  for  a  period  of  thirty 
years  and  maturing  in  March,  1898  and  1899.  The  accrued  interest  on 
same  to  June  30,  1882,  but  which  is  not  due  until  the  maturity  of  the 
principal,  amounted  to  $1,366,598.29,  making  the  total  debt  $2,994,918.29. 

The  financial  condition  and  revenues  of  this  corporation  have  not 
been  and  are  not  now  as  i)rosperous  as  could  be  desired,  but  the  last 
year's  operations  and  the  preparations  being  made  for  future  movements 
indicate  much  greater  prosperity,  which  it  is  hoped  may  be  realized, 
but  which  has  not  yet  been  attained. 

The  crossing  of  the  Missouri  River  at  Blair,  Nebr.,  has  been  an  ex- 
pensive and  burdensome  load  on  the  company,  and  has  interfered  very 
materially  in  its  passenger  and  freight  traffic.  The  treacherous  and 
ever-shilting  currents  of  the  river,  the  ice  blockades,  and  the  consequent 
changing  of  the  track  approaches  to  the  two  transfer  steamers,  which  are 
the  only  means  of  crossing,  are  soon  to  be  done  away  with  by  the  erection 
of  a  bridge  at  an  estimated  cost  of  $  1 ,000,000.  That  this  will  be  a  j  udicious 
expenditure  is  shown  by  the  fact  that  the  actnal  ferry  expenses  for  the 
year  ending  June  30,  1882,  amounted  to  $67,782.37,  which  would  pay 
nearly  seven  per  centum  on  the  investment. 

Considering  the  importance  of  uninterrupted  transfer  during  the 
whole  year,  and  the  consequent  increase  fa  the  business  of  the  road,  it 
will  readily  be  seen  that  the  erection  of  the  bridge  is  likely  to  be  a  judi- 
cious outlay. 

The  leasing  and  extension  of  the  Fremont,  Elk  Horn  and  Missouri 
Valley  Road  will  develop  a  fine  stock  and  grain  region,  and  probably 
mineral  lands,  which  will  be  a  source  of  much  revenue  to  the  company. 

Only  the  road  owned  by  the  company  was  inspected.  The  entire  lines 
operated  are  laid  with  56pound  American  iron  rails,  and  2,640  cross- 
ties  to  the  mile. 

The  shops  at  Missoui-i  Valley  are  supplied  with  fair  machinery  for  or- 
dinary repairs,  no  material  additions  having  been  made  during  the  last 
year.  The  force  is  limited ;  materials  are  kept  in  neat  order,  with  no 
apparent  wastage,  and  a  general  tendency  towards  economy  is  manifest 

The  track  from  Missouri  Valley  to  Sioux  City  shows  improvement 
over  last  year ;  the  line  is  almost  tangent,  and  the  grade  for  many  miles 
level,  the'average  rise  being  1.2  feet  per  mile,  and  the  maximum  curva- 
ture four  degrees. 

The  cattle  guards  and  bridges  are  in  fair  condition,  but  there  are  no 
guard-rails  on  either  trestles  or  bridges.  Owing  to  the  moist  and  low 
ground  over  which  the  road  passes,  the  weeds  grow  rank  and  rapidly, 
and  have  to  be  cut  two  or  three  times  each  season. 

The  company  has  been  much  harassed  by  stock  getting  on  the  track, 
but  arrangements  have  been  made  and  material  bought  for  fencing  the 
entire  Iowa  line  with  barbed  wire  of  four  strands.    The  money  for  this 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     729 

purpose  had  to  be  raised  outside  the  regular  earnings,  Isut  it  is  thought 
that  the  interest  on  this  loan  will  be  much  less  than  the  average  cost 
per  jTsar  for  stock  killed  and  injured,  and  goods  and  persons  damaged, 
and  justifies  the  expenditure. 

On  the  owned  road  there  are  4  Pratt-truss  and  126  pile  bridges,  ag- 
gregating 12,190  feet  in  length ;  3  open  culverts,  and  136  cattle  guards. 

On  June  30  the  company  owned  12  locomotives,  of  which  5  had 
Westiughouse  air-brake  attachment ;  14  passenger  coaches ;  165  freight, 
and  111  hand,  push,  and  other  cars.  On  the  same'date  it  leased  16  en- 
gines, of  which  4  had  Westiughouse  brake;  12  passenger,  and  540 
freigbt  cars. 

During  the  year  ending  June  30, 1882,  there  were  accidents  resulting 
in  the  death  or  injury  to  44  persons,  as  follows :  2  employ^^s  and  1  other 
person  were  killed  from  their  own  carelessness  or  misconduct,  making 
a  total  of  3  killed ;  1  passenger,  33  employes,  and  2  other  persons  were 
injured  from  their  own  carelessness  or  misconduct,  and  5  employes  from 
causes  beyond  their  control,  making  a  total  of  41  injured. 

From  reports  submitted  to  this  office  the  following  statement,  show- 
ing the  financial  condition  of  the  company  June  30, 1882,  has  been  pre- 
pared : 

First  mortgage  bonds $1,628,000  00 

Interest  on  same 118,020  00 

United  States  subsidy  bonds 1,6-28,320  00 

Interest  on  same 1,366,598  29 

Pay-rolls  and  vouchers - 102,655  56 

Notes  payable 723,900  00 

Accounts  payable..... 127,494  65 

Total  debt 5,694,988  50 

Capital  stock 2,068,400  00 

Total  stock  and  debt 7,763,388  50 

ASSETS.  ====:== 

Cost  of  road  and  equipment ............. $5,426,659  18 

Cash  and  material  on  hand 121,208  45 

Company's  bonds  owned  by  company......... 500  00 

Miscellaneous  investments ........  506,200  00 

Due.from  the  United  States 64,178  19 

Applied  on  interest  accrued  on  United  States  bonds , 51,881  29 

Accounts  receivable 124,793  59 

Total  aasets 6,295,420  70 

Deficit 1,467,967  80 

Showing  increase  of  deficit  for  the  year  of  $201,303.54. 

Considerable  attention  was  paid  to  the  present  system  of  accounting 
when  the  bookkeeper  of  this  office  was  examining  the  books  and  ac- 
counts of  the  company  at  Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa.  A  very  decided  improve- 
ment was  noted,  many  practical  suggestions  having  been  adopted. 

From  an  examination  of  the  books  and  accounts  of  the  comj)any,  the 
gross  earnings  of  the  owned  line  for  the  year  ending  June  30,  1832,  were 
found  to  be $500,898  28 

The  operating  expenses 453,018  26 

Leaving  net  earnings 47,880  C2 

From  which  deduct  conatruction  and  cqaipment.. 29,433  03 

Leaves  net 18,44*»  99 

From  which  deduct  7.29  per  cent,  of  Iowa  net  earnings — the  road  from 

California  Junction  to  Missouri  Valley,5.84  miles,  is  not  subsidized....        3,392  78 

Leaves  net  earnings  on  the  sabsidized  portion — 101-i%  miles 15, 054  21 

"Fivoper  cent" „ 752  71 

J 


730 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 


The  company  claims  to  have  furnished  transportation  for  the  govern- 
ment whicli,  (»n  June  ;'.(>,  l.S.SU,  amounted  to  )i!ll(>,()i31),V„.  There  is  no 
immediate  prospect,  liowever,  of  gettinj,'  any  cash  payment  from  this 
company,  under  existing  law.  Attention  is  called  to  "Legislation 
recommended,"  page  11. 

The  following  is  a  comparative  statement  of  earnings  and  expenses 
for  two  years,  ending  June  30,  1881,  1882: 


N 

Tear  ending 
June  30,  1882. 

Tear  endiuj? 
June  30,  1881. 

Difitarence. 

Increase  or 
decrease. 

Amonnt. 

Per 
cent. 

E.\RXING8. 

$176,  732  23 

2!)6,664  12 

10, 102  53 

6, 116  09 

13,  788  15 

$102, 884  60 

327, 725  40 

10, 172  71 

5, 128  85 

8,  334  99 

Increa.se  . . 
Decrease.. 
Decrease.. 
Increase . . 
Increase  . . 

$73,  847  63 

31,  061  28 

70  18 

987  24 

5,463  16 

7L77 

Frei  "lit 

9.47 

ilail"                   . 

.69 

19.24 

65.62 

Total 

503,403  12 

454,  236  55 

Increase  . . 

49, 168  57 

10.82 

EXPENSES. 

72,  368  63 
205,  754  23 
91, 961  43 
46,  391  63 
39,  047  18 

62,043  76 
160,333  84 
78,  947  02 

13, 187  77 
28,  574  88 

Increase . . 
Increase  .. 
Increase .. 
Increase  .. 
Increase  . . 

10, 324  87 
45, 420  39 
15,014  41 
33,  203  86 
10, 472  30 

16.64 

28.32 

19.51 

251. 77 

36.64 

Total                

453,  523  10 

341,087  27  [increase.. 

114,435  83 

33.55 

47,  880  02 

113,149  28  1  Decrease.. 

65,  269  26 

57.88 

107. 42 

107.  42 

$4,  686  30 
4, 240  58 

$4,  228  60 
3, 175  27 

Increase  . . 
Increase  . . 

$457  70 
1,  065  31 

10.80 

33.55 

yet  earnings  per  mile 

445  72 

1,053  33  '  Decrease.. 

1 

607  61 

57.68 

MEMPHIS  AND  LITTLE  ROCK  RAILROAD  COlVrPANY. 

This  road  has  undergone  an  unfortunate  series  of  embarrassing 
changes  from  a  period  previous  to  its  completion  to  the  present  time. 
The  company  was  chartCTed  January  11,  1853,  and  the  road  completed 
in  January,  1874.  Defaulting  on  first-mortgage  land-grant  bonds,  Ko- 
vember  1, 1872,  the  road  was  sold  in  1873,  and  reorganized  as  the  Mem- 
phis and  Little  Eock  Eailway  Company.  This  latter  company  also 
failed,  and  was  in  turn  sold  out  in  1877.  The  purchasing  bondholders 
then  organized  the  Memphis  and  Little  Eock  Eailroad  Company  under 
the  charter  of  18o3,  and  took  possession  September  29,  1877. 

This  ofSce  has  received  a  circular,  accompanying  a  meager  report, 
giving  notice  June  24, 1882,  that  "the  Memphis  and  Little  Eock  Eail- 
road (as  reorganized),  with  all  its  tracks,  inclines,  boats,  locomotives, 
passenger  cars,  freight  cars,  hand  cars,  materials,  tools,  lands,  books, 
papers,  and  all  its  other  property,  has  been  placed  in  the  hands  of  a 
receiver  of  the  chancery  court  of  Pulaski  County,"  &c. 

The  road  encountered  serious  physical  difticulties  during  the  early 
part  of  1882,  and  it  is  stated  that  owing  to  the  Hoods  and  overflow  of 
the  Mississippi  and  tributary  streams,  the  running  of  through  trains  on 
theroad  was  prevented  from  January  21)  to  April  IG,  1882,  and  from 
that  cause  the  earnings  lor  the  tlrst  four  months  of  1882  dropped  off 
over  seventy  per  cent.  It  is  also  stated  that  a  large  extraordinary  ex- 
penditure upon  the  track  will  be  required  to  put  the  road  in  fit  condi- 
tion for  business,  and  to  repair  damages  done  by  the  floods. 


REPORT   OP   THE   SECRETARY   OF   THE   INTERIOR. 


731 


The  length  of  the  road  is  133  miles,  exteudiiig  lioiii  Argeiita,  2  miles 
from  Little  Eock,  Ark.,  to  Hopefleld,  opposite  ^remphis,  on  the  Missis- 
sipi)i  Eiver. 

The  land  granted  to  this  company  under  the  acts  of  February  9, 18o3, 
and  July  28,  iSGG,  is  estimated  to  aggregate  804,185.8  acras,  of  which 
140,955.00  acres  had  been  patented  to  June  30,  1882. 

The  rolling  stock  consists  of  14  locomotives,  18  passenger  and  274 
freight  cars. 

Owing  to  the  limited  time  at  the  command  of  the  inspection  party 
from  this  office,  the  road  was  not  gone  over  this  year. 

The  following  statement  of  earnings  and  expenses  has  been  compiled 
from  the  company's  reports : 


Passenger 

Pieight 

M«a 

Eypre.HS 

Hiacellaneous . 


Total. 


K}U>EN'6Ea. 


Transportation , 

Maintenance  of  way  , 

Motive  power , 

Maintenance  of  cars. 
General,  and  taxes 


Total 

Net  earnings... 
Miles  operated 


Eaminga  per  mile. 
Expenses  per  mile 


Net  earnings  per  mile. 


Year    ending 
June  30, 1882. 

Year    ending 
Juno  30, 1881. 

Difftrence. 

Increase  or 
decrease. 

Araonnt. 

Per 
ceat. 

.$323, 2C2  85 

280,  602  72 

12,  280  31 

23,  931  02 

590  28 

$336,  924  93 

356,  131  48 

13.  576  80 

19,  .S14  74 

1,  082  89 

Decrease.. 
DetTea.se.  - 
Decrease.. 
Increase  — 
Decrease.. 

$1.3,  602  08 

75.  32«  76 

1,  296  49 

4,  616  28 

480  61 

4.05 
21.22 

9.55 
23.92 
44.24 

610,673  18 

727,030  84  1  Decreaao.. 

86,  357  66 

11.88 

184, 742  08 
134,671  54 
82. 105  33 
18,  699  59 
58,273  13 

1.54,  2.36  45 
100, 155  05 
95,101  91 
30,  syo  84 
20,  806  56 

Increase . . 
Iucrea.se  .. 
Decrease. . 
Decrease.. 
Increase  . . 

30,  !m  23 
28,515  89 
12, 906  58 
18,200  25 
37,  466  59 

19.85 

20.86 
13.66 
49.33 

180.12 

478, 492  29 

413,  2U0  41 

Increase . . 

65,201  88 

15.80 

162, 180  89 

313,  830  43 

Decrease.. 

151.649  54 

48.33 

133 

135 



" 

$4. 745  73 
3,  544  39 

$.5,  385  41 
3,  060  74 

Decrease.. 
Increase  . . 

$639  68 
483  65 

11.88 
15.80 

1,  201  34 

2, 324  67 

Decrease. . 

1,123  33 

48.33 

Two  balance  sheets  have  been  submitted  by  the  jircsent  Receiver,  one 
exhibiting  the  finaucial  condition  of  the  railroad  coinpaiiy  on  Juii(»  24, 
1882,  and  the  other  that  of  the  road  in  receivership  on  June  30,  1882. 
Statements  are  submitted  in  the  order  named. 

June  24,  16S2. 

Li.\niLrrn:s. 

First-mortgage  honds ^2,  a->0, 000  00 

Interest  on  saiiit- I'^l.UlO  OO 

Pay-rolls  aud  vonclu'i  m :?o,  '.i'M  1X3 

Bills  and  accoiinis  !)aya!>lc 4G,  9^0  '2\i 


Total  del. I 3,0:.3,G-r.  19 

Capital  stock l,50U,U0<.t  00 

Total  stock  aud  debt 4, 503,(525  11) 

A.'-.-KIS. 

Cost  of  road  and  lixturos $4,1121,210  01 

Cash  aud  luutt  ri  x\  on  hand .'iS,  1^20  42 

Billa  aud  acconuih  nci-ivablo 40, r>;<4  IH 


Total 5,020.61)0  f.l 


Surplus. 


407,005  42 


732  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

June  30,  1882.     {Receiver.) 

LIABILITIES. 

Pay-rolls  and  vouchers $40,097  88 

Bills  and  accounts  payable 06,50,3  58 

Totiildcbt lOC.GOl  40 

ASSETS. 

Cash  and  material  on  hand $67,217  63 

Bills  and  accounts  receivable 40,231  16 

Total 107,448  79 

Surplus 847  33 

SAINT  PAUL  AND  DULUTH  RAIDROAD  COMPANY. 

Tliis  road  was  chartered  as  the  Lake  Superior  and  Mississippi  Rail- 
road Company  May  23,  1857.  It  is  estimated  that  the  originaUJand- 
grant  made  by  the  act  of  May  5, 1864,  and  amended  by  act  of  July  13, 
1866,  amounted  to  920,000  acres,  of  which  860,564.09  acres  had  been 
patented  to  June  30, 1882,  and  sales  had  been  made  to  the  amount  of 
$909,011.27. 

This  road  was  passed  over  in  the  night,  and  consequently  no  personal 
inspection  was  made. 

From  reports  rendered  this  office  to  December  31, 1881,  the  following 
information  is  derived : 


Gross  earnings,  year  18$l $732,630  25 

Gross  earnings,  year  188<J 668,777  90 

Increase 63,852  35 

Operating  expenses,  year  1881 586,350  07 

Operating  expenses,  year  1880 575,595  45 

Increase 10,754  68 

Net  earnings,  year  1881 146,280  18 

Net  earnings,  year  1880 93,182  45 

Increase 53,097  73 

Gross  earnings  per  mile  of  road,  1881 4,136  46 

Gross  earnings  per  nule  of  road,  1880 3,843  55 

Increase 342  91 

Operating  expenses  per  mUe  of  road,  1881 3,350  57 

Operating  expenses  permile  of  road,  1880 3,308  02 

Increase 42  55 

Net  earnings  per  mile  of  road,  1881 835  89 

Net  earnings  per  mile  of  road,  1880 535  53 

Increase 300  36 

There  was  expended  during  the  year  1880,  on  account  of  improve- 
ment and  additions  to  property,  including  equipment,  the  sum  of 
$300,280.82.  The  equipment  expenditures  amounted  to  $50,553.90,  of 
whicn  $6,171.54  was  for  the  Westinghouse  air-brake  application  to  all 
passenger  cars  and  engines,  $9,800  for  three  new  accommodation  cars, 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     733 

and  the  remainder  for  the  construction  of  fifty-four  new  box  freight 
cars  of  fifteen  tons  capacity. 

Eealizing  the  necessity  for  a  further  and  considerable  addition  to  the 
rolling  stock,  in  order  to  handle  the  increasing  business,  the  company 
wisely  decided  to  add  as  largely  as  its  eamiugs  and  limited  means 
would  permit,  the  result  being  that,  during  the  year  ending  June  30, 
1882,  there  wa«  expended  for  this  purpose  the  further  sum  of  $308,233.21. 

On  June  30,  1882,  the  equipment  was  34:  locomotives,  27  passenger 
coaches,  885  freight  cars,  103  hand  and  push  cars  for  use  of  trackmen, 
and  10  miscellaneous  cars. 

The  company  reports  that  for  the  year  ending  June  30, 1882,  there 
were  accidents  resulting  in  the  injury  of  but  3  persons  (employ<^'8  on  the 
road),  and  no  deaths. 

One-half  of  the  main  line  is  laid  with  5G-pound  steel,  and  the  rest  of 
the  road  with  56-pound  iron  rails.  The  ties  in  track  average  2,640 
per  mile.  There  are  124  bridges,  aggregating  a  length  of  17,723  feet, 
including  6  combination  Pratt  truss  and  1  iron-girder  bridge.  The 
road  is  fenced  for  145^  miles.  Owing  to  the  fact  that  personal  inspection 
was  not  made,  and  that  the  returns  required  by  this  office  have  be«n  only 
partially  furnished,  the  report  upon  the  property,  financial  condition, 
and  accounts  of  this  company  is  necessarily  very  limited. 

THE  PERSONNEL  AND  EXPENSE  OP  THE  BUREAU. 

The  employ6s  of  this  oflSce,  with  their  respective  positions  and  sala- 
ries, on  June  30,  1882,  were  as  follows : 

WiUiam  H.  Armstrong,  Commissioner $4,500  00 

Frank  B.  Pickerill,  bookkeeper 2,400  00 

•  William  M.  Thompson,  assistant  bookkeeper 2,000  00 

Henry  Blackstone,  engineer 2,500  00 

Thomas  Hassard  (temporary),  dranghtsman 1,500  00 

Miss  Kate  Schmidt,  copyist 900  00 

Paul  M.  Johnstone,  messenger , 4fc0  00 

On  this  day,  November  1,  1882,  the  personnel  is  as  follows : 

William  H.  Armstrong,  Commissioner $4,500  00 

Frank  B.  Pickerill,  bookkeeper 2,400  00 

William  M.  Thompson,  assistant  bookkeeper 2, 0(H)  (K) 

Henry  Blackstone,  enjiiuoer 2,  .^»00  00 

Thomas  Haasard,  cleric I,(iii0  00 

Miss  Kate  Schmidt,  copyist IKX)  00 

Paul  M.  Johnstone,  messenger 7'JO  00 

Of  the  appropriations  for  this  office  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June 
30, 1882,  amounting  to  $17,100,  the  following  sums  liavo  bcoii  exi^'uded, 
viz:  Salaries,  $14,294.76;  traveling  expenses,  $l,S(i7.0.'>;  and  contingent 
expenses,  $284.03  ;  in  all  amounting  to  $1(;,}45.82. 

The  ap])ropriations  for  the  current  Ijscal  year  ondiug  Juno  30,  1SS3, 
are  as  follows:  "yalaries,  oftice  of  the  ConiniissioiKT  of  Itaih-oads,"  for 
Commissioner,  $4,500 ;  bookkeeper,  $2,400 ;  assistant  boolckoopor,  $2,000 ; 
railroad  engineer,  $2,500;  one  clerk,  $1,600;  one  co|)yist,  $IK)0;  one 
messenger,  $720;  traveling  expenses,  $3,000;  contingont  expenses, 
$500;  and  for  books  and  cases  for  library,  $1,200;  in  all,  $10,320. 

The  estimates  which  have  been  subniitted  for  the  fiscal  y»>ar  ending 
June  30, 1884, are  as  follows:  Commissioner, $r»,0()0 ;  bookkeopcr, $2,500; 
assistant  bookkeeper,  $2,000 ;  railroad  engineer,  $2,500;  one  clerk,  $  1,6<K) ; 
one  clerk,  $1,400;  one  copj"ist,  $900;  one  messtMiger,  $720;  traveling 
expenses,  $3,000 ;  contingent  expenses,  $500;  making,  in  all,  $20,(>20. 

I  take  great  pleasure  in  commending  the  goneuil  efticicucy  of  the 


754  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

employes  of  this  ofBce.    Tlie  work  requires  the  services  of  practical  and 
skilled  accountants  and  engineers,  who  have  ably  seconded  my  efforts 
to  make  this  report  full  and  complete  in  every  respect. 
I  have  the  honor  to  bo,  sir,  very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

W.  H.  AKMSTRONG, 

Commissioner. 
Hon.  H.  M.  Teller, 

Secretary  of  the  Interior, 


EEPORT  OF  THE  COMMISSIONER  OF  PENSIONS. 

Department  of  the  Interior, 

Pension  Office, 
Washington,  D.  C,  November  1,  1883. 

Sir  :  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  herewith  the  annual  statement  show- 
ing the  operations  of  this  bureau  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 
1882. 

There  were  at  the  close  of  the  year,  June  30, 1882,  285,697  pensioners, 
classified  as  follows:  173,138  Army  invalids;  76,448  Army  widows,  minor 
children,  and  dependent  relatives;  2,361  Navy  invalids ;  1,955  Navy 
widows,  minor  children,  and  dependent  relatives;  7,134  survivors  of  the 
war  of  1812,  and  24,661  widows  of  those  who  served  in  that  war. 

There  were  added  to  the  roll  during  the  year  the  names  of  27,664  new 
pensioners ;  and  the  names  of  649,  whose  pensions  had  previously  been 
dropped,  were  restored  to  the  rolls,  making  an  aggregate  increase  to 
the  roll  of  28,313.  The  names  of  11,446  pensioners  were  dropped  from 
the  roll  for  various  causes,  leaving  a  net  increase  to  the  roll  of  16,867 
pensioners.  At  the  close  of  the  year  the  annual  pension  to  eaeh  pen- 
sioner was  $102.70,  and  the  aggregate  annual  value  of  all  pensions  was 
$29,341,101.62. 

The  annual  payments,  however,  exceed  this  sum  by  several  millions 
of  dollars;  i.  e.,  the  total  amount  paid  for  pensions  during  the  year,  ex- 
clusive of  the  arrears  due  in  pensions  which  were  allowed  prior  to 
January  25,  1879,  was  853,924,566.20,  the  diiference  being  the  arrears 
due  in  new  pensions  from  the  date  of  discharge,  in  the  case  of  a  soldier 
or  sailor,  and  from  death  of  the  soldier,  where  pension  was  allowed  to 
the  widow  or  others. 

The  amount  paid  during  the  year  upon  first  payment  to  new  pensioners 
is  $26,421,069.19;  and  this  amount  was  i^aid  to  27,703  pensioners,  averag- 
ing to  each  case  as  follows :  To  Army  invalids,  $964,05 ;  to  Army  widows, 
minor  children,  and  dependent  relatives,  $1,065.44;  to  Na\'y  invalids, 
$549.99;  to  Navj'  widows,  minor  children,  and  dependent  relatives, 
$561.59 ;  to  the  survivors  of  the  war  of  1812,  $324.19,  and  to  the  widows 
of  the  deceased  soldiers  and  sailors  of  that  war,  $208,24. 

The  complete  details  of  the  statements  will  be  found  arranged  and 
classified  in  Table  1,  with  the  value  of  pensions  allowed,  increased,  and 
dropped,  and  Table  2  will  show  the  various  causes  for  which  the  names 
of  11,446  pensioners  were  dropped;  also  an  analysis  of  the  "widows'" 
roll,  showing  the  number  of  widows  with  and  without  minor  children, 
guardians,  dependent  fathers,  and  dependent  mothers. 

The  amounts  appropriated  under  each  appropriation  head  will  be 
found  in  Table  3,  and  the  amounts  disbursed  out  of  the  same.  In  con- 
nection with  this  table  wiU  be  found  a  statement  shovdng  the  disburse- 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     735 

ments  during  the  year  (8134,823.41)  on  account  of  arrears  of  pension 
allowed  in  cases  where  pension  had  been  granted  prior  to  the  arrears 
act  (January  25,  1879),  which,  for  convenience  of  comparison,  are  kept 
separately  from  other  disbursements. 

To  correct  some  misapprehension,  wliieh  sometimes  arises,  I  refer  to 
Table  2,  showing  the  various  causes  for  which  the  names  of  pensioners 
have  been  dropped  from  the  roll.  Taking  the  invalids,  for  example, 
1,935  names  were  dropped  during  the  year  by  reason  of  death,  and  6G4 
by  reason  of  failure  to  claim  pension — the  percentage  of  deaths  being 
so  small  as  to  excite  great  surprise. 

Section  4719  of  the  Revised  Statutes  provides  that  the  name  of  a 
pensioner  sliall  be  dropped  from  the  roll  where  iiension  remains  un- 
claimed for  three  years;  so  that  in  this  class  the  larger  proportion  are 
supposed  to  be  dead.  This  will  be  illustrated  in  a  more  striking  man- 
ner by  reference  to  the  i)ensioners  of  the  war  of  1812,  1,450  n^ported  as 
having  died,  and  2,379  as  dropped  from  failure  to  claim  pension. 

Table  4  is  a  classified  statement  of  the  nuinber  of  pensioners  on  the 
rolls  of  each  agency,  and  compares  the  whole  number  of  pensioners  on 
the  roll  with  that  of  the  preceding  year,  and  shows  the  total  disburse- 
ments and  cost  of  same  at  each  agency  during  the  year. 

Table  5  is  an  interesting  exhibit  of  the  numlser  of  each  class  of  origi- 
nal claims  filed  and  allowed  during  each  year  hince  1861,  and  the  amounts 
paid  for  i)ensions  and  the  cost  of  disbursement  each  year  since  1860. 
In  this  number  will  be  represented  a  very  small  proportion  whose  claims 
were»filed  on  account  of  disability  or  death  occurring  in  wars  prior  to 
1861-'G5,  also  the  claims  for  service  during  the  war  of  1812. 

The  number  of  claims  filed  since  the  passage  of  the  first  act,  Febru- 
ary 14,  1871,  granting  pension  on  account  of  tlie  war  of  1812,  is,  for  sur- 
vivors, 34,533,  and  for  the  widows  of  those  who  served  in  that  war, 
42,123.  In  the  first  class  the  number  allowed  is  25,011,  and  in  the  sec- 
ond, 32,556.  The  whole  number  of  jiension  claims  allowed  since  1861 
is  472,776. 

Table  6  shows  the  number  of  claims  of  each  class  on  the  files  at  the 
beginning  of  the  year,  the  number  allowed  and  rejected  during  the  year, 
and  the  number  remaining  on  hand  at  the  close  of  the  year. 

I  had  caused  a  thorough  analysis  to  be  made  of  the  files  of  the  office, 
so  that  I  am  able  to  ])resent  in  an  intelligent  manner  the  number  of 
claims  of  each  class  which  are  actually  pending,  and  also  those  which 
are  rejected  or  abandoned.  Previous  to  this  report  there  ha<l  been  no 
division  of  these  two  classes,  so  that  it  was  ditlicult  to  determine  the 
number  of  actual  pen<ling  claims. 

Table  7  will  show  the  operation  of  the  special  examination  provided 
by  law  as  a  substitute  to  what  was  formerly  a  special  service  of  the 
office. 

Under  the  change  of  system  provided  by  law,  results  uppear  to  be 
most  gratifying,  and  later  on  this  subject  will  bo  referred  to  more  in 
detail. 

Table  8  gives  the  location  and  geographical  limit  of  each  pension 
agency,  the  name  of  the  agent,  and  the  balance  of  funds  remaining  in 
the  hands  of  each  agent  at  the  close  of  the  year. 

Table  9  exhibits  the  diflercut  rates  of  lu'iision  paid  to  Army  and  Navy 
invalids,  together  with  the  number  of  pensioners  of  these  classes  to  each 
rate. 

Table  10  shows  the  amounts  paid  for  pensions  on  account  of  servico 
during  the  war  of  1812  in  each  year  since  the  act  of  Congress  providing 
pensions  for  this  class.    The  first  act  was  passed  February  14, 1871,  the 


736 


PAPERS  ACCOMPANYING  THE 


general  provisions  of  which  granted  pension  for  a  period  of  not  less 
than  sixty  days'  service.  Subsequently  the  act  of  March  9, 1878,  liberal- 
ized these  provisions  and  allowed  a  pension  for  fourteen  days'  service. 

Table  11  shows  the  number  of  late  war  invalid  pensions  allowed  year 
by  year  since  1861,  classified  and  arranged,  so  that  in  each  year's  allow- 
ance it  is  shown  in  what  year  the  claims  were  filed  for  all  the  preceding 
years,  as  well  as  the  one  in  which  such  allowance  was  made.  It  also 
shows  the  total  number  allowed  out  of  each  year's  filing. 

The  work  of  compiling  this  information  has  been  considerable,  and  I 
have  not  been  able  to  show  corresponding  results  for  the  widows,  minor 
children,  and  dependent  relatives'  class,  but  I  hope  to  be  able  to  do  so 
in  the  future. 

If  the  number  of  claims  reported  allowed  each  fiscal  year,  in  this  table, 
shall  be  compared  with  these  in  the  several  annual  reports  of  the  Com- 
missioners of  Pensions,  a  small  discrepancy  will  be  noticed  in  each  year. 
This  is  accounted  for  by  the  elimination  of  the  old  war  invalid  pensions, 
also  such  cases  as  had  in  former  years  been  allowed  and  were  afterwards 
discovered  to  be  duplicates,  amounting  to  some  few  hundreds  in  all,  but 
the  results  now  reported  may  be  regarded  as  at  a  minimum. 

Some  valuable  information,  never  before  reduced  to  substantial  results, 
1  have  also  presented  in  this  table,  i.  e.,  the  percentage  of  cases  allowed 
up  to  the  present  time  out  of  the  number  filed  each  year  since  1861. 

It  will  be  seen  by  computation  that  of  all  claims  file<i  prior  to  July  1, 
1872,  75  per  cent,  have  already  been  allowed,  and  though  this  terminal 
point  is  ten  years  ago,  it  does  not  represent  the  maximum  of  the  pum- 
ber  which  will  be  allowed  out  of  the  cases  filed  during  the  time  stated. 
As  an  illustration  of  this,  a  reference  to  the  table  will  show,  that  during 
the  year  just  closed  3,007  claims  (or  13  per  cent,  of  those  allowed)  were 
filled  during  the  twelve  years  ending  June  30,  1872. 

Herewith  I  add  a  table  analyzing  the  one  referred  to,  which  com- 
pares, by  percentage,  the  work  of  this  with  former  years  from  1872  to 
1882,  inclusive,  showing  the  per  cent,  of  claims  allowed  during  the  same 
yoar  in  which  they  were  filed,  and  for  the  first,  second,  third,  fourth, 
fifth,  sixth,  and  seventh  year  preceding,  also  for  the  fidl  time  (in  aggre- 
gate) prior  to  the  seventh  year  period  back  to  1881. 


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allowed  and  since  1661. 

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Pr.et. 

Pr.  ct. 

Pr.  ct. 

Pr.  ct. 

Pr.  ct. 

Pr.ct. 

Pr.ct. 

Pr.ct. 

Pr.ct 

1882.... 

.5 

.6 

43.4 

21.5 

6.1 

4.6 

4.0 

2.4 

16.4  in  the  thirteen  years  preTions  to  1874. 

1881.... 

.7 

11.2 

37.1 

11.4 

7.5 

5.8 

3.6 

2.3 

20.1  in  the  twelve  years  previous  to  1873. 

1880.... 

2.7 

27.6 

las 

10.9 

7.7 

4.6 

3.3 

2.6 

21.6  in  the  eleven  years  previous  to  1872. 

1879 

10.9 

36.3 

20.6 

8.5 

3.8 

2.6 

1.7 

2.1 

13  0  in  the  ten  years  pre\-iou8  to  1871. 

1878.... 

12.4 

36.3 

25.2 

5.7 

3.3 

3.4 

2.9 

1.7 

- 14.7  in  the  nine'  years  previous  to  1870. 

1877.... 

10.9 

36.5 

16.4 

8.3 

6.4 

3.8 

2.0 

2.7 

12.5  in  the  eisht  years  previous  to  1869. 

1876 

12.0 

43.1 

11.6 

6.5 

5.3 

4.1 

3.2 

2.3 

11.5  in  the  seven  years  previous  to  1868. 

1875.... 

17.3 

34.6 

12.4 

6.8 

6.4 

5.0 

2.6 

1.6 

12  9  in  the  six  years  previous  to  1867. 

1874.... 

14.3 

31.9 

18.4 

7.9 

7.9 

3.2 

3.1 

2.6 

10.2  in  the  five'years  previous  to  1866. 

1873.... 

21.2 

26.1 

16.8 

12.7 

4.7 

3.1 

5.6 

4.0 

5.3  in  the  four  years  previous  to  1865. 

1872.... 

7.2 

32.3 

27.2 

8.1 

3.6 

5.7 

7.3 

3.2 

5.0  in  the  three  years  previous  to  1864. 

Taking  the  year  1882,  we  find  that  five-tenths  of  1  per  cent,  of  the 
number  allowed  were  filed  during  the  same  year,  six-tenths  of  1  per 


KEPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     737 

cent.,  were  filed  in  the  year  previons  (l^Sl),  and  the  second  year  previous 
(1879)  43.4  per  cent.,  and  so  on;  also  that  prior  to  the  seventh-year  i>eriod, 
which  was  the  thirteen  years  preceding  July  1,  1874,  16.4  per  cent,  of 
the  cases  were  filed. 

Taking  this  latter  (16.4),  and  we  find  that  of  the  cases  allowed  in  1S81 
20.1  per  cent,  were  filed  previons  to  the  seventh-year  period,  being  the 
twelve  years  ending  June  30,  1873,  and  for  the  year  1880  it  was  21.6 
per  cent,  for  the  eleven  years' ending  June  30,  1872. 

Retferring  again  to  1882  we  find  the  16.4  i)er  cent,  referred  to  shows  a 
falling  ofi'  for  this  earlier  period,  notwithstanding  an  additional  year  and 
two  years  respectively  are  added  to  it;  and  it  illustrates  how  the  work 
of  the  oftifte  is  being  concentrated  towards  the  gieat  block  of  claims 
which  were  filed  in  1879  and  1880.  It  will  be  remembered  that  the  ar- 
rears act  was  passed  at  the  commencement  of  the  last  half  of  the  fiscal 
year  of  1879  (January  25),  and  the  limitation  granting  arrears  expired 
with  the  year  1880.  Of  the  claims  filed  since  June  30,  1880,  less  than 
1  per  cent,  have  been  allowed,  and  these  for  grave  and  sufficient  rea- 
sons which  justified  special  action. 

In  the  claims  filed  during  the  years  1879  and  1880,  there  have  been 
allowed  43.6  and  11.2  per  cent,  respectively  out  of  the  numbers  36,835 
and  110,673  claims  of  invalids  which  were  filed  during  those  years.  It 
should  be  remembered  that  these  statements  refer  only  to  the  late  war 
invalid  claims. 

Table  12  is  an  exhaustive  exhibit  showing  the  number  of  claims  made 
for  pension  on  account  of  the  late  war,  of  invalids,  widows,  children, 
mothers,  and  fathers;  the  numbers  which  have  been  admitted,  and  are 
now  pending.  Out  of  the  whole  number  admitted  and  })ending  it  is 
shown  in  each  those  who  are  and  those  who  are  not  entitled  to  arrears. 
The  information  collated  in  this  table  is  arranged  by  each  regimental 
organization,  and  the  totals  of  each  arm  of  military  service  in  each  State 
and  Territory.  For  a  more  particular  description  your  attention  is  in- 
vited to  the  title  "  Pension  Population"  on  page  23  of  the  rei)ort. 

Table  13  shows  the  number  of  pensioners  upon  the  roll,  the  annual 
value  of  such  roll,  and  the  amount  actually  paid,  including  arrears,  for 
the  year  ending  the  payment  of  June,  1882,  classified  and  arranged  so 
that  the  same  is  exhibited  in  each  county  by  congi'essional  districts  in 
each  State  and  Territory. 

This  information  was  first  called  for  by  a  resolution  of  the  Senate  and 
was  published  in  Senate  P^xecutive  Document  No.  152,  first  session  Forty- 
seventh  Congress,  showing  the  condition  of  the  roll  to  and  including  the 
September  (1881)  payments.  I  have  since  had  the  same  revised  and 
brought  down  to  the  June  (1882)  payment. 

Table  14  contains  the  names  of  the  surviving  widows  of  Revolutionary 
soldiers  and  sailors  who  are  pensioners,  and  their  place  of  residence,  as 
shown  by  the  roll,  at  the  close  of  the  fiscal  jear. 

EFFICIENCY  OF  THE  BUREAU. 

The  commencement  of  the  last  fiscal  year  found  this  office  with  several 
troublesome  (piestions  to  face;  and  many  disastrous  occurrences,  and 
dilficulties  iollowing  difficulties,  combined  to  rendeir  the  beginning 
inauspicious.  I'irst,  a  large  «lischaige  of  clerks  became  necessary 
owing  to  the  inordinate  size  of  tiie  rolls  as  compared  with  the  appro- 
priations for  the  fiscal  year  then  beginning;  tlic  assassination  of  the 
President  caused  an  almost  total  suspension  of  business,  and  a  dis- 
tinction of  the  attention  of  clerks  from  their  work  to  such  an  extent 
47  Ab 


738  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

that,  at  that  iline,  more  than  a  week  was  consumed  before  it  could 
again  in  any  degree  be  concentrated  upon  the  work  of  the  office;  so 
that  it  may  safely  be  stated  that  on  this  account  alone,  in  the  month 
of  July,  fully  one  week's  work  was  lost.  The  incoming  of  a  new  admin- 
istration of  the  office,  and  the  disorganization  which,  to  some  extent, 
always  follows  such  a  change,  combined  with  the  knowledge  that  a 
large  number  of  discharges  was  impending,  militated  also  against  the 
efficiency  of  the  oflice  for  some  time.  Later  on,  after  the  discharges  had 
been  made  and  the  force  had  settled  down  to  work,  it  was  found  neces- 
sary to  take  an  inventory  of  the  office,  in  order  that  accurate  knowledge 
might*be  had  as  to  the  condition  of  its  business.  This  consumed  one 
mouth.  Following  this  came  the  fluctuations  between  life  artd  death  of 
the  Chief  Magistrate,  and  the  succeeding  obsequies,  during  which  sad 
time  no  one  could  work — so  that  it  was  about  the  1st  of  November  be- 
fore the  solid  work  for  the  year  began.  I  estimate  that,  by  reason  of 
the  various  disturbances  alluded  to,  not  less  than  two  months'  time,  be- 
tween the  1st  of  July  and  the  1st  of  November,  of  the  whole  force  of 
the  office  was  practically  lost  to  the  settlement  of  claims.  From  that 
point  on  the  efficiency  of  the  office  daily  increased,  and  the  result  of 
its  work  at  the  end  of  the  year  was  exceedingly  encouraging,  showing, 
as  heretofore  stated,  a  disposal  of  over  59,000  cases.  Much  of  this  ef- 
ficiency I  attribute  to  the  unusual  and  most  satisfactory  confidence  ex- 
hibited by  Congress  in  the  bureau  and  its  officers,  and  the  certainty 
felt  througjiout  the  office  that  its  labors  were  being  appreciated.  It  is 
impossible,  I  tiud,  to  reach  perfection  in  the  administration  of  so  large 
and  imi)ortant  an  office;  but  1  suppose  it  can  be  safely  stated  that  in  no 
department  of  the  government  is  there  a  more  conscientious  discharge 
of  duty  by  the  employes  and  officers  than  in  this  bureau.  There  has 
been  practically  no  change  in  the  organization  of  the  office  since  that 
mentioned  in  my  last  annual  report;  and  to  accommodate  the  force 
granted  by  Congress  the  organization  then  made  has  been  simply  broad- 
ened to  receive  the  new  accessions,  and  I  think  no  reorganization  will 
be  necessarj'. 

PROPOSED  MODIFICATIONS   OF  LAW. 

Availing  myself  of  the  long  experience  and  high  abilities  of  my  chiefs 
of  divisions  and  other  officers,  and  recognizing  also  the  fact  that  none 
are  so  competent  to  point  out  defects  in  existing  law  as  those  who  are 
daily  engaged  in  its  application  to  the  business  for  which  the  laws  have 
been  framed,  I  have  called  upon  and  received  from  these  officers  some 
most  valuable  and  practical  suggestions,  which  I  shall  condense  with 
gome  of  my  own,  and  offer  by  way  of  amendment  to  existing  law,  in 
order  to  make  the  administration  of  the  Pension  Office  more  efficient 
and  more  conducive  to  the  end  for  which  it  was  intended. 

OLD  WAR   CLAIMS. 

I  would  suggest  that  the  acts  of  March  16,  1802,  section  14,  and  sec- 
tion 7  of  the  act  of  March  3,  1815,  and  other  supplementary  acts,  be  re- 
enacted  by  way  of  amendment  to  section  1039  of  the  Ilevised  Statutes, 
for  the  reason  that  considerable  difficulty  has  been  experienced  in  the 
disposal  of  invalid  claims  based  upon  disabilities  originating  prior  to 
March  4,  1861,  owing  to  the  fact  that  the  old  military  establishment 
acts  above  referred  to  were  not  re-enacted  in  the  Eevised  Statutes,  as  it 
seems  to  me  they  should  have  been.  This  recommendation  will  serve  to 
call  the  attewtiQii  of  Congress  to  certain  acts  omitted  in  the  revision  of 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     739 

the  laws,  and  when  they  shall  take  notice  of  the  same  I  will,  if  desired, 
appear  before  the  committee  and  point  out  more  particularly  these  and 
other  laws  which  should  be  rc-eiuicted. 

I  recommend  the  repeal  of  section  1636,  inasmuch  as  it  is  practically 
covered  by  the  provisions  of  section  4732  of  the  Ilevised  Statutes,  and 
is  only  calculated  to  mislead  and  confuse. 

BOUNTY-LAND   LAWS. 

In  rcfjard  to  the  bounty-land  laws,  I  think  that  they  should  be  generally 
remodeled  and  simplified.  The  mistakes  made  in  the  codilication  of 
the  laws  as  found  in  the  Revised  Statutes  should  be  corrected,  and 
changes  should  be  made  to  equalize  the  benefits  to  all  the  classes  of 
persons  to  whom  title  is  already  given  under  the  law.  Especially  should 
the  following  sections  be  amended,  viz : 

1.  Sections  2418  and  2419,  so  as  to  separate  the  provision  relating 
to  the  Mexican  war  (under  act  of  February  11,  1847,  and  its  amend- 
ment of  May  27,  1848)  from  the  provisions  of  the  equalizing  act  of  Sep- 
tember 28,  1850.  As  it  stands  now  the  language  of  the  section,  to- 
gether with  the  repealing  provisions  of  the  IJevised  Statutes,  seem  to 
cut  off  certain  classes  who  were  jjrovided  for  by  the  old  law,  February 
11,  1847;  but  the  old  law  was  in  the  nature  of  a  contract,  and  it  is  not 
therefore  proper  in  any  way  to  curtail  its  provisions.  Tlio  provisions 
of  section  2418  (in  so  far  as  it  re-enacts  the  provisions  of  the  cqnalizing 
act  of  September  28,  1850)  should  be  extended  so  as  to  give  the  full 
benefit  of  sections  2425  to  2427,  inclusive,  to  the  very  small  class  of  per- 
sons now  provided  for  under  section  2418,  who  do  not  already  come  un- 
der section  2425,  et  seq.  Almost  the  only  change  it  would  make  would 
be  to  give  a  warrant  for  160  acres  to  a  few  fathers,  mothers,  brothers, 
and  sisters  (on  a  service  of  fourteen  days,  or  battle  service)  who  lue  now 
entitled  to  warrants  of  varying  amounts,  from  40  acres  to  160  (accord- 
ing as  the  service  of  soldier  was  one  month,  six  months,  or  twelve 
months). 

2.  Section  2420  should  l)e  so  modified  as  to  give  the  succession  to  the 
minors  upon  the  remarriage  as  well  as  upon  the  death  of  the  widow,  in 
case  there  are  minors;  provided,  that  Miiere  there  are  no  minor  chil- 
dren the  widow's  title  may  return  to  her  on  her  again  becoming  a  widow. 

3.  Sections  2439  and  2440  should  be  so  amended  as  to  make  it  the 
duty  of  the  General  Land  Othce  to  take  all  the  testimony  upon  which 
duplicate  laml  warrants  shall  be  issued,  the  Pension  Ottice  to  issue  such 
duplicate  upon  the  certificate  of  the  Commissioner  of  the  General  Land 
Office  and  the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  thereon,  and 
deliver  the  same  to  the  said  Commissioner  of  the  General  Land  Office, 
as  a  voucher  to  bo  i)laced  upon  his  files,  or  for  delivery  to  the  person 
entitled  to  its  possession.  This  is  a  question  which  you  have  had  under 
consideration  for  some  time,  and  I  therelore  do  not  deem  it  necessary  to 
set  forth  all  the  reasons  why  I  think  that  such  a  change  should  be  made. 
I  will,  however,  state  one  inii)ortant  reason;  that  is,  that  all  questions 
relating  to  the  assignments  of  warrants  belong  to  the  General  Land  Of- 
fice to  settle,  iis  has  been  au,thoratitively  declared,  and  such  questions 
are  the  principal  ones  to  be  settled  in  the  issuing  of  almost  every  dupli- 
cate ever  asked  for,  in  order  to  determine  into  whose  possession  to  de- 
liver the  du])licate  wlien  issued,  «S:c. 

4.  Sections  2444  an«l  2445  should  be  so  amended  as  to  be  in  harmony 
with  the  last  ])aragraph  of  section  2418,  and  with  section  2428,  Kevised 
Statutes,  so  that  where  there  are  any  of  the  heks  of  the  soldier  whose 


740  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

succession  is  provided  lor  in  sections  2418  or  2428,  the  provisions  of 
sections  2444  and  2445  shall  not  apply,  but  the  title  sliall  succeed  in  the 
order  designated  in  sections  2418  and  2428.  The  practice  of  the  office 
has  been  generally  in  accordance  with  the  suggestions  made  herein, 
but  the  letter  of  the  law  leaves  room  for  doubt,  a  fact  which  has  been 
taken  advantage  of  by  those  prosecuting  claims  to  the  considerable  an- 
noyance of  the  office. 

LATE  WAR  PENSIONS. 

I  recommend  that  section  4693  of  the  Eevised  Statutes,  which  per- 
tains to  irregular  enlistments  (non-enlisted  persons),  and  which  grants 
pensions  to  certain  classes,  be  amended  so  as  to  extend  the  benefits 
conferred  by  it  to  wounds  and  injuries  received  or  disease  contracted 
by  non-enlisted  men  serving  as  scouts,  by  virtue  of  the  authority  of  any 
general  officer,  and  to  certain  classes  of  employes  of  the  Quartermas- 
ter-General's Department,  who  were  subjected  to  unusual  hardships 
and  dangers;  and  I  would  also  recommend  the  repeal  of  the  last  clause 
of  said  third  paragraph,  as  it  imposes,  in  my  opinion,  an  unjust  limita- 
tion upon  a  frequently  worthy  class  of  applicants.  I  think  the  whole 
paragraph  should  be  remodeled  so  as  to  define  more  clearly  the  classes  to 
be  benefited.  Paragraph  2  of  said  section  should,  I  think,  be  amended 
so  as  to  be  more  specific  in  its  definition  of  its  beneficiaries,  and  should 
define  more  clearly  what  is  meant  by  the  term  "  war  vessel." 

GENERAL-SERVICE  ENLISTMENTS. 

Some  difficulty  in  the  application  of  the  provisions  of  section  4694 
of  the  Revised  Statutes  has  been  encountered,  owing  to  the  indefinite- 
ness  and  varied  constructions  of  the  term  "  military  post,"  «&;c.  I  would 
suggest  that  such  an  amendment  to  this  section  be  made  as  will  clearly 
and  specifically  define  the  meaning  of  the^erm  "  military  post,"  and 
also  fix  the  practice  as  regards  the  pensioning  of  men  who  were  en- 
listed in  the  general  service  and  detailed  to  do  duty  at  Washington  City 
and  other  posts. 

RANK  AND  GRADES  OF  PENSION. 

Section  4695  of  the  Eevised  Statutes,  which  fixes  the  various  grades 
of  pension,  might  well  be  amendetl  so  as  to  provide  a  more  equitable 
distribution,  and  to  comport  with  the  actual  disabilities  of  pensioners. 
In  fact,  the  time  has  come,  in  my  opinion,  when  Congress  should  give 
a  thoughtful  consideration  to  the  entire  regrading  of  pensions,  making- 
disability,  rather  than  rank,  the  measure  of  the  pension.  There  can 
exist  no  good  reason  in  pensioning  a  volunteer  force,  when  for  the  same 
disability  a  lieutenant-colonel  shall  receive  thirty  dollars  per  month, 
and  a  private  soldier  but  eight ;  both  having  been  drawn  from  and  re- 
turned to  the  same  walks  of  civil  life..  This  subject  is  one,  however, 
which  requires  a  careful  and  searching  investigation;  and  I  simply 
make  this  suggestion  in  the  hope  that  Congress  may  take  such  steps  as 
■will  eventually  bring  about  an  entire  change;  one  which,  in  my  opinion, 
if  carefully  done,  will  prove  advantageous  alike  to  the  pensioner  and 
the  government. 

In  this  connection  I  would  respectfully  call  attention  to  the  statistics 
exhibited  by  Table  No.  9.  The  astonishing  fact  is  there  shown  that 
there  ai'e  117  different  grades  of  pension  now  being  paid  to  pensioners. 
In  this  brief  report  I  can  hardly  refer  to  the  causes  which  have  brought 
this  about,  but  would  state  that,  in  my  opinion,  the  almost  constantly 


REPORT  OP  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     741 

varying  scale  provided  by  new  legislation,  some  of  which  reaches  but 
a  small  and  others  a  larger  class,  makes  the  rule  of  grading  a  constantly 
shifting  one.  This,  in  my  opinion,  will  be  remedied  by  the  change  re- 
ferred to. 

So  long  as  the  amount  of  pension  is  fixed  by  rank,  I  respectfully  rec- 
ommend the  amendment  of  section  4696  of  the  Ke\ised  Statutes  by  strik- 
ing out  the  words  "  that  5.  vacancy  existed  in  the  rank  thereby  conferred." 
The  effect  of  this  amendment  will  be  to  give  an  officer  the  benefit  of 
his  actual  rank,  notwithstanding  the  fact  that  there  was  no  technical 
vacancy  at  the  time.  It  is  within  the  experience  of  every  officer  that, 
had  the  actual  minimum  number  of  men  required  by  the  Army  regula- 
tions for  each  company  been  strictly  regarded  in  commissioning  volun- 
teer officers,  many  commands  would  have  been  without  commissioned 
officers  during  a  good  part  of  their  service.  It  is  but  fair,  so  long  as 
the  grade  of  pension  is  controlled  by  the  rank  held,  that  the  pensioner 
should  have  the  benefit  of  his  actual  service  in  the  grade  for  which  he 
held  commission. 

INCREASE  A^'D  ERRORS  IN  RATING, 

I  wish  to  renew  my  recommendation  regarding  the  amendment  of 
section  4G08i,  which,  in  its  administration,  I  find  very  often  works  great 
injustice  to  worthy  pensioners.  In  the  cousideiation  of  so  vast  a  num- 
ber of  claims  as  is  i^resented  to  this  office,  mistakes  and  errors  in  rating 
are  almost  inevitable,  and  this  section  has  been  so  construed  as  to  pre- 
clude the  possibility  of  a  correction  of  many  of  them.  I  tlierefore  rec- 
ommend that  section  4698^  be  repealed,  and  an  act  passed  in  lieu  thereof 
containing  substantially  the  follo\\ing  provisions:  If  any  invalid  pen- 
sioner shall  feel  that  his  pension  is  not  comnu'usurate  witli  the  degree 
of  his  disability,  either  because  it  has  been  imi)roperly  rated  by  the 
Commissioner  of  Pensions,  or  because  the  disability  for  which  he  was 
pensioned  has  increased,  or  because  of  another  disability  incurred  in 
the  service  for  which  he  is  not  pensioned,  he  may  appeal  to  the  Com- 
missioner of  Pensions  for  a  rerating  or  an  increase,  as  the  ciuse  may  be, 
at  any  time  within  one  year  immediately  following  the  original  adjudi- 
cation; and  said  application  shall  be  construed  and  determined  in  the 
same  manner  as  was  his  original  application,  so  far  as  such  jtroceeding 
shall  be  applicable  to  the  case.  And  the  Commissioner  of  Pensions 
shall  cause  any  invalid  jx'iisioner  to  be  examined  by  a  board  of  surge<ms 
as  often  as  he  shall  deem  it  for  the  interest  of  the  government,  or  of  the 
pensioner;  and  if,  upon  such  examination,  it  shall  appear  that  the  i)en- 
sion  enjoyed  bv  the  pensioner  is  not  according  to  the  degree  otdisabilit^', 
and  that  such  disal)ility,  in  its  nature,  has  been  i)ennaneiit  in  the  same 
degree  as  then  found,  the  same  shall  be  readjusted  and  related  according 
to  right  and  justice;  jirovided,  that  in  ca.se  where  increase  is  granted 
for  the  reason  that  the  disability  has  incn'ased  sinct*  the  pension  was 
last  rated  by  the  Commissioner  of  I'ensions,  such  increase  shall  com- 
mence at  the  date  of  the  filing  of  the  api>licati()n  therefor;  and  provided 
further,  that  if  the  disability  has  not  changed,  in  degree,  since  discharge, 
such  increase  or  rating  shall  commence  on  the  «lateat  which  the  original 
pension  began;  i)rovi(icd  further,  that  all  api)lications  for  increase  on 
the  giound  that  the  i)ension  has  been  improperly  rated,  made  and  lih'd 
more  than  one  year  after  such  alleged  imjuoper  rating  was  fixed  by  the 
Commissioner  of  Pensions,  shall  be  treat«'d  and  settled  as  in  the  case  of 
inci'ease  claims  on  the  ground  of  increasid  disabilit\,  and  the  Commis- 
sioner of  Pensions  is  authorized  to  correct  at  any  time,  on  his  own  mo- 


742  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 

tion  and  without  ii])i>li('ati(ni,  a  juanilust  error  comuiitted  at  any  tiino  in 
the  ratiiij::  of  any  pension. 

It  should  be  enu(5t(Mlthat  the  "  permanent  apecilic  disability  "meutioned 
in  section  4008^  of  tlie  lievised  Statutes  be  construed  to  refer  to  anj' 
disability,  iierinanent  in  its  character,  and  the  increase  of  i)ension  there- 
for to  commence  from  the  date  of  application,  and  at  the  rate  in  which 
it  exists  iu  a  permanent  degree. 

WIDOWS  AND  minors'  PENSIONS. 

Section  4702  of  the  Revised  Statutes  was  amended  in  several  very  im- 
portant particulars,  at  the  last  session  of  Congress,  and  re-enacted  as 
amended.  Of  course  it  is  not  the  intention  of  Congress  to  thereby  take 
this  class  of  claims  out  from  under  the  operations  of  the  limitation  im- 
posed by  the  act  of  IMarch  3, 1879,  but  such  a  construction  has  been  sought 
to  be  put  upon  the  said  recent  act,  and  I  therefore  recommend  the  enact- 
ment of  a  proviso,  expressly  declaring  that  said  section  is  subject,  in  all 
respects,  to  the  limitations  of  the  said  act  of  March  3, 1879.  I  would  also 
recommend  that  the  same  be  further  amended,  so  as  to  entitle  minor 
children  to  pension  from  the  date  of  the  soldier's  dea  th,  where  the  widow 
has  remarried  prior  to  July  1,  1880,  without  having  received  any  pension 
on  account  of  such  soldier's  death. 

DEPENDENT  RELATIVES. 

In  the  application  of  section  4707  to  the  thousands  of  cases  of  depend- 
ents now  under  consideration  in  the  Pension  Oflice,  it  is  noticed  that 
great  injustice  seems  often  to  be  done  to  a  worthy  class  of  pensioners 
by  the  narrow^  construction  of  it  made  necessary  by  its  terms.  As  it 
now  stands,  there  is  no  discretion  left  with  the  Commissioner,  but,  on  the 
contrary,  actual  dependence  must  be  proven,  in  the  manner  specified 
iu  the  statute,  to  have  existed  at  or  before  the  soldier's  death.  I, shall 
C(fntent  rnyself  with  one  illustration  of  the  above  remark,  which  I  hope 
may  attract  the  attention  of  Congress:  A  widowed  mother,  in  the  enjoy- 
ment of  a  competence,  and  otherwise  in  ordinary  circumstances,  gives  her 
onh/son  to  the  defenseof  the  country.  She  has  fitted  him  in  every  way  to 
become  her  prop  in  life,  when  she  shall  have  advanced  to  a  greater  age,  or  to 
adegree  of  helplessness  which  would  require  his  maintenance  and  support. 
The  son  is  killed  iu  battle;  he  does  not  in  fact  contribute  to  the  support 
of  his  mother  at  the  date  of  his  death,  but  in  reality  has  been  supported 
by  her  up  to  the  time  of  his  enlistment.  Increasing  years  and  adver- 
sity overtake  the  mother,  and  she  becomes  dependent  upon  the  charity 
of  friends.  Had  the  son  lived,  this  would  not  have  been  the  ease,  and 
yet  we  are  obliged  to  deny  her  a  pension  because,  at  the  date  of  the  sol- 
dier's death,  it  cannot  be  shown  that  she  was  dependent  upon  him  for 
support,  in  whole  or  in  part.  The  mere  statement  of  such  a  case,  it 
seems  to  me,  carries  with  it  the  argument  to  convince  all,  that  there  is 
a  necessity  for  an  amendment  to  this  section. 

COMMENCEMENT  OF  OLD  WAR  PENSIONS. 

In  order  to  carry  out  the  full  and  evident  intention  of  Congress,  as 
exhibited  by  the  whole  course  of  pension  legislation,  and  especially  by 
the  more  recent  acts,  and  to  place  old  war  claims  more  nearly  upon  the 
same  footing  as  those  of  the  late  war,  I  would  suggest,  that  the  limita- 
tion contained  in  section  4713  be  removed,  so  that  cases  barred  by  tiie 
three-year  limitation  shall  have  their  date  of  commencement  at  the  time 
of  filing  the  applicatiouj  rather  than  at  that  of  the  tiling  of  the  last  piece  of 


REPORT  OP  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     743 

CTidence.  This  amendment  will  affect  a  large  class  of  cases,  bnt  the 
present  law  is  so  manifestly  unjust  that  I  do  not  hesitate  to  suggest  the 
change. 

REIMBURSEMENT  CLAIMS. 

Section  4718  of  the  Revised  Statutes  should,  in  my  opinion,  be  made 
more  specific,  so  that  there  may  be  uo  possi])le  (juestion  as  to  tbe  juris- 
diction over  cases  involving  a  reimbursement  for  the  exjjenses  of  the  last 
sickness  and  burial  of  th\3  pensioner.  By  a  recent  ojiinion  of  the  Attor- 
ney-General, which  is  in  the  words  and  terms  following,  to  wit: — 

Depaktmext  of  JusricF, 

Washington,  '.id  August,  1882. 

Sir:  The  question  presented  l>y  the,  letter  of  the  Second  Comptroller,  referred  to  in 
and  accompanying  your  conniiunication  of  the  t:th  J\\\j  ultimo,  rtvjnesting  my  opin- 
ion, is,  whether  the  accounts  presented  hy  persons  -who  have  borne  the  expenses  of 
"the  last  sickness  and  burial"  of  decea8e<l  pensioners,  under  section  4718  of  the  Re- 
vised Statutes,  must  be  audited  and  adjusted  in  the  Treasury  by  theacc  ountinuollicera 
after  an  examination  of  the  orijiinal  vouchers  and  papers,  or  whether  the  Ci)niniis.sioner 
of  Pensions  ni.'iy  determine  finally  the  amount  properly  due  for  such  expenses,  and,  by 
withholding  the  original  vouchers  from  the  accounting  ofticers,  compel  them  to  audit 
and  allow  such  claims  upon  the  mere  certihcate  of  that  officer. 

It  is  conceded  by  the  Comptroller,  in  his  letter,  that  the  Commissionerof  Pensions  is 
authorized  to  decide  who  are  entitled  to  be  pensioners  and  the  amounts  to  bo  paid  to 
them,  respectively,  as  such,  and  that  liis  decision  is,  to  that  extent,  conclnsivo  as  to 
the  accounting  oliicers;  but  he  in'^ists  that  claimants  for  reimbursement  of  expenses 
of  the  last  sickness  and  burial  of  pensioners  are  not  in  any  sense  on  the  footing  of 
pensioners,  and  that  the  ascertainment  and  allowance  of  the  different  items  of  sach 
expenses  belongs  exclusively  to  the  accounting  oflHcers  of  the  Treasury. 

Section  4~lbof  the  Revised  Statutes  provides  that  when  a  pensioner  or  a  person  en- 
titled to  a  pension,  and  '"having  an  application  therefor  pending,"  shall  die,  not  leav- 
ing a  wi<low  or  child  surviving  him,  "no  itayment  whatsoever  of  the  accrued  pensioa 
shall  be  made  or  allowed,  except  so  much  as  may  be  necessary  to  rfimburse  the  persou 
Avho  bore  the  expenses  of  the  last  sickness  and  burial  of  the  decedent,  in  cases  where 
he  did  not  leave  sufficient  assets  to  meet  such  expenses." 

It  may  be  a^isumed  as  established  that  the  decision  of  the  Commissioner  of  Pensions 
placing  a  i)ersou  on  the  ]»ension  roll  and  lixing  the  amount  of  his  pension  is  conclu- 
sive, and,  conse<inently,  that  in  settling  the  accounts  of  pension  agents  the  accounting 
ofiScers  have  no  authority  to  go  behind  the  pensioner's  certificate. 

It  must  be  taken  as  e<|ually  clear,  that  as  the  pension  law  determines  the  amounts 
to  be  paid  the  various  pensioners,  the  action  of  the  Commissioner  of  Pensions  in  allow- 
ing or  directing  i)aynicnt  of  a  pension  cannot  bo  said  ever  to  involve  an  accounting, 
in  any  proper  sense  of  that  term. 

Au  examiiuiticm  of  the  various  provisions  under  the  title  "Pensions"  in  the  Re- 
vised Statutes  will  sIkiw  tli;if,  with  th«  <'xcei)tion  of  said  seition  •171"',  then*  is  not 
one  that  calls  for  the  auditing  and  settling  of  accounts,  and  that  there  is  au  entire 
absence  of  any  direct  or  express  intention  that  the  Conmiissioner  of  Pensions  should 
have  the  power  to  aiulit  aciounts. 

So  far  from  it,  indeed,  the  law  withholds  from  him  the  power  to  administer  oatlis, 
which  is  expiesslj'  conferred  on  the  Auditors  of  the  Treasury,  that  they  may  take 
testimony  "in  any  case  in  which  they  may  deem  it  necetwary  for  the  due  examination 
of  the  accounts  with  which  they  shall  be  charged."     (iJ-Jl»7  R.  S.) 

Congress  has  provided  an  aduwrablo  sysleni  for  the  adjustments  of  public  accounts 
(chai'Jers  3  and  4  R.  S.),  and  has  «leclared  that  "all  claims  an<l  demands  trluilrrrr  by 
the  bnited  States  or  against  them,  and  all  accr>nnts  uhatever  in  which  tlio  I'nitcd 
States  are  concerned,  either  as  di-btors  or  as  cnvlitors,  shall  be  S4'ttled  an<l  ailjusteil 
in  the  Dej)artment  of  the  Treasury."  ('J2;J(i  R.  S.)  This  .system  has  boon  in  oiuration 
from  the  foundation  of  the  government,  and  there  can  b«  no  doubt  as  to  the  general 
intention  of  Congress  that  all  unli<iuidated  demaiuls  against  the  govemnn-nt  shall  bo 
adjusted  by  the  accounting  ofliceis  forming  the  system. 

Whether  we  regard  sections  4718  and  'JUt>  ns  holding  tlie  same  relation  to  one  anotlier 
as  when  the  former  was  section  'i.')  of  tlit^  aet  of  :{d  .Manh.  1~7;{,  and  the  latter  s»'eti<»n 
3  of  the  act  of  3d  March,  1H17,  or  siucti  the  enactment  of  the  Kevis<-tl  Statutes  as  |>artM 
of  one  and  the  same  statute,  I  perceive  no  grouiitl  wiiatever  for  holding  that  s.-<tion 
4718  was  intended  to  restrict  or  «|nalify  the  tledaratioii  contained  in  H»»ction  'Ziti  th.'it 
all  demands  and  accounts  whatever  against  the  guverumeut  shall  bo  audited  uud  ad- 
justed in  the  Treasury. 


744  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYIXG    THE 

It  is  the  first  duty  of  the  exponiKhir  of  several  coynjite  slatntes,  or  of  several  pro- 
visious  of  the  .same  .stntute,  to  give  them  all  a  hamiouious  interpretation,  and  norhinjr 
short  of  some  irrecoiicilahlci  repiiguaucy  can  justifiy  Lim  iu  imputing  to  the  legislature 
ccmfnsud  or  inconsistent  intentions. 

From  the  time  of  th»i  passage  of  the  act  of  1873  until  a  very  recent  date,  according 
to  the  C<nniJtroller's  letter,  these  two  provisions  have  heen  treated  as  in  perfect  har- 
mony, and  accounts  under  section  4718  have  been  audited  and  adjusted  by  the  ac- 
counting olhcers  after  an  examination  of  the  original  vouchers  and  papers,  in  the 
accustomed  way,  and  it  is  only  by  a  strained  construction  of  this  section  fhat  any 
collision  between  it  and  section  236  is  now  produced. 

It  follows,  therefore,  that  the  Commissioner  of  Pensions  has  no  authority  to  audit 
and  adjust  accounts  under  said  section  4718  R.  S. 

It  is  proper  to  add  that  my  opinion  of  the  28th  April,  1882,  wMch,  the  Comptroller 
says,  has  be^n  invoked  as  an  authority  for  the  new  interpretation  of  section  4718,  does 
not  conflict  with  this  opinion.  In  the  former  it  was  held  that  Congress  intended  that 
a  decision  of  the  Commissioner  of  Pensions  as  to  the  amount  demandable  by  a  pen- 
sioner should  be  conclusive,  while  this  opinion  holds  that  Congress  had  no  intention 
to  invest  that  officer  with  the  power  to  audit  and  adjust  accounts  under  section  4718. 

The  language  of  each  opinion  must  be  taken  in  connection  with  its  subject-matter. 
Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

BENJAJillN  HARRIS  BREWSTER, 
Attorney-General. 

The  Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 

it  has  been  decided  that  the  Commissioner  of  Pensions  has  no  juris- 
diction whatever,  touching  claims  for  reimbursement,  but  that  the  same 
being  claims  against  the  United  States  under  the  provision  of  section  236 
of  the  Eevised  Statutes,  the  title  thereto  must  be  adjudicated  by  the 
proper  accounting  ofBcers  of  the  Treasury. 

This  relieves  the  Pension  Office  of  a  very  large  amount  of  trouble- 
some and  difficult  business,  and  sets  free  a  force  hitherto  engaged  in  its 
consideration,  to  be  used  upon  other  and  more  important  work.  I  would 
suggest  as  an  amendment  to  such  section  the  following :  Strike  out  after 
the  word  "  allowed,"  in  line  11,  in  said  section  4718,  the  words  "  except  so 
much  as  may  be  necessary  to  reimburse  the  person  who  bore  the  ex- 
I^enses  of  the  last  sickness  and  burial  of  the  decedent,  in  cases  where  he 
did  not  leave  sufficient  assets  to  meet  such  expenses;"  and  in  lieu  thereof 
insert  the  words  "  provided,  however,  that  the  person  who  bore  the  ex- 
penses of  the  last  sickness  and  burial  of  the  deceased  pensioner  or  ap- 
plicant for  pension,  in  cases  where  he  did  not  leave  sufficient  assets  to 
meet  such  expenses,  shall  be  paid  out  of  nwy  funds  in  the  Treasury  of 
the  United  States  not  other^^ise  appropriated,  upon  due  proof  submitted 
to  the  proper  accounting  officers  of  the  Treasury,  upon  such  forms  as 
they  may  prescribe,  such  payment  to  be  made  by  Treasury  warrant  as 
other  ckiims  against  the  United  States  are  ])aid." 

I  would  also  suggest  that  the  benefits  of  section  4718  should  be  ex- 
tended to  the  other  classes  given  title  to  a])ension  by  section  4707,  that 
is,  dependentmothers,  fathers,  brothers,  and  sisters,  as  the  same  reason 
extends  to  this  class  as  to  the  class  above  mentioned,  viz,  the  widow  or 
child  or  children  of  such  soldier,  and  that  the  benefits  of  said  section  be 
confined  to  the  pensionable  representatives  of  a  deceased  soldier  iu  the 
order  in  which  title  to  pension  is  granted  by  sections  4702  and  4707. 

THE  EVIDENCE   OF  DISABILITY. 

In  order  that  the  last  clause  of  section  4719  may  not  be  almost  totall.^; 
inoperative,  I  would  suggest  that  after  the  word  '■'  medical "  in  tenth 
Ime  and  before  the  word  "evidence  "  there  be  inserted,  by  way  of  amend- 
ment, the  words '' or  other  satisfactory."  This  slight  amendment  will 
enable  the  office  to  do  justice  in  many  cases  where  it  must  now  be 
denied. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     745 

I  can  see  no  good  reason  for  the  longer  continuance  of  the  limitation 
imposed  by  the  last  clause  of  section  4722.  1  therefore  recommend  that 
applicants  for  pension  under  this  section  be  placed  upon  the  same  foot- 
ing as  other  soldiers. 

PROTECTION  OF  THE  PENSIONER. 

Section  4745  relating  to  pledge,  mortgage,  sale,  &c.,  of  a  pension  cer- 
tificate, or  any  right  or  title  thereunder,  has  by  subsequent  legislation 
been  modified  so  that  all  after  the  words  "  no  eiiect,"  at  the  close  of  the 
first  paragraph  on  line  3,  is  practically  obsolete.  I  therefore  recommend 
that  the  words  following  "no  eiiect,"  in  said  line,  be  stricken  out,  and  the 
following  inserted  in  lieu  thereof:  "  and  any  jjcrson  who  shall  retain  the 
certificate  of  a  pensioner,  and  refuse  to  sun-ender  the  same,  upon  the 
demand  of  the  Commissioner  of  Pensions,  or  a  United  States  pension 
agent,  or  any  other  person  authorized  b^'  the  Commissioner  of  Pensions 
or  the  pensioner,  to  receive  the  same,  shall  be  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor, 
and  upon  conviction  thereof  may  be  fined  in  a  sum  not  exceeding  $100 
and  the  costs  of  the  prosecution." 

The  abuse  of  this  section  has  grown  to  such  proportions  that  the 
above  action  is  deemed  necessary  for  the  protection  of  the  pensioners. 
Exorbitant  rates  of  interest  are  charged  by  speculators  who  evade  the 
exact  terms  of  the  section  forbidding  any  ''mortgage,  sale,  or  assign- 
ment," &c.,  by  becoming  the  custodian  of  the  pension  certificate  for  the 
use  of  the  pensioner.  The  pensioner  must  necessarily  aj^ply  to  them  to 
execute  his  voucher,  as  the  same  cannot  be  executed  without  the  ex- 
hibition of  the  pension  certificate  to  the  officer  l)efore  whom  the  voucher 
is  executed.  The  broker  then  accompanies  the  pensioner  to  the  agency 
and  stays  with  him  until  his  check  is  cashed,  when,  as  soon  as  conversion 
into  money  takes  place,  he  mulcts  the  victim  in  heavy  damages  and  re- 
tains the  pension  certificate  to  repeat  the  operation  at  the  next  «juar- 
terly  i)ayment.  This  leads  the  pensioner,  in  order  to  avoid  the  usurious 
interest  charged,  to  allege  the  loss  of  the  original  certificate  for  the  jnir- 
pose  of  procuring  a  duplicate;  which  being  done,  he  evades  the  broker, 
often  hypothecates  with  another  broker  the  duplicate  and  repeats  the 
same  transaction  at  the  next  (juarterly  payment.  It  is  believed  that  the 
amendment  suggested  will  speedily  cure  the  evils  spoken  of  and  bring 
about  a  better  condition  of  things. 

PROTECTION  OF   PENSION   AGENTS. 

In  the  administi-ation  of  section  47G5  the  i)ension  agent  is,  I  find, 
placed  in  an  embarrassing  attitude  as  regards  the  identity  ol  the  pen- 
sioner. Ue  is  required  to  make  i)ayment  by  cheek  payable  to  order. 
The  assistant  treasurers  and  banks  of  deposit,  who  liave  no  means  of  as- 
certaining the  identify  of  the  payee,  must  retiyire  one  of  two  things; 
first,  the  indorsement  of  the  check  by  some  person  known  to  the  bank, 
or  some  certification  by  the  pension  agent  that  th«'  iiulorsement  of  the 
check  is  the  genuine  signatun^  of  the  true  pensioner.  The  first  method 
results  in  some  i)laces  very  disastrously  to  the  pensioner,  who  is  fi-e- 
quently  compelled  to  pay  large  sums  of  money  to  secure  the  necessary  in- 
dorsement. The  second  method  is  only  available  witiiin  the  corp<uate 
limits  of  the  town  where  tlie  agency  is  situated,  and  i-enders  the  pension 
agent  personally  responsible  to  the  paying  bank  when  no  such  resp»»n- 
sibility  should  attach.  I  find  in  section  47(r..  above  referred  to,  abundant 
power  vested  in  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  to  prescribe  the  manner 


746  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

iu  which  th(i  Meiitity  of  tho  ])ensioner  may  be  established.  There  bein;j 
no  adociiiate  refjulatioii  governing  this  point,  I  reapectfnll}-  ree()m)nen<l 
that  you  prescribe  such  regulations  at  the  earliest  possible  moment.  A 
bill  is  now  pending  belbre  Congress  which  confei's  upon  the  Commis- 
sioner of  Pensions  the  power  in  certain  cases  to  require  the  ])aynient  by  the 
pension  agent  to  a  pensioner  in  cash,  where  the  interests  of  the  govern- 
ment and  the  pensioner  seem  to  require  it.  I  think  the  same  passed 
the  House  and  is  now  before  the  Senate  Committee  on  Pensions,  and  I 
believe  will  early  become  a  law.  If  so,  this  will  relieve  the  office  from 
the  necessity  of  seeing  iiensioners  at  remote  places  swindled  by  persons 
selling  their  indorsement,  and  enable  it  to  do  justice  in  many  cases 
where  now  it  cannot  be  done. 

OVEEPAYMENTS  TO  PENSIONERS. 

It  frequently  happens  that  erroneous  payment  or  overpayment  is 
made  to  a  pensioner,  whereby  he  receives  much  more  than  the  amount 
to  which  he  is  entitled.  It  has  been  the  i)ractice  to  withhold  the  pen- 
sion not  yet  accrued  until  it  shall  have  amounted  to  a  sufficient  sum  to 
cover  the  overpayment.  I  ask  that  this  practice  be  given  the  sanctioii 
of  law,  as  thereby  no  hardship  can  come  to  the  pensioner,  nor  is  his 
right  to  proper  pension  thereby  reduced  a  penny,  but  the  government 
is  by  this  means  reimbursed  and  protected  against  loss.  I  would  rec- 
ommend that  this  provision  be  attached  to  section  476G,  as  a  proviso  or 
amendment,  and  that  the  said  moneys  be  covered  into  the  Treasury 
when  sufficient  has  been  withheld  to  reimburse  the  overpayment,  with- 
out the  voucher  or  receipt  of  the  pensioner,  his  receipt  for  the  overpay- 
ment being  a  sufficient  one  to  protect  the  pension  agent  upon  his  boud. 

ATTORNEYS'  PEES. 

In  my  last  annual  report  I  dwelt  at  some  length  upon  the  subject  of 
claim-agents  and  attorneys,  and  their  fees.  Experience  fully  justifies 
me,  in  my  opinion,  in  all  that  was  said  iu  that  report  touching  this 
subject,  and  I  wish  to  refer  to  it  and  make  it  a  part  of  this.  Much  time 
and  labor  are  spent  in  the  prosecution  of  claims  by  attorneys  and  agents, 
who,  after  years  of  labor,  find  themselves  confined  to  a  fee  of  610,  and, 
in  self-interest^  resort  to  subterfuges  and  devious  methods  to  obtain  a 
greater  fee  from  the  claimant.  I  think  this  otfice  sliould  be  relieved 
from  the  vast  amount  of  annoyance  caused  by  the  petty  prosecution  of 
men,  j)erhaps  not  otherwise  dishonest,  who  find  the  opportuuity  offered 
by  the  receipt  of  large  sums  of  arrears  of  ]>ensiou  by  their  principals 
to  collect  from  them  a  greater  fee  than  is  allowed  by  tlie  act  of  June  iiU, 
1878,  too  great  a  temptation  to  be  borne.  Wherever  such  cases  come  to 
my  knowledge,  it  is  my  duty,  and  1  have  endeavored  to  discharge  it,  by 
prosecuting  the  offender  and  disbarring  him  from  practice.  The  ofiense 
is  often  so  trifling  that  it  is  exceedingly  annoying  to  be  compelled  to  set 
so  much  force  upoii  such  small  and  seemingly  unimportant  outside  mat- 
ters. In  my  opinion,  the  remedy  lies,  as  1  have  before  recommended, 
in  the  substantial  re-enactment  of  the  law  in  force  at  the  time  said  act 
of  June  20,  1878,  was  passed — the  salient  i)oiuts  to  be  covered  being: 
First,  the  establishment  of  a  reasonable  fee  for  the  claim  agent  or  attor- 
ney; second,  the  agreement  therefor  to  be  by  written  contract,  which 
as  to  amount  of  the  fee,  shall  be  subject  to  the  a])i)TOval  and  discre- 
tion of  the  Commissioner  of  Pensions,  and  the  form  to  be  i)rescribed 
by  him  J  third,  the  payment  of  such  fee  to  be  contingent  upon  the  sue- 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OP  THE  INTERIOR.     747 

cesslul  prosecutiou  (»f  tbe  claim;  fourth,  tlie  payment  tliereot  to  be 
luadt^  by  tlie  pension  agent:  Avitli  such  .iiuanlcd  ])rovisi()ns  to  be  enacted 
as  'wiil  prevent  injustice  being  (bine  claimants  wliose  claims  ai-e  already 
on  iile,  where  i)aymeut  of  some  i)art  of  the  l*e«'  has  been  made  in  advance, 
so  that  the  claimant  shall  have  the  full  benefit  of  such  payment.  I  can- 
not but  believe  that  a  well-guarded  law  <jf  this  character  will  attract  to 
the  i)ensioii  i)ractice  an  honorable  and  upright  class  of  attorneys,  who 
cannot  now  alford  to  undertake  the  busiuess  for  the  fee,  and  wlio  are  un- 
willing to  be  annoyed  by  such  employmeut  under  tlie  restrictions  as 
they  exist  under  the  i)re8ent  law. 

Jn  this  connection  I  would  recommend  that  section  5485,  prescribing 
a  ])enalty  for  the  reception  or  retention  of  an  illegal  fee,  be  amended  as 
follows:  Strike  out  the  words  following  "than  is  provided,"  in  line — ,  in 
said  section,  the  words  "in  the  title  pertaining  to  i)ension,"  and  insert 
in  lieii  thereof  the  words  "  by  law." 

REMOVAL  OF  DISABILITIES  OF  NAVAL  EX-CONFEDERATES. 

In  my  opinion  the  benefits  of  the  act  approved  March  3,  1877,  which 
removes  the  disabilities  of  those,  who,  having  particijiated  in  the  rebel- 
lion, have  since  its  termination  enlisted  in  the  Army  of  the  United  States 
and  have  become  disabled,  should  be  extended  to  those  who  served  in 
the  Xavy. 

EXTENDING  BENEFITS  OF  ARREARS  ACT  TO  CERTAIN  REGULAR 
ARMY  AND  NAVY  CASES. 

I  am  A^ery  averse  to  making  any  suggestion  which  would  amend,  alter, 
or  change  in  any  manner  the  provisions  of  the  so-called  arrears  act 
finally  approved  March  3,  1879;  but  there  is  one  class  of  cases  against 
wJiich  this  act  operates  most  unjustly,  and  I  think  the  law  should  be 
amended  so  as  to  cure  that  defect.  1  refer  to  claims  of  widows  and  in- 
valid soldiers  of  the  regular  Army  antl  Xavy,  whose  rights  have  accrued 
since  June  30,  1880.  They  should  be  allowed  a  reasonable  time,  say 
two  to  five  years,  in  which  to  tile  their  ai)plications,  and  poision  should 
date  from  the  connnencement  of  the  accruing  of  the  right,  instead  of,  as 
now,  from  the  date  of  the  tiling  of  the  application. 

EXTENDING  THE  BENEFITS  OF  THE  ACT  OF  JUNE   10,   1880. 

It  seems  to  me  that  in  the  provisions  of  the  act  of  June  10,  1880,  an 
unjust  discrimination  has  been  made.  I  would  respectfully  reconunend 
that  such  legislation  be  had  as  will  admit  those  who  are  utterly  help- 
less to  the  benefits  of  the  i)rovisions  of  this  act,  to  date  from  the  time 
when  they  became  utterly  helpless;  and  its  benefits  should  also  extend 
to  those  who  were  entitled,  by  reason  of  their  ]ieli)lessness,  to  the  rate 
of  $50,  at  a  date  later  than  the  passage  of  th«>  act,  or  who,  for  some 
other  cause,  were  not  actually  upon  the  rolls  at  that  gra<le  on  that 
exact  day,  but  afterwards  showed  themselves  to  bo  entitled  from  a  date 
anterior  thereto. 

PENSION  AGENTS. 

I  now  come  to  the  consideration  of  a  subjeiit  in  which  I  fi^el  great  inter- 
est. As  the  i)ension-roll  is  becoming  daily  larger  and  larger,  the  duties 
devolving  upon  the  agents  lor  tlie  payment  «)f  j tensions  ar»'  bef<»mingmoro 
arduous  and  complicated.  These  othcers  are  retiuired,  under  the  strictest 
possible  forms,  to  furnish  sutiicient  bond  in  the  sum  of  130,000,  with  jus- 


748  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

tified  security  to  the  extent  of  $300,000.  They  are  required  to  give  their 
individual  attention  ahnost  incessantly  to  the  work  under  their  charge, 
and  yet  must  intrust  many  of  its  details  to  subordinates.  They  receive 
their"  pay  in  what  seems  to  me  an  illogical  and  roundabout  manner.  They 
are  not  allowed  anything  for  the  first  4,000  vouchers.  After  that  they 
receive  a  fee  of  15  cents  for  each- voucher.  Out  of  the  fund  thus  created 
they  are  required  to  pay  for  clerical  labor,  office  furniture,  stationery,  and 
ordinary  postage.  Why  they  should  be  thus  treated  as  a  class,  I  am 
at  a  loss  to  understand.  They  are,  without  exception,  men  of  first-rate 
abilities,  and  entitled  to  the  highest  confidence,  and  their  record  has 
been  almost  without  a  parallel  in  the  history  of  officers  who  have  had 
to  disburse  a  like  amount  of  money,  for  exemptions  from  loss  to  the  gov- 
ernment or  mistakes  in  making  wrong  payments  or  otherwise.  They 
should  be  furnished  with  stationery  and  office  furniture  at  the  govern- 
ment expense.  The  roundabout  payment  of  fees  should  be  abolished. 
They  are  engaged  in  disbursing  moneys,  and  will  in  the  present  year 
disburse  a  sum  amounting  to  something  like  $100,000,000.  There  are 
eighteen  of  these  pension  agents.  My  recommendation  therefore  is  that 
they  be  paid  a  salary  of  $5,000  per  annum  and  a  reasonable  allowance 
for  necessary  clerical  assistance ;  that  they  be  allowed  the  use  of  the  pen- 
alty envelope,  as  other  officers  are,  and  under  the  same  restrictions. 
Such  a  change,  I  am  confident,  would  result  in  a  saving  to  the  govern- 
ment— or  at  least  there  would  be  no  increase  in  the  amount  annually 
appropriated  for  the  payment  of  their  ser^ices,  and  would  much  simplify 
the  business  at  their  offices.  The  size  of  the  bond  required,  the  tre- 
mendous amount  of  money  disbursed  by  them,  and  the  high  character 
of  the  men  now  employed,  and  the  further  fact  that  it  will  not  mate- 
rially increase  the  amount  required  to  be  appropriated  aunually  for  this 
service,  justify  the  statement,  and  I  therefore  make  thiis  recommenda- 
tion. 

SPECIAL  EXAlVnNATIONS. 

The  operations  of  this  division  during  the  last  year  have  been  fully 
set  forth  in  the  table  submitted  with  this  report,  and  the  results  are 
such  that  they  may  be  examined,  I  think,  with  profit.  The  plan  of  af- 
fording a  claimant  an  opportunity  to  be  present  and  cross-examine  any 
witnesses  who  testify  against  him,  and  the  cross-examination  of  witnesses 
who  testify  in  behalf  of  the  claimant,  by  the  examiner  acting  on  behalf  of 
the  government,  has  been  conducive  to  the  establishment  of  a  good  feel- 
ing between  claimants  and  the  Pension  Office,  and  has  conveyed,  as  it 
properly  should,  the  widespread  impression  of  a  desire  on  the  part  of  the 
office  to  execute  the  pension  laws  in  the  spirit  of  liberality  and  fairness 
with  which  they  were  framed.  The  inauguration  of  any  new  system 
radically  changing  an  old  one  is,  of  course,  at  first  attended  by  certain 
difficulties  which  longer  experience  and  more  careful  study  will  enable 
the  office  to  avoid  or  overcome.  The  whole  tendency  of  the  work  of 
this  division  has  been,  and  will  continue  to  be,  to  condense,  as  much  as 
possible,  and  to  confine  the  examination  to  the  particular  points  clothed 
in  doubt.  It  is  my  intention,  as  soon  as  it  can  be  conveniently  done,  to 
divide  the  country  into  about  two  hundred  districts,  within  each  of 
which  a  special  examiner  will  be  placed,  to  whom  all  cases  from  his  dis- 
trict, in  which  there  is  absence  of  record,  or  where  an  adverse  record  is 
found,  and  where  the  claim  is  sought  to  be  established  by  parol  evi- 
dence only,  will  be  referred  for  special  examination.  A  short,  sensible, 
and  careful  examination  of  witnesses  at  claimant's  home,  a  contact  with 
the  claimant  or  pensioner  himself,  and  the  know^ledge  acquired  as  to  the 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     749 

estimation  in  which  he  is  held  by  his  comrades  and  the  community  in 
which  he  resides,  will,  I  think,  j)ut  the  office  in  i^ossession  of  the  one 
thiug  lacking  in  order  to  justly  settle  claims. 

Much  time  of  this  force  during  the  past  year  has  been  consumed  in 
the  re-examination  of  cases  which  had  i)reviously  been  specially  exam- 
ined under  the  ex  parte  system,  and  the  results  shown  are  not,  I  believe, 
as  satisfactory  in  the  aggregate  as  they  will  be  at  the  end  of  the  present 
year.  So  far  as  I  can  now  see,  the  system  in  operation  gives  reasonable 
satisfaction,  and  supplies  the  want  which  has  been  felt  for  many  years 
in  the  adjudication  of  cases.  Congress,  at  its  last  session,  clothed 
special  examiners  with  the  power  necessary  to  compel  the  attendance  of 
witnesses,  and  was  extremely  generous  in  amending  the  laws  pertain- 
ing to  their  duties,  so  that  it  would  seem  nothing  was  left  undone  to 
give  the  system  a  full  and  complete  opportunity  to  accomplish  the  re- 
sults aimed  at.  I  tind,  however,  that  in  one  or  two  particulars  omis- 
sions have  been  made,  which  have  been  taken  advantage  of  to  the  injury 
of  the  service.  First,  persons  have  been  found  in  various  ptu-ts  of  the 
country  holding  themselves  out  to  be  special  examiners  of  the  Pension 
Office,  exhibiting  forged  papers,  and  by  this  means  have  succeeded  in 
committing  many  frauds  upon  pensioners.  I  suggest  the  enactment  of 
a  clause  which  will  make  the  false  personation  of  a  pension  examiner  a 
felony,  to  be  punished  by  tine  and  imprisonment  upon  conviction.  I 
would  also  suggest  the  enactment  of  a  clause  which  will  make  it  a  high 
misdemeanor  for  any  person  to  interfere  with  a  special  examiner  in  the 
discharge  of  his  duties,  by  violence,  threat,  or  otherwise,  the  same  to  be 
punishable  by  fine  or  imprisonment  upon  conviction. 

WITHDRAWAL  OR  REDUCTION  OF  PENSION. 

I  would  suggest  that  the  following  be  enacted  touching  the  drop])ing 
of  pensioners  from  the  rolls,  or  the  reduction  of  rate  of  pension.  As  it 
is  now,  it  is  questionable  whether  there  is  any  law  upon  the  subject  to 
directly  give  the  Commissioner  of  Pensions  the  necessary  powers  or  im- 
posing the  ijroper  restrictions: 

That  sections  4771,  4772,  and  4773  of  tho  Revised  Statutes  of  the  United  States,  pro- 
viding for  biennial  examinations  of  pensioners,  are  hereby  repealed:  Provided,  That 
the  Commissioner  of  Pensions  shall  have  tho  same  power  as  heretofore  to  order  special 
examinations  whenever,  in  his  judgment,  tlie  same  may  he  necessary,  and  to  increase 
or  reduce  the  pension  according  to  right  and  justice  ;  but  in  no  case  shall  a  i>ension 
be  withdrawn  or  reduced  cxc("i)t  upon  notice  of  not  less  than  sixty  days  to  the  pen- 
sioner, and  a  hearing  upon  sworn  testimony,  exce])t  when  tin-  reduction  or  dropping  of 
an  invalid  pension  is  made  upon  tho  certiticato  of  a  board  of  examining  surgeons. 

DESERTION. 

The  question  of  desertion  in  connection  with  that  of  title  to  pension 
shoidd  be  delinitely  settled  by  law.  A  pension  ts  in  i\o  svusv  a  reward 
for  faithful  and  meritorious  S(*rvi(;e,  but  a  jiayment  for  loss  of  jjliysical 
ability  to  earn  a  livelihood.  Therefore,  desertion  subsetpient  to  the  in- 
currence of  a  disability  and  a  refusal  of  the  War  l)ei)artment  to  change  the 
record  should  not  carry  with  it  a  forfeiture  of  right  to  pension.  The  hiw 
should  provide  that  pension,  in  any  case  in  which  a  charge  of  desertion 
stands  unremoved,  shall  coiuijience  on  tho  date  from  which  the  contract 
for  service  in  which  disabled  legally  terminated,  to  be  ascert.ained  from 
tho  date  to  which  last  paid  for  service ;  provided,  however,  that  tiie 
date  of  discharge  from  a  subse(juent  service  entered  into  before  the 
legal  termination  of  the  service  in  which  disabled  shall  be  the  date 
from  which  to  commence  the  pension.  y 


760  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    TTTE 

CLERICAL  FORCE   OF  THE  OFFICE. 

Ill  coin))liai)co,  witli  tlio  recommendation  of  my  last  report,  and  recogniz- 
ing: the  evident  necessities  of  the  case,  the  Forty-seventh  Congress  brought 
forward  an  approjiriation  bill  giving  this  office  a  force  of  1,559  (;lerks, 
involving  an  annual  expenditure  of  $1,957,150  for  their  payment.  It 
is  greatly  to  be  regretted  that  so  much  time  was  consumed  in  the  con- 
sideration of  the  details  of  the  appropriation  bill,  so  that  it  was  as  late 
as  August  5th  before  we  were  enabled  to  know  that  the  bill  had  passed, 
and  could  take  stejis  looking  toward  the  selection  of  the  large  increased 
force.  It  was  a  matter  of  very  great  iiniiortance  that,  in  order  to  ac- 
complish the  objects  aimed  at,  the  force  should  be  selected  with  great 
care,  and  the  honorable  Secretary  of  the  Interior  is  to  be  congratulated 
upon  the  general  results  flowing  from  the  deliberation  and  care  with 
which  he  has  addressed  himself  to  this  most  important  work. 

The  appointments  made  under  the  bill  are  for  the  most  part  able  and 
worthy  men,  those  who  have  been  soldiers  predominating.  The  num- 
ber also  includes  a  large  proportion  of  men  who  have  received  an 
academic  or  collegiate  education,  and  a  very  large  number  are  men 
who  have  brought  to  the  office  considerable  legal  knowledge  and  ex- 
perience. The  bill  hj  its  terms  enabled  me  to  perfect  the  organization 
and  strengthen  many  weak  points,  notably  the  medical  consideration 
given  to  cases.  Selections  have  been  made  for  medical  reviewers 
which  will  enable  the  office  to  give  a  much  more  intelligent  considera- 
tion to  the  great  majority  of  invalid  cases,  which  now  frequently  in- 
volve close  pathological  connections  between  diseases  existing  and  those 
contracted  in  the  service,  and  I  think  I  can  now  say  that  the  medical 
division,  as  at  present  newly  organized,  is  both  in  its  personnel  and 
ability  as  good  as  can  be  had  for  the  salaries  which  we  are  able  to  pay, 
and  is  capable  of  the  highest  efficiency  in  that  particular  division  of 
the  office. 

As  I  have  said  before,  it  is  a  matter  of  regret  that  we  could  not  have 
had  the  benefit  of  the  generous  appropriation,  and  the  force  thereby 
authorized,  for  the  whole  fiscal  year,  instead  of  only  for  about  two-thirds 
thereof,  for  the  sake  of  the  results  expected  from  us  with  large  addition 
of  clerks.  As  it  is,  although  all  the  appointments  have  been  made,  yet 
there  are  many  who  have  refrained  from  reporting,  and  it  was  not  until 
October  1  that  we  Avere  able  to  largely  increase  the  various  adjudicating 
divisions,  and  not  until  Xovember  1  that  the  bulk  of  the  force  was  sworu 
in  and  put  at  work.  This,  however,  may  be  remedied,  to  some  extent,  if 
Congress  will  authorize  the  employment  of  the  lapsed  fund  created  by 
our  inability  to  use  the  entire  proportion  of  the  whole  appropriation  for 
July,  August,  September,  and  October.  The  pay-roll  for  those  months 
will  have  consumed  $154,550.19,  while  the  four  months'  proportion  of 
the  whole  year's  appropriation  is  $652,383.33,  leaving  an  unexpended 
balance,  in  the  first  quarter,  of  8H)7, 883.11.  I  would  recommend  that 
you  request  Congress  to  place  this  fund  at  your  disposal,  by  joint  reso- 
lution, for  the  employment  of  such  a  temporary  additional  force  for  this 
office  as  can  be  carried  by  it  for  the  remainder  of  the  fiscal  year. 

TENURE   OF  OFFICE. 

I  submit  a  table  liereM'ith  which  will  repay  careful  examination.  It 
is  a  showing  of  the  longevity  of  tenure  of  clerks  in  this  office,  and  will 
be  interesting  in  connection  with  the  general  subject  of  the  civil  ser- 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 


751 


vice.  As  will  be  seen  thereby,  aside  from  the  clerks  ai)pointed  in  1881, 
the  average  tenure  of  the  clerks  in  office  at  the  date  of  preparing  this 
table,  to  wit,  about  the  15th  of  July,  1882,  had  been  six  years  and  one 
month,  and  counting  in  the  increased  force  of  1881  who  are  still  in  ofiice, 
the  average  tenure  of  the  whole  force  was  four  and  a  half  years.  This 
security  of  tenure  to  intelligent  and  expert  clerks  is,  1  believe,  greatly 
conducive  to  efficiency,  and  oilers  an  assurance  to  those  thereafter  ap- 
pointed that  clerks  who  possess  and  exercise  the  desirable  qualifications 
so  well  and  graphically  expressed  by  the  President  in  his  message  to 
the  present  Congress,  namely,  "])r(>bity,  industry,  good  sense,  good 
habits,  good  temper,  patience,  manly  d«^lerence  to  superior  ollicers,  and 
manly  consideration  for  inferiors,"  will  be  recognized  as  worthy  a  long 
and  secure  tenure,  not  to  be  ruthlessly  terminated,  ami  is  therefore 
an  incentive  to  good  habits  and  conscientious  industry  in  work. 

Xumler  of  clerics  now  in  the  Pensioti  Office,  July  15,  1882,  and  the  several  years  in  which 

they  were  ajypointed. 


Tear. 

No.  ap- 
pointed. 

Tear. 

No.  ap- 
pointwl. 

1848  ^ 

1  I 
1  i 

4 
11 

1872 

23 

1853     

1873  

1j 

1861 

1874 

14 

1882 

187.5 

22 

1863 

1876 

21 

1804 

1877 

33 

1865     

1878 

40 

1866 

".ill 

1873 

76 

1867 

1 
18 
12 
34 

]8'<0 

72 

1868 

1881 

240 

1869 

1882 

59 

1870 

Present  nnniher  of  praploy6» 

1871 

741 

Averag*  tenure  of  force,  abont  four  and  a  lialf  years. 

Average  tenure  of  force  (exclucive  of  appointments  in  1881-'82),  aboat  six  years. 


BUILDINGS  AND  ACCOMlttODATIONS  FOE  THE  FORCE. 


Both  the  two  large  buildings  now  occupied  by  the  force  of  this  office, 
to  wit,  that  upon  the  "  Old  Kirkwood  House  site,"  on  the  corner  of  Twelfth 
street  and  Pennsylvania  avenue,  and  the  "Eagle  P.uilding,"  formerly  oc- 
cupied t\v  the  Census  Bureau,  on  the  corner  of  Tiiirteenth  street  and 
Pennsylvania  avenue,  were  not  intended,  in  their  original  construction, 
for  the  accommodation  of  any  large  numl)er  of  })eople  engaged  in  the 
transaction  of  the  public  business,  yet,  by  judicious  alteiali<ius,  they 
have  been  so  arranged  as  to  accommodatii  the  great  force  of  tliis  ollice 
with  the  least  possible  inconvenience.  The  crowded  comlition  of  the 
buildings,  however,  deprives  us  of  mmdi  necessary  spjice  to  properly 
care  for  the  valuable  records  of  this  olli(H',  which,  once  destroyed,  could 
never  be  rei)Iaced,  and  which  are  constantly  anil  daily  increasing  in  vol- 
ume. To  such  an  extent  does  this  increase  of  valual)h»  archives  continue 
to  advance,  that  it  becomes  an  absolute  lu'cessity  lor  the  proper  preser- 
vation of  the  files,  that  a  tire-proof  building  of  sullicient  tlimensions  be 
added  to  the  buihling  now  oc<'.uj»ied,  and  fire-]>roof  files  wlKUild  be  like- 
wise provided  tlieri'in  for  the  ]»ropercare;ind  custody  of  the  i)a])ers.  This 
will  involve  an  expendilure,  as  nearly  as  I  can  estimate,  of  about  $50,000; 
and  I  ask  that  you  recommend  to  Congicss  the  appropriation  of  that  sum 


752  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

for  that  purpose  at  the  earliest  possible  moment.  I  also  desire,  for  the 
safety  of  the  valuable  lives  crowded  into  the  above-mentioned  buildings, 
from  which,  in  case  of  fire  or  panic,  there  are  no  adequate  means  of  es- 
cape, that  suitable  fire-escapes  be  placed  ui)on  both.  In  my  opinion,  an 
appropriation  of  $6,000  will  accomplish  this  end  and  aftbrd  the  protection 
to  which  the  persons  enj^aged  in  the  work  of  the  office  are  entitled.  I 
therefore  recommend  that  Congress  be  asked  to  make  an  appropriation 
therefor  at  the  earliest  practicable  date. 

THE  PENSION  POPULATION. 

It  is  an  irreparable  loss,  which  can  only  now  be  regretted,  but  which 
may  be  repaired  in  the  future,  that  in  the  taking  of  the  Tenth  Census 
no  provision  was  made  for  ascertaining  the  exact  status  of  the  soldiers 
and  pension  population  of  this  country.  All  calculations,  without  such 
accurate  data  which  could  have  thus  be,en  furnished ,  must  necessarily 
be  pure  estimates,  mid  not  entirely  reliable  because  of  the  lack  of  known 
facts.  I  find  upon  investigation  that  there  is  a  lamentable  lack  of  knowl- 
edge on  the  part  of  the  Adjutant-generals  of  the  different  States  as  to 
the  actual  number  of  men  enlisted  in  their  States  during  the  war,  and 
what  became  of  them  at  discharge;  and  we  are,  save  in  a  few  States,  left 
without  accurate  krowledge  upon  this  subject. 

In  my  opinion,  there  is  no  question  so  befogged  in  mystery,  and 
needing  so  much  and  more  complete  knowledge  of  its  detail,  than  what 
may  be  termed  the  possibilities  of  the  future  with,  regard  to  the  pen- 
sion business.  Having  confessed  my  inability  to  procure  the  necessary 
exact  data  from  the  different  States,  with  a  few  notable  exceptions,  and 
it  being  impossible  for  the  Adjutant- General  of  the  Army,  in  the  present 
crowded  condition  of  his  work,  to  compile  an  exact  statement  of  the 
actual  individual  enlistments,  it  may  seem  presumptuous  on  my  part  to 
offer  any  prognostications  upon  this  subject.  However,  as  one  means 
to  that  end'  I  have  carefully  prepared  a  statement  which  is  embodied  in 
Table  No.  12,  which  shows  the  total  number  of  enlistments  in  each 
organization  from  each  State,  so  far  as  I  have  been  able  to  procure 
them,  and  also  a  showing  of  the  total  applications  for  pension  from  each 
organization,  both  as  to  invalids  and  as  to  the  representatives  of  deceased 
soldiers.  This  being  compiled  by  States  will  afford  you  at  a  glance  some 
idea  of  what  still  remains  to  be  done,  and  what  we  may  expect  in  the  future. 
Taking  such  data  as  I  consider  reliable,  I  have  made  the  following  compu- 
tations, and  I  submit  them  for  your  consideration  for  what  they  maybe 
worth,  hoping  thereby  to  awaken  an  interest  on  the  part  of  Congress  in 
the  subject,  that  wiU  result  in  a  still  more  accurate  knowledge  of  what  is 
to  be  looked  for.    The  proposition  is  as  follows: 

How  many  persons  are  there  now  living  who  served  in  the  Army 
during  the  late  rebellion,  or  who  bore  a  pensionable  relation  to  those 
who  served,  who  have  not  yet  applied  for  pension?  The  Adjutant- 
General  of  the  United  States  Army  reports  the  following  aggregate  of 
enlistment  for  the  different  periods  of  service,  to  wit:  For  sixty  days, 
2,045 ;  for  three  months'  service,  108,416;  for  one  hundred  days'  service, 
85,507;  for  four  months' service,  42;  for  six  months' service,  26,118 ;  for 
eight  months'  service,  373 ;  for  nine  months'  service,  89,899 ;  for  one  year's 
service,  393,706;  for  two  years'  service,  44,400;  for  three  years' service, 
2,028,630 ;  for  four  years'  service,  1,042 ;  making  a  grand  total  of  enlist- 
ment, 2,780,178. 

Taking  tiiis  as  the  basis  of  my  calculation  I  have  endeavored  to  ascer- 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     753 

tain  the  number  of  individual  enlistments;  that  is,  excludinj^  second, 
third,  fourth,  and  subsequent  enlistments  of  the  same  person.  The 
result  of  my  investi,ijation  and  estimate  ujion  this]K'int  shows  an  ap^fjre- 
gate  of  2,046,969  different  individuals  who  enlisted  for  greater  or  less 
periods  during  the  war.  To  this  numl)er  should  be  added  the  number 
of  persons  serving  in  the  EegularArmy  and  Navy  at  the  comnnTncement 
of  the  war,  viz,  16,422.  So  tliat  the  grand  total  of  individual  persons  who 
entered  the  service  during  the  war  may  be  approximately  stated  to  bo 
2,063,391.  and  this  number  includes  all  individual  enlistments  in  the 
Army  and  Navy  employed  in  the  suppression  of  the  rebellion. 

Up  to  the  1st  of  Jidy,  1882,  there  have  been  filed  by  Army  invalids, 
450,890  applications  for  pension.  Up  to  the  same  date  there  have  been 
filed  294,277  applicatiens  on  behalf  of  the  service  of  deceased  soldiers. 
There  have  been  filed  by  Xavy  invalids  7,663,  and  by  those  representing 
deceased  sailors,  3,294.  This  makes  an  aggregate  of  those  who  have 
applied  for  pension  of  756,119  out  of  the  whole  number  who  enlisted,  as 
before  stated. 

As  near  as  I^an  ascertain  there  are  about  86,800  representatives  of 
deceased  soldiers  who  have  not  yet  applied  for  pension,  and  1,000,469 
survivors  of  the  war  who  have  not  yet  applied  for  pension,  and  220,000 
who  died  during  and  since  the  war,  who  left  no  pensionable  relatives 
surviving  them.  The  following  tables,  numbered  1,  2,  and  3,  compre- 
hend the  above  calculation  and  present  them  in  understandable  shape: 

Table  1. — Beduced  to  periods  of  service  only,  shows  the  following  aggregates  for  the  dif' 
ferent  periods  in  the  Army  and  yary,  to  nit : 

Periods  of  enlistment.  Namber. 


60  days ... 

3  months . 
100  days.. 

4  months . 
6  months  . 

8  months  . 

9  months  . 


2,045 
108,416 
85,807 
4-2 
26,118 
373 
80.809 
lyear j  393,700 

2  years 44,400 

3  years |      2,028,  BS") 

4  years ,...i  1,042 


Aggregate  enlistments. 


3,  780, 178 


Table  2. — Estimate  of  the  nximher  of  individuals  who  served  during  the  late  icar. 

Number  who  died  durinp  the  war .304, 369 

Nniiil)cr  who  w(>ro  di.sehiir;;od  for  dis.iltility 2H.'>,  .'vl.'i 

DescrtPis  (less  tlio.sc  iiircstt'd  an<l  2')  jxt  cent,  additional) l-'S,;jr>'2 

Ont'-tliird  of  those  .serviii;^  ttTiiiH  of  less  tban  wiie  year  (estimated  that  two- 

thinh  thereof  rc-eiili.sled) I IO4, 13.J 

One-half  of  those  scrvin;^  more  than  one  year  and   less  than  two  yearn  (es- 
timated that  one-half  re-enlisted) 2-2J,0.'>:{ 

Number  in  the  service  May  1,  1"<()5 I,(t00,  5U» 


Total 'J,0»t),l)6y 

Add  nnniber  in  Regular  Army  at  comnienrement  of  the  war IC,  Iv^i 


Aggrejrate 2,  (X;;i,3yi 

48  Ab 


754  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

Table  3. 

Total  number  of  enlialmonts  .as  reported  by  tbo  Adjutant-General  United 

States  Araiy  (see  details  in  Table  1 ) 2, 780, 178 

or  which  there  were  counted  more  than  once  by  reason  of  re-enlistment.. .      716,787 

Actual  iutn vidual  enlistments  during  the  war  (see  Table  2) 2, 0G3, 391 

Accounted  for  as  follows : 

1.  Living. — Individual  soldiers  and  sailors  who  have  noi  applied 

for  pension 1, 000, 469 

2.  LiVLNG. — Individual  soldiers  and  sailors  who  have  applied  for 

pension 458, 553 

3.  Dead. — Leaving  pensionable  relatives  who  have  not  applied 

for  pension 86,803 

4.  Dead. — Leaving  pensionable  relatives  who  have  applied  for 

pension 297,566 

5.  Dead. — Leaving  no  pensionable  relatives 220,000 

Total 2,063,391 

As  before  stated,  the  information  relative  to  total  individual  enlist- 
meuts  iu  eacli  State  and  Territory  is  most  difficult  to  obtain,  but  I  have 
collected  from  various  sources,  principally  the  rosters  of  each  organiza- 
tion, as  published  in  the  reports  of  the  adjutant-generals  of  certain 
States,  a  complete  list  in  a  few  instances,  and  nearly  complete  in  others, 
so  that  of  sixteen  States  I  am  able  to  show  72  per  cent,  of  the  total  in- 
dividual enlistments.  Taking  the  basis  afforded  by  the  above  (72  per 
cent,  of  the  total  number  of  individual  enlistments),  aud  we  find  out  of 
the  total  number  of  soldiers  who  served  during  the  war,  pension  has 
been  applied  for  by,  or  on  account  of,  26  per  cent,  of  the  whole  number. 

In  the  States  which  purport  to  give  the  total  enlistments,  a  discrep- 
ancy may  appear  if  compared  with  accessible  results,  occasioned  by  the 
accredited  enlistments  of  certain  States  belonging  to  the  military-  organ- 
ization of  another,  as  they  are  reported  and  classified  in  the  latter,  but 
as  the  enlistments  are  compared  with  the  number  who  have  applied 
for  pension  in  each  military  organization,  the  proportions  or  percent- 
ages are  not  affected;  e.  g.,  in  the  State  of  Kentucky  there  were  cred- 
ited to  her  quotaof  enlistments  22,625,  which  formed  nineteen  regiments 
of  colored  troops  and  are  classed  among  the  "United  States  colored 
troops,"'  and  in  Michigan  there  were  5,020  enlistments  assigned  to  fifty- 
six  different  military  organizations  not  belonging  to  that  State. 

The  general  proposition,  however,  is  presented,  with  the  best  availa- 
ble information  at  hand,  that  there  is  a  surviving  soldier  i^opulation  of 
a  little  over  ten  hundred  thousand,  out  of  which  claims  for  pension  in 
the  future  may  be  made  by  those  who  incurred  pensionable  disabilities. 

With  such  an  array  of  figures,  and  so  much  to  illhstrate  by  them,  it 
is  necessary  for  the  reader  or  student  of  them  to  keep  in  mind  the  spe- 
cific purpose  which  they  are  claimed  to  illustrate,  otherwise  a  compari- 
son with  results  in  other  tables  would  seem  to  show  discrepancies. 

Taking  the  grand  totals  reported  in  this  table,  it  shows  the  total 
number  who  have  applied  for  pension,  654,578,  including  the  invalids, 
widows,  minor  children,  and  dependent  relatives,  while  a  reference  to 
table  number  5  shows  that  758,380  of  the  same  have  been  tiled.  Ex- 
cluding the  old  war  applications,  there  remains  a  difference  of  nearly 
100,000  claims.  In  the  latter  aud  larger  number  are  included  all  appli- 
cations filed  for  pension,  which  may  include  an  invalid  who  dies,  his 
widow  who  applies  and  remarries,  and  then  the  minor  children,  being 
in  this  instance  three  pension  claims  on  account  of  the  same  soldier. 

In  the  former  table  it  has  been  the  imrpose  to  report  in  each  classifi- 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECEETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     755 

cation  only  one  pension  or  claim  for  each  individual  soldier,  so  that  if 
the  invalid  applies  and  is  pensioned,  dies,  and  the  widow  then  applies 
and  is  pensioned,  she  dies  or  remairies,  and  a  claim  is  made  for  the 
minor  children  and  they  are  pensioned,  it  is  reported  but  once,  and 
then  as  a  claim  for  a  minor,  "admitted,"  or  "pending:,"  as  the  case  may 
be,  without  taking  note  of  the  former  pensions  or  of  the  applications, 
the  object  not  being  to  show  the  number  who  have  applied  or  been 
pensioned  for  each  individual  service,  but  the  number  of  iudividuaL 
services  on  account  of  which  pension  has  been  claimed  or  allowed. 

APPEALS. 

During  the  past  year  there  have  been  409  appeals  from  the  decision 
of  the  Commissioner  of  Pensions  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior.  Of 
this  number  20  have  been  reversed  by  you  and  the  proper  action  taken 
in  pursuance  thereof.  In  284  cases  you  have  seen  lit  to  sustain  my  ac- 
tion, and  83  cases  have  been  reopened  by  this  oflice,  and  16  cases  still 
remain  undecided. 

All  of  the  above-mentioned  decisions  which  settle  new  and  leading 
questions  are  prqmptly  copied  and  a  carefully  printed  syllabus  of  each 
is  prepared,  and  the  same  distributed  among  the  force  for  their  instruc- 
tion. In  this  connection  I  cannot  in  too  strong  terms  state  the  benefits 
which  have  been  derived  by  the  i)reparatiou  and  general  distribution 
among  the  examiners,  of  the  laws,  decisions,  and  rulings  of  the  Secre- 
taries and  the  orders  and  rulings  of  Pension  Commissioners.  It  is  my 
intention  to  republish  the  same,  revised  to  date,  and  also  a  treatise  upon 
the  practice  of  the  department  in  pension  cases,  which  has  been  pre- 
pared with  great  care  by  Deputy  Commissioner  C.  B.  Walker,  and  will 
prove  of  incalculable  benefit  in  the  expedition  and  uniform  treatment 
of  claims. 

In  conclusion  I  wish  to  express  the  sense  of  obligation  I  am  under 
for  the  consideration  shown  me  by  the  Secretary,  during  my  first  year's 
administration  of  this  difficult  office.  With  the  means  now  at  my  dis- 
posal it  will  be  inexcusable,  if  the  largest  bureau  of  this  department 
does  not  produce  results  that  will  reflect  credit  upon  your  administra- 
tion. I  trust,  however,  that  you  will  make  some  allowance  for  tlie  time 
of  experienced  examiners  lost  to  the  present  settlement  of  claims  in 
instructing  the  new  force  in  their  duties.  I  wish  also  to  say  tliat  much 
of  the  efficiency  of  this  bureau  during  the  past  year  is  due  to  the  ability 
and  zeal  with  which  I  have  been  supported  by  my  deputy  commissioners 
and  chief  clerk,  and  also  to  the  unremitting  industry  and  executive 
ability  of  my  chiefs  of  division,  as  well  as  the  general  efficiency  of  the 
force  under  their  direction. 

Respectfully  submitted. 

W.  W.  DUDLEY, 

Commissioner, 


756  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 


KEPORT  OF    THE    ARCHITECT   OF    THE    UNITED    STATES 

CAPITOL. 

Sir  :  I  have  tlio  honor  to  submit  tlie  annual  report,  showing  the 
progress  made  since  the  last  annual  report  in  the  various  works  under 
the  direction  of  the  Architect  of  the  Capitol,  and  a  statement  of  the  ex- 
penditures made  on  account  of  the  same  during  the  fiscal  year  ending 
June  30, 1882. 

THE  CAPITOL. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  present  Congress  several  additional  rooms 
were  required  for  the  use  of  committees.  So  urgent  was  this  demand, 
that  rooms  formerly  occupied  for  storage  and  even  ends  of  corridors 
have  been  fitted  up  to  meet  this  want. 

Rooms  are  now  being  made,  as  provided  by  law,  In  the  crypt  for  the 
storing  of  books  connected  with  the  Library  of  Congress. 

The  file-room  connected  with  the  office  of  the  Clerk  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  has  been  extended  in  a  fire-proof  manner  and  furnished 
with  iron  shelving  and  metallic  file-cases. 

Bathing-rooms,  as  provided  by  a  joint  resolution,  have  been  fitted  up 
in  the  basement  of  the  south  wing,  and  the  space  formerly  occupied  by 
them  has  been  annexed  to  the  restaurant  and  put  in  condition  for  use. 
As  many  members  have  expressed  a  desire  to  have  the  marble  tubs 
which  were  taken  from  the  old  bathing-rooms  again  brought  into  use,  I 
have  caused  the  two  most  free  from  cracks  to  be  placed  in  the  base- 
ment, in  rooms  constructed  for  that  purpose. 

The  elevator  in  the  House  wing  has  been  completed,  and  that  in  the 
Senate  is  being  rebuilt  so  as  to  insure  additional  safety  and  speed.  A 
warehouse  lift,  controlled  by  steam-jjower,  is  being  put  in  the  Senate 
wing  for  the  convenient  handling  of  documents  connected  with  the 
folding-room  at  the  basement. 

A  large  amount  of  painting  and  other  repairs  have  been  made 
throughout  the  building. 

The  condition  of  the  iron- work  of  the  dome  was  found  to  be  such  that 
much  of  the  old  paint  had  to  be  taken  off  by  mechanical  and  chemical 
means  to  get  rid  of  the  cracks,  many  of  which  had  exposed  the  iron  and 
caused  rust  stains.  This  condition  appeared  mostly  confined  to  that 
part  of  the  work  which  during  its  construction  was  primed  with  "  plum- 
bago" paint. 

The  old  portion  of  the  copper  roof  near  the  dome  and  over  the  rooms 
occupied  by  the  Library  of  Congress  has  been  so  injured  by  materials 
falling  upon  it  when  the  dome  was  in  course  of  construction  that  it  can 
no  longer  be  kept  weather-tight,  and  I  recommend  that  a  new  roof  be 
placed  over  this  portion  of  the  structure  the  coming  building  season. 

The  heating  apparatus  of  both  wings  has  been  kept  in  good  running 
order.  Of  that  of  the  House  of  Representatives — the  running  of  which 
the  Architect  has  more  immediate  charge — ^Mr.  Lannan,  the  engineer,  in 
his  report,  says : 

Through  the  entire  session  of  the  last  Congress  the  daily  ohservations  commenced 
last  year  were  continued,  accompanied  by  accurate  instrumental  teats  and  measure- 
ments. Of  that  which  pertained  to  the  heating  and  veiijbilating  of  the  hall  of  the 
House  of  Representatives  they  have  been  carefiiUy  taken,  tabulated,  and  preserved. 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     757 

They  show  for  the  period  embraced  iu  the  months  of  December,  January,  February, 
March,  and  April  the  following  results,  viz : 

Average  relative  humidity,  per  ccut .46^ 

Average  revolution  fan  per  minute 58 

Volume  of  air  carried  to  hall  by  each  revolution  of  fun,  cubic  feet  .^ 833 

Volume  of  air  carried  to  hall  jjer  minute  by  each  revolution  of  fan,  cubic 

feet 47,872 

Volume  for  each  person  present,  per  minute,  cubic  feet Gt 

Volume  removed  for  each  person  present,  per  minute,  cubic  feet 72 

It  will  be  observed  that  the  volume  of  air  removed  was  somewhat  greater  than  that 
delivered.  This  fact  is  largely  due  to  the  expansion  of  the  air,  as  the  measurements 
of  the  air  delivered  was  made  at  its  temperature  at  the  outside,  while  that  of  the  air 
expelled  was  made  at  the  point  of  exit  of  the  building,  where  it  was  heated  and  con- 
sequently increased  in  volume.  During  the  Garticld  memorial  services,  when  there 
were 2,400  persons  present  in  the  hall,  the  macbinery  and  appliances  of  this  depart- 
ment were  severely  tested  and  with  most  satisfactory  results.  There  were  forced  into 
the  hall  113.885  cubic  feet  of  air  per  minxite,that  being  nearly  48  feet  to  each  person 
per  minute.  The  temperature  of  the  hall  was  likewise  under  easy  control,  as  there 
was  but  one  degree  variation  of  temperature  during  this  whole  ceremony,  the  ther- 
mometer ran^n^  between  69°  and  70*^. 

The  small  fan  nas  been  taken  down  and  reset,  and  the  boilers  have  been  repaired  and 
placed  in  good  order.  As  these  boilers  have  now  been  in  use  twenty-four  years,  they 
have  been  stripped  of  all  their  coverings,  thoroughly  examined,  and,  to  all  appear- 
ances, are  perfectly  strong  and  secure ;  but  during  the  next  recess  I  am  of  the  opinion 
that  extensive  repairs  will  have  to  be  made  to  them.  I  am  gratified  that  as  a  further 
measure  of  precaution  you  have  requested  the  Secretai'y  of  the  Navy  to  detail  some 
of  the  engineer  officers  of  his  department  to  make  a  fiirther  test  and  inspection  of 
these  boilers. 

The  boilers  above  referred  to  have,  iu  conformity  with  an  order  from 
the  Navy  Department,  been  inspected  by  Messrs.  John  Lowe  and  W.  B. 
Bailey,  i^assed  assistant  engineers  United  States  Navy,  who  report  as 
follows : 

The  boilers,  four  in  number,  were  entirely  stripped  of  their  brick  jackets,  thua 
wholly  expcsing  their  exterior  surfaces.  The  fire-boxes  were  first  carefully  inspected ; 
during  the  time  each  was  undergoing  inspection  the  boiler  was  subjected  to  a  hydro- 
static pressure  of  110  pounds  per  square  inch,  none  of  the  flat  surfaces  in  the  fire- 
boxes showing  any  signs  of  weakness. 

The  following  defects  were  found,  however : 

In  furnace  No.  1,  three  patches  about  the  water-legs  and  one  small  blister. 

In  furnace  No.  2,  one  small  crack  in  the  tube  sheet  and  one  patch  on  the  water-leg. 

In  furnace  No.  3,  two  patches  and  one  blister  on  the  water-legs. 

In  furnace  No.  4,  one  blister,  three  patches,  and  one  crack. 

These  defects  do  not  materially  impair  the  efficiency  of  the  boilers,  but  wo  would 
recommend  that  the  blisters  be  carefully  watched  and  cut  out  if  they  are  foond  to 
increase. 

The  water  was  then  lot  out  of  the  boilers,  manhole  plates  removed,  and  the  interior 
of  the  boilers  examined.  The  boilers  are  well  and  sufficiently  bnico<l ;  the  iron,  such 
as  can  be  seen,  presents  no  signs  of  corrosion,  mud  deposit,  or  incnistation. 

These  boilers  were  built  by  Ellis  &.  Sons,  of  Washington,  in  1857,  and  are  conse- 
quently twenty-five  years  old.  Notwithstanding  their  great  length  of  service,  owing 
to  good  material  and  workmanship  in  construction,  careful  management,  and  the  use 
of  pure  fresh  water,  we  find  them  in  good  condition,  and  in  our  opinion  perfectly  safe 
for  a  working  pressure  of  forty  pounds  per  square  inch. 

ELECTEIO  LIGHTING. 

As  relates  to  the  machinery  for  electric  lip:htin<r,  ^Mr.  A.  B.  Talcott, 
electrician  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  states  that  on  entering  ujwn 
his  duties  February  1,  1882,  ho  found  the  coils  and  burners  over  tho  Hall 
of  Representatives  in  excellent  condition,  and  says  in  his  report  that — 

Through  long  use  the  switches  had  become  so  burned  and  oxydiztul  as  to  b«  wholly 
unreliable.  It  being  impossible  to  make  the  necessary  repairs  while  Congress  wiw  in 
session,  a  temi)orary  system  of  connections  was  improvised  which  proved  satisfuctory 
for  the  time  being.  New  switches,  less  expensive  and  moro  readily  accessible,  will  bo 
pat  in  before  the  reassembling  of  Congress. 


758  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

The  electric  ralvcB,  by  •which  the  paa  is  turned  on  and  shut  off  the  hnrucrs,  have 
■become  worn,  causing  slight  leaks.  Tliose  are  now  being  changed  so  as  to  place  them 
under  control  of  the  operator  at  the  switch  board,  and  prevent  leakage.  From  long 
Bse  and  frequent  temporary  repairs  the  connections  between  the  burners  in  the  Rotunda 
have  become  bared  so  as  to  form  ground  connections  on  the  slightest  movement  of  the 
glass  globe.  Th^se  will  be  renewed  with  new  coils  and  supports  for  the  same  during 
the  coming  month. 

The  engine,  dynamo-machine,  and  other  apparatus  are  in  good  condition.  During 
the  months  of  March,  April,  and  May  a  series  of  experiments  was  made  by  the  Amer- 
ican Electric  Light  Company  in  connection  with  their  incandescent  light,  but  through 
imperfections  in  their  machinery  no  results  were  reached  that  would  furnish  data  of 
any  value.  These  experiments  were  conducted  at  their  own  expense,  the  use  of  the 
government  engine  being  allowed  them  for  motive  power. 

CAPITOL  GROUNDS. 

Eelating  to  the  Capitol  grounds,  Mr.  Frederick  Law  Olmsted,  land- 
scape architect,  furnishes  the  following  report  accompauied  with  an  ap- 
pendix, forming  an  index  to  trees  about  the  Capitol,  with  advice  to  visitors 
interested  in  them.    He  says: 

The  principal  construction  works  upon  the  Capitol  grounds  dxtring  the  fiscal  year 
ending  July  1,  1882,  have  been  the  following : 

PROGRESS  OF  CONSTRUCTION. 

(1.)  The  southeast  entrance-way,  which  is  now  completed,  except  in  respect  to 
lighting  arrangements. 

(2.)  The  entrance  to  the  southern  system  of  wheel-ways  and  walks  from  Maryland 
avenue,  the  stone  work  of  which  is  complete. 

(3.)  The  wall  and  coping  on  the  east  and  south  border  by  which  the  inclosure  ot 
the  ground  is  completed. 

(4).  The  walls,  coping,  stairs,  and  drainage  arrangements  of  the  direct  approach 
from  Marylard  avenue  to  the  west  entrance  of  the  Capitol. 

(5.)  Foundation  work  of  the  parapet  wall  bounding  the  j)latform  between  the  base 
of  the  Capitol  and  the  central  field  of  turf  on  the  west.  • 

(6.)  Twenty-four  thousand  square  feet  of  plain  and  10,000  square  feet  of  "mosaic" 
artificial  stone  flagging. 

The  ground  adjoining  the  several  new  works  of  masonry,  heretofoire  temporarily  pre- 
pared, has  been  broken  up,  regraded,  with  improved  modeling  of  the  surface,  and 
sodded  or  planted. 

INCOJIPLETE  WORK. — THE  TERRACE. 

In  reviewing  the  present  aspect  of  the  Capitol  it  should  be  borne  in  mind  that  the 
area  within  a  distance  of  from  100  to  150  feet  of  the  Capitol,  including  the  slopes 
beyond  the  high  earth  works,  remains  as  it  was  temporarily  prepared  twenty  years 
ago  pending  the  design  of  a  general  plan  for  the  improvement  of  the  ground.  The 
more  nearly  the  improvement  beyond  this  space  is  brought  to  realize  its  local  inten- 
tion, the  more  unsuitable,  shabby,  and  disorderly  must  the  central  and  more  conspic- 
uous ground  appear,  so  that  the  better  the  work  done  the  less  satisfactory  is  the 
result  as  a  whole.  The  anomaly  will  be  more  and  more  marked  until  the  terrace  and 
western  stairway  shall  have  been  completed  and  the  adjoining  ground  graded  and 
finished  in  adaptation  to  them. 

The  present  Joint  Committee  on  Public  Buildings  and  Grounds  have  reviewed  the 
plans  for  these  structures  adopted  seven  years  ago  by  Congress,  on  the  recommenda- 
tion of  their  predecessors,  and  it  is  understood  that  all  its  members  are  convinced  that 
they  should  be  carried  out  without  needless  delay.  Until  Congress  adopts  this  couclu- 
sion  the  Capitol  grounds  mxist  both  be  seen  at  disadvantage  and  produce  impressions 
unjust  to  the  general  design  incorporating  them. 

For  the  convenience  of  the  committee  a  brief  statement,  witli  illustrative  sketches 
of  the  plan  ot*the  terrace,  was  prepared  last  winter. 

The  construction  of  the  terrace  will  involve  no  breaking  up  of  ground  or  roads  or 
walks  already  finished,  and  need  cause  no  inconvenience  to  the  ordinary  business  of 
the  Capitol. 

PROGRESS  OF  PLANTATIONS. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  year  the  effect  of  a  summer  of  extraordinary  heat  and  drought 
followed  by  a  winter  of  unprecedented  cold,  was  still  marked  in  the  condition  of  the 
plantations ;  with  the  exception  of  a  tew  broad-leaved  evergreens,  they  have  since 
recovered  and  are  now  growing  vigorously.    The  death  of  certain  shrubs  the  present 


REPORT  OF  THK  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     759 

year  has  been  traced  to  gas  leaks,  and  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  the  time  is  near  when 
through  the  introduction  of  an  iiiiiirovcd  econouiical  method  of  elfctric  lighting  the 
danger  attending  the  nst?  of  illuniinating  gas  in  i)lanted  grounds  may  be  avoided. 

The  four  lines  of  plane  trees  on  the  west  of  the  Capitol  are  growing  verj-  thriftily, 
but  are  cheeked  and  given  lop-sided  forms  by  the  interference  of  what  remains  of  the 
old  avenue  trees  they  are  designed  to  flupersede. 

This  will  be  obvious  on  comparing  the  crowded  trees  with  others  of  their  kind  not 
so  affected.  The  injury  is  not,  as  yet,  so  great  Miat  it  may  not  be  remedied,  but 
the  tiual  removal  of  the  remaining  old  trees,  nearly  all  of  which  are  jilaiuly  dist-ased 
or  dilapidated,  should  not  be  delayed  nu»ro  than  another  year. 

The  temporary  loss  of  shade  will  soon  be  amply  coiupeusated  by  the  overarching  of 
the  new  trees. 

INDEX  TO  TliKES. 

There  being  trees  on  the  ground  unknown  to  many  visitors  from  distant  jiarts  of 
the  country,  upon  a  suggestion  kindly  made  by  members  of  Congress,  labels  have 
been  placed  before  a  large  number,  giving  their  names,  and  a  map,  index,  and  refer- 
ences prepared  for  the  use  of  strangers.  To  further  foster,  meet,  and  lead  on  to  more 
useful  fields  any  disposition  of  inquiry  that  might  occur  upon  the  ground  in  respect 
to  sylviculture,  especially  with  those  having  little  knowledge  of  the  subject,  an  explan  • 
atory  account  of  the  plantations  has  been  added,  with  advice  as  to  opportunities  of 
fuller  information.    Copies  of  all  are  appended. 

EXTENSION  TO   COURT  HOUSE,  WASHINGTON,  D.   C. 

The  extension  to  tbis  building  as  antborized  by  the  act  of  Congress 
approved  Febrnary  23,  18S1,  is  now  approaching  completion.  The 
principal  story  for  the  nse  of  tlie  courts  and  offices  connected  therewith 
will  be  ready  for  occupation  during  the  present  season,  aiul  the  other 
portions  of  the  building  will  be  completed  during  the  coming  winter. 

THE   COURT  HOUSE. 

As  the  repairs  made  to  the  old  portion  of  this  building  immediately 
after  the  storm  of  June  27,  1881,  were  only  such  as  were  necessary  to 
protect  the  building  and  its  contents  from  farther  injury  from  storms, 
many  repairs  in  the  interior  of  the  building,  such  as  plastering,  ])ainting, 
&c.,  occasioned  by  the  storm,  were  not  made  at  that  time.  These  repairs, 
together  with  many  others,  renewing  and  repairing  heflting  furnaces, 
and  repairs  to  tin  roof  of  old  portion  of  building,  &c.,  have  been  made 
and  paid  for  out  of  the  appropriation  of  $800  made  for  annual  repairs 
to  City  Hall. 

EXTENSION     TO     G0VERN:VIENT     PRINTING     OFFICE     BUILDINGS     AND 

STABLES. 

In  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  the  act  ap])roved  ^Nfareh  ."iO, 
1881,  an  extension  has  been  erected  to  this  building  1)3  feet  by  00  feet, 
four  stories  high,  and  a  stable  for  the  accommodation  of  twenty  horses, 
with  a  shelter  for  wagons,  at  a  cost  within  that  preseribccl  by  hiw.  The 
stable,  wagon  sheds,  and  fences  connected  cost  $5,340.20. 

BOTANIC   GARDEN. 

During  the  present  year  these  grounds  have  been  much  inii>roved  by 
cutting  down  the  mound  over  the  "Tiber"  sewer,  aJid  witli  the  earth 
from  the  same  fdling  the  lawns  to  the  grade  required  ft>r  the  walks. 

The  heating  apj)aratus,  to  whifh  two  new  boilers  have  been  a<lded, 
has  been  put  in  good  order  for  the  winter  and  the  necessary  jiairiting 
and  reglazing  has  been  done.  The  concrcto  walks  have  been  exUMideil. 
The  buildings  at  the  south  side  of  ^faryhuid  avenue  have  been  i>nt  in  a 
good  condition,  principally  by  a<lding  new  rafters  to  the  "rose"  house 
and  new  staging  in  two  of  the  other  houses.  Next  year  it  will  berome 
necessary  to  paint  the  entire  conservatory,  as  much  of  the  iron  work  is 
now  exposed  to  the  weather. 


760  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

Statement  showing  amomite  eiepended  from  June  30,  1881,  to  June  30,  1682. 

CAPITOL  EXTENSION. 

For  amount  of  pay  rolls,  meclianlcs,  laborers,  &c $35, 623  68 

For  amount  of  labor  uot  on  rolls,  paid  by  vouchers 508  80 

For  amount  i}ai(lfor  painting  material 2,287  13 

For  amount  paid  lor  salary  of  architect 4,500  00 

For  amount  paid  for  plumbers'  and  steam  littiug  material 2, 452  43 

For  amount  paid  for  hardware  and  iron 1,249  36 

For  amount  paid  for  disbursing  agent 1,000  00 

For  amount  paid  for  lumber 1,324  76 

For  amount  paid  for  marble  and  granite 42  76 

For  amount  paid  for  freight  and  express  charges 150  88 

For  amount  paid  for  winding  and  repairing  clocks 100  00 

For  amount  paid  for  stationery 109  75 

For  amount  paid  for  forage 9^  00 

For  amount  paid  for  fresco  painting ; 2,620  00 

For  amount  paid  for  nickel  plating 90  00 

For  amount  paid  for  cement,  lime,  brick,  &c 1,487  30 

For  amount  paid  for  brushes,  soaps,  sponges,  &c 354  83 

For  amount  paid  for  grate  bars  and  castings 949  57 

For  amount  paid  for  tile 389  57 

For  amount  paid  for  rolled  iron  bars 1,082  74 

For  amount  paid  for  photographs 56  56 

For  amount  paid  for  miscellaneous  bills 181  25 

Amount  available  July  1,  1882 146  63 

57, 000  00 

Amount  appropriated  June  16, 1881 $50,000  00 

Amount  appropriated  for  Capitol  and  general  repairs,  August 

15,  1882 2,000  00 

Amount  appropriated  for  fitting  up  bath  rooms,  July  8, 1882. . .      3, 000  00 
Amount  appropriated  for  completion  of  iron  shelving,  file  room, 

Augusts,  1882 2,000  00 

57,000  00 

LIGHTING  UNITED  STATES  CAPITOL  AND  GROUNDS. 

For  amount  paid  for  pay  rolls,  lamplighters  and  superintendent  of  meters.  $4, 692  50 

For  amount  paid  for  gas  consumed 23, 403  23 

For  amount  paid  for  electric  bells  and  material  for  electric  lighting 251  76 

For  amount  paid  for  chandeliers,  globes,  and  gas  fitting 855  57 

For  amount  paid  for  posts,  lamps,  and  lanterns 360  10 

For  amount  available  July  1,1882 436  84 

30,000  00 

Amount  appropriated  March  3, 1881 .^ 30,000  00 

CAPITOL  GROUNDS.. 

For  amount  of  pay  rolls,  mechanics,  &c $31,452  95 

For  amount  paid  for  labor  by  vouchers,  not  on  rolls 481  08 

For  amount  paid  for  lime,  sand,  and  cement 2,177  49 

For  amount  paid  for  bricks 663  99 

For  amount  paid  for  lumber ."II 663  75 

For  amount  paid  for  hardware 321  88 

For  amount  paid  for  granite  and  Ohio  stone  work 11,255  29 

For  amount  paid  for  soil  and  hauling 464  36 

For  amount  paid  for  artificial  stone  pavement 5,818  07 

For  amount  paid  for  services  of  draughtsman 1,076  11 

lor  amount  paid  for  moving  and  repairing  engmesr's  office 168  68 

For  amount  paid  for  miscellaneous  items                                             232  09 

For  amount  paid  for  services  of  landscape  architecsfc 2,  000  00 

lor  amount  paid  for  traveling  expenses  of  landscape  architect 217  97 

1?  or  amount  paid  for  stationery 24  95 

For  amount  paid  for  rent  of  lot,  enginee^'soidce '.'.".'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.  30  00 

For  amount  paid  for  galvanized  iron  pij)e .., 58  70 


REPOET  OF  THE  SECRET AEY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.  761 

For  amount  paid  for  plumbiug  material $112  67 

For  amonnt  paid  for  photograpbdc  copies  of  grounds 15  00 

For  amount  paid  for  painting  material 35  40 

For  amount  paid  for  manure 200  00 

For  amount  ijaid  for  rubble  stone 57  12 

For  amount  paid  for  trees,  shrubs,  and  plants 670  20 

For  amount  available  July  1,  ldd2 1,782  95 

CO, 000  00 

Amount  appropriated  June  16, 1880 60,000  00 

EXTENSION  OK  GOVERNMENT  FEINTING  OFFICE. 

For  amount  expended  prior  to  July  1,1880  , $7,305  13 

For  amount  of  pay  rolls 5,271  47 

For  amount  of  labor  paid  by  vouchers,  not  on  rolls 1, 068  93 

For  amount  for  lime,  sand,  and  cement 1,  033  17 

For  amount  for  building  stone t)09  00 

For  amount  for  laying  buikling  stone 1,  •'•40  75 

For  amount  for  tin  work 687  46 

For  amount  for  laying  bricks 2,717  87 

For  amount  for  bricks 4,092  52 

For  amount  for  concreting "^78  12 

For  amount  for  plastering  and  materials 269  28 

For  amount  for  material  for  plumbing  and  gas  fitting 1, 240  00 

For  amount  for  cut-stone  work 609  84 

For  amount  for  painting  and  glazing 700  93 

For  amount  for  iron  beams 8,434  20 

For  amount  for  lumber,  frames,  and  sash 2,277  01 

For  amount  for  lightning  rods 104  (H) 

For  amount  for  stationery :J2  10 

For  amount  for  moving  old  shop -W  50 

For  amount  for  rent  of  shop 72  50 

For  amount  available  July  1,  1883 037  17 

40, 000  00 

Amount  appropriated  March  3,  1881 40,000  00 

'  ENLARGING  COURT-HOUSE,  WASHINGTON,  D.  0. 

For  amount  expended  prior  to  July  1,  1880 $8, 465  39 

For  amount  for  pay-rolls 6,226  72 

For  amount  for  plumbing  material .-- -•-  li  151  64 

For  amount  for  brick-laying ~'''^',i^  ^"^ 

For  amount  for  rubble-stone  work 163  00 

For  amount  for  cut-stone  work 16, 135  32 

For  amount  for  advertising 22  17 

For  amount  for  plastering 18  00 

For  amount  for  stcam-heuting 2,000  00 

For  amount  for  transportation 16  00 

For  amount  for  rolled-iron  beams. 14,  892  59 

For  amount  for  painting  material =>63  58 

For  amount  for  bricks 12,311  22 

For  amount  for  tin  roofing 2,944  55 

For  amount  for  hardware 31K)  19 

For  amount  for  labor  not  on  rolls  paid  by  voucher ....  648  56 

For  amount  for  cement  and  sand 808  50 

For  amount  for  lumber • 'i,742  98 

For  amount  available  July  1,  1882 39,926  54 

117,000  00 
Amount  appropriated  February  23,  1881,  $117,000. 

Very  respectfully  submitted. 

EDWARD  CLARK, 
Architect  United  States  Capitol. 


762  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYINa  THE 


REPORT  OF  THE  FREEDMEN'S  HOSPITAL  AND  ASYLUM. 

Freedmen's  Hospital, 
Washington,  D.  C,  July  20,  1882. 

Sm :  I  have  the  lionor  to  submit  the  annual  report  of  this  hospital 
for  the  fiscal  year  ending-  June  30,  1882. 

The  year  just  closed  has  been  an  unusually  busy  one.  That  some 
idea  of  the  growtii  of  the  institntion  may  be  formed,  I  Avill  state  that 
the  monthly  average  of  admissions  of  patients  has  been  more  than 
double  what  it  was  five  years  ago.  The  following  table  will  show  the 
number  admitted  and  treated  each  year  for  the  past  five  years. 

On  July  1,  1877,  there  were  213  patients  remaining  in  the  hospital. 
Five  hundred  and  nineteen  were  admitted  during  the  year,  making  a 
total  of  732  treated. 

On  Jidy  1,  1878,  231  remained  in  hospital;  admitted,  G42.  Total 
treated,  873. 

On  July  1,  1879,  217  remained  in  hosj>ital;  admitted,  817.  Total 
treated,  1,034. 

On  July  1,  1880,  223  remained  in  hospital ;  admitted,  872.  Total 
treated  1  095. 

On  July  1,  1881.  225  remained  in  hospital ;  admitted,  1,102.  Total 
treated,  1,;'>27. 

The  average  admissions  per  month  during  the  past  year  have  been  91f . 

Of  the  1,102  admitted,  345  were  white  and  757  colored.  The  accom- 
panying tables  will  show  the  class  of  diseases  treated.  I  invite  atten- 
tion to  the  large  number  of  cases  of  Bright's  disease.  I  am  unx^repared 
to  say  whether  the  disease  is  on  the  increase  or  the  better  methods 
of  diagnosis  are  such  as  to  enable  it  to  be  easily  recognized. 

The  record  also  shows  a  large  percentage  of  phthisical  cases,  es- 
pecially among  the  colored  patients.  I  attribute  this  to  the  fact  that 
these  people  are  ignorant  of  the  ordinary  laws  governing  health,  and 
are  subjected  to  much  physical  and  moral  depression.  The  febrile 
cases  have  also  been  quite  numerous,  to  which  attention  is  called. 

During  the  year  quite  a  luimber  of  surgical  operations  have  been 
performed,  among  which  may  be  mentioned  the  amputation  of  two 
thighs,  two  legs,  one  arm,  and  the  setting  of  twenty  fractures.  The 
management  congratulates  itself  npon  the  uniform  success  that  has 
attended  all  of  these  operations.  The  hospital  has  at  present  300  beds. 
The  capacity  can  be  increased  when  desired  to  400  by  utilizing  the 
lecture-rooms  connected  with  the  building. 

During  the  year  a  telephone  has  been  put  up,  which  is  of  great  value 
in  ail  cases  of  emergency. 

A  large  percentage  of  the  patients  are  admitted  upon  the  recom- 
mendation of  the  police  authorities.  They  are,  however,  subject  to  a 
medical  examination,  and,  if  proper  subjects,  a  report  of  the  admission 
is  forwarded  to  the  department  for  approval. 

Though  the  api)ropriation  for  the  past  year  was  small,  admission  of 
any  one  deserving  hospital  treatment  has  never  been  denied.  Patients 
have  been  admitted  at  all  hours  of  the  day  and  night. 

The  mortality  has  been  large,  but  this  can  readily  be  explained  from 
the  fact  that  many  of  the  jiatients  have  only  come  to  the  hospital  when 
their  cases  were  hopeless.  Quite  a  number  have  died  in  a  few  hours 
after  admission. 

In  this  community  there  is  a  prejudice  in  the  minds  of  the  people  to 
hospitals,  and  they  defer  going  to  them  until  they  have  exhausted  all 


REPORT   OF  TFT E   SECRETARY   OP  THE   INTERIOR.  763 

means  of  support  at  home.  In  my  judgment  there  should  be  a  board 
of  visitors  ai)pointed  who  should  feel  at  liberty  to  visit  the  institution 
at  all  times.  Such  a  board  would  assist  njaterially,  and  <?ive  the  public 
some  conception  of  the  size  and  facilities  the  hospital  otters,  which  seem 
to  be  poorly  understood. 

Though  established  twenty  years  ago,  and  general  in  every  sense, 
admitting,  as  it  does,  all  classes  of  citizens,  and  has  a  capacity  of  .'iOO 
beds,  little  seems  to  l)e  kncnvm  of  it  outside  of  those  who  are  compeJled 
to  seek  a  free  hospital.     With  this  class  the  institution  is  jjopular. 

The  management  is  constrained  to  express  a  regret  that  tbe  profes- 
sion of  the  District  have  manifested  such  a  little  interest  in  it.  Many 
pensioners  who  come  to  the  caiiital  have  availed  themselves  of  tbe 
benefits  otiered.  Their  admission  is  generally  upon  the  recommenda- 
tion of  the  Commissioner  of  Tensions. 

Religious  services  are  held  three  times  a  week  in  the  chapel,  on 
Wednesday  evenings  and  Sunday  mornings  and  evenings. 

The  i)aticnts  are  also  visited  daily  at  the  bedside  by  the  chaplains, 
who  write  letters,  and  perform  such  other  services  as  may  be  required 
of  them.  These  duties  are  discharged  by  two  theological  students. 
Catholic  and  other  patients  are  permitted  to  select  their  own  clergy, 
who  are  admitted  at  all  times.  During  the  year,  2,314  out-door  patients 
have  been  treated,  in  the  dispensary  which  is  attached.  A  report  of 
these  cases  will  be  found  in  the  accompanying  table.  The  sanitary 
condition  has  been  excellent,  the  decorum  of  the  patients  and  attend- 
ants all  that  could  be  desired. 

Owing  to  the  poverty  of  very  many  of  those  admitted,  clothing  Las 
been  issued  to  them. 

I  would  recommend  that  the  government  purchase  the  hospital  build- 
ings and  grounds.    As  the  institution  has  become  permanent,  it  is  mani- 
festly proper  that  the  property  should  belong  to  the  government. 
Verj  respectfully, 

0.  B.  PURVIS,  M.  D, 

Su  rgcon  -  in-  Chief. 

Don.  H.  M.  Teller, 

Secretary  of  the  Interior. 


KEPORT  OP  THE  COLUMBIA  INSTITUTIOIN^  FOR  THE  DEAF 

AND  DUMB. 

Columbia  Institution  for  the  Deaf  and  Du:\rB, 
Kendall  Green,  near  Washington,  I).  C,  October  31,  1882. 
Sir:  In  compliance  with  the  acts  of  Congress  nuilcing  provision  for 
the  support  of  this  institution,  we  have  the  honor  to  report  its  progress 
during  the  year  ending  June  30,  1882: 

The  pupils  rein:iiiiin<;  in  the  iustitntion  ou  the  Ist  of  July,  1681,  numbored ->0 

Admitted  diiriiiji;  the  yi-ar -.-.     25 

Since  adniitteil 27 

Total : Ill 

Under  instruction  since  July  1, 1881 :  Males,  04 ;  females,  17.  Of  these 
51  have  been  in  the  collegiatt'  de])artment,  representing  20  States  and 
the  Federal  district,  and  (!0  in  the  i)rimary  tle[»artuient.  A  list  of  the 
names  of  the  ])upils  connected  with  the  institution  since  July  1,1881, 
will  be  found  apjtended  to  this  report. 


764  PAPERS  ACCOMPANYING  THE 

HEALTH  OF    THE  INSTITUTION. 

General  good  health  has  prevailed  in  the  institution  since  the  date  of 
our  last  report.  A  case  of  scarlet  fever  made  its  appearance  during 
the  month  of  May  in  tlie  family  of  one  of  our  instructors  residing  in 
the  institution.  The  child,  with  its  mother,  was  promptly  removed  from 
the  building,  and  no  spread  of  the  disease  followed. 

The  prevalence  of  small-pox  in  parts  of  the  country  not  far  from 
Washington  suggested  the  desirableness  of  a  general  vaccination  of  the 
residents  of  Kendall  Green.  Vaccine  matter  was  procured  from  Z.  D. 
Gilman,  of  Washington,  prepared  by  Drs.  Robbins  and  Lewis,  Brook- 
lyn, N.  Y.,  and  applied  to  more  than  one  hundred  persons.  In  only  one 
case  did  the  operation  prove  successful. 

Application  was  then  made  to  Dr.  Ealph  Walsh,  of  Washington,  for 
matter  from  his  vaccine  farm  in  the  vicinity  of  the  city.  The  same  per- 
sons were  again  operated  upon,  and  with  scarely  an  exception  complete 
vaccination  was  the  result. 

One  pupil  only,  Miss  Alice  Turner,  has  died  since  the  date  o'f  our  last 
report.  Miss  Turner  had  been  connected  with  our  primary  department 
for  four  years,  and  was  a  young  woman  of  quick  mind  and  irreproach- 
able character.  Her  death,  which  occurred  at  her  home  just  at  the 
close  of  our  school  year,  was  caused  by  pulmonary  consumption. 

DEATH  OF  MISS  ANNA  A.  PRATT. 

We  are  also  called  to  mourn  the  loss  of  one  who  had  filled  an  import- 
ant position  in  the  institution  for  many  years,  and  who  was  greatly  b<5- 
loved  by  both  pupils  and  officers.      • 

On  the  9th  day  of  March  last  Miss  Anna  A.  Pratt,  for  fourteen  years 
matron  of  this  institution,  ended  her  earthly  labors  after  a  short  illness. 
Her  health  had  been  feeble  for  more  than  a  year,  and  but  a  few  weeks 
before  her  death  she  tendered  her  resignation,  feeling  that  she  was  no 
longer  able  properly  to  discharge  her  duties.  But  her  services  were  so 
highly  regarded  that  her  resignation  was  not  accepted,  and  an  arrange- 
ment was  made  for  a  considerable  reduction  of  her  responsibilities  and 
cares,  in  the  hope  that  with  rest  her  strength  might  be  restored.  It 
was  soon  apparent,  however,  that  her  constitution  was  hopelessly  un- 
dermined, and  she  sank  rapidly  from  what  seemed  at  first  a  light  attack 
of  catarrhal  pneumonia.  To  all  who  came  under  her  care  Miss  Pratt 
was  a  true  mother.  Pupils  and  officers  looked  to  her  as  such,  and  ap- 
pealed to  her  in  any  emergency,  sure  of  being  met  with  that  kindly  in- 
terest and  sympathy  which  can  only  come  from  the  maternal  heart. 
And  it  was  not  at  moments  of  unusual  need  alone  that  her  motherly 
care  was  manifested,  but  at  all  times  as  the  movement  of  domestic  life 
of  Kendall  Green  went  on  was  her  influence  felt.  No  one  can  ever  sur- 
pass Miss  Pratt  in  conscientious  devotion  to  duty ;  no  one  can  ever  fiil 
more  successfully  than  she  did  the  arduous  and  delicate  position  she 
was  called  upon  to  occupy.  Her  record  is  comj^lete,  and  she  will  ever 
be  remembered  by  those  who  knew  her  as  one  deserving  of  their  high 
est  respect  and  warmest  affection. 

The  position  made  vacant  by  the  death  of  Miss  Pratt  has  been  filled 
by  the  appointment  of  Miss  Ellen  Gordon,  lately  of  Exeter,  N.  H.,  and  the 
ability  shown  bj-  her  daring  the  few  mouths  she  has  acted  as  matron 
give  excellent  promise  of  success  in  the  future. 


REPORT   OF   THE    SECRETARY   OF   THE    INTERIOR.  765 

COURSES  OP  INSTRUCTION. 

The  ■work  of  instruction  in  the  several  departments  of  the  institution 
has  proceeded  with  no  essential  changes.  The  number  of  pupils  taught 
articulation  has  been  increased,  and  the  result  of  this  branch  of  instruc- 
tion has  been  encouraging. 

Classes  in  drawing  liave  been  taught  in  the  college  and  in  the  pri- 
mary department  by  Mr.  Arthur  D.  Bryant,  a  graduate  of  the  college  in 
1880.  Mr.  Bryant's  methods  have  proved  eminently  successful,  and 
the  progress  made  by  the  pupils  has  been  in  every  respect  satisfac- 
tory. 

PHYSICAL  TRAINING. 

The  results  growing  out  of  the  work  done  in  our  new  gymnasium 
have  been  most  gratifying,  whether  they  are  regarded  from  a  moral  or 
a  physical  point  of  view.  The  morale  of  the  institution  was  never  a»s 
high  as  during  the  past  year. 

The  instances  where  discipline  became  necessary  have  been  vcrj-  few 
as  compared  with  former  years,  and  the  reactive  effects  of  an  improved 
physique  on  the  mental  and  moral  faculties  has  been  markedly  favor- 
able in  many  instances. 

During  the  six  mouths  from  November  1  to  May  1,  all  the  students 
of  the  college  and  the  older  boys  trom  the  i)rimary  school  were  re- 
quired to  spend  four  hours  a  week  in  active  gymnastic  exercises,  viz, 
an  hour  on  Monday,  Tuesday,  Thursday,  aiul  Friday  of  each  week. 

These  exercises  consisted  of  dumb-bell  practice,  in  concert,  intended 
to  open  the  lungs,  stir  the  blood,  and  set  in  motion  the  whole  body,  and 
in  the  development  of  special  muscles  by  the  use  of  a  number  of  inge 
niously-prepared  machines,  designed  and  furnished  by  Dr.  D.  A.  Sar- 
gent, the  director  of  the  gymnasium  of  Harvard  University. 

The  dumb-bell  exercise  was  acquired  with  great  readiness,  and  given 
with  precision,  the  idea  of  rhythm  and  time  in  marching  being  con- 
veyed by  the  assistance  of  drum  beats. 

The  great  benefit  arising  from  tbe  use  of  the  special  apparatus  has 
been  clearly  shown  in  the  uniform  increase  of  chest  girths,  arm  girths, 
&c.,  in  tlie  erect  carriage  and  springy  stei)  of  tlie  students,  and  above 
all  in  the  desire  for  rcynho'  exen-ise,  as  shown  in  their  work  on  days 
when  tlu'  exercise  was  not  coini)ulsory. 

The  i)hysi(iue  of  each  student  was  carefnlly  recorded  in  a  series  of 
forty-two  measurenu'Uts  taken  at  the  beginning  antl  again  at  the  end 
of  the  season.  Tiie  average  chest  girth  of  about  lifty  young  men 
showed  the  following  gains: 

Xorombor.    M«y. 

Inflated «I7        .girt 

Repose 853        .86-1 

The  measurements  given  are  decimals  of  a  meter. 
The  greatest  gain  in  chest  girth  was : 

Novetnbor.    May. 

Inflated «»0        .972 

Repose 855        .910 

Some  interesting  cases  ocxiurred  of  the  development  of  limbs  into 
Bymmetrical  proportions  where  marked  discrepancies  existed  when  thi; 
first; measurements  were  taken. 


766  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

A  single  illustration  will  be  sufTicieut : 

Isovember.  May. 

Right  calf :*77  .388 

Left  calf =574  .'^ 

Upper  rifjht  arm '-i'J7  .".JOS 

Upper  loft  arm 300  .305 

TWENTY-FIFTH  ANNIVERSARY. 

It  was  on  the  23d  of  February,  1857,  that  the  act  of  Congress  incor- 
porating the  institution  was  accepted  and  made  the  basis  of  their  organ- 
ization by  the  board  of  directors.  The  recurrence  of  the  twenty-fifth  an- 
niversary of  that  day  was  deemed  a  fitting  occasion  on  which  to  iurite 
the  President  and  other  prominent  officers  of  the  Government  of  the 
United  States  to  visit  the  institution  and  see  something  of  its  workings. 

In  response  to  invitations,  the  President  of  the  United  States,  the 
acting  Vice-President,  the  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Kepresentatives,  the 
Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court,  the  Secretaries  of  State  and  War, 
the  Attorney-General,  the  Postmaster-General,  the  chairmen  and  sev- 
eral members  of  the  Committees  on  Appropriation,  the  Comptroller  and 
First  Auditor  of  the  Treasury,  with  ladies  accompanying  them,  sj)eut 
the  evening  of  February  23d  last  at  the  institution.  They  Avere  re- 
ceived by  the  president  and  directors  of  the  institution  and  its  otiicers, 
in  the  gymnasium,  where  an  exhibition  of  athletic  exercises  was  given. 
The  company  then  passed  through  the  college  building  to  the  chapel, 
where  the  pupils  of  the  primary  departments  and  the  students  of  the 
college  gave  evidence  in  various  exhibitions  of  the  attainments  they  had 
made.  The  exercises  were  concluded  with  a  pantomime  which  had  been 
prepared  by  one  of  the  students  of  the  college,  and  was  given  by  sev- 
eral of  the  young  men.  The  visitors  exi)ressed  great  delight  and  sur- 
prise at  the  progress  which  had  been  made  by  the  pupils  and  students. 

EXERCISES  OF  PRESENTATION  DAY. 

The  exercises  of  the  regular  public  anniversary  of  the  college  took 
place  on  the  3d  day  of  May.  In  the  absence  of  the  President  of  the 
United  States,  ex-officio  patron  of  the  institution,  the  Speaker  of  the 
House,  Hon.  J.  W.  Keifer,  called  the  assembly  to  order.  Expressing 
his  hearty  interest  in  the  institution  and  his  regret  that  he  would  not 
be  able  to  remain  through  the  exercises.  Speaker  Keifer,  in  a  few  felic- 
itously-chosen words,  invited  Hon.  George  Bancroft,  the  eminent  his- 
torian, to  take  the  chair.  The  exercises  were  then  opened  with  prayer 
by  Kev.  William  A.  Leonard,  D.  D.,  rector  of  Saint  John's  church.  The 
candidates  for  degrees  presented  essays  as  follows  : 

Dissertation — Liberty  and  Law.  Edward  Louis  Van  Damme,  Mich- 
igan. 

Oration — Progress  of  Agriculture.    Lars  Larson,  Wisconsin. 

JDissertation — Grecian  Art  in  the  time  of  Pericles.  John  Gordon  Sax- 
ton,  New  York. 

Dissertation — Was  America  discovered  by  the  Northmen  ?  George 
Layton,  West  Virginia. 

Oration — The  Scientific  Achievements  of  Faraday.  George  Thomas 
Dougherty,  Missouri. 

Oration — Monuments.     Eobert  Middleton  Zeigler,  Pennsylvania. 

Oration — Contributions  from  the  New  World  to  the  Old.  Thomas 
Hines  Coleman,  South  Carolina, 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     767 

Messrs.  Coleman,  Zeigler,  Larson,  and  Van  Damme  were  then  pre- 
sented by  the  iiresident  of  the  college  to  the  board  of  directors  as  can- 
didates for  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Arts,  and  Messrs.  Dougherty, 
Layton,  and  Saxton  for  the  «legrec  of  Bachelor  of  Science. 

The  honorary  degree  of  INIaster  of  Arts  was  conferred  on  Lars  A. 
Havstad,  of  Christiaiiia,  Norway,  a  deaf-mute,  who  had  made  unusual 
acquisitions  in  science  and  letters. 

Kev.  William  C.  Cattell,  D.  D.,  LL.  D.,  presideut  of  Lafayette  Col- 
lege, then  delivered  the  following  address  on — 

A  LIBERAL  EDUCATION. 

The  National  College  for  Deaf-Miites  has  a  deeper  significance  than  other  philan- 
throjtic  inetitntions  fDunded  to  ameliorate  the  condition  of  those  deprived  of  hear- 
ing and  speech.  Any  institution  with  this  general  aim  would  iinlced  enlint  our  iiro- 
foundest  sympatby  ;  for  our  hearts  go  out  in  tender  and  loving  interest  towards  those 
hrothers  and  sisters  of  ours  who  are  deaf  or  blind— in  our  Fathei-'s  house  they  seem 
80  near  to  us  and  they  are  so  far  away,  in  their  rayless  or  silent  land,  from  the  high 
privileges  of  our  common  home.  And  we  not  only  admire  and  applaud  the  private 
philanthropy  that  holds  forth  to  them  its  helping  hand,  hut  likewise  all  well  dinctod 
apj)ropriations  for  their  benefit  from  the  })nlilie  fuuds;  men  who  most  critically  ex- 
amine the  legality  and  exediency  of  approjiriations  from  the  public  treasury — State 
or  national — as  they  read  these  appro])riations  for  the  blind  or  the  deaf,  lind  their 
hearts  beating  faster  with  generous  delight. 

But  "  The  National  Dcaf-Mnte  College,"  organized  in  1864,  means  something  more 
than  "The  Columbia  Institution  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,"  previously  established,  or 
any  similar  institution  having  in  view  the  general  philanthropic  object  to  better  their 
condition.  The  distinct  and  definite  aim  of  every  college  is  to  afford  liberal  culture; 
and  while  the  establishment  of  this  college  Ijy  Congress  emphasizes  the  value  our 
national  legislature  places  upon  those  liberal  studies  which  lead  to  academic  degrees, 
it  marks  also  a  great  and  important  advance  in  the  education  ]irovided  for  deaf-mutes, 
an  advance  not  only  in  degree,  but  in  kind.  These  noble  buildings,  all  this  generous 
scientific  equipment,  this  large  faculty  of  able  and  distinguished  scholars — all  this 
assures  us  not  only  of  the  increased  thoroughness  and  breadth,  and  eflieiency  of  the 
special  instruction  here  given  to  the  deaf-mute;  but  also  that,  in  its  enlarged  range 
of  instruction,  are  now  included  those  liberal  studies  which  liavo  for  geueratiGns  at- 
tracted theaspiring  scholar  to  the  academic  groves  of  Harvard  and  Yale. 

It  is  therefore  no  longer  a  disputed  question  whether  the  deaf-mute  can  or  ought 
to  enter  upon  studies  wliich  have  for  their  object  something  more  than  to  enable  him 
to  converse  by  writing  in  the  absence  of  articulate  8i)eech,  or  to  tit  him  for  some  eui- 
ployment  by  which  he  nuay  earn  his  living.  Elementary  and  practical  studies  are  of 
course  of  the  utmost  importance  for  him  as  they  are  for  all  others;  they  lie  at  the 
very  base  of  all  education.  But  the  liberal  training  which  the  college  gives  is  yet 
separate  and  <listinct  in  its  aim,  and  to  some  extent  in  il.s  uietliods,  from  that  which 
is  given  in  all  other  schools,  and  the  day  has  come  for  the  deaf-mute  when  there  is 
provided  for  him  a  comphte  college  curricultmi,  leading  to  the  usual  academic  de- 
grees, and  committed  to  teiichers  who  are  not  only  distiuguislied  for  their  general 
culture  and  scholarship,  but  who  are  eminent  s])e(iaii8ts  in  the  peeiiliar  methods  by 
which  all  instruction  must  be  conununieated  to  him.  And  it  is  high  h<uior  for  our 
country  that  it  has  led  all  otlu-r  countries  in  this  movement.  This  eollege  for  deuf- 
niutes  will  always  enjoy  the  proud  distinction  of  liaving  been  the  fiiut  e.stubiished  ; 
as  yet,  it  is  the  only  one. 

In  responding  to  the  kind  invitation  of  your  president  to  att«nd  the  cxercisew  upon 
this  day  of  preseutati<rn  for  academic  degrees,  and  to  offer  some  remarks,  it  seems  to 
mo  not  inappro])ri,it<^  to  tlu^  place  and  hour  to  sugf^esf  some  thoughts  upon  "  liberal 
education."  I  do  not  propose,  indeed,  to  attempt  a  full  expositiou  of  the  subjeet,  or  to 
enter  upon  any  foruuil  discussion  of  the  imjiortant  prineijdes  involved  in  it,  but  lo 
employ  the  brief  time  at  my  disposal  in  making  souie  general  obmrvations  upon  this 
wide  theme. 

Cicero  defines  a  liberal  education  to  be  that  which  is  suited  to  the  character  and 
position  of  a /iftcr  or  freeman  as  distinguished  from  the  slavi>.  In  IiIh  view,  wliieh 
■was  the  general  oi)iniou  of  the  ago  in  \vhi«h  he  livetl,  all  manual  bil>or.  all  tjainful 
pursuits,  whethermeeh.ui  ical  or  industrial,  were  degrading  tot  hos«' of  nolile  birth,  who, 
freed  from  such  sordid  occupations  and  cares,  should  be  educated  to  disdiarge  with 
dignity  the  duties  and  obligations  of  their  high  jtositions  in  the  state.  It  is  true 
these  duties  were  pretty  much  summed  up  iu  making  a  ringing  speech  in  the  seuat^ 
in  taking  a  creditable  part  in  philosophical  and  literary  discussioiis,  and  most  of  all. 


768  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 

perhaps,  in  being  a  good  fighter,  for  the  Roman  empire  -^vaH  almost  continually  en- 
gaged in  war.  It  was  for  the  elavos  to  work  in  the  iinlds  or  at  the  trades.  Happily 
this  view  of  labor  no  longer  exists;  it  is,  indeed,  essentially  opposed  to  that  which 
now  prevails,  especially  in  onr  own  country,  where  all  honest  labor  is  rigbtfully 
held  to  be  honorable — "  a  man's  a  man  for  a'  that."  We  have  come  to  a  better  un- 
derstanding of  what  true  manhood  is,  and  of  what  the  duties  and  obligations  of 
freemen  really  involve;  and  this  higher  appreciation  of  the  nature  and  dignity  of 
man  himself,  without  regarding  his  position  in  a  privileged  class,  has  led  the  Amer- 
ican ])eople  not  only  to  recognize  the  reHpe(.tal)ility  of  all  honest  labor,  but  also  to 
insist  upon  the  value  and  necessity  of  education,  Jiot  for  the  privileged  few  as  their 
birthright,  but  for  all. 

Education,  in  fact,  has  come  to  be  one  of  the  enthusiasms  of  this,  perhaps,  the 
most  practical  country  of  this  practical  age;  the  popular  enthusiasm  upon  this  sub- 
iect  is  something  like  the  exultant  triumph  of  victors  after  a  hotly  contested  battle 
has  been  fought  and  won.  For  not  without  a  groat  struggle  did  the  principle  of  ed- 
ucation for  the  masses  become  the  settled  policy  of  governments.  ''  I  thank  God," 
said  one  of  the  early  governors  of  an  American  province,  "there  are  no  free  schools 
orprinting,  andlhope  weshall  not  have  them  these  hundred  years.  God  keep  us  from 
both ! "  And  so  thought  and  spoke,  less  than  two  centuries  ago,  other  governors  and 
men  in  high  places  who,  upon  the  subject  of  education  for  the  masses,  seem  to  have 
made  but  little  advance  from  the  position  taken  by  Cicero  before  the  Christian  era ; 
but  in  the  present  age  such  men  are  classed  with  the  pre-adamite  fossils.  It  was  to 
a  generation  that  has  already  passed  away  that  Lord  Brougham  uttered  the  memor- 
able and  exultant  words,  "  The  schoolmaster  is  abroad  !  " 

But  when  we  come  to  inquire  what  it  really  is  that  education  aims  to  secure,  we 
shall  find  conflicting  views — not  merely  as  to  its  methods  and  appliances,  but  as  to 
the  definite  and  determinate  end  which  it  has  in  view.  Even  the  derivation  and 
meaning  of  the  word  is  in  doubt,  whether  we  shall  regard  it  as  from  educo,  to  lead 
forth,  or  draw  out ;  or  from  the  kindred  ediico,  to  nourish  or  rear  as  a  nurse  cares  for 
one  committed  to  her  charge.  Varro  makes  the  distinction  between  these  two  words, 
educit  ohstetrix  educatmttrijc,  and,  as  the  function  of  the  teacher,  he  adds  docet  magiater. 
The  meaning  of  each  of  these  words,  «Zmco  and  efZwco,  (which  are  in  fact  interchangeable 
in  classical  Latin),  is  employed  by  the  advocates  of  the  different  theories  of  educa- 
tion, which  hdve  given  rise  to  such  prolific  discussion  at  the  present  day. 

There  are  some  who  are  satisfied  with  the  education  which  is  simply  instruction, 
whose  only  aim  is  to  render  it  easier  and  more  certain  for  a  man  to  earn  his  living. 
This  is  certainly  a  most  desirable  result  to  be  secured.  I  have  no  sympathy  with  those 
who  speak  contemptuously  of  this  as  a  "bread  and  butter "  education.  We  pray  for 
our  daily  bread ;  it  is  an  equally  solemn  duty  to  prepare  ourselves,  as  best  we  may  in 
God's  Providence,  to  earn  it. 

There  are  others  who  look  beyond  this  narrow  range,  and  who  regard  education  as 
that  which  imparts  the  knowledge  and  develops  the  faculties  and  powers  by  which 
success  is  conquered  upon  broader  and  nobler  fields  than  those  occupied  by  men  who 
are  merely  struggling  for  a  living ;  it  is  by  education  that  men  secure  high  place 
among  their  fellows  and  are  able  to  keep  it ;  or  they  secure  great  wealth  or  whatever 
else  may  give  them  power.  Education,  in  the  view  of  these  persons,  is  of  value  in- 
asmuch as  educated  men  are,  after  all,  the  ruling  class;  they  are  here,  as  in  every 
other  country,  the  power  behind  the  throne.  Nor  should  any  man  speak  lightly  of 
this  education.  The  desire  to  secure  inflnence  and  power  among  men  is  not  unbecoming 
to  a  noble  nature.  We  hear  much  of  the  anxieties  and  cares  and  toils  of  great  wealth 
and  of  high  position,  but  these  things  represent  power,  and  he  who  wields  power  benefi- 
cently rises  to  new  and  great  enjoyments.  The  scepter  of  such  empire  may  be  heavy 
for  the  hand  that  wields  it,  yet  none  but  the  ignoble  would  cast  it  down. 

But  there  are  those  who  take  another  and,  I  think,  a  wider,  more  comprehensive, 
and  more  just  view  of  the  aim  and  the  value  of  education.  It  is  that  view  which 
has  regard  to  the  nature  of  man,  who  was  created  but  a  little  lower  than  the  angels, 
and  who  has  faculties  and  powers  to  be  trained  and  developed  with  no  reference  to 
bread-getting,  or  even  to  wealth  or  power  or  high  place  among  men.  Without  dis- 
crediting the  education  which  has  practical  or  gainful  ends  in  view,  we  believe  there 
is  a  sense  in  which  the  student  is  an  end  nnto  himself ;  and  within  the  wide  and  varied 
scope  of  what  we  call  education,  there  should  be  methods  and  subjects  which  have 
no  direct  or  immediate  reference  to  what  are  called  practical  ends,  but  which  aim  to 
develop  those  faculties  in  the  possession  and  nso  of  which  man  rises  to  the  highest 
sphere  of  dignity  and  enjoyment.  This  is  what  we  call  liberal  education — the  educa- 
tion that  after  all  is  best  fitted  to  the  nature  of  man  in  view  of  his  personal  immor- 
t^ality  which  belongs  to  this  life  as  well  as  that  which  is  to  come,  and  by  which  he 
is  distinguished  from  the  brutes  that  perish. 

Now,  the  definite  aim  of  the  primary  school — useful  and  even  necessary  in  its  place — 
is  to  instruct ;  it  is  to  impart  practical  knowledge.  Of  course,  if  the  teacher  be  skillful 
and  wise  (as  all  teachers  should  be)  it  will  include  training  and  development;  but 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     769 

this  is  only  incidental  to  the  main  objects  in  view.  The  child  is  taught  reading, 
writing,  and  arithmetic ;  of  these  lie  has  immediate  and  urgent  need,  whether  he  goes 
on  to  make  broader  acquisitions  in  other  schools,  or  closes  his  books  to  engage  in  tho 
busy  activities  of  life.  The  same  thing  is  true  of  the  technical  or  professional  schoolw. 
The  student  is  still  taught  what  will  be  of  ])ractical  use  to  him  as  a  lawyer,  a  physi- 
cian, an  engineer,  or  whatever  else  may  be  the  occupation  orprofession  in  life  lie  has 
chosen.  All  mental  or  moral  discipline,  all  training  of  tiie  higher  faculties,  all  de- 
velopment of  character  is  still  subsidiary  and  incidental  in  this  education — the  aim 
of  which,  as  in  primary  instruction,  is  to  impart  that  which  is  useful  and  practical. 
And  hence  the  desirableness  or  necessity  of  distinct  and  separate  studios  with  dif- 
ferent aims  and,  to  some  extent,  different"  methods,  wliich,  while  necessarily  iuclnd- 
,ing  much  that  is  useful  and  practical,  has  for  its  primary  object  the  development  of 
the  higher  and  better  nature  of  the  man  that  is  within  us.  And  this  is  the  aim  of  the 
college,  which  has  therefore  its  important  and  necessary  place  in  every  complete  sys- 
tem of  education.  The  college  ktseps  in  view  the  two  aims  of  all  education,  viz,  in- 
struction and  development,  but  it  reverses  them  in  the  order  of  importance  from  that 
of  the  primary  and  technical  schools,  and  of  all  schools  for  special  instruction. 

The  advocates  of  liberal  education  do  not  claim  that  it  will  ])r<)d)ice  grapes  from 
thorns  or  figs  from  thistles.  There  are  men  so  severely  jiractical  that  the  wise.it  thing 
to  be  done  in  their  case  is  to  teach  them  the  multipliiatiou  talile,  and  set  them  at 
work;  others  are  so  dreamy  and  emotional  that  liberal  studies  will  develop  in  them 
only  the  esthetic  craze  of  the  day.  But  all  heallby  and  well-balanced  natures  will 
tind  in  these  studies  both  joy  and  strength. 

In  the  practical  schools  of  every  grade  the  shortest  and  easiest  way  to  learn  what  is 
set  before  the  student  is  the  best  way.  The  child  learns  the  alphabet  that  he  may 
learn  how  to  spell  and  then  how  to  read;  and  the  engineer  learns  the  strength  of 
mateiials  and  the  laws  of  force  that  he  may  build  a  bridge;  and  the  surgeon  leiims 
what  may  euable  him  to  set  a  broken  limb.  All  methods  and  appliances  that  save 
labor  and  time  in  the  acquisition  of  such  useful  knowledge  is  therefore  so  much  gain. 
But  as  the  primary  aim  of  liberal  studies  is  develojiment,  and  as  the  mind  grows  onlv 
in  exercising  its  own  powers,  it  is  evident  that  to  sav(!  labor  (except  ill-directed  labor) 
defeats  the  very  oliject  in  view.  Therefore,  as  I  have  already  intimated,  the  college 
difl'ers  from  all  other  schools,  not  only  in  its  primary  aim,  but  also  largely  in  its 
methods.  It  is  really  a  mental  gymnasium,  and  this  indeed  is  the  very  name  the 
Germans  give  to  their  schools  most  nearly  corresponding  in  aim  to  our  colleges.  He 
who  seeks  to  .strengthen  and  develop  his  muscle  by  the  use  of  a  well-appointed  gymna- 
sium, must  practice  many  things  for  the  sake  of  the  practice ;  and  so  for  the  sake  of 
the  exercise  the  student  goes  down  into  the  college  pahcstra  to  wrestle  with  pure 
mathematics  and  the  cla.ssics.  The  knowledge  of  these  subjects  is  not  a  necessity  for 
him  in  constructing  a  tunnel,  or  in  drawing  up  a  brief,  or  in  carrying  on  mercantile 
or  manufacturing  euteri)rises — though  it  may  be  said  that,  in  additiiui  to  the  forma- 
tion of  manly  character  bj'  liberal  studies  there  has  been  developed  in  the  exercises  of 
this  palifstra  the  sinewy  grasp  whieh  in  after  years  has  its  practical  use  when  the 
robust  athlete  takes  hold  of  any  subject  with  which  he  must  wrestle,  either  in  his  pro- 
fessional or  business  life. 

And  here,  did  time  allow,  I  would  like  to  discuss  some  of  those  questions  which  are 
still  in  debate  even  among  the  advocates  of  liberal  education.  For  example,  the  pr*)- 
portion  of  time  and  labor  that  should  1)0  given  to  pure  mathematics,  which  seem  to 
lie  most  remote  from  any  practical  use  in  after  life;  to  psychology  and  ethics,  which 
have  always  held  their  jilace  as  high  topics  of  discussion  iii  all  schools;  to  the  moiU-rii 
languages  and  the  natural  sciecnes,  which  more  nearly  ajqtrojich  to  the  practical 
studies  of  the  special  s<'hools.  And  I  should  have  been  glad  lo  discuss  the  value  and 
place  in  every  course  of  liberal  studies  of  the  classical  languages  and  literature,  and 
to  examine  also  what  may  be  hoptnl  for  or  feared  by  the  friends  of  liberal  education 
in  the  general  introduction  in  all  our  colleges  of  a  course  of  liberal  studies  le.iding  to 
a  dift'eront  degree  from  that  of  B.  A. — excluding  the  ancient  languages,  but  aiming 
to  secure  by  the  use  of  tin-  modern  languages  and  literature,  and  with  the  em]do.vmeni 
of  the  old  and  .'qiprovc'd  methods  of  liberal  teaching  and  the  aid  of  modern  philolog- 
ical research,  th(>  same  kind  .•iiid  degree  of  culture  as  thi>  t>ld  course,  with  its  (Jreck 
and  Latin.  And  more  important  than  all,  as  it  seems  to  me,  is  the  discuswion  of  tli«< 
question,  how  shall  this  liberal  education  lie  so  infused  with  the  principles  and  spirit 
of  the  great  Teacher  that  the  religions  nature  of  man,  as  well  as  of  his  moral  and 
mental,  may  have  its  full  develojjnn'nl. 

Bat  I  forbear  to  enter  upon  these  questions,  and  would  merely  point  you  to  the  ex- 
istence of  both  of  these  courses  of  study  (classical  and  scientific),  not  only  in  tliis 
college,  but  in  the  hundreds  of  colleges  all  over  our  land,  as  the  evidence  of"  the  pop- 
ular appreci.it  ion  of  liber.il  culture,  and  also  as  showing  the  sul)stantial  ngre«Mnent 
of  all  college  education  in  both  the  old  ami  new  course  of  study  as  to  subjecta  anil 
methods. 

49  Ab 


770  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 

Hut  I  may  not  conclude  even  this  brief  nicdilation  without  noticiu};  f)  •  reproach 
biou^^lit  at^iiinst  lilK^ral  studien,  tliat  tlioy  .serve  only  to  make  men  of  idcan — men  who  ■ 
are  not  practical,  who  are  not  men  of  ati'airH.  To  tJicse  objectors,  it  iw  but  the  dream ' 
of  the  sentimental  enthusiaHt  that  we  should  strive  to  attain  unto  the  great  ideal  of 
the  true,  the  beautiful,  and  the  good,  which  is  in  the  houI  of  every  man  ;  they  regard 
as  idle  vaporing  the  language  of  Aristotle,  that  "the  harmony  of  the  celestial  Hpheres 
(should  be  echocrl  in  tlie  soul  of  an  educated  man."    There  i«  not  enough  of  common 
ground  upon  which  wo  can  stand  to  seriously  ar<fue  with  such  men.   Wo  meet  their 
assertions  with  ccmntcr  assertions  fi-om  those  trained  in  these  studies,  and  who  know 
that  the  life  is  more  than  meat.     The  silent  halls  of  this  college  have  known  such 
men.     One  of  the  noblest  and  most  gifted  among  these  students  but  recently  closed 
his  books  and  went  forth  into  the  beautiful  laud  that  is  afar  off.     Deaf  to  all  sounds 
of  earth  lie  had  yet  heard  in  his  soul  this  "  celestial  harmony."     Writing  to  his  sis- 
ter, after  he  had  given  up  his  studies,  through  the  weariness  and  exhaustion  of  long 
sickness,  and  while  waiting  for  the  iiual  summons,  ho  says  : 

"It  will  take  away  half  the  bitterness  of  death  to  have  been  allowed  to  learn 
something;  to  have  obtained  one  glimpse  across  the  hills  and  valleys,  away  off  into 
that  pi'onaised  land  of  perfect  knowledge,  perfect  love,  perfect  purity,  for  such  I  take 
to  be  the  true  result  of  study.  The  more  one  learns,  the  clearer  does  he  see  God's  won- 
drous goodness,  the  closer  is  he  drawn  to  all  things  holy." 

And  this  noble  youth  was  but  one  among  many  who,  in  "learning  something,"  has 
drawn  nearer  to  the  great  ideal.  Are  we  not  conscious  of  a  restless  discontent  with 
our  jireseut  capacities  aud  attainments?  Are  we  not  all  of  us  (in  our  better  moods) 
striving  to  become  purer  and^nobler  than  our  present  selves.  And  the  sacred  voice 
which  is  ever  thus  calling  to  us  excelsior,  is  not  the  dream  of  the  visionary  and  the 
enthusiast.  There  is  that  which  is  true,  and  beautiful,  and  good,  in  addition  to  that 
which  is  practical  and  gainful.  If  liberal  education,  that  leads  up  to  the  realization 
of  this  ideal  is  an  education  of  ideas,  then  we  assert  that  it  is  ideas  Avhich  rule  the 
world;  they  are  the  permanent  forces  in  the  world's  development,  aud,  as  Schiller 
says,  "all  ideas  must  have  been  realized  in  knowledge  before  they  can  realize  them- 
selves in  history."  And  we  claim  that  liberally-educated  men  are  not  selfish  en- 
thusiasts or  useless  drones — rather  are  they  the  distributors  of  beneficial  and  pow- 
erful influences  that  atlect  the  destinies  of  individuals  aud  of  nations.  Aud  this  influ- 
ence is  not  only  for  the  age  in  which  they  live.  These  scholars,  remote  from  manufac- 
tories, and  railroads,  and  shops,  are  like  the  base  of  supplies  established  along  the 
line  of  an  advancing  host,  and  it  is  from  them  that  society  is  strengthened  and  re- 
plenished at  every  stage  of  its  ijrogress  in  its  upward  aud  onward  march  till  it  en- 
ters the  golden  gates  of  the  city  of  God. 

The  exercises  of  the  day  were  concluded  with  the  benediction  by  Kev.  James  H. 
Cuthbcrt.  D.  D.,  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  Church. 

At  the  close  of  the  academic  year,  in  June,  degrees  were  conferred  in  accordance 
with  the  recommendations  of  presentation  day. 

RECEIPTS  AJsD   EXPENDITURES. 

The  receipts  and  expenditures  for  the  year  .now  under  review  will  appear  from 
the  following  detailed  statements : 

I.— SUPPORT  OF  THE  INSTITUTION. 

Eeceipts. 

Balance  from  old  accounts $964  47 

Received  from  Treasury  of  the  United  States 53,  500  00 

Received  for  board  and  tuition 2,  611  11 

Received  from  manual  labor  fund 313  60 

Received  for  books  and  stationery  sold 293  03 

Received  for  work  done  in  shop 177  59 

Received  from  sale  of  live  stock 323  25 

Received  from  sale  of  gas 163  40 

Received  from  sale  of  milk 132  84 

Received  from  sale  of  wheat 225  42 

Received  for  shoe  repairs  and  clothing 190  75 

Received  from  1  he  sale  of  old  furniture  aud  lumber Ill  64 

Received  from  sah^  of  ashes,  grease  &c 86  62 

Received  for  medical  atteMdance  and  medicine  refunded 18  65 

Received  for  damage  to  grounds 1  00 

Received  for  funeral  expenses  refunded 24  34 

59, 137  71 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 


771 


Disbursements. 

KxpeDcled  for  8ahiiicH  and  \va;;cs  ., S'29, 726  26 

Expouded  for  groceries 2, 593  32 

Expended  for  meats 4,(^r)6  19 

Expended  for  potatoes 672  70 

Expended  for  incidental  and  honsebold  expenses,  marketing,  «&c 2,427  15 

Expended  for  butter  and  egtjB 2,343  32 

Expended  for  repairs  on  buildings 2,  G03  11 

Expended  for  furniture 401  02 

Exi)ended  for  live  stock y60  00 

PJxpended  for  books  and  stationery 701  74 

Expended  for  farm  tools,  seeds,  &c 285  50 

P'xi)euded  for  lumber 953  37 

Expended  for  printing 119  90 

Expended  for  ice 151  61 

Exi)endod  for  drugs  and  chemicals ij;;0  37 

Expended  for  carriage  and  T\-agon  reijairs 242  75 

Expended  for  liardwai-e 3l>8  12 

Expended  for  fuel 2,'M'.l  62 

Expended  for  blacksmithing ^3  50 

Expended  for  harness  and  repairs 49  00 

Expended  for  rent  of  telephones Ill  63 

Expended  for  flour  and  feed 9j^o  84 

Expended  for  dry-goods  and.  shoes 197  23 

Expended  for  manure 67  60 

Expended  for  gas 1,224  82 

Exi)ended  for  paints,  glass,  &c i. 2t)7  32 

Expended  for  expenses  of  directors'  meetings 51  00 

Expended  for  freiglit  on  ai)paratu8  for  gymnasium 41  00 

p]xj)ended  for  clothing  and  shoe  repairs 367  26 

Expended  for  flowers,  plants,  &c 82  00 

Expended  for  milk 595  20 

Expended  for  entertainment  of  pu])ils 7  50 

I'xpended  for  medical  and  surgical  attendance 651  00 

Expended  for  illustrative  apparatus 121  25 

Expended  for  board  and  care  of  pupil  at  institution  for  feeble-minded 

children 300  00 

Expended  for  apparatus  for  gymnasium 301  60 

Expended  for  bread 1, 178  43 

Balance  unexpended 1,108  28 


59, 137  71 


II.— Buildings  a-nd  grounds. 
Beceipts. 


Balance  from  old  account 

Received  from  Treasury  of  the  United  States. 


$182  17 

8.242  07 

8,424  24 


Disbursements, 


Expended  for  balance  of  contract  with  H.  Conra<lis §6,845  Oft 

Expended  for  coni))ensation  of  Supervising  Architect 3(Ml  0*1 

Expended  for  grailing :  i'  <") 

Expend<>d  for  work  on  bowling  alley ~l  en 

Expended  lor  furnace ^ 775  tKl 

Expended  for  fitting  up  gymnasium 3'.«i  21 

8.4Ji  -M 


772  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYINf;    TFTE 

ESTIMATES  Fon  NEXT   YEAIJ. 

Tlic,  iollowiuj;-  estiiiuit.cs  for  the  service  of  tlic  iiscal  year  ciicling  June 
;>(>,  1881,  have  already  been  subiiiitted. 

For  the  support  of  the  iimtitutiou,  including- salaries  and  incidental 
(!xpense.s,  and  $500  for  books  andilUistrative  apparatus,  and  82,500  for 
general  repairs,  $55,000. 

To  provide  eidarged  accommodations  for  the  use  of  students,  and  ad- 
ditional hospital  room  by  the  construction  of  two  small  detached  build- 
ings, $10,000. 

For  tlie  improvement  and  enclosure  of  the  grounds,  85,000. 

The  lirst  estimate  is  the  same  in  amount  as  the  a])propriation  for  the 
current  year.  The  number  of  jnipils  will  undoubtedly  be  somewhat 
larger  next  year  than  it  now  is  ;  but  this  will  involve  no  increase  in  our 
salaries  and  wages,  and  it  is  hoped  that  the  prices  of  provisions  may 
be  lower  than  at  present,  so  that  the  increased  number  can  be  provided 
for  without  the  occurrence  of  any  deficiency. 

The  estimates  for  improvements  to  our  buildings  and  grounds,  are  to 
provide  for  matters  which  will  contribute  very  greatly  to  the  well-being 
of  the  institution. 

The  construction  of  the  Boundary  street  sewer,  now  being  carried  by 
our  grounds,  will  leave  our  front  in  a  condition  which  will  necessitate 
the  erection  of  some  substantial  and  permanent  enclosure.  It  is  ex- 
pected that  the  section  near  us  will  be  completed  before  next  summer. 
It  would  be  desirable,  therefore,  to  have  the  appropriation  for  the  im- 
provement and  enclosure  of  the  grounds  made  available  during  the 
current  fiscal  year. 

To  the  appropriation  of  $55,000.00  for  the  current  expenses  of  the 
institution  for  the  current  fiscal  year,  the  following  jiroviso  is  attached: 
ii  Provided,  That  no  more  than  $22,000  of  said  sum  shall  be  expended 
for  salaries  and  wages."  The  directors  are  under  the  imi)ression  that 
this  provision  of  law  must  have  been  adopted  by  Congress  without  a 
full  understanding  of  the  needs  of  the  institution  and  the  character  of 
the  services  that  are  required  in  doing  its  work. 

From  a  careful  examination  recently  made  into  the  organization  of 
institutions  similar  to  this,  and  on  inquiry  as  to  the  salaries  paid,  it 
apjiears  that  the  number  of  persons  employed  in  this  institution  is  by 
no  means  unreasonable,  while  the  salaries  are  in  no  cases  higher,  and 
in  many  instances  are  lower  than  those  paid  to  officers  of  similar  grades 
in  schools  for  the  deaf,  and  in  colleges  for  the  hearing  of  the  first  rank, 
as  well  as  in  the  educational  institutions  sustained  by  the  government, 
and  in  the  scientific  branches  of  the  public  ser\ice.  It  is  evident,  from 
the  comparison  thus  instituted,  that  if  changes  are  to  be  made  in  the 
salaries  paid  here  increased  rates  should  be  allowed  in  several  in- 
stances. 

A  comparison  drawn  between  the  per  capita  cost  of  maintaining  this 
institution  and  the  Military  and  K"aval  academies  will  show  that  the  pro 
rata  expense  in  those  institutions  is  about  two  and  a  half  times  as  great 
as  in  this.  And  yet  the  period  of  instruction  here  extends  over  thir- 
teen years,  while  at  West  Point  and  Annapolis  it  is  limited  to  four,  and 
the  number  of  our  pupils  is  less  than  one-half  that  in  each  of  the  es- 
tablishments named  ;  both  these  facts  tending  to  increase  expense  in 
this  institution  in  that  they  necessitate  more  classes  and  proportionally 
a  greater  number  of  instructors. 

It  is  true  that  the  cost  per  pupil  in  this  institution  is  greater  than  in 
any  of  the  State  institutions  for  the  deaf  and  dumb.    But  this  is  fully 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     773 

accounted  for  when  it  is  ivnictnbeied  tliat  the  State  institutions  bear 
the  same  relation  to  our  colh'^iiate  department  that  the  primary  schools 
of  the  country  do  to  the  colleges  and  universities. 

A  course  of  study  is  given  here  equal  in  grad(^  and  scojje  to  that 
aliorded  in  the  best  colleges  of  the  land.  J)eaf  young  men  Irom  all 
parts  of  the  country,  who  have  graduated  from  the  State  schools,  seek 
our  college  as  the  only  i)lace  in  the  woild  where  they  can  secure  the 
higher  eihu^ation  that  their  more  favored  brothers  nuiy  lind  in  the  col- 
leges of  their  own  State  or  section. 

And  when  the  cost  of  educating  the  mute  young  men  of  our  college 
is  compared  with  the  expenses  incurred  in  behalf  of  hearing  young  men 
in  ordinary  colleges,  it  will  be  found  that  no  charge  of  extravagance  or 
unnecessary  outlay  cau  be  justly  brought  against  this  institution. 

If  the  proviso  above  referred  to  shouhl  remain  in  force,  it  would  bo 
impossible  to  carry  the  work  of  the  institution  througli  the  present  fis- 
cal year  with  the  moans  provided  by  Congress.  A  reduction  of  moi-e 
than  seven  thousand  dollars  in  our  salaries  and  wages,  if  applied  to 
yearly  rates,  would  force  many  of  our  ollicers  to  seek  positions  else- 
where, which  they  could  easily  find,  and  it  would  be  imi)ossible  to  sup- 
l^ly  the  places  of  such  with  experienced  and  capable  persons. 

Or  if  tlie  reduction  were  to  be  made  by  stopping  all  salaries  and  all 
work  at  the  time  when  the  twenty-two  thousand  dollars  shall  be  ex- 
liausted,  our  students  and  pupils  would  have  to  be  sent  home  at  gi'eat 
sacrifice, of  valuable  time,  our  schools  closed  with  the  labor  of  the  year 
incomplete,  and  all  persons  employed  by  the  institution  subjected  to 
gross  injustice. 

In  view  of  all  these  considerations,  the  directors  do  not  hesitate  to 
urge,  res])ectfully  but  very  earnestly,  that  the  attention  of  Congress  be 
called  to  this  matter,  with  the  hope  that  on  further  consideration  the 
jiropriety  of  the  repeal  of  the  i^roviso  may  become  evident. 

CONVENTION  OF  A:tIERICAN  INSTRUCTORS. 

The  quadrennial  convention  of  instructors  of  the  deaf  and  dumb  in 
the  United  States  and  Canada  was  held  at  Jacksonville,  111.,  in  the 
State  institution  for  deaf  mutes  during  the  closing  week  of  August  last. 

There  were  more  tiian  one  hundred  and  sixty  (b'legates  present  from 
twenty-eight  institutions.  This  institution  was  repi-esented  by  Assistant 
Professor  I)ra])er,  i'rofessor  Gordon,  Profes.^or  Fay,  and  President 
Gallaudet,  the  latter  being  chosen  i)resident  of  the  convention. 

Many  snlijects  of  interest  and  importance  in  our  work  were  discussed. 
]\rany  vahmlih;  suggestions  as  to  methods  of  instruction  were  brought 
forward.  Abundant  oi>portunity  was  iiail  lor  that  jx-rsonal  iuti-rdiango 
of  views  and  exjx'rience  which  is  of  equal  il'not  gn-aler  worth  than  the 
reading  of  formal  essays;  and  at  the  conclusion  of  the  nu-eting  it  was 
agreed  that  no  more  satisfactory  and  helpful  gatheriug  of  instructors 
in  our  i)r()fession  had  ever  been  held. 

Every  mend)er  of  the  convention  left  .lacksonville  with  a  deep  and 
lasting  impression  of  the  warm-hearted  hosi)itaHty  that  Inul  been  shown 
them  by  the  able  superintendent  of  the  institution.  Dr.  (iillctt,  and  his 
corps  of  as.>ist;tnts,  and  of  the  generous  manner  in  whicli  tlie  great 
State  of  Illinois  had  i)rovided  for  the  education  of  her  deaf  chihlren. 

Among  the  numerous  matters  coiisifb'red  and  acted  ujion  by  the  con- 
vention, the  only  one  whicli  chiims  a  i)lace  in  this  report  is  tiie  follow- 
ing series  of  resolutions  relating  to  our  college,  the  unanimous  adop- 


774  PAPERS   ACCOMPANTINO  THE 

tioii  of  which  Avill  bo  a  source  of  gratification  to  all  interested  in  our 
attenij)t  to  provide  the  deaf  of  our  country  with  collegiate  training. 

Prof.  J.  L.  Noyes,  of  Minnesota,  presented  the  following  resolution, 
which  was  seconded  by  Dr.  Thomas  Maclntire,  of  Michigan,  and  unani- 
mously i)as8ed : 

Whereas  tlio  National  Deaf-Mute  College,  in  Washington,  D.  C,  has  rendered 
great  and  efficient  aid  in  advancing  the  cause  of  deaf-mute  education  iu  the  United 
States;  and 

Whereas  the  funds  for  the  support  of  the  college  come  from  the  National  Treasury 
(as  is  i»roper) :  Therefore, 

Resolved,  Tliat  we,  directors,  superintendents,  principals,  and  instructors  in  Amer- 
ica, assembled  iu  this  their  tenth  convention,  extend  to  the  authorities  and  faculty 
of  the  college  our  grateful  recognition  of  the  good  work  already  accomplished,  and 
■would  respectfully  urge  upon  them  the  importance  of  increasing  the  facilities  and  per- 
fecting the  curriculum  and  all  the  appliances  of  the  college  as  best  they  can  from 
itimo  to  time,  that  the  graduates  may  enter  the  various  professions  and  spheres  of  life 
open  to  tliem  with  an  education,  culture,  and  character  that  shall  in  no  way  be  in- 
ferior to  that  of  the  highest  graduates  of  the  best  colleges  of  the  land ;  and,  moreover. 

Resolved,  That  we  earnestly  commend  to  the  favorable  consideration  of  our  Sena- 
tors and  Representatives  in  Congress  the  deaf-mute  college  in  Washington,  D.C.,  and 
respectfully  ask  that  they  nse  their  influence,  not  only  to  foster  and  support  this 
national  institution,  but  also  from  time  to  time  increase  its  funds,  so  as  to  enable  the 
authorities  of  the  college  to  enlarge  or  increase  the  appliances  in  a  manner  becoming 
this  national  institution,  destined  to  be  so  useful  and  beneficial  in  its  influence  ujion 
the  various  institutions  of  the  land  and  upon  this  increasing  portion  of  our  popiila- 
tion. 

Resolved,  That  the  secretary  furnish.  Dr.  E.  M.Gallandet,  president  of  the  college, 
a  copy  of  these  resolutions. 

EDUCATION  OP  THE  BLIND. 

Appended  to  this  report  will  be  found  a  statement  from  F.  D.  Morri- 
son, superintendent  of  the  Maryland  Institution  for  the  Blind,  as  to  the 
.number  of  United  States  beneficiaries  in  that  institution  during  the  past 
'year,  and  as  to  the  progress  they  have  made.  The  blind  children  are  in 
the  Maryland  institution  under  the  provisions  of  section  4869  of  the 
Eevised  Statutes,  and  with  the  approval  of  the  president  of  this  insti- 
tution, as  required  by  law. 

EDUCATION  OF  THE  FEEBLE-MINDED. 

One  child  belonging  to  the  District  of  Columbia  has  been  under  in- 
struction during  the  past  year  at  the  Pennsylvania  Institution  for  Feeble- 
minded Children,  located  at  Elwyn,  near  Philadelphia,  at  the  expense 
of  the  United  States,  as  provided  for  by  law.  Applications  in  behalf 
of  children  similarly  afflicted  should  be  made  to  the  president  of  this 
institution. 

ACTS   OF   CONGRESS  CONCEENING-  THIS  INSTITUTION. 

In  our  Twelfth  Annual  Eeport,  that  of  18G9,  all  the  acts  of  Congress 
relating  to  this  institution  which  had  been  passed  up  to  the  date  of  that 
report  were  published.  The  comi)letion  of  the  twenty-fifth  year  of  the 
existence  of  the  institution  is  deemed  a  fitting  occasion  for  a  similar 
publication.  In  the  appendix  to  this  report  will  be  found  a  transcript 
of  all  legislation  had  in  Congress  concerning  this  institution  from  1809 
to  the  end  of  the  last  session  of  Congress. 

In  this  connection  attention  is  respectfully  called  to  the  fact  that  in 
the  preparation  of  the  Eevised  Statutes  several  important  provisions 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OP  THE  INTERIOR. 


775 


of  law  lelatiug  to  this  institution  do  uot  appear  in  chapter  five,  title 
lifty-uine,  as  they  ought  to  do,  and  the  suggestion  is  offered  that  Con- 
gress take  the  necessary  steps  t<.»  Iiave  the  needed  amcudiuents  made 
to  the  Revised  Statutes. 

All  of  which  is  respectfully  submitted  by  order  of  tlie  board  of  di- 
rectors. 

E.  M.  GALLAUDET, 

rrtsident. 
Hon.  Henry  M.  Teller, 

Secretary  of  the  Interior. 


EErORT  OF  THE  BOARD   OF  VISITORS  OF  THE  GOVERN- 
MENT HOSPITAL  FOR  THE  INSANE. 

GOVERNSrENT   HOSPITAL  FOR   THE   INSANE, 

Xcar  Washington,  T).  C,  October  1,  1882. 

Sir:  In  accordance  with  the  law  establishing  tlie  hospital  the  Board 

of  Visitors  have  the  honor  to  sabmit  their  twenty-seventh  annual  ix^port. 

A  condensed  summary  of  the  changes  of  population  and  results  of 

liospitul  treatment  is  giveu  in  the  following  tables,  to  which  attention 

is  respectfully  called: 

Summary. 


Bemaining  June  30, 1881 

^Admitted  dining  Uie  ycuT  ending  Juno  30, 1882 

WTiolo  number  under  tiedtuieut 

DIBCilARCED. 

Kecovcrod.'. 

Improved 

Unimproved 

Kot  insauo 

Died 

Totid  discliargt'd  and  died 

Uiniaiuing  June  30, 1S82 


Males. 


700 
178 


878 


Females.  I   Totals. 

I 


l.-.ii 


22-1 
fi9 


294 


925 
247 


1.172 


101 


230 
M2 


Admissions  and  dischargi  ■ 


KKMAINIXG  JUNK  30,  1881. 

A.    „  O^Tiitc... 

^""•y K'olored.. 

„  CWldto... 

N»^y icolorwl.. 

Marine  Uospiljd  Service J  Colored.. 

C»^^  »'f" \  Colored.. 


Males. 

i 

enialus. 

Totj 

43S 

8 

10 

S 

448 

1 

2 

41 

44 

8 

2  1 

i       10 

10 

IM 

IRl 

48 

nt  ! 

201 

423  , 

7oa 

1 

225 

jrj3 


776 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

AdmiHHiunH  and  discharges — Contiuncd. 


AliMITTEI)  DUllING  TIIK  yEAU  1881-'S2. 

,  CWliite... 

^""•V J  Colored.. 

„  <  White... 

^"^■y ."•  J  Colored.. 

C  White  . . . 
I  Colored .. 


limine  Hospital  Servico. 
Civil  life 


C  White  ... 
I  Colored . . 


UNDER  TREATMKXT  DUKING  THE  YEAU. 

C  White... 
I  Colored.. 


Arm  J' 

Xavy 

Marine  Hospital  Service 
Civil  life 


C  White  ... 
■  I  Colored  . . 


C  White  . . 
\  Colored. 


Males. 


20 


497 
12 


<  White...     223 
(Colored..!      67 


DISCHARGED  DURING  THE  Y&An—EeCOVered. 

C  White  - . . 
i  Colored.. 


Army 

Navy 

Marine  Hospital  Service 
Civil  life 


<  White  ... 
■)  Colored..!        i 

C  White    .   I 
(  Colored . 

C  White  . . 
'  I  Colored . 


DISCHARGED  DURING  THE  TEAR — Improved. 

C  White  . . 
I  Colored. 


Army . . . 

Navy 

Civil  life 


13 


5  White  . . 
\  Colored . 

C  White  - . 
\  Colored . 


PISCHAEGED  DURING  THE  XEAK— Unimproved. 

<  White  . . . 
I  Colored.. 


Army... 
Navy... 
Civil  life 


Wliite  ... 
Colored . . 


White  . . . 
Colored . . 


DISCHARGED  DURING  THE  YEAH— Xot  insane. 

C  White  . . 
"^'■iny i  Colored. 


DECE.*.feED  DURING  THE  YEAR. 


Army 

Navy 

Civil  life. 


5  White... 
I  Colored . . 

C  White... 

■  \  Colored  . . 

C  White  ... 

■  l  Colored  . . 


42 


89 


509 
61 
15 

290 


178 


878 


60 


Females. 


Totals. 


208 
82 


68 


290 


21 


294 


21 


2G 


REPORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OP    THE    INTERIOR. 
Admissions  and  discharges — Coutiuued. 


777 


Malr-s. 


.L 


Femiiles. 


Total*. 


UEJIAINLNG  JUXF.  30,  1882. 


C  White...     410 
\  Coloi-ed  . . '      10 


Aitny 

"^*^i ^Colored.. 

ilarine  Hospital  Service |  Colored '. '. 

^iviiufv 5SS-:; 


49 


168  j 
58  ! 


420 


14 


226 


167 


700 


230 


423 
49 
14 

450 


JM2 


Note. — There  were  six  less  persons  than  cases  under  treatment  in  the  coarse  of  the  year  by  reason 
of  six  readmissioDs. 


Monthly  changes  of  population. 


Admitted. 

Discharged. 

Date. 

_2 

6 

el 

a 

1 

o 
•3 

1 

•3 

•s 

Died. 

•3  M 

« 

1 

o 

•a 

1 

1 

■c  — -^ 

July  1881 

14 
14 
15 
11 
13 
16 
18 
12 
14 
7 
18 
26 

7 
13 
1 
3 
5 
6 
5 

""s 

6 
6 
9 

21 
27 
16 
14 
18 
22 
23 
12 
22 
13 
24 
35 

2 
0 
26 
6 
5 
6 
6 
5 
11 
10 
9 
3 

3 

4 
5 
1 
7 
1 
1 

J 

4 
3 

1 

5 
10 
31 
7 
12 
7 
7 
6 
14 
14 
12 
4 

4 

4 

5 

6 

7 

13 

3 

5 

8 

22 

11 

15 

8 

9 

August  1881       

3         2 

6    

6          1 

15 

September  1881 

36 

October,  1881 

14 

11 
15 

2 

"l 

1 
7 
2 
9 
2 

2.5 

December,  1X81 

lU 

January,  1682 

12 

FebniaVv,  1882 

14 

March,  1882 

3C 

April,  188'J 

25 

May,  1882 

27 

Juiiu,  1882 

7 

Totals 

178 

69 

247 

95 

34 

129  1      74 

27 

101          230 

Physical  condition  of  those  tcho  died. 


Apoplexy i> 

Apo])lcxy,  epileptic  1 

Hrifjlit's  disease 4 

Clioiestenenna 1 

Cjii)illary  bronchitis '2 

Cirrhosis  of  liver 1 

Dianlura 10 

Exhauslion  from  chronic  inuiiia  . ....  1 

Exhaustion  from  acute  mania -t 

Epileptic  c»>nviilsions 1 

Cancer  of  stomach  and  intestines....  2 
Fatty  ilej^oneration  of  liver,  and  cinle- 

ma  of  Innjjs 1 

Heart  disease 3 

luauitiou 2 


Malarial  fever 2 

Marasmus 'J 

Organic  tlisease  of  lirain '-'vJ 

Organic  diseaiio  of  brain  and  spinal 

cord  'i 

Paresis 11 

Phthisis  pulmonalis 1"2 

Pnounionia .''. 

Paraplegia  and  inauition 1 

Peritonitis 1 

Senile  debility 'J 

Typhoid  fever 1 

Ulcer  uud  stcuottU  uf  duodeuuiu 1 

101 


778 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


Duration  of  the  mental  disease  of  thone  xclio  died. 


Less  than  one  month I 

Two  months 1 

Font  months '•'> 

Five  montliH -i 

Eight  months 1 

One  year •' 

Two  years 5^ 

Three  years 11 

Fonr  years lf| 

Five  years 0 

Six  years 4 

Seven  years.... 2 

Eight  years 4 

Nine  years 2 

Ten  years 2 

Eleven  years 1 


'i' w(il  ve  yt;ars 3 

l''oiirtec'U  years 4 

Fifteen  years 1 

Sixteen  years 3 

.Seventeen  years 2 

Eighteen  years 1 

Nineteen  years 1 

Twenty  years 2 

Twenty-one  years 1 

Twenty-four  years 1 

Twenty-seven  years 1 

Twenty-eight  years 1 

Unknown 11 

101 


'Duration  of  disease  on  admission. 


Males. 


Females. 


Totals. 


LESS  THA5  SIX  MONTHS. 
.  C  TVhitO  . . 

-^nny (colored. 

-,  C  White  . . 

Navy (  Colored. 

Ci-eiHife i  Colored. 

LESS  THAN  ONE  YEAK. 

.  C  White  . . 

^™y i  Colored. 

,,,.                             '  C  White.. 

N*^y ^Colored. 

Marine  Hospital  Service <  Colored! 

^.   .,,.,.  5  White.. 

Civil  hte (  Colored. 

ONE  TO  TWO  YEAliS. 

.  C  White., 

-^rmy (  Colored. 

T,,  C  White  . . 

Navy (  Colored. 

Marine  Hospital  Service <  Colored 

„..,,.„  C  White  ., 

CiviHife I  Colored, 

OVEU  TWO  YEARS. 
.  CAVhitO  . . 

■^™y I  Colored, 

..  C  White  . 

Navy }  Colored 

„.   .,  ,.„  ^  White  - 

•-ivilWo ^Colored 


16 


71 


78 


22 


54 


REPORT   OP   THE    SECRETARY    OP 

Duration  of  disease  on  admission — 


THE    INTERIOR. 
Coutiuued. 


779 


0\'En  TIinKK  YKAUS. 


Army. 
Navy . 


(  White  . 
■  (  CoIoiimI 

<  Whit.!  . 
I  Colored 


Civil  life h^l'^^i 

I  Colored 

OVEU  FOim  YEAIJS. 

^""^ -■ {SS: 

^-y {^l;!::d: 

Civil  life } 


Males. 


Whit©.. 
Colored , 


FIVE  TO  TEX  YEARS. 


C  White  ... 
'  I  Colored.. 

C  White... 
'  I  Colored  . . 

C  White... 
■ )  Colored.. 


Civil  lif^ SSlir^d! 


Army 

Navy 

Marine  Hospit.il  Service. 


TEN  TO  TWENTY  YEARS. 


Army 

Navy 

CivU  life. 


OVER  TWENTY  YEAILS. 


Army — . 

Navy 

Civil  life. 


C  White  . . 
(  Colored . 

C  White  . . 
(  Colored . 

C  White  .. 
}  Colored . 


C  While  .. 
{  Colored . 

C  White.. 
I  Colored . 

C  AVhite.. 
■  I  Colored . 


Army 

Navy 

Civil  life. 


C  White  . 
'  I  Colored 

C  White  . 
(  Colored 

J  AVhite. 
'  (  Colored 


KOT  LNBANB. 


Army. 


White.. 
Colui'ed . 


14 


Females. 


42 


43 


Totals. 


43 


780 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 


NATIVi:   IJOIIN. 


FORKIGN  noi'.N. 


District  of  Columbia f'89 

New  York 401 

Maryliiud .--       ''>^0 

Virginia '^^ 

PeniiHylvaiiia 28'^ 

Oliio 

MaHsacbusctts 

Maine 

Illinois 

Couuocticut 

New  Hainpsbire 

Indiana 

Kentucky 

Micbigau 

New  Jersey 

Tennessee 

Wisconsin 

"Vermont 

Missouri 

Rhode  Island 

Delaware 

North  Carolina  . 

Alabama 

South  Carolina 

Iowa 

Georgia 

Mississippi 

Louisiana ...... 

West  Virginia 

Kansas 

Florida 

Texas 

California 

Choctaw  Nation 

Colorado 

Arkansas 

Indian  Territory 


14 
1-24 

()0  i 

51  I 

45 

50 

41 

:39 

30 
3() 
25 
21 
27 
24 
17 
14 
21 

8 

9 

4 

10 
11 

7 

9 


Total 2,890 


Ireland 

Germany 

England 

France  

Canada  

Scotland , 

Switzerland 

Italy 

Denmark 

Norway 

Sweden , 

Poland 

Russia 

Austria 

Nova  Scotia , 

Spain 

Holland 

Wales , 

Portugal 

Hungary 

Mexico 

Saxony 

Malta , 

Belgium 

Buenos  Ayres 

Costa  Rica 

Bavaria    

Sicily 

British  Columbia 

British  Possessions 

East  Indies  (British) . 
West  Indies  (British) 
West  Indies  (Hayti)  . 

New  Brunswick 

Cuba 

China 

Sandwich  Islands 

Coast  of  Africa 

Cyprus 

Turkey 


1,109 

7:5G 

i:iO 

53 

48 

:w 

15 
22 
15 
10 

11 
7 
7 
9 
4 
6 
4 
3 
4 
3 
4 
3 
3 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 


Total 2,281 


Native  born.  . 
Foreign  bom. 
Unknown 


2,890 

2,281 
239 


Total 5,410 


FORM  OF  DISEASE  IN  THOSE  ADMITTED. 


Mirnia.  .icnte 

Itlaiiia,  chronic 

ileiiincholia 

Dementi.i 

Dementia,  senile 

Paresis 

Dipsomania 

Typhomania  (Bell's  dia 
ease) 


1,878 

816 

638 

1,293 

56 

65 

351 


1,93G 

863 

680 

1,354 

62 

73 

366 


Kleptomania... 
Nymj.liomania  . 

Imbecility 

Opinni  eaters  . . 
Xot  insane 


<i  = 


Total j    5,163 


5,410 


RErORT    OF    THE    SECRETARY    OF    THE    INTERIOR. 
COilPLICATIOXS  OF  THOSE  ADMITTED. 


781 


Epilepsy 

Apoplexy 

I'iirnlysis 

Suicidal  dispositinn  . . . 
]l(>uic'idal  (tibitosition 


285 
2 

122 
139 
50 


13 


298 

i2fi 

142 
00 


Periodicity 

Puerperal  state 

Catalepsy 

Nostaljria 

Post  febrile  condition 


195 
40 
8 
32 
44 


1§ 


195 
40 
U 
3:1 
44 


As  far  as  could  be  ascertained,  the  volunteers  of  the  Army  and  Navy 
under  treatment  duriiii;  the  year  ending  June  30,  1882,  euteretl  the 
service  from  the  followiuir  States: 


Army. 

lfav>-.    Total.    ! 

'          !i 

Anny. 

Xavj-. 

Total. 

Xdw  York 40 

40 

27 

18 

20 

11 

IG 

10 

4 

7 

3 

1 

7 

15 

4 

6 

2 

Obio 27 

Perms  vlvaiiia 18 

Delaware 

1 

'  Virtnnia 

1    

3 

1 

1 
1 
1 

New  Hainpshiie :! 

Vermont 1 

;  Kentucky 

1  Louisiana 

2 
10 

1* 

Unknown 

11 

XewJersey 4 

Maine C 

212  1           1 

213 

1 

Tabular  statement  of  the  time  of  life  at  which  the  5,410  cases  treated  since  the  opening  of  the 

Institution  became  insane. 


1881. 

Admitted. 

1882. 

83 

5 

88 

55 

2 

57 

323 

13 

336 

n»3 

33 

976 

1,038 

38 

.      1, 0V6 

009 

22 

931 

600 

26 

626 

3!t7 

18 

415 

273 

9 

282 

254 

17 

271 

143 

10 

153 

51) 

3 

Ai 

7 

1 

8 

&4 

47 

131 

' 

4 

3 

.-■.,  103 

247 

5,410 

Under  10  years 

Between  10  and  15  years 
15  and  20  years 
2f)  and  25  years 
25  and  30  years 
30  and  35  years 
35  and  40  years 
40  and  45  years 
45  a!id  50  years 
50  and  (iO  years 
00  and  70  years 
70  and  80  years 
W)  and  90  years. 

Unknown  

"Sot  insane 

Total 


Prirate  patients. 

Total. 

There  were  at  llie  lu'^iuiiing of  th<i  year 9  nialca,  8  females..   17 

lieceived  (luring  the  year... 7  males,  4  feiiialrs..   11 

"Whole  number  umlor  treatmriil \C,  males,  12  female.H..  2H 

Discharged  during  the  year 7  males,  4  females . .   U 

Remaiuiug  at  the  end  of  the  year 9  males,  8  females..  17 


782 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


Remaining  of 
each  year's  ad- 
missions, June 
30, 1882. 

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REPORT    OF   THE    SECRETARY    OF   THE    INTERIOR. 


783 


vnox 


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784  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

The  total  Dumber  of  admissious,  247,  is  somewhat  in  excess  of  the 
annual  averaj?e  of  admissions  for  the  last  few  years,  while  the  whole 
number  under  treatment,  1,172,  is  larger  than  that  of  any  previous  year. 
The  daily  average  number  resident  is  929.  The  number  of  cases  re- 
ported as  having  recovered  is  81,  it  being  a  little  more  than  one-third 
the  whole  number  of  discharges,  including  deaths.  The  total  mortality 
of  the  year  was  101,  it  being  about  8.0  per  cent,  of  tlic  whole  number 
under  treatment.  This,  while  not  excessive  as  compared  with  other 
hospitals,  is  somewhat  above  the  average  annual  mortality  here  for  the 
last  ten  years.  A  considerable  number  of  cases  of  intermittent  fever 
have  occurred,  and  during  the  early  months  of  spring,  when  the  river 
water  was  rendered  very  impure  by  the  melting  snows  and  surface 
drainage,  a  bilious  diarrhoea  of  a  somewhat  obstinate  tyx)e  appeared, 
which  proved  fatal  in  a  few  cases  of  feeble  persons.  But  aside  from 
this  the  general  health  of  the  hospital  inmates  has  been  good,  and  the 
increased  mortality  seems  to  have  resulted  mainly  from  the  termination 
of  an  unusual  number  of  chronic  cases  of  brain  disease,  more  than  one- 
third  of  the  deaths  having  resulted  from  that  cause  alone.  In  only  nine 
cases,  out  of  the  ninety  deaths  in  which  the  duration  of  the  insanity  was 
known,  had  it  been  less  than  one  year's  standing.  The  hospital  has 
now  arrived  at  the  time  when  a  moderate  increase  m  the  yearly  death- 
rate  is  to  be  expected,  from  the  fact  that  a  very  considerable  portion  of 
the  population  of  the  institution  is  made  up  of  the  late  volunteer  sol- 
diers who  have  for  many  years  been  inmates  and  are  now  growing  old. 
The  question  of  the  continued  use  by  the  hospital  of  the  water  from  the 
Anacostia  Eiver,  which  is  every  year  becoming  more  impure,  has  been 
happily  settled  by  Congress  at  its  last  session  aj)propriating  the  means 
to  provide  a  supply  of  pure  water  for  all  purposes.  It  is  thought  that 
this  can  be  best  and  most  economically  obtained  by  bringing  the  Poto- 
mac aqueduct  water  under  the  river  from  the  mains  already  laid  in  the 
city.  Steps  are  now  being  taken  to  accomplish  this,  and  it  is  confi- 
dently expected  that  the  work  will  be  completed  before  the  time  for  the 
next  annual  report. 

The  legislation  of  Congress  at  the  last  session,  which  provides  at  this 
hospital  for  the  care  of  the  insane  from  tlie  Home  for  Disabled  Volun- 
teer Soldiers  will  result  in  a  considerable  increase  in  the  number  of 
Army  patients,  a  class  that,  as  the  wards  of  the  nation,  have  a  special 
claim  to  hosi)ital  care. 

In  providing  the  additional  accommodations  thereby  rendered  neces- 
sary it  will  be  possible  and  desirable  to  carry  out  the  plan  already  com- 
menced in  the  recent  additions  to  the  hospital,  of  pro^iding  detached 
buildings,  or  at  least  distinct  wards  for  certain  classes  of  the  insane. 
With  upwards  of  a  thousand  patients  from  whom  to  select  it  would  be 
strange  if  w^e  did  not  find  a  considerable  number  who  could  enjoy  within 
the  grounds  the  same  liberty  which  is  accorded  to  the  inmates  of  the  Sol- 
diers' Homes,  and  on  the  other  hand  the  provision  of  greater  security 
for  the  criminal  and  dangerous  class  apart  from  their  fellows  would 
allow  of  greater  latitude  in  the  care  and  surroundings  of  all  the  rest. 
With  the  completion  of  the  proposed  extensions  and  detached  buildings 
we  shall  have  upwards  of  forty  w  ards  for  the  classification  of  our  inmates. 
This  would  seem  to  give  us  all  the  variety  of  arrangement  and  subdi- 
vision which  a  progressive  philanthropy  requires,  or  that  is  consistent 
with  the  economical  management  of  the  hospital.  Indeed,  a  moderate 
increase  of  expenditure  will  be  found  to  result  from  the  multiplied  sub- 
division and  thorough  classification  which  the  comfort  and,  we  believe, 
the  best  interests  of  the  insane  demand.    But  in  their  care  the  question 


REPORT  OF  THP:  SECRETARY  OF  THE  IXTERIOR.     785 

ought  never  to  be  how  clieap,  but  how  well.  So  in  their  employment, 
the  listless,  idle  life  is  to  be  met  and  provided  for.  The  problem  of  the 
economy  of  the  labor  of  the  insane  is  at  best  but  a  secondary  considera- 
tion. The  experience  of  another  year's  occupation  of  our  work-room 
for  indoor  occupation  has  not  led  us  to  think  of  its  abandonment.  Tlie 
enthusiast  who,  with  no  power  or  right  to  compel  the  insane  to  labor, 
expects  the  most  of  his  j)atier)ts  to  undertake  anything  like  continuous 
work  indoors  or  out,  will  probably  be  disai)poin'ted.  Labor  is  still  re- 
garded as  the  "  primal  curse"  by  the  majority  of  our  inmates;  but  the 
total  number  of  hours  spent  in  the  brush  shop  is  on  the  increase,  and, 
with  the  provision  in  the  law  enabling  tlu'hosi)ital  to  dispose  of  surplus 
products  for  its  own  benefit,  we  hope  to  make  the  industry  self-support- 
ing. The  inmates  seem  cheerful  at  their  work,  and  are  better  content ; 
they  have  some  tools,  but  it  is  observable  that  accidents,  when  they 
occur,  do  not  happen  there;  the  violence  is  not  at  their  hands,  very 
much  as  elopements  are  generally  from  locked  doors  and  guarded  win- 
dows. Of  course  the  selection  of  patients  into  whose  hands  tools  can 
be  safely  put  is  a  matter  of  great  care,  more  so  than  that  of  inmates  for 
unlocked  wards.  Except  a  few  cases  where  the  typo  of  their  insanit^- 
predisi)Oses  to  restless  wandering,  very  few  of  our  chronic  insiine  desire 
to  run  away.  When  they  have  gone  outside  of  the  inclosures  it  has 
more  often  been  from  a  curiosity  to  see  what  lay  beyond  the  wall  than 
a  desire  to  escape.  This  is  their  home,  their  world,  and  it  ought  not  to 
be  so  conducted  as  to  seem  to  them  a  prison.  During  the  past  year  we 
have  opened  our  doors  wider,  with  no  unpleasant  result.  There  is  a 
limit  in  this  beyond  which  it  would  be  unsafe  to  go,  but  it  will  be  found 
to  be  a  limit  that  recedes  as  you  advance.  The  outer  doors  of  four  of  our 
female  wards,  as  well  as  those  of  the  relief  building  and  the  invalid 
ward  in  the  male  department,  now  stand  open  during  the  daytime  in 
pleasant  weather,  and  the  change  is  felt  to  be  an  agreeable  one  by  the 
inmates. 
The  follomng  is  the  table  of  farm  and  garden  products  for  the  year ; 

J  arm  and  ijaiden  prodiujts. 

• 

Aiqiaragas,  5,807  bnucliea,  at  6  cents $348  42 

Apples,  59  bushels,  at  75  cents 44  '2.'i 

Beans  hima),  276  bushels,  at  §1 *27G  fK» 

Beans  (string),  13 A  bushels,  at  75  cents 10  12 

:Beef  (fresh),  3,330'pouiKls,  at  10  cents 'X\:i  00 

Beets,  2,029  bunches,  at  4  cents si  l(i 

Beets,  149  bushels,  at  50  cents 74  50 

Beets  (greens),  2«  barrels,  at  $1 28  00 

Cabbage,  18,(>27  heails,  at  K  cents 1,490  if. 

Carrots,  3,345  bnuclifs,  at  3  cents lOO  ;{.'> 

Celery,  2,575  heads,  at  4  cents 10:{  00 

Chickens,  27-|V  dozens,  at  $4 110  'Xi 

encumbers,  539,  at  1  cent 5  39 

Cherries,  90  bushels,  at  »3 'J70  On 

Currants,  843  quarts,  at  15  cents VJ{\  ■{:, 

Corn  (green ),  12?^  jV  dozens,  at  12  cents 15  ;c 

Ducks,  5iV  tiozeus,  at  §5 27  91 

Eggs,  3,0t>5^5  (lozeuH,  at  20  cents r.13  17 

Figs,  34  quarts,  at  20  cents (J  N> 

Geese,  10,  at  $  1 10  00 

Gooseberries,  30  quarts,  at  15  cents 4  50 

Grapes,  9,077  pounds,  at  5  cents 453  ^5 

Kale,  285  biirrels,  at  §1.50 .1-J7  5ii 

Lettuce,  8,ll»l  heads,  at  2  cents ir.:5  .-^i 

Leeks,  1,425  heads,  at  1  cent. 14  2.'. 

Milk,  44,079  gallons,  at  30  cents 13,  22;t  7(i 

Onions  (sets),  5  bushels,  at  J8 40  0(t 

50  Ab 


786  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 

Onions,  5,78r>  bunches,  at  5  cents $289  25 

Onions,  12  l)uncheH,  at  $1 I'-i  00 

Oystor-plants,  l,ia2  bunclics,  at  (5  cents 70  92 

Parsley,  3,04;}  bunches,  at  3  cents 109  29 

Parsnips,  206  bushcln,  at  $1 206  00 

Peppers,  1  bushel,  at  l|I 1  00 

Pease,  526  bushels,  at  $1 526  00 

Pears,  4  bushels,  at  $3 12  00 

Pork,  37,877  pounds,  at  8  cents 3,030  16 

Potatoes  (Irish),  2U2  bushels,  at  75  cents 219  00 

Potatoes  (sweet),  198  bushels,  at  50  cents 99  00 

Pumpkins,  8  cartloads,  at  $2 16  00 

Quinces,  5  bushels,  at  $3 15  00 

Kadish  (horse),  138  pounds,  at  8  cents 11  04 

Radishes,  1,669  bunches,  at  3  cents 50  07 

Rhubarb,  315  bunches,  at  3  cents 9  45 

Raspberries,  225  quarts,  at  20  cents 45  00 

Strawberries,  2,690  quarts,  at  12i  cents 336  45 

Spinach,  12  barrels,  at  $1 12  00 

Squash  (summer),  3,751,  at  2  cents 75  02 

Squash  (turban),  2,985,  at  3  cents 89  55 

Turkeys,  16,  at  $1.50 24  00 

Turnips,  170  bushels,  at  50  cents 85  00 

Turnips  (greens),  35  barrels,  at  $1 35  00 

Tomatoes,  696^  bushels,  at  50  cents 348  25 

Veal,  187  pounds,  at  8  cents 14  96 

24, 143  21 

The  following  are  the  products  that  were  consumed  on  the  farm, 
and  consequently  are  not  a  part  of  the  profits. 


Corn  fodder  (green),  14  acres,  at  $35 

Corn  fodder  (dry),  100  tons,  at$12 1,200 

Grass  (green),  5  acres,  at  $30 150 

Hay,  200  tons,  at  $17 3,400 

Mangel-wurzel,  75 tons,  at$15 - .-•  1,125 

Rye  (green),  5  acres,  at  $30 150 

Straw  (rye),  50  tons,  at  $15 750 

Total 7,265 

The  season  of  1881  was  one  of  drought  and  discouragement  to  farpers 
throughout  the  country,  and  the  hospital  farm  presented  no  exception 
to  the  general  rule. 

The  hay  crop  suffered  least,  but  is  somewhat  reduced  from  that  of 
the  previous  year.  The  grapes,  our  greatest  luxury,  were  nearly  ruined 
by  a  severe  hail-storm.  The  late-cabbage  crop  was  almost  a  failure ; 
what  the  drought  spared  the  canker-worm  took.  On  the  other  hand, 
the  advantage  of  the  new  piggery  is  seen  in  the  pork  product,  which 
shows  an  increase  from  22,376  pounds  in  1881,  to  37,877  pounds  in  1882.' 
With  the  immense  amount  of  oiial  which  is  necessarily  produced,  the 
raising  of  swine  is  perhaps  the  most  profitable  industry  connected 
with  the  hospital  farm.  The  milk  product  was  44,079  gallons.  Until 
more  stall  room  can  be  provided  for  neat  cattle  we  must  be  content 
with  this,  although  the  hospital,  with  its  considerable  increase  of  in- 
mates, wUl  soon  require  200  gallons  daily,  and  with  proper  accommoda- 
tions for  stock  the  hospital  farm  could  easily  be  made  to  produce  that 
amount.  The  farm  and  garden  have  continued  to  furnish  healthful 
employment  to  quite  a  number  of  the  inmates,  although  the  credit  for 
this  does  not  appear  on  the  balance-sheet  of  the  farm  account. 

The  estimates  for  the  year  ending  June  30,1884,  are  as  follows : 

1.  For  the  support,  clothing  and  treatment  in  the  Government  Hos- 
pital for  the  Insane,  of  the  Army,  Navy,  Marine  Corps,  the  Kevenue 
Cutter  Service,  and  the  United  States  convict  insane,  also  of  all  per-, 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     787 

sons  ■who  have  become  insane  since  their  entry  into  the  military  or 
naval  service  of  tlic  United  States,  and  of  the  indigent  insane  of  the 
District  of  Columbia,  $253,125. 

Under  the  recent  legislation  whereby  provision  has  been  made  for 
the  reception  and  care  at  the  Government  Hospital  for  the  Insane  of 
the  insane  from  the  Home  for  the  Disabled  Volunteer  Soldiers,  it  is 
thought  that  the  average  number  of  the  indigent  insane  of  all  classes 
to  be  provided  for  during  the  liscal  year  ending  June  liO,  1881,  -svill  not 
be  less  than  1,125.  The  expectation  is  that  the  number  from  the  Sol- 
diers' Home  will  not  exceed  150,  and  that  the  admissions  from  all  sources 
will  not  greatly  exceed  those  of  the  present  year.  Such  calculations, 
from  the  natuie  of  the  case,  can  be  only  approximations  and  may  prove 
to  be  underestimates. 

The  basis  of  estimated  cost  is  $225  per  annum  for  each  patient,  which 
includes  all  the  expenditures  of  the  hospital  except  those  for  special  im- 
provements and  repairs.  For  three  years  past  Congress  has  provided 
for  a  portion  of  this  expenditure  in  the  bill  for  the  expenses  of  the  Dis- 
trict of  Columbia.  Following  the  ratio  of  increase  of  the  appropriation 
under  that  head  which  has  been  adopted  for  those  years,  the  amount  in 
the  District  bill  will  be  $4G,700,  leaving  $206,425  to  be  provided  for  as 
hitherto  in  the  sundry  civil  bill. 

The  provision  that  has  been  made  forsome  years  past  that  not  exceed- 
ing $1,000  of  this  appropriation  may  be  expended  in  removing  indigent 
patients  to  their  homes  is  just,  and  so  obviously  in  the  line  of  economy 
that  its  continuance  is  recommended. 

2.  For  general  repairs  and  improvements,  $10,000. 

This  is  the  amount  approi^riated  for  this  purpose  for  the  past  two  years, 
and,  in  view  of  the  extent  of  the  buildings  and  grounds,  it  is  not  too 
much  to  keep  everything  in  good  repair  and  maintain  all  departments 
of  the  hospital  in  efficient  condition. 

3.  For  special  improvements,  viz:  Additional  accommodations  for 
stock  and  farm  products ;  detached  kitchens  and  cooking  apparatus ; 
cold  grapery;  forcing  and  green-house;  replacing  wooden  with  iron 
stairs;  for  furnishing  new  wards;  in  all,  $27,500, 

It  is  believed  that  nothing  has  been  asked  under  this  head  that  is  not 
absolutely  needed  for  the  most  efficient  conduct  of  the  hospital.  The 
question  of  more  shelter  for  our  neat  stock  and  barn  room  for  our  farm 
products  is  an  urgent  one.  Aside  from  nev/  structures  for  the  swine, 
no  farm  buildings  have  been  erected  since  1874 ;  the  milk  product  of  the 
farm  for  that  year  was  13,918  gallons.  For  the  year  ending  June  30, 
1882,  it  was  44,079  gallons.  If  we  are  to  carry  our  milk  su])i)ly  nj)  to  200 
gallons  a  day,  as  we  can,  and  as  wo  must  if  we  are  to  allbrd  an  abundance 
of  that  form  of  nourishment,  for  which  we  have  found  no  substitute  in 
these  enfeebled  cases,  broken  down  with  disease,  we  must  have  some- 
thing besides  shed  room  for  our  greatly  increased  herd.  Nor  is  it  econ- 
omy for  the  United  States  to  yearly  expose  to  the  weather  one  hundred 
tons  of  hay  in  stacks  when  the  expenditure  of  $5,000  would  give  us  tho 
needed  barn  room  and  tool  house. 

The  increased  nund)or  of  inmates  renders  the  erection  of  detached 
buildings  for  the  culinary  department  an  absolute  necessity.  The  free- 
dom from  the  odors  of  cooking  throughout  the  building,  and  the  al)senro 
of  the  tropic  heat  hitherto  generated  in  the  offices  situated  ilirectly 
over  the  i)resent  kitchen,  will  be  felt  as  a  relief.  The  estimate  for  this, 
including  the  necessary  aj^paratus  for  roasting,  steaming,  and  otherwise 
preparing  the  food,  $8,500. 

The  sum  of  $3,000  for  cold  grapery,  forcing  and  green  house,  is  an  ex- 


788  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    Tin; 

pendituie  that  will  add  more  to  the  beauty  of  the  j^rouiid.s  and  the  pleas- 
ure of  the  inmates  than  the  sanje  amount  would  yield  in  almost  any 
other  way.  It  is  not  alone  an  .'esthetic,  but  an  economic  provision  to 
preserve  and  brinp:  forward  the  budding-  plants  that  brighten  the  gar- 
dens and  lawns.  It  is  not  unmeet  to  plant  flowers  by  the  pathways  of 
sorrow. 

In  preparing  the  estimates  for  firewalls,  for  which  an  appropriation 
WHS  made  the  present  year,  and  wiiich  walls  are  now  in  process  of  erec- 
tion, the  item  of  $4,500,  to  replace  the  in'csent  wooden  stairways  with 
lire-proof  ones,  was,  unfortunately,  overlooked.  This  is  so  obviously 
necessary  to  complete  the  protection  against  fire  that  it  is  now  asked  to 
be  made  immediately  available. 

The  i-emaining  item  of  $0,000  is  to  ])rovide  bedding  and  furniture  for 
the  new  w'ards,  which  we  confidently  expect  to  have  ready  for  occupa- 
tion by  the  fall  of  1883. 

We  have  to  acknowledge  our  renewed  indebtedness  to  kind  friends 
for  assistance  at  our  evening  entertainments  with  music  and  dramatic 
representations ;  to  Professor  Sousa  and  the  Marine  Band  for  agreeable 
out-door  concerts ;  to  Miss  Marsh  for  a  fine  bear  cub,  as  the  nucleus  of 
a  zoological  garden ;  to  Colonel  Casey  and  to  thoughtful  ladies  who  have 
sent  us  flowers  and  jdants  for  our  wards,  and  to  all  who  in  one  way  and 
another  have  aided  our  work. 

Eev.  J.  S.  Deale,  D.  D.,  after  an  acceptable  service,  having  resigned 
his  place  as  chaplain,  IJev.  C.  Herbert  Eichardson  has  been  appointed 
to  the  vacancy.  There  have  been  no  other  changes  in  the  staff  of  offi- 
cers during  the  year.  IMuch  of  the  continued  usefulness  and  ijrosperity 
of  the  hospital  has  been  due  to  the  faithful  service  and  enlarged  experi- 
ence of  these  officers  in  the  work  of  their  choice.  In  hospital  annals  an 
uneventful  is  a  successfal  year. 

Again  commending  to  the  judicious  liberality  of  the  Nation's  Con- 
gress this  government  hospital,  which  they  have  created  and  maintained 
for  the  wards  of  the  nation. 

We  are,  very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servants, 

J.  K.  BAENES, 
President  of  Board  of  Visitors. 
W.  W.  GODDING, 
Secretary  ex  officio, 

Hon.  H.  M.  Teller, 

Secretary  of  the  Interior. 


EEPOET  OF  THE  SUPEEINTENDENT  HOT  SPEINGS  EESEli- 

YATION. 

Hot  Springs,  October  1, 1882. 
Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  transmit  my  annual  report  for  the  year  end- 
ing the  30th  of  June,  1882.  My  financial  report  was  forwarded  some 
time  since,  by  which  you  will  learn  that  my  collections  of  water  rent 
amounted  to  $3,535.61 ;  ground  rent,  $1,000;  disbursements,  $1,066.91; 
deposited  in  the  Merchants'  National  Bank,  Little  Eock,  $3,468.70.  I 
also  inclose  the  report  of  J.  L.  Barnes,  who  has  charge  of  the  Mud- 
liole  bath  pool,  by  w^hich  you  will  learn  that  37,690  free  baths  were 
given  during  the  year,  and  6,313  paid  baths.  The  amount  collected  for 
the  paid  baths  is  applied  to  defray  the  expenses  of  salaries  of  attend- 
ants and  other  necessary  expenses,  as  you  will  see  by  the  account  ren- 


REPORT  Ol'  THE  SECRETARV  OP  THE  INTERIOR.     T89 

(lered.  Martin  Burrctt,  who  has  t']!arj;;(.*  of  the  free  pools  on  the  soiitli 
side  of  the  inoimtain,  ro])oits  that  there  are  at  least  KM)  baths  taken 
every  day  in  the  two  ]kioIs  for  men  and  women. 

Since  iny  last  annual  report  I  have  constructed,  by  order  of  the  Sec- 
retary, another  brick  tank,  in  which  the  water  of  several  of  the  elevated 
springs  is  conveyed  by  pipes.  It  stands  on  the  side  of  the  mountain 
above  the  Arlington  ITotel.  It  holds  I'O.OOO  jjallons.  Several  bath- 
houses draw^  hot  water  from  this  tank. 

Capt.  T.  H.  Haudbury,  United  States  engineer,  has  completed  the 
surva\v  of  the  creek,  and,  I  presume,  has  forwanled  his  rei)ort.  I  re- 
spectfully but  most  earnestly  recommond  that  tin-  portion  of  the  creek 
from  the  forks  down  to  the  Arlington  Hotel  be  imjiroved  at  once,  as  the 
street  is  dangerous  and  in  places  almost  impassable.  I  suggest  that 
Congress  be  asked  to  ai)[)ropriate  a  sulTicient  amount  to  corai)lete  the 
entire  work  as  proposed  by  Ca])tain  Handbury. 

I  must  again  urge  upon  the  Secretary  the  policy,  and,  indeed,  the  ne- 
cessity of  giving  the  Federal  court  jurisdiction  over  this  reservation* 
The  local  magistrates  are  elected  by  popular  vote.  The  gamblers, 
fakirs,  robbers,  and  bummers  cojistitute  a  large  element  of  the  voting 
l)opulatiou,  and  consequently  the  local  magistrates,  in  many  instances, 
are  in  sympathy  with  them,  if  not  of  the  same  character.  Therefore 
it  is  almost  an  impossibility  to  convict  this  clnss  of  trespassers  upon  the 
reservation.  If  the  authority  was  given  to  the  l-'ederal  court  I  would 
have  little  trouble,  as  this  class  of  men  have,  as  indeed  most  of  the  peo- 
ple of  the  South,  a  very  healthy  fear  of  the  L'nited  States  court. 

By  direction  of  the  Secretary,  I  selected  one  hundred  lots  on  the  orig- 
inal reservation,  which  were  sold  at  Little  Rock  by  the  land  oflieers  in 
Julj'.  As  I  predicted  in  my  report  to  the  Secretary,  the  lots  sold  for 
prices  largely  over  the  valuation  by  the  late  commissioners,  and  would 
have  brought  much  more  had  it  not  been  for  a  combination  formeil  on 
the  last  day  of  the  sale,  by  which  no  bids  above  the  valuation  were  to 
be  made.  I  therefore  recommend  that  no  more  of  public  lots  be  sold 
at  present.  The  town  is  rapidly  improving  and  the  remaining  lots  will 
steadily  increase  in  value. 

The  number  of  guests  and  patients  is  constantly  increasing  from  ye;ir 
to  year,  as  the  marvelous  eftect  of  these  water's  becomes  known  through- 
out the  country.  Tiie  bath-houses  on  the  reservation  are  elegant 
structures;  handsomely  and  conveniently  furnished,  atlbrding  every 
l)0ssible  facility  to  the  bathers.  The  hotels  and  boarding-honses  are  in- 
creasing, and  are  am])le  to  meet  the  wants  of  the  guests,  and  at  i)rices 
within  the  means  of  all  classes.  The  wisdom  of  tin;  government  in  re- 
taining the  control  of  this  reservation  and  tlicse  wonderful  wat<»rs,  is 
manifested  daily.  Its  ])olicy  not  only  atlbrds  elegant  and  delightful  fa- 
cilities ibr  bathing  to  the  wealthy  and  well-to-do  peoi)le,  but  it  furnishes 
to  the  afllicted  poor,  who  come  here  from  all  parts  of  the  country,  the 
benefit  of  these  waters  without  money  and  without  price. 
Very  respectfully, 

B.  F.  KKLLEY, 
tSu2>nin(cndent. 

Hon.  H.  M.  Teller, 

Seaelanj  of  the  Interior. 


790  TAPERS  ACCOMPANYING  THE 


REPORT  OF  THE  SUPEliIi\TI0NJ)Ej^TOE  TJIE  YELLOWSTONE 

NATIONAL  PARK. 

Headquarters  Yellowstone  National  Park, 

Mammoth  Hot  Springs,  Wyo.,  December  1,  1882. 

Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  the  following  as  my  animal  report: 

1  arrived  in  the  Park  on  the  22(1  day  of  May,  coming-  in  by  the  Union 
Pacific  Railroad  from  Omaha  to  Ogden,  thence  by  the  Utaii  Northern 
Railroad  to  Dillon,  thence  by  stage  to  Virginia  City,  Mont.  From  there 
I  was  obliged  to  take  private  conveyance  up  the  valley  of  the  Madison 
River  to  its  head  in  the  great  Fire-Hole  Basin,  a  distance  from  Virginia 
City  of  115  miles.  After  remaining  there  at  the  Marshall  House  two 
days,  Mr.  Marshall,  with  Mr.  George  Graham  (a  blacksmith,  whom  I  had 
hired  at  Virginia  City  for  the  season),  my  son,  and  myself,  set  out  on 
horseback  for  the  Mammoth  Hot  Springs,  the  official  headquarters  of 
the  Park,  a  distance  of  50  miles  over  the  mountains.  It  was  a  severe 
and  perilous  journey,  on  account  of  the  snow  and  the  swollen  rivers  and 
mountain  streams  that  lay  across  our  way.  However,  thanks  to  the 
experience  and  indomitable  courage  of  my  guides  and  the  endurance  of 
our  faithful  horses,  we  all  reached  headquarters  in  safety  the  second 
day  out,  a  little  before  midnight. 

On  reaching  the  house  all  w^as  dark  and  silent,  but  we  soon  made  our- 
selves heard.  A  light  gleamed  through  the  windows,  the  door  was 
thrown  open,  and  wo  were  invited  in  by  Mr.  Stephens,  the  superintend- 
ent in  charge,  with  a  generous  cordiality  seldom  found  elsewhere  than 
in  these  mountains. 

After  spending  a  day  or  two  at  headquarters,  and  advising  with  Mr. 
Stephens,  I  started  with  two  teams  for  Bozeman,  Mont.,  our  nearest  nmr- 
ket  town  (from  this  point  80  miles  distant),  to  purchase  us  supplies 
and  tools,  hire  a  crew  of  men,  and  prepare  for  the  season's  campaign. 
The  road  was  in  a  horrible  condition,  consequently  we  could  haul  but 
light  loads,  yet  we  succeeded  in  landing  sufficient  supplies  to  last  until 
better  roads. 

We  also  hired  a  small  crew  of  men  which  we  set  at  work  on  the  5tli 
of  June,  at  the  north  side  of  the  Park,  near  the  Yellowstone  River,  at 
the  foot  of  McCartney's  hill.  We  also  employed  a  carpenter  and  a  ma- 
son, and  set  about  repairing  the  headquarter's  house,  which  we  found 
to  be  in  a  sadly  dilapidated  condition,  and  hardly  habitable  for  a  white 
man.  Our  mason  first  burned  a  small  limekiln,  and  then  pointed  the 
house  from  the  ground  to  the  roof,  inside  and  out,  and  whitewashed  the 
wall  through  all  of  the  inside  until  it  was  white  as  snow,  thereby  de- 
stroying the  vermin  that  infested  the  premises  in  such  vast  numbers 
that  no  person  with  a  cuticle  less  sensitive  than  that  of  a  rhinoceros 
could  live  in  them  through  the  summer  mouths.  Meantime  our  carpen- 
ter was  at  work  repairing  the  doors,  windows,  roof,  and  other  parts  of 
the  building,  putting  up  ceiling  overhead  with  cotton  cloth,  for  want  of 
lumber;  making  domestic  furniture,  such  as  tables,  bedsteads,  and  set- 
tees; the  latter  we  covered  with  calico,  making  a  convenient  seat  for 
the  numerous  callers  that  have  visited  us  the  past  summer.  So  we  can 
now  say  that  the  government  buildings  here  are  in  a  state  of  preserva- 
tion, and  comfortable,  if  not  elegant. 

Simultaneously  with  commencing  work  on  this  side  of  the  Park,  I 
had  taken  steps  to  organize  and  equi])  another  party  to  begin  work  at 
Riverside,  on  the  Madison  River,  near  the  west  line  of  the  Park,  and 
near  the  point  where  the  travel  from  Virginia  City  and  a  place  on  the 


REPORT  OP  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     791 

Utah  Northern  Eailroad  called  Beaver  Canon  unite,  and  i)roceed  to- 
gether to  the  central  attraction,  the  Fire-Hole  Basin  and  the  prcat 
geysers.  Here  I  found  it  necessary  to  do  some  heavy  grading.  Here- 
tofore the  travel  had  been  forced  i)rincii)ally  to  reach  the  Fire-Hole 
Basin  by  following  the  river  through  a  difiicult  and  rough  canon,  involv- 
ing the  fording  of  the  stream  five  times  in  the  short  distance  of  about 
10  miles.  The  ]\[adison  River  at  this  point  is  a  broad  and  rapid  stream, 
and  except  in  time  of  low  water  these  crosshigs  are  both  difficult  and 
dangerous.  A  good  road,  however,  can  be  made  through  this  canon 
when  the  government  will  supply  the  money.  I  estimate  that  it  will 
cost  not  less  than  $15,000  to  bridge  and  grade  about  20  miles  of  this 
route.  Under  these  <;ircumstanc('S  there  seemed  to  me  nothing  left  us 
but  to  try  and  scale  the  mighty  mountains  and  hills  that  lie  along  the 
Madison,  and  between  us  and  our  objective  point. 

The  Fire-Hole  Basin  work  was  begun  here  on  the  8th  of  June,  and 
after  six  weeks  of  hard  digging,  plowing,  and  scraping,  the  summit  was 
attained,  leaving  behind  us  a  road  and  grade  up  which  our  four-mule  team 
has  hauled  repeatedly  a  load  of  freight  weighing  over  2,500  pounds. 
This  party,  headed  by  Mr.  George  Graham  and  my  son,  G.  ^f.  Conger 
(when  not  engaged  in  doing  blacksmith  work  or  hunting),  proceeded 
on  the  road  towards  the  Fire-Hole,  removing  the  stumps  and  rocks 
from  the  path,  putting  in  culverts  and  cross-ways  or  bridges  over  mirey 
ground  and  deep  gulleys,  until  they  reached  the  big  hills  on  the  verge 
of  the  basin,  where  another  long  and  heavy  grade  had  to  be  made  to 
let  us  down  to  a  level  with  the  Fire-Hole  River  at  Marshall  Hotel. 

In  the  meantime  the  jiarty  commencing  work  at  ^McCartney's  hill  had 
been  recruited  to  about  a  dozen  men,  and  placed  under  the  command  of 
Capt.  E.  S.  Topping.  They  worked  up  from  McCartney's,  making  an 
excellent  road,  considering  the  high  and  rough  character  of  the  ground 
over  which  the  road  lies.  Thence  they  pushed  on  over  the  immense 
mountains  which  surround  the  valley  of  the  Gardiner  River  at  this 
place,  doing  all  that  could  be  done  to  render  passable  the  road  out  over 
this  range,  until  a  level  plateau  is  reached,  over  which  our  May  i)asses 
for  a  distance  of  about  8  miles,  bringing  us  to  the  main  brancli  of  the 
Gardiner  River,  and  about  12  miles  from  headquarters.  Here  we  found 
it  necessary  to  construct  a  bridge,  as  the  river  is  deep  and  rapid,  and 
an  attempt  to  ford  it,  except  at  low  water,  is  attended  with  great  diffi- 
culty and  danger.  Indeed,  a  party  of  tourists  went  into  camp  for  a 
week  here,  waiting  for  a  decline  of  the  water  before  venturing  to  cross. 
My  assistant,  Mr,  G.  L.  Henderson,  went  with  mo  out  to  the  river,  and, 
after  a  carefiU  examination  of  the  same  for  a  mile  or  two,  up  and  down, 
we  agreed  upon  the  most  eligible  point  to  locate  the  bridge,  and  upon 
the  plan  of  its  construction.  Captain  Topping  and  his  men  look  hold 
of  the  work  in  earnest,  and  in  less  than  two  weeks  they  had  linished  a 
substantial  structure  across  the  river  that  we  think  retlects  credit  upon 
its  builders.  The  bridge  is  built  with  abutments  on  each  shore,  well 
out  into  the  river.  The  abutments  are  ma<le  by  a  crib  of  logs  lirmly 
pinned  together  at  the  (^rners,  and  then  lillcd  with  rock  above  high- 
water  mark.  The  center  j^ier  we  niade  in  the  sliap«)  of  a  V,  fastcnetl  in 
the  same  manner  at  the  corner,  and  lilled,  like  the  abutments,  with  rock ; 
then  the  structure  was  covered  witii  hewn  logs  live  inches  thick,  the 
whole  making  a  bridge  that  1  think  will  stand  any  strain  that  is  likely 
to  happen  it,  either  from  the  eh>ments  or  otherwise.  The  cover  of  the. 
bridge  is  90  feet  long.  Up  to  this  time  it  was  the  custom  of  ^Ir.  Hen- 
derson or  myself  to  be  on  the  ground  daily  with  the  men;  and,  iudeetl, 
during  the  whole  season  one  or  both  of  us  has  been  in  the  Held  nearly 
all  of  the  time. 


792  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 

After  tlic  bridge  was  linislied,  the  ca}>tain,  witli  liis  party,  pushed  on 
south  toward  the  Fire-llole  Basin,  that  being  the  gi'and  center  towards 
which  both  parties  were  aiming.  Our  route  now  runs  up  the  Willow 
Creek  to  near  the  great  obsidian  or  gUiss  mountain,  which  is  a  marvel- 
ous thing  in  nature  and  well  worth  the  journey  to  see.  There  was  con- 
siderable work  on  this  part  of  the  road  in  taking  out  rocks  in  the  path, 
an(J  building  and  repairing  culverts  and  cross- ways. 

After  passing  the  glass  mountain  we  soon  come  upon  high  hills  and 
rough  country,  requiring  a  great  amount  of  labor  to  render  the  road 
passable.  We  are  now  leaving  the  waters  that  flow  into  the  Gardiner 
Eiver,  and  are  climbing  the  mountains  that  separate  the  Gardiner  from 
the  Gibbon  Eiver.  About  here  we  pass  a  beautiful  lake,  called  Lake  of 
the  Woods.  I  do  not  know  what  the  altitude  is  at  this  iK)int,  but  it 
cannot  be  less  than  7,500  feet  above  sea  level. 

From  thence  we  worked  our  way  over  a  rough  and  hilly  country  to 
the  Gibbon  Basin,  where  the  traveler  is  startled  by  his  first  sight  of 
this  wonderful  Fire-Hole.  Standing  on  the  eminence  that  surrounds 
and  overlooks  this  basin,  with  its  thousand  columns  of  hissing  steam 
rising  to  the  clouds,  and  its  hundred  spouting  and  boiling  springs,  all 
in  active  operation,  hurling  their  heated  waters  high  into  the  air,  he 
sees  a  sight  so  novel  and  so  sublime  as  to  daze  the  beholder  and  fill 
him  with  awe.  In  this  basin  are  several  large  geysers  and  a  great  num- 
ber of  lesser  ones.  We  have  now  reached  a  point  30  miles  nearly 
south  of  headquarters,  or  the  Mammoth  Hot  Springs,  and  about  35 
miles  from  the  north  line  of  the  Park.  It  is  yet  20  miles  to  the 
great  Fire-Hole  Basin.  Our  road  is  still  in  a  mountainous  and  rugged 
country,  requiring  much  labor  and  expense  before  it  can  be  said  to  be 
a  good  road.  Still  we  pushed  on ;  but  owing  to  the  limited  amount  of 
the  appropriation  (and  when  you  consider  the  extent  of  the  territory 
and  the  great  natural  obstructions  that  have  to  be  encountered,  it  seems 
to  me  it  must  be  evident  to  you  that  the  amount  heretofore  placed  at 
the  disposal  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  "for  the  protection  and  im- 
provement of  the  Yellowstone  National  Park"  Is  entirely  inadequate) 
we  are  obliged  to  content  ourselves  by  making  such  roads  and  improve- 
ments only  as  will  render  travel  possible. 

But  to  proceed  with  our  road :  we  have  to  pass  over  some  very  high 
hills  to  reach  the  valley  of  the  main  Gibbon,  where  we  encounter  a  wide, 
low  bottom  called  the  Geyser  Meadows,  a  place  where  it  will  require  a 
large  amount  of  labor  to  make  a  good  road.  After  passing  this  meadow 
our  road  enters  the  Gibbon  Canon,  and  follows  the  river  down  several 
miles,  close  on  the  edge  of  the  stream,  crossing  the  same  three  times  in 
as  many  miles  over  difficult  and  dangerous  crossings  in  time  of  high 
water.  After  passing  through  this  caiion  our  road  gains  the  highlands 
by  a  steep  grade  along  the  side  of  the  mountain  on  the  south  side  of 
the  river.  We  soon  come  to  the  great  falls  of  the  Gibbon,  where  the 
river  plunges  over  a  perpendicular  precipice  of  75  feet,  which  in  the 
stillness  of  the  evergreen  forest  that  covers  this  country  renders  the 
scene  as  enchantingly  beautiful  as  "fairy-land."  We  are  now  within 
10  miles  of  our  objective  point,  viz,  the  Lower  Fire-Hole  Basin ;  and  as 
the  character  of  the  country  differs  little  from  that  over  which  we  have 
passed,  I  need  not  particularize  further  than  to  mention  that  we  made 
two  quite  important  grades  on  the  way,  changing  the  road  from  the  old 
track,  and  materially  lessening  the  difificulties  over  two  high  and  rugged 
hULs. 

At  last,  through  much  tribulation,  we  have  arrived  at  the  head  of  the 
Madison  Eiver,  which  is  formed  by  the  junction  of  the  two  Fire-Hole 


RKPOR'I'   OP   THE   SECRKTARV    OF    THK    INTERIOR.  793 

Kivers  at  the  iiortberu  edge  of  the  Lower  Fire-J  lole  Dasiii.  Wlien  I  tell 
you  that  at  this  point  the  ^fadison  IJiver  is  a  dee;)  and  rapid  Htieam, 
nearly  or  quite  200  feet  in  m idth,  you  will  lune  sonir  conceiition  ol"  the 
immense  How  of  boiling  hot  water  that  conies  out  of  tlie  earth  within 
less  than  15  miles  of  this  point,  and  forms  the  two  Fire-Hole  Eivers 
Avhich  here  unite. 

My  working  force  (both  parties)  were  now  here,  and  I  found  it  an 
imperative  necessity  to  build  a  storehouse  and  bhicksmith  shop  in 
order  properly  to  care  for  our  i)rovisions  and  snpi)lies.  the  government 
having  no  building  nearer  than  our  headquarters,  ")(>  miles  distant.  Be- 
sides, this  point  is  the  gi^and  cent«^r  of  attraction,  and  a  place  to  which 
every  tourist  who  visits  the  Park  is  certain  to  conu'.  Om?  other  reason 
why  I  selected  this  site  for  a  storehouse  was,  on  account  of  its  central 
position  working  parties  can  be  supplied  from  this  depot  in  one  day 
from  almost  any  part  of  the  Park.  xVfter  having  resolved  to  build,  and 
decided  upon  the  size  and  style  of  the  buildings  requirccl^  I  dratted  the 
plans  and  set  part  of  the  men  to  getting  out  tlie  timber  for  the  proposed 
buildings. 

The  rest  of  the  men,  under  Captain  Topping,  continued  work  on  the 
road.  I  directed  them  first  to  go  over  the  road  to  the  Yellowstone  I^ake, 
a  distance  of  35  miles  from  this  point,  and  put  the  same  in  good  repair, 
and  then  turned  their  attention  toward  the  Great  Falls  and  the  Grand 
Canon  of  the  Yellowstone,  about  20  miles  below  the  lake.  The  work 
was  comparatively  light  on  the  road  from  the  Fire-Hole  t<)  the  lake ; 
but  when  we  neared  the  falls  and  canon  I  found  it  necessary  to  cut  a 
new  road  along  the  bank  of  the  river  for  over  three  miles  to  enable 
tourists  to  ride  to  the  falls.  Heretofore  they  have  been  compelled  to 
abandon  their  carriages,  and  climb  almost  imjjassable  mountains  on  the 
back  of  a  pony  or  on  foot.  This  road  along  the  river  was  a  difficult 
and  costly  piece  to  build,  requiring  heavy  excavation  along  the  side  of 
the  steep  mountain  for  nearly  the  whole  distance.  But  it  is  finished, 
and  we  have  received  the  commendation  and  thanks  of  every  jierson 
who  has  i)assed  over  the  road,  ibr  having  built  it. 

Meantime  our  buildings  are  i)rogressing  at  the  Fire-Hole  Basin,  the 
place  we  now  call  our  summer  headfpiarters.  The  government  store- 
house here  in  dimensions  is  .'U  by  22  feet,  built  of  hewn  logs,  substan- 
tially and  neatly  put  up,  one  story  high,  with  solid  log  partition  framed 
into  the  structure,  making  two  rooms  in  the  building.  One  room  is 
floored  with  hewn  logs,  5  inches  thick,  neatly  fitted  together,  for  the 
storage  of  provisions  ;  this  heavy  i)artition  and  floor  being  necessary  to 
protect  our  sui)])lies  from  the  ravages  of  the  mountain  rats  and  scpiin-els 
that  here  abound.  The  other  room  is  not  yet  floored,  as  we  have  no 
lumber  except  what  we  manufacture  with  an  ax  ;  but  by  putting  in  an 
old  cooking  stove,  which  1  was  fortunate  enough  to  obtain  here,  it  makes 
a  very  convenient  and  comfortal)le  j)lace  foi'  us  when  at  work  in  this 
vicinfty,  besides  being  a  great  accommodation  to  tourists  who  desire  to 
leave  a  ])ortion  of  their  luggage  while  they  visit  the  lake,  the  Grand 
Canon,  and  the  Great  Falls  of  the  Yellowstone.  We  have  a  strong 
door  on  the  storeroom,  and  one  window  in  the  same;  also  an  outside 
door,  and  two  win<lows  in  the  front  room. 

The  blacksmith  shop  is  similar  in  construction,  20  by  20  feet,  with  a 
door  and  two  window-s.  Convenient  to  the  shop  is  a  coal-house,  10  by 
15  feet,  in  which  1  have  a  quantity  of  charcoal  left  over  after  tlie  s«*a 
son's  business,  from  a  i)it  that  we  burned  early  in  the  season.  The 
buildings  are  all  carefully  chinked  on  the  inside  and  dauljetl  on  the  out- 
side, and  thoroughly  covered  with  dirt  roofs,  which  we  consider  storm 


794  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING  THE 

proof,  and  will  probably  answer  the  purpose  for  which  they  were  con- 
strncted,  for  many  ycjirs. 

Mr.  Secretary,  J  would  j^ladly  have  consulted  you  in  regard  to  these 
buildings  before  they  were  begun,  but  the  demand  was  so  urgent,  and 
it  takes  so  very  long  to  communicate  by  mail,  in  these  far-o£f  mountains, 
with  your  office,  that  I  ventured  on  my  own  judgment  to  proceed  without 
specihc  authority,  trusting  that  what  I  might  do  would  receive  your 
sanction  and  ai)proval. 

After  the  buildings  were  completed  I  sent  the  men  who  had  been 
there  employed  with  a  pack-train  and  outfit  over  to  the  falls  to  improve 
the  trails  and  bridle-paths  around  them  and  the  Grand  Cailon,  also  to 
open  a  new  and  better  bridle-path  from  the  falls  along  the  base  of 
Mount  Washburn,  via  Tower  Falls,  to  intersect  the  Clark's  Fork  wagon 
road  near  ]5arronett's  bridge,  thus  enabling  tourists  to  make  a  complete 
circuit  of  the  Park,  and  to  see  most  of  the  marvelous  wonders  of  nature 
that  so  abound  in  this  our  nation's  great  play-ground,  and  which  I  am 
assured  by  eminent  travelers  are  not  to  be  found  elsewhere  on  the 
globe. 

It  is  September.  Our  bridle-paths  are  finished ;  our  grades  along 
the  banks  of  the  Yellowstone  are  completed ;  and  the  gathering  snows 
on  the  distant  mountain  tops  admonish  us  that  we  must  soon  seek  a  lesser 
altitude.  We  therefore  take  a  parting  glance  at  the  Great  Falls,  the 
Grand  Caiion,  and  the  glorious  snow-crowned  mountains,  and  all  depart 
for  our  summer  headquarters  in  the  Lower  Fire-Hole  Basin.  Arrived 
there  we  still  find  plenty  of  work  that  requires  our  attention,  notably 
the  building  of  three  foot-bridges,  two  of  them  across  the  Great  Fire- 
Hole  Eiver,  and  the  other  across  the  Little  Fire-Hole,  near  our  store- 
house. The  bridges  across  the  larger  river  are  130  feet  in  length,  and 
the  one  across  the  lesser  stream  is  50  feet  long,  Thes6  bridges  are 
built  by  hewing  long  timbers  flat,  and  placing  two  pieces  side  by  side 
upon  strong  benches  standing  in  the  river,  and  securely  fastened  to- 
gether, then  putting  up  a  hand-rail  along  one  side,  enabling  any  person 
to  cross  with  ease  and  safety.  These  foot-bridges  have  long  been  a 
necessity,  and  will  prove  a  great  convenience  to  ourselves  as  well  as  the 
public. 

September  14  I  took  my  departure  for  the  Mammoth  Hot  Springs,  to 
give  attention  to  my  office  work,  w^hich  I  confess  I  had  too  long  neg- 
lected. But  (as  I  have  before  written  you),  deeming  it  of  the  first  im- 
portance that  the  money  appropriated  by  Congress  for  the  improve- 
ment of  the  Park  be  judiciously  and  properly  expended,  I  felt  it  to  be 
my  first  duty  to  remain  in  the  field  to  direct  and  supervise  the  work. 
Before  leaving,  I  directed  Caj^tain  Topping  Avith  his  party  to  work  back 
over  the  road  to  the  Mammoth  Hot  Springs,  and  repair  some  crossways 
that  had  become  badly  demoralized  by  the  heavy  military  trains  and 
others  passing  over  them  during  the  summer.  I  left  Mr.  Graham  and 
my  son  with  their  men  to  finish  the  foot-bridges,  to  take  an  inventory 
of  the  stock  and  tools  to  be  left  there,  to  close  up  and  lock  the  build- 
ings, and  then  to  come  to  the  springs  and  construct  a  bridge  across  the 
Gardiner  Kiver,  which  had  recently  been  destroyed  by  a  devastating  tire 
that  had  swept  over  a  large  tract  of  the  Park  in  the  immediate  ndgh- 
borhood  of  headquarters.  I  spent  a  few  days  in  my  office,  and  then 
took  stage  for  Bozeman,  Mont.,  to  settle  with  the  merchants  of  that 
bright  and  busy  mountain  city  for  the  sui)plies  that  tlioy  had  so  gener- 
ously advanced  me  for  the  use  of  the  govvTument  during  the  season. 
I  was  thus  occupied  there  for  several  days,  when  I  again  took  the  stage 
for  Virginia  City,  Mont.,  another  trade  center  in  these  mountains,  to 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     795 

whose  liberal  merchants  I  was  uuder  like  obligations  for  the  same  kind 
of  favors.  I  closed  my  bnsiness  here,  and  icturnod  by  the  same  route, 
reaching  home  in  time  to  sec  the  last  phmk  fastened  down  upon  our  new 
bridge  across  the  Gardiner.  The  bridge  is  a  sjjlendid  one  of  the  kind, 
and  is  constructed  after  the  i)atteru  before  described.  I  then  settled 
with  the  few  men  tliat  haU  still  stuck  to  the  work  until  it  was  finished, 
which  was  on  the  25th  day  of  October. 

The  snow  was  now  getting  deep  all  over  the  Park.  The  bell  ha<l 
summoned  all  ashore  wlio  were  not  going  to  sail,  and,  not  desiring  to  be 
blockaded  here  all  winter,  I  bade  farewell  to  my  assistant,  Mr.  G.  L. 
Henderson,  and  his  son,  whom  we  left  in  charge,  and  myself  and  wife 
made  our  escape  down  the  valley  of  tlie  Yellowstone  to  the  North  Pacilic 
Railroad,  and  thence  to  the  green  tields  of  Iowa,  our  home. 

j\Ir.  Secretary,  I  desire  to  say,  in  concluding  this  prosy  report,  that 
we  do  not  claim  to  have  written  our  names  upon  tlie  mountain  tops  here, 
and  will  be  content  if  you  shall  approve,  and  the  great  public,  from 
whose  verdict  there  is  no  appeal,  shall  concede,  that  we  have  left  our 
mark  upon  the  roads,  trails,  and  bridle-paths  of  this  great  National 
Park. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  verv  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

P.  n.  COXGER, 
Superintendent  Yelloicstotie  yational  Pari: 


REPORT   OF  THE    UNITED    STATES    INSPECTOR   OK    GAS 

AND  METERS. 

Office  United  States  Inspectoe  of  Gas  and  ]\[etebs, 

No.  403  Tenth  Street, 
Washinf/tonj  D.  (7.,  September  4,  18S2. 
Sir:  I  have  the  honor  herewith  to  submit  the  annual  report  of  this 
ofiice,  showing  its  operations  for  the  Jiscal  year  ending  June  .SO,  ISS'2. 

At  its  commencement  will  be  found  condensed  tables  giving  the  illu- 
minating i)Ower  and  purity  of  the  gas  furnished  by  the  gas  companies 
during  the  year. 

Full  monthly  statements  will  be  found  in  Tables  A  and  li.  In  the  re- 
maining tables,  lettered  C,  D,  E,  E,  and  G,  the  monthly  in.si)ection  of 
meters,  the  i)ressun;  of  the  gas,  and  the  receipts  and  expemlitures  are 
fully  stated. 

Ver\'  respectfuUv,  vour  obedient  servant, 

'    '  S.  TALVEKT  FOliD, 

Inspector  of  (Jus  and  Mtters. 
Hon.  Henry  :\r.  Teller, 

Secretary  of  the  Interior. 


ILLUmiNATINO  POWER   AND  PITRTTY. 

The  illuminating  jjowerand  i)urity  of  th«'  gas  .supplied  in  this  District 
during  the  year  ending  dune  .')(),  ISSl*.  will  eoiiii»are  favorably  with  pn*- 
vious  years  since  inspection  has  been  in  oi)eration. 

The  gas  manufactured  and  sui>plied  by  the  Wa.shington  Gas  Light 
Company  is  not  entirely  a  jiroduct  Uoxn  coal;  tln-y  use  naphtha  as  an 
enricher.  This  hyilrocarbon  is  convertetl  into  a  lixed  gas,  and  then 
united  with  the  gas  obtained  from  coal. 

This  combinatjou  of  the  gases  from  coal  and  naphtha  yields  au  illu- 


79C  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   TRK 

minatinft-  gas  oi'  high  Kpeciiic  gravity.  On  80ine  occasions  complaints 
were  made  of  its  giving  off  smoke;  this  nuisance  will 'arise,  however, 
from  several  causes,  such  as  a  scant  or  inadequate  supply,  imperfect  or 
unsuitable  burners,  and  deficient  i)ressure. 

If  the  supply  of  gas  and  the  pressure  be  not  ample  to  give  a  perfect 
shai)e  or  form  to  flat-flame  burners,  smoke  and  unpleasant  odors  pro- 
duced by  imperfect  combustion  must  be  the  result. 

The  gas  supplied  by  the  Georgetown  Gas  Light  Company  is  manu- 
factured entirely  from  coal,  Pennsylvania  and  West  Virginia  coals  being 
Tised,  with  from  10  to  15  per  cent,  of  Cannelton  cannel  coal  as  an  en- 
richer. 

The  inspection  of  this  gas  since  October,  1881,  has  been  made  at  the 
laboratory  located  on  High  street,  the  distance  from  the  gas  works  by 
company's  mains  being  about  2,400  feet. 

Testing  the  illuminating  power  of  the  gas  at  this  point  affords  a  more 
satisfactory  average  of  quality  than  when  inspected  at  laboratory  ad- 
joining the  company's  manufacturing  department. 

The  illuminating  power  and  purity  of  the  gas  supplied  by  the  Wash- 
ington Gas  Light  Company  from  June  24, 1881,  to  June  23, 1882,  was 
as  follows : 

Average  illuminating  power  during  tlie  year - candles-.  IG.  87 

Highest  illuminating  power  during  the  year do ...  -  18. 5;' 

Lowest  illuminating  power  during  the  year do 14. 41> 

Average  quantity  of  ammonia  in  100  cubic  feet  during  the  year grains..  1. 92 

Highest  quantity  of  ammonia  in  100  cubic  feet  during  the  year do 7.52 

Lowest  quantity  of  ammonia  in  100  cubic  feet  diu-ing  the  year do 61 

Average  quantity  of  sulphur  in  100  cubic  feet  during  the  year.... do 11.60 

Highest  quantity  of  sulphur  in  100  cubic  feet  during  the  year do....  54.80 

Lowest  quantity  of  sulphur  in  100  cubic  feet  during  the  year do 5. 13 

Specific  gravity. — Average  specific  gravity,  .491 ;  air,  1.000 ;  highest, 
.591 ;  lowest,  .425. 

On  eighteen  occasions  during  the  past  year  the  gas  supplied  by  the 
Washington  Gas  Light  Company  was  of  less  illuminating  power  than 
sixteen  candles,  as  follows : 

Candles. 

July  6 15.71 

July  18 15.6ii 

.July  19 15.86 

September  27 15.82 

October  22 15.70 

October  24 15.97 

December  5 1.5.95 

December  6 15.74 

December  7 ^ 15. 9'.i 

.Ijinuary  31 - 15.  82 

February  1 15. 4() 

March  23 15.93 

March  30 15.99 

April '28 15.81 

Mav5 14.98 

June2 15,95 

June  3 15.66 

June  5 14.49 

On  twelve  occasions  the  gas  of  this  company  contained  a  slight  excess 
of  ammonia  over  the  5  grains  allowed  in  each  100  cubic  feet : 

GralDs. 

October29 6.07 

October  31 _ 5.86 

November  1 , 7.  .52 

Novemljer  2 > 6. 5)=! 

November  3 w_ 5-22 

November  10... -v. 5.27 


REPORT  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR.     797 

GtaiDs. 

November  11 ij.  1"J 

December  20 T).  01 

December  21 »>.  0:> 

December  23 .'».  7:5 

December  24 r>.  27 

June  23 5.  lU 

On  five  occasions  the  gas  supplied  by  this  company  contained  an  ex- 
cess of  sulphur  over  the  20  grains  allowed  in  each  100  cubic  feet : 

(il'uius. 

January  5 54.60 

February  11 2t).tn 

March  1 20.37 

March2 20.07 

Marcb3 22.  GG 

The  illuminating  power  ami  purity  of  tlie  gas  supplied  by  the  George- 
town Gas  Light  Company  from  Juno  24,  1881,  to  Juno  23,  1882,  wajs  as 
follows : 


Average  illuuilnatLaj^  power  dmiuy  the  year canillo.s. 

Highest  illuminating  power  during  the  year do... 

Lowest  illuminating  power  during  the  year do... 

Average  quantity  of  ammonia  in  ICO  cubic  feet  during  the  year grains. 

Highest  quantity  of  ammonia  in  100  cubic  feet  during  the  year <lo... 

Lowest  quantity  of  ammonia  in  100  cubic  feetduring  the  year do... 

Average  quantity  of  sulphur  in  100  cubic  feet  during  the  year do... 

Highest  quantity  of  suliihur  in  100  cubic  feet  during  the  year do... 

Lowest  quantity  of  sulphur  in  WO  cubic  feetduring  the  year do... 


1G.94 

20. 16 

13.150 

1  .',7 

H.  92 

10.  GS 

1G.44 

5. 20 


Spec ijic  gravity. — Average  specific  gravity,  .454;  air,  1.000;  highest, 
.530 ;  lowest,  .418. 

On  twenty-eigbt  occasions  during  the  past  year  the  ga«  supplied  by 
the  Georgetown  CJas  Light  Company  wa.s  of  less  illuminating  power 
than  si.xteen  candles,  a.s  follows : 

July  12 rK4o 

July  13 - 1:^.75 

July  22 13.86 

(September  27 l.'>.  9H 

October  1 15.73 

Octobers - 15.  (W 

October  6 15.14 

November  1 15. 13 

November  11 15.82 

November  14 , 15.23 

November  15 15.03 

December  5 1.5.  01 

December  7 15.5.5 

December  M 15.76 

Deceml)t!r'J 15.91 

December  31 15.  :ft> 

February  8 14.:t7 

February  23 15.  IH 

March  4 1 15.  IH 

April  7 14.77 

April  12 14.;iO 

May  24 15.  7.'< 

J  nne  6 15.  '.M> 

Juno  7 1.').  (Kl 

Juno  9 15.  (».; 

June  19 H.91 

June  22 15.1'! 

June  2;} 15.90 


798  REPORT   OF   THE    SECRETARY    OF   THE    INTERIOR. 

Ou  twelve  occasions  the  gas  supplied  by  this  company  contained  an 
excess  of  ammonia  over  the  5  grains  allowed  in  each  100  cubic  feet. 

Grains. 

July  11 6.20 

Jnlyl'i 6.20 

July  i:? '. 8.92 

July  14 8.92 

July  15 7.85 

JulV  16 7.85 

July  18 5.32 

July  19 o 5.32 

August  12 , 5.84 

August  13 8.84 

August.  15 - 5.35 

August  16 - 5.35 

ESrSPECTION  OF  METERS. 

One  thousand  four  hundred  and  twenty  meters  were  inspected  and 
proved  by  this  office  during  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 1882.  With 
the  exception  of  two  meters  inspected  and  proved  for  the  Alexandria 
Gas  Light  Company,  the  above  number  were  inspected  and  proved  for 
the  Washington  and  Georgetown  Gas  Light  Companies  and  for  con- 
sumers of  gas. 

The  results  of  inspection  were  as  follows:  33  registered  fast  against 
the  consumers,  average  error  3.56  per  cent. ;  117  registered  slow  against 
the  companies,  average  error  7.21  per  cent. ;  1,210  registered  within  the 
limits  allowed  by  law,  namely,  2  per  cent,  either  way,  and  were  sealed 
and  returned  to  the  companies  for  service;  51  did  not  register  the  gas 
flowing  through  them,  and  one  was  locked  so  no  inspection  could  be 
made. 

Two  hundred  and  twenty  of  the  above-mentioned  meters  were  in- 
spected and  proved  on  complaint  j  55  were  complained  of  by  consumers 
of  gas;  17  registered  fast,  average  error  4.16  per  cent.;  13  registered 
slow,  average  error  3.96  per  cent. ;  25  registered  within  the  limits  al- 
lowed by  law;  165  were  complained  of  by  the  gas  companies;  3  regis- 
tered fast,  average  error  4.28  per  cent.;  91  registered  slow,  average 
error  10.86  per  cent. ;  19  registered  within  the  limits  allowed  bylaw; 
51  did  not  register,  and  1  was  locked. 

I  respectfully  recommend  that  the  act  of  Congress  regulating  gas- 
works, approved  June  23, 1874,  be  modified  so  as  to  require,  when  for 
any  purpose  whatever  the  heads  of  meters  that  have  been  inspected,' 
proved,  and  sealed  are  removed  by  the  gas  companies,  meters  of  this 
description  should  be  classed  as  repaired  meters,  and  brought  to  this 
office  for  reinspection  before  again  being  placed  in  service. 

The  seal  of  the  inspector  is  the  evidence  that  the  meter  has  been 
properly  tested  and  proven  as  required  by  law. 

To  admit  the  right  of  the  comj)anies  to  remove  the  head  of  a  sealed 
meter  and  rectify  whatever  is  wrong,  and  return  meter  to  ser\'ice  with- 
out reinspection  and  sealing,  would  be  to  render  the  law  practically 
inoperative,  by  making  uncertain,  if  not  impossible,  the  protection  se- 
cured through  inspection  and  sealing  by  the  office  created  for  that  pur- 
pose. 

S.  CALVERT  FORD, 
Insjyector  of  Gas  and  Meters. 


REPORT 

OF   THE 

POSTMASTEE-GENEEAL. 


Post-Office  Department, 

Washingt07i,  D.  C,  November  18,  1882. 
Sir  :  T  hare  the  honor  to  submit  herewith  a  report  of  the  operations 
of  this  department  for  the  fiscal  year  which  ended  ou  the  3Uth  of  June, 

1882 : 

FINANCIAL  STATE3IENT. 

The  total  disbursements  for  postal  service  durmg  the  year  were 140,482,021  23 

The  ordinary  receipts  were 41,  515,  ft42  80 

The  receipts  from  money  orders  were 360, 767  35 

Total 41,876,410  15 

Excess  of  receipts  over  expenditures  was 1, 3M,  388  92 

For  the  first  time  in  thirty-one  years  the  postal  service  is  not  a  burden 
upon  the  Treasury. 

In  order  to  determine  the  real  cost  of  the  postal  service  for  the  past 
year,  three  important  modifications  of  the  foregoing  figures  should  be 
made: 

First.  There  should  be  deducted  from  the  total  disbursements  the 
sum  of  $142,380.48 ;  which,  though  paid  out  during  the  last  year,  was 
for  service  rendered  during  previous  years,  and  was  an  outstanding 
liability  on  the  30th  of  June,  1881. 

Second.  There  should  be  ad<led  tlie  sum  of  $328,550.40,  estimated  to 
be  due  for  service  rendered  during  the  last  year,  and  which  was  an  out- 
standing liability  ou  the  30th  of  June  last. 

Third.  Tlioie  sliould  iilso  be  added  tlie  sum  of  $1,178,174,0.5,  earned 
by  certain  railway  companies  for  transportation  of  the  mails  between 
the  Missouri  Kiver  and  the  Pacific.  The  earnings  of  those  companies 
are  not  ])aid  by  the  Post-Oftice  Department;  but,  pursuant  to  the  act; 
of  March  3,  1870,  are  passed  to  the  credit  of  the  several  companies 
upon  the  books  of  the  Treasury,  and,  therefore,  have  not  been  hereto- 
fore computed  with  the  annual  statement  of  disbursements.  The  ac- 
count thus  stated  shows  an  excess  of  earnings  of  but  $.330,050.80. 

During  the  fiscal  year  whiih  eiuled  June  30,  1881,  the  expenditures 
for  flie  postal  service  were  $39,251,730.40.  The  total  revenues  were 
$36,785,397.97.  The  deficiency  was  $2,400,338.49.  In  1800  the  defi- 
ciency was  more  than  $10,000,000. 

799 


800  REPOltT   OF   THE    POSTMABTER-GENERAL. 

Some  part  of  this  great  improvement  is  due  to  the  wonderful  growth 
and  prosperity  of  the  country ;  but  a  larger  part  is  due  to  the  improved 
methods  in  the  administration  of  the  service. 

During  the  fiscal  year  which  ended  June  30,  1877,  the  revenues  were 
$27,531,585.26.    The  expenditures  were  $33,486,322.44. 

The  following  table  shows  how  steadily  the  revenues  have  increased 
year  by  year  since  that  time : 

1877  the  postal  revenues  were 127,031,585  26 

1878  the  postal  revenues  were 29,277,516  95 

1879  the  postal  revenues  wore 30,041,982  80 

1880  the  postal  revenues  were 33,315,479  34 

1881  the  postal  revenues  wore 30,785,397  97 

1882  the  postal  revenues  were , 41,876,410  15 

Happily  the  expenditures  have  not  kept  pace  with  these  earnings.  It 
would  seem  to  be  quite  as  easy  to  expend  $1.20  now  to  earn  $1  as  it  wa« 
in  1877.  In  one  respect  it  would  seem  more  natural  to  do  so.  The  rev- 
enues are  gathered  from  a  broader  field  now  than  they  were  in  1877. 
The  new  territory  is  the  most  barren,  and  yields  the  most  meager  re- 
turns. 

The  heaviest  item  of  expenditure  is  for  the  transportation  of  mails  on 
railways.  The  next  heaviest  is  that  for  the  pay  of  postmasters.  These 
two  items  do,  and  under  existing  laws  must,  swell  with  the  volume  of 
business,  since  the  rate  of  compensation  is  proportioned  to  the  amount 
of  business  done. 

The  expenditure  next  in  rank  is  that  for  what  is  known  as 

STAR  SERVICE. 

That  includes  all  mail  transportation  not  on  railways  nor  on  steam- 
boats. The  amount  and  cost  of  that  service  is  left  amost  wholly  to  the 
arbitrary  control  of  the  department. 

The  following  table  exhibits  in  parallel  columns  the  number  of  miles 
of  such  transportation  furnished  annually,  and  the  cost  for  each  year 
since  1876: 


Year. 


Annual 
niiles     of 
transpor- 
tation. 


Cost. 


1877 
1878 
1879 
1880 
1881 
1882 


57,  956, 303 
61, 435,  682 
691248,  339 
76,  070,  9S*5 
79,  557,  296 
76,  924,  867 


$5,  663, 970 

5.  714,  943 

6.  401,  83U 

7.  321. 499 
6, 957, 355 
5,  553,  849 


The  estimates  for  1884  promise  financial  results  still  more  flattering 
than  those  realized  during  the  last  fiscal  year.  Those  estimates  are  as 
follows : 

ESTBIATES  FOR   1884. 

Ordinary  revenues $50,233,927  78 

From  money  orders  (net  revenue) 436,  528  49 

Total  estimated  revenue 50,670,450  27 

Total  expenditures  estimated 40,  741,  111  25 

£8tiinat«d  excess  of  revenue 3,929,345  02 


REPORT    OF    THE    POSTMASTER-GENTilRAL.  801 

111  the  appendix  to  this  report,  ou  pages  7-16,  will  be  found  the  esti- 
mates submitted  by  the  First  Assistant  Postmaster-General  of  the 
ajjpropriations  requiied  for  the  use  of  liis  oflice  for  the  next  fiscal  year, 
together  witli  his  explanation  of  the  same. 

The  estimate  for  the 

co>rPE^-SATIO^•  of  post^iasters 

is  largely  in.  excess  of  the  sum  appropriated  or  asked  for  the  same  pur- 
pose during  the  current  year.  The  reason  assigned  ft)r  that  is  that  the 
sum  approi)riated  for  the  current  year  is  wholly  inadetpiatc.  That  is 
obvious.  The  sum  was  not  equal  to  the  compensation  of  postmasters 
for  %]^e  past  year.  Of  course  it  is  yet  more  unequal  to  the  i>ay  of  the 
postmasters  for  the  current  year,  and  still  more  inadfMiuato  to  their  pay 
for  the  next  year. 

Another  reason  quite  as  cogent  maybe  stated:  Whatever  maybe 
the  sum  put  iu.to  the  annual  appropriation  bills  for  the  pay  of  i)0straa6t- 
ers,  the  fact  remains  that  under  existing  laws  that  exjxMiditiU'o  is  not 
restricted  by  such  bills.  The  pay  of  postmasters  is  limited,  not  by  ap- 
propriiation  bills,  but  by  fixed  statutes;  and  to  the  extent  of  their  legal 
compensation,  the  gross  revenues  of  the  postal  service  are  not  only  ap- 
propriated but  hypothecated  to  their  payment. 

Appropriations  are  necessary  to  get  money  out  of  the  Treasury,  but 
the  salaries  of  postmasters  never  get  into  the  Treasury.  Postmasters 
collect  the  postal  revenues,  and  they  are  authorize*!  by  law  to  deduct 
from  the  moneys  in  their  hands  their  legal  compensation.  They  account 
to  the  Treasury  for  the  excess  only.  If  not  a  dollar  is  a  impropriated  in 
the  annual  bill,  postmasters  will  receive  their  salaries  all  the  same. 

It  seems  hardly  iiracticable,  therefore,  to  effect  much  in  the  int-erest 
of  economy  by  appropriating  88,000,000  to  pay  postmasters,  while  we 
place  $10,000,000  in  their  hands  out  of  which  they  may  help  themselves 
to  the  full  extent  of  their  legal  dues. 

From  the  report  of  the  First  xVssistant  Postmaster-General  the  fol- 
lowing statistics  are  gleaned,  which  aiford  a  partial  view  of  the  work 
performed  under  the  direction  of  that  otlicer: 

POST-OFFICES  ESTABLISHED  AND  POSTMASTERS  APPOINTED. 

Number  of  post-otliccacstablishoJ  during  tho  year .^,  ICfi 

Number  diHCuutiuued 1,447 

Increase 1.71'J 

Number  in  opfnitiou  Juno  30,  liSl , 44,  .'.I'J 

Nuinbfrin  np<:-ratii)D  June  30.  18?3 40,  -jai 

Nmnber  tilled  under  appointniont  bytho  rrosidont 1,  B.'il 

Number  filled  under  appointment  bj-  tho  Pof<tnuinter  General 44,  'X) 

Appointments  were  made  during  the  year — 

Ou  resignationH  and  commiHsiona  expired 7,  346 

On  lemovnls l,02t 

On  e.linnjjes  of  mimes  and  Kite.'* ;H0 

On  dcaflio  of  po.stnia.<*terH ?; 4«H 

On  establishment  of  new  post-offlce."* 3.  ICO 

Total  appointment* 12.  34.1 

Number  of  caaos  acted  upon  during  tho  year  woa It,  ^40 

51  Ab 


802  REPORT    OF   THE    POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 

EMPLGYJ^S  IN  THE  POSTAL  SERVICE. 

The  following  table  shows  the  number  of  employes  in  the  Post-Office 
Department;  also  the  number  of  postmasters,  contractors,  clerks  in  post- 
offices,  railway  post-office  clerks,  route-agents,  and  other  officers  in  the 
service  June  30,  1881,  and  June  30, 1882 : 


Pfflcers  and  employes. 


June  30,  I  Juue  30, 
1881.      !      1882 


DEPAETMENTAL  OFFICERS  AND  EMPLOYES. 


Postmaster-General •— 

Assistant  Postmasters-General 

Superintendent  of  money-order  system 

Superintendent  of  foreign  mails 

Superintendent  of  railway  adjustment 

Chief  clerk  of  the  Postmaster-General 

Chiefs  of  divisions 

Toposixapher  for  PostOflBce  Department 

Disbursing  officer  and  superintendent  of  building 

Law  clerk 

Stenographer 

Appointment  clerk 

Superintendent  of  blank  agency 

Chief  clerks  of  bureaus 

Clerks,  messengers,  ■watchmen,  &c 


t 

3 
1 
1 
1 
1 
5 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
5 
472 


1 

3 
1 
1 
1 
1 
4 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
5 
498 


P0B1MASTEES  AND  OTHER  OFFICERS  AND  AGENTS. 


Postmasters....  ~.^ — »»-. 

Contractors 

Clerks  in  post-offices.. 

Letter-carriers 

Kailway  post-office  clerks 

Houte-agentB 

Mail-route  messengers 

Local  agents 

Post-office  inspectors  and  railway-mail-service  superintendents. 


496 

521 

44,  512 

46,  201 

5,156 

5, 1.^)6 

5,200 

7,100 

2,  861 

3,115 

1,293 

1,517 

1,386 

1,  .557 

322 

3:!4 

176 

162 

77 

84 

61, 479 


65,777 


THE  FREE-DELIVERY  SYSTEM. 

This  system  was  in  operation  during  the  year  in  112  of  the  principal 
cities  of  the  country,  and  employed  3,115  carriers.  The  regular  appro- 
X)riation  for  this  service  was  $2,600,000 ;  to  which  was  added,  by  special 
appropriation,  $25,000  to  meet  an  anticipated  deficiencj";  making  a  total 
appropriation  of  $2,625,000,  an  increase  of  $125,000  over  that  of  the 
previous  year.  The  total  cost  of  the  service  was  $2,623,262.71,  leaving 
an  unexpended  balance  of  $1,737.26.  The  increase  of  the  cost  of  the 
service  over  that  of  the  preceding  year  was  $123,351.20.  This  was 
owing  principally  to  the  appointment  of  additional  carriers  in  cities 
where  the  service  was  already  in  operation,  only  three  new  cities  having 
been  added  to  the  list  during  the  year,  viz,  Augusta,  Me.;  Burlington, 
Yt.,  and  Concord,  N.  H. 

POSTAGE  ON  LOCAL  MATTER. 

The  i^ostage  on  local  matter  at  the  several  free-delivery  offices 
amounted  to  $3,816,576.09 ;  an  increase  over  that  of  the  preceding  year 
of  $512,945.70;  and  also  over  the  total  cost  of  the  service  of  $1,193,316.15. 
This  increase  in  postage  on  local  matter  was  16.50  per  cent.,  while  the 
increase  in  the  cost  of  service  was  4.93  per  cent 


REPORT   OF   THE   POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 


803 


The  average  cost  per  piece  for  handling  matter  wa«  2.3  mills,  a  de- 
crease  of  0,1  mill  as  compared  with  last  year.  The  average  cost  per 
carrier  was  $835.75,  a  decrease  of  $37.79. 

This  decrease  was  owing  to  the  appointment  of  additional  carriers 
(auxiliaries)  at  $400  i)er  annum,  the  approi)nation  being  insuflicieut  to 
employ  carriers  at  a  higher  salary. 

•^!7f7''^?a'c  result  of  free-delivery  aervic*  for  ihejitcal  year  ended  June  30,  18W2. 


Statistics  of  free  delivery. 


Number  of  olfices ...«. 

Niinilter  of  oMrriers 

Mail  letters  tlelivered 

Mail  postal-caids  delivered 

Local  lettei'H  di'livcied 

Local  poMtal-caid.s  di/Hvered 

Kegisleri'd  letters  delivered 

Newspapers,  A: c. ,  delivered 

Letters  collected 

Postal-cards  collected 

Ne wsjiapers  collected 

"Whole  number  of  pieces  handled 

Pieces  bandied  per  caiTier 

Total  cost  of  service,  including  pay  of  post-office  inspectors. . 

Average  cost  per  piece  in  mills 

Average  cost  per  carrier' 

Amount  of  postage  on  local  matter 

Excess  of  postageou  local  matter  over  the  total  cost  of  service. 


lotal. 


112 

3,115 

20g,  260,  730 

71,481,742 

00,002,317 

50,92:{,72i 

2,  552.  894 

160,  7'M,  700 

;fOt<,  352,  819 

99,421,132 

61,  722,  814 

1,143,  51  >!,  887 

387,  4.55 

|2,  623, 202.  74 

2.3 

$835.  75 

$3,  816,  570. 09 

$1, 193,  313.  35 


Increase 

over 
last  year. 


3 

254 

35, 841. 071 

11,. 513. 183 

13,  269,  109 

7,  025,  506 

420,  585 

14,377,5'.t2 

23,  592,  874 

13,  628. 007 

7, 047.  338 

127,321.325 

11.519 

$123,351.20 

10.  I 

f$37.79 

:$542. 945. 70 

$419,594.50 


P«re«at. 

of 
increase. 


2.79 

8.83 

13.60 

19.  20 

17.28 

16.04 

20.06 

9.82 

8.28 

15.88 

14.14 

1-2.53 

3.33 

4.93 

to.  4 

f4.  3-J 

{16.58 

54.  23 


*  Based  on  the  aggregate  ($2, 617, 574.. 56)  paid  carriers,  includinj;  incidental  expenses  at  the  several 
offices,  less  $5,688.18  paid  post-ottice  inspectors, 
t  Decrease. 
;  Increase. 

[For  detailed  statement  of  the  operations  of  the  service  during  the 
year,  see  table  C,  page  42.] 

BIENNIAX  ADJUSTMENT   OF  SALARIES  OF  P0ST31ASTERS. 

During  this  year  the  regular  biennial  adjustment  of  2,012  presidential 
postinaster.s'  salaries  was  made;  an  increase  cfH  218,  or  It  per  cent.,  aa 
couipared  with  the  previous  adjustment. 

The  returns,  coming  from  all  parts  of  the  Uuii)n,  show  a  very  gratify- 
ing and  grneral  increase  of  business;  and  the  sum  necessary  to  pay  the 
increased  .salaries  of  postmasters,  including  335  special  adjustments, 
amounts  to  $503,400,  or  18.14  per  cent,  more  than  last  year. 

BOX  RENTS. 

A  system  of  recording  the  number  of  boxes  rented  at  the  first  and 
second  class  offices  has  been  inaugurated  since  the  beginning  of  the 
present  fiscal  year.  Heretofore  the  matter  of  renting  boxes  has  been 
treated  by  postmasters  with  less  importance  than  in  my  judgment  it  de- 
serves. Under  the  present  system,  furnishing  a  receipt  to  each  person 
who  rents  a  box,  a  duplicate  of  which  is  kept  by  the  postmaster  as  a 
stub  in  the  book  supplied  for  that  purjiose,  a  better  service  has  been 
secured  in  this  branch  of  the  postal  business. 


804         REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 

LEASES. 

Special  attention  of  late  having  been  given  to  securing  suitable  ac- 
commodations for  the  post-offices  whose  class  entitles  them  to  proper 
consideration,  it  is  gratifying  to  state  that,  at  many  offices  where  the 
business  has  heretofore  been  conducted  in  buildings  unsuitable,  by  rea- 
son of  defective  facilities,  improper  location,  &c.,  suitiablo  premises  now 
have  been  sCcured,  under  leases,  including  in  many  instances  complete 
outfits  of  boxes,  furniture,  fixtures,  &c.,  at  what  are  regarded  as  reason- 
able rentals. 

ADDITIONAL  FACILITIES  FOR  FOURTH-CLASS  POST-OFFICES. 

Provision  having  been  made  by  Congress  for  supplying  all  post- 
offices,  the  gross  receipts  of  which  are  less  than  fifty  dollars  per  annum, 
with  letter-balances,  marking-stamps,  ink,  and  pads,  it  is  expected  that 
more  than  7,000  offices  will  be  thus  supplied  during  the  presect  fiscal 
year ;  thereby  enabling  the  postmasters  at  these  offices  to  make  up  and 
dispatch  mails  with  more  accuracy  and  a  gTeater  saving  to  the  gov- 
ernment  in  the  matter  of  cancellation  of  stamps. 

I  quite  concur  in  the  recommendation  of  the  First  Assistant  Post- 
master-General for  the  reformation  and  augmentation  of  that  division 
of  the  service  known  as  the  Blank  Agency. 

REORGANIZATION    OF    THE  BUREAU  OF    THE  FIRST  ASSISTANT  POST 

MASTER- GENERAL. 

Still  more  cordially  do  I  recommend  the  suggestions  of  that  officer 
as  to  the  general  reorganization  of  his  office.  Briefly  stated,  his  argu- 
ment is,  that  whenever  a  given  amount  of  work  is  to  be  done  it  is  wiser 
to  employ  the  requisite  force,  place  it  under  the  control  of  one  man, 
and  hold  him  singly  responsible  for  doing  the  work,  than  to  divide  the 
responsibility  equally  among  the  individual  members  of  the  corps. 

The  soundness  of  that  argument  is  approved  by  reason ;  it  is  at- 
tested by  the  general  practice  of  the  government,  and  by  the  uniform 
observance  of  all  great  private  enterprises. 

PURCHASE  OF  STATIONERY. 

I  do  not  doubt  that  a  substantial  saving  of  expenditure  would  follow 
the  adoption  of  the  First  Assistant  Postmaster-General's  suggestion, 
that  all  stationery  to  be  used  in  first  and  second  class  offices  should  be 
j)urchased  by  his  office  and  issued  upon  requisition,  instead  of  being 
purchased  as  now  by  the  several  postmasters,  and  having  their  pur- 
chases audited  in  his  office.  Stationery  required  for  the  money-order 
business  is  now,  in  fact,  purchased  by  the  superintendent  of  that  serv- 
ice, and  issued  to  the  several  postmasters.  It  does  not  seem  quite  logi- 
cal to  employ  two  different  methods  for  supi^lying  the  same  office  with 
a  single  article. 


REPORT    OP   THE   POSTMASTER-GENERAL.  805 

SALARIES  OF  AIO)  ALLOWANCES  TO  POSTilASTEES. 

The  very  able  report  of  the  First  Assistant  Postmaster-Geuera4  calls 
attention  to  the  great  difficulty  experienced  in  adjusting  salaries  to 
postmasters  of  the  first  three  classes,  and  in  making  allowances  for 
ofiBce  expenses  to  those  of  the  first  two  classes. 

He  does  not  exaggerate  those  ditiiculties.  It  may  well  be  doubted  if 
he  could  exaggerate  them.  It  would  be  easy  to  frame  a  law  more  un- 
just than  that  under  which  the  salaries  of  postmasters  are  now  settled, 
but  it  is  quite  unnecessary  to  do  so — the  existing  law  is  sufficiently 
unjust..  But  necessity  herself,  though  admitted  to  be  the  mother  of 
invention,  could  not  invent  a  more  cumbrous  or  complex  method  of 
adjusting  salaries.  Postniasfiers  at  the  smallest  offices  are  paid  alike. 
Their  pay  is  apportioned  in  part  upon  the  revenues  of  their  offices,  and 
in  part  according  to  the  labor  performed  in  them.  So  far  as  revenue  is 
derived  from  the  rent  of  boxes,  postmasters  take  the  whole.  So  far  as 
it  is  derived  from  the  sale  of  "waste  paper,  dead  newspapers,  printed 
matter,  and  twine,"  they  receive  GO  per  cent.  So  far  as  it  is  derived 
from  the  sale  of  money  orders,  they  receive  one-third.  So  far  as  it  is 
derived  from  the  sale  of  stamps,  envelopes,  and  postal  cards,  they  re- 
ceive nothing.  They  may  sell  tliousands  in  value,  but  they  get  no 
share  of  the  proceeds.  If,  however,  they  cancel  a  stamp  on  matter 
mailed  at  their  offices,  no  matter  where  the  stamp  is  sold,  they  get  CO 
per  cent,  of  its  value.  If  they  pay  a  money  order  they  receive  a  quarter 
of  one  per  cent,  of  its  amount. 

This  rule  is  sufficiently  cumbrous,  but  sufficiently  equal.  Postmas- 
ters continue  to  be  so  paid  until  their  sales  aud  cancellations,  exclusive  of 
money  orders,  reach  $400  per  year.  At  that  point  a  new  rule  is  intro- 
duced. They  still  get  the  whole  of  the  box  rents,  they  still  get  the 
same  commission  on  the  sale  and  payment  of  money  orders;  but,  upon 
the  proceeds  from  the  sale  of  waste  paper,  dead  newsi)apers,  printed 
matter,  and"  twine,  and  upon  the  cancell.ationof  stamps,  they  get  50  per 
cent,  instead  of  00,  on  the  excess  over  8  iOO. 

This  new  rule  controls  until  such  sales  and  cancellations,  exclusive  of 
money  orders,  reach  $l,liOO  a  year.  Then  a  new  rule  obtains.  It  is 
difficult  to  see  why,  but  thereafter,  on  the  surplus  received  from  the 
sales  of  waste  i)ai)cr,  dead  newspapers,  i)rintcd  matter,  and  twine,  the 
postmaster  receives  not  GO  i)er  cent.,  nor  50  per  cent.,  but  40  per  cent., 
and  the  same  percentage  on  the  value  of  stamps  canceled. 

When,  however,  the  box  rents  and  these  various  commissions,  ex- 
clusive of  the  money-order  business,  shall  aggregate  81,000,  the  office  is 
advanced  from  the  fourth  to  the  third  class.  Then  there  is  a  new  and 
most  curious  rule  for  compensation.  Then  the  jjostmaster  receives  a 
salary  in  lieu  of  the  box  rents  and  commissions  before  assigned  to  him. 

To  determine  the  amount  of  the  salary  in  a  given  case,  a  fund  is  set 
apart.  That  fund  is  composed  of  all  the  box  rents,  if  the  postmaster 
owns  the  boxes  aud  the  rents  do  not  exceed  $1,350  per  annum. ^   It  is 


806  REPORT   OP   THE    POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 

com  loosed  of  two-thirds  of  the  box  rents,  if  the  government  owns  tlie 
boxe^  and  the  rents  do  not  exceed  $1,000.  To  tliose  sums,  respectively, 
is  added  conunissious  on  all  other  postal  revenues  of  the  oflice  in  <lif- 
ferent  proportions,  to  wit,  GO  per  cent,  on  the  first  $400,  50  per  cent,  on 
the  next  $800,  40  per  cent,  on  the  next  $1,600,  and  30  per  cent,  on  the 
excess  until  the  commissions  amount  to  $1,350. 

That  sum,  so  curiously  comi^ounded,  docs  not  constitute  the  salary  of 
the  postmaster,  but  out  of  it  is  dipped,  so  to  speak,  as  many  even 
hundreds  of  dollars  as  can  be  found.  That  is  the  salary  for  all  post- 
masters, unless  the  gross  revenues  exceed  $4,000  per  annum.  When  the 
revenues  exceed  $4,000,  the  postmaster  receives  a  percentage  on  the  ex- 
cess. That  percentage  constantly  varies.  It  is  one  per  cent,  on  all 
sums  between  $4,000  and  $10,000.  So  often  as  the  revenues  double, 
the  percentage  is  reduced  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent,  until  the  revenues 
reach  the  aggregate  of  $1,200,000.  On  all  revenues  above  that  maxi- 
mum the  postmaster  receives  one-tenth  of  1  per  cent. ;  and  still,  when 
a  salary  reaches  $4,000,  all  these  streams  are  turned  off,  except  in  the 
single  case  of  the  office  at  New  York.  There  they  continue  to  flow  until 
the  salary  is  swollen  to  $8,000. 

But  these  minute  differences  in  the  rate  of  compensation,  which  per- 
vade all  classes  and  distinguish  one  office  from  another  in  each  class, 
are  all  dwarfed  by  that  broad  and  fundamental  difference  which  dis- 
tinguishes the  two  highest  from  the  two  lowest  classes. 

The  comi)ensation  of  a  postmaster  in  the  third  and  fourth  class  is  the 
equivalent  allowed  by  law  for  administering  his  office.  Every  post- 
master receiving  less  than  $2,000  per  annum  finds  his  own  office,  fur- 
nishes, warms,  and  lights  it,  does  his  own  work,  and  buys  his  own 
stationery.  But  the  moment  his  salary  reaches  $2,000  the  whole  con- 
dition is  changed.  Then  the  office  may  be  and  usually  is  provided  by  the 
government;  is  furnished,  warmed,  and  lighted  by  the  government.  His 
stationery  and  his  clerks  are  paid  for  by  the  government.,  Ii^  possible,  if 
not  in  actual  cases,  the  salary  is  a  mere  sinecure,  for  which  no  service  is 
rendered  beyond  signing  official  papers.  Provision  for  these  expenses, 
as  is  well  known,  is  made  by  annual  appropriations.  The  sums  appro- 
priated to  these  uses  for  the  current  year  are  as  follows : 

Clerks  in  po8t-ofl5c6s ^.. .^.. $4,385,000 

Kent,  fael,  and  light 450, 000 

Office  fumlture „ .„, 20,000 

Stationery 55,000 

These  large  sums  are  distributed  among  the  different  post-office§  en- 
titled thereto,  by  a  series  of  orders,  allotting  so  much  to  one  and  so 
much  to  another.  In  theory  these  orders  are  made  by  the  First  Assist- 
ant Postmaster  General;  in  practice  they  are  made  by  a  fourth-class 
clerk  in  the  office  of  the  First  Assistant.  No  matter  by  whom  made, 
this  distribution  will  not  be  well  made.  Finite  intelligence  could  not 
make  a  wise  and  just  allotment  of  such  a  fund;  infinite  intelligence 
cannot  be  obtained  for  fourth-class  clerks. 


REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 


807 


Postmasters  are  eager  for  large  allowances.  The  most  importunate 
are  apt  to  be  best  served.  They  ask  earliest  and  ofteiiest.  They  em- 
ploy every  kind  of  entreaty,  and  oft'er  every  sort  of  iutlueuce,  personal 
and  political.  The  clerk  must  act  upon  such  a  case  as  the  postmaster 
presents.  He  has  no  means  of  rebutting  it.  It  is  not  surprising, 
therefore,  thay-herecentinvestigation  by  the  First  Assistant  Postmaster- 
General  resulted  in  a  reduction  at  eight  otiices,  amounting  in  the  aggre- 
gate to  $54,530.  It  is  not  to  be  doubted  that  a  broader  inquiry  would 
result  in  still  larger  reductions. 

The  following  table  will  servo  to  illustrate  some  of  the  inequalities 
in  suck  allowances : 

List  ofeighfeen  of  the  principal  poiit-ofjlces,  showitifj  the  revenue,  salary,  and  allowances,  and 
the  relative  cost  of  the  postal  service  thereat. 


omce. 


Denver,  Colo ,... 

Leailville,  Colo 

Grtlveston,  Tex 

I£nuston,  Tex 

Saint  Louie,  Mo 

Eansn.s  City,  Mo 

Minneapolis.  Minn  ..... 

Saint  Paul,  Minn 

I'eori.i,  111 

Quinry,  lU 

>'all  Kiver,  Masa 

Lowell,  Mass 

Broolilyn.  N.  T 

Buffalo.  N.Y 

AtlanUt,  Ga 

Savannah,  Ga 

Boston,  Alass ,.,. 

Pbiladelpbia,  Pa 


Average  per  cent. 


$3,200 

2,  700 
3,000 
3,000 
4,000 
3,300 
3.100 
3,200 
3,000 
3,000 
3,000 
3,000 
4,000 
3,700 

3,  000 
3,000 
4,000 
4,000 


Allowances. 


$2,500 
2,000 
(*) 
900 
768 
3,000 
3  600 
(*) 

1,500 
1,800 
(•) 

2.000 
7.300 


2,000 


(H 


$270 

500 

(*) 

75 

90 

425 

C) 

(') 

270 

113 

(*) 

72 

270 


(*) 


$315 
500 
(*) 
400 
157 
148 
C) 
(*) 
300 
200 
(*) 
198 
1,103 


(*) 
392 
C'j8  12,016 
229       436 


$21, 124 

17.  700 

11,500 

9,100 

144.200 

21. 400 

18. 244 

20, 000 

0.500 

5,500 

4,000 

5.700 

50.  9C4 

30.  500 

12,  300 

9,600 

258,  .V>0 

241, 735 


$237  10 

122  30 

IK  55 

79  80 

2,  001  60 

312  06 

354  95 

168  47 

219  65 

63  65 

48  00 


724  93 
298  21 
3.'3  15 
203  33 
5, 109  39 
3.549  90 


$708  65 

130  25 

lf(7  40 

la'.  01 

1,510  70 

746  39 

CS4  47 

89  17 

92  30 

124  60 

50  25 


1,336  69 

2.V)  96 

(i9  28 

274  00 

7,  4aO  19 

5,  909  37 


So   . 
Ceo 


o 


$137, 4<<9 

4".,  USA 

T.'..  092 

41.G(H 

7.'^.  013 

162,  503 

11}<,728 

1S9, 120 

05,937 

40,  491 

29,440 

&(,045 

279, 489 

260,  898 

92.  024 

63,905 

1,371,419 

1, 450, 145 


-«i: 


el's 

g  h  U 


],';.4— 

26.2— 
1"..3— 
2L7— 
19.  2— 
13.2— 
1.1. 4— 
14.4— 

lo.o- 

13.6— 
13.  C— 
9.0— 
18  2— 
11.6— 
13.3— 
l.S.O— 
19.9— 
16.0— 


15.59 


'Govemuiunt  building.        |IIeating  included. 

In  that  list  of  eiglitccu  offices  the  expenditure  for  clerk  hire  varie.'^ 
from  9  to  2G.2  per  cent,  of  the  gross  revenues.  There  is  a  dillerence  of 
3.0  per  cent,  between  two  offices  in  Illinois,  of  4.0  per  cent,  between 
two  in  iMassachusetts,  of  G  percent,  between  two  in  Missouri,  of  (5.4  ]wv 
cent,  between  two  in  Texas,  of  G.G  per  cent,  between  two  in  Xt-w  York, 
and  of  10.8  per  cent,  between  two  offices  in  Colorado. 

If  the  office  at  Bo.ston  could  be  administered  by  the  expenditure  ot" 
the  same  i)ercentage  of  gross  revenues  for  clerk  hire  which  is  sjjent  at 
Philadelphia,  it  would  effect  a  saving  of  $45,250.82  at  that  office.  If  both 
offices  could  be  administered  for  the  average  expenditure  made  .it  the 
whole  eighteen,  the  saving  wouhl  l)o  nearly  $7.'J,50(),  Jf  the  whole 
eighteen  offices  coulil  be  ailministered  by  the  expenditure  of  1)  per  cent, 
of  the  gross  revenue  for  clerks,  which  is  the  cost  at  Lowell,  the  saving 
■would  be  very  great. 


808        RErORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 

t cannot  lielp  thinking  it  wholly  practicable  greatly  to  simplify  and 
equalize  these  disbursements.  In  the  first  place,  I  do  not  think  an 
allowance  for  office  rent  should  be  made  ta*the  postmaster  in  any  case. 
Such  an  allowance  holds  out  a  double  temptation  to  tlie  postmaster : 
He  is  tempted  to  get  large  allowances  from  the  department,  and  to 
supply  cheap  accommodations  to  the  i)ublic. 

It  will  be  my  purpose  to  rent,  as  early  as  practicable,  every  building 
required  for  first  and  second  class  offices  which  the  government  does 
not  own.  There  are  now  587  offices  belonging  to  those  two  classes. 
Eighty-eight  belong  to  the  government;  269  are  leased  to  the  gov- 
ernment ;  and  230  are  supplied  by  postmasters,  who  are  in  turn  com- 
pensated by  allowances. 

"Wherever  the  department  rents  an  office,  it  will  be  its  fault  if  a  suit- 
able one  is  not  provided,  and  its  fault  also  if  the  terms  are  not  as  favor- 
able as  the  place  will  afford. 

Secondly,  I  think  every  post-office  that  is  rented  by  the  department 
should  have  a  suitable  equipment  of  boxes  and  drawers  supplied,  not 
by  the  postmaster,  but  by  the  department  or  the  lessor  of  the  building. 

Of  499  buildings  now  rented,  only  149  are  equipped  with  boxes  by 
the  department.  The  charge  to  patrons  for  the  use  of  boxes  should  be 
reasonable,  and  should  be  uniform.  At  present  they  are  neither.  These 
reforms  can  be  effected  without  the  aid  of  further  legislation.  I  venture 
to  suggest,  however,  some  reforms  much  needed,  and  which,  if  approved^ 
will  require  ah  amendment  of  existing  laws. 

The  partnershii)  now  existing  between  the  government  and  the  post- 
master in  the  use  of  letter-boxes  should  be  dissolved.  Whenever  the 
government  owns  the  boxes,  or  hires  them  with  the  building,  the  whole 
of  the  rental  paid  by  patrons,  and  not  two-thirds  of  it,  belongs  to  the 
revenues  of  the  department  as  much  as  the  postage  does.  Where,  on 
the  contrary,  the  postmaster  supplies  the  boxes  and  the  government 
does  not,  the  latter  should  no  more  share  in  the  proceeds  from  their  rent 
than  in  the  rent  of  any  other  property  belonging  to  the  officer.  In  all 
cases,  therefore,  in  adjusting  the  pay  of  postmasters,  I  think  box  rents 
should  be  wholly  eliminated  from  the  calculation;  and  I  am  strongly  in- 
clined to  the  opinion  that  the  whole  system  of  regulating  the  compensa- 
tion of  postmasters  should  be  radically  changed.  I  know  of  but  two 
reasons  for  paying  postmasters  at  all:  One  is,  he  incurs  responsibility; 
and  the  other,  he  performs  labor.  Both  the  responsibility  and  the  labor 
are  accurately  measured  by  the  business  transacted  at  the  se^'eral  offices. 
The  business  transacted  at  each  office  is  measured  with  sufficient  accu- 
racy by  its  revenues.  The  two  marked,  exceptions  to  this  rule  are  the 
offices  at  New  York  and  at  Washington.  The  former  office  should  be  ex- 
cepted because  of  the  large  amount  of  foreign  mail  handled  at  that 
office. 

The  whole  number  of  foreign  letters  estimated  to  be  received  in  a  single 
year  at  Baltimore,  Boston,  Chicago,  Key  West,  IS  ew  Orleans,  New  York, 
Philadelphia,  and  San  Francisco  was  15,809,021.    The  number  of  foreign 


REPORT  OP  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL,         809 

postal  cards  was  177,245.  The  whole  number  of  other  arricles  received 
from  foreign  countries,  14,346,748.  Of  these  aggregates,  13,074,102 
letters,  130,100  postal  cards,  and  12,892,218  other  articles  were  treated 
in  the  office  at  New  York. 

The  office  at  Washington  should  be  excepted,  because  of  the  large 
percentage  of  matter  handled  there  emanating  from  Congress  or  from 
the  departments,  and  which  yiehls  no  revenue  to  the  office.  It  is  esti- 
mated that  not  less  than  70  per  cent,  of  all  the  matter  mailed  at  that 
office  emanates  from  those  two  sources. 

For  those  two  offices  special  provision  must  probably  be  made.  But, 
with  the  exception  of  those  two  offices,  it  may  well  be  doubted  if  there 
Ls  another  postmaster  in  the  United  Stiites  holding  a  lirst  or  second 
class  office  who  would  not  be  glad  to  administer  it,  furnishing  liis  own 
help,  fuel,  light,  and  stationery,  for  a  sum  considerably  less  than  the 
allowances  now  made  for  all  those  purposes  added  to  his  salary.  If  it 
is  worth  60  per  cent,  to  collect  the  tirst  $400  of  postal  revenue  at  a  given 
office,  I  do  not  see  why  it  is  not  worth  the  same  percentage  to  collect 
the  second,  or  any  subsequent  sum  equal  in  amount.  On  the  contrary, 
if  8400  can  be  collected  at  a  cost  of  30  per  cent,  after  .x2,(»00  hav*-  been 
collected  at  the  same  office,  I  do  not  see  why  a  larger  percentage 
should  be  paid  for  collecting  the  first  '^2,000. 

If  there  are  offices  from  which  the  revenues  are  so  small,  that  iio  citi- 
zen will  be  troubled  with  its  duties  for  a  share  of  its  commissions,  it 
may  be  expedient  to  release  the  whole  revenue  to  the  postmaster  up  to 
a  given  point;  but  when  that  point  is  reached  and  the  proper  retainer 
is  i)aid  and  commissions  commence,  it  seems  to  me  that  one  rate  of  com- 
missions should  be  paid  to  all  postmasters  who  find  tlieir  own  offices. 
Another  and  smaller  rate  should  be  i)aid  to  such  as  occui)y  offices  rented 
by  the  government,  but  are  warmed  and  lighted  by  the  i)ostmasters; 
while  another  and  somewhat  smaller  rate  still  should  be  paid  to  i>ost- 
masters  who  occupy  public  buildings  warmed  and  lighted  by  the  gov- 
eniment,  with  special  provisions  made  for  the  offices  at  New  York  and 
Washington. 

AVhat  these  several  commissions  should  be  could  not  be  safely  deter- 
mined  until  after  a  thorough  inquiry,  prosecuted  by  a  Judicious  commit- 
tee, under  legislative  authority.  Onee  ascertained,  I  believe  many 
thousands  of  officeholders,  including  postmasters  and  clerks,  would  be 
transmuted  into  laborers.  Clerks  would  be  selected  more  with  reference 
to  what  they  could  do  bebin»l  the  cases  and  Icsss  for  what  they  had  done 
at  the  hustings.  Post-offices  would  more  resemble  workshops  and  less 
almshouses.  They  would  be  administered  with  less  cost  to  the  govern- 
ment and  more  protit  to  the  incumbent. 

Such  an  inquiry  I  earnestly  commend  to  the  consideration  of  Congress 

JAR  TRA>SPORTATIOi.'. 

The  report  of  the  Second  Assistant  Postnuistfer-General  gives  a  clear 
and  comprehensive  exhibit  of  the  management  of  the  star  service  for 


810        REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 

the  fiscal  year  just  closed.  It  will  bo  noticed  tliat  tlie  broad  purpose  of 
providing  adequate  i)Ostal  facilities  for  all  communities,  witliout  regard 
to  geographical  location,  is  made  the  first  and  leading  consideration  in 
the  arrangement  of  the  service ;  and  to  secure  that  result  without  an 
improvident  expenditure  of  means  is  the  second  consideration. 

The  department  is  clothed  with  the  widest  discretion  in  regard  to  the 
amount  of  service  to  be  performed  on  star  routes.  To  provide  all  needed 
postal  facilities,  and  at  the  same  time  to  guard  against  unnecessary  ex- 
l)enditure,  is  a  most  difficult  duty,  and  one  that  calls  for  the  exercise 
of  unusual  care  and  patient  inquiry.  The  results  given  in  the  report 
aiford  gratifying  evidence  that  during  the  last  fiscal  year  that  delicate 
duty  has  been  very  satisfactorily  discharged. 

The  aggregate  length  of  all  star  routes  on  the  30th  of  June,  1882,  was 
227,621  miles,  showing  a  decrease  during  the  year  of  3,G78  miles.  The 
aggregate  transportation  during  the  year  was  76,924,867  miles,  being  a 
decrease  of  2,632,429  miles.  The  annual  cost  was  $5,553,849,  being  a 
decrease  of  $1,403,506. 

RAILROAD  TRANSPORTATION. 

The  expansion  of  the  railroad  system  has  been  greater  during  the 
past  year  than  ever  before  in  any  one  year.  Important  connections 
have  been  made  with  California  and  Mexico. 

The  aggregate  cost  of  the  service  is  largely  increased  each  year. 
Such  must  continue  to  be  the  case  so  long  as  the  rapid  expansion  of  the 
service  shall  continue. 

The  steady  growth  of  this  expenditure  has  provoked  much  discus- 
sion for  some  time  past  concerning  the  rates  of  pay  for  carrying  the 
niaOs  on  railroads.  The  subject  is  most  important ;  and  the  suggestions 
of  the  Second  Assistant  Postmaster-General,  that  additional  safeguards 
be  thrown  around  the  large  annual  disbursement  for  railroad  services, 
and  that  any  change  in  the  laws  governing  the  rate  of  i^ay  should  be 
made  upon  ascertained  facts,  rather  than  upon  opinion,  are  recom- 
mended to  the  especial  notice  of  Congress. 

The  aggregate  length  of  all  railways  over  which  mails  were  trans- 
ported at  the  close  of  the  last  fiscal  year  was  100,563  miles,  showing  an 
increase  during  the  year  of  8,994  miles.  The  aggregate  transportation 
over  such  roads  during  the  year  was  113,995,318  miles,  being  an  increase 
of  10,474,089  miles.  The  cost  for  the  year  was  $12,753,184,  being  an 
increase  of  $1,139,816. 

Without  entering  into  the  transactions  of  the  contract  office  in  detail, 
an  intelligent  understanding  of  its  conduct  of  affairs  in  the  aggregate 
may  be  gathered  from  the  fact  that  the  approi3riation  for  all  items  in- 
cident to  inland  transportation  for  1883  is  820,067,000,  while  the  esti- 
mate for  the  same  items  for  1884  is  $25,494,120. 

It  will  thus  be  seen  that  the  entire  transportation  service,  notwith- 
standing its  rapid  growth,  will  be  conducted  for  the  next  fiscal  year  for 
$572,880  less  than  the  appropriation  for  the  current  year. 


REPORT   OF   THE   POSTMASTER-GENERAL.  811 

EATLWAY  MAIL  SERVICE. 

The  report  of  the  General  Superintendent  of  the  railway  mail  service 
is  an  interesting  exhibit  of  the  magnitude  to  which  that  branch  of  the 
service  has  attained. 

On  the  30th  of  June,  1882,  the  railway  post-oflices  numbered  769. 
They  occupied  342  whole  cars  and  1,402  apartments  in  cars.  These  cars 
ran  over  roads  whose  aggregated  length  was  87,805  miles,  and  the  serv- 
ice performed  during  the  year  amounted  to  75,741,438  miles. 

In  tlie  administration  of  this  service  3,570  postal  clerks  were  employed, 
with  salaries  aggregating  $3,480,779,  which  is  an  average  annual  salary 
for  each  clerk  of  $970.08.  The  average  number  of  miles  traversed  by 
the  clerks  during  the  year  was  38,504.  This  is  a  fraction  less  than  two 
cents  and  six  mills  per  mile. 

Comparing  these  figures  with  those  of  the  Second  Assistant  Post- 
master-General, it  appears  there  were  at  the  close  of  the  year  12,098 
miles  of  railway  which  were  not  post-office  lines,  and  that  38,253,880 
miles  of  service  was  performed  during  the  year  with  express  mails  and 
closed  pouches. 

During  the  year  there  were  handled  by  the  railway  postal  clerks 
2,155,213,880  letters  and  postal  cards,  1,278,176,030  pieces  of  other  mail 
matter,  being  a  total  of  3,433,390,480  pieces,  besides  14,234,310  regis- 
tered packages,  and  570,483  through  registered  pouches. 

This  shows  an  increase  over  the  work  of  1881  of  351,239,100  letters, 
228,880,250  pieces  of  other  mail  matter,  and  2,770,028  registered  pack- 
ages and  pouches.  But,  while  the  work  performed  during  the  the  last 
fiscal  year  was  greatly  in  excess  of  the  work  of  the  previous  year,  the 
salaries  paid  to  the  clerks  averaged  $1.85  less  during  1882  than  for  the 
year  1881. 

In  handling  this  immense  number  of  pieces  902,489  errors  were  com- 
mitted, or  one  error  for  every  3,805  pieces  handled.  During  the  previous 
year  one  error  was  committed  in  every  3,024  pieces  handk^d.  In  1880 
one  error  was  committed  in  every  3,482,  and  during  1879  one  in  every 
3,409.  During  the  past  year  405,700  errors  were  checked  against  post- 
masters, as  against  454,349  errors  in  1881. 

These  figures  show  that.  While  the  administration  of  the  postal  service 
is  not  yet  perfect,  there  is  a  constant  improvement  in  the  ellicicncy,  both 
of  postmasters  and  of  postal  clerks ;  and,  considering  that  postal  clerks 
perform  their  work  on  cars  while  in  rapid  motion,  that  they  must  them- 
selves work  with  great  celerity,  and  yet  make  but  one  error  in  every 
3,805  pieces  handled,  it  is  believed  that  for  accuracy  this  corps  may 
safely  challenge  comparison  with  any  other  service  in  tliis  country  or 
elsewhere. 

During  the  ])ast  fiscal  year  1,027  postal  clerks  were  appointed  upon  six 
months'  probation.  Of  that  number  208  failed  to  pass  examination,  and 
were  dropped  from  the  rolls  at  the  end  of  the  i)robationary  term.  Dur- 
ing the  same  year  there  were  83  casuidties,  in  which  three  postal  clerks 
lost  their  lives;  10  were  sesiously  and  20  were  slightly  wounded. 


812         REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 

I  concur  in  tlie  recommendation  of  tlie  General  Sui)erintendent,  that 
the  Postmaster-General  be  authorized  by  law  to  pay  out  of  the  appro- 
priation for  postal  clerks,  to  the  widows  or  guardians  of  minor  children 
of  such  clerks  as  may  be  killed  while  on  duty,  a  sum  equal  to  two  years' 
salary  of  the  grade  held  at  the  time  of  the  death;  and  that  postal  clerks 
temporarily  disabled  while  on  duty  be  continued  on  leave  with  full  pay 
until  recovery,  not  to  exceed  one  year.  Such  payments,  probably,  will 
involve  no  increased  appropriations,  as  the  deductions  from  pay  for 
failure  to  perform  service  and  for  absence  without  leave  weuld  amount 
to  enough  every  year  to  meet  these  requirements. 

Attention  is  also  invited  to  the  recommendation  of  the  superintend- 
ent, that  a  portion  of  the  appropriation  for  the  transportation  of  mails 
by  railroad  may  be  applied  to  the  purchase  of  machinery,  &c.,  for  print- 
ii»g  facing-slips. 

The  conclusion  of  the  superintendent's  report  deserves  the  serious 
consideration  of  Congress.    It  is  as  follows : 

It  shoulfl  not  be  forgotten -that  Imt  for  the  fact  that  during  tlie  past  twenty- t\vo 
years  the  tenure  of  office  of  all  postal" clerks  lias  been,  by  the  general  practice  of  tlio 
Department,  permanent  during  good  behaviour,  the  service  could  never  have  attained 
its  present  state  of  efficiency.  80  long,  however,  as  this  general  practice  remains  un- 
sanctioned by  positive  law  compelling  it,  there  is  still  sufficient  uncertainty  about 
the  tenure  of  office  to  interfere  with  tliat  entire  and  perfect  confidence  that  merit  and 
efficiency  are  certain  of  reward,  if  not  by  immediate  promotion,  at  least  by  retention 
in  the  service,  which  is  necessary  to  inspire  men  to  devote  themselves  enthusiastically 
to  the  work  in  which  they  are  engaged. 

Were  the  tenure  of  office  absolutely  secure,  young  men  entering  the  service  would 
devote  themselves  to  it  as  a  life  profession,  ha^-ing  before  their  eyes  the  hope  of  event- 
ually rising  to  ihe  position  of  superintendent,  just  as  the  present  superiuteudeuts 
have  risen  step  by  step  from  the  lowest  grade  in  the  service. 

That  there  is  a  special  reason  why  the  railway  postal  service  should  be  protected 
by  the  legislation  herein  recommended  has  been  recognized  for  many  years  by  the 
practice  of  the  Department,  but  there  never  was  a  time  before  when  the  puplic  in- 
terests would  so  greatly  suffer  by  the  inauguration  of  a  policy  which  should  lead  the 
railway  postal  clerks  to  believe  that,  in  any  instance  or  under  any  circumstances,  a 
good  record  for  the  faithful  and  efficient  discharge  of  their  duties  would  not  be  suffi- 
cient to  secure  their  retention  in  office  during  continued  good  behaviour,  because 
never  before  has  the  railway  postal  service  been  conducted  by  men  who  have  made  it 
the  sole  business  of  their  lives  for  nearly  twenty  years  to  add  to  its  efficiency,  and 
who  have  learned  to  meet  the  wants  of  the  public  in  postal  facilities  as  fast  as  such 
wants  arise  ;  and  never  before  have  the  postal  clerks  been  trained  by  so  mauy  years 
of  experience  and  study  to  secure  the  greatest  possible  certainty,  celeritj',  and  security 
in  forwarding  to  their  destination  every  letter  and  other  article  of  mail  matter  in- 
trusted to  their  care. 

FAST  MAILS  AND   SPECIAL  FACILITIES. 

Among  the  estimates  submitted  for  the  office  of  the  Second  Assistant 
Postmaster-General  is  an  item  of  8600,000,  to  be  expended  in  expedit- 
ing mails  on  railways.  The  same  sum  was  appropriated  for  the  same 
purpose  during  the  current  year. 

Touching  these  items  it  is  proper  to  say  that  I  have  as  yet  been  un- 
able to  make  any  arrangements  for  fast  service  out  of  the  existing  ap- 


REPORT    OF    THE    I'0ST.MA8•rEK-GE^'ERAL.  813 

])ro})riatioii  npon  terms  Avliidi  seemed  reasouable.  Certain  service  which 
I  foimd  ill  operation  is  still  maintained  at  the  rate  of  compensatiou 
originally  agreed  npon.  This  service  includes  the  fast  mail  between 
New  York  and  ( 'liarleston,  Sonth  Carolina,  New  York  and  Sprin^rtield, 
Mas.sachnsetts,  and  the  i.'->r>  forenoon  dis])ateh  from  2sew  York  via  the 
Unds(m  Kiver  and  Xew  York  Central.  A  full  account  of  this  service 
is  given  in  the  report  of  the  General  Superintendent  of  the  Kailway 
]Mail  Service,  page  231. 

By  reason  of  explanations  quite  freely  made  by  me  before  the  appro- 
priation was  made,  and  by  the  terms  of  the  appropriation  itself,  1  felt 
it  my  «luty  to  employ  the  fund  in  organizing  a  fast  mail  between  New 
Y'ork  and  San  Francisco,  and  between  New  England  antl  New  Orleans. 
These  are  the  two  great  trunk  lines  which  feed  the  most  branches.  The 
appropriation  was  found  inadequates  to  the  end  contemplated. 

I  am  not,  indeed,  able  to  say  what  sum  would  accomplish  the  object 
first  named.  A  proposition  was  submitted  for  a  mail  from  New  Y'ork 
to  Chicago;  but  after  mature  consideration,  the  managers  of  the  sev- 
eral roads  operating  between  Chicago  «and  the  Missouri  Kiver  jointly 
declined  to  submit  any  proposition,  saying : 

Ou  inforniation,  obtained  from  officials  of  the  Departiupnt,  respecting  the  largest 
amount  of  compensatiou  for  such  service  at  the  disposal  of  the  Department,  we  arc 
led  to  conclude  that  it  is  uot  possible  to  run  the  train  on  the  time  and  under  the  cou- 
dltious  imposed,  without  a  largo  deficiency  of  income  to  meet  the  expense  of  the 
service. 

I  am  inclined  to  the  o[»iniou  that  some  desirable  expedition  might 
have  been  obtained  over  the  lines  between  the  Missouri  and  the  Pacitic, 
if  the  law  would  have  permitted  me  to  expend  the  fund  upon  those  com- 
panies. As  such  was  uot  the  case,  I  have  thought  it  proper  to  leave 
the  money  in  the  Treasury  until  Congress  shall  designate  some  other 
direction  for  its  employment. 

Besides  the  financial  results  noted  in  the  commencement  of  this  report, 
the  following  instructive  facts  fire  gathered  from  the  report  of  the  Third 
Assistant  Postmaster-General : 

ISSUE  OF  POSTAGE  STAMPS,  STAMPED  ENVELOPES,  AND  POSTAL  CARDS. 

The  issue  of  postage  stamps,  stamped  envelopes,  and  postal  canls 
upon  requisitions  during  the  year  were  as  follows; 


Viiiub«r. 


Value. 


Ordinary  adliesivo  HtanipH !  1,11!  '" '  "     "   -     i 

XowspajxT  and  pi'riodicjil  stiiiiipa !  . 

Spfcial  H tamps  for  collection  of  postage  dno I  !  ■ 

Vostnl  cards 3   .  i 

Stamped  envelopes,  plain 11  ' 

Stamped  envelopes,  special  rcMiucst li         .  -.. 

Xcwstjiaper  wraiipers I  -ll,  y.-t,.  h  o  :,.iii,  -.u,'.  .m) 

Oliicinl  jMista;:.' MlainpH '  •_',  n  1 '.i, '..V.  ,           i:i5).  OTt  7.'> 

OHicial  staruped  enveJopes  and  wr.ippors '-',  037,  .100  i           1'9,  :io«J  5ti 


Aggregating '  1,740,571,033  '    40,978,053  42 


The  number  of  requisitions  filled  was  4(JJ,710. 


814         REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 

A  statement  of  the  values  of  stamps  issued  during  the  last  fiscal  year, 
compared  with  the  issues  of  the  fiscal  year  which  ended  Juiie  30,  1881, 
■will  bo  found  iu  the  appendix  to  this  report,  pages  360-367. 

POSTAGE  ON  BECOND-CLASS  MATTER. 

The  postage  collected  on  second-class  matter  during  the  past  year 
amounted  to  $1,565,103.28.  That  is  an  increase  of  $166,054.64  over  the 
collections  of  the  previous  year. 

Of  the  total  amount  realized  from  second-class  matter,  27.19  per  cent, 
was  collected  at  New  York;  9.92  per  cent,  at  Chicago;  6,16  per  cent,  at 
Boston;  5.43  per  cent,  at  Philadelphia;  4.44  per  cent,  at  Saint  Louis; 
3.56  per  cent,  at  Cincinnati;  3.28  per  cent,  at  Augusta,  Maine;  1.71  per 
cent,  at  San  Francisco;  1.45  per  cent,  at  Detroit;  1.23  per  cent,  at  Mil- 
waukee; 1.22  per  cent,  at  Louisville;  1.01  percent,  at  Pittsburgh ;  .09  of 
one  per  cent  at  Cleveland;  .96  of  one  per  cent,  at  Saint  Paul;  .92  of  one 
per  cent,  at  Toledo,  and  .86  of  one  per  cent,  at  Baltimore.  The  re- 
mainder was  collected  at  5,064  other  offices  scattered  throughout  the 
country. 

REDUCED  PRICES  OP  STAMPED  ENVELOPES. 

A  new  contract  was  made  in  June  last  for  stamped  envelopes.  The 
average  reduction  in  price  is  nearly  7  per  cent.  That  reduction  is  the 
more  gratifying,  because  it  follows  a  reduction  of  about  20  per  cent, 
made  in  the  last  contract  over  the  one  which  preceded  it.  Estimating 
the  number  of  tbe  different  kinds  of  envelopes  to  be  issued  under  the 
new  contract  upon  the  basis  of  the  number  actually  issued  during  the 
year  which  ended  on  the  31st  of  March  last,  the  aggregate  cost  will  be 
$456,197.58.  Five  bids  were  received  for  the  manufacture  of  such  en- 
velopes. The  cost  of  the  same  number  and  kind  under  the  highest 
proposal  submitted  would  be  $476,585.40.  There  was  thus  only  a  little 
more  than  $20,000  between  the  highest  and  the  lowest  offer  made  for  a 
contract,  which  will  amount  to  something  like  a  half  million  of  dollars. 

That  fact  furnishes  plenary  proof,  both  that  bidders  were  equally  well 
informed  of  the  services  expected  and  that  the  bid  accepted,  while  it 
was  the  best  offer,  was  not  likely  to  subject  the  contractor  to  a  loss. 

DEAD  LETTERS  AND  PARCELS. 

The  whole  number  of  pieces  of  mail  matter  handled  during  the  year, 
including  a  balance  of  124,731  letters  on  hand  July  1,  1881,  was 
4,285,285.  That  is  an  increase  of  about  15  per  cent,  over  the  previous 
year.  Of  these,  3,288,589  were  unclaimed  domestic  letters ;  00,476  were 
unclaimed  domestic  packages ;  356,287  were  letters  of  foreign  origin ; 
954  w^ere  letters  for  foreign  countries  containing  unmailable  articles ; 
17,313  were  foreign  parcels  containing  print*ed  matter,  samples,  &c., 
returnable  to  the  countries  of  origin  under  special  postal  arrangements  ; 
275,240  were  held  for  postage ;  274,715  were  misdirected,  and  11,711 
bore  no  suj)erscription  whatever. 


REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL.         815 

Of  the  letters  opened  19,989  contained  money  amounting  to  i*44,3L'r).65; 
24,575  contained  drafts,  checks,  money  orders,  &c.,  representing  » 
value  of  81,963,413.73;  90,842  letters  and  parcels  contained  merchaudiHe; 
52,463  contained  postage-stamps;  44,731  contained  receipts,  paid  notes, 
&c.;  39,242  contained  photographs.  $7,657  were  taken  from  dead  letters 
which  could  not  be  restored  to  owners ;  $3,739.02  were  collected  upon 
insufficiently-paid  letters.  The8§  two  items  represent  the  entire  re- 
venue derived  from  the  dead-letter  service.  More  minute  details  will 
be  found  in  the  report  of  the  Third  Assistant  Postmaster-General,  at 
pp.  368-373  and  tables  numbered  10-15. 

NEW  MODE  OF  TREATING  HELD-FOR-POSTAGE  MATTER. 

An  important  change  in  the  mode  of  treating  held-for-postage  matter 
was  inaugurated  on  the  Ist  of  July  under  the  provisions  of  a  depart- 
mental order  dated  May  11,  1882. 

Formerly,  first-class  matter  deposited  in  a  post-office,  on  which  less 
than  one  full  rate  was  paid,  and  third  find  fourth  class  matter  not  paid 
in  full,  were  sent  to  the  Dead-Letter  Office  instead  of  to  the  addressees. 

The  new  order  directs  the  postmaster  at  the  office  of  mailing,  to  notify 
the  addressee  by  card,  of  the  existence  of  the  letter  and  of  the  deficiency 
in  postage,  to  the  end  that,  if  he  chooses,  he  may  remit  the  postage  and 
have  the  letter  forwarded.  This  new  mode  is,  for  the  present,  confined 
to  the  free-delivery  offices. 

Reports  have  been  received  from  97  of  those  offices,  showing  that  the 
total  numberof  pieces  finally  treated  by  them  diuing  the  (piarter  ended 
September  30  last,  was  71,478,  of  which  59,711,  or  nearly  84  per  cent., 
were  forwarded  to  the  addressees. 

REGISTRATION  OF  LETTERS  AND  PARCELS. 

The  whole  number  of  letters  and  parcels  forwarded  by  registered 
mail  during  the  year  was  9,627,022.  The  amount  of  registry  fees  col- 
lected was  $841,497.90.  The  actual  estimated  losses  (some  cases  being 
still  under  investigation)  were  unusually  few  iu  number,  consisting  of 
726  letters  or  i^arccls  only,  or  one  out  of  every  13,202  forwarded. 

POSTAL  MONEY-ORDER  SYSTEM. 

The  report  of  the  Superintendent  of  the  I^Ionoy-Order  System  is,  a« 
usual,  interesting  and  instructive.  I  extract  from  it  such  facts  only  :»s 
touch  upon  the  growth  of  the  business,  and  the  proposed  modifications  in 
that  branch  of  the  service. 

The  money-order  offices  conducting  domestic  operations  numbered 
5,491  at  the  cloSo  of  the  last  fiscal  year.  The  orders  issued  by  the  same 
aggregated  in  value  $113,400,118.21.  The  orders  paid  and  repaid  ag- 
gxegated  $113,388,301.90.  The  fees  received  from  the  public  ain(uint«'d 
to  $1,053,710.55.  Tliat  was  an  increase  of  nearly  9  per  cent,  over  the 
l)revious  year.    The  gross  revenue  fro^tt  the  domestic  moneyonler 


816  REPORT    OF   THE    POSTIVIASTER-GENBRil.. 

business  was  $280,341.17.  That  sum,  together  with  $80,426.18  derived 
from  inteinatioual  money-order  business  for  the  year  which  ended 
June  30,  1881,  has  been  paid  into  the  Treasury  for  the  service  of  the 
Post-Office  Department.  After  deducting  therefrom  all  the  expenses  of 
the  money-onler  service,  which  Avere  paid  during  the  year  from  appro- 
priations, there  remained  a  net  profit  of  $165,030.25. 

Allowances  for  clerk-hire  were  ma<ii[e  during  the  year,  amounting  to 
$175,548.84.  These  allowances  were  to  offices  where  the  total  compensa- 
tion of  the  postmaster  from  all  sources  amounted  to  $4,000. 

At  the  last  session  of  Congress  a  bill  embodying  certain  modifications 
in  the  mony-order  system,  which  wore  recommended  by  my  predecessor 
in  the  last  annual  report,  and  which  received  the  approval  of  the  Com- 
mittee on  Post-Offices  and  Post-Eoads,  passed  the  House  of  Representa- 
tives. It  did  not  reach  the  Senate  early  enough  to  secure  the  considera- 
tion of  that  body. 

I  respectfully  renew  the  recommendation  made  in  that  report  with 
reference  to  a  modified  scale  of  fees  for  money  orders,  diminishing  the 
cost  thereof,  and  of  the  desirabOity  of  conferring  upon  this  Department 
authority  to  issue,  in  connection  with  the  present  money  order,  orders 
of  a  new  form,  to  be  called  postal  notes,  for  sums  under  $5,  and  at  a  fee 
to  the  public  of  three  cents. 

FOREIGN  MAILS. 

From  the  report  of  the  superintendent  of  foreig-n  mails  it  appears 
that  the  total  weight  of  the  mails  dispatched  to  Postal  Union  countries, 
Canada  excepted,  during  the  last  fiscal  year  was  2,203,876  pounds,  an 
increase  of  weight  of  452,353  pounds  over  that  of  the  preceding  year. 

Of  the  correspondence  dispatched,  42.6  per  cent,  of  the  letters  and 
44.8  of  the  printed  matter,  samples,  &c.,  were  sent  to  Great  Britain ; 
24.5  per  cent,  of  the  letters  and  18.6  per  cent,  of  the  prints,  samples, 
&c.,  were  sent  to  Germany;  24.3  per  cent,  of  the  letters  and  19.3  per 
cent,  of  the  prints,  samples,  &c.,  were  sent  to  other  countries  of  Europe, 
and  8.8  per  cent,  of  letters  and  17.3  per  cent,  of  prints,  samples,  &c., 
were  sent  to  other  union  countries  and  colonies. 

The  percentage  of  increase  over  the  weights  of  the  preceding  fiscal 
year  was  21J  per  cent,  for  letter  mails,  and  26^-  per  cent,  for  print*:, 
iSamples,  &c. 

The  payment  for  the  transportation  of  ocean  mails,  under  the  general 
law  limiting  the  compensation  to  the  sea-postages  on  the  mails  con- 
veyed, amounted  to  $280,163.98,  an  increase  of  $41,014.77  over  the  cost 
of  the  same  service  during  the  preceding  year.  Of  this  amount, 
$233,485.34  was  expended  for  the  trans- Atlantic  service,  $16,537.38  for 
the  trans-Pacific  service,  $30,141-26  for  the  service  to  Mexico,  the  West 
India  Islands,  Canada,  Newfoundland,  and  countries  and  colonies  of 
Central  and  South  America.  The  increased  cost  over  that  of  the  same 
service  for  the  fiscal  year  1881  was  17.1  per  cent.    Compared  with  the 


REPORT    OF    THE    P0STMA8TER-GEXERAL.  817 

cost  of  tlie  oocau  transportation  for  the  fiscal  year  18S0,  the  increase  in 
two  3'ears  was  over  41  per  cent. 

The  republics  of  Nicaragua  and  Costa  Rica  have  been  recently  ad- 
mitted to  the  Postal  Union,  and  the  only  countries  and  colonies  of  the 
world  which  have  organized  postal  estal)lishinents,  not  embraced  in  the 
union,  are  Bolivia  and  the  British  Australasian  colonies. 

The  limits  of  weight  and  dimensions  for  packets  of  samples  of  mer- 
chandise prescribed  by  article  5  of  the  Pans  convention,  have  been  ex- 
tended by  special  arrangements  conclude<l  with  Belgium  and  Switzer- 
land, respectively,  so  as  to  admit  such  packets  to  circulation  in  the 
mails  exchanged  with  those  (iountvies,  Avhon  not  exceeding  the  weight 
of  Hi  ounces,  and  the  dimensions  of  Hi  inches  in  length,  8  inches  in 
width,  and  4  inches  in  depth. 

TOPOG RArilEli'S    OFFICE. 

The  series  of  postal  maps  already  published  now  consists  of  -(>,  com- 
prising 05  sheets. 

New  photolithographed  maps  of  New  .Mexico  and  Arizona,  of  Oregon 
andWashington, and oftheTerritoriesof  Montana,  Idaho, and  Wyoming, 
and  engraved  plates  of  Virginia  and  AVest  Virginia  have  been  com- 
pleted ;  also  a  new  map  photolithographed  of  the  Mississippi  Iviver  has 
been  produced.  There  arc  under  construction,  drawings  for  new  maps  ol" 
Florida,  North  Carolina,  South  Carolina,  California,  and  Nevada. 

MAIL  DEPREDATIONS. 

The  force  employed  in  the  division  of  the  Chief  Post-Ollice  Inspector 
has  been  activ(i  and  etUcieut  during  the  last  year,  as  will  be  seen  by 
the  report  of  its  chief.  The  number  of  cases  investigated  and  reported 
upon  during  the  year  are  as  follows : 

llejistered  cases 5,  goo 

Ordinary  cases 3j,  ^so 

Mirtc'oUancous  cases 4,678 

Four  hundred  and  ninety -six  arrests  were  made.  Of  these  411  were 
piosecuted  in  the  courts  of  the  United  States  and  55  in  the  courts  of  the 
several  States.  Of  the  former,  193  were  convicted  and  18  acquitted  ; 
7  escaped,  1  forfeited  bail;  40  cases  were  dismissed,  and  182  await  trial. 
Of  those  prosecuted  in  the  State  courts  14  were  convicted,  7  aecpiittcd, 
li  escaped,  27  await  trial,  and  5  cases  were  dismissed. 

The  disbursements  on  account  of  ai)i)ropriationfor])ost-ottice  insi)e('t- 
ors  ami  mail  depredations  during  the  fisi  id  year  ended  June  30,  1882, 
salaries  and  exi)ensc  allowance  of  i)Ostolhce  inspectors,  attorney's  foes, 
rewards,  &v.,  were  $100,551.25. 

There  are  claims  against  this  fund  still  unadjusted. 

ft 

NEW  MONEY-OlJDKi;    OFFirK    DI^ILDING. 

By  the  provisions  of  the  act  of  iAfarch  I,  issi,  making  ai)propriations 
for  the  service  of  the  Post-Office  Department  for  the  fiscal  year  ending 
52  Ab 


818         REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 

Jiine  30, 1883,  the  Postmaster-General  was  authorized  "  to  take  the  nec- 
essary steps  to  reut  a  suitable  building,  or  buildings,  for  the  use  of  the 
Money-Order  Office  of  the  Post-OfUce  Department,  and  of  the  money- 
order  division  of  the  Auditor  of  the  Treasury  for  the  Post-Office  De- 
partment," provided, "  that  the  annual  rental  of  such  building  or  build- 
ings shall  not  exceed  $5,000."  The  Postmaster-General,  however,  was 
unable  to  rent  a  building  of  the  necessary  capacity  for  the  amount  of 
money  specified  in  that  act.  Wherefore,  at  its  last  session  Congress 
X^assed  an  act  extending  the  limit  of  the  appropriation  for  the  rent  of  a 
i3uilding  for  the  money-order  service  to  $8,000.  Upon  the  passage  of 
this  act  a  number  of  offers  were  made  of  buildings  in  the  neighborhood 
of  the  Post-Ofdce  Department  for  the  use  specified ;  but  upon  investiga- 
tion it  was  found  that  the  buildings  tendered  either  lacked  a  sufficient 
amount  of  space  for  the  purposes  of  the  Department,  or  were  held  at  too 
high  a  rental  value.  Finally,  an  ofler  was  made  by  Messrs.  E.  A.  Hooe, 
of  Washington,  and  Eobert  Beverly,  of  Virginia,  the  owners  of  the 
property  on  the  corner  of  Eighth  and  E  streets,  square  numbered  406, 
to  erect  a  building  on  said  property  for  the  purpose  contemplated. 

On  the  IGth  of  March  last  I  entered  into  contract  with  Messrs.  Hooe 
and  Beverly,  a  copy  of  which  will  be  found  in  the~ Appendix.  That 
building  has  been  erected.  The  clerks  composing  the  Money-Order 
Office  of  this  Department  and  the  Sixth  Auditor's  Office  are  now  estab- 
lished in  it.  The  new  budding  contains  about  15,000  feet  of  space  for 
clerks,  is  furnished  with  an  elevator,  good  heating  appliances,  and  ap- 
propriate electric  bells  and  speaking  tubes  ;  is  well  lighted  and  venti- 
lated, and  is  connected  with  the  department  building  by  a  light,  but 
substantial  iron  bridge. 

By  the  terms  of  the  contract,  the  government  is  given  the  option  of 
purchasing  tlys  x^roperty  for  $85,000  at  any  time  within  two  months 
after  the  opening  of  the  next  session  of  Congress.  Three  considerations 
commend  this  opportunity  to  the  prompt  acceptance  of  Congress :  First. 
There  seems  to  be  little  doubt  that  the  government  will  soon  impera- 
tively need  the  whole  of  that  square.  Second.  Good  judges  of  property 
are  of  the  opinion  that  if  this  particular  lot  is  not  taken  upon  the  terms 
and  within  the  time  specified,  it  will  never  be  secured  for  less  than 
$100,000.  Third.  The  rent  reserved  amounts  to  more  than  9  per  cent, 
per  annum  on  the  price  demanded. 

It  seems  little  less  than  profligate  to  pay  9  per  cent,  for  rent  when 
the  money  can  be  had  for  3  J  per  cent,  to  purchase. 

RATES  OF  POSTAGE. 

I  remain  of  the  opinion  expressed  in  my  letter  of  the  18th  of  May  last, 
addressed  to  the  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Eepresentatives,  that  the 
postage  on  second-class  matter  ought  properly  to  be  abolished.  It  does 
not  seem  just,  and  if  not  just,  it  cannot  be  wise  to  charge  for  carrying 
some  newspapers  and  to  carry  others  free,  or  to  charge  for  carrying  a 


REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL.         819 

newspaper  to  some  subscribers  and  to  carry  the  same  uew?.paper  to 
others  without  charge, 

I  wish  also  to  repeat,  and  to  emphasize  the  opinion  expressed  in  the 
same  letter,  that  the  rate  of  postage  on  fourth-class  matter  should  be  in- 
creased. To  charge  three  cents  per  half  ounce  for  carrying  messages 
from  one  post-oflice  to  another,  and  yet  to  carry  merchandise  from  one 
side  of  the  continent  to  the  other  for  one  cent  an  ounce  is  not  ai)proved 
by  good  sense,  if  it  is  by  good  morals. 

Some  anxiety  has  been  manifested  to  reduce  first-class  postage  to  two 
cents  per  half  ounce.  If  it  should  be  thought  such  a  reduction  in  ratea 
would  cause  too  great  a  shrinkage  in  the  revenues,!  would  respectfully 
suggest  that  correspondence  may  be  cheapened  almost  as  much  by  an 
other  measure,  much  less  costly  to  the  Treasurj*. 

If  Congress  will  authorize  the  sale  of  stamped  envelopes  at  the  same 
price  at  which  adhesive  stamps  are  sold,  it  would  lessen  the  cost  of  cor- 
respondence. 

The  government  is  now  the  largest  dealer  in  envelopes  there  is.  It 
sells,  as  nearly  as  practicable,  at  the  cost  of  manufacturing,  with  the 
postage  added.  After  the  first  of  January  next  the  present  tariff  of 
prices  will  be  somewhat  reduced,  owing  to  the  more  liivorablo  terms  of 
a  recent  contract  for  their  manufacture.  Yet,  under  the  reduced  tariff, 
if  the  single  rate  be  reduced  to  two  cents,  a  correspondent  who  buys  a 
singlestamped  envelope  will  be  compelled  to  pay  three  cents  for  it.  If  he 
buys  more  than  five  and  less  than  a  hundred,  he  will  have  to  pay  2^ 
cents  each.  If  he  buys  more  than  a  hundred  at  a  time,  he  will  bo  able 
to  get  them  at  a  small  fraction  less  than  that.  If,  on  the  coiitrarv,  the  cor- 
respondent buys  adhesive  stamps  at  the  post-office,  and  liis  envelopes  of 
private  dealers,  the  cost  will  be  still  greater. 

Eegardless  of  economy,  a  large  percentage  of  eorrcs[)oiidents  do  in 
fact  buy  the  adhesive  stamp  instead  of  the  stamped  envelope.  During 
the  last  fiscal  year  680,463,700  adhesive  stamps  of  the  denomination  of 
three  cents  were  issued  for  prepayment  of  postage  by  the  public,  while 
only  168,096,250  stamped  envelopes  of  the  same  deiioniiuatiou  were 
issued.  It  is  safe  to  assume  that  the  purchasers  of  those  adhesive 
stamps  paid  an  average  price  equal  to  a  large  fraction  of  a  cent  each 
for  the  envelopes  on  which  to  put  them.  If  the  dciiartment  could  have 
supplied  the  envelopes  at  the  cost  of  stamps,  it  would  have  been  equiva- 
lent to  a  reduction  of  that  fraction  of  one  cent  in  postage.  Yet  it  would 
have  cost  the  government,  under  the  jircsent  contract,  less  than  .^2,000,000 
to  furnish  the  envelopes.  And  even  this  apparent  loss  would  have  been 
compensated  by  two  great  advantages: 

An  adhesive  stamp,  not  properly  canceled,  can  be  removed  and 
re-used.  It  is  not  doubted  tliat  the  revenue  is  seriously  impaired  an- 
nually by  this  one  cause.  The  envelope  can  never  bo  used  but  once. 
So  far  as  the  stamped  envelope  can  be  substituted  for  the  adhesive 
stamp,  all  such  depreciation  of  revenue  is  avoided. 


820  llEPORT    OF    THi:    POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 

Another  benefit  to  accrue  from  the  substitution  of  stamped  envelopes 
for  adhesive  stamps,  is  the  saving  of  labor  in  the  administration  of  the 
service.  A  letter  deposited  in  a  post-office,  on  which  less  than  one  full 
rate  of  postage  is  prepaid,  is  treated  in  one  of  two  ways.  If  it  be  de- 
l)osited  in  a  free-delivery  office,  and  the  writer  is  unknown,  the  post- 
master sends  a  notice  to  the  addressee  that  he  may,  if  he  will  remit 
the  postage,  have  the  letter  forwarded.  That  imposes  labor  upon  the 
local  postmaster.  If  the  same  letter  is  deposited  in  any  other  than  a 
free-delivery  office,  it  is  sent  at  once  to  the  dead-letter  office,  to  be 
treated  there.  That  imposes  labor  upon  the  department.  The  whole 
number  of  domestic  letters  treated  in  the  dead-letter  office  during  the 
last  fiscal  year  was  3,709,2GG.  Of  these,  275,240  were  letters  held  for 
I)Ostage.  But  a  letter  once  inclosed  in  a  three-cent  stamped  envelope 
has  one  full  rate  prepaid.  That  letter  cannot  be  held  for  postage.  It 
will  go  forward  at  once;  the  i)ostmaster  at  the  office  of  delivery  will 
tender  it  to  the  addressee  upon  receiving  the  postage  due. 

Again,  the  correspondent  who  orders  stamped  envelopes  to  the  num- 
ber of  500  may  have  his  name  and  address,  with  a  request  to  return, 
printed  thereon  without  additional  charge.  Then  if  the  addressee  cannot 
be  found  the  writer  may  be  found  without  resort  to  the  dead-letter  office. 
Out  of  6,000  letters  sent  to  the  dead-letter  office  on  the  4th  instant,  only 
four  had  such  requests  upon  them.  By  such  means  the  work  of  the 
dead-letter  office  may  be  reduced  to  the  mimimum. 

The  Postal  Establishment  has  attained  huge  proportions.  It  is  con- 
ducted at  an  annual  cost  of  $50,000,000.  It  should  do  whatever  it  can 
do  well.  What  it  can  do  elsewhere  it  can  do  here.  Yet  the  fact  remains 
that  the  postal  service  does  in  other  countries  many  things  which  it  has 
not  yet  attempted  in  this  country. 

POSTAL  COLLECTION  SYSTEM. 

In  Belgium,  Switzerland,  and  Germany,  the  post-office  is  employed 
in  the  collection  of  bills  not  exceeding  500  francs  in  any  one  sum.  The 
system  is  briefly  this :  The  creditor  purchases  a  special  envelope  of  the 
post-office,  for  which  he  pays  25  centimes,  and  in  which  he  incloses  his 
account,  and  directs  to  the  postmaster  within  whose  delivery  the  debtor 
resides.  The  bill  is  handed  to  the  carrier,  who  presents  it  to  the  debtor 
on  his  round.  If  not  paid,  the  bill  is  simply  returned.  If  paid,  the 
carrier  returns  the  money  to  the  postmaster.  For  his  services  he  re- 
ceives 25  centimes  if  the  amount  is  100  francs  or  more ;  if  less  than  100 
francs,  he  receives  15  centimes.  The  postmaster  receives  a  like  sum  for 
his  services,  and  sends  the  creditor  a  postal  order  for  the  balance,  less 
the  proper  fee  for  the  order. 

In  Germany,  during  the  year  1876,  2,750,000  accounts  were  thus  col- 
lected. In  March  last  the  system  was  authorized  in  France.  I  respect- 
fully invite  Congress  to  consider  whether,  by  authorizing  a  similar  sys- 
tem here,  something  cannot  be  done  to  further  utilize  the  postal  estab- 


REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL.         821 

lishment  and  augment  its  revenues;  to  lessen  the  cost  of  collecting 
tradesmen's  bills,  and  to  inculcate  in  the  people  the  habit  of  promptly 
meeting  their  small  bills  as  the  banks  inculcate  the  habit  of  meeting 
large  ones. 

POSTAL  SAVINGS-BANKS. 

T  follow  in  the  ste})8  of  many  of  my  pr«Hlec(\ssors  In  this  ofTicc,  when  T 
invoke  Congress  to  nnike  one  more  etiVn-t  to  engraft  upon  the  postal 
service  a  system  of  deposits  lor  small  sums.  The  great  lesson  our 
peoi)le  need  to  learn  is  that  of  economy.  The  American  people  are  apt 
to  earn,  but  are  not  Mise  to  save. 

The  easy  introduction  to  the  art  of  saving  is  to  provide  a  convenient 
and  safe  means  of  saving.  A  lucrative  means  is  less  essential.  A 
place  near  at  hand  wliere  a  dollar  may  be  deposited  and  may  be  secure 
against  the  temptations  of  the  burglar,  the  thief,  and  the  saloon-keeper, 
even  if  it  accumulates  but  very  little,  has  everywhere  j)roved  a  strong 
inducement  to  saving.  The  post-otfice  is  near  to  every  citi/.en ;  the  sav- 
ings bank  must  always  be  remote  from  most.  The  post-ottice  need  not 
be  a  substitute  for  the  savings  bank,  nor  its  rival,  but  its  feeder;  a 
place  where  small  deposits  with  slow  accretions  may  securely  grow  into 
large  ones,  then  to  be  transferred  to  savings  banks  on  longer  terms  and 
with  larger  earnings. 

POSTAL  TELEGRAPH  SYSTEM. 

Another  and  a  broader  field  of  activity  not  yet  occupied  by  our  postal 
establishment  is  that  of  the  telegraph.  In  almost  all  countries,  save  this, 
telegraph  service  is  conducted  by  the  postal  authorities.  Presidents, 
Postmasters-General,  and  committees  of  both  houses  of  Congress  have 
heretofore  urged  that  the  Post-Oiiice  Department  of  the  United  States 
should  take  exclusive  possession  of  that  service.  Already  Congress 
has  provided  a  mode  for  adjusting  the  terms  upon  which  the  United 
States  may  purchase  all  telegraph  lines,  either  for  postal  or  other  pur- 
poses.    (Revised  Statutes,  section  52G7.) 

After  the  fullest  consideration  I  have  been  able  t<3  give  to  the  sub- 
ject, I  am  forced  to  the  conclusion  that  the  time  has  fully  come  when 
tlie  telegraph  and  postal  service  should  be  embraced  under  one  man- 
agement. The  whole  subject  has  been  argued  in  former  years.  I  shall 
do  but  little  more  than  summarize  that  argument. 

The  business  of  the  telegraph  is  iidierently  the  sanu^  as  that  of  the 
mail.  It  is  to  transmit  messages  from  one  person  to  another.  That  is 
tlievery  i>urpose  for  wliich  post-otiices  and  post-roads  are  established. 
The  power  to  est^iblish  is  not  limited  to  any  i)articular  modes  of  trans- 
mission. The  telegraph  was  not  known  when  the.  Constitution  was 
adopted.  Neither  was  tlie  railway.  L  cannot  doubt  that  the  power  to 
employ  one  is  as  clear  as  to  employ  the  other. 

If  the  union  of  the  two  services  did  not  improve  that  of  the  tele- 


822        REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 

grapli  at  all,  I  tliiuk  it  would  improve  the  i)ostal  service  in  some  im- 
portant respects.  It  would  necessitate  the  employment  of  telegraph 
operators  for  postmasters  in  many  offices.  That  would  result  in  giving 
to  the  administration  of  not  a  few  offices  men  who  have  learned  to  do 
one  thing  in  place  of  those  who  have  never  Jearned  to  do  anything.  It 
tlie  two  offices  were  united,  whenever  a  mail  did  not  arrive  on  time, 
the  public  thronging  the  post-office  would  learn,  not  merely  that  the 
mail  had  not  arrived,  but  when  it  would  arrive. 

Again,  the  necessity  for  delivering  messages  would  facilitate  and 
gradually  draw  after  it  the  free  delivery  of  mails  in  places  where  free 
delivery  in  itself  is  impracticable. 

But  a  union  of  the  two  services  would,  I  believe,  improve  the  tele- 
grapli  more  than  it  would  the  postal  service. 

I  prefer  no  accusation  against  the  administration  of  the  former  serv- 
ice. Admitting  it  to  be  honest  and  efficient,  the  fact  remains  that  it  is 
not  cheap,  and  under  corporate  control  it  cannot  be  cheap.  Eent  for 
both  services  would  cost  but  little  more  than  the  cost  for  one.  So  of 
fuel  and  of  light.  Where  there  is  now  a  free  delivery  of  mail,  telegraph 
messages  could  be  delivered  at  less  cost  by  the  post-office  than  hy  a  cor- 
poration. Besides,  if  the  business  was  controlled  by  the  government, 
there  would  be  but  a  single  management  for  the  whole.  The  business 
is  now  charged  with  the  cost  of  many  different  managements.  One  di- 
rection is  cheaper  than  several. 

Again,  corijoratious  will  seek,  and  ought  to  have,  not  only  remuner- 
ation for  cost  of  administration,  but  interest  on  the  capital  invested. 
Telegraph  companies  seek  and  secure  a  large  interest  on  their  capital; 
and  what  is  still  more  burdensome  to  the  public  is  the  fact  that  the 
aggregate  outlay  of  the  companies  is  always  greatly  in  excess  of  the 
actual  cost  of  their  proi)erty. 

The  office  of  the  telegraph  is  not  indispensable  in  the  sense  that  air, 
water,  and  food  arc;  but  it  is  so  essential  to  social,  political,  and  com- 
mercial life  that  it  must  be  had.  If  it  cannot  be  obtained  at  one  price, 
it  will  be  at  another.  No  one  corporation  has  been  or  will  be  allowed 
quietly  to  monopolize  the  business.  No  one  set  of  men  will  be  i)ermit- 
ted  exclusively  to  sell  services  which  all  must  have.  And  yet,  while 
monopoly  will  not  be  permitted,  competition  beyond  a  certain  point  can- 
not be  tolerated. 

When  comiietition  profits  the  public  who  purchase  the  service,  ft  be- 
comes injurious  to  the  companies  which  sell.  When  it  becomes  injurious 
to  the  comiianies,  the  competition  is  extinguished  by  the  inirchase  and 
absorption  of  the  competitor.  The  price  paid  for  the  franchises  of  a 
rival  concerns  the  purchaser  but  little;  it  concerns  the  public  deeply. 
The  people  must  pay  the  fees  which  will  yield  dividends  on  the  new 
and  on  the  old  capital.  So  it  has  happened  that  the  one  corporation 
which  has  built  most  miles  of  telegraph  has  been  the  largest  purchaser 
of  telegraph  property.    It  must  continue  to  be  so.    Xo  matter  how  i?ich 


REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL.        823 

a  company  may  be,  it  is  powerless  to  prevent  the  organization  of  new 
and  competing  enterprises.  Its  sole  protection  is  to  buy  when  the  new 
rival  proves  hurtful.  No  matter  how  conservative  or  just  may  be 
the  management  of  the  purchasing  comi)any,  it  will  demand  from  the 
public  dividends  on  the  capital  invested  to  extinguish  the  rival.  The 
only  security  capital  can  have  against  these  recurring  raids  is  to  sur- 
render the  business  to  the  government.  The  only  prot(.'Ctiou  the  public 
can  have  against  these  multiplied  exactions  is,  for  the  government  to 
assume  that  exclusive  control  over  the  transmission  of  domestic  mes- 
sages by  electricity,  which  it  now  has  over  the  slower  methods  by  steam 
and  stage-coach.  Safety  for  those  who  sell  and  those  who  buy  tele- 
graph service  is  jiromoted  by  the  same  measure. 

But  a  stronger  reason  still,  why  the  government  should  control  the 
telegraph,  is  found  in  the  fact  that  it  is  as  potent  for  evil  as  for  good. 
Like  government  itself,  it  is  too  terrible  to  be  wielded  by  other  than 
representatives  of  the  whole  people. 

In  the  great  commercial  centers,  public  stocks,  corporate  and  mining 
stocks,  bonds,  and  the  staple  products  of  agriculture  are  bought  and 
sold  daily,  to  the  amount  of  thousands  of  millions.  In  all  those  markets 
one  great  telegraph  company  wags  its  tongue  incessantly.  For  all  those 
commodities  it  is  the  arbiter  of  prices.  Prices  go  uj)  or  down  according 
to  its  inculcations.  Whoever  controls  its  utterances  may  at  i)leasure 
buoy  a  market  in  which  he  wishes  to  sell,  or  break  one  in  which  he 
wishes  to  buy.  That  is  an  agency  much  too  dreadful  to  entrust  to 
private  hands. 

I  am  far  from  asserting  that  a  use  so  malign  ever  has  been  made  of 
this  agency.  I  speak  of  its  capabilities,  not  of  its  history.  Knowing 
that  it  can  be  so  abused,  it  seems  to  be  the  dictate  of  pnulence  not  to 
wait  until  it  is  so  abused.  It  is  manifest  that  even  when  the  govern- 
ment controls  the  telegraph  a  falsehood  which  may  sink  a  stock  or 
float  it  may  still  be  sent  over  the  wires.  But  truth  will  have  equal  free- 
dom on  the  Imes.  In  government  hands  the  telegi'aph  will  njaintain  an 
exact  neutrality  between  the  two  fierce  parties,  which,  day  by  day  and 
year  by  year,  contend  for  supremacy  in  the  markets.  In  private  hands 
it  may  become  the  mere  creature,  as  malignant  as  mighty,  of  that  party 
which  its  owner,  from  time  to  time,  chooses  to  join.  If  he  choose,  he 
may  give  free  course  to  falsehood,  and  if  he  choose,  he  may  imprison 
the  truth.    Who  else  can  trade  in  a  market  dominated  by  such  a  power! 

It  may  be  objected,  and  has  been,  that  the  measure  proposed  would 
largely  extend  the  roll  of  Federal  othcials.  That  increase  has  doubtless 
been  exaggerated.  At  a  very  large  percentage  of  the  offices  the  tele- 
graph operator  would  not  su|)]il('ment  the  i)ostmas(er,  but  would  sup- 
Ijlant  him.  Besides,  I  know  of  no  law  but  necessity  limiting  the  em- 
ployment of  officials.  The  government  is  not  wise  which  employs  a 
single  officer  not  needed.  It  is  unwise  if  it  refuses  to  employ  thousands 
when  they  are  needed. 


824  ■    REPORT    OP    THI-:    POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 

Within  the  life  of  this  geuoration  this  government  employed  more 
than  two  and  a  half  millions  of  officers.  They  were  all  armed.  They 
did  not  destroy  the  country ;  they  saved  it.  It  is  not  difficult  to  find 
individuals  who  employ  a  thousand  men  and  find  proEt  in  it.  It  does 
not  become  fifty  millions  to  shrink  from  employing  a  hundred  thousand 
if  they  have  need  for  their  services. 

T.  O.  HOWE, 

rosimaster-  (Jencral. 
The  President. 


PAPERS 

ACCOMPANYISCi 

THE  REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER  GENERAL. 


ESTIMATES  OF  THE  APPROPKIATIONS  FOR  THE   POSTAL 
SERVICE  FOR  THE  FISCAL  YEAR  ENDING  JU2.E  30,  1S84. 

OFKICK  Ol'  TUK  POSTMASTEU-GE^TEP.AL. 

Mail  depredations  and  post-office  inspectors,  including  amounts  neces- 
sary for  fees  to  United  States  marshals,  attorneys,  &c 8*22r>,  000  W 

Advertising r.O.OUO  00 

Miscellaneous  items  in  the  office  of  the  Postmaster-General ~,  000  00 

OFFICE   OP  THE   FIRST  ASSISTANT  rOSTJIASTER-GKNEUAL. 

Compensation  to  postmasters 10,  IIM.OOI  'in 

Clerks  in  post-offices 4,8r)0,0<.K)  00 

Letter-cairiers 3,  600,  OCM)  00 

Wrapping-paper -jri,  000  00 

■Wrapping-t\\  ine -''ij,  000  00 

Marking  and  rating  stamps -•'.  OCM)  00 

Letter  balances,  scales,  and  test-  weights 'Jfj,  000  00 

Rent,  fuel,  and  Ught 4r.0,000  00 

Office  furniture iW.tKK)  IM 

Stationery r,.',,0<.>n  00 

Ink  for  stamping  and  <anceling  ])urposcs 1<|, 000  IHi 

Pads  for  stamping  and  canceling  jmrposrs 10.000  00 

Miscellaneous  and  incidental  items 'JO,  0<.m)  0(I 

> 

OFFICE  OF  THE  SECOND  ASSISTANT  POSTMASTKK-dENII'.Al..  -•       .    ..  ;■ 

Inland  transportatio)i,  railroad  routes !•},  OiK»,  0<m.i  00 

Railway  ]»ost-otU(f  car  service l.C.'J«;,(XH»  00 

For  necessary  and  s|)ccial  I'arilitit^s  on  trunk  liiit's CdNt.iMMt  im) 

Inland  transportation,  stcanilmat  routes 70<», OtK)  on 

Inland  Transportation,  star  mutes .''i,  fRtO,  0«IO  M 

Kailway  ijosi-oilice  clorks ;!, '.'77, 1'iO  oo 

Mail-niosscngcr.s -.'.0,  OOo  <I0 

Maillocksand  keys '20.000  oo 

Mail-bags  and  mail-bag  cat <1i.ts -.-.'0. 000  00 

Miscellaneoira  items  in  (he  ollicf  of  tlic  Second  As-sintant  Postnuistrr- 

General I.UOO  oo 

OFFICE   OF   HIE   T1III;1>   ASSISIANT   P<  (ST.MASTER-tiKNK.RAI.. 

Postage  stamps I.U".  ^.K^|  i"' 

Expenses  of  agency '     S".  lou  oo 


826  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

Stamped  envelopes,  newspaper  wrappers,  and  letter  sheets $632, 000  00 

Expenses  of  agency Ifi,  000  00 

Postal  cards 253,000  00 

Expenses  of  agency 7, 300  00 

Regisfered-package,  post-office,  and  dead-letter  envelopes 140,000  00 

Ship,  steamboat,  and  way  letters 1,500  00 

Engraving,  printing,  and  binding  drafts  and  warrants 2,  000  00 

Miscellaneous  items  in  the  otHce  of  the  Third  Assistant  Postmaster-Gen- 
eral  ' ■-..  1,000  00 

OFFICE  OF  THE  SUPERIXTEXDENT  OF  FOREIGN  MAILS. 

Transportation  of  foreign  mails 350,000  00 

Balances  due  foreign  countries,  including  the  United  States'  portion  of 
the  exijenaes  of  the  International  Bureau  of  the  Universal  Postal 
Union  and  the  subscription  of  the  department  for  the  monthly  journal  < 

(L'Union  Postale)  of  that  bureau 60, 000  00 

Total 40,741,111  25 

Estimated  amount  which  will  be  provided  by  the  department  from  its 
own  revenues,  based  upon  an  annual  increase  of  10  per  cent,  on  the 
revenues  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1882 - 50,670,456  27 

Surplus  of  estimated  postal  revenue  over  estimated  expenditures 3, 929, 345  02 

Note. — The  postal  revenue,  estimated  at  an  annual  increase  of  10  per 
cent,  on  the  revenue  for  the  last  fiscal  year,  will,  for  the  year  ending 
June  30,  1884,  amount  to  $50,670,456.27,  or  $3,929,345.02  more  than  the 
estimated  expenditures  for  the  same  fiscal  year.  The  increase  of  receipts 
for  the  last  over  the  previous  fiscal  year  was  at  the  rate  of  13.8  per  cent. 
At  the  close  of  the  last  fiscal  year  there  remained  a  handsome  suri)lus 
of  receipts  over  expenditures,  and  the  receipts  are  now  increasing  at  a 
much  greater  rate  than  the  expenditures.  Hence  no  appropriation  will 
be  required  from  the  general  Treasury  to  aid  the  postal  revenue  imneet- 
ing  the  estimated  expenditures  for  the  coming  fiscal  year,  unless  there 
should  be  changes  in  the  rates  of  postage,  or  in  the  classification  of 
mail  matter,  injuriously  affecting  the  revenue.  A  deficiency  appropria- 
tion from  the  Treasury  of  $2,152,258  for  the  year  ending  June  30,  1882, 
remains  undrawn,  and  it  is  not  believed  that  it  will  be  necessary  to 
draw  any  portion  of  the  $1,902,177.90  appropriated  to  supply  deficien- 
cies in  the  postal  revenue  for  the  current  fiscal  year. 

T.  O.  HOWE, 
FostmaMer-  Qeneral. 

Office  of  the  Postmaster-General, 

November  1, 1882. 


REPORT   OF   THE   POSTMASTER-GEKERAL.  827 


PoST-OFFICE  DEPART:>rENT, 

Office  of  Third  Assistant  Postmastek-General, 

WuMhingtun,  ]>.  C,  Octobtr  li3,  1S83. 
Sir :  I  liave  the  houor  to  submit  beiewith,  for  your  cousideratiou,  a 
table  showing:  the  estimates  of  a])propriatious  required  for  the  service 
of  the  Post-Otlice  Dei)artment  for  the  liscal  year  eudinj;  June  30,  1SS4, 
jirepared  in  accordance  with  your  dire<ttions.  The  cemmuuieations  from 
the  several  otBcials  from  whose  estimates  the  table  was  compiled,  and 
explanatory  thereof,  will  also  be  found  herewith,  marked  from  A  to  F. 
V^erv  respectful Iv,  your  obedient  servant, 

A.  D.  UAZEX, 
Third  Assistant  Fosimuntei-Ueneral. 
Hon.  T.  O.  Howe, 

Postma^iter- General. 


A. 

PoSTOFFICE  DEPART^rENT, 

Offioe  of  Chief  Clerk  to  the  Postmaster-General, 

Washington,  D.  C,  October  18,  1S82. 

Sir:  In  compliance  with  your  request  of  October  2,  I  have  the  honor 
to  inform  you  that  the  following  are  the  estimates  of  a])propriatious 
necessary  for  the  office  of  the  Postmaster-General  for  the  fiscal  year 
ending  June  30,  1884,  viz: 

Mail  depreilations  and  post-office  iiisjitntois,  intludinjj  :iiiioiuit8  iiocrssary 

for  fees  to  United  States  marshals  and  attoruevs "-  fiifi,  OUO 

Advertising ". r^.lXK) 

Miscellaueous  items  in  the  office  of  tbe  Postmaster-Geueral "J,  wo 

Letter  of  tbe  chief  post-office  inspector  on  the  subject  is  hei-twith  in- 
closed. 

Very  respectfully, 

F.  H.  HOWE, 

(JhieJ  Clerk. 
Hon.  A.  D.  Hazen, 

Third  Assistant  Fostmaster-QmeraU 


828  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 

B. 

Pos'J'-Office  Depart:ment, 
Office  of  Chief  Post-Office  Inspector, 

Washimiton,  D.  C,  October  21,  1882. 

Sm:  ]  have  tlie  lionorto  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your  communi- 
cation of  the  ^(l  instant,  asking  that  you  be  furnished  with  an  estimate 
of  appropriation  for  mail  depredations  and  post-office  inspectors  for  the 
fiscal  year  ending  .lune.SO,  1884. 

The' force  of  inspectors  now  employed  upon  the  general  work  of  the 
inspection  of  post-offices,  correction  of  irregularities,  the  investigation  of 
all  depredations  on  the  mails,  assisting  the  contract  office  in  determin- 
ing and  arranging  post-routes,  and  other  miscellaneous  duties,  as  well 
as  those  detailed  to  the  money-order,  free-delivery,  and  railway  mail 
service,  are  rendering  most  important  and  valuable  aid  in  their  several 
branches.  Their  duties  are  continuous  and  arduous,  and  their  compen- 
sation should  be  increased. 

At  present  ten  inspectors  are  paid  $2,500  each  per  annum,  the  others 
not  exceeding  $1,600.  A  per  diem  allowance  not  exceeding  $5  is  made  to 
cover  expenses  incurred  while  actually  traveling  upon  official  business. 
This  allowance  covers  sleeping-carfares  andall  other  necessary  expenses, 
except  transportation,  and  is  now  based  upon  the  ascertained  require- 
ments of  the  diffjprent  sections  where  inspectors  are  located,  varying 
from  $3  minimum  to  $5  maximum  per  day.  From  this  it  will  be  seen 
that  inspectors  of  the  Post-Office  Department  are  not  now  paid  salaries 
equal  to  those  received  by  similar  officers  of  the  Treasury  and  other  de- 
partments. In  the  Treasury  Department  special  agents,  whose  duties 
are  analogous  to  those  of  the  post-office  inspectors,  receive  salaries 
varying  from  $2,190  to  $2,920  per  annum.  In  addition  to  this  compen- 
sation the  exi^enses  of  special  agents  of  the  Treasury  arc  paid  by  the 
department.  The  Indian  inspectors  of  the  Interior  Department  are 
paid  $3,000  each  per  annum,  and  their  expenses  also  are  paid  by  the 
government.  Nor  is  the  compensation  of  post-office  inspectors  as  large 
as  that  of  postmasters  and  assistant  postmasters  at  first  and  second 
class  post-offices,  to  instruct  whom  is  frequently  an  inspector's  duty. 

1  therefore  beg  to  recommend  that  the  appropriation  for  mail  depre- 
dations and  post-office  inspectors  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 
1884,  be  increased  to  $225,000,  and  that  legislation  be  suggested  as  fol- 
lows : 

The  Postmaster-General  may  graile  inspectors  appointed  by  liim  in  accordance  with 
section  4017  Revised  Statutes  in  the  following  manner:  Not  exceeding  tifteen  in  nnra- 
ber  shall  receive  !5;2,r)00each  Yieraimnui,  not  exceeding  lifreen  others  may  receive  $2,000 
each,  and  the  remainder  may  receive  not  exceeding  61,(500  each.  In  addition  to  this 
compensation  they  may  be  allowed  for  their  expenses  while  actually  traveling  upon 
otticial  business  such  an  amount  as  may  be  determined  Ity  the  Postmaster-General  as 
necessary  in  each  case,  not  exceeding  §5  per  diem,  payable  only  for  time  spent  away 
from  the  inspector's  residence  while  traveling  upon  the  business  of  the  department. 

I  am,  sir,  very  resi)ectfully, 

DA\^D  B.  PARKEPt, 

Chief  Inspector. 
Frank  H.  Howe,  Esq., 

Chief  Clerl:  to  the  Postma&ter-GeneraL 


REPORT    or    THE    POSTMASTER-GENEKAL. 


829 


0. 

Post-Office  Department, 
Office  of  First  Assistant  Postmaster -General, 

Washington,  D.  C,  October  23,  1882. 
Sir:  Agreeably  to  your  request,  I  submit  herewith  estiinat<;s  of  the 
appropriations  necessary  for  the  use  of  this  office  for  the  tiscal  year  end- 
ing June  30, 1884,  under  the  following  heads,  viz : 

For  compensation  to  postmasters §10, 134,  091  2.'> 

For  clerks  in  post-offices 4.8o0, 000  00 

For  free-delivery  service ;i,  600,  000  00 

For  rent,  fuel,  and  light 450,  000  00 

For  office  furniture :30,  000  W\ 

For  stationery  in  post-offices (■>,'),  000  00 

For  miscellaneous  and  incidental  items !»0,  000  00 

For  wrapping-paper 2o,  000  00 

For  wrapping-twino f)."),  000  00 

For  marking  and  rating  stamps *2r>,  000  00 

For  letter  balances  and  scales 25,  000  00 

Ink  for  stamping  and  canceling  purposes 10,  000  W 

Pads  for  stamping  and  canceling  purposes 10,  000  00 

Total  estimate 19,  3G9,  01»1  •-'.". 

or  $2,227,091.25  more  than  the  appropriation  for  the  current  year. 

compensation  to  postmasters. 

The  following  were  the  estimates,  appropriations,  and  expenditures 
for  this  item  for  the  past  two  fiscal  years  : 


1880-'81. 


1881-82. 


Inoreaae. 


Kstiraates 

Appropriations 
Expenditures.. 
Deficiency 


$7,  550, 000  00  $7, 800, 000  00 

7,  5<M),  000  00  7,  800,  000  00 

8,  298,  74'.'  79  j  8, 904,  e76  72 
798,  742  79  1, 164,  076  73 


Per  cent. 


8.02 
4^.81 


From  the  above  it  will  be  perceived  that  the  ex])eii<litiires  for  the  fis- 
cal year  ended  June  30, 1882,  exceeded  the  ap])roj)iiatiou  for  that  period 
in  the  sum  of  $1,104,676.72.  In  anticipation  of  a  large  deficiency,  Con- 
gress, at  its  last  session,  upon  the  recommendation  of  the  Postmaster- 
General,  appropriated  the  sum  of  $1,192,206.88,  or  so  nuich  thereof  as 
might  be  necessary,  to  meet  the  deficit  for  this  item  during  the  fiscal 
year.  The  deficiency  reported  by  tlie  Auditor  (5'1,164,(>7({,72)  is  not  so 
large  as  the  amount  appropriate*!  by  $27,030.66;  but  it  is  expected  that 
when  the  delayed  returns  from  postmasters  for  the  year  sluill  have  been 
received,  the  wliole  amount  api)roi)riated  by  Congress  will  bo  expiMuU'd. 
The  expenditures  for  the  past  fiscal  year  were  also  greater  than  those  of 
the  previous  year  in  the  sum  of  86<!.5,933.03,  or  8.()ii  percent. 

The  expenditures  for  the  past  year  also  rxce«'d  the  appropriation 
($8,800,000)  for  the  current  fiscal  year  by  !r<16t,(;76.72. 

From  the  foregoing  it  will  appear  that  a  \«>r\  much  larger  appropria- 
tion for  compensation  to  postmasters  should  be  made  for  the  next  fiscal 
year. 

It  has  been  ascerlained  that  the  compensation  of  postmasters  bears  a 
direct  relation  to  the  gross  receipts  of  the  departmcMt.     The  present  law 


830 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


regulating  the  compensation  of  postmasters  of  the  fourth  class  went  into 
operation  the  21st  July,  1878. 

During  the  first  fiscal  year  of  the  change,  ended  June  30, 1879,  it  re- 
quired 23.9  per  cent,  of  the  gross  receipts  to  pay  the  compensation  of 
postmasters. 

During  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1880,  23.1  per  cent,  was  re- 
quired; for  the  year  ended  June  30,  1881,  22.5  per  cent,  was  required; 
and  for  the  year  ended  June  30, 1882, 21.4  per  cent,  was  necessary. 

It  will  thus  be  seen  that  the  decrease  in  percentage  of  compensation 
to  postmasters  to  the  gross  receipts  has  been  a  steady  one ;  and  this  is 
only  natural,  since  the  great  bulk  of  the  receipts  is  collected  at  the 
larger  offices,  where  the  salaries  are  fixed  by  law.  The  receipts  for  the 
fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1884,  based  on  an  increase  of  10  per  cent, 
upon  the  last  fiscal  year,  have  been  estimated  at  $50,070,456.27.  It  is 
believed  that  not  more  than  20  per  cent,  of  this  amount  will  be  required 
to  pay  postmasters  for  the  next  fiscal  year.  Upon  this  basis  it  is  esti- 
mated that  $10,134,091.25  will  be  necessary  for  the  compensation  of 
postmasters  for  the  year  ending  June  30, 1884.  This  amount  wiU  be 
$1,334,091.25  greater  than  the  amount  ($8,800,000)  appropriated  for  the 
present  fiscal  year,  or  an  increase  of  15.16  per  cent. 

An  essential  element  in  the  above  estimate  is  the  increase  under  the 
biennial  readjustment  of  July  1st  last  in  the  salaries  of  jDostmasters  at 
first,  second,  and  third  class  ofi&ces,  amounting  to  $563,400  more  than 
was  paid  last  year. 

CLERKS  IN  POST-OFFICES. 


The  estimates,  appropriations,  and  expenditures  for  this  pui^pose  for 
the  past  two  fiscal  years  were  as  follows : 


1880-'81. 


1881-'82. 


Increase. 


Estimates 

Appropriations 
Expenditures.. 


$3,  650,  000  00 
3,  680,  000  00 
3,  676,  756  22 


$3,  850,  000  00 

;   3, 850,  000  00 

[       100, 000  00 

3,  908, 396  60 


Per  cent 


7.33 
6.30 


The  appropriation  of  $3,850,000  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30, 
1882,  was  found,  after  six  months  of  the  year  had  expired,  to  be  in- 
adequate for  the  necessities  of  the  service,  and  upon  the  recommen- 
dation of  the  Postmaster-General  an  additional  $100,000  for  the  year 
was  appropriated  by  Congress  on  the  6th  of  March  last  for  this  item, 
making  the  whole  amount  $3,950,000.  This  appropriation  was  $270,000, 
or  7.33  per  cent,  greater  than  for  the  previous  year.  The  appropriation 
for  the  present  fiscal  year  is  $4,385,000. 

The  expenditures  for  the  last  fiscal  year  amounted  to  $3,908,396.60, 
or  $41,603.40  less  than  the  appropriation.  In  no  other  fiscal  year  have 
the  requests  for  additional  allowances  for  clerical  service  and  separating 
mails  in  post-offices  been  so  numerous  or  so  lu-gent  as  the  past.  These 
requests  have  been  made  by  postmasters  in  all  sections  of  the  country, 
but  they  have  been  especially  necessary  in  the  rapidly  growing  portions 
of  the  West  and  Southwest.  Postmasters  at  many  of  the  principal 
cities  in  the  older  States  have  also  applied  for  additional  allowances  for 
clerk-hire,  in  consequence  of  the  great  increase  of  the  business  of  their 
offices  from  registered  matter,  merchandise  passing  through  the  mails. 


REPORT   OP   THE   POSTMASTER-GENERAL 


831 


and  from  other  causes.  After  the  passage  of  the  act  grantiog  $100,000 
additional  for  this  purpose  for  the  past  fiscal  year,  I  found  myself  some- 
what embarrassed,  owing  to  many  deserving  applications,  in  making  a 
proper  disposition  of  it.- 

The  commission  referred  to  in  my  report  to  the  Postmaster-General 
was  determined  upon  as  a  measure  of  relief,  as  well  as  with  a  view  to 
the  better  organization  of  the  service  in  several  of  the  large  cities.  The 
adoption  of  their  recommendations  resulted  in  a  considerable  saving  of 
funds,  and  furnished  a  better  basis  for  making  future  allowances  at  the 
ofi&ces  visited.  This  did  not  afford  sufficient  relief,  however,  nor  have 
I  yet  been  able,  with  the  appropriation  at  my  command,  to  grant  all  the 
requests  from  the  South  and  West,  which  are  equally  urgent,  though 
the  revenue  derived  from  these  offices  is  not  so  largo  as  from  many  in 
the  Xorth  and  East;,  nor  is  it  in  numerous  instances  at  all  in  proportion 
to  the  great  amount  of  labor  required. 

I  have  therefore  estimated  the  amount  necessary  to  be  appropriated 
for  clerks  in  post-offices  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1884,  at 
$4,850,000,  which  is  $465,000,  or  lO.G  per  cent.,  greater  than  the  appro- 
priation for  the  current  year.  I  consider  this  amount  absolutely  requi- 
site to  meet  the  rapidly  increasing  and  important  requests  of  this  char- 
acter which  are  constantly  being  received,  and  are  made  necessary  by 
the  remarkable  expansion  of  postal  business*  in  all  sections  of  the 
country. 

FREE-DELrVTEEY  SERVICE. 

The  following  were  the  estimates,  appropriations,  and  expenditures 
for  this  service,  and  the  incidental  expenses  thereof,  during  the  two 
past  fiscal  years : 


1880-'81. 


1881-'8S. 


IncresM. 


Estimates 

Appropriations 
Expenditures.. 


(2, 500, 000  00 
2,  500,  000  00 
2, 409, 911  64 


$2, 700, 000  00 

;  2.  600,  000  00 

I    25, 000  00 

2, 623, 2C2  74 


Vtr  tent. 


5 

4.i» 


This  system  was  in  operation  on  the  30th  of  June  last  in  112  of  the 
I^rincipal  cities  of  the  country,  and  employed  3,115  carriers.  It  has  been 
extended  to  25  other  cities  since  that  date. 

The  regular  appropriation  of  $2,600,000  for  the  past  fiscal  year  was 
increased  in  the  sum  of  $25,000,  to  meet  an  anticipated  deficiency,  making 
$2,625,000  for  the  period,  and  an  increase  of  $125,000,  or  5  i)or  cent.,  over 
that  of  the  previous  year.  The  expenditures  were  $2,623,262.74  for  the 
fiscal  year,  or  $1,737,26  less  than  the  appropriation.  The  cost  of  the 
service  wius  increased  $123,351.20  over  that  of  the  preceding  year,  i>rin- 
cipally  owing  to  the  appointment  of  additional  carriers  in  cities  where 
the  service  was  already  in  operation.  The  service  was  extended  to  only 
three  cities  during  the  year. 

The  postage  on  local  matter  for  the  year  was  $3,810,576.00,  an  increase 
of  $542,945.70  for  the  year.  The  average  cost  per  piece  for  handling 
matter  was  2.3  mills,  a  decrease  of  0.1  mill  as  comi)ared  with  the  last 
year.    The  average  cost  per  carrier  was  $835.75,  a  decrease  of  $37.70. 

The  appropriation  for  the  present  fiscal  year  is  $3,200,000,  of  which 
amount.  $200,000  .was.approi^riated.by  tho^terms  of.  the  act  of  August 


832 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    TTIE 


ii,  1882,  which  hiw  requires  the  promotion  of  caniers  to  the  next  higher 
grade  after  one  year's  service. 

For  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1884,  it  is  estimated  that  an  ap- 
propriation of  $3,000,000  will  be  required  in  order  that  free  deliverj'  may 
be  extended  to  other  cities  i>osse8sing  the  necessary  qualifications,  either 
of  population  (20,000)  or  of  gross  revenue  ($20,000)  from  the  post-office; 
that  provision  may  be  made  for  the  development  of  tlie  service  where 
it  already  exists,  and  that  the  pay  of  certain  carriers  may  be  increased 
under  the  provisions  of  the  law  above  mentioned. 

The  increase  of  estimate  is  $400,000,  or  12  per  cent,  more  than  tlic 
amount  appropriated  for  the  current  year. 

A  detailed  explanation  of  the  expenses  of  this  service,  as  well  as  of 
its  popularity  and  usefulness,  will  be  found  in  my  annual  report  to  the 
Postmaster  Ueneral. 

RENT,  LIGHT,  AND  FUEL. 

The  estimates,  appropriations,  and  expenditures  for  this  item  for  the 
two  last  fiscal  years  were  as  follows : 


1880-'81. 


1881-82. 


Increase. 
Per  cent 


Estimates 

Appropriations 
Eipenaitnres.. 


$450, 000  00 
425,  000  00 
382,  714  86 


$500,  000  00 
425,000  00 
401,978  04 


5.03 


The  estimate  for  these  items  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 1884, 
is  $450,000,  the  same  as  the  appropriation  for  the  current  year,  and  it 
exceeds  the  expenditures  for  the  past  year  in  the  sum  of  $48,021.96, 
or  11.94  i)er  cent.  By  law  allowances  of  this  character  are  made  only 
at  oflices  of  the  first  and  second  classes,  or  where  the  salaries  of  the 
postmasters  are  $2,000  and  upM^ards  per  annum,  and  they  are  usually 
based  upon  the  amounts  received  at  the  different  offices  from  box-rents 
and  the  commissions  upon  the  sales  of  stamps.  The  increase  in  these 
allowances  during  the  past  fiscal  year  over  that  of  the  preceding  one 
was  $19,263.18,  or  5.03  per  cent.  Of  the  whole  amount  expended,  about 
$305,000  was  for  rent  of  buildings  for  post-offices. 

It  has  been  my  endeavor  during  the  time  I  have  been  in  the  depart- 
ment to  secure  for  use,  when  permitted  to  do  so  by  the  postal  laws,  a 
better  class  of  buildings  in  the  different  cities  for  jiost-offices  than  hav^e 
heretofore  been  occupied,  and  my  efforts  have  been  attended  with  con- 
siderable success  in  many  places.  Still  further  improvements  can  be 
made  and  advantages  secured  in  this  particular,  as  the  inhabitants  of 
the  larger  cities  (where  government  buildings  do  not  exist)  have  become 
aware  of  the  importance  of  a  well-built  and  well-finished  structure  for 
postal  business.  With  this  object  in  view  I  consider  that  an  appropria- 
tion of  $450,000  would  not  be  excessive  for  these  items. 

I  am  also  of  the  ox)inion  that  some  provision  should  be  made  by  Con- 
gress by  which  postmasters  of  the  third  class,  whose  salaries  are  $1,000 
and  less  than  $2,000  per  annum,  should,  to  a  certain  extent,  be  relieved 
from  the  payment  of  the  rent  of  their  offices  out  of  their  salaries.  Con- 
sidering that  the  revenues  of  the  department  for  the  past  fiscal  year 
exceeded  the  expenditures,  it  seems  to  me  that  liberality  could  be  ob- 
served in  this  direction. 


REPORT    OF    THE    POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 
OFFICE  FUENITUrE. 


833 


The  estimates,  approjuiations,  aud  expenditures  for  this  purpose  for 
the  past  two  years  were  as  follows : 


1880-'81. 

1881-'82. 

Increaae. 

$20,000  00 
20, 000  00 
19. 206  87 

$25,000  00 
20  000  00 

Per  cent. 

20  716  6*              '!»-■; 

The  appropriation  for  this  item  for  the  present  fiscal  year  is  $20,000, 
or  the  same  as  for  the  previous  year,  and,  in  my  judfjment,  is  entirely 
too  small  for  the  purpose.  The  postal  affairs  of  the  country  cannot  he 
properly  and  expeditiously  conducted  unless  the  offices  are  furnished 
with  suitable  facilities  in  the  way  of  furniture,  such  as  tables  for  as- 
sorting the  mails,  desks  for  writiug,  racks  for  lianging  the  mail-bags, 
and  many  other  articles  which  are  absolutely  necessary  for  the  proper 
transaction  of  business.  I  regret  to  say  that  within  my  own  knowl- 
edge there  are  many  post-offices  so  ill-provided  in  these  respects  that 
it  is  a  soni«ie  of  unfavorable  comment  by  their  patrons  upon  the  de- 
partmental management.  ]\Iaiiy  postmasters  have  been  compelled  to 
provide  articles  of  furniture  at  their  own  expense,  and  assume  the  risk; 
of  disposing  of  them  to  their  successors.  Especially  is  this  the  case  iu 
the  matter  of  safes,  which  are  indispensable  in  all  of  the  larger  offices. 
l)uring  the  past  year  the  ai)plications  of  postmasters  to  have  offices 
supplied  with  them  have  been  more  numerous  than  ever  before.  Con- 
sidering that  it  was,  to  a  certain  extent,  both  economical  and  proper  to 
provide  safes  for  many  of  tlio  important  offices  where  much  registered 
matter  is  sent  for  distribution  to  other  points,  I  have  made  quite  a 
number  of  allowancM^'s  for  that  purpose  during  the  year,  aud  the  bills 
for  such  items  having  beeu  ])resented  earlier  than  was  anticipate<l,  a 
deticiency  of  ."i^TlO.Gi  has  thereby  been  created.  I  have  estimated  the 
amount  requisite  for  this  item  for  the  liscal  year  ending  June  30,  18S4, 
at  $30,000,  an  increase  of  50  per  cent,  over  the  appropriation  for  the 
present  year,  and  firmly  believe  the  public  interests  require  it. 

STATIONERY   IN  POST-OFFICES. 

The  following  were  the  estimates,  appropriations,  and  expenditures 
for  this  item  for  the  past  two  fiscal  years  : 


Estimates 

ApprupriatioD!) 
Expenctitores.. 


1880-81. 


1881-'82. 


$SO,000  00 
50,000  00 
49, 23^  45 


$00,000  00 
50.  000  00 
56,517  2« 


InCTMW. 


Fw  e#nt 


14 


The  appropriation  for  stationery  for  the  current  fiscal  year  is  $55,000, 
which  is  $5,000,  or  10  per  cent.,  nu)re  than  was  granted  for  cither  of  the 
two  previous  years,  whik>  the  expenditures  for  the  year  18(Sl-.Sli  ex- 
celled the  aj)piopriation  for  this  item,  for  the  same  iH*riod,  in  the  sum 
of  $0,517,158,  thereby  causing  a  deficiency  for  the  year  of  tliat  amount. 

63  Ab 


834 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


The  expenditures  for  the  past  year  were  greater  than  those  of  the  pre- 
vious year  by  $7,278.83,  or  14  per  cent. 

I  much  regret  that  a  deficiency  should  have  occurred  for  stationery 
during  the  past  year.  The  causes  were  that  no  increase  was  made  in 
the  approj)riation  for  this  item  for  the  year,  although  an  estimate  for 
$10,000  additional  was  mnde;  that  the  requests  for  the  articles  used 
under  this  item  are  becoming  more  numerous  and  urgent  each  year, 
and  in  the  same  degree  in  which  the  postal  business  is  augmented;  and 
further,  that  by  the  regulations  of  the  department,  postmasters  at  first 
and  second  class  offices  (the  only  ones  who  are  entitled  to  allowances 
for  these  items)  are  permitted  to  i)urchase  the  necessary  stationery 
without  making  application  to  the  department  for  the  same.  The  sta- 
tionery used  by  many  post-office  inspectors  and  railway  mail  service 
superintendents  has  also  been  paid  for  out  of  this  item. 

It  is  the  first  time  that  a  deficiency  in  this  appropriation  has  occurred 
in  several  years,  and  it  could  have  been  avoided  if  the  returns  of  the 
postmasters  to  the  Auditor  were  readily  accessible  at  the  end  of  each 
quarter.  The  estimate  for  this  item  for  the  next  fiscal  year  has  been 
placed  at  $05,000,  an  increase  of  $10,000,  or  18  per  cent.,  over  that  of 
the  current  year,  and  I  know  of  no  good  reason  why  that  appropriation 
should  not  be  made. 

MISCELLANEOUS  AND  INCIDENTAL  ITEMS. 

The  following  were  the  estimates,  appropriations,  and  expenditures 
for  these  items  during  the  two  past  fiscal  years: 


1880-'81. 


1881-'82. 


Increase.  Decrease. 


Estimates 

Appropriations 
Expenditures . . 


$90,  000  00 
85.  000  00 
80,  989  15 


Per  cent.  \  Per  cent 
$100, 000  00 

90,000  00  I  5.88 

68,594  76  I I         15.30 


The  appropriation  for  the  present  fiscal  year  is  $90,000,  or  the  same 
as  for  the  last  year,  and  is  but  $5,000,  or  5.88  per  cent.,  greater  than 
that  for  the  year  ended  June  30,  1881.  It  will  be  perceived  that  the 
expenditures  for  the  past  fiscal  year  were  $12,394.39,  or  15.30  per  cent., 
less  than  for  the  year  previous.  This  was  mainly  due  to  the  fact  that 
the  expenses  for  the  miscellaneous  and  incidental  items  of  the  rail- 
way mail  service,  heretofore  charged  to  this  office,  were,  during  the 
last  half  of  that  fiscal  year,  transferred  to  the  accounts  of  the  Second 
Assistant  Postmaster-General's  office,  in  the  absence  of  any  specific 
appropriation  therefor.  Nevertheless  I  do  not  anticipate  that  the  ex- 
penditures for  these  items  will  again  be  as  low  as  they  were  during  the 
past  year. 

The  same  necessity  exists  as  heretofore  for  the  rental  of  telephones, 
for  telegraphic  communications,  and  the  many  other  expenses  incidental 
to  the  proper  dispatch  of  business  in  post-offices,  and  must  necessarily 
increase  in  proportion  as  the  country  expands  and  the  postal  business 
increases.  Post-offices  cannot  be  successfully  conducted  without  the 
numerous  little  appliances  to  facilitate  business  which  are  ordinarily 
seen  in  other  large  public  and  private  establishments;  and  I  have 
therefore  estimated  the  amount  necessary  for  these  items  for  the  next 
fiscal  year  at  $90,000,  or  the  same  as  appropriated  for  the  present  year. 


REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 


835 


BLANK  AGENCY. 

Some  time  prior  to  my  report  of  last  year  this  division  of  the  depart- 
ment was  detached  from  this  bureau  and  assigned  by  the  Postma.ster- 
General  to  his  oflice;  hence  no  estimates  were  then  prepared  bj'  me  for 
its  appropriations. 

The  division  ha^ing  been  since  restored  to  the  oflice  of  the  First  As- 
sistant Postmaster-General,  the  estimates  for  its  service  are  again  sub- 
mitted by  that  officer. 

WRAPPING-PAPER. 

The  estimates,  appropriations,  and  expenditures  for  this  article  for  the 
two  past  fiscal  years  were  as  follows : 


Estimates 

Appropriations 
Erpenditures.. 


1880-'81. 


1881-'i*2. 


Increaoe.  D«oreai>^. 


Per  cent  \  Per  cent 
$20,000  00  I  $20,000  00    ...., ! 

20.000  00,1       2Moooo!|        2,1 

24,900  00  I  ia,9:i3  59    19.70 


The  appropriation  for  this  item  for  the  current  fiscal  year  is  $22,000, 
or  10  per  cent,  over  the  expenditures  of  the  last  year. 

In  anticipation  of  a  deficiency  for  this  article  during  the  i)ast  year, 
an  additional  appropriation  of  85,000  was  asked  for.  It  was  not  given, 
however,  until  very  late  in  the  session  (August  5, 1882),  and  consequently 
was  not  available  during  the  fiscal  year.  It  will  be  observed  that  the 
expenditures  for  the  fiscal  year  1880-'81  were  $1,000.51  greater  than  for 
the  last  year,  which  was  owing  to  the  greater  demand  by  postmasters 
for  wrapping-paper,  and  a  higher  contract  i)rice  for  the  article. 

To  meet  the  possible  increase  in  the  i)rice  of  wrapping-paper,  and  to 
provide  for  the  additional  deniand,  esi>ecially  for  i)r()porly  preparing 
packages  of  registered  matter  and  merchandise  for  mailing,  I  have  esti- 
mated the  ai)propriation  requisite  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  .June  30, 
1884,  at  $25,000,  or  the  same  as  the  total  amount  granted  last  year,  and 
an  increase  of  13.03  i)er  cent,  over  the  inesent  api)ropriation. 


WRAPPING-TWINE. 


The  following  were  the  estimates,  appropriations,  and  cxpiyuliturca 
for  this  item  during  the  two  past  fiscal  years: 


EMimatcs 

Appropriations. 
Expondiiiiit«... 


1880-'81. 


$.in,  000  00 
r..'i,  WK)  00 
£4,  GU3  3S 


1861-82. 


t.U,  000  00 
6.-..  (100  00 
62,  TVt  04 


D«creM«. 


Per  etnL 


37.64 


The  appropriation  for  the  i)resent  fiscal  year  is  $55,000,  or  the  same 
as  for  the  i)r('ceding  year.  It  is  also  an  iiu-rease  of  4.25  i)er  cent,  over 
the  expendilnres  for  this  article  for  t]u>,  last  fiscal  year.  It  will  be  noticed 
that  th<'  expenditures  for  the  year  ended  June  30,  1S.S1,  were  !if3I,84S.74, 
or  00.37  i)er  <'.ent.  iu  excess  of  those  for  tl'e  past  year.  This  was  mainly 
due  to  the  high  contract  price  of  the  article  as  compared  with  previous 
years.  Hence  it  will  be  seen  that  an  estimatt;  cannot  easily  1h^  made, 
for  a  commodity  which  is  so  liable  to  lluetuate  iji  value,  but  1  mibmit 
the  same  estimate  for  the  year  ending  June  30, 1884,  as  for  the  last  year, 


836  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

*.j5,()00,  iu  the  liopc  tliat  it  will  ho,  sndieient  to  covor  all  contingencies. 
Tliis  iiiiiountis  tlic  same  as  the  ai)])ropriatioii  for  the  present  year. 

makkinCt  and  hating  stamps. 

The  estimates,  appropriations,  and  expenditures  for  these  articles  for 
the  past  two  fiscal  years  were  as  follows: 


ICstJniatos 

Appiopi-iatious. 
Expendimres... 


1880-'81. 


1831-'82.        Increase. 


$15,000  00 
13,  500  00 
13, 499  50 


$15,  000  00 
15,  000  00 
14, 144  30 


$1,  500  00 
644  80 


The  appropriation  for  these  items  for  the  current  fiscal  year  is  the 
same  as  for  the  last  one,  $15,000,  and  exceeds  the  expenditures  for  the 
past  year  in  the  sum  of  only  $855.70. 

The  expenditures  for  the  fiscal  year  just  closed  Avere  but  $644.80 
greater  than  those  for  the  year  previous.  It  will  therefore  be  perceived 
that  the  reeent  appropriations  for  the  above  articles  have  not  been  at 
all  extravagant. 

I  have  estimated  the  appropriation  necessary  for  these  items  for  the 
fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1884,  at  $25,000,  an  increase  of  $10,000,  or 
66f  per  cent.,  over  that  for  the  present  year ;  and  have  done  so  for  the 
following  reasons: 

By  the  postal  regulations  it  is  necessary  that  the  gross  receipts  of  a 
post-office  should  be  $50  per  annum  to  entitle  it  to  receive  a  letter  bal- 
ance and  a  marking  and  rating  stamp  at  the  expense  of  the  department. 
This  regulation  has  been  productive  of  much  inconvenience  both  to  th.e 
postmaster  and  the  public,  and  has  undoubtedly  been  the  cause  of  con- 
siderable loss  of  revenue  to  the  department,  from  the  failure  of  the 
postmaster  to  properly  weigh,  rate  up,  and  cancel  the  postage-stamps 
upon  the  mailable  matter  deposited  in  his  office.  The  number  of  post- 
offices  so  deprived  of  these  facilities  for  postal  business  is  estimated  at 
10,000,  and  at  these  offices  such  stamps  as  are  used  have  been  paid  for 
by  the  postmaster. 

The  Postmaster-General  having  called  the  attention  of  Congress  to 
.this  matter,  an  appropriation  of  $35,000  was  made  at  the  last  session 
for  the  purpose  of  partially  remedying  it,  and  already  under  the  law 
about  8i0  fourth-class  offices  have  been  supplied  "with  the  necessary 
implements  for  canceling  stamps  and  weighing  and  postmarking  mail 
matter,"  the  limit  being  the  value  of  $5  to  each  office.  Itemized,  this 
expense  is  about  as  follows: 

Scales §2  80 

Stamp 70 

Pad J...        GO 

Ink 40 


Total 4  59 

The  above  appropriation  for  this  purpose  will  therefore  supply  about 
7,000  post-offices,  and  it  is  with  a  view  of  furnishing  the  remaining  3,000 
with  these  implements,  and  also  supplying  all  new  offices  with  these 
materials,  that  the  increase  of  $10,000  is  in  part  asked  for.  Postmas- 
ters at  many  of  the  larger  offices  also  frequently  request  to  be  furnished 
^vith  new  marking  and  rating  stamps,  in  consequence  of  the  old  ones 
;having  become  damaged  or  inaccurate.  Ordinarily  these  stamps  have 
Jto  be  renewed  in  all  offices  after  from  two  to  four  years'  use. 


REPORT    OF    THE    POSTMASTER-GENERAL.  837 

The  following  were  the  estimates,  ap])ropriations,  and  expenditures 
for  these  items  for  tlie  two  past  fiscal  years  : 


Tstitnatcfl 

Appropriations. 
Kxpenditures... 


1880-'81. 


$10. 000  00 
8,000  00 
7,997  80 


1881-'82.         Increase. 


Per  cent 
lO.OOO'lX)  ,  25.03 


$10,000  00 

10, 000  00         2:>.  00 


Tbe  appropriation  for  these  articles  for  the  current  fiscal  year  is 
$lo,000,  or  50  per  cent,  more  than  for  the  previous  one,  and  it  is  like- 
wise 50  per  cent,  more  than  the  expenditures  for  the  past  year,  which 
exceeded  those  of  the  fiscal  year  1880-'81  in  the  sum  of  $2,002.20,  or 
25.03  per  cent. 

In  my  remarks  above  in  connection  with  a  largely  increased  estimate 
for  the  articles  of  marking  and  rating  stamps,  I  have  substantially  as- 
signed reasons  why  a  much  larger  ai)i>i-opriation  should  also  be  made 
for  letter-balances,  scales,  and  test- weights.  I  therefore  consider  further 
explanation  unnecessary  for  submitting  an  estimate  of  825,000  for  these 
items.  This  is  an  increase  of  $10,000,  or  06»j  per  cent.,  over  the  present 
appropriation,  and,  in  my  opinion,  is  fully  justified  by  the  benefit  ex- 
pected to  be  conferred  upon  the  department  if  it  shall  be  given. 

INK  FOE  STAMPING  AND  CANCELING  PV EPOSES. 

This  item  has  not  been  before  included  in  the  regular  estimates. 

In  pursuance  of  the  policy  adopted  at  the  last  session  of  Congress 
with  reference  to  fourth-class  offices,  alluded  to  above  in  my  estimate 
for  marking  and  rating  stamps,  I  am  of  the  opinion  that  it  should  here- 
after be  annually  mentioned  as  necessary.  In  order,  therefore,  that  i)ost- 
offices  now  denied  this  article  at  departmental  expense  may  be  supi>lied 
therewith,  I  have  to  suggest  that  $10,000  be  asked  for  this  item  for  the 
next  fiscal  year. 

In  this  connection  I  desire  to  say,  that  of  the  many  articles  u.sed  by 
postmasters  in  the  transaction  of  their  business,  none  is  of  c<un])ara- 
tively  more  value  in  its  relations  to  the  revenue  of  the  depiu-tment  than 
ink  for  stami)ing  and  canceling  purjKtses.  Unless  it  is  of  suj>erior 
<luaUty,  and  uniformly  used,  many  iru'gularities  must  occur  in  postal 
matters,  and  the  proceeds  of  the  sales  of  many  stamps  must  be  neutral- 
ized by  their  imiH'rfect  cancellation.  1  am  aware  that  the  matter  of 
procuring  an  ink  suitable  in  color,  and  at  the  same  time  indelible,  an<l 
furnishing  it  without  expenye  to  all  postma^stcrs  for  use  in  their  postal 
business,  has  been  many  times  under  consideration  by  the  department. 
Postmasters  at  first  and  second  class  offices  have  found  it  absolutely 
necessary  to  u.so  the  lK\st  f|uality  of  ink  they  could  procure,  and  their 
returns  for  the  exjjense  of  the  same  have  been  made  and  allowed  in 
their  quarterly  accounts.  Postmasters  at  many  other  offices  have  been 
in  the  habit  of  lurnishing,  at  their  own  expense,  stamping  ink  of  various 
colors  and  grades,  whicii  in  many  instances  have  not  proved  at.  all  suit- 
able for  the  ]>urpose.  Un<ler  these  circumstances  I  consider  that  if 
Congress  would  give  its  attention  to  this  matter,  ami  authorise  the  Post- 
raaster-{Teiieral  to  «'\peud  a  suitable  auionnt  of  money  for  the  purchase 
of  a  proper  ink  for  canceling  piuposor>,  to  be  used  iu  all  post-offices,  .such 


838  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

action  would  bo  of  inestimable  benefit  to  the  department.    I  hope  that 
you  will  take  occasion  to  rocoinuiend  that  this  be  done. 

PADS  FOR  STAMPING  AND   CANCELING  PURPOSES^. 

This  item  has  not  before  been  estimated  for  in  the  nsual  manner.  The 
provision  made  for  their  i)urchase  at  fourth-class  offices,  referred  to 
under  the  head  of  marking  and  rating  stamps,  necessitates  an  estimate 
for  them  for  the  next  fiscal  year.  I  suggest  that  $10,000  be  appro- 
priated for  these  articles,  as  they  are  a  necessary  accompaniment 
wherever  stamping  ink  is  used  for  canceling  purposes. 

DEPARTMENTAL  PRINTING,  BINDING,  ETC. 

The  estimate  for  this  item  for  the  next  fiscal  year  has  been  prepared 
in  this  office,  and  forwarded  by  the  Postmaster-General  to  the  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury,  in  accordance  with  the  previous  i^ractice. 

DEPARTIMENTAL  STATIONERY. 

The  estimate  for  this  item  has  been  prepared,  and  will  be  addressed, 
according  to  custom,  to  the  Postmasfer-General,  who  will  include  it  in 
the  statement  to  be  submitted  by  him  relative  to  estimates  for  other 
departmental  expenses  for  the  next  fiscal  year. 

The  aggregate  of  the  above  estimate  is,  as  before  stated,  $19,369,091.25, 
which  is  $2,227,091.25,  or  12.99  per  cent.,  more  than  the  appropriations 
for  the  current  fiscal  year. 

A  tabular  statement,  marked  E,  will  be  found  appended  to  these  esti- 
mates, giving  further  information  in  regard  to  them. 

SUMjMARY. 

Estimate  for  1881-'82,  $15,135,000. 

Estimate  for  1882-'83,  $10,777,000;  increase,  $1,642,000,  or  10.80  per 
cent. 

Estimate  for  1883-'84,  $19,369,091.25;  increase,  $2,592,091.25,  or  15.45 
per  cent. 

Appropriation  for  1881-'82,  $16,257,206.88. 

Appropriations  for  1882-'83,  $17,142,000;  increase,  $884,793.12,  or  5.44 
per  cent. 
"  Expenditures  for  1880-'81,  $15,138,650.66. 

Expenditures  for  1881-'82,  $16,141,035.31;  increase,  $1,002,384.05,  or 
6.62  per  cent. 

In  closing  the  above  statement,  it  is  proper  to  say  that  unless  the 
original  appropriations  for  the  j)ast  fiscal  year  had  l3eeu,  in  some  in- 
stances, considerably  increased  by  subsequent  legislation  during  the 
last  session  of  Congress,  the  postal  business,  so  far  as  the  allowances 
of  this  bureau  for  the  service  are  concerned,  could  not  have  been  con 
ducted  so  satisfactorily  as  it  has  been.  I  hope  that  an  equally  liberal 
spirit  will  be  manifested  by  Congress  in  the  consideration  of  the  present 
estimates,  and  that  there  will  be  no  hesitation  among  the  members  of 
that  body  in  doing  ail  that  seems  reasonable  and  proper  to  aid  in  pro- 
moting the  etlicieucy  of  the  postal  service  by  granting  the  eularged 
appropriation  asked  for. 
Yery  respectfully, 

FRANK  HATTON, 
FirsUAssistant  Postmaster- General. 
Hon.  T.  O.  Howe, 
Postmaiit&rji.GsimJil. 


SEPOST   OP   THE   POSTMASTER-GENEHAL. 


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840  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   TlfK 

D. 

PostOffice  Department, 
Office  of  the  Second  Assistant  Postmaster-General, 

Washwgton,  IK  C,  October  18,  1882. 
Sir  :  I  beg  leave  to  submit  estimates  of  amounts  required  for  the 
trauspOrtation  of  mails  and  items  incident  thereto  for  the  fiscal  year 
ending  June  30, 1884,  in  answer  to  your  note  of  the  2d  instant. 

•  star  service. 

The  cost  of  star  service  for  the  year  ending  30th  June,  1882,  was 
$5,553,849,  which  is  $1,403,506  less  than  the  cost  on  the  30th  June, 
1881,  being'  a  reduction  of  more  than  20  per  cent. 

The  reletting  of  the  service  in  the  Pacific  section  for  the  contract  term 
commencing  July  1,  1882,  has  resulted  in  a  very  large  reduction  in  the 
cost  of  this  service  comY>are<l  with  the  cost  on  June  30, 1882,  sufficient, 
in  the  opinion  of  this  office,  to  cover  the  cost  of  a  liberal  service  on 
star  routes  for  the  present  year  and  also  for  the  ensuing  year.  The 
estimate  for  this  item  for  1884  is  set  down  at  $5,500,000. 

steA]mboat  service. 

The  cost  of  the  steamboat  service  on  the  30th  June,  1882,  was  $574,019, 
a  decrease  compared  with  the  cost  for  the  previous  year  of  $179,148. 
The  requirements  of  the  public  may  involve  additional  steamboat 
service,  and  it  is  deemed  expedient  to  estimate  the  cost  for  1884  at 
$700,000. 

mail-messenger  service. 

The  cost  of  mail-messenger  service  for  the  year  ending  June  30, 1882, 
was  $724,207,  or  equivalent  to  $7.20  for  every  mile  of  railroad  service. 
Upon  the  same  basis  the  cost  for  1884  will  be  $850,000,  and  the  estimate 
is  placed  at  this  sum. 

RAILROAD   service. 

The  cost  of  railroad  transportation  on  the  30th  of  June,  1882,  (audited 
statement),  was  $10,248,515,  and  new  service  remaining  unjiaid  at  the 
same  date  amounted  to  3,464  miles,  which  will  probably  involve  an 
additional  expenditure  of  $125,000,  making  tlie  total  cost  about 
$  10,373,515,  which  is  $830,360  more  than  the  cost  to  June  30, 1881.  The 
increase  in  the  mileage  and  rates  of  pay  for  the  current  fiscal  year  is 
not  estimated  for  at  as  great  a  rate  of  increase  as  is  shown  between 
1882  and  1881,  for  reasons  that  were  explained  in  the  last  annual 
report,  hence  the  appropriation  for  the  present  year  is  fixed  at 
$11,130,000.  The  reasons  which  formed  the  basis  of  that  appropriation 
will  not  apply  for  the  ensuing  year,  consequently  the  estimated  rate  of 
increase  is  somewhat  greater.  The  appropriation  for  1883,  $11,130,000, 
is  accepteil  as  the  sum  nearest  to  that  which  will  be  needed  for  1884, 
and  $870,000  added  for  increase  of  rates  on  old  routes,  and  for  new 
service,  making  a  total  of  $12,000,000,  which  is  7.81  per  cent,  over  the 
appropriation  for  1883,  and  a  little  more  than  14  per  cent,  over  the 
cost  and  estimate  for  new  service  for  1882. 


REPORT    OF    THE    POSTMASTER-GENERAL.  841 

RAILWAY  POST-OFFICE  CARS. 

The  increased  cost  of  the  railway  post-office  service  for  1882  over 
1S81  was  $100,000.  The  ai)i)roi)riatibn  for  the  present  year  is  $l.oL>G,0(M). 
It  is  estimated  that  $100,000  in  addition  to  that  service,  or  .Sl.G2(),000, 
will  be  sufficient  for  this  item  for  1884. 

SPECIAL  FACILITIES. 

The  appropriation  for  "special  facilities  "  on  the  fp^at  lines  for  tke 
current  year  is  $600,000.  It  is  not  clear  that  the  discoiitinuiHice  of  the 
service  secured  by  this  expenditure  would  not  result  in  injury  to  the 
puljjlic,  and  for  this  reason  I  suji:gest  that  a  like  sum,  $000,000,  be 
api)r<)priated  for  this  item  for  1884. 

MAIL  equip:\ient. 

The  expenditures  for  Miail-baos,  mail-oatchers,  and  mail  locks  and 
keys,  and  the  necessary  repair  of  the  same,  absorbed  the  en  tin*  appro- 
priation for  these  items,  $200,000  and  $25,000,  for  the  year  ending;  Jun«* 
30, 1882.  The  rapid  extension  of  the  radroad  system,  the  iucreased 
frequency  of  mails  on  railroad  routes,  and  the  large  number  of  i)ost- 
offices  established  on  such  lines  render  an  increase  in  ajjproprifitlon 
necessary  for  1884.  The  estimate  is  therefore  placed  for  mail  bikgs  and 
maU-catchers  at  $220,000;  mail  locks  and  keys,  $20,000. 

RAILWAY  POSTAL  CLERKS. 

The  amount  provided  for  railway  i)ostal  clerks  for  the  current  year, 
by  act  July  oL,  1882,  is  $371,000.  The  rate  of  increase  for  the  past  six 
years  has  been  7.20  i)er  cent.  Kstiiniitini^'the  cost  upon  the  same  basis, 
the  amount  required  for  1884  will  be  $3,077,120. 

REf '  \PITIL  ATION. 

For  star  sorvico S-'),  ri<X(,  000 

For  st^ainlioat  service 7(X), 0<KI 

For  railroiwi  service I'J,  (K)0, 00(i 

For  railway  ixtHt-otliccs l,0"i«i,<HiO 

For  KjKjcial  facilities (XK), LMKi 

Fof  fiiaii-iucsseuger  service .•n>0.  000 

For  iiiail-l>a;;s  and  mail-catchent _. 2"?0,  CmiO 

For  mail  locks  an<l  keys *i<), (KH' 

For  railway  juistal  clerks »5.  •'"7, 1'-W 

For  uiis(t;lhineoiis  iteruH 1,  WU 

Very  respectfully, 

Kirn'D  A.  ET.MF.H, 
Second  Afisi.stant  l^ohlinujftvr  ijcnend. 

Hon.  A.  D.  TTazf-x, 

Third  Aasintaul  ruiit)na!itci  (jciivnil. 


842  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

E. 

EXPLANATION  OF  ESTIMATES  OF  APPROPRIATIONS  FOR  THE  OFFICE 
OP  THE  TUIRD  ASSISTANT  POSTMASTER-GENERAL  FOR  THE  FISCAL 
YEAR  ENDING  JUNE  30,   1884. 

I.— ADHESIVE  POSTAGE  STAMPS. 

For  manufacture  of  ordinary  postage  stamps,  of  official  stamps,  of  news- 
paper and  iieriodical  stamps,  and  of  postage-due  stamps $130, 000  00 

The  number  of  these  stamps  issued  during  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30, 

1882,  vras 1,130,470,088 

Add  12  per  cent,  for  increase 135,65(5,410 

• 

Gives  estimated  issue  for  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 1883 1,266, 126,498 

Add  12  per  cent,  for  increase,  as  before 151, 9:35, 179 

Gives  estimated  number  required  for  fiscal  year  ending  Jane  30,  1884..  1, 418, 061, 677 

Cost  of  manufacturing  that  number  at  present  contract  price,  9.19  cents 
per  thousand $130,319  86 

The  increase  in  the  number  of  adhesive  stamps  of  all  Icinds  issued 
during  the  fiscal  year  ended  on  the  30th  June  last  was  a  little  over  17  per 
cent.,  but  this  rate  of  increase  was  an  abnormal  one,  due  in  part  to  an 
unusual  prosperity  in^the  business  interests  of  the  country,  and  in  part 
to  a  special  cause  which  was  explained  in  the  report  of  last  year  (pp. 
354  and  361,  Eeport  of  Postmaster-General  for  1881).  Under  ordinary 
conditions  it  would  hardly  be  reasonable  to  expect  an  annual  increase 
of  more  than  12  per  cent.,  and  accordingly  the  issues  of  the  last  year 
have  been  augmented  at  that  rate  to  arrive  at  the  probable  number  re- 
quired for  the  ensuing  fiscal  year.  The  present  contract  does  not  expire 
until  the  30th  June,  1885,  and  this  estimate  has  consequently  been  gov- 
erned by  existing  prices.  The  estimate  has,  however,  been  placed  in 
even  figures  at  $130,000.  The  appropriation  for  the  current  year  is 
$109,000 ;  but  from  present  indications  this  amount  will  hardly  be  sufiQ- 
cient  to  meet  the  demands  of  the  year. 

II. — POSTAGE-STAMP  AGENCY. 

For  pay  of  agent  and  assistants  to  distribute  stamps,  and  for  expenses  of  the 

agency §8,100  GO 

This  estimate  agrees  in  amount  with  the  appropriation  for  the  present 
year. 

III.— STAMPED  ENVELOPES,   NEWSPAPER  WRAPPERS,   AND  LETTER  SHEETS. 

For  manufacture  of  stamped  envelopes,  newspaper  wrappers,  and  letter 
sheets §632,000  00 

The  cost  of  the  stamped  envelopes  and  Tvrappers  issued  during  the  fiscal 
year  ended  June  30, 1882,  at  fhe  prices  in  the  contract  which  took  eft'ect 
October  1,  1882,  would  amount  to 477,960  08 

Add  15  per  cent,  for  increase 71,694  01 

Gives  estimated  cost  at  same  prices  for  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1883..     549, 654  09 
Add  15  per  cent,  for  increase,  as  before 82,448  11 

Gives  estimated  cost  for  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1884 632, 102  20 

The  appropriation  for  the  current  year  is 547, 000  00 

The  actual  cost  of  stamped  envelojies  and  wrappers  issued  duiiug  the 
last  fiscal  year  was  $510,399.45  j  but  a  new  contract  was  entered  into  for 


REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL.        843 

lour  years  from  the  1st  of  October,  1882,  at  an  average  reduction  of  nearly 
7  per  cent,  in  previous  prices,  and  the  calculations  in  this  estimate  have 
accordingly  been  made  upon  the  basis  of  the  new  prices.  The  increase 
in  the  number  of  envelopes  and  wrappers  issued  durinj;  the  last  fiscal 
year  over  that  of  the  previous  year  was  nearly  13  i)er  cent.;  but  as  the 
reduced  ]uices  are  likely  to  largely  augment  the  demand,  allowance  has 
been  made  for  an  annual  increase  of  15  per  cent,  in  the  issues.  IJy  law 
the  cost  of  procuring  stamped  envelopes  is  added  to  the  postage  value 
in  tixiug  the  schedule  of  prices  to  the  i)ublic,  and  the  expenditure  under 
this  head  is  consequently  refunded  to  the  government  when  the  envel- 
opes are  sold.  Authority  was  granted  by  the  sundry  civil  ai)proiu  iation 
act  passed  at  the  late  session  of  Congress  to  use  the  appropriation  for 
stamped  envelopes  for  the  current  year  for  the  inirchase  of  st^imped 
letter  sheets  (combined  letter  sheet  and  envelo])e)  not  previously  fur- 
nished. No  arrangements  have  as  yet  been  made  for  ju-ocuring  these 
articles,  but  they  may  be  introduced  betbre  the  close  of  the  year,  and 
in  view  of  that  event  it  is  deemed  advisable  to  include  them  in  the  esti- 
mate for  stamped  envelopes  for  the  coming  year. 

IV. — STAMPED-KXVKLOPE  AGENCY. 

For  pay  of  agent  and  assistants  to  distribute  stamped  envelopes  and  news- 
paper wrappers,  ami  for  expenses  of  agency $16, 000  00 

This  estimate  agrees  in  amount  with  the  appropriation  for  the  present 
fiscal 'year. 

v.— POSTAL  CARDS. 

For  manufacture  of  postal  cards J^.'.'?,  000  00 

The  total  number  of  postal  cards  issued  during  the  fiscal  year  ended 

June  :',0,  ldS-2,\\a3 3.'')1,498,000 

Add  15  per  cent,  for  increase .VJ,  724, 700 

Gives  estimated  number  for  year  ending  Juno  30,  188:i 4ii4,v.*"i'2. 700 

Add  15  per  cent,  for  increase ilO,  lUW,  405 

Gives  estimated  number  for  year  ending  June  30,  1SS4 464, 856, 105 

The  cost  of  manufacturing  these  articles  at  the  present  contract  price 

of  54.43  cents  per  thousand,  is $25:1, 0*21  17 

The  appropriation  for  the  present  fiscal  year  is '242, 000  OO 

The  issue  of  postal  cards  has  lluctuated  Avidely  during  the  past  few 
years.  For  1879  the  ratio  of  increase  was  10.55  per  cent. ;  for  1880, 
22.80  per  cent.;  for  1881,  13.20  per  cent.;  and  for  ]S82,  13.00  i)er  cent. 
It  will  ])robably  be  suOicient  to  allow  for  an  annual  increase  of  15  i)er 
cent.,  as  has  been  done  in  the  foregoing  estimate.  The  present  con- 
tract is  for  four  years,  ending  on  the  30th  June,  1885. 

VI.— POSTAI.-CAKl>   AGKXCY. 

For  pay  of  agent  and  assistanta  to  distribute  postal  cards,  and  for  ezpensM 

of  the  agency $7,300  00 

Tliis  estimate  agrees  with  the  present  appropriation. 

VII.— llEGISTEKKD-PACKACi:,    POST-OFFICK,  AN1>   OKAD-LKriKK   ENVKLOPK.S. 

For  registered-package,  post-oQlce,  and  dead-letter  envelopes $140,  OtM}  00 

The  registered-package  envelojies  are  large  manila  enveloi>es  use«l 
for  inclosing  registered  letters  and  other  registered  matter  for  safer 
transmission  j  the  post-ollice  envelopes  are  for  the  u.se  of  postmasters  iu 


^44  I'APKiiS    ACCOMPANY IN'C    THE 

their  oflicial  coiTes])oncleiic(',  aixl  tlie  dead-letter  envelopes  are  used 
for  rotiiininf;'  letters  from  tlic  dead-letter  office  to  tlie  writers.  The  coti- 
tiact  for  these  en\'e!opes  i^  awarded  ibr  one  year  only,  bej^i  lining  on  the 
1st  of  July  of  each  year,  and  ])iesent  i)riees  therefore  afford  no  abso- 
lute criterion  iu  making  estimates  for  future  appropriations.  The 
prices  for  the  year  ended  on  the  3()th  of  June  last  were  unusually  low, 
so  that  the  issues  cost  only  $72,474.53.  At  the  prices  in  tlfe  contract 
for  the  present  year  the  same  issues  would  have  cost  $98,173.83.  The 
total  number  of  these  various  kinds  of  envelopes  issued  during  the  fis- 
cal year  ended  on  the  30th  of  June  last  was  35,581,550,  an  increase  of 
0,783,100,  or  23.5  per  cent.,  over  the  issues  of  the  previous  year. 

At  the  same  rate  of  increase  for  the  present  and  next  fiscal  years  the 
issues  for  the  year  endinp'  June  30, 1884,  would  number  54,269.809,  and 
would  cost,  on  the  basis  of  existing  contract  prices,  $149,737.17.  Allow- 
ing for  an  increase.of  20  per  cent,  in  the  issues,  the  cost  at  iiresent  prices 
would  amount  to  $141,370.31.  The  major  portion  of  the  appropriation 
is  expended  for  envelopes  for  registry  business,  and  for  several  years 
past  this  service  has  been  increasing  very  nearly  at  the  rate  of  20  per 
cent,  per  annum.  It  is  projier  to  say  that  the  contract  for  these  en- 
velopes, like  that  for  stamped  envelopes,  has  been  awarded  to  the  lowest 
bidder,  after  public  advertisement,  and  upon  samples  furnished  by  the 
department.  The  estimate  is  placed  in  even  figures  at  $140,000.  The 
ajfipropriation  for  the  current  year  is  $110,000. 

VIII.— SHIP,  STEAMBOAT,  AND  WAY  LETTERS. 

For  sliip,  steamboat,  and  way  letters $1,500  00 

By  law  (sections  3913,  3976,  3977,  3978,  Eevised  Statutes)  this  appro- 
priation is  necessarj^  for  the  payment  to  masters  or  owners  of  vessels 
not  regularly  engaged  in  transporting  the  mails,  for  letters  brought  and 
delivered  to  post-offices  on  arrival  in  port  for  transmission  to  destina- 
tion. The  parties  receiving  the  letters  are  required  to  pay,  in  addition  to 
the  regular  postage,  the  amounts  paid  to  said  masters  or  owners,  which 
amounts  are  consequently  refunded  to  the  department.  The  expendi- 
ture for  the  last  fiscal  year  was  $1,444.38,  for  1881  it  was  $990.95,  and 
for  1880  it  was  $1,355.51.  The  appropriation  for  the  current  year  is 
$l,500j  and  the  estimate  for  the  next  fiscal  year  is  placed  at  the  same 
figures. 

IX.— ENGRAVING,   PRINTING,   ^VND  BINDING  DRAFT,?  AND  W.VRRANTS, 

For  engraving,  printing,  dud  binding  drafts  and  warrants $2, 000  00 

This  appropriation  is  for  the  purchase  of  warrants  and  drafts  used 
for  payments  to  creditors,  transfers  of  funds  to  and  from  postmasters, 
and  collections  of  balances  due  the  department.  The  warrants  and 
drafts  are  prepared  and  furnished  by  the  Bureau  of  Engraving  and  Print- 
ing of  the  Treasury  Department.  The  expenditure  on  this  account  dur- 
ing the  last  fiscal  year  was  $1,644.35;  and  iu  view  of  the  manifestly  in- 
creasing needs  the  estimate  for  the  ensuing  year  is  placed  at  $2,000. 

X. — AnSCELLANEOUS. 

For  miscellaneous  items $1,000  00 

This  estimate  is  for  the  same  amount  as  the  approi)riation  for  the 
current  fiscal  year. 


REPOKT    OF    THE    POSTMASTER-GKNKRAL. 


84rj 


Comparison  of  api,roprialioiis  for  the  office  of  the  Third  Assislaul  rosimasi^r-den&ral  lor 
the  year  ciulhig  June  30,  lH^o,  with  esiimntcf:  for  the  ijenr  ending  June  30,  1684. 


Items. 


Adhesive  postage-stamps 

Postajrc-stamp  agency 

Stamped-envelopes  and  wrappers 

Stamped  envelope  agency 

Postal  cards 

Postal-card  agency 

Itegistered-package,  post-ofBce,  and  dead-letter 

envelopes 

Ship,  steamboat,  and  way  letters 

Engraving,  printing,  and  binding  drafts  and 

warrants 

Miscellaneous 

Total 


Amount  appro-  <  Estimate  for 
priated  vear  I  year  end- 
eudinz  Jane  uig  Juno 
'M,  1883.  30,  1884. 


$100,000 

8,100 

547,  000 

16,  000 

242,  000 

7,300 

110,  000 
1,500 

1,500 
1,000 


1,  043,  400 


$130,  000 

8,100 

ft?2,  0(X) 

16,000 

253,  000 

7,300 

140,000 
1,500 

2,000 
1,000 


Increase  of  estimates. 


AmooDt.  I  Percent. 


121,000 


l,190,'J<Jo  I        147,500 


18.2+ 


85,000 

15.  5-1- 

11.000 

4.5-)- 

30.000 

2T.2-r 

500 

33.3. 

14.1-f 


Respectfully  submitted  to  the  Postmaster-General. 

A.  D.  HAZEN, 
Third  Assutunt  FosimaslerGena-al. 

Office  of  TfltKD  Assistant  Postsiaster-General, 

Octoher  23,  1882, 


F. 


Post-Office  Department, 
Office  of  Foreign  Mails, 
Washington,  I).  C,  Octoher  13,  1882. 

Sir:  Eefermig  to  your  letter  of  the  2d  instant,  1  have  the  honor  to 
inform  you  that  the  amounts  estimated  as  required  to  Ue  anprojjriated 
for  the  foreign  mail  service  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1884,  are 
as  follows : 

For  transportation  of  mails $;ioO,  000  (.mi 

For  balance  due  foreij^n  conntries,  inclnding  the  United  States' portion  of 
the  expenses  of  the  lutemational  Bureau  of  the  Universal  Postal  Union, 
■and  the  subscription  of  the  department  for  the  monthly  journal  (L'Union 
J'ostale)  of  that  bureau IX),  000  W 

'  Total 4I0,00t1  oo 

I  am,  verv  respectfully,  vour  obedient  servant, 

JOSEPH   II.  r.LACKFAN, 

Siipr)  inUndiint  oj  Jiorcujn  Maih. 
Hon.  A.  J).  IlAZEN, 

Third  Assistant  I'ostmaster- General. 


846  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


REPORT  OF  THE   FIRST  ASSISTANT  POSTMASTER- 

GENERAL. 

Post-Office  Departjient, 
Office  of  First  Assistant  I^ostbtaster-General, 

Waslmujton,  J).  C,  October  30,  1883. 

Sir  :  The  past  fiscal  year  was  notable  for  the  transaction  of  a  larger 
amount  of  business  in  every  division  of  this  bureau  than  in  any  pre- 
ceding year.  The  number  of  ofiices  established,  the  number  of  cases 
acted  upon,  and  the  number  of  letters  and  petitions  received,  indorsed, 
answered,  and  filed  were  considerably  in  excess  of  those  of  any  pre- 
vious year,  and  give  indication  not  only  of  the  remarkable  development 
of  the  country,  but  of  the  eagerness  with  which  postal  facilities  are 
sought  for  as  the  population  increases  and  expands.  The  disposition 
of  this  office  to  aid  the  public  in  granting  their  requests  for  new  offices, 
or  for  enlarged  and  better  opportunities  for  postal  business,  has  been 
such  that  probably  less  dissatisfaction  has  been  experienced  by  appli- 
cants during  the  past  year  than  for  any  other  similar  period. 

The  following  statements  constitute  a  summary  of  the  work  performed 
in  each  division  of  the  bureau;  but  it  is  well  known  that  no  such  pre- 
sentations can  convey  an  accurate  idea  of  the  amount  of  work  disposed 
of,  on  account  of  the  very  large  part  which  would  hardly  admit  of  clas- 
sification : 

POST-OFFICES  ESTABLISHED  AND  POSTMASTERS  APPOINTED. 

Number  of  offices  established  during  tbe  year 3, 166 

Number  discontinued 1,447 

Increase -- 1,719 

Number  in  operation  Juno  30,  1881 — 44,512 

Number  in  operation  June  30,  1882 46,231 

Number  filled  by  appointment  of  the  President 1,951 

Number  filled  by  appointment  of  the  Postmaster-General 44,280 

Appointments  were  made  during  the  year — 

On  resignations  and  commissions  expired 7, 346 

On  removals 1, 021 

On  change  of  name  and  sites 349 

On  deaths  of  postmasters 461 

On  establishment  of  new  jjost-offices 3, 166 

Total  appointments 12,343 

Number  of  cases  acted  upon  during  the  year 14, 340 

APPOINTMENT  DIVISION. 

Number  of  cases  of  all  kinds  made  up 14,760 

Number  of  cases  acted  upon  affirmatively - 14,  3-10 

Number  of  cases  declined 525 

Number  of  queries  sent  out  affecting  the  establishment,  discontinuance,  &c., 

of  post-offices 6,443 

Number  of  circulars  of  inquiry,  &c.,  mailed 33,785 

Number  of  letters  written 3, 251 

Number  of  cases  referred  to  other  bureaus  of  the  department  or  to  corre- 
spondents for  information 18, 001 

Number  of  Presidential  cases  acted  iipon 826 

Number  of  officers  placed  in  charge  of  sureties  on  account  «f  death  of  post- 
master or  for  other  causes • ♦ 226 

Number  of  letters,  petitions,  and  other  papers  received,  indorsed,  and  filed.  116,732 

Number  of  clerks  in  the  division 13 

It  became  necessary  during  the  past  year,  in  consequence  of  the  in- 
crease of  the  business  of  this  division,  to  enlarge  its  force  by  the 


REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL.        847 

addition  of  tvro  clerks,  so  that  its  employ(?s  now  number  thirteen. 
Their  salaries  have  also  been  so  far  equalized  that,  with  the  exception 
of  the  principal  clerk  and  one  other,  they  are  all  of  the  third  claas. 

BOND  DIVISION. 

The  increase  of  work  in  this  division  during  the  past  year  was  uni- 
formly steady,  and  at  the  same  time  indicative  in  many  respects  of  the 
prevalence  of  more  intelligence  and  ai)titude  for  business  among  those 
appointed  as  postmasters.  While  more  bonds  were  sent  out  to  post- 
office  inspectors  for  investigation,  fewer  were  returned  than  last  year  as 
insufficient.  A  smaller  number  of  bonds  were  also  returned  to  post- 
masters for  correction  than  for  some  years;  and,  though  the  number  of 
money-order  offices  established  during  the  year  was  considerably  larger 
than  for  any  other  similar  period,  greater  promptitude  in  the  execution 
of  the  necessary  papers  by  the  postmasters  has  never  been  shown. 

The  following  summary  exhibits  the  principal  features  of  the  work 
performed : 

Number  of  entries  made  upon  the  books  of  the  division 49, 737 

Number  of  cases  received  for  which  appointment  and  other  papers  were  mailed.  14,  'X\0 

Number  of  circulars  sent  calling  for  the  execution  of  new  bonds 1,;J<14 

Number  of  surety  circulars  sent  to  chief  post-office  inspector  for  rei)ort 1, 750 

Number  of  blank  assistant  and  clerks'  oaths  sent  by  request  of  postmasters. . .  9, 720 

Number  of  new  bonds  sent  by  request  of  postmasters 413 

Number  of  new  bonds  sent  by  request  of  the  Third  Assistant  Postmaster-Gen- 
eral for  increase  of  penalty 2J?<i 

Number  of  new  bonds  sent  for  establishment  of  new  money-order  oftices 501) 

Number  of  circulare  sent  to  sureties  who  requested  to  be  released  from  bonds.  402 
Number  of  letters  received  from  sureties  requesting  to  be  released  as  bonds- 
men    4;Vi 

Number  of  cases  in  which  post-office  inspectors  recommend  now  bonds tO 

Number  of  circulars  sent  to  sureties  notifying  them  of  postmasters'  failure  to 

deposit  or  pay  contractors 1,379 

Number  of  new  bonds  received 1,  4^7 

Number  of  reports  received  from  post-oflice  inspectors  on  validity  of  honds  ...  1,  t>7r> 
Number  of  postmasters',  assistant  postmasters',  and  clerks'  oaths  received,  in- 
dorsed, and  filed 2T,r>-lO 

Number  of  bonds  and  oaths  returned  for  correction 2,  Wl 

Number  of  bonds  examined  and  passed  for  commissions 11,978 

Number  of  bonds  filed 12,  H'<it 

Number  of  corrections  in  postmasters'  names  reported  to  corresponding  clerks.  1 .  02r» 

Number  of  commissions  mailed  to  postmasters 11,97H 

Number  of  letters  written ;$;"»0 

Number  of  cases  reported  to  report  clerk 14,340 

Number  of  established  ca^os  reported  to  Blank  Agency 3,  U>() 

Number  of  Presidential  cases  for  which  appointnu-nt  papers  were  forwarded..  rt2<) 

Number  of  circulars  sent  fo  postmasters  accompanyingnew  bonds    2,249 

Number  of  circulars  sent  calling  for  the  execution  and  return  of  new  niouej'- 

order  bonds 4.'>0 

Number  of  circulai"H  sent  for  appointmonta,  establisbmentf*,  change  of  namivt, 

and  sites,  and  discontinuances 22,  408 

Number  of  copies  of  jxtsf  ill  laws  and  regulations  forwarded 3, '.•.'i7 

Number  of  new  Itouds  sent  to  postmasters  on  report  of  post-ofllco  inspoctorii  ..  HO 

Number  of  clerks  in  tlio  division .^. 13 

The  increased  amount  of  wofIc  in  this  division  necessitated  a  partial 
rearrangement  of  the  clerical  force  during  the  year.  The  duties  of  each 
clerk  were  made  somewhat  more  s]>ecirie,  and  the  elianges  liavi>,  jtrovetl 
to  be  very  beiielieial.  The  hibor  of  tlui  division  is  now  |)ei(brnifd  moi-e 
acceptably  than  at  any  ])revious  time,  and  with  more  con\enieuee  to  the 
clerks  of  other  jiortions  of  tlie  depart  metit  who  have  occasion  to  refer  to 
the  records  of  tlie  division. 

Accompanying  this  report  will  Ite  found  tables  marked  A  and  B,  giv- 
ing additional  information  concerning  the  operations  of  the  appointment 
and  bond  divisions. 


848  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

THE  FREE   DELIVERY   SYSTEM. 

Tljis  system  employed  diuinj?  the  year  3,115  letter-carriers  in  112  of 
tlie  principal  cities,  being  an  increase  of  254  carriers  and  of  3  free  de- 
livery offices,  viz :  Augusta,  Me.,  Burlington,  Vt.,  and  Concord,  N.  H. 

The  total  amount  appropriated  (inoludiug  a  special  appropriation  of 
$25,000)  was  $2,625,000  against  $2,500,000  ior  the  preceding  year.  The 
total  cost  of  the  service  was  $2,023,262.74,  leaving  $1,736.26. 

The  increased  cost  of  the  service  as  compared  with  the  preceding 
year  was  $123,351.20. 

POSTAGE  ON  LOCAL  MATTER. 

The  aggi'egate  postage  on  local  matter  at  all  the  free  delivery  offices 
was  $3,816,576.09,  being  $542,945.70  more  than  for  the  previous  year,  and 
$1,193,316.45  more  than  the  cost  of  the  service ;  a  per  centum  increase 
in  postage  on  local  matter  of  16.50,  and  4.93  increase  in  the  cost  of  the 
service. 

The  average  cost  per  piece  of  handling  matter  was  2.3  mills,  a  de- 
crease of  one-tenth  of  a  mill  as  compared  with  the  preceding  year.  The 
average  cost  per  carrier  (computed  on  pay  of  carriers  and  incidental 
expenses)  was  $835.75,  a  decrease  of  $37.79. 

It  should  be  observed  in  this  connection  that  the  expenses  are  com- 
pared with  the  postage  on  local  matter  alone,  which  constitutes  only 
about  33  per  cent,  of  the  matter  handled  by  carriers,  and  that  while 
frequent  deliveries  and  colleotions,  affording  means  of  speedy  receipts 
and  reply  to  letters,  largely  increase  local  correspondence  in  populous 
centers,  they  no  doubt  increase  the  number  of  mail  letters  as  weU, 
for  which  this  service  receives  no  credit.  These  facilities  preclude  com- 
petition from  private  enterprises  and  lead  the  bulk  of  correspctodence 
into  the  post-office.  Large  private  express  companies,  through  which 
local  correspondence  was  principally  carried  on  in  l!few  York  and  Phil- 
adelphia, when  this  service  was  established,  and  for  several  years  after- 
wards, have  been  discontinued  by  reason  of  the  greater  and  cheaper 
facilities  afforded  by  this  mode  of  delivery. 

While  this  service  meets  the  general  demands  of  business  and  social 
life,  it  falls  short  of  meeting  the  urgency  required  in  cases  of  emergencj;^ 
and  hence  has  grownup  the  American  Messenger  Service  in  our  princi- 
pal cities,  which  dispatches  letters  on  the  instant  by  boys  employed  for 
the  purpose  at  small  compensation.  This  competition  can  only  be  met 
by  using  the  same  means  and  methods.  As  these  companies  are  becom- 
ing more  formidable  year  by  year,  and  hence  it  must  be  assumed  that 
their  business  is  remunerative,  it  is  recommended  that  steps  be  taken  to 
procui^e  the  necessary  legislation,  and  that  the  experiment  be  tried  in 
in  one  of  the  large  cities.  Should  it  prove  successful  it  may  then  be 
extended  to  other  cities. 

Additional  information  concerning  the  operations  of  the  free  delivery 
division  will  be  found  in  the  table  marked  C,  appended  to  this  report. 

SALARY  AND  ALLOWANCE  DIVISION. 

BIENNIAL  ADJUSTMENT   OP   THE   SALARIES   OF  PRESIDENTIAL  POSTMASTERS. 

In  accordance  with  the  law  the  biennial  adjustment  of  the  salaries  of 
Presidential  postmasters,  or  postmasters  at  offices  of  the  first,  second, 
'and  third  classes,  was  made  ujjon  the  basis  of  the  business  at  their  re- 
spective offices  for  the  four  quarters  ended  March  31, 1882,  the  salaries 
being  fixed  to  take  effect  from  July  1,  1883. 


REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 


849 


Two  thousand  and  twelve  adjustments  were  made,  an  increase  of  two 
hundred  and  forty -eight,  or  14  per  cent.,  as  compared  with  the  previous 
adjustment. 

These  returns,  coming-  from  postmasters  from  all  parts  of  the  Union, 
showed  a  very  gratifying  and  general  increase  of  business,  especially  in 
the  West  and  South;  and  the  additional  sum  necessary  to  i)ay  the  in- 
creased salaries  of  postmasters,  including  three  hundred  an<l  thirty-live 
special  adjustments  made  during  the  year,  amounts  to  >foG3,46o,  or 
18.14  per  cent,  more  than  last  year. 

Work  done  and  amounts  allowed  in  the  salary  and  allowance  division  during  the  year. 


Items  fiscal  year  1881-1882. 


Nunilier.      Amounts. 


Number  of  letters  received 

Number  of  letters  written 

Number  of  circular  letters  sent  out 

Number  of  allowances  for  clerk  hire  made 

Number  of  allowanccH  for  clerk  hire  ileclinetl 

Number  of  allowances  for  rent,  fuel,  and  lifiht  made 

Number  of  allowances  for  rent,  fuel,  and  li^ht  declined 

Nnmber  of  allowances  for  miecellaneous  itt-ms  made 

Number  of  allowances  for  misi  (llaneous  items  declined 

Number  of  allowances  for  furniture  ma<lo 

Number  of  allowances  for  furniture  declined 

Number  of  allowancea  for  stationery  made 

Number  of  allowances  foi-  stationery  declined 

Number  of  allowauc<'S  for  atlvertiainj;,  third  and  fourth  quarters  of  1882 

Number  of  case?  sent  to  chief  special  ajjent  for  infoimatiou ! 

Numljer  of  postmasters'  salaries  read,ju8ted i 

Number  of  fourth-claws  oflices  reported  by  the  Auditor  where  the  annual  com-  j 

pensation  of  the  postmaster  amounted  to  $1,000,  exclusive  of  commissions  ' 

ou  money-order  business 

Number  oif  fourth-class  oflices  assigned  to  the  third  class 

Number  of  cases  made  special 

Miscellaneous : 

Discontiuued  rent 


Disc/ontinued  cledc  hire 

s  r<Triiate<l  to  the  fourth  class 


Presidential  oilici- 

Number  of  lease  c««ea  prepared 

Number  of  leases  in  operation 

Miscellaneous 

Kent,  li^ht,  and  fuel 

Furniture 

Stationery 

Average  unmber  of  employes 


C.SOC  ' 

7,:it>8  ' 

13..W;i    

2.  'J80  «3, 008, 396  00 

1,694    

490  401,978  04 

171    

3,177  68,594  7(! 

85.1  I 

•J.">8  I          20. 710  04 

244  ' 

2,628  56,517  28 

918    

21  5,990  50 

180  ' 

2,542  ""*563," 400  66 

192  i 

U5  I 

787  ' 

5  I  910  00 

17  !  370  40 

a    

3:i  ' 

313  ' 

29  2.486  n 

26  6,091  00 

8  .313  25 

15  131  47 

4    


'Increase  as  compared  with  past  fiscal  year. 

In  addition  to  the  above  a  largo  amount  of  routine  and  special  work 
was  performed  duving  the  year. 

This  is  one  of  the  most  important  divi.sion.s  of  tlii.s  (dlicc,  and  among 
the  duties  assigned  to  it  are  the  supervision  and  the  adjn.stment  of  the 
salaries  of  Presidential  i)ostmasters,  or  postma.stcr.s  at  oniccs  of  the  first, 
second,  and  third  classes;  the  examination  of  the  (piartcrly  returns  or 
accounts  of  the  said  postmasters  before  they  are  liiially  passed  by  the 
Auditor  of  the  Treasury  for  the  Post-Onice  Department;  the  consider- 
ation of  applications  for  allowances  for  cleric  hire,  rent,  fuel,  light,  sta- 
tionery, furniture,  ami  inis(u'llaneous  exi>en<litnres,  and  also  the  adjust- 
ment and  regulation  of  the  salari<'s  and  dutit's  ot'  th«>  clerical  ft)rces 
necessary  for  tlie  juoper  transaction  of  the  postal  hiLsiness  in  the  larger 
offices. 

I  have  endeavored  dining  the  jiast  year  to  increase  the  efficiency  of 
this  division,  and  extend  its  oix'iations  to  some  details  in  ])ost-oiliee 
matters  proi)erly  within  its  sphere,  but  to  which  attention  had  not  liere- 
tofore  been  .syst<'niatically  directed.  This  has  been  paiticnhiily  the  case 
in  the  matter  of  revenues  derived  from  box-rents.  1  found  the  metho«l 
of  collecting  and  accounting  lor  such   moneys  very  imperfect,  owing 

54  Ab 


850  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

largely  to  the  indifferoncc  and  carelessness  of  a  large  number  of  post- 
masters in  making  returns  for  the  same;  and  in  order  to  correct  this 
evil  a  new  system  has  been  adopted,  Avhicli  was  put  into  operation  July 
1  last.  Under  the  new  system  each  postmaster  at  offices  of  the  first, 
second,  and  third  classes  is  furnished  with  a  small  book,  with  necessary 
blank  receipts  with  stubs  to  correspond,  and  when  a  box  or  drawer  is 
rented  the  renter  receives  a  receipt  for  the  amount  paid  for  the  same, 
and  the  stub,  when  filled  out  and  returned  with  the  sworn  statement  of 
the  postmaster  at  the  end  of  the  quarter,  serves  to  show  to  the  Auditor 
the  name  of  the  person  renting  the  box  or  drawer,  the  number,  and  the 
amount  of  rent  i^aid  for  it,  and  the  tiuie  for  which  it  was  rented.  This 
plan  is  in  my  opinion  a  great  improvement  upon  the  old  one,  and  it  has 
already  been  found  to  work  advantageously  both  to  the  patrons  of  the 
offices  and  the  department,  and  therefore  an  increase  in  the  revenue 
from  this  source  may  reasonably  be  expected  in  the  near  future. 

A  more  difficult  matter  in  this  connection  I  have  found  to  be  the 
perfecting  of  an  arrangement  or  scheme  by  which  the  box-rents  at  the 
larger  offices  shall  be  adjusted  or  equalized  so  as  not  to  do  injustice  to 
the  patrons  nor  deprive  the  department  of  a  proper  equivalent  for  the 
benefits  extended;  and  I  hope,  in  a  short  time,  to  find  a  solution  of  the 
matter  which  will  give  satisfaction  in  each  city,  and,  at  the  same  time, 
materially  contribute  to  an  increase  of  the  receipts  from  this  source. 
Heretofore  this  matter  has  been  left  to  the  discretion  of  the  postmasters, 
with  only  a  partial  supervision  of  the  department. 

As  you  well  know,  a  great  difficulty  has  always  been  experienced  in 
regulating  the  different  allowances,  especially  for  clerical  services,  in 
many  of  the  larger  offices,  so  that  no  injustice  would  be  done  to  any  of 
them;  and  the  business  of  receiving  and  dispatching  the  mails  would, 
at  the  same  time,  be  properl}^  performed. 

During  the  past  year,  in  order  to  overcome  this  difficulty,  whicli  ig 
greatly  increased  in  consequence  of  the  unexampled  growth  of  postal 
business  at  many  of  these  offices,  and  the  consequent  necessity  for  ad- 
ditional allowances  for  clerk  hire  in  them,  you  directed  the  formation 
of  a  commission,  to  be  composed  of  individuals  experienced  in  postal 
matters,  which  should  visit  the  post-offices  of  the  principal  cities  in 
the  North,  East,  and  "West,  for  the  purpose  of  examining,  among  other 
things,  into  their  arrangements  for  the  dispatch  of  business,  and  also 
the  necessity  for  present  and  future  allowances  for  clerical  service. 

The  duties  of  the  commission  were  performed  under  my  direction, 
and,  it  aftbrds  me  pleasure  to  state,  with  the  most  satisfactory  results. 
The  commission  found  an  inequality  in  the  salaries  paid  in  the  different 
offices  for  the  same  class  of  work.  It  was  also  found  that  salaries  were 
fixed  with  a  view  to  the  parties  holding  positions,  and  not  with  a  view 
to  the  duties  and  services  attaching  to  the  places.  In  many  of  these 
cases  the  salaries  were  considered  too  high;  and,  in  order  to  do  justice 
to  the  overworked  and  underpaid  employes,  reasonable  reduction  was 
recommended,  and,  in  a  few  cases  where  places  were  found  to  be  mere 
sinecures,  they  were  abolished  altogether,  the  total  amount  of  such 
reductions  in  the  eight  post-offices  visited  being  $54,530.  In  many  in- 
stances, also,  the  salaries  of  industrious  and  valuable  employes  were 
increased  to  correspond  with  the  importance  of  the  work  performed  by 
them. 


EEPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL.         851 
LEASE  DESK. 

Tho  specific  work  of  the  clerk  assigned  to  this  desk  for  the  past  year 
may  be  summarized  as  follows: 

Number  of  leases  prepared 33 

Nnmber  of  letters  written tJOC 

Number  of  cases  referred  to  the  chief  post-oflice  inspector  for  investigation  and 

report 88 

Number  of  (puries  relative  to  tbo  leasing  of  buildings  for  post-oflices  and  sta- 
tions sent  out 3Q 

Number  of  post-oflice  leases,  including  leases  for  stations,  in  operation  in  the 
largo  cities 3i;{ 

Much  other  clerical  service  was  also  performed  by  this  clerk,  uamely, 
for  the  salary  and  allowance  division. 


In  accordance  with  law  no  allowance  is  made  for  rent  excei)t  at  offices 
of  the  first  and  second  classes.  Since  1  took  char^^c  of  (he  bnreau  I  have 
given  the  matter  of  leasing  buildings  lor  i)ost-oflices  my  most  careful 
attention,  and  endeavored  in  every  case  to  procure  the  most  suitable 
and  central  buildings,  with  the  best  e<iuipments,  ujmn  the  most  favor- 
able terms.  I  considered  this  due  to  the  citizens  of  the  communities  in 
which  the  oflices  are  situated,  and  also  incumbent  ujjon  tlie  department 
as  a  matter  of  policy  if  nothing  more;  for  where  the  department  con- 
trols the  building,  the  patrons  of  the  oflice,  of  course,  expect  superior 
mail  facilities,  and,  as  a  rule,  generally  manifest  their  appreciation  of 
such  favors  by  more  liberally  i)atronizing  the  lock  boxes  and  drawers 

The  allowances  made  for  this  purpose  during  the  past  year  were 
probably  greater  than  for  any  previous  year,  as,  during  that  period,  at 
least  a  dozen  buildings  have  been  handsomely  and  thoroughly  fitted  up 
aild  leased  by  the  department  for  post-ofTices,  thus  affording,  in  many 
instances,  accommodations  equal  to  those  found  in  l»uildings  erected 
and  furnished  by  the  government  in  cities  of  the  same  size. 

In  my  opinion  the  department  should  encourage;  the  people,  where 
practicable,  to  ofler  first-class  buildings  for  post-oflices. 

DIVISION  OF  POSTAL  LAWS  AND  REGULATIONS. 

The  following  is  a  summary  of  work  performed  in  this  division: 

Number  of  letters  written  to  postmasters  and  to  private  individuals  involv- 
ing decisions  under  postal  regulations  aiul  laws  during  tho  past  liscal 
year 8,541 

Number  of  telegrams  ordering  tlio  forwarding  of  letters  to  ofilco  of  First 
Assistant  PostmaHtor-General,  where  they  are  to  bo  lu'Id  pending  investi- 
gation as  U)  whether  the  facts  wouhl  justify  their  delivery  to  tho  writer.  IJCG 

Number  of  new.siiiiiiei.s  and  magazines  eliiiiuiiig  tlie  right  to  admission  as 

secoud-cIasH  matter  tliafc  have  been  examined  anil  admitted  or  r<'Je<ted..  3,140 

Number  of  rulings  made  under  postal  regulations  and  statutes  whieh  were 
of  such  general  interest  to  postmasters  and  tho  public  as  to  require  their 
publication  in  tho  Postal  Guide 3&3 

Amount  of  money  collected  from  ptiblishers  of  seeond-olass  matter  for  %io- 
lation  of  law  in  inclosing  third-class  matter  in  second-class  publications.  $1,733  55 

This  collection  was  made  through  the  oflice  of  the  Third  Assistant, 
Postmaster-General,  upon  investigations  made  in  this  oflice. 

The  increase  during  the  first  (inarter  of  the  present  fisctU  year  over 
the  corresponding  quarter  of  the  preceding  year  in  the  corresiiondence 
of  this  ofdce  was  eomethiug  over  -10  per  cent.    During  tho  mouths  of 


852  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   TITE 

January,  ]^'el)rnary,  and  Mardi  last,  the  correspondence  indieated  an 
averaj;e  of  113,0(10  letters  durln^^  tlie  i)resent  year.  When  it  is  eonsidered 
that  every  letter  written  in  this  division  involves  an  examination  to 
ascertain  exact  questions  submitted,  and  the  careful  ])reparation  of  an 
answer  that  is  in  entire  conlbrmity  with  all  other  rulinf;s  which  may 
have  been  sent  to  any  other  i)Ostmaster  or  private  individual  upon  the 
same  subject,  some  idea  may  be  formed  of  the  labor  involved. 

The  classification  of  printed  matter  is  one  of  the  most  difiScult  and 
delic^ate  duties  assigned  to  this  division.  It  is  recognized  that  the  law 
favors  the  circulation  of  legitimate  newspapers  as  a  means  of  education, 
paying  for  their  transportation  and  distribution  largely  from  the  public 
treasury,  but  that  it  is  not  the  policy  of  the  statute  to  authorize  the 
transportation  at  the  public  expense  of  publications  which  are  intended 
to  promote  the  general  business  in  which  the  owners  of  such  publica- 
tions may  be  engaged,  outside  of  their  legitimate  business  as  publishers. 
It  is  also  recognized  that  newspapers  cannot  exist  if  deprived  of  their 
legitimate  local  advertising,  and  that  every  business  which  seeks  to 
reach  the  public  through  pul3lications  whose  main  purpose  is  to  attract 
attention  to  the  bnsiness  interests  of  the  publishers,  takes  away  from 
the  legitimate  newspaper  this  patronage,  without  which  it  cannot  sus- 
tain itself,  even  aided  by  the  liberality  of  the  government  in  the  matter 
of  transportation.  The  efforts,  therefore,  in  this  office  have  been  per- 
sistent in  endeavoring  to  exclude  from  second-class  rates  all  publica- 
tions which  under  the  guise  of  a  newspaper  are  primarily  designed  for 
private  advertising  purposes. 

The  responsibility  which  must  be  assumed  in  acceding  to  telegraphic 
requests  from  the  waiters  of  letters  for  their  return  before  delivery  is 
jio  slight  matter.  Such  letters,  where  the  telegraphic  request  is  indorsed 
by  the  postmaster  at  the  office  of  mailing,  upon  evidence  submitted  in 
full,  are  ordered  from  the  post-office  of  destination  to  be  forwarded  to 
this  office,  where  they  are  held  pending  the  evidence  which  has  been 
already  considered  by  the  local  postmaster,  and  which  again  passes 
under  careful  consideration  here  before  the  destination  of  the  letter  is 
determined. 

It  is  believed  that  the  sums  of  money  collected  for  -violation  of  the 
law  forbidding  the  inclosure  of  matter  of  higher  rate  in  second-class 
matter  has  done  much  to  secure  compliance  with  the  statute.  The  send- 
ing out  of  handbills  in  newspapers  is  not  only  a  direct  violation  of  the 
statute,  but  is  believed  to  deprive  the  publications  in  which  they  are 
inclosed  of  much  of  their  legitimate  advertising. 

A  matter  of  exceeding  difficulty  is  the  large  number  of  cases  pre- 
sented, where  the  same  correspondence  is  claimed  by  different  persons. 
Such  claims  are  i^resented  where  disputes  arise  as  to  thjd  legal  occu- 
pants of  an  office  where  an  officer  of  one  corporation,  having  been  re- 
moved irom  office  or  having  resigned,  has  accepted  a  like  position  in 
another  corporation;  where  firms  have  made  assignments  with  or  with- 
out special  stipulations  as  to  delivery  (conditional  or  unconditional)  of 
their  correspondence  to  their  assignees;  where  receivers  have  been  ap- 
pointed by  courts;  where  persons  of  similar  names  reside  in  the  same 
locality;  where  business  firms  have  dissolved,  or  their  assets  have  been 
sold  under  execution.  In  these  and  many  other  cases  that  miglit  be 
mentioned,  especially  where  correspondence  addressed  to  banks  is  thus 
in  dispute,  not  only  the  utmost  care  must  be  taken  to  preserve  the 
rights  of  the  parties  asserting  their  claims,  but  promptness  on  the  part 
of  this  office  in  expressing  its  opinion  becomes  essential,  the  value  of 
the  inclosures  within  the  correspondence  depending  thereon. 


REPORT    01'     VnH.    POSTMABTER-OENERAL.  853 

The  increase  of  the  ^vork  of  this  ottieo  is  in  sticii  a  laiio  as  wiii  lojulci- 
the  present  corps  of  clerks  entirely  unable  to  successfully  and  i)romptly 
dispose  of  it. 

This  large  increase  in  correspondence  is  due,  in  my  Judginent,  ciiirlly 
to  the  distribution  of  the  Othc-ial  Postal  (Inide  monthly  to  postmasti-rs. 
and  the  rulings  and  instructions  thus  i»hiccd  bi-fore  tliem  have  excited 
an  interest  in  the  postal  service  and  secured  not  only  the  exercise  of 
enlightened  intelligence  in  the  discharge  of  the,  duties  of  their  otlice, 
but  a  care  to  report  all  failures  on  the  part  of  other  oUicials.  The  rev- 
enues have  been  very  largely  increased  by  tlie  earnestness  of  post- 
masters in  collecting  the  postage  fixed  by  law,  and  their  desire  for  the 
proper  administration  of  their  offices  is  exhibited  in  the  constant  pre- 
sentation of  new  questions  as  they  arise. 

There  are  at  present  but  four  clerks  in  the  division,  over  which  the 
Law  Clerk  of  the  department  is  placed  in  general  charge  by  direction  of 
the  Postmaster-General.  I  respectfully  recommend  that  there  be  add«!d 
to  this  division  a  chief,  with  a  salary  at  least  of  $2,250  per  annum.  There 
is  a  class  of  correspondence  which  one  holding  such  a  position  could 
satisfactorih"  discharge  without  special  previous  training  as  a  lawyer, 
and  it  may  be  possible  with  such  additional  force  to  discharge  the  duties 
of  this  division  during  the  coming  year. 

It  is  a  satisfaction  that,  with  all  the  decisions  which  have  been  made 
aliecfing  i)ersonal  rights  and  the  classilication  of  pul)lieations,  no  post- 
master in  obeying  the  instructions  issued  from  this  ollice  has  involveil 
himself  in  any  legal  proceedings. 

BLANK  AGENCY  DIVISION. 

No  reference  was  made  in  my  rei)ort  of  last  year  to  the  wm-k  dispose«l 
of  in  this  division,  it  having  been  transferred  a  few  months  before  t4t 
the  otiice  of  the  Postmaster-General.  .Subseipiently  the  division  was 
restored  to  this  office,  and  a  summary  of  the  labor  i)erlbrmed  during 
the  fiscal  year  recently  ended  is  therefore  ])resented. 

The  work  of  this  division  for  the  i)ast  fiscal  year  was  ol'  more  than 
usual  magnitude. 

The  gTcater  part  of  what  is  termed  "department  sup{)lies,"'  /.  <.,  the 
necessary  blanks,  i)aper,  twine,  letter-balances,  and  stamps  to  enable 
•  postmasters  to  make  up  aiul  forward  mails,  to  record  and  report  the 
same,  as  well  as  to  account  for  the  business  of  the  offices  to  the  depart- 
ment and  to  the  Sixth  Auditor  of  the  Treasury,  are  sent  from  this 
division. 

Of  these  supplies  there  were  forwarded  during  the  last  llscal  year  as 
follows: 

]31anks  for  slatoniciits  and  accoiintrt  of  puatinasters 1",  lTisl>.'»(l 

Books  for  records  of  post-oflico  busiiu'ss '*'i,  T9:t 

FaciufX  ulijis  for  ratinj^  up  pattkafjeH :!•.•,  TJ(i,  (kKl 

Marking  and  ratiiiEc  stamps  of  all  kinds <">.  •'"'•''.' 

Jnte  twine  (pounds) \V\,  U^i 

Hemp  twine,  (i)oiinds) lli'i,  JIR' 

Cotton  twino  (pounds) ;"», "lUJ 

Letter  balauccs  and  scales '2,(V2\ 

Wrappiuf^-paper  (reams) 13,  ^^21 

The  total  appropriations  and  exix-ndifuros  fur  the  aWiAc  articles  for 
the  fiscal  year  were  as  follows : 

Appropriations >lo.'>,  «)00  iHi 

Expenditures '.MJ.K^i  f>;'. 

Leavin<i  a  balance  of 10,    I, 


854  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING  THE 

Additional  iuforraation  concerning  the  above  expenditures  will  be 
found  in  the  tabular  statement  marked  D,  and  api)ended  to  this  report. 

By  the  act  of  Congress  dated  the  4th  of  May  last,  provision  was  made 
for  supi)lying  all  post-ofQccs,  tlie  gross  receipts  of  which  were  less  than 
$50  per  annum,  with  letter-balances,  marking-stamps,  ink  and  pads. 
This  legislation  was,  at  most,  a  necessity,  as  this  class  of  offices  could 
not,  under  the  terms  of  the  postal  laws  and  regulations,  be  furnished 
with  these  facilities  for  business  at  public  expense. 

It  is  expected  that  more  than  7,000  offices  will,  before  the  end  of  the 
present  fiscal  year,  be  thus  supplied,  and  their  postmasters  will  be  there- 
by enabled  to  make  up  and  dispatch  the  mails  with  more  accuracy  and 
the  government  be  saved  a  very  considerable  sum  of  money  from  hav- 
ing the  mailable  matter  emanating  from  these  offices  carefully  rated  tip 
and  the  stamps  upon  it  properly  canceled. 

It  is  recommended  in  the  estimates  for  this  bureau  that  a  sufficient 
sum  of  money  shall  be  appropriated  for  the  next  fiscal  year,  not  only  to 
furnish  all  other  offices  of  this  grade,  estimated  to  be  about  3,000  in 
number,  with  these  appliances,  but  that  the  amount  shall  also  be  so 
large  as  to  admit  of  extending  these  benefits  to  all  other  offices  not  now 
in  possession,  at  department  expense,  of  these  facilities. 

The  accounts  of  this  department  for  the  printing,  binding,  &c.,  exe- 
cuted at  the  Government  Printing  Office  are  kept  in  this  division.  The 
appropriation  for  this  work  for  the  last  fiscal  year  was  $150,000,  of 
which  amount  $130,582.66  was  expended. 

It  should  be  stated,  however,  that  the  amount  above  mentioned  does 
not  include  the  cost  of  the  work  and  material  for  the  printing,  binding, 
&c.,  of  the  money-order  division  of  this  department,  which  work  is  also 
done  at  that  establishment,  as  these  items  are  paid  for,  as  they  have 
been  for  the  past  two  or  three  years,  out  of  the  surplus  funds  of  the 
money-order  office. 

The  blank-agency  division  is  also  charged  with  the  purchase  and  dis- 
tribution of  stationery  for  the  department,  and  wth  the  keeping  of  the 
accounts  of  the  same  with  the  disbursing  officer. 

The  amount  appropriated  for  this  purpose  in  the  executive,  legisla- 
tive, and  judicial  act  for  the  last  fiscal  year  was  $9,000,  of  which  amount 
$8,956.96  was  expended. 

The  estimate  for  this  item  is  prepared  in  this  office  and  addressed  to « 
the  Postmaster-General,  who  submits  it  in  connection  with  estimates  for 
other  matters  pertaining  to  the  department. 

Including  the  superintendent  and  assistant  superintendent  the  num- 
ber of  employes  of  the  division  is  13. 

While  it  does  not  seem  imperatively  necessary,  I  think  it  would  ma- 
terially contribute  toward  harmony  of  arrangement  in  this  bureau  if 
the  title  of  this  division  should  be  changed,  and  the  salary  appropria- 
tions therefor  should  be  made  in  the  usual  way,  viz,  by  classes. 

The  title  is  now  "  the  blank  agency  of  the  Post-Office  Department," 
and  the  employes  are — 

Per  annntn. 

One  superintendent,  at §1,800 

One  assistant  superintendent,  at 1, 600 

Four  assistant  superintendents,  at,  each 1,200 

Two  assistant  superintendents,  at,  eacli 900 

One  clerk,  at 1,000 

One  assistant  messenger,  at 720 

Three  laborers  at,  each 6(50 

In  all  thirteen. 


REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL.        855 

I  have  to  siii[?gest,and  I  hope  it  will  meet  your  approval,  that  the  title 
of  this  division  ha  <;haii;iecl  to  that  of  tlie  division  of  i)ostal  sui)[)lies, 
and  the  salary  a]>i)r()piiatioii.s  for  it  be  hereafter  made  as  follows  :  For 
superintendent,  $2,250  ]»er  annum;  one  elerk  class  4;  one  clerk  class 
3;  four  clerks  class  I;  one  clerk  at  $1,000  per  annuui ;  two  clerks  at 
$900  per  annum;  two  assistant  messengers;  three  laborers.  In  all, 
fifteen  employes. 

This  will  be  an  addition  of  two  employes,  one  as  superintendent,  at 
$2,250  per  annum,  and  one  assistant  messenger,  and  in  amount  of  sal- 
aries $2,970  more  than  is  now  appropriated. 

This  change  would,  in  my  opinion,  plac^  the  division  upon  a  better 
footing  than  it  is  at  present,  render  the  bureau  more  comi>act,  classify 
all  its  employes  to  better  advantage,  and  promote  the  interest  of  the 
service. 

LETTER-BOOK  CLERKS. 

The  number  of  letters  recorded  during  the  i»ast  year  by  the  two  clerks 
assigned  to  these  desks  was  24,414.  During  the'same  i>erio<l  the  num- 
ber of  papers,  references,  and  circulars  directed  and  mailed  by  these 
employes  amounted  to  about  75,000. 

PRINCIPAL  IVTESSENGER. 

All  the  mail  and  express  matter  for  the  bureau  is  received  and  dis- 
tributed "by  this  em])loye.  The  number  of  letters,  i)apers,  requisitions, 
and  packages  opened  by  him  during  the  last  fiscal  vear  amounted  to 
581,932. 

Since  I  have  held  my  present  i)osition  I  have  used  every  opportunity 
to  inform  myself  as  thoroughly  as  ]>ossible  regarding  the  necessary  fa- 
cilities which  should  be  provided  by  law  for  the  transaction  of  business 
to  the  greatest  ajlvantage  to  the  public.  I  have  sought  to  find  how  far 
the  present  methods  of  conducting  the  business  were  deficient,  and  what 
aid  could  beaflbrdedby  additional  legislation. 

This  office  now  comprises  in  its  i)ractica[  operations  six  divisions. 
They  are  the  ai)pointmeut,  the  bond,  tlie  salary  and  allowance,  the  free 
delivery,  the  blank  agency,  and  postal  laws  and  regulations. 

Of  these  divisions  there  are  three  through  which  disbursements  are 
authorized.  The  salary  and  allowance  division  is  charged  with  the  dis- 
bursement ai)i)roximately  of  $5,000,000.  The  free  (lelivcry  division 
superintends  the  disbursement  of  $3,500,000.  The  blank  agency  has 
charge  of  the  expenditures  for  printing,  binding,  stationery,  »S:c.,  amount- 
ing for  the  past  year  to  $325,000. 

Of  all  the  six  divisions  only  two  of  them  have  Chiefs  recognized  by 
law.  Their  designation  and  salaries  are  as  follows:  Superintendent 
free  delivery,  $2,100;  sui)erintendent  blank  agency,  $1,S(M>.  The  other 
four  divisions  (appointment,  postal  laws  and  regulations,  bond,  and 
salary  and  allowance)  have  no  head  or  chief  re»-ognizeil  by  such  a  term 
in  the  law  making  api)roi)riation  Ibr  this  ollice,  but  the  business  of  these 
divisions  is  supervised  within  this  (tllice  through  a  clerk  of  the  fourth 
class  ($1,.S00  per  annum),  who  is  assigned  to  such  duty  by  me. 

Now,  whih;  my  ex])erience  hassatislietl  me  thai  the  work  is  ])erfbrme<l 
as  accurately  and  satisfactorily  as  it^can  be  done  under  existing  law,  1 
am  very  decidedly  of  the  oi)inion  that  it  would  secure  still  greater  etli- 
ciency  and  intelligence  in  the  administration  of  the  dilVerent  divisions 
if  Congress  were  to  jdace  the  res])onsil)ilify  of  the  iux)i)er  ]»erformance 
of  the  difierent  kinds  of  clerical  labor  upim  oii;.-,  i.,  designated  1>\  l:i\v. 


856  PAPER8    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

with  salaries  advanced  abov<'  that  of  the  ordinary  clerical  force  of 
the  de])artiiient,  and  with  duties  that  could  be  clearly  defined  l)y  the 
head  of  this  oliice.  This  personal  resi)onsibility,  with  tlie  feelinj;"  that 
there  is  a  recognition  of  the  special  ett'oits  made  by  such  cliiefs  of  divisions, 
will  secure  greater  earnestness  in  the  discharge  of  duty,  and  the  ])roper 
increase  of  salary  in  sim])le  justice  to  those  who  are  so  placed  in  charge 
of  the  various  divisions. 

These  considerations  luue  induced  me  to  urge  that  you  should  espe- 
cially call  the  attention  of  Congress  to  the  propriety  of  reorganizing  the. 
office  of  the  First  Assistant  Postmaster-General,  so  as  to  create  by  law 
divisions  to  be  known  as  Appointment,  Bond,  Postal  Laws,  and  Kegu- 
lations,  and  the  Salary  and  Allowance,  with  salaries  to  the  chiefs  of 
such  divisions  of  $2,250  per  annum,  and  the  salaries  of  the  superintend- 
ents of  Free  Delivery  and  of  what  has  heretofore  been  known  as  the 
blank  agency  should  be  increased  to  that  sum.  The  latter  division,  in 
my  judgment,  would  be  more  properly  designated  as  the  division  of  post- 
office  supplies.  If  this  latter  division  were  recognized  by  law  as  belong- 
ing to  the  office  of  the  First  Assistant  Postmaster-General,  its  adminis- 
tration would  be  regulated  by  the  orders  of  the  head  of  this  office,  and 
the  clerical  force  supplied,  promoted,  or  diminished,  as  the  exigencies  of 
the  service  required;  whereas  it  now  needs  the  specific  authority  of 
Congress  for  any  increase  of  the  clerical  or  laboring  force  of  the  blank 
agency. 

I  feel  assured  that  if  these  recommendations  should  be  adopted  by 
Congress  it;  would  result  in  very  great  benefit  to  the  public  service,  by 
promoting  discipline  and  increasing  efficiency  in  the  clerical  service, 
which  cannot  be  fully  secured  without  thoiough  organization  in  a  de- 
partment covering  so  vast  an  extent  of  territory,  and  so  intimately 
related  to  the  daily  life  of  every  citizen,  where  uniformity  of  adminis- 
tration is  of  vital  importance.  It  is  essential  that  the  lines  marking 
the  duties  assigned  and  fixing  the  jurisdiction  of  every  division  of  this 
office  should  be  so  clearly  drawn  that  all  correspondence  can  at  once 
be  referred  to  the  division  to  which  the  subject-matter  is  assigned. 

There  is  nothing  that  produces  such  irritation  in  the  public  mind  as 
a  feeling  that  through  the  ijostal  service  absolute  equality  of  rights  and 
privileges  is  not  accorded  to  every  citizen,  and  unless  the  chiefs  of  each 
division  can  be  assured  that  the  duties  which  they  are  called  upon  to 
discharge  are  clearly  and  distinctly  within  their  jurisdiction,  and  that 
they  alone  are  responsible  to  the  head  of  the  office  for  their  discharge, 
it  is  impossible  to  avoid  inharmonious  rulings  and  irregular  administra- 
tion over  such  a  territory  as  is  covered  by  the  postal  service. 

STATIONEEY  FOR   TOST-OFFICES. 

Under  the  present  regulations,  stationery  for  use  in  post-offices  of  first 
and  second  classes  is  now  purchased  by  postmasters  at  their  offices  in 
such  quantities  as  are  supposed  to  be  necessary,  without  application 
being  made  to  the  department. 

The  bills  for  stationery  thus  purchased  by  postmasters,  if  not  consid- 
ered unreasonable,  are  allowed  in  this  office  and  approved  and  passed 
by  the  Auditor.  As  a  consequence  of  this  rule,  the  i)rices  returned  for 
stationery  by  the  different  postmasters  vary  considerably,  frequently 
for  similar  articles,  and  the  quantities  used  often  seem  excessive.  The 
expenditures  for  this  item  during  the  last  fiscal  year  were  $56,517.28, 
many  of  the  articles  being  for  the  use  of  post-office  inspectors  and  for 
superintendents  of  the  railway  mail  service. 


REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERA  J.         857 

The  estimate  for  the  same  lor  the  next  fiscal  year,  which  has  been 
submitted  in  the  reguhir  way,  is  $<>o,000. 

The  estimate  for  the  department  stationery  for  the  next  fiscal  year 
will  probably  be  $15,000. 

I  think  it  would  be  d  ecidedly  in  the  interest  of  economy  to  unite  the 
two  items  ;  to  advertise  for  bids  for  the  supply  of  such  stationery  jis  is 
needed  for  the  department  and  for  post-ofilices,  and  when  procure*!  dis- 
tribute it  only  in  moderate  quantities  and  not  unless  applied  for.  This, 
in  the  main,  is  the  present  practice,  so  far  a.s  the  departmental  station- 
ery is  concerned. 

If  this  chanj;e  should  be  ordered  by  you,  authority  would  have  to  be 
given  by  Congress  for  employing  three  or  four  more  elerks  in  this  oftice 
to  attend  to  the  increased  business;  but  as  the  stationery  could  then  be 
contracted  for  in  large  amounts,  I  liave  no  doubt  it  would  l)e  juo(;ured 
cheaper  than  by  the  present  method  of  paying  the  current  retail  rates 
where  each  postmaster  purcliases  separately. 

As  it  is  my  desire  that  the  expenses  of  this  bureau  should  be  reduced 
wherever  practicable,  I  hope  the  suggestions  in  regard  to  this  matter 
will  meet  your  approbation. 

In  concluding,  permit  me  to  say  that  it  is  my  conviction  that  the 
changes  which  have  taken  place  among  the  em]>h).ves  in  this  olKce  dur- 
ing the  past  year  have  resulted  in  material  benelit  to  the  service,  and 
that  the  labor  which  the  clerical  force  has  been  called  ujMjn  to  perform, 
always  large,  various  in  character,  and  requiring  promptness  and  lidelity, 
has  been,  on  the  whole,  satisfactorily  attended  to.  Further.  I  sincerely 
hope  that  the  foregoing  difterent  statements  relative  to  the  (lisi>osition 
of  the  appropriations  intrusted  to  this  bureau,  the  establishment  and 
discontinuance  of  i)ost-ofticevS,  the  extension  of  the  free  delivery  service, 
the  benefit  derivedfrom  the  postal  commission,  and  the  various  other  mat- 
ters refen-ed  to,  will  convince  you  that  the  duties  devolving  upon  me  have 
been  performed  with  a  desire  on  my  part  to  deal  fairly  and  justly  with 
all  sections  of  the  country. 
Very  respectfully, 

FRANK  HATTON, 
First  Assistant  Postmaster -General. 

Hon.  T.  O.  Hq-wt:, 

Postmaster-Qeneral. 


858 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


A.—Stat<mient  skowivg  the  number  of  J'rcsidential  post-offices  in  each  State  and  'J'cn-Uory 
June  'JO,  1881,  and' June  :W,  1882,  wilh  iticream  and  decrease;  aim  the  number  of  post- 
offices  of  each  class,  toi/eUicr  with  the  number  of  money-order  post-offices  and  stations,  by 
btates  and  Territories,  June  30,  1882. 


States  and  Territories. 

•^  CO 

l§ 

•5  3 

53  9 

pis 

B  Coo 

l2i 

fe  9   . 

a 
1 

Si 

o 

a  o 

<n 

o 

Is 

o  a 

0  O 

in  B 
9g 

p-a 

-  - 
1  = 

^5 

o 

Sfi| 
C.2 

1? 

fe  9   . 

S  ° 

18 

19 

1 

3 

15 

1,241 

4 
109 
968 

403 

431 

526 

111 

4 

384 

1,208 

128 

1,905 

1,655 

110 

1,445 

1,49* 

1,480 

509 

926 

731 

6.59 

1,382 

983 

700 

1,806 

175 

807 

121 

450 

657 

168 

2,845 

1,574 

2,417 

388 

3,452 

110 

721 

1,  605 

1,384 

212 

474 

1,817 

274 

982 

1,333 

C7 

6 

» 

51 

29 

48 

11 

C 

1 

7 

26 

2 

170 

78 

6 

12 

52 

35 

49 

11 

C 

1 

8 

27 

2 

170 

«0 

3 

12 
6 
1 

3 
8 
34 
22 
34 
5 
5 

7 
77 

134 
55 
63 
37 
15 
1 
31 
83 
15 

496 

246 
4 

389 

224 
90 
46 

102 
53 

156 

290 

141 
80 

216 
15 

123 
18 
69 
76 
10 

392 
88 

371 
46 

301 
10 
47 
96 

169 
17 
83 
90 
16 
49 

216 

.'"! 

1 

3 
2 
3 

4 

District  of  Columbia 

1 

2 

2 

3 

1 

32 

13 

6 
21 

1 

133 

62 

3 

5 
5 

7 

2 

107 
6.5 
28 
10 
30 
16 
107 
SI 
41 
19 
51 

9 
32 
10 
28 
52 

4 

192 

15 

120 

9 
137 
11 
14 
19 
50 

4 
22 
25 

G 

9 
64 

4 

109 
69 
30 
10 
30 
18 

112 
97 
42 
21 
58 
10 
34 
11 
29 
55 
4 

197 
16 

125 
9 

144 

11 

14 

20 

54 

6 

24 

20 

8 

10 

60 

4 

2 

4 
2 

4 
2 
1 
1 
2 
1 
6 
3 
2 

22 
11 
9 
2 
S 
2 

31 

29 
8 
3 
6 
3 
4 
6 
6 

12 
1 

40 
3 

29 
2 

31 
4 
1 
3 

13 
2 
6 
4 
1 
1 

20 

83 
56 
20 
7 
20 
15 
75 
05 
32 
18 
49 

29 

5 

»23 

41 

3 

146 

13 

89 

0 

iio 

G 
12 
15 

38 
4 

18 
19 

,    7 

4^ 
2 

1 

1 

2 
5 
6 
1 
2 
7 
1 
2 

1 
1 
3 

13 

3 

3 

1 

2 

1 

5 

1 
5 

11 

18 

Ohio 

7 
1 
3 

1 
1 
2 
3 

3 

7 

9 

South  Carolina -* 

1 
4 

2 
1 
2 
1 
2 

3 

1 

77  j          10 

1,863 

1,951 

88 

85 

430 

1,436 

44,230  1    5.436 

62 

REPORT   OF   THE   POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 


859 


B.— Total  operations  of  the  appoinlmrnt  dirmon  of  the  office  of  the  First  Assistant  Poit- 
master-General  for  the  i/cnr  ended  June  'M\  IS&J:  uho  stalnnmt  of  the  number  of  post- 
offices  in  each  Slate  and  Tcrritori/  June  :iO,  I'y-*!,  and  June  liO,  18^2,  with  increase  or 
decrease. 


States  and  Territorica. 


Fost-oflices. 


i 


Fostm  asters. 


•a  $  ,  .2 

a*  '   =   . 

"=  '    =t 

_5  =  Li  .5 

B  «  la'* 
S  2       -  « 

S  a  1  -:  ^ 


Sa 


1§ 


^ 


Alabnisa 

Alaska 

Aiizona 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticnt 

Dakota 

Delaware 

District  of  Colnnibia. 

Florida 

Georgia 

Idaho , 

DlisoU 

Indiana 

Indian  Territory 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky , 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

MassachusL-tta 

Micbi;;aii 

Minnesotii 

Missisaippi ., 

Missouri , 

Montana 

Nebraska 

Ifevada 

New  Hampshire 

New  Jersey 

New  Mexico , 

New  York 

North  Carolina 

Ohio 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania 

Khode  Island 

Sonth  Carolina 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia 

■Waahinpton 

"West  Virsjinia 

Wisconsin 

"Wyoming 


101 
1 

16 
92 
71 
88 
6 
144 
4 


57 


58 

118 

29 

59 

84 

24 

103 

114 

.135 

54 

20 

46 

13 

93 

56 

62 

134 

50 

05 

19 

18 

23 

50 

73 

138 

104 

41 

117 

3 

75 

144 

154 

12 

2 

10« 

43 

119 

70 

9 


34 
40 
11 
28 
33 
5 
61 
102 
39 
25 
10 
11 
3 
39 
45 
33 
59 
21 
44 
8 
2 
2 
26 
19 
55 
35 
17 
26 


Total... 


..3,106  il,4J7 
I  I 


47 


32 

20 

5 

43 

22 

7 

80 

28 

7 

19 

6 

2 

1 

4 

1 

54 

20 

5 

15 

9 

5 

41 

24 

8 

45 

88 

21 

13 

8 

1 

16 


1 
25 
21 

3 
14 

2 
34 

1 

1 

2 

I! 

2  I 
0  I 

6  i 
14 


238 
2 

41 

236  I 
125  ; 
123  i 

47  I 

89 
3 
2 

70 
257 

28 
317 
341 

38 
303 
333 
331 
104 

60 


i'\ 


62 

231 

172 

125 

387 

39 

174 

28 

30 

64 

55 

234 

204 

376 

72 

399 

13 

113 

309 

3.'i.'» 

33 

4'J 

244 

5U 

1.'.7 

170 

23 


3  1 
40  13 
12  I  15 
0 

8 
1 
1 
1 
8 
12 
2 


48 

17 

45 

14 

1 

2 

51 

16 

25 

10 

20 

14 

19 

4 

16 

10 

10 

12 

2  '  12 

28  I  14 


10 

9 

0 

50  32 

24  ;  IB 

38  ;  22 

6  5 

38  82 

1  5 


4 
0 
143     14 


''..\:\ 


27  I  12 
22 
3 


349    7,340    1,021    4C1 

i  I  I 


430 
4 

fu 

495 
268 
279 

63 
341 

12 

4 

189 

4G3 

73 
495 
534 

72  I 
584 
683 
572  I 
217  I 

117  I 
176  1 

96  i 

442  , 
335 

2C9  i 

724  I 

119  I 

368  I 

60  I 
73 

118  I 
145 
438 
407  , 
598  I 
LW  ' 
645 

22  1 
260  , 
5.W 
654 

IKS 

r^ 
:*i  1 

124 
3C8 
304 
40  I 

14,  :i40 


1,2W  I 
3 
113 
968  I 
912 
393 
4.54 
434  ' 
113 

5  ' 
308  ' 

1, 157 
112  ; 

2,044  I 

1,0*4  I 
91 

1,512 

1,551 

1,414 
490 
940 

714 ; 

761 
1,425 
1.014  I 

752  ' 
1,789 

150 

820 

121  , 

4fi:< 

091  I 
148 
2.  9H8  ' 

1,  .w: 

2,473  I 

373 
3,505  ' 

118  I 

092 
1.524 
1,304  I 

225 

497 
1.  791 

2.M  i 

914 

l.SOH 

85 


1,260 
4 

115 
980 
947 
438 
4C0 
537 
117 
5 
392  i 
1,235  I 

130 
2.075 
1.735 
110 
1,.554 
1.563 
1,510  , 
519  , 
956  , 
749  i 
771 
1,479 
1.025 
781 
1.804 
185  ' 
841 
132  t 
479  I 
712 
172 
3,042  I 
],M0  ^ 
2,542  I 
397 

121 

735 

1,025 

1,438 

'.IS 

I.- 

ir.r: 

1,S99 

81 


44 

1 

2 
12 
35 
45 

0 
108 

4 


34 

78 
18 
31 
61 
19 
42 
12 
96 
20 
10 
3S 
10 
54 
11 
20 
75 
29 
21  !. 
11    . 
10    . 
21    . 
24    . 
54  I. 
83  I. 
09    . 
24  j. 
91    . 
S  !. 
43  !. 
101    . 
74   . 


44,612  ;  46.231 


1,730  1     11 


860 


I'Al^EHS   ACCOMPANYING   TlIK 


C. — SUitfnmnt  of  the,  operalioiiH  of  tlie/rer-dilircrt/ 


Post-offiro.s. 


2  q 


AlivoTi,  Oiiii) 

Allxiuy.N.Y 

Alli  ulicuy.  Pa 

Atl:i,uln,(ja 

Aul)iMn,  N.  Y 

Augusta,  Ga 

Augusta,  Me* 

Baltimore,  Md , . 

Bangor,  Me 

Blooiuinaton,  111 

Boston,  iiasa 

Briilgepoit,  Conn 

BrooTdyn,  N.  Y 

Buffalo'N.Y 

Burlington,  Iowa 

Burlington,  Vt* 

Camden,  N.  J 

Charleston,  S.  C 

Chicago,  111 

Cincinnati,  Ohio 

Cleveland ,  Oh  io 

Columbu  s,  Oliio , . . 

Concord,  N.  H* 

Covington,  Ky 

Dallas,  Tex 

Davenport,  Iowa 

Dayton,  Ohio 

Denver,  Colo 

Des  Moines,  Iowa 

Detroit,  Mich 

Dubuque,  Iowa 

Easton,  Pa 

Elizabeth,  N.  J 

Elmira,  K.  Y 

Erie,Pa 

Evanaville,  Ind 

Fall  River,  Mass 

Fort  Wayne,  Ind 

Galvestuii,  Tex 

Grand  Rapids,  Mich  . . . 

Harrisbiirgh,  Pa 

Hartford,  Conn 

Hoboken,  N.J 

Houston,  Tex 

Indianapolis,  Ind 

•Tackson,  Mich 

.Terfley  City,  N.J 

Kansas  City,  Mo 

La  Fayette,  Ind 

Lancaster,  Pa 

Lswren(M),  Mass 

Leadville,  Colo 

Leavenworth,  Kans 

Little  Eock,  Ark 

Louisville,  Ky 

TiOwell,  Mass 

Lynn,  Mass 

Macon,  Ga 

MancheiHter,  N.  H 

Mansfield,  Ohio 

Memphis,  Teim 

Meiiden,  Conn 

Milwaukee,  Wis 

Minneapolis,  Minn 

Mobile,  Ala 

Nashville,  Tenn 

Newark,  N.  J 

New  Ee(lford\  Mass 

New  Haven,  Conn 

New  Orleans,  La 

New  York,  N.  Y 

Norfolk,  Ya 


5 
30 
12 

10 

ti 

(i 

4 

93 

4 

G 

217 

7 

127 

38 

7 

4 

8 

9 

221 

90 

41 

16 

4 

6 

5 

8 

13 

13 

9 

36 

7 

7 

7 

8 


20 


5 
34 
12 
11 

5 

7 

4 
13 

5 
34 
18 

6 
14 
30 

S 
19 
50 
543 


Di;liveri;d. 


Mail. 


Letters. 


Postal 
cards. 


528,  442 

2,  719,  591 
1, 199,  090 
1,  638,  088 

601,  510 
389,  048 
458,  045 

6,  896,  235 
306,  633 

.  547, 385 

15, 719,  649 

439, 810 

7,  573,  894 
5,  093,  920 

918,  307 

405,  881 

545,  779 

873,  636 

30,913,259 

8, 985,  270 

5, 532,  063 

1,  807, 184 

449,  905 

363,  253 

439.  200 

892/262 

1, 470,  849 

1,  908, 467 

1,  686, 949 

6, 153,  244 

655,  688 

082, 499 

681,  033 

1, 085,  582 

1, 227,  821 

874, 175 

518,622 

805, 482 

1,  211,  867 

1,  637, 467 

600, 844 

1, 105, 295 

338,  965 

441, 874 

3,  387,  230 
558,  734 

1, 428, 297 

3,  770, 179 
458,  488 
654, 212 
789, 198 
615,  751 
.511,  401 
539,  254 

4, 446,  800 
989,  679 
814.  878 
518,  507 
657,  044 
369.  956 

1,  518,  865 
177, 700 

4,  502,  612 
1,  619,  330 

394, 358 

1,  565, 134 

2,  536.  584 
759,427  ! 

1,448,229  I 

2,168,892  t 

53,.')71,667  ! 

C78,  202  1 


192, 675 

580,  046 
310,488 
466,  903 
185,  368 
148,  694 
143,  020 

1,  004,  039 

78,  042 

206,  324 

4,  537,  958 

118.619 

2,  025,  920 
853,  684 

172,  539 
126,  602 
200, 884 
263,  927 

6,  585,  498 
1, 710, 100 
1,  599,  059 
564,  809 
130,  873 
114,  452 
111,187 
233,  084 
451, 904 
438, 922 
577,  791 
1, 406,  306 
211, 099 
171,  817 
137, 518 
321,  025 
154,  237 
310,  286 
78,  061 
113,  8.56 
199,  379 
.504,  680 
219,  720 
298,  990 
100,  815 
104, 161 
964,  732 
198,744 
365,  931 
1, 050, 827 
108,  801 

173,  511 
99,  546 
44,  816 

107,  682 
134,  008 
1,  090,  904 
209, 799 
242,  205 
217, 443 
185,  787 
142, 207 
232,  555 

43. 399 
738.  044 
333,  539 

97, 238 
409,  820 
731,068 
143, 408 
286,  801 
354, 204 
11,  391, 452 
230,  T54 


Local. 


Letters. 


41,  528 
328,111 
211,683 
133,  903 

92,  048 

36,  362 
14, 465 

1,  473, 743 
25,  237 

37,  519 
6,  988,  975 

08,  0.54 

2,305,712 

801,  738 

108, 107 

45,  030 

71,  972 
92,  502 

6,  784, 935 

1,  995, 800 

989,  769 

154,  608 

24,240 

25,  030 

20,  809 

58,  709 

206,  806 

304, 424 

153,  003 

849,  574 

.53,  580 

65,  055 

118,874 

76, 191 

103, 545 

34,  972 

73,  958 

78,  530 

45,  302 

220,  583 

80,  475 
293,  327 

32,  744 
48,  062 
362,  793 

38,  055 
.210, 126 

312,914 
37,  827 
43,  284 

81,  532 
25,  333 
19,  094 

72,  383 
512,  732 
108, 144 

66, 8.50 

22,  833 

35, 175 

24,  742 

125,  390 

31,  917 

700,  563 

200,  892 

47,  340 

124, 830 

555,642 

87,  633 

323,  803 

370,  917 

32,  993,  469 

66, 163 


Postal 
cards. 


38,  837 
298,  241 
150,  353 
1.52, 550 

33,  805 
24, 177 

8,494 

1,  392, 170 

13,  070 

45,  563 

4, 078, 109 

41, 149 

1,  805,  772 

755,199 

108,513 

12,  706 

73, 4.55 

102,  903 

4, 209,  874 

1,  498,  000 

579,  346 

127,  648 

19, 255 

25,  045 
30,  223 
50,  002 

143,  661 

200,  070 

126,  012 

463,  229 

44. 322 

53, 026 

54,  282 

50,  776 

101,640 

65,706 

61,  205 

69,  071 

26,  887 
141,  396 

70,  659 
165,  907 

42,  428 
22,  933 

432, 157 

34,  842 
192, 749 
218,  827 

21,  994 
40, 171 
94, 386 

17,  799 

18,  389 
63,  305 

607, 238 

80, 325 

104,  929 

19,  837 
52, 320 
10.  533 

140,  012 
24, 158 
583,  869 
139, 186 

43,  379 
154,  801 
429, 764 

42,  742 

17.5,525 

380, 113 

13,  424,  710 

60, 856 


;;..  I 


2,532 
10,  690 

8,  B20 
20,  093 

2,851 

6,485 

21,317 

52, 125 

2,800 

4,070 

95,  608 

2,377 

40, 133 

39,  511 

9,190 

3,  i?l)l 

3,041 

10,  352 
305,  2.50 

01,797 
62,  303 
14,947 
2,711 
2,  356 
1,663 
4,800 
12,  788 

9,  957 

11,  964 
70,  792 

0,993 

2,  554 
2, 024 
7,  621 
1,616 
7,862 
1,041 
5, 095 

11,859 
13,871 

3,  601 
5,194 
2.113 
5, 451 

23, 405 
2,  024 
7,  381 

42,  757 
3, 187 
2,  698 
1,833 
2,  076 
2,487 
.5, 159 

49,  910 
::,  1S7 
1,498 
8, 109 
2,972 
4,407 

19,  274 
797 

36,  749 

10,  719 
5,  069 

23, 808 

14,  671 
1,  705 
8,197 

39.  243 

523, 559 

3,383 


477,' 
1,  503,  i 
1,  063,  ( 

1, 347, ; 

434,! 
293,  < 
129.  • 

3,669.) 

191,: 

468,: 

10, 117, 

356, 

5, 150, 

3,  871, ' 
608.) 
310, 
464, 
455,; 

7, 225, ' 

4.  052, 

3. 162, 
1,  282, 

283, 

254, 

207, 

585, 

934. 

1. 175, 

i;  039, 

2, 812, 

518, 

421,  ( 

662, 

471,: 

796,! 

722,: 

611,: 

660, 

444,; 

1,135, 

1,  025, 

1,  072, 

155; 

295, 

1,  920, 

578,: 

814, 

1,  585, 
404,  ( 
41.5, : 
705, 
189, 

4;i3, ; 

237 

2,  300, ! 
580, 
543, 
361, ! 
.500,  ( 
270,  ( 
517 
131,: 

1,  887, : 

1. 163, 
503, '. 

1.218,< 
1, 380. 

513.  ( 

1,  3.50, 

1,573,: 

17,  800,  ( 

4-12,^ 


*  Established  July  1.  ISSl. 


RKPORT    OF    THE   POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 
sys  tent  for  the  f>ical  year  ended  June  30,  lti62. 


861 


Cost  of  service  (iucluding 
iucidental  expeusei<). 


Si 


•1,765  71 

10.  9C9  47 

n,  .113  5t 

^,W0  06 

•_',  495  04 

1,920  JW 

717  «•-» 

50,075  20 

I.  423  86 
1,540  52 

28>«,049  13 

3, 300  54 

196.  533  54 

20,  8)5  D8 
3,464  06 
1,475  8U 
2, 4a';  10 
3,  490  75 
38:»,  716  43 

81,391  28 

50,  rj7  4.-1 
6, 288  40 
1,400  01 
008  10 
2,313  13 
2,415  00 
6,296  57 

12, 722  21 
5,112  99 

22.995  11 
1,723  83 
2,048  86 
3,  ViX  31 

2.338  37 
4,064  10 
1.711  00 
2, 575  77 
3,209  03 
2, 168  18 
6,553  46 
2,787  68 

11,150  13 
1,272  91 
1.750  97 

II,  573  41 

1.339  72 
7.402  44 

12, 656  30 
1,399  61 
1,531  34 
2,  757  73 

1,  252  63 
880  75 

2,914  25 
23,093  50 
4,645  20 
3, 101  67 
1,026  38 
1,896  92 
1. 245  05 
4,012  ti7 
3,T.'7  41 
22.105  06 
8,683  52 
2,0M  16 
5,  r3  24 
16, 024  C6 

2.  573  29 
15. 740  M» 
10,221  M 

1. 620,  wn  :i5 

3,141  00 


862 


TAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


C. — Statement  of  the  ojyerationa  of  the  free-delivery 


Post-offices. 


<u  a 


Delivered. 


Mail. 


Letters. 


Tostal 
cards. 


Local. 


Letters. 


Postal 
cards. 


tr.® 


Oakland,  Cal 

Omaha,  Nebr 

Oswego,  N.Y 

Paterson,  N.  J 

Peoria,  111 

Petersburtih,  Va. ...... 

Philadelphia,  Pa 

Pittsburgh,  Pa 

Portland,  Me 

Portland,  Greg 

Pottsville,  Pa 

Poughkeepsie,  N.  T 

Providence,  R.  I 

Quincy,Ill 

Reading,  Pa 

Richmond,  Ind 

Richmond,  Va 

Rochester,  N.  T 

Sacramento  City,  Cal  .. 

Saint  Joseph,  Mo 

Saint  Louis,  Mo 

Saint  Paul,  Minu 

Salem,  Mass 

San  Francisco,  Cal 

Savannah,  Ga 

Springfield,  111 

Springfield,  Mass 

Springfield,  Ohio 

Sjrracuse,  N.  Y 

Terra  Haute,  Ind 

Toledo,  Ohio 

Topeka,Kan3..... 

Trenton,N.  J 

Troy.N.Y 

mic»,N.Y 

"Washington,  D.  C 

"Wheeling,  "W.  Va 

"Wilmington,  Del 

"Worcester,  Mass 

ZanesvUIe,  Ohio 


10 

12 

6 

10 

9 

6 

334 

38 

10 

5 

4 

7 

31 


18 

29 

5 

10 

128 

20 

7 

68 


762,  739 
310, 400 
500,  989 
765, 731 
862,  581 
500, 173 

578,  438 
545,  988 
783,  298 
29G,  834 
311,  342 
668,  792 
709,  263 
959,  856 
882,  750 
450,  371 
588,  664 
824, 404 
839,  523 
302,  816 
729,  777 
289,  274 
409, 161 
072,  346 
606,  067 
609,  057 
822,  036 

579,  839 
397, 344 
755, 131 
059, 207 
984, 332 
510,  029 
463, 431 
238,  219 
990, 180 
796,  611 
880,  574 
917,  354 
397,  022 


117,  016 
260, 163 

130,  290 
119,  384 
256,  354 
174,  427 

7, 137,  806 
916,  579 

240,  765 
45, 356 

102,  916 

131,  706 
463,  953 
281,294 
246,  304 
180,  646 
522,  094 
630,  013 

58, 841 
386,  270 
3, 167,  070 
578,  913 
125,  698 
601, 453 
186,  212 
196,  781 
260, 446 
232,  245 
460,  316 
287,  863 
389, 338 
228, 700 
134, 273 
587,  329 
394, 108 
801,  306 
273,  325 
209,  932 

241,  206 
157,  395 


63, 

160, 

38, 

92, 

56, 

20, 

15,  939, 

1,  005, 

78, 

40, 

33, 

63, 

439, 

50, 

93, 

32, 

153 

465, 

26, 

162, 

2, 591 

214 

53 

2, 209 

84 

38 

111 

51 

281 

58, 

160, 

113, 

55, 

422, 

131 

680, 

55, 

153, 

146, 

25, 


72, 894 

121, 045 
25, 154 
68, 108 
53, 226 
27,  358 
7, 951,  083 

558, 004 
87,  684 
22, 083 
14, 553 
43,  663 

237,  014 
68,  551 
83, 412 
13,  790 

147, 120 

436,  530 
25, 417 

120,  386 
1,  995,  538 

131,  009 

49, 834 

1, 388, 170 

70,  729 
34,  772 
62, 955 
30,  919 

22«,  082 
53, 263 

150, 481 
75,  971 
40,  763 

250, 282 

71,  668 
459,  285 

51,  970 
114, 315 
147, 180 

20, 752 


2,961 
9,906 
3,309 
3,491 
5,407 
4,748 
182,  215 

25,547 
5,007 
3,419 
1,487 
2,624 
7,027 
8,857 
3,742 
2,  809 

19,  215 

14,  800 
2,274 

13, 623 
162,  074 

31,  526 
1,023 

70,554 
8,040 
4,509 
3,295 

12,563 

11, 053 
6,446 

14, 710 
6,506 
2,030 
6,054 
7,484 

27, 271 
6,778 
3,335 
3,446 
4,026 


597,  034 

1, 014, 7.55 
303, 097 

1,  003, 565 

592, 414 

377, 605 

18,  851, 616 

2, 087,  511 
860, 738 
269, 292 
489, 908 
545,  S96 

1, 195, 497 
578,  239 
609, 213 
359, 443 
746,  552 

1, 972,  976 
247, 495 

1, 074, 418 

5,  627,  067 

1,391,261 
499,  666 

3,  064,  567 
345,  053 
549,  741 
469,  414 
524,  591 

1,  215, 343 
649,624 
8S4, 494 
704, 132 
391,  291 

1, 299, 715 
699, 205 

3,  Oil,  351 
531,  778 
559,  692 
725,  361 
355,  460 


Total 3, 115  i298, 266, 739     71,  481 ,  742     90,  002,  317 

Amount  paid  post-office  inspectors  on  free-delivery  service 

Total „ 


50, 923,  724  i2, 552, 894  1160,  794,  706 


REPORT    OF    THE   POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 


863 


iijstem  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1882 — Continued. 


Collected. 

Pieces  handled. 

Cost  of  service  (includinR 
incidental  expenses). 

o 

t 

"5 

•i 

£b 

a 

C 

u 

m 

S 

1 

5* 

a 

u 

1 

C9 

"£ 

o 

o 

tj) 

a> 

Cfi 

& 

o 

o 

a 

'A 

< 

C< 

< 

(W 

^ 

407,  985 

119,230 

82,117 

2,315,382 

231,538 

$7.  642  41 

3.3 

$764  24 

12.357  35 

474,  985 

273, 918 

77. 077 

3,  7(12, 369 

308,  .-.31 

8 

937  49 

2.4 

761  46 

S60,  25(5 

124,  um 

50,  385 

1,506,089 

2.il,015 

5 

116  17 

3.4 

852  63 

1. :       . 

415,  120 

156,  128 

105,  392 

2.  729.  473 

272  947 

7 

146  51 

2.6 

714  05 

.'i. 

727,  627 

232,  227 

122,  309 

2.  9<j8.  347 

323!  i;'>o 

179  38 

2.5 

797  71 

2,  1  ■!    I'- 

331, 8*5 

213,301 

3J,  740 

1 ,  683,  908 

28U,  651 

4 

071  72 

2.8 

778  62 

ll-.'    <!. 

43, 303,  391 

16,291,112 

10,  659,  :i04 

144.894,869 

433,817 

293 

698  77 

2 

879  34 

488.1177  rO 

2, 623,  389 

937, 852 

3.55,  236 

12,  056,  040 

317,264 

33 

'J67  25 

2.8 

899  14 

32. 5:;  I  G(j 

975, 491 

377,  255 

173.  943 

3,  582,  862 

3.^*,  286 

8 

500  80 

2.4 

850  08 

5,  23.;  48 

512,887 

92, 966 

49. 747 

1,  333, 175 

266,  6.'(5 

4 

508  75 

3.4 

901  75 

•l.A',u  'A 

178.  632 

80.  009 

162, 243 

1,  374, 618 

343,  0.>4 

3 

400  00 

2.5 

850  00 

687,  090 

147,  592 

110,236 

2,401,017 

343,088 

5 

971  95 

2.5 

853  14 

1, 563,  392 

490,664 

171,  836 

0. 277, 874 

202,  512 

26 

412  43 

4.2 

852  08 

1r-   < 

449,  SoG 

212,!»35 

41.137 

2,651.680 

331,461 

6 

732  87 

2.5 

Ml  61 

2.  " 

4.i9, 751 

223, 854 

52, 144 

2,  634.  220 

263.  422 

S 

491  39 

.3.3 

ft49  14 

3 

298, 550 

121,733 

108,116 

1,. 567, 913 

261.319 

3 

530  94 

2. 2 

588  49 

1. 

966, 385 

389,  065 

131,. --uS 

4.  6C4.  060 

259.114 

14 

400  08 

X\ 

8(J3  :« 

5 

1,  792, 810 

541,690 

282. 053 

9.  960.  537 

34:J,  407 

24 

385  51 

2.4 

*\(s  U 

\f'. 

288, 421 

57,  392 

31,538 

1,  077,  446 

215.  4H9 

4 

770  96 

4.4 

9.>4  19 

1. 

1, 032,  829 

405,  389 

184. 096 

4,  682, 223 

4G<>.2J2 

7 

610  27 

1.7 

761  03 

5. :..:  .'I 

8, 864, 219 

3,  275,  924 

2, 252. 277 

41,665,249 

325.  510 

119 

647  59 

2.9 

934  73 

W.  .'■•■!    c 

1,  762, 185 

546,  985 

171.  993 

7,117,207 

:::>:<,  865 

13 

9.53  25 

1.9 

697  66 

8.  li'-.    M, 

302, 619 

94, 125 

65, 147 

1,600,317 

2-.'8,617 

5 

239  13 

3.3 

748  45 

i.;r;  .. 

7, 453, 551 

1,  639,  282 

1, 546.  C21 

23.  046.  513 

365.  822 

61 

6:.0  81 

2.7 

906  63 

61,;'.  •  :- 

605,  245 

199,  917 

91.924 

2, 197,  S.'-O 

274.  7:ui 

5 

900  00 

2.2 

737  .50 

0,  i    ■  : ; 

255, 082 

127,  945 

55.976 

1,  872, 025 

267,  432 

5 

230  05 

2.3 

747  15 

1 

417,710 

147,391 

55, 118 

2.  349,  589 

293,  699 

6 

802  10 

3 

8.50  26 

.5 

208,  386 

94, 408 

28, 951 

1.763.615 

251, 945 

192  75 

3 

741  82 

2.  ■ 

999, 069 

403,  674 

156, 762 

6, 153,  348 

307,  667 

15 

203  58 

2.5 

763  18 

>-.  ;•     ;  1 

641,  512 

354,  063 

236,  450 

3,  043, 160 

3.S0,  3'.»0 

6 

356  15 

2.9 

7!M  .52 

2.  1'  -    \  ' 

1, 286, 738 

553, 007 

302,  809 

5,  800.  991 

3^6.  733 

12 

955  85 

2. 2 

86.3  72 

5,.    ;    1 

636,  696 

216,  867 

65.  509 

3,  032, 330 

.505.  390 

4 

499  88 

r5 

783  81 

3,  ;»■ .'  ■■•■ 

460, 646 

36,  091 

28,  741 

1,6,59,478 

207,  435 

5 

528  21 

3.3 

601  03 

3, '.':'-  'il 

2,  059,  080 

621,  301 

573, 918 

8, 283, 122 

460.  173 

13 

973  81 

1.7 

776  32 

11.  I-  .  '". 

963, 148 

406, 139 

126,680 

4. 037,  691 

:C0.474 

10 

286  2« 

2.5 

8S7  19 

4.  ;-  '   7! 

2,  996, 525 

887, 439 

674,  341 

13,  528,  453 

221,777 

48 

477  99 

3.6 

7M  72 

2«i,  7    '    :". 

716,014 

268, 737 

105, 434 

2,  800,  520 

280,  652 

6 

063  43 

2.4 

666  34 

2,  .  -  '  "  ■ 

471,  940 

195.  628 

31,061 

2,  620,  335 

262,  O.-il 

s 

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3.3 

856  V> 

4.  7:'.  <■- 

499,549 

]y4.!-S7 

43,  553 

2,919,104 

224,  5-tr, 

10 

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3.7 

842  23 

6.  "    ■ 

295, 991 

157,  006 

107, 102 

1,  519,  829 

305,  960 

3 

469  62 

2.3 

G03  92 

1,  ••    1   •  -■ 

808, 352, 819 

09, 421, 132 

61, 7?2, 814 

1,143,018,887 

367,  455 

2,617 
5 

574  5« 
6t)8  18 

2.3 

835  75 

3.810,576  09 

2,  623, 262  74 

864 


PAPEKS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 


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1,644 
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EEPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER  GENERAL. 


867 


Statement  of  the  different  numn  appropriated  nnd  expended  for  tuppliet,  on  acrount  of  the 
blank  agency,  Post-Office  Department,  during  the  fiscal  year  1881-'W. 


Appropria- 
tion. 


Expended. 


Balance. 


Wiapping-paper  ... 

Jute  twine 

Hemp  twine.... 

Cotton  twine... 
Balances  ami  Hcalos. 
Marking  stamps. . . . 


120,000 


55,000 
10,000 
15,000 


Total 

Post-Office  printing  and  binilin^ 
Stationery 


100,  (X)0 

100,  OUO 

9,000 


110,  993  50 
34,  »46  0« 
12,786  00 
5,  322  58 
10,000  00 
14, 016  25 


06,  7(M  4H 

130,  M2  66 

8, 956  06 


259, 000  I      236, 304  10  22, 005  M 


««  41 


2,245  S6 


963  75 


3,  2.35  53 

19.417  34 

43  04 


Amount  of  blanks,  books,  and  facing-slips  issued  by  the  blank  agenry  durinn  the  year 

ing  June  30,  18«.». 


end- 


Qnarter. 


Blanks. 


Booka. 


Focing-alips. 


First  

Second  .. 
Third..., 
Fourth  .. 

Total 


10,781,3.'.O 
11,301,.VJ0 
15,  r><>0,  500 
10,  503.  COO 


48, 170, 950 


18,  OM 
21,  037 
25, 679 
17,003 


82,793 


10,167,600 
7. 210, 000 
7,216,000 
8,  137.  000 


32, 736, 600 


D.  W.  RHODES. 

HujierinUndcnL 


868 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


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REPOftT   OP   THE   POSTMASTEE-GENEBAL. 


869 


Ea.— EXPLANATION  OF  ESTIMATES. 

Post-Office  Department, 
Office  of  First  Assistant  Postmaster-General, 

Wa,shington,  D.  C,  October  23,  1882. 
Sir:  Agreeably  to  your  request,  I  submit  herewith  estimates  of  the 
appropriations  necessary  for  the  use  of  this  otiice  for  the  fiscal  year  end- 
ing June  30,  1884,  under  the  following  heads,  viz  : 

For  compensation  to  postniastors ^. $10,134,091  25 

For  clerks  in  post-offices 4,8i)0,  000  00 

For  free-deliveiv  service 3,600,000  00 

For  rent,  fuel,  and  light 4rX»,  000  00 

For  office  furniture 30,000  00 

For  stationery  in  post-offices 65,  000  OO 

For  miscellaneous  and  incidental  items 90,000  00 

For  wrapping-paper 2r>,  000  00 

For  wrapplug-twino .'>.'),  000  00 

For  marking  and  rating  stamps 'Si.  OOO  00 

For  letter  balances  and  scales ' y.'),  Ot.H)  00 

Ink  for  stamping  and  canceling  purposes 10,  000  00 

Pads  for  stamping  and  canceling  purposes 10,  000  00 

Total  estimate iy,3<'.9,091  2.'. 

or  $2,227,091.25  more  than  the  appropriation  for  the  current  year. 

COMPENSATION  TO  POSTMASTERS. 

The  following  were  the  estimates,  ai)propriation8,  and  expenditures 
for  this  item  for  the  past  two  fiscal  years  : 


1880-'81. 


1881-'82. 


IncrcAM. 


Estiniat-es 

Ap^iropriatioiis. 
KxjMjuuitures... 
Uoficioncy 


$7,  S50,  000  00  $7.  800, 000  00 

7,  50(),  POO  00  7,  8<J«,  000  00 

8, '.»».  741!  70  8, 064.  Q70  72 

70ti,  74::  79  ,  1, 164, 070  72 


Ptr  c*nt. 


8.02 
45.10 


From  the  above  it  will  be  perceived  that  the  exi)enditure8  for  the  fis- 
cal year  ended  June  30, 1882,  exceeded  the  approi)riati(>n  for  that  period 
in  the  sum  of  81,1(34,070.72.  In  anticipation  <»f  a  larger  delicieney,  Con- 
gress, at  its  last  session,  upon  the  lecomnieiidation  of  the  I'ostnuistcr- 
General,  ai)propriatcd  the  sum  of  $l,i;)2,20t».vS.s,  m-  so  much  th»'ns)f  a.s 
might  be  necessary,  to  meet  the  delieit  for  this  item  dniing  the  fiscal 
year.  The  deficiency  reported  by  th^^  Amlitor  (8l,l<3f,(17t5.72)  is  nut  so 
largxi  as  the  amount  api)r<)])iiate4l  by  827,530.00;  but  it  is  expected  that 
when  the  delayed  leturns  from  postmastei-s  for  the  year  shall  have  been 
received,  the  whole  amount  appropriatetl  by  Congress  will  be  expend«'d. 
The  exi>enditures  forthe  past  lisral  year  wt're  also  greater  than  those  of 
the  previous  year  in  the  sum  of  80(ir),033.*.».3,  or  iS.(i2  pertu-nt. 

The  exi)enditures  for  the  past  year  also  ex«'e«'d  the  appropriation 
($8,800,000)  for  the  current  fiscal  year  by  810-I,07(j.72. 

From  the  foregoing  it  will  appear  that  a  very  much  larger  aj)propriii- 
tiou  for  compensation  to  postmasters  should  be  made  for  the  next  fiscal 
year. 

It  has  been  ascertained  tliat  the  conmenNation  of  postmasters  boars  » 
direct  relation  to  the  gross  receipts  of  tne  department.  Tlu'  i)re8ont  law 
regulating  the  compensation  of  postmasters  of  the  tourth  class  went  into 
operation  the  2 1st  -Inly,  1S78. 

DuiLug  the  first  fiscal  year  of  the  change,  ended  June  30,  1878,  it  re- 


^870 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING  THE 


quired  23.9  per  cent,  of  the  gross  receipts  to  pay  the  compensation  of 
l)ostmasters. 

During  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1880,  23.1  per  cent,  was  re- 
quired ;  for  tlie  year  ended  June  30,  1881,  22.5  per  cent,  was  required; 
aiul  for  the  year  ended  June  30,  1882, 21.4  per  cent,  was  necessary. 

It  will  thus  be  seen  that  the  decrease  in  i)ercentage  of  compensation 
to  postmasters  to  the  gross  receipts  has  been  a  steady  one;  and  this  is 
only  natural,  since  the  great  bulk  of  the  receipts  is  collected  at  the 
j larger  offices,  where  the  salaries  are  fixed  by  law.  The  receipts  for  the 
fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1884,  based  on  an  increase  of  10  per  cent, 
upon  the  last  fiscal  year,  have  been  estimated  at  $50,670,456.27.  It  is 
believed  that  not  more  than  20  per  cent,  of  this  amount  will  be  required 
to  pay  postmasters  for  the  next  fiscal  year.  Upon  this  basis  it  is  esti- 
mated that  $10,134,091.25  will  be  necessary  for  the  compensation  of 
postmasters  for  the  year  ending  June  30, 1884.  This  amount  will  be 
$1,334,091.25  greater  than  the  amount  ($8,800,000)  appropriated  for  the 
present  fiscal  year,  or  an  increase  of  15.16  per  cent. 

An  essential  element  in  the  above  estimate  is  the  increase  under  the 
biennial  readjustment  of  July  1st  last  in  the  salaries  of  postmasters  at 
first,  second,  and  third  class  offices,  amounting  to  $563,400  more  than 
was  paid  last  year. 

CLERKS  IN  POST-OFFICES. 

The  estimates,  ai)propriations,  and  expenditures  for  this  purpose  for 
the  past  two  fiscal  years  were  as  follows : 


1880-'81. 


1881-'82. 


Increase. 


Estimates 

Appropriations 
Expenditnres... 


$3,  650,  000  00 
3,  680, 000  00 
3, 676, 755  22 


$3, 850,  000  00 

;   3, 850,  000  00 

>       100, 000  00 

3, 908,  396  60 


Per  cent 


7.33 
6.30 


The  appropriation  of  $3,850,000  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30, 
1882,  was  found,  after  six  months  of  the  year  had  expired,  to  be  in- 
adequate for  the  necessities  of  the  service,  and  upon  the  recommen- 
dation of  the  Postmaster-General  an  additional  $100,000  for  the  year 
was  appropriated  by  Congress  on  the  6th  of  March  last  for  this  item, 
making  the  whole  amount  $3,950,000.  This  appropriation  was  $270,000, 
or  7.33  per  cent,  greater  than  for  the  previous  year.  The  appropriation 
for  the  present  fiscal  year  is  $4,385,000. 

The  expenditures  for  the  last  fiscal  year  amounted  to  $3,908,396.60, 
or  $41,603.40  less  than  the  appropriation.  In  no  other  fiscal  year  have 
the  requests  for  additional  allowances  for  clerical  service  and  separating 
mails  in  post-offices  been  so  numerous  or  so  urgent  as  the  past.  These 
requests  have  been  made  by  postmasters  in  aU  sections  of  the  country, 
but  they  have  been  especially  necessary  in  the  rapidly-growing  portions 
of  the  West  and  Southwest.  Postmasters  at  many  of  the  principal 
cities  in  the  older  States  have  also  applied  for  additional  allowances  for 
clerk-hire,  in  consequence  of  the  great  increase  of  the  business  of  their 
offices  from  registered  matter,  merchandise  passing  through  the  mails, 
and  from  other  causes.  After  the  passage  of  the  act  granting  $100,000 
additional  for  this  purpose  foj^  the  past  fiscal  year,  I  found  myself 
somewhat  embarassed,  owing  tOTiiany  deserving  applications,  in  makiug 
a  proper  disposition  of  it. 

The  commission  referred  to  in  my  report  to  the  Postmaster-General 
was  determined  upon  as  a  measure  of  relief,  as  well  as  with  a  view  to 


REPORT    OF   THE    POST^IASTER-GENERAL 


871 


the  better  organization  of  the  service  in  several  of  the  large  cities.  The 
adoption  of  their  reconiraeii<lations  resulted  in  a  considoiabh^  saving  of 
funds,  and  furnished  a  better  basis  for  making  future  allowances  at  the 
offices  visited.  This  did  not  aflord  sutli«;ient  rebel",  liowever,  nor  li;i\  e 
I  3'et  been  able,  with  the  ai>i)roi)riati<)n  at  my  command,  to  grant  all  the 
requests  from  the  South  and  West,  which  arc  e<iually  urgenr,  though 
the  revenue  dcriveil  from  these  ollices  is  not  so  large  as  fr<un  many  in 
the  Xorth  and  East,  nor  is  it  in  numerous  instances  at  all  in  proportion 
to  the  great  amount  of  labor  required. 

I  have  therefore  estimated  the  amount  necessary  to  be  ap])ropriated 
for  clerks  in  postofiices  for  the  fiscal  j-ear  ending  June  M),  1881,  at 
$4,850,000,  which  is  $405,000,  or  lO.G  i)er  cent.,  greater  than  the  appro- 
priation for  the  current  year.  I  consider  this  amount  absolutely  re(iui- 
site  to  meet  the  rapidly  increasing  and  important  requests  of  this  char- 
acter which  are  constantly  being  received,  and  are  made  necessary  by 
the  remarkable  expansion  of  postal  business  in  all  sections  of  the 
country. 

FREE-DELIVERY  SERVICE. 

The  following  were  the  estimates,  appropriations,  and  exi)enditures 
for  this  services  and  the  incidental  expenses  thereof,  during  the  two 
past  fiscal  years : 


1880-'81. 


1881-'82. 


Increue. 


Estimates 

Appropriations. 
Expenditares... 


$2, 500, 000  00 
2,  500,  000  00 
2, 499, 911  54 


|2. 700, 000  00 

C  2,  BOO,  000  00 

\         25,  OiW  00 

2,  (Ka,  2C2  74 


Per  cent. 


S 
4.93 


This  system  was  in  operation  on  the  30th  of  Juno  last  in  112  of  the 
principal  cities  of  the  country,  and  employed  o,115  carriers.  It  has  been 
extended  to  25  other  cities  since  that  date. 

The  regular  appropriation  of  $2,000,000  for  the  past  fiscal  year  wa« 
increasedin  thesum  of  $25,000, to  meet  ananticii)ated  deficiency,  making 
$2,025,000  for  the  period,  and  an  increase  of  $125,000,  or  5  jkt  cent.,  over 
that  of  the  previous  year.  The  expenditures  were  $2,02;{,202.71  lor  the 
fiscal  year,  or  $1,737.20  less  than  the  appropriation.  The  co.st  of  the 
service  was  increased  $123,351.20  over  that  of  the  preceding  year,  prin- 
cipally owing  to  the  appointment  of  additional  carriers  in  cities  where 
the  service  was  already  in  operation.  The  service  was  extended  to  only 
three  cities  during  the  year. 

The  postage  on  local  matter  for  the  year  was  $*3,810,57(;.00,  an  incn-aso 
of  $542,945.70  for  the  year.  The  average  cost  ])er  i)ie<'e  for  luunUing 
matter  was  2.3  mills,  a  decrease  of  0.1  mill  as  compared  with  thejast 
year.     The  average  cost  i)er  carrier  was  $835.75,  a  <lecrease  of  $37.70. 

The  appropriation  for  the  jiresent  liscal  year  is  $3,-JOO,000,  of  which 
amount  $200,000  was  ap|)ro|)riated  by  the  terms  of  the  act  of  August 
2,  1882,  which  law  requires  the  promotion  of  carriers  to  the  next  higher 
grade  after  one  year's  service. 

For  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1884,  it  is  estimated  that  an  ap- 
propriation of  $3,000,000  will  be  required  in  order  that  free  delivery  may 
be  extended  to  other  cities  i)ossi'ssing  the  necessary  qualification>J.  either 
of  population  (20,000)  or  of  gross  revenue  (isL'O.OOO)  from  the  j^ 
that  provision  may  bo  made  for  the  di'velopment  of  the  serv. 
it  already  exists,  and  that  the  pay  of  certain  carriers  may  be  iuciva.se.l 
under  the  provisions  of  the  law  above  nuuilioned. 


872 


TAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 


The  increase  of  eatiniate  is  $400,000,  or  12  per  cent,  more  than  the 
amouut  ai)i)r()priatcd  for  tlie  current  year. 

A  detailed  explanation  of  the  expenses  of  this  service,  as  well  as  of 
its  popularity  and  usefulness,  will  be  found  in  my  annual  report  to  the 
Postmaster-General. 

KENT,  LianT,  AND  FUEL. 

The  estimates,  appropriations,  and  expenditures  for  tliis  item  for  the 
two  last  fiscal  years  were  as  follows: 


1880-'81. 


1881-'82. 


Estimates 

Appropriationa 
Expenaitures.. 


$450, 000  00 
425,  ODD  00 
382,  714  8G 


$500,  000  00 
425, 000  00 
401, 978  04 


Increase. 


Fer  cent. 


5.03- 


The  estimate  for  these  items  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1884, 
is  $450,000,  the  same  as  the  appropriation  for  the  current  year,  and  it 
exceeds  the  exjienditures  for  the  past  year  in  the  sum  of  $48,021.96, 
or  11.94  per  cent.  By  law  allowances  of  this  character  are  made  only 
at  offices  of  the  first  and  second  classes,  or  where  the  salaries  of  the 
postmasters  are  $2,000  and  upwards  i>er  annum,  and  they  are  usually 
based  upon  the  amounts  received  at  the  diifereut  oftices  from  box-rents 
and  the  commissions  upon  the  sales  of  stamps.  The  Increase  in  these 
allowances  during  the  past  fiscal  year  over  that  of  the  preceding  one 
was  $19,263.18,  or  5.03  per  cent.  Of  the  whole  amount  expended,  about 
$305,000  was  for  rent  of  buildings  for  post-offices. 

It  has  been  my  endeavor  duiing  the  time  I  have  been  in  the  depart- 
ment to  secure  for  use,  when  permitted  to  do  so  by  the  postal  laws,  a 
better  class  of  buildings  in  the  different  cities  for  post-offices  than  have 
heretofore  been  occupied,  and  my  ellorts  have  been  attended  with  con- 
siderable success  in  mauj'  places.  Still  further  improvements  can  be 
made  and  advantages  secured  in  this  particular,  as  the  inhabitants  of 
the  larger  cities  (where  government  buildings  do  not  exist)  have  become 
aware  of  the  importance  of  a  well-built  and  well-finished  structure  for 
postal  business.  With  this  object  in  view  I  consider  that  an  apiDropria- 
tion  of  $450,000  Avould  not  be  excessive  for  these  items. 

I  am  also  of  the  opinion  that  some  provision  should  be  made  by  Con- 
gress by  which  postmasters  of  the  third  class,  whose  salaries  are  $1,000- 
and  less  than  $2,000  per  annum,  should,  to  a  certain  extent,  be  relieved 
from  the  payment  of  the  rent  of  their  oliices  out  of  their  salaries.  Con- 
sidering that  the  revenues  of  the  department  for  the  past  fiscal  year 
exceeded  the  ex])euditures,  it  seems  to  me  that  liberality  could  be  ob- 
served in  this  direction. 

OFFICE  FURNITURE. 

The  estimates,  appropriations,  and  exijeuditures  for  this  purpose  for 
the  past  two  years  were  as  follows : 


1880-'81. 


18Sl-'82. 


Increase.  • 


Estimates 

Appropriations 
Expenuilures.. 


$20, 000  00 
20,  OCO  00 
19,  29C  87 


$2.1,  000  00 
20,  000  00 
20,  716  64 


Ter  cent. 


7.35 


The  appropriation  for  this  item  for  the  present  fiscal  year  is  .S20,000, 
or  the  same  as  for  the  previous  yecw.  and,  in  my  judgment,  is  entirely 


REPORT    OF   THE    POSTMASTER-GEKERAL.  873 

too  small  for  the  purpoiso.  The  postal  attairs  of  the  country  cannot  be 
properly  and  expeditiously  conducted  unless  tiie  ollices  an?  furnishwl 
with  suitable  facilities  in  the  way  of  furniture,  such  as  tables  for  as 
sorting  the  mails,  desks  for  writing;-,  ra«»ks  lor  hanj^in.^^  the  mail-bags, 
and  many  other  articles  which  are  absolutely  ne<;essary  for  the  jirojjer 
transaction  of  business.  I  regret  to  say  that  within  'my  own  knowl- 
edge there  are  many  jjost-offices  so  ill-|>rovided  in  these  respects  that 
it  is  a  source  of  unfavorable  comment  by  their  patrons  upon  the  de- 
partmental management.  Many  i)0Stmaster8  have  been  comi)elled  to 
provide  articles  of  furniture  at  their  own  expense,  and  assume  the  risk 
of  disposing  of  them  to  their  successors.  Especially  is  this  the  case  in 
the  matter  of  safes,  which  are  indispensable  in  all  of  the  larger  oflices. 
During  the  past  year  tiie  a])plJcations  of  jiost masters  to  have  oflices 
supplied  with  them  have  been  more  numerous  than  ever  before.  Con- 
sidering that  it  was,  to  a  certain  extent,  both  economical  and  proj^er  to 
provide  safes  for  many  of  tlu)  important  ollices  where  much  registered 
matter  is  sent  for  distribution  to  other  i)oints,  I  ha\e  made  fpiite  a 
number  of  allowances  for  that  purpose  during  tiie  year,  and  the  bills 
for  such  items  having  be«'n  i)reseut<Ml  earlier  tlian  was  anticipated,  a 
deficiency  of  $710.04:  has  thereby  been  create<l.  1  have  estimated  the 
amount  requisite  for  this  item  for  the  liscal  year  ending  June  -lO.  Itt84, 
at  $30,000,  an  increase  of  50  per  cent,  over  the  api>ropriation  for  the 
j>resent  yea/,  and  firmly  believe  the  public  interests  require  it. 

STATIONERY  IN  POST-OFFICES. 

The  following  were  the  estimates,  appropriations,  and  expenditures 
for  this  item  for  the  past  two  fiscal  years : 


Estimates 

Appropriations. 
Expuuditurcs... 


1880-'81. 


1881-82.        Increue. 
I  Per  MnL 


$50,000  00'    ♦00,000  00  

fiO,  OOO  00  '     50,  000  00  I 

49,  238  45  1     50.  517  28  {       14 


The  approiJiiation  tor  stationery  for  the  current  fiscal  year  is  i»<r).5,0tM), 
which  is  $5,000,  or  10  i)er  cent.,  moi-e  than  wasgranlcMl  for  either  of  the 
two  previous  yeais,  while  the  expenditures  fur  the  year  1881-82  ex- 
ceeded the  ap|>rojiriali(m  ibr  this  item,  for  the  same  ])eriod.  in  the  sum 
of  80,517.28,  thereby  causing  u  deficiency  for  the  year  of  lliat  amount. 
The  expenditures  for  the  i»ast  year  were  greater  than  those  of  the  pre- 
vious year  by  $7,278.83.  or  M  per  cent. 

I  much  regret  that  a  deficiency  should  have  occjiiTcd  for  stationery 
during  the  past  year.  The  causes  were  that  no  iucreiise  was  matle  In 
the  ai)propriation  lor  this  item  for  the  year,  although  an  estimate  for 
$10,000  Mddilional  was  made;  that  the  lerpiests  Vor  th«<  articles  used 
under  this  item  are  becoming  more  numerous  and  urgent  <'acii  year, 
and  in  the  same  <b'gree  in  which  tlie  postal  business  is  augmeute<l:  and 
further,  that  by  the  regulations  of  the  departnu-nt,  postmasters  at  first 
and  second  class  oflices  (the  only  ones  who  are  entitled  to  allowances 
for  these  items)  are  ])ermitH'd  to  jturchasi'  the  necessary  stationei'y 
without  making  a])i)licatiou  to  tlMMleparlmeiit  f«>r  flu- same.  The  sta- 
tionery used  by  nniny  post  oflice  inspectors  ami  railway  mail  service 
sui)erintendents  has  also  been  paid  tor  out  of  this  item. 

It  is  the  fust  finie  that  a  (h'(icien<'y  in  this  appropriation  has  occurred 
in  s(^veral  years,  and  it  «'ould  have  Iven  avoided  if  the  returns  <of  the 
postmasters  to  the  Au<litor  wer«Meadily  accissible  at  thet-nd  oTj-ach 
quarter.     The  esiimatc  lor  this  item    fv)r  the  next   fiscal  yeai*  has    iVeell 


874 


PAPERS  ACCOMPANYING  THE 


placed  at  $65,000,  au  increase  of  $10,000,  or  18  per  cent,  over  that  of 
the  current  year,  and  I  know  of  no  good  reason  wliy  that  appropriation 
should  not  be  made. 

MISCELLANEOUS  AND   INCIDENTAL  ITEMS. 

The  following  were  the  estimates,  ai)propriation8,  and  expenditures 
for  these  items  during  the  two  past  fiscal  years: 


Estimates 

Appropriations 
Expeuaiturea . . 


1880-'81. 


$90,  000  00 
85,  000  00 
80,  989  15 


1881-'82. 


Increase. 


$100,000  00 
90,  OOO  00 
68,  594  76 


Per  cent. 


Decrease. 


Per  cent. 


15.30 


The  appropriation  for  the  present  fiscal  year  is  890,000,  or  the  same 
as  for  the  last  year,  and  is  but  85,000,  or  5.88  per  cent.,  greater  than 
that  for  the  year  ended  June  30,  1880-'81.  It  will  be  perceived  that 
the  expenditures  for  the  past  fiscal  year  were  812,394.39,  or  15.30  per 
cent,  less  than  for  the  year  previous.  This  was  mainly  due  to  the  fact 
that  the  expenses  for  the  miscellaneous  and  incidental  items  of  the  rail- 
way mail  service,  heretofore  charged  to  this  office,  were,  during  the 
last  half  of  that  fiscal  year,  transferred  to  the  accounts  of  the  Second 
Assistant  Postmaster- General's  office,  in  the  absence  of  any  specific 
appropriation  therefor.  ]S"evertheless  I  do  not  anticipate  that  the  ex- 
penditures for  these  items  will  again  be  as  low  as  they  were  during  the 
past  year. 

The  same  necessity  exists  as  heretofore  for  the  rental  of  telephones, 
for  telegraphic  communications,  and  the  many  other  expenses  incidental 
to  the  proper  dispatch  of  business  in  post-offices,  and  must  necessarily 
increase  in  proportion  as  the  country  expands  and  the  postal  business 
increases.  Post-offices  cannot  be  successfully  conducted  without  the 
numerous  little  appliances  to  facilitate  business  which  are  ordinarily 
seen  in  other  large  public  and  private  establishments;  and  I  have 
therefore  estimated  the  amount  necessary  for  these  items  for  the  next 
fiscal  year  at  890,000,  or  the  same  as  appropriated  for  the  present  year. 

BLANK  AGENCY. 

Some  time  prior  to  my  report  of  last  year  tliis  division  of  the  depart- 
ment was  detached  from  this  bureau  and  assigned  by  the  Postmaster- 
General  to  his  officej  hence  no  estimates  were  then  prepared  by  me  for 
its  appropriations. 

The  division  having  been  since  restored  to  the  office  of  the  First  As- 
sistant Postmaster-General,  the  estimates  for  its  service  are  again  sub- 
mitted by  that  officer. 

WRAPPING-PAPER. 

The  estimates,  appropriations,  and  expenditures  for  this  article  for  the 
two  past  fiscal  years  were  as  follows : 


1880-'81. 


1881-'82. 


Increase.  Decrease. 


Estimates 

Appropriations 
Espenditores.. 


$20,  000  00 
20,  000  00 
24,  900  00 


$20,  000  00 

J         20,  000  00 

\  5.  000  00  ' 

19,  993  59 


Per  cent 


Per  cent 


19.  7J 


REPORT   OF   THE   POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 


875 


The  appropriation  for  tliis  it«^in  lor  tlic  current  iiscul  year  is  $l'2,000, 
or  10  per  c<;iit.  over  tlie  expenditures  of  the  hist  year. 

Ill  autieipatiou  of  a  delieieiicy  for  this  article  (lurinjj  tlio  i)ast  year, 
an  additional  ap[)iopriation  of  $.5,000  was  asked  for.  it  was  not  ^iven, 
however,  until  very  late  in  tiie  session  (Au;,Mist5,  l.S.SL*),  and  consequently 
was  not  available  during  tin;  ii.seal  year.  It  will  be  observed  that  tlui 
expenditures  for  the  liscal  year  ]880-'81  were  $4,000.51  j;reater  than  tor 
the  last  year,  which  was  owinjj  to  the  greater  demand  by  postmasters 
for  wrapping-i)aper,  and  a  higher  contract  price  for  the  article. 

To  meet  the  possible  increase  in  the  price  of  wrapping-paper,  and  to 
provide  for  the  additional  demand,  especially  for  projjcrly  jueparing 
packages  of  registered  matter  and  merchandise  for  mailing,  I  have  esti- 
mated the  appropriation  requisite  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 
1884,  at  825,000,  or  the  same  as  the  total  amount  granted  last  year,  and 
an  increase  of  13.63  per  cent,  over  the  present  appropriation. 

WRAPPING-TWINE. 

The  following  were  the  estimates,  appropriations,  and  expenditures 
for  this  item  during  the  two  imst  fiscal  years: 


1880-'81. 


1881-'82, 


I>«onM«. 


Estimates 

AppropriHtions 
Expentliiurcs.. 


fiO,  000  00 
55,000  00 
84,G03  38 


9.^0.000  00 
65,000  00 
52,754  04 


Pw  tent. 


37.64 


The  appropriation  for  the  present  fiscal  year  is  $55,000,  or  the  same 
as  for  the  preceding  year.  It  is  also  an  increase  of  4.25  per  cent,  over 
the  expenditures  for  this  article  for  the  last  fiscal  year.  It  will  be  noticed 
that  the  expenditnres  for  the  year  ended  June  30, 1881,  were  $31,848.74, 
or  G0.37  per  cent,  in  excess  of  those  for  the  i)ast  year.  This  was  mainly 
due  to  the  high  contract  price  of  the  article  iis  compared  with  jjivvious 
years.  Hence  it  will  be  seen  that  an  estimate  cannot  easily  be  made 
for  a  commodity  which  is  so  liable  to  lluctnate  in  value,  but  I  submit 
the  same  estimate  for  the  year  ending  June  30, 1884,  as  for  the  last  year, 
$55,000,  in  the  hope  that  it  will  be  sullieieiit  to  cover  all  contingencies. 
This  amount  is  the  same  as  the  appropriation  for  the  present  year. 

MARKING  AND  RATING  STAMPS. 

The  estimates,  appropriations,  and  expenditures  for  these  articles  for 
the  past  two  fiscal  years  were  as  follows: 


EstiinatoH 

Appr()i>i'iutiiiii0'. 
ExpenilitiireB... 


1880-'81. 


fi:.,  WO  00 
1.1.  :-'<»  (K) 

la,  4-J0  50 


188t-'8X 


InCTMM. 


115.000  00 
15.000  00 
14, 144  SO 


II,  500  00 
M4  80 


The  ai)piO])riation  for  these  items  for  the  current  fiscal  year  is  the 
same  as  for  the  last  one,  .$15,000,  and  exceeds  the  expenditures  for  the 
past  year  in  the  sum  of  only  $S."i5.70. 

The  expendituH's  for  the  liseal  year  just  closed  were  but  $G44.S0 
greater  than  tlios*'  for  the  year  i>revious.  It  will  therefore  be  jieireived 
that  the  recent  appropriations  for  the  above  articles  have  not  been  at 
all  extravagant. 


876 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING  THE 


I  have  estimated  the  a]>pro])riation  necessary  for  these  items  for  the 
fiscal  year  endiu^  June  30,  1884,  at  825,000,  an  iucrease  of  $10,000,  or 
6()§  per  cent,  over  that  for  tlie  present  year;  and  have  done  so  for  the 
following  reasons: 

By  tlie  postal  regulations  it  is  necessary  that  the  gross  receipts  of  a 
post-oliice  should  be  S50  per  annum  to  entitle  it  to  receive  a  letter  bal- 
ance aiul  a  marking  and  rating  staui])  at  the  expense  of  the  department. 
This  regulatum  has  been  productive  of  much  inconvenience  both  to  the 
l)Ostmaster  and  the  public,  and  has  undoubtedly  been  the  cause  of  con- 
siderable loss  of  revenue  to  the  dei)artment,  from  the  failure  of  the 
postmaster  to  properly  weigh,  rate  up,  and  cancel  the  postage-stamps 
upon  the  mailable  matter  deposited  in  his  office.  The  number  of  post- 
offices  so  dei)rived  of  these  facilities  for  postal  business  is  estimated  at 
10,000,  and  at  these  offices  such  stamps  as  are  used  have  been  paid  for 
by  the  postmaster. 

The  Postmaster-General  having  called  the  attention  of  Congress  to 
this  matter,  an  appropriation  of  835,000  was  made  at  the  last  session 
for  the  purpose  of  partially  remedying  it,  and  already  under  the  law 
about  800  fourth-class  offices  have  been  sujiplied  "with  the  necessary 
implements  for  canceling  stamps  and  weighing  and  post-marking  mail 
matter,"  the  limit  being  the  value  of  $5  to  each  office.  Itemized  this 
expense  is  about  as  follows: 

Scales $2  80 

Stamp 79 

Pad 60 

Ink 40 

Total.-. 4  59 

The  above  appropriation  for  this  purpose  will  therefore  supply  about 
7,000  post-offices,  and  it  is  with  a  view  of  furnishing  the  remaining  3,000 
with  these  implements,  and  also  supplying  all  new  offices  with  these 
materials,  that  the  increase  of  810,000  is  in  part  asked  for.  Postmas- 
ters at  many  of  the  larger  offices  also  frequently  request  to  be  furnished 
with  new  marking  and  rating  stamps,  in  consequence  of  the  old  ones 
having  become  damaged  or  inaccurate.  Ordinaiily  these  stamps  have 
to  be  renewed  in  all  offices  after  from  two  to  four  years'  use. 

The  following  were  the  estimates,  appropriations,  and  expenditures 
for  tiiese  items  for  the  two  past  fiscal  years : 


18S0-'81. 


1881-'82. 


Increase. 


Estimates 

Appi  opriations 
Expenaiturea.. 


$10,  000  00 
8,  000  00 
7,  907  80 


$10,  000  00 
10,  OIK)  00 
10, 000  00 


Per  cent 


25.00 
25.03 


The  appropriation  for  these  articles  for  the  current  fiscal  year  is 
),000,  or  50  per  cent,  more  than  for  the  previous  one,  and  it  is  like- 
wise 50  per  cent,  more  than  the  expenditures  for  the  past  year,  which 
exceeded  those  of  the  fiscal  vcar  1S80-'81  in  the  sum  of  $2,002.20,  or 
25.03  per  cent. 

In  my  remarks  above  in  connection  with  a  largely  increased  estimate 
for  the  articles  of  marking  and  rating  stamps,  I  have  substantially  as- 
signed reasons  why  a  much  larger  appropriation  should  also  be  made 
for  letter-balances,  scales,  and  test-weights.  I  therefore  consider  further 
explanation  unnecessary  for  submitting  an  estimate  of  $25,000  for  these 
items.    This  is  an  increase  of  $10,000,  or  6G§  per  cent,  over  the  present 


REPORT  OP  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL.         877 

appropriation,  and,  in  my  opinion,  is  fully  justitied  by  the  benefit  ex- 
pected to  be  conferred  upon  the  department  if  it  shall  be  given. 

INK  FOE  STAMPING  AND   CANCELING  PURPOSES. 

This  item  bas  not  been  before  included  in  the  regular  estimates. 

In  pursuance  of  the  policy  adopted  at  the  last  session  of  Congress 
with  reference  to  fourth-class  offices,  alluded  to  above  in  my'estimate 
for  marking  and  rating  stamps,  I  am  of  the  oi)imon  that  it  should  here- 
after be  annually  mentioned  as  ne<.'essaiy.  li\  order,  therefore,  that  p«st- 
offices  now  denied  this  article  at  departmental  exi)ense  may  be  supi)li«'<l 
thierewith,  I  have  to  suggest  that  >!10,0CM)  be  asked  for  this  item  for  the 
next  tiscal  year. 

In  this  connection  I  desire  to  say,  that  of  the  many  articles  use<l  by 
postmasters  in  the  transaction  of  their  business,  none  is  of  couipara- 
tively  more  value  in  its  relations  to  the  revenue  of  the  department  than 
ink  for  stamping  and  canceling  purposes.  Unless  it  is  of  fin])erior 
quality,  and  uniformly  used,  many  irregularities  must  occur  iu  postal 
matters,  and  the  proceeds  of  the  sales  of  many  stamps  must  be  neutral- 
ized by  their  imperfect  cancellation.  I  am  aware  that  the  matter  of 
j)rocuring  an  ink  suitable  in  color,  and  at  the  same  time  indelible,  and 
furnishing  it  without  expense  to  all  postmasters  for  use  iu  their  j)ostal 
business,  has  been  many  times  under  consideration  by  the  department. 
Postmasters  at  fii-st  aud  second  chiss  offices  have  found  it  absolutely 
necessary  to  use  the  best  quality  of  ink  they  could  procure,  aud  their 
returns  for  the  expense  of  the  same  have  been  made  and  allowo<l  in 
their  quarterly  accounts.  Postmasters  at  many  other  ottices  have  l^een 
in  the  habit  of  furnishing,  at  their  own  expense,  staini)ing  ink  of  various 
colors  aud  grades,  which  in  many  instances  have  not  proved  at  all  suit- 
able for  the  purpose.  Under  these  circumstances  I  consider  that  if 
Congi-ess  would  give  its  attention  to  this  matter  and  authorize  the  Post- 
mavSter-General  to  expend  a  suitable  amount  of  money  for  the  purchase 
of  a  proper  ink  for  canceling  purposes,  to  be  used  in  all  fiost-offices,  such 
action  would  be  of  inestimable  benefit  to  the  dei)artment.  I  hope  that 
you  will  take  occasion  to  recommend  that  this  be  done. 

PADS  FOR   STAMPING  AND   (^ANCELING  PURPOSES. 

This  item  has  not  before  been  estimated  for  in  the  usual  manner.  The 
provision  made  for  their  purchase  at  fourth-class  oflices,  referred  to 
under  the  head  of  marking  and  rating  stamps,  necessitates  an  estimate 
for  them  for  the  next  tiscal  year.  1  suggest  that  .*1(),00()  be  appro- 
priated for  these  articles,  as  they  are  a  necessary  accompaniment 
wherever  stamping-ink  is  used  for  canceling  puri>oscs. 

DEPARTMENTAL  PRINTING,  BINDING,  ETC. 

The  estimate  for  this  item  for  the  next  fiscal  year  lias  l>een  prepared 
in  this  office,  and  forwarded  by  the  Postmaster-General  to  the  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury,  in  accordance  with  the  previous  practice. 

DEPARTMENTAL  STATIONERY. 

The  estimate  for  this  item  lias  been  prepared,  and  will  bo  a<ldrossed, 
according  to  custom,  to  the  Postmaster  (Icneral,  who  will  include  it  in 
the  statement  to  be  snbmilted  by  him  relative  to  estimates  for  other 
departmental  exi)enses  for  the  next  llscal  year. 

The  aggregate  (»f  the  above  estimate  is,  as  before  stated,  ?in..V»0,<Kll.'jr), 
which  is  $2,227, 01>1. 2"),  or  12.00  per  « t-nt..  muic  than  the  ap|'ro})riafion'> 
for  the  cun-eut  iiscal  year. 


878  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING  THE 

A  tabular  statement,  marked  E,  will  be  found  appended  to  these  esti* 
mates,  giving  further  information  in  regard  to  them. 

SUMMARY. 

Estimate  for  1881-'82,  $15,135,000. 

Estimate  for  1882-'83,  $16,777,000;  increase,  $1,642,000,  or  10.80  per 
cent. 

Estimate  for  1883-'84,  $19,369,091.25;  increase,  $2,592,091.25,  or  15.45 
per  cent. 

Appropriation  for  1881-'82,  $16,257,206.88. 

Appropriations  for  1882-'83,  $17,142,000 ;  increase,  $884,793.12,  or  5.44 
per  cent. 

Expenditures  for  1880-'81,  $15,138,650.66. 

Expenditures  for  1881-^82,  $16,141,035.31;  increase,  $1,002,384.65,  or 
662  per  cent. 

In  closing  the  above  statement,  it  is  proper  to  say  that  unless  the 
original  appropriations  for  the  past  fiscal  year  had  been,  in  some  in- 
stances, considerably  increased  by  subsequent  legislation  during  the 
last  session  of  Congress,  the  postal  business,  so  far  as  the  allowances 
of  this  bureau  for  the  service  are  concerned,  could  not  have  been  con- 
ducted so  satisfactorily  as  it  has  been.  I  hope  that  an  equally  liberal 
spirit  will  be  manifested  by  Congress  in  the  consideration  of  the  present 
estimates,  and  that  there  will  be  no  hesitation  among  the  members  of 
that  body  in  doing  all  that  seems  reasonable  and  proper  to  aid  in  pro- 
moting the  efficiency  of  the  postal  service  by  gi-anting  the  enlarged 
appropriation  asked  for. 


Very  respectfully, 


Hon.  T.  O.  Howe, 
Postmaster-  General. 


FEANK  HATTOi^, 
First  Assistant  Postmaster- General. 


EEPORT  OF   THE  SECOND   ASSISTAl^T   POSTMASTER- 

GENERAL. 

Post-Office  Department, 
Office  of  the  Second  Assistant  Postmaster-General, 

Washington,  D.  C,  October  20, 1882. 

Sir:  The  cost  of  inland  transportation  June  30, 1882,  was: 

Of  1,389  railroad  routes,  aggregating  100,563  miles $12,753,184 

Of  109  steamboat  routes,  aggregating  15, 434  miles 574 ,019 

Of  10,797  star  routes,  aggregating  227,621  miles 5,553,849 

Total  cost 18,881,052 

Comparison  with  the  last  annual  statement  shows,  for  the  railroad 
service  an  increase  of  195  routes,  of  8,994  miles,  and  of  $1,139,816  in 
annual  cost;  for  the  steamboat  service,  a  decrease  of  17  routes,  of  5,704 
miles,  and  of  $179,148  in  annual  cost;  for  the  star  service,  an  increase 
of  525  routes,  a  decrease  of  3,678  miles  upon  contract  prices  and  annual 
salaries,  irrespective  of  fines  and  deductions ;  hence  the  apparent  dis- 
crepancy between  those  tables  and  the  Auditor's  statement. 


REPORT   OF   THE    POSTMASTER-GENERAL.  879 

STAR  SERVICE. 

In  my  preceding  report  the  orders  reducing  the  star  service  were 
stated  to  June  30,  1881,  and  since  that  date  the  following  reductions 
have  been  made:  July,  1881,  $384,397;  August,  $lli2,G-47;  September, 
$111,050;  October,  $83,451;  November,  $145,327;  December,  $210,831 ; 
January,  1882,  867,539;  February,  $45,012;  March,  $41,«J29;  April, 
$16,988;  May,  $7,903;  and  June,  $39,059.     Total,  $1,275,890. 


Aggregate  decrease , 1 $1,275,809 

Aggregate  increase 411,093 

Net  decrease 6454,806 

In  all  cases,  to  determine  the  proper  measure  of  increase  or  decrease 
of  service, 

THE  PRODUCTIVENESS  OF  THE  ROUTES 

is  one  of  the  standards  by  which  the  postal  necessities  of  the  people  are 
considered,  and  in  the  endeavor  to  supply  all  communities  with  ade- 
quate facilities  the  gauge  of  revenue  to  assist  in  determining  the  fre- 
quency and  cost  of  service  is  relaxed  in  respect  to  the  extreme  western 
section  of  the  country.  In  that  section,  in  many  cases,  to  sujjply^  oflices 
of  the  same  grade  as  those  in  the  Eastern  States,  the  cost  of  an  oqual 
number  of  trips  per  week  is  greater  on  account  of  the  increase  of  dis- 
tance and  the  comparative  difliculty  of  traversing  the  routes,  and 
the  same  j^rinciple  is  observed  with  regard  to  portions  of  the  southern 
section  of  the  country,  the  tests  applied  to  northern  routes  not  being 
closely  adhered  to,  l)ecause  of  the  greater  area  over  which  the  popula- 
tion to  bo  supplied  is  distributed. 

The  element  of  revenue,  derived  from  the  post-oflices  to  be  suppli«'d, 
controlled  in  the  preparation  of  the  advertisements  of  October  15, 1881, 
and  March  1, 1882,  for 

SERVICE  GOINO-  INTO  OPERATION  JULY  1,  1882, 

in  the  States  of  Arkansas,  Louisiana,  Texas,  Kansas,  Nebraska,  Colo- 
rado, Nevada,  California,  and  Oregon,  and  the  Territories  of  Dakota, 
Indian,  Montana,  Wyoming,  "Washington,  Idaho,  Utah,  Arizona,  and 
New  Mexico.  In  these  Stat<'s  and  Territories  the  routes  were  uniformly 
advertised  on  schedules  which,  it  is  believed,  will  meet  all  requirements 
without  resorting  to  orders  of  expedition.  In  the  i)roce88  of  readjust- 
ment, certain  large  routes  were  divided  into  smaller  ones,  and  thus 
opened  to  a  less  restricted  conip<'tition,  whih^  by  changing  tlie  termini, 
a  saving  of  distance  and  cost  has  been  obtaimnl. 

The  following  table  illustrates  the  change  in  tlii.s  Pacillc  section  by 
the  readjustment: 


880 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 


Louisiana ^  tii^vnspoktation. 

Texas 

Indian  Territory. 
Kansas.......... 

Nebraska . 

Dakota 

Montana  .- 

Wyoming  ......  - 

Colorado  .... .... 

New  Mexico 

Arizona..- 

Utah 

Idaho 

"Washington 

Oregon 

Nevada . 

California j  July    1,  1682 

A  fair 

COMPABISON  OF  COST  OF  STAR    SEBVICE, 


Miles. 

JimclK),  1881 28,078,319 

Ji  ly    1,  1882 25,797,74(i 

Decrease  8.12  per  cent,,  or 2,280,57:j 

COST. 

>Juno30,  1881 $4,019,824 

July    1,1882 2,018,635 

Decrease  49.78  per  cent.,  or 2,001,189 

COST  PER  >nLE. 

Juno30,  1881 $0  14.32 

7.62 


under  old  and  new  contracts,  can  be  made  by  the  table  which  follows; 
and  while  it  will  be  observed  that  in  some  cases  the  routes  are  not 
changed  under  new  contracts,  there  are  in  others  slight  increases  or 
decreases,  either  in  distance,  speed,  or  the  number  of  trips;  but  in 
every  instance  a  decrease  in  the  amount  of  compensation : 


Termini  of  route. 


Under  old  contracts,  as 
increased. 


P  d 


Undernew  contracts,  from 
July  1, 1882. 


32273 

36107 
36115 
36124 
38146 
38155 
39104 
40103 
40105 
40109 
40116 
40122 
42121 
44149 
45101 
45114 

45132 

46120 
461.S2 
46245 
46246 
46263 
4G136 
40267 


Monroe  to  SLreveport 

Rio  Grande  City  to  Laredo 

Au.stiu  to  Fort  Concho 

Abilene  to  Fort  Concho 

Caldwell  to  Fort  Sill   

Camp  Supply  to  Dodge  City 

Camp  Supply  to  Moheetie 

Hutchinson  to  Medicine  Lodge. . 

Bozeman  to  Miles  City 

Helena  to  Missoula 

Silver  Bow  to  Deer  Lodge 

Del  Norte  to  Ouray. 

Antelope  Springs  to  Silverton... 

Socorro  to  Fort'Stanton 

Prescottto  Mohave  City 

Ehrenberg  to  Signal 

Floience  to  McMillan 

PbcBuix  to  Prescott 

Kitchfleld  to  Kanab 

Lava  to  Salmon  City 

Koseburg  to  Empire  City 

Reno  to  Susanville 

Winnemucca  to  Paradise  Valley 

Wells  to  Hamilton 

Soledad  to  NewhaD 

Juliaii  to  Colton 

Redding  to  Weaverville 

Redding  to  Roseburgh 

Trelva  to  Shasta 

Calieiito  to  Independence 

Willow  Ranch  to  Reno 


122 

121 

249 

04 

189i 

94' 

94 

:  39 

45 

328 

151 

36 

230 

63 

120 

190 

126 

125 

105 

205 

135 

72 

92 

45 

;ioo 

I  106 
"332 
121 
46 
280 
122 
226 
212 


7 
7 
6 
6 
6 
6 
3 
7 
7 
7 
7-3 
7 
7 
3 
3 
7 
7 
6 
7 
6 
6 
7 
H 
15 
7 
3 
7 

lOJ 
6' 
6 


$22,  367  00 

8, 439  00 

28,  600  00 

19,  709  00 

34,  200  00 

5,707  00 

12,  300  00 

5,  824  00 

76,  999  95 

18,  739  58 
4,  3()5  5fi 

36,  290  53 

13,  253  33 
16,770  16 
28,  697  15 

9, 119  42 
17,  569  89 
32  640  32 
14,340  00 

19,  345  45 
13,  775  00 
11,752  85 

5, 280  00 

16, 883  82 

55, 424  33 
8,  010  00 

6,  066  66 
89,000  00 
19,  359  99 
36,  284  33 
41, 100  00 


729,  060  32 


As  further  illustrating  the  reduction  in  cost  under  the  advertisement 
referred  to,  a  table  follows,  showing;  cost  under  old  contracts  after  increase 


REPORT    OF    THE    POSTMASTEI^»GENERAL. 


881 


of  trips  aud  expedition  of  seiiedules,  cost  after  orders  rcdiuiiig  service, 
aud  compeusatiou  under  the  awards  of  ii(;\v  contracts  at  the  last  lettiuj;: 


'A 


Termiiii  of  route. 


Under  old  coutracts    ^'"><''- <'|<1  <ontracts     Fndi-r    new    con- 
n- iiwTP  1.I..I1  ""   r'''i'i<<l   Hiucc  I      trartH  fioin July 

ortincreaoca.  Mar.  h  4,  Ikki.         |      l,  18«.'. 


Annnal 
pay. 


* 


Annual 
pay. 


Aonnal 
pay. 


37110 
38113 
38118 
38131 
38134 
28135 
3814U 
38150 
38156 
38157 
38145 
30109 
30116 
4;il01 
40105 
4J113 
4U40 
44154 
44155 
44160 
40213 


Eock  Creek  to  Fort  Custer 

Kawliiis  to  Meeker 

Monniiicnt  to  River  Bend 

Salida  to  Del  Norto 

Pueblo  to  Kosit-ii 

Putljlo  to  Greenhorn 

Trinidad  to  31  ad i sou 

Sagua^'ho  to  Barnum 

Silverton  to  ParrottCity 

Gardner  to  liosita ." 

Ojo  Caliento  to  Animas  City  .. 

iJaH  Vegas  to  La«  Cniccs 

La  Cinta  to  Katou 

Prescott  U)  Santa  I'lj 

Ehrenberg  to  Mineral  Park  . .. 

Wileox  to  Clifton 

Eugene  City  to  Mitchell 

The  DnHes  to  Lake  View 

The  Dalle.s  to  Baker  City 

Canyon  City  to  Fort  ilulieruiott 
Cloverdale  to  Eureka 


3311 
165 
7^ 
84 
50; 
3'J 
6« 


7  75 
7   45 

7,  17, 
7  17 
7,  10 

3,  7| 
3I  12 


317-31  18' 
69  61  15| 
52  6-3|  10 


174 

424 
168 

4u; 

167 
1951 


7  501 
3  12(t 

3  4li 
fl!  84 
3  48; 
7i  34 
3    50 


240 
210 

7 
7 

96 
53 

$100, 

31, 

11. 

17, 

8. 

•1, 

4, 

7, 

14, 

3, 

31, 

39, 

H, 

105, 

18, 

27, 

21, 

20, 

72, 

50, 

43, 


I 

165  83  365 
9rtl  25  16.'. 
200  OOi  45I 
347  93  sol 
148  m...\. 

945  60 
290  30 

166  40 
870  01 
920  67 
343  70 
090  72  4211 
.3M  42  115 
401  75  171 
6U0  00  132| 
913  5«;167| 
460  89  195! 
300  00  1K7  3-1 
520  00  275;  3 
166  66'  75'  1 
414  88210  7 


15 


32 1  3 
45  3 
22  7-3 
69'  6 
52  6-3 
74|  3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 


647, 038  06 


$11,002 
5,100 
1. 125 
4, 7.59 

(•) 
1.315 
1,C14 
1,454 

5.  :m 

l,9«.'f 
2,115 

17,214 
3,275 
8.388 
9,119 
.3,987 
2,  324 
4,308 

12,  4.32 
902 

23.500 


41393  3 

no  165  3 

00    45  3 

43,  72,  7, 


108113.070  00 
59  7,320  W» 
12  1,049  Ou 
14      0,600  00 


20  20.  3 
0(1  50l  3 
55  24'  3 
73|  7»  0 
.33  42  6-3 
90l  7«  .t 
17333 
02116 
00  1711 
42  120' 
65107 
03  11.1 
06  197  3-1 
0U2(n;  3 
.50  75'  1 
00  210|    7 


400  00 

000  00 

»30  00 

4,  240  00 

1.  4CM  (10 

2.  .'.79  00 


3  105    lit.  1-0  (K» 

3 

3 

3 

3 

1 


121,301  30' 


I       I 


3,230  C"J 
7,  3V)  CO 
5,90;  to 

5,  9l»J  (K> 

1.3.12  00 
4,000  00 
7.700  00 
1.  244  00 
9,975  00 

»7,1M00 


'Discontinued. 


It  will  be  observed  that 


THE  DECREASE  OF  COST 

of  the  several  routes  under  tlu^  leltinpr,  from  tin;  rates  ])aid  for  the  snnio 
or  nearly  siinilnr  service  alter  the  orders  of  redm-tion,  conipIet«'ly  refutes 
the  allegation  that  was  frequently  made  hy  contractors,  when  (tpposin;; 
curtailments,  that  the  orders  would  coiiii>el  them  to  trai:sp(»rt  the  mails 
at  an  actual  loss. 

The  exact  rediictiou  of  expense  under  the  readjustment  of  the  routes 
in  the  l*acific  section  is  properly  the.  subject  of  the  succtvdin.u:  report, 
although  it  is  made  apparent  now  in  a  ioregoing  table  and  in  tluulimiu- 
ished  estimate  for  the  star  service  for  tlie  next  liscal  year. 

The  rate  of  exiienditure  on  star  routes  on  .Inne,  .JO,  1881',  was  1^5,553,849, 
a  decrease  of  8l,-lU.i,5()r)  comi)are(l  with  the  cost  rate  at  the  clo.se  of  the 
previous  year.  A  jiortion  of  this  reduction  is  due  to  extension  of  rail- 
road service,  and,  as  stated  in  my  juevious  rcptut,  a  portion  of  the  or- 
ders that  augmented  this  sa\ingweie  made  in  the  prior  liscal  year,  and, 
taking  eliect  in  the  subsc(pieiit  year,  are  gf  necessity  embraced  in  the 
amount  given  above. 

NEEDED  LEGISLATION. 

lu  my  former  re])ort  it  was  suggested  that  statutes  should  bt^  enn<'ted 
repealing  .section  .')J).").'i  of  the  l{evis<d  Statutes  rccpuring  dejiosits  of  <'er- 
titled  checks  with  ])roi)<»sals  for  carrying  the  mails;  autlMU-izing  exten- 
sion of  service  on  star  routes;  and  preseiiliing  penalties  to  b.-  imposctj 
upon  postmasters  or  emi)loyt's  tbi"  making  false  reports  of  arrivals  and 
deitartures  of  the  mails.  I  also  made  speci.d  reeonimeiidation  during 
the  last  session  of  (.'ongress  for  the  repeal  of  .section  ."ilKU  of  die  K'evi.-^ed 
Statutes  and  the  proviso  of  the  .second  .section  of  the  act  of  .\]uil  7,  IS80, 
56  Ab 


882  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

relative  to  the  rate  of  compensation  to  be  allowed  for  expedition  in  car- 
rying the  mails,  and  a  further  recommendation  was  made  respecting  the 
rate  to  be  fixed  for  employing  temj>orary  mail  service.  A  draught  of  a 
subcontract  law  was  also  submitted.  But  a  y)ortion  of  the  recommenda- 
tions were  reached  dui'ing  the  session,  and  only  the  suggestions  relating 
to  extension  of  routes  and  the  rate  for  temporary  service  were  adopted. 
In  regard  to  the  subcontract  law  a  substitute  for  the  draught  referred  to 
was  enacted. 

In  another  part  of  this  report  I  have  given,  for  the  purpose  of  refer- 
ence and  record,  a  table  (F)  of 

ORDERS  OF  EXPEDITION 

from  January  1, 1872,  to  April  30, 1881,  since  which  last  date  no  orders 
expediting  star  service  have  been  made. 

Upon  the  basis  of  expenditure  for  star  service,  June  30, 1882,  already 
stated  at  $5,553,849,  the  estimate  for  all  new  ser\ice  and  necessary  in- 
creases under  present  contracts  to  June  30,  1884,  can,  with  the  service 
now  in  operation,  be  ])rovided  for  with  an  appropriation  of  $5,500,000, 
and  this  amount  is  accordingly  recommended.  It  is  estimated  also  that 
at  the  close  of  the  present  fiscal  year  there  will  be  covered  into  the 
Treasury  an  unexi)euded  balance  of  $2,250,000  on  account  of  reduction 
of  star  service. 

STEAMBOAT  SERYICE. 

Since  my  former  report,  changes  were  made  in  the  steamboat  service 
as  follows :  By  orders  of  reduction  in  July,  1881,  $4,962 ;  August,  $15,333  ; 
September,  $19,377;  October,  $12,200;  November,  $159;  December, 
$8,460;  January,  1882,  $0;  February,  $0;  March,  $2,121;  April,  $27,186; 
May,  $0;  and  June,  $900;  total,  $90,698. 

During  the  same  i3eriod  orders  Avere  made  increasing  the  cost  as 
follows:  Jul3^,  $17,102;  August,  $700;  September,  $33,686;  October, 
$5,081;  November,  $0;  December,  $0;  January,  $21,506;  February, 
$600;  Marcli,  $25,994;  April,  $3,640;  May,  $2,425,  and  June,  $2,000; 
total,  $112,734,  being  a  net  increase  in  cost  during  the  year  of  $22,036. 

Of  the  increase  in  July  the  sum  of  $10,000  made  possible  a  saving 
of  $37,000,  which  was  included  in  the  gross  reduction  of  steamboat  serv- 
ice for  the  preceding  year.  Of  the  increase  in  September  the  sum  of 
$22,036  represents,  not  an  actual  increase,  but  routes  on  which  con- 
tract service  expired  .lune  30,  1881,  and  which  were  not  renewed  under 
contract  until  September  1,  the  service  in  the  mean  time  having  been 
continued  under  orders  of  recognition  at  the  rate  named.  Of  the  in- 
crease in  January  and  Marcli  service  at  the  rate  of  $30,000  per  annum 
was  ordered  and  continued  only  during  the  overflow  of  the  Mississippi 
Eiver  and  its  lower  tributaries,  which  afforded  all  necessary  facilities 
that  were  applied  for  by  the  people  in  the  submerged  districts. 

The  rate  of  expenditure  for  steamboat  service  at  the  close  of  the  fis- 
cal year  ending  June  30,  1882,  was  $574,019,  a  decrease  compared  with 
the  cost  for  the  previous  year  of  $179,148.  A  portion  of  this  decrease 
is  applicable  to  orders  made  prior  to  the  beginning  of  the  last  fiscal 
year. 

The  estimate  for  steamboat  service  for  tbe  year  ending  June  30, 1884, 
is  submitted  at  $700,000,  being  a  decrease  of  $100,000  from  the  present 
appropriation.  About  $150,000  will  be  covered  into  the  Treasury  aa 
an  unexpended  balance  of  the  steamboat  service  appropriation  for  the 
current  fiscal  year. 


REPORT   OF   THE   POSTMASTER-GENERAL.  883 

MAIL  MESSENGERS. 

TLe  rate  of  expenditure  for  mail -raessenffer  service  for  the  fiscal  year 
ended  June  30,  1882,  was  $724,207,  or  $7.20  per  mile  on  100,063  miles  of 
railroad  service. 

Upon  the  above  basis  of  cost  per  mile  of  railroad  service  the  estimate 
for  mail  messengers  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  Juno  30, 1884,  is  given  at 
$850,000.  J         y     b 

MAIL  TRANSFERS  IN  LARGE  CITIES, 

I  desire  to  call  your  special  attention  to  the  appended  report  and 
estimate  of  Mr.  D.  B.  Parker,  chief  inspector,  in  which  ho  suggests 
that  the  work  of  transferring  the  mails  between  the  po.st-oflices,  depots, 
and  wharves  in  thecities  of  Boston,  New  York,  Phihulelphia,  Washing- 
ton, and  Chicago,  be  performed  with  an  equipment  to  be  owned  and 
operated  by  the  government.  The  transfer  service  in  the  great  cities 
is,  as  it  were,  a  vital  point  in  the  matter  of  mail  transportation.  The 
competition  in  bidding  has  brought  the  compensation  for  performing 
this  important  service  so  low  that  total  failures  have  resulted  in  some 
cases,  while  in  others  the  equipment  is  managed  so  economically  that 
the  efficiency  of  the  service  is  impaired.  It  is  believed  that  the  plan 
proposed  would  not  increase  the  cost;  that  it  would  give  additional 
security  to  the  mails,  and  atford  the  most  efficient  and  acceptable  trans- 
fer service  that  could  be  performed.  Mr.  Parkei-'s  long  experience,  as 
chief  inspector,  willi  this  class  of  service,  gives  to  his  views  the  weight 
and  importance  which  the  able  conduct  of  the  affairs  of  his  office  war- 
rants, and  after  careful  consideration  I  earnestly  comTinMul  liis  sugges- 
tion to  your  notice. 

MAIL  EQUir:\ii:NTS. 

The  cost  of  new  mail  bags  and  mail  catchers  and  rei)air  of  old  ones 
for  the  year  ending  June  30,  1882,  was  $198,380.88;  and  for  now  mail 
locks  and  repair  of  old  ones,  $24,900.50,  The  appropriations  for  that 
year  were,  for  the  first  two  items,  $200,000,  and  for  the  last  item  $25,(KX>. 
It  will  therefore  be  seen  that  the  necessities  of  the  service  required 
the  expenditure  of  the  entire  auiounts  appropriated.  The  amounts 
which  it  is  necessary  to  ai)propriate  for  these  objects  for  the  year  end- 
ing June  30,  1884,  are  as  follows; 

For  mail  hags  and  mail  catchers $2'2rt.  CHX) 

Maillocksand  keys 'JO, 000 

The  reason  for  the  increased  estimate  for  mail  bags  and  catchers  is 
found  in  tlie  very  rapid  extension  of  the  railroad  system,  and  the  more 
frequent  forwarding  of  ])oucheK  on  raihoad  routes,  and  the  large  num- 
ber of  post-oflices  established  on  such  linos. 

For  these  reasons,  which  apply  with  more  force  to  the  transactions 
of  the  current  year  than  was  anticipattMl  when  the  estimates  wore  made, 
it  is  probable  that  the  appropriations  for  this  fiscal  year  may  bo  founcl 
to  be  inadequate. 

Table  N  shows  expenditures  for  mail  bags  and  mail  catchers. 

Table  O  shows  expenditures  for  mail  looks. 

Table  P  shows  all  contracts  for  above  items,  with  price,  &c.,  in  opera- 
tion June  30,  1882. 

SPECIAL  FACILITIES. 

The  appropriation  for  special  facilities  on  the  great  lines  for  the  cur- 
rent year  is  $600,000.    I  would  suggest  that  a  like  sum  bo  provided 


884  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

for  1884,  as  it  is  not  clear  tbat  serious  injury  would  not  result  to  the 
public  if  the  service  secured  by  this  expenditure  were  discontinued. 

RAILWAY  POSTAL  CLERKS. 

The  appro]iriation  for  railway  postal  clerks  for  the  current  year  is 
$3,710,000.  The  average  increase  for  this  item  for  the  past  six  years 
has  been  at  the  rate  of  7.20  per  cent,  per  annum,  and  estimating  the 
cost  for  1884  at  the  same  rate  of  increase,  will  make  the  sum  required 
$3,977,120.  The  particulars  with  regard  to  this  item  will  be  found  in 
the  report  of  the  General  Superintendent  of  Eailway  Mail  Service. 

FINES  AND  DEDUCTIONS. 

The  amount  withheld  from  all  branches  of  the  service  on  account  of 
fines  and  deductions  for  the  year  ending  June  30, 1882,  was  $192,230.25. 

This  sum  is  not  so  great  as  was  shown  for  the  two  years  last  preced- 
ing. The  shrinkage  is  attributable  mainly  to  two  causes,  one  of  which 
is  that  the  most  expensive  of  the  star  service,  which  was  performed  in 
a  section  of  the  country  particularly  liable  to  interruption  from  various 
causes,  and  from  which  a  large  portion  of  the  tines  were  derived,  nearlj- 
all  ceased  in  1881 ;  the  other  cause  of  the  reduction,  the  rigorous  win- 
ter of  1S80-'81,  was  followed  by  an  unusually  mild  winter,  in  which 
there  were  few  failures  on  account  of  the  weather.  The  amount  de- 
ducted is,  however,  more  than  the  average,  and  more  than  was  ever 
deducted  in  any  one  year  prior  to  1880. 

RAILROAD  SERVICE— GENERAL  STATEMENT. 

First.  Cost  of  all  transportation,  on  -wliicli  rates  liave  been  adjusted,  to 

Jane  30,  188"2,  by  books  of  the  Post-Office  Department $11,297,333 

Cost  of  same  June  30,  1881 10,249,261 

Increase  for  1882  over  1881 1,048,072 

Rate  of  increase  10.23  per  cent. 

Unadjusted  service  June  30,  1882,  8,449  miles. 

Second.  Cost  to  June  30,  1882,  Auditor's  statement $10,248,515 

Appropriation  for  1882 9,458,200 

Escess  of  cost  over  appropriation 790, 315 

Rate  of  increase  of  cost  over  appropriation,  8.35  per  cent. 

Unadjusted  service  for  year  ending  June  30,  1882,  3,464  miles;  estimated 

cost 125,000 

Total , 915,315 

Rate  of  increase  of  audited  cost  and  estimate  over  appropriation  for  1882, 
9.67  per  cent. 

Third.  Cost  by  Auditor's  statement  on  Pacific  roads  to  June  30  ,1882 $1,376,  929 

Cost  ofsame  to  June  30,  1881 961,977 

Increase  for  1882  over  1881 414,952 

Rate  of  increase  43  per  cent. 

Fourth.  Appropriation  for  1883  §11,130,000 

Audited  cost  and  estimate  for  1882 10,373,515 

Excess  of  appropriation 756,485 

Rate  of  increase  7.29  per  cent. 

ESTIMATE  FOR  1884. 

For  reasons  stated  in  the  last  annual  report  the  estimate  of  the  cost 
of  railroad  transportation  for  the  current  fiscal  year  was  placed  at  a 
lower  rat«  of  increase  than  is  shown  between  the  cost  for  the  two  pre- 
ceding years.    The  service  in  the  Pacific  States,  in  which  nearly  all  the 


HEPCWpr    OK    Tin:    POSTMASTER-OENERAL.  886 

routes  are  located  on  wliicli  tli(^  pay  is  wirhbeld  on  account  of  indebt- 
edness to  tiie  government,  having:  lieon  adjustc'd  Jor  the  new  contract 
term  commencing  July  1,  1S82,  tlie  estimate  for  the  ensuing  fiscal  year 
will,  as  usual,  be  based  upon  the  cost  lor  the  year  ending  June  30, 1S8L'. 
and  the  probability  of  increase  in  the  weight  of  mails  and  miles  of  road 
to  June  30,  1884.  The  increase  in  mileage- for  the  last  year  was  8,994 
miles,  or  8.9  per  cent,  increase  over  the  mileage  for  the  previous  year. 
This  is  the  greatest  increase  in  the  length  of  railroa<l  routes  ever  made 
in  any  one  year,  and  is  greater  than  the  entire  railroad  service  in  oper- 
ation in  1851.  The  indications  are  that  tlier«»  will  Ix^  not  less  than 
]0,00()  miles  added  during  the  current  year,  and  as  mu(;h  more  for  188^1. 
The  regular  adjustment  of  pay  from  July  1,  18.8.'..  will  fall  in  the  con 
tract  section  composed  of  the  States  of  Illinois,  Michigan,  Wiseousin, 
Minnesota,  Iowa,  and  Missouri.  In  these  States  the  weighing  will  doubt- 
less show  a  large  increase  in  the  weight  of  mails,  and  this  will  require  a 
corresponding  increase  in  the  rates  of  pay.  In  arriving  at  the  amount 
that  will  be  required  for  railroad  trans])ortatic»n  for  the  year  ending  June 
.30,  1884,  the  appropriation  for  1883,  .*11,130,(»(M»,  is  aeer])tedas  the  sum 
nearest  to  that  which  will  be  needed,  and  adding  thereto  $.S70,000  for 
new  service  and  for  increase  of  pay  on  old  routes  through  readjustment, 
and  a  total  of  $1L'.000,00U  is  rea(;hed,  which  is  about  8  per  cent.  (7.81) 
over  the  ai)proi>riation  for  iss;{,  and  a  litth;  more  than  14  per  cent,  over 
the  audited  cost,  and  the  estinnite  for  new  senice  for  the  year  ending 
June  30,  1882.  The  estimated  rate  of  increase  is  less  than  is  shown  for 
1882  over  1881,  but  it  is  believed  that  it  will  be  suilicient,as  it  is  proba- 
ble that  the  percentage  of  increase  in  cost  will  be  .somewhat  reduced  as 
the  aggregate  mileage  is  enlarged. 

PACIFIC  RAILROADS. 

The  relations  existing  between  the  Paci  tic  Rail  road  Companies  i  ndebted 
to  the  United  States  and  the  government,  in  the  matter  of  the  with- 
liolding  of  all  amounts  earned  in  the  transportation  of  mails  over  their 
owm  and  leased  andop<'iate<l  lines,  anil  jtlacing  the  same  to  their  credit, 
has  occasioned  much  controversy  and  resulted  in  numerous  suits  in  the 
Courtof  Claims  and  the  Supienie  Court.  This  state  of  alfairshas  placed 
the  Post  Otlice  Deparnnent  at  some  disadvantage  initsetlbrts  to  seeun* 
from  these  com])anies  the  most  ellicient  postal  service  iwssible. 

The  mails  are  supplied  to  the  i)eoi)le  of  a  very  large  section  of  «'Ountry 
we.st  of  the  Missouri  Kiver  by  these  lines,  and  hence  the  desimbilily  of 
maintaining  amicable  relations  with  the  companies  controlling  tiiis  .sys- 
tem of  roads. 

ESTIMATE  FOR  RAH.WAY  POST-OFFIOE  CARS. 

The  increase  in  the  work  of  distribution  on  railroad  routes  is  in  keep 
ing  with  the  increas(*  in  the  weight  of  mails,  and  in  the  inimlxT  of  ]»laoes 
reached  by  railroad,  but  the  uset)t'  railway  post  t>nicecarslK'ing  restricted 
to  the  lines  on  which  the  heavi«'r  mails  arecarrie«l,  theincrease«l  t'XiHMidi- 
ture  for  the  sanu'  is  re.strict«'d  to  a  lower  rate  than  is  riMjuired  in  other 
branches  of  the  service. 

The  ai)propriation  for  the  current  year  is  :?1,.VJG,000.  The  incixuised 
cost  for  1882  was  $1(M>.0()(».  It  is  believed  tliat  the  service  can  be  con 
ducted  for  1884  for  .'i!l,<l2(;,0(.K>,  which  is  the  sauio  totid  increase  a.s  is 
shown  for  1882  over  1881, 


886  PAPERS  ACCOMPANYING  THB'.- 

EXTENSION  OF  THE  KAILROAD  KYSTEM. 

Table  M  shows  the  mileage,  annual  transportation,  and  cost  of  rail- 
road service  for  each  year,  from  its  commencement  in  1836  to  June  30, 
1882.  It  is  interesting  to  note  that  the  degree  of  public  prosperity  is 
reflected  in  the  construction  of  railroads.  There  was  a  steady  increase 
in  mileage  from  186G  to  1872,  reaching  in  the  year  last  given  8,000  miles ; 
then,  with  the  depression  in  business  that  followed,  it  declined  from 
year  to  year  until,  in  1877,  it  touched  the  minimum — 2,200  miles.  With 
the  settlement  of  the  financial  question  and  the  advance  of  business, 
it  again  steadily  increased  to  9,000  miles  for  the  fiscal  year  just  closed, 
which  is  the  greatest  number  of  miles  of  service  ever  established  in  one 
year. 

Table  L  gives  the  new  service  for  1882  in  detail.  The  most  impor- 
tant connections  established  during  the  year,  of  auational  character,  are 
the  Texas  Pacific  Line  through  Texas,  ISew  Mexico,  and  Arizona,  to  Cali- 
fornia, and  the  junction  with  the  railroad  system  of  Mexico  at  Laredo, 
Texas.  The  last  is  a  most  important  event,  as  a  matter  of  interest  to 
the  business  people,  as  it  opens  a  convenient  channel  of  quick  inter- 
course with  Mexico,  thus  presenting  a  new  and  promising  field  for  the 
exercise  of  the  intelligent  enterprise  of  the  people  of  the  United  States. 

EATES  OF  PAY  TO  KAILEOADS. 

The  experience  of  the  past  year  has  confirmed  this  office  in  the  views 
expressed  in  the  last  annual  report  concerning  the  rates  of  compensa- 
tion prescribed  by  present  laws  for  carrying  the  mails  on  railroads. 

Allusions  were  frequently  made  during  the  past  winter  to  a  public 
sentiment  which,  it  was  alleged,  demanded  an  increase  of  pay  on  some 
lines,  but,  at  the  same  time,  a  reduction  in  the  total  cost  of  carrying 
the  mails  on  railroad  routes. 

Public  opinion,  upon  questions  which  may  properly  be  determined  by 
opinion,  ought  to  prevail.  This,  however,  is  an  instance  in  which  opin- 
ion can  be  intelligently  exercised  only  after  a  knowledge  of  the  service 
rendered  in  carrying  the  mails  and  the  compensation  i^aid  for  the  same 
is  obtained  through  an  analysis  of  the  facts,  and  these  contrasted  with 
other  transportation  service  and  charges. 

Because  all  will  admit  that  the  postal  service  rendered  by  the  rail- 
road companies  is  of  the  highest  value  to  the  people,  and  the  amount 
and  character  of  the  service  in  every  case  may  be  accurately  ascertained 
and  stated,  so  that  a  basis  would  thus  be  established,  resting  upon 
material  and  indisputable  facts,  from  which  a  comparison  could  be 
made  between  the  postal  and  other  business  of  the  railroad  companies  ; 
hence  the  subject  should  be  approached,  not  with  the  settled  intention 
of  increasing  the  rate  of  pay  on  one  class  of  roads  and  depressing  it 
on  others,  nor  of  increasing  or  reducing  the  total  cost  of  service,  but 
it  should  be  considered  in  a  spirit  of  impartiality  and  with  a  determina- 
tion to  fix  the  compensation  at  such  rates  as  the  facts  may  warrant. 

The  annual  increase  in  the  cost  of  railroad  transportation  has  no 
bearing  whatever  on  the  question  as  to  proper  rates  of  compensation, 
for,  upon  reflection,  it  will  appear  that  the  rates  of  pay  and  total  cost 
must  increase  under  the  present  or  any  other  method  or  scale  of  pay- 
ment that  may  be  devised,  in  keeping  with  the  extension  of  the  system, 
the  growth  of  the  mails,  and  the  increase  in  the  facilities  employed  for 
the  use  and  necessary  care  of  the  mail  in  transit. 

The  value  of  the  postal  service  between  the  great  railroad  centers  has 
grown  to  such  magnitude  and  importance  that  the  problem  of  shorten- 


REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL         887 

ing  the  time  of  transit  between  siicli  points  will  have  to  he  solved  at 
no  distant  day,  and  this  will  doubtless  furnish  an  interesting  feature 
when  the  question  of  pay  is  determined. 

There  is  now  more  than  1(K),0<)0  miles  of  railroad  service  in  operation, 
reaching  into  every  State  and  Territory  of  the  Union,  furnishing,  as  it 
were,  the  arteries  through  which  ai)opulation  of  fifty  millions,  disi)ersed 
over  this  vast  territory,  is  supplied  with  mails.  The  conditions  under 
which  the  postal  service  in  the  Unit<'d  Slates  is  perlbrmed,  are  essen- 
tially unlike  those  under  which  sucli  service  is  rendered  in  the  densely 
populated  countries  of  Europe.  Therefore,  for  the  L'nited  States,  pre- 
cedents must  be  established,  not  followed. 

In  executing  the  present  law  it  has  become  clear  to  me  that  under  its 
insuflicient  jjrovisions  an  unnecessary  expenditure  of  iud)lic  money 
might  be  made  for  carrying  the  mails  on  railroad  routes.  Therefore, 
having  in  view  the  large  annual  expenditure  for  thisbranchof  the  serv- 
ice, I  cannot  too  strqngly  urge  the  great  importance  of  at  once  j)er- 
fecting  the  present  crude  and  incomplete  laws,  so  that  an  uncalled  fur 
expenditure  would  be  rendered  impossible. 
Very  respectfully, 

RICH'D  A.  ELMER, 
Second  Assistant  Postmaster- General. 

Hon.  T.  O.  HOTVE, 

Postmaster-  General. 


ADDENDUM. 

Table  A  exhibits  cost,  appropriation,  and  estimates. 

Table  B  shows  length  of  routes,  annual  transportation,  and  cost  in 
the  several  classes  of  inland  mail  service. 

Table  C  is  a  statement  of  the  railway  mail  service. 

Table  D  is  a  statement  of  the  steamboat  service. 

Table  E  sliows  the  increase  and  decrea.se  in  transportation  and  cost. 

Table  F  is  a  statement  of  star  service  expedited  from  January  1, 1S7L*, 
to  April  30, 1881. 

Table  G  shows  weight  of  mails,  speed,  and  accommodations  for  mails 
and  agents  on  railroad  routes,  with  an  index. 

Table  11  shows  the  readjustment  of  pay  on  railroad  routes,  with  an 
index. 

Table  I  shows  the  rate  of  pay  for  railway  post-ottice  cars,  Avith  in- 
crease and  decrease  since  last  annual  rejiort. 

Table  K  states  expenditures  for  necessary  and  s[)ecial  facilities  on 
trunk  lines. 

Table  L  is  a  statement  of  railroad  service  established  since  last  annual 
report. 

Table  M  shows  the  growth  of  railway  mail  service  from  IS.'iG  to  ISSi*. 

Table  N  is  a  statement  of  all  contra<'ts  for  mail  equipments  ami  use 
of  ])atents. 

Table  O  is  a  statement  of  expenditures  for  certain  mail  e(iuipments. 

Table  P  is  a  statement  of  expeuditurea  for  mail-locks. 


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REPORT    OF   THE   POSTilASTER- GENERAL. 


891 


Tablk  M. — Statiatica  of  mileage,  incixa^e  in  mileage,  annual  iranaporaiion,  and  cost  of 
the  railroad  aervice,from  1836  to  June  30,  IH-iii. 


Date. 


June  30,  183G 

X'ime  :!(),  1837 

June  :iu,  1888 

June  .'10,  1839 

June  30,  1.840 

June  3u,  1841 

June  30,  1842 

June  30,  1843 

November  4,  1843. 

June  30,  1844 

June  30,  1845 

October  31,  1845.. 

June  30,  1840 

November  1,  1840. 

June  30,  1847 

November  1,  1847. 

June  30,  1848 

October  1,  1848  ... 

June  .30,  1849 

June  30,  18j0 

June  30,  1851 

Jane  30,  1852 

June  30,  1853 

June  30,  18r4 

June  30,  1855 

June  30,  1856 

June  30,  1857 

June  30,  1858 

June  30,  1859 

June  30,  1800 

May  31,  1801 

June  30,1801 

June  30,  1802 

Juno  30,  1803 

Juno  30,  1804 , 

June  30,  1805 , 

June  30,  1800 

June  30,  1807 

June  30,  1868 , 

Juno  30,  1869 , 

June  30,  1870 , 

June  30,  1871 , 

June  30,  1872 , 

June  30,  1K73 

June  30,  1874 , 

Jnno  30,  1875 , 

June  30,  1870 

,June  30,  1877 

June  30,  1878 

June  30,  1879 

Juno  30,  1880 , 

Juno  30,  1881 , 

June  30,  1882 , 


Length  of 
routes. 


Annual  trans-     Cost  per  an-  '■„^°*"*,T  r',i^'-'''^T  f 
porutiou.  num.         m  lon-tl.  of  in  length  uf 


Milet. 
974 


3,091 


4,092 


4,402 


4.735 


4,957 

5,407 

6,680 

8,255 

111,  146 

12,415 

14,440 

18,  333 

20,  323 

22,  f>30 

24,431 

26,010 

27,  12!) 

1 0,  mc 

22,018 
21,3.38 
22,  152 

22,  016 

23,  4111 
32, 1)92 
34,015 
30,018 
39,  537 
43,  727 
49,834 
57,911 
03, 457 
07, 734 
70,083 
72,348 
74,  540 
77,  120 
79,  991 
85,  32i» 
91,  569 

100,063 


MiUa. 
•1, 878,  200 
•1,798,024 
•2,  356,  W.2 
*3,  S'.KJ,  055 
•3,  8*<9,  053 
•3,  940,  450 
•4, 424, 262 
•5,692,402 

(•) 
•5, 747, 3r,3 
•0, 484,  592 

(•) 
•7,781,828 


4, 170, 403 


4,  327, 400 

6,  524,  .'.93 
8,  3G4,  6t'3 
11,082,708 
12,980,705 
15,  433,  389 
19,  202,  405t 
21, 809,  296 
24, 267, 944 
25,  763, 452 
27,  268,  384 
27, 653,  749 
15,701,093 
23,110,823 
22,777,219 
22,  87  J,. 558 
23,301,942 
24,  087,  5«W 
30,  609,  467 
32,  437,  900 
34,  886, 178 
41,399,2M 
47,  551,  970 
55,  557, 048 
62,491,749 
6.'.,  021, 445 
72, 460,  545 
7.5,  154,910 
77,741,172 
K5,  358,  710 

92,  120,395 

93,  092,  992 
90,  497,  4ii;i 

103,521,229 
113, 995,  318 


•$307. 444 
•404, 123 
•520,  602 
•595,  353 
•.58.5,  843 

432.  508 
•73:;,  0»'7 

.'k;|.7.S2 

•802.  I '06 
•843,  4:!0 
.587,  709 
•870,  570 
.587,  709 
.597,  475 
597.  923 
.5.H4.  192 
5>7.  204 

(;:i5,  7411 

818,227 
985.  (il9 

1.  273,  .520 
],C01,:.".'9 
1,7.58,610 

2,  073,  089 
2,310,389 
2,  559.  847 

2,  828,  301 

3,  243,  974 
3,  349,  602 

1978,910 
2.  543,  709 
2,498,  115 
2,  .538.  517 
2,  .'■07.014 

2,  7u7,  121 

3,  391.. 592 
3,812,600 

4,  177.  120 
4,  723.  680 
.5,  128,  901 
.5,  724.  979 

6,  ri02,  771 

7,  2.')7, 190 
9,113.190 
9. '-'16.  518  I 
fl,.543.  i:;4  I 

§■9.  0!>;i.  9.16  I 

9.  r>ec.  5'j.".  I 
\\'ir>n:,yM  I 

1(1.  49>,  UMJ  I 

11,013,363 

12,753,11^ 


routeti. 


MiU*. 


2.117 
6i!3 


333 


222 
540 
1,388 
1.369 
1.891 
2.269 
2.025 
3,893 
1,990 
2,  207 
1,901 
1,579 
1,119 


1,775 

"eii" 

464 

785 
:S.69l   i 
1.923 
2,003  I 
3,510  I 
4.190  > 
0.  107  ! 
K,077 
5.  WO 
4.  l.*77 
2,  349 
2.  265 
2.198 
2.  .574 


UUft. 


6,886 


2.871 
r>,  329 
0.249 
8,9»4 


*  Railroad  and  steamboat  Hcrvicp  combined  ;  no  nepnrato  roport. 

t  Decrea.se  caused  by  Ibe  disconliuuanw  of  Hcivien  in  the  Hnuthoni  Stitos. 

'  Increnso  attributable  in  iiart  to  tlie  rcunnniiion  of  8ervlco  iu  the  Sontliern  .St.ttM. 

§  Decrease  in  cost  caused  bv  rtMluctious  in  tlic  rates  of  pay  nndi  r  art  of  .Iitly  12,  1878. 

U  Diicrcase  in  cu.st  c^uaud  by  reductiuus  iu  tlio  rutca  of  [ffty  under  act  of  Jiuio  17,  Ib'S. 


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REPORT    OF    THE    POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 


893 


Table  O.—Statement  of  the  number,  description,  and  prices  of  mail-bags,  mail-caichert, 
4-c.,  purchased,  and  of  the  expense  incurred  on  account  thereof,  durino  the  fiscal  uear 
ended  June  30,  18«2.  j         j  y 


Number. 


3,000 
2,300 
1,000 
1,000 

7,300 

500~ 
500 


Description. 


Leather  maU-poucbes . 

do 

do 


No.  2 
No.  3 

No.  4 

•do I  Xo.  5 


Size.     Prices.        Cost. 


ThrougL  registered  mail-pouches '  No.  1 

do 1  No.  2 

Eoyaltj-  for  patent  applied  to  same No.  2 


1,000 


500 


1,100 
700 
100 


1.900  I 

80,000  I 
9,  000  ' 

89,000  I 

~  300  [ 
500  ' 
500 

1,300  I 

500" 
300 
500 


M.iil-catcher  pouches 

Royalty  for  patent  applied  to  same ' 

Leather  horse-mail  bags No.  1 

do No.2 

do I  No.3 

Expenses  of  inspecting  same 


Jute-canvas  mail-.sacks 
do 


No.  1 
No.  3 


Cotton-canvas  mail-sacks No.  0 

do I  No.  1 

do I   No.  3 


Foreign  registered  mail-sacks. I  No.  1 

do No.2 

do No.  3 


1,500 


350,  000 
600,000 

150,  OCO 
20,  000 
3,000 

1,  500 
300 
169 


Printed  wooden  tags . 
do 


»5  61 
4  55 
3  50 
2  GO 


7  00 
4  09 

10 


3  91 
10 

S  00 
S  29 

4  63 


$18, 830  00 
10,465  00 
3,  .SOO  00 
2,000  00 


Aggregate. 


3,500  00 

2,495  00 

50  00' 


1,955  00 
50  00 


$33,395  00 


6,045  00 


671 
14 


1  15 

1  02 

20 


6,  000  00 

3,  7u3  00 

45:1  00 

•M  53 


M.  200  00 
1,  260  00 


345  00 
510  00 
100  00 


j        2,  00  j  09 


Tie-sack  fasteners  . 

Troii  lal>«l-ca«C'fl 

Brass  label-cases . . , 


Shocta  mail-bag  label-cards  . 

Mail-bag  cat^-.hurs 

Mail-bag  catcht^rs,  repaired . 


Bepairs  of  mail-bags  of  every  description 

Total  exprnse  on  account  of  mail-bags  and 

mail-cati'lic.rs 

UnexpendiMl  lialanco  of  appropriation 


Amunut  of  appropriation 


16 


oo-:4 

002| 

19 
10 
25 

09} 
15  00 


207  50 
123  50 
80  00 


816  67 
1,350  00 


2,000  00 
750  00 


4,500  00 
IOC  76 


55,460  00 


955  OO 


410  00 


2.106  67 
28,500  00 


2.  750  00 
14«  25 


4. 606  76 
51.156  67 


19«,880  M 
1,619  12 


300,000  00 


TAni.E  P. — Statement  of  mail-locks  pnrchuHed  and  repaired,  and  of  the  expense  incurred  on 
account  tharof,  during  the  year  ended  June  30,  18*^. 


Quanti- 
ties. 


Df»<'rlpfion. 


3!)9  '  Iron  mail-locks 

29,  554  '  General  niaillocks . 


20,000     Iron  nmillo<'k».  n-pairo*! 

4,  000     Street  li-tter-bos  locks,  repaired  . 


Total  expense  for  mall  locks 

Unexpended  balance  of  appropriation 


Price, 
iwoh. 


dmt. 


$0  58 

53 


$231  42 
15,368  08 


Amount  of  appropriation 


8.000  00 
1,400  00 


Ac(T»cM« 


$15,800  M 
0,400  00 


34,900  SO 


35,000  00 


894  PAPERS  ACCOMPANYING   THE 


TRANSFER  OF  MAILS  BETWEEN  RAILROAD  DEPOTS  AND 
POST-OFFICES  IN  THE  LARGER  CITIES. 

Post-Office  Department, 
Office  of  Chief  Post-Office  Inspector, 

Washington,  D.  0.,  October  19, 1882. 

Sir:  I  have  tlio  honor  to  recommend  for  your  consideration  a  plan 
which  involves  a  radical  change  in  the  transportation  of  mails  in  large 
cities,  afiecting  the  "transfer"  and  "local  station"  service. 

As  you  are  well  aware,  the  present  system  of  letting  to  the  lowest 
bidder  for  four  years  a  contract  to  perform  the  service  of  delivery  of 
mails  at  the  railroads  and  iiost-offices  has  caused  and  is  causing  the 
greatest  embarrassment  and  confusion. 

I  hazard  the  assertion  that  the  conclusion  is  a  tenable  one,  that  it  is 
impossible  to  secure  reliable  and  satisfactory  service  under  the  present 
plan,  and  that  this  is  a  service  which  vitally  affects  our  entire  postal  sys- 
tem. Complete  failures  have  recently  occurred  at  important  points, 
creating  great  confusion.  The  service  at  other  important  points  is  in 
the  hands  of  contractors  who  are  not  adequately  responsible,  and  who 
are  running  the  service  possibly  at  a  loss,  their  bondsmen  being  suffi- 
ciently responsible  to  justify  them  in  giving  to  the  government  such 
service  only  as  will  suffice  to  prevent  the  contractor  from  being  declared 
"a  failing  contractor,"  which  action  would  result  in  greater  loss  to 
them  than  to  continue  the  service. 

Under  such  circumstances  it  is  obvious  that  the  government  is  but 
poorly  served. 

The  contractor's  outfit  is  such  as  will  barely  answer  the  purpose. 
The  cheapest  men  obtainable  are  employed,  and  are  not  always  paid 
their  wages.  They  are  constantly  being  shifted  and  changed,  and  not 
paid  enough  to  secure  suitable  men  at  the  start. 

They  are  indifferent  and  careless  in  the  performance  of  their  duties. 

The  mails  in  large  cities  are  in  charge  of  such  contractors  and  drivers, 
and  are  unaccompanied  by  postal  officials  in  many  instances.  The  risk 
is  very  great,  both  as  to  loss  and  robbery,  and  also  as  to  failures  in  the 
service,  which  result  in  detentions  of  whole  wagon-loads  of  mail  at  a 
time,  depriving  whatever  section  of  country  is  thus  affected  of  that 
prompt  communication  which  a  more  efficient  service  would  afford. 

Experience  proves  that  under  the  present  system  irresponsible  bid- 
ders are  quite  certain  to  obtain  the  contracts  for  such  service.  Expensive 
wagons  of  special  pattern  are  required,  and  all  bidders  understand  that 
at  the  end  of  the  contract  term  their  wagons  will  have  no  value  for  other 
purposes. 

It  is  fair  to  assume,  therefore,  that  a  careful  bidder  would  add  in  bid- 
ding an  estimate  of  the  entire  cost  of  an  outfit,  so  that  the  government 
has  really  to  purchase  the  plant. 

K  the  government  were  to  provide  the  horses,  wagons,  and  neces- 
sary materials  to  perform  this  service  at,  say,  five  leading  cities  where 
it  is  most  important^  reliable  and  efficient  service  would  be  secured  at 
its  prime  cost,  and  I  believe  this  is  the  only  method  by  which  reliable 
service  can  be  secured  and  its  proper  performance  guaranteed,  or  by 
which  we  can  promise  satisfactory  results  to  any  part  of  the  postal 
service  of  the  country,  which  all  depends  to  a  great  -extent  upon  this 
branch. 

I  therefore  respectfully  recommend  that  the  necessary  legislation  be 


REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL.         895 

asked  for  of  Confxress  and  that  estimates  of  the  cost  be  furnished.    I 
wotild  outline  the  following  plan: 

That  the  law  authorize  tlie  appointment  of  an  officer  as  superintend- 
ent of  this  service  for  all  of  the  points  included  in  the  i>lan;  that  he  be 
selected  for  his  special  fitness  for  such  duties  as  may  devolve  upon  him, 
and  be  required  to  give  ample  bonds  as  a  disbursing:  ofticer. 

That  stables  be  rcnt<Ml  and  horses  and  wagons  jiurchasi'd  under  the 
same  plan  now  pursued  by  the  War  Department  in  purchasing  supplies 
after  public  advertisement;  that  the  highest  grade  of  animals  and  ma- 
terial be  secured,  so  that  the  best  of  service  may  be  guaranteed,  and 
the  outfits  present  an  appearance  creditable  to  the  department  and  the 
government. 

At  each  of  the  cities  selected  an  assistant  superintendent  should  be 
appointed  who  will  have  charge  of  this  service  in  that  city.  Compe- 
tent and  thoroughly  reliable  drivers  and  employ  <:*s  shoidil  bo  hired  and 
paid  a  fair  compensation,  taking  perhaps  as  a  guide  iu  this  respect  the 
organization  of  the  best  express-company  service. 

The  regulations  and  rules  governing  the  purchase  of  feed  and  supjjlii's 
can  easily  be  established,  so  that  the  interests  of  the  government  shall 
be  protected  and  the  best  results  secured. 

I  will  present  to  you  at  the  i)roper  time  statistics  showing  the  num- 
ber of  amimals,  wagons,  employes,  &c.,  in  use  by  contractors  at  each  of 
the  points  where  you  may  decide  to  recommend  the  adoption  of  such 
new  service,  together  with  an  estimate  of  what  would  be  required  to 
l)ut  it  in  operation,  and  its  probable  cost,  so  that  reliable  estimates  may 
be  presented  to  Congress,  with  recommendation,  in  case  it  should  be  de- 
cided to  lay  the  matter  before  that  body. 
Very  respectfully, 

DAVID  B.  PAllKEK, 

Chit/  Inspector. 

Hon.  R.  A.  Elivier, 

Second  Assistant  Fostmaster-Qeneral. 


REPORT  OF  THE  GENERAL    SUPERINTENDENT  OF  RAIL- 
WAY MAUi  SERVICE. 

Post-Office  Department, 
Office  General  Superintendent  Railway  Mail  Service, 

^V(mMngton,  D.  C,  October  '23,  1882. 

Sir:  At  the  last  session  of  Congress  (Forty-seventh  Congivss,  first 
session)  an  act  was  passed  reorganizing  the  railway  mail  service  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  recommendations  of  the  PostmasterCJenoral,  and  the 
suggestions  of  this  office  made  in  each  annual  report  from  and  inchiding 
that  for  1879  to  that  for  1881.  Under  this  act,  which  was  approved 
July  31,  1882,  an  order  of  the  Postmaster-General  was  issued  to  carry 
the  same  into  eft'ect,  as  follows: 

order  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL  REORGANIZING  THE  RAILWAY 

MAIL  SERVICE. 

PosT-OrricE  Dkpartmkxt, 
Ordkr  N(».  ;{r>t.]  H'anhitigtan,  It.  ('.,  Au'iust  I,  lliM2. 

Ill  carryiiiK  into  effect,  the  act  of  CongreM  reorpani/injf  the  rnilwny  iiinll  aorvice, 
approvpil'jiily  ol,  If^-^-i,  viz: 

Alf  ACT  to  desigDAtc,  clMilfy,  and  tlx  tb«  mIuIm  of  p«r»on«  in  the  railway  mall  ••rrifi*. 
Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States  of  JiK4rie<i  in 
Congress  assoHbled,  That  persona  in  the  ruilw»y  mail  bervice,  known  aa  railway  poat- 


896  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 

office  clerks,  route  }i<i,ontH,  local  agents,  and  mail  route  messengers,  shall,  on  and  after 
the  passage  of  tlii.s  act,  be  designated  as  railway  postal  cNrks,  and  divided  into  five 
classes,  whose  salaries  sliall  not  exceed  the  loUowing  rates  per  annuui: 

First  class,  not  exceeding  eight  hundred  dollars;  second  class,  not  exceeding  nine 
hundred  dollars;  third  class,  not  exceeding  one  thousand  dollars;  fourth  class,  not 
exceeding  one  thousand  two  hundred  dollars ;  and  ftfth  class,  not  exceeding  one  thou- 
sand four  hundred  dollars :  Provided,  That  the  PoHtniaster-Cicneral,  in  iixing  the  sal- 
aries of  clerks  in  th(^  dilferent  classes,  may  lix  diflercut  salaries  for  clerks  of  the  same 
class,  according  to  the  amount  of  work  done  and  the  responsibility  incurred  by  each, 
but  shall  not,  in  any  case,  allow  a  higher  salary  to  any  clerk  of  any  class  than  the 
maximum  tixed  by  this  act  for  the  class  to  which  such  clerk  belongs. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  sums  appropriated  in  the  act  entitled  "An  act  making  appropriation 
for  the  service  of  the  Post-Office  Department  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  thirtieth, 
eighteen  hundred  and  eighty-three,  and  for  other  purposes,"  approved  May  fourth, 
eighteen  hundred  and  eighty-two,  for  the  compensation  of  the  railway  post- office  clerks, 
route  agents,  mail  route  messengers,  and  local  agents,  be  consolidated  into  one  fund, 
and  applied  for  the  compensation  of  the  clerks  embraced  in  the  live  classes  under  the 
title  of  railway  postal  clerks,  T»rovided  in  this  act. 

(Signed)  J.  WAERAN  KEIFER, 

Spealcer  of  the  Honxe  of  Heprtsetilatives. 
(Signed)  DAVID  DAVIS, 

President  of  the  Senate  pro  tempore. 

Approved  July  .31,  1882. 
the  following  regulations  will  be  observed : 

Sec.  1.  Designation  of  clerks. — In  accordance  with  this  acjb  all  former  designations 
of  employes  of  the  railway  mail  service  are  obsolete,  and  they  will  be  hereafter 
known  as  railway  postal  clerks. 

Sec.  2.  Nomenclature  of  railway  mail  service. — For  the  sake  of  uniformity  all  lines 
will  be  called  railway  post-offices. 

Sec.  3.  Organization  of  working  creivs. — On  lines  where  but  one  clerk  to  a  car  is 
appointed  to  perform  the  duties,  and  who  runs  an  average  of  one  hundred  miles  or 
more  per  day,  he  will  be  of  class  three,  at  $1,000  i)er  annum.  If  the  average  daily 
distance  run  is  less  than  one  hundred  and  not  less  than  ninety  miles  the  clerk  will  be 
of  class  two,  at  $900  per  annum;  if  the  average  daily  distance  run  is  less  than  ninety 
and  more  than  eighty  miles  the  clerk  will  be  of  class  two,  and  the  salary  will  be  at 
the  rate  of  $10  per  annum  for  each  mile  of  the  daily  average  of  miles  run.  If  the 
average  distance  run  daily  is  eighty  miles  or  less  the  clerk  will  be  of  class  one,  and 
the  salary  will  be  flO  per  annum  for  each  mile  of  the  daily  average  of  miles  run. 

On  lines  that  have  been  known  as  lull  railway  post-office  lines  or  that  may  here- 
after be  established  in  like  manner,  where  treo  clerks  are  needed  there  may  be  one  of 
class  five,  at  $1,300  per  annum,  and  one  of  class  four,  at  $1,150  per  annum. 

On  lines  where  three  clerks  are  needed  there  shall  bo  one  of  class  five,  at  $1,300  per 
annum;  one  of  class  four,  at  $1,150  per  annum;  and  one  of  class  three,  at  $1,000  per 
annum. 

On  lines  where  four  clerks  are  needed  there  shall  be  one  of  class  live,  at  $1,300  per 
annum;  one  of  class  four,  at  $1,150  per  annum;  one  of  class  three,  at  $1,000  i>er 
annum ;  and  one  of  class  two,  at  $900  per  annum. 

On  lines  where  more  than  four  clerks  are  neede<l  such  additional  clerks  shall  be  of 
class  two  or  one ;  except  two  distributing  cars  are  run  on  the  same  traiu  (one  car  being 
for  the  distribution  of  letter  mail  and  the  other  car  for  the  distribution  of  newspaper 
mail),  when  there  may  be  one  clerk  of  class  five,  at  $1,300  per  annum ;  three  of  class 
four,  at  $1,150  per  annum;  one  of  class  three,  at  $1,000  per  annum;  and  all  additional 
clerks  of  class  two  or  one. 

The  clerk  of  the  highest  class  in  any  crew  will  be  designated  the  "clerk  in  charge.'' 

Sec.  4.  ^'Helpers." — When  it  becomes  necessary  to  furnish  assistance  on  any  line, 
the  clerk  assigned  to  such  duty  will  be  designated  a  "helper,"  whether  he  runs  over 
the  entire  line  or  only  a  portion  of  it;  but  such  helper  shall  not  be  of  a  higher  class 
nor  receive  a  higher  salary  than  the  clerk  to  whom  he  is  assigned  as  a  helper;  and  in 
no  case  shall  the  salary  of  such  helper  exceed  that  of  a  clerk  of  class  two. 

Sec.  5.  Clerks  on  steamboat  lines. — Clerks  ou  steamboat  lines  will  be  of  class  one,  at 
a  salary  not  exceeding  $720  per  annum;  the  salary  to  be  determined  by  the  amount  of 
work  to  be  performed  and  the  importance  of  the  line. 

Sec.  6.   Transfer  service. — Local  agencies  having  been  abolished  by  the  act  of  Con- 

fress  before  quoted,  superintendents  may,  if  approved  by  the  general  superimtendeut, 
etail  clerks  not  above  class  four  at  $1,150  per  annum  at  certain  important  junctions 
to  look  after  the  handling  of  mails  at  railroad  depots,  and  to  perform  such  other 
duties  pertaining  to  the  railway  mail  service  as  may  be  required.  If  more  than  one 
clerk  is  needed  for  such  duty  at  the  same  depot,  such  additional  clerks  shall  be  of 
classes  below  class  four,  but  in  no  case  shall  more  than  one  clerk  of  the  same  class, 
above  class  one,  be  ao  detailed  at  the  same  depot.    Clerks  so  detailed  wiU  be  desig- 


REPORT    OF   THE    POSTMASTER-GENERAL.  897 

nated  railway  postal  clerks,  and  all  vacancies  occtirring  in  such  details  shall  bo  filial 
from  clerks  serviug  ou  lines. 

Sec.  7.  FrovidiiKj  for  cmeryencieH. — To  meet  emerjjtencies,  siiperiiitendent«  may  make 
any  assignment  of  clerks  in  their  respective  divisions  which  may  bo  ne<esK;«ry  for  the 
benefit  of  the  service,  but  not  for  :i  longer  period  than  ten  con.secntiv«i  days;  and 
such  assignments  must  be  at  once  report^xl  to  the  general  superintendint. 

Sec.  8.  Chief  clerks  and  asxiiitantn. — Clerk.s  who  nuiy  be  detaik>d  to  duty  at  certain 
important  points  in  charge  of  one  or  more  lines  will  bo  designated  "chii-f  clerkB.'' 
and  such  details  may  be  made  from  clerks  of  class  five,  at  a  salary  of  il,400  per  an- 
num. No  clerk  will  be  detailed  to  assist  a  chief  clerk  except  in  spt-cial  netessary 
cases,  and  the  clerk  so  detailed  shall  not  be  above  class  three. 

Sec.  9.  Detail  of  c/er/;*.— Suprrintendents  may  detail  clerks  from  one  route  to  an- 
other, but  clerks  so  detailed  must  bo  assigned  to  duty  in  accordance  with  this  order. 
Clerks  may  bo  detailed  for  clerical  duty  pertaining  to  the  railway  mail  service.  All 
details  (except  in  cases  of  emergency)  must  be  reported  to  tho  general  superintendent 
for  his  approval  before  going  into  eflect. 

Sec.  10.  lieassifjnments. — Superintendents  are  hereby  instructed  to  reassign  clerks  in 
accordance  with  this  order.  , 

Sec.  11.  Salarie8  to  he  regulated  hij  duties  assigned.— In  no  event  will  :i  clerk  b«' 
allowed  the  salary  of  a  higher  chussthan  is  by  this  order  assigned  to  tho  duties  actually 
performed  by  him,  except  when  ordered  to  perform  duties  of  a  lower  gra<le  in  case  of 
emergency. 

Sec.  l:i.  Inability  of  elerks  to  fill  positions  to  tvhieh  assigned. — Whenever  a  clerk  is 
unable  to  perform  the  duties  of  tho  position  to  which  he  is  assigned,  the  snperintendent 
Avill  at  once  report  tho  facte  lo  tho  general  superintendent,  with  a  recommendation  for 
reduction  or  retirement. 

Sec.  V^.  New  appointments.— AM  original  appointments  to  the  ]>ositiou  of  railway 
postal  clerk  shall  bo  made  as  clerks  of  class  one,  and  for  a  probationary  i>eriod  of  six 
months  from  the  date  of  tho  same.  No  reappointment  at  or  bffore  the  cxiiiration  of 
the  probationary  period  shall  bo  made  unless  the  ai'i>ointt(i  shall  liavis  shown  liimM-lf 
proficient  in  his  duties,  fully  competent  to  perfonn  the  samt-,  and  shall  pass  a  satisfac- 
tory examination  upon  the  duties  of  his  position. 

Sec.  14.  Superintendents  to  report  necessary  cAanr/es.— Superintendents  will  report  at 
once  to  the  general  superintendent  any  changes  which  may  bo  necessary  under  this 
order  to  carry  it  into  etfect. 

Sec.  15.  /M/«  this  order  takes  effect. —Thin  order  will  take  effect  on  and  aftor  August 
1,  1882.  All  regulations  or  parts  of  regulations  of  this  department  inconsi.stent  with 
this  order  are  hereby  rescinded. 

T.  O.  HOWK, 

J'oitmaster-dtneral. 

As  llie  servino,  was  iminodiatoly  rcoi-i^aTiizcd  niitlcr  this  onler,  which 
took  efiect  within  one  month  alter  the  expiration  of  the  liscal  year  with 
which  this  report  is  concerned,  it  has  been  considere*!  best  t(»  sliow  the 
service  at  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year,  both  as  it  was  under  the  old  orfjan- 
ization  and  as  it  wonld  have  been  reported  under  the  reorganization,  in 
order  to  aflord  a  basis  for  a  conii»arison  with  its  condition  on  tho  .'iOth 
of  June,  1883. 

At  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year  ended  .Imie  M),  1882,  there  were  em- 
ployed in  this  service  3,570 

TIAIIAVAV  POSTAL.  CLERK.S, 
with  salaries  a}4gn';;ating  i?f.'5,48(»,770,  or  an  axfrafjt'  annual  salary  to 
each  of  $070. <»8.  This  was  an  increa-se  in  miinber  over  those  in  tho 
service  at  the  close  of  tho  previous  tisciil  year  of  3IKJ,  or  ll-'..'{7  i)er  cent., 
and  a  decrease  of  $1.85  per  anmnn  in  tiie  averajre  salary  i>ai«l  to  each. 
Und<?r  the  old  organization  tlu'  clerks  were  -iraded  ami  paid  as  Ibl 
lows: 


Number. 


1,517 
1, 557 

102 


Grade.  AontuI  coat 


Railway  pontol  dorks  . 

Ronto  aci>ntN 

Mail  roHto  in(.'N8i>ni{ers. 
Local  aK'iitH 


•1. 708. 380 
1,4l<i,i««l 


Total.  3, 570  3,4M,7T« 


898  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

These  figures  represent  the  coiulitioii  of  the  service  on  the  30th  of 
June;  but  the  actual  exi)ense  diiriug  the  year  was  as  follows: 

Railway  postal  clerks $1,574,401  36 

Route  agents l,3-i2,:}3(>  20 

Mail  route  mesaengers IH'J, 8H:{  92 

Local  agents 149,228  74 

Total 3,233,bG3  12 

RAILWAY  POST-OFFICE  LINES. 

It  affords  nie  pleasure  to  be  able  in  this  report,  for  the  first  time  since 
the  mails  have  been  carried  by  rail,  to  present  a  table  (A')  showing  all 
the  railway  post-office  lines  in  the  United  States,  arranged  in  alpha- 
betical order,  giving  the  terminal  post-offices,  the  distance  run,  the  rail- 
roads over  which  they  run,  the  annual  miles  of  service,  the  number  of 
cars  and  parts  of  cars  in  use  and  in  reserve,  and  the  number  of  railway 
postal  clerks  employed  in  each  car.  From  this  it  will  be  seen  that  on 
June  30,  1882,  there  were  in  operation  769  railway  post-offices  (new 
designation).  Those  upon  which  "railway  post-office  cars"  are  run  and 
paid  for  are  designated  in  the  table  by  being  printed  in  italics.  These 
railway  i)ostofiices  were  conducted  in  342  whole  cars  and  1,402  apart- 
ments in  cars,  a  total  of  1,804  cars  and  apartments,  and  Avere  run  over 
87,805  miles  of  railroad,  making  75,741,438  miles  of  annual  service. 

There  were  employed  upon  these  lines  3,122  railway  postal  clerks; 
162  clerks,  as  before  stated,  were  detailed  as  transfer  clerks  (formerly 
known  as  "local  agents");  286  were  detailed  as  chief  clerks  and  for 
other  clerical  duty  in  connection  with  the  service  at  this  office,  division 
headquarters,  and  other  prominent  points  where  needed,  and  were  run- 
ning upon  steamboats;  making  a  total  of  3,570.  The  average  number 
of  miles  traveled  annually  by  each  clerk  in  railway  post-offices  was 
38,564,  A  comparison  of  these  figures  with  those  given  by  the  Second 
Assistant  Postmaster-General  shows  that  there  were  12,698  miles  of 
railroad  upon  which  there  were  no  railway  post-office  lines,  and  that 
38,253,880  miles  of  annual  service  were  performed  with  express  mails 
and  closed  pouches  over  these  routes  and  portions  of  routes,  and  also 
upon  other  than  mail  trains,  over  routes  where  railway  post-office  lines 
were  running. 

GROWTH  OF  THE   SERVICE. 

Table  B^,  hereto  appended,  shows  the  growth  of  the  service  as  far  as 
it  can  be  compiled  from  the  reports  of  the  Postmaster-General  from 
1834  to  the  present  time.  In  his  report  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  No- 
vember 1,  1834,  Postmaster-General  W.  T.  Barry  says: 

The  celerity  of  tlie  mail  should  always  "be  equal  to  the  most  rapid  transition  of  the 
traveler;  and  that  which  shortens  the  time  of  communication,  and  facilitafps  the  in- 
tercourse between  distant  places,  is  like  bringing  them  nearer  together;  while  it 
affords  convenience  to  men  of  business,  it  tends  to  counteract  local  prejudices  by  en- 
larging the  sphere  of  acquaintance.  These  considerations  have  always  had  their  full 
weight  upon  my  mind  in  making  improvements  in  mail  operations.  The  multiplica- 
tion of  railroads  in  different  parts  of  the  country  promises,  within  a  few  years,  to  give 
great  rapidity  to  the  movements  of  travelers,  and  it  is  a  subject  worthy  of  inquirj', 
Tvhethei"  measures  may  not  now  be  taken  to  secure  the  transportation  of  the  mail  upon 
them.  Already  have  the  railroads  between  Frenchtown,  in  Maryland,  and  New 
Castle,  in  Delaware,  and  between  Canulen  and  South  Amboy,  in  New  .Jersey,  aftorded 
great  and  important  facilities  to  the  transmission  of  the  great  Eastern  mail. 

The  railroad  between  this  city  and  Baltimore  will  soon  be  completed,  and  the  dis- 
tance from  the  post-office  in  this  placo  to  that  of  Baltimore,  will  not  be  materially 
varied  from  the  present  road,  38  miles.  From  Baltimore,  by  Port  Deposit,  in  Mary- 
land^ to  Coatesville,  in  Pennsylvania,  the  line  for  a  railroad  is  located,  and  the  stock 


REPORT    OF   THE   POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 


899 


subscribed  for  it8  completion,  and  from  Coatc^ville  to  Philad«!lpliia,  a  railroad  is  made 
and  in  operation.  Tlio  tlJKtaiice  between  ISuItimoru  and  Philadelphia  on  this  road 
will  be  one  hnndred  and  seventeen  miles,  about  eijjhteen  miles  ;ircater  than  the  pres- 
ent laud  route.  From  Philadelphia  to  Trontou  bridge,  about  tweuty-«!ij;ht  mile«,  tho 
railrua>4i  is  nearly  completed,  and  from  New  Urunswick,  in  J<rM-v,  to  .Terii<-y  City, 
on  the  west  siile  of  the  Hudson  River,  opposite  ilio  eity  of  Now  York,  thirty  miles,  thn 
railroad  is  in  a  state  of  proj^ress.  When  these  works  shall  be  eoniplete<l,  the  only 
interval  will  be  between  Trenton  and  New  Brunswick,  about  twenty-six  miles,  to 
complete  an  entire  railroad  between  this  place  and  the  city  of  Now  Yt>rk,  and  it  can- 
not be  sui>posed  that  the  enterprisinj;  State  of  New  Jeraey  will  long  delay  to  perfect 
a  communieation  of  such  great  importance,  passing  ihrouyh  most  of  ber  largest  ami 
most  flourishing  t<>wns. 

When  this  shall  bo  done,  tho  whcde  distance  between  this  city  and  New  York  on 
a  continuous  railroad,  will  not  exceed  two  hundred  and  forty  miles,  and  the  journey 
may  be  performed  at  all  times  with  certainty,  allowing  ample  time  for  Rtopping  at 
important  places  on  the  road,  in  sixteen  hours,  and  ordinarily  in  a  shorter  period. 

If  provision  can  be  mado  to  secure  the  regular  transjiortation  of  the  mail  upon 
this  and  upon  other  railroads  winch  are  constnictiug,  and  in  some  instances,  already 
finished,  it  will  be  of  great  utility  to  tho  public,  otherwise  thuso  corporations  may 
become  exorbitant  in  their  demands,  and  prove  eventually  to  bo  dangerous  mono]i- 
olies. 

From  the  fipfures  following  in  this  table,  the  modest  78  miles  repre- 
senting the  distance  between  South  Anjboy  and  Camden,  and  New 
Castle  and  Fienchtowu  (Elkton),  over  which  the  mail  was  carried  by 
the  stagecoach  contractors  in  l.s;j4,  it  does  not  ai)pear  that  Postmaster- 
General  Barry  was  at  all  extravagant  in  his  anticipations. 

During  the  past  year  the  increase  in  miles  of  railroad  route  over  the 
preceding  year  was  8,091,  or  9.82  per  cent. 

ESTIMATE  FOR  1881. 

I  append  a  table  showing  the  expenditures  for  railway  postal  clerks 
(new  designation),  from  1877  to  the  present  time : 

Expenditures  «n  account  of  eniployi's  of  raihcay  mail  service  (railwa;/  pontal  clrrk$)  1877 
to  lS-'i2,  aud  estimate  for  the  same  for  lbcJ4. 


* 

S  M 

*i  s. 

^ 

FiBcal  year  ending  Juuo  30— 

B  AM 

1 

• 
a 

c 

u 

b  u 

a 

5i 
w 

i^i 

s 

» 

Pi 

1877 -- 

2,500 

(■'■--       - 

i 

lfi7g                       

2.608 
2.  0<)8 

io8 

1 

a.4« 

6.79 

1870 

1880 

2.IMrt 

3:17 

4.21 

18S1            

3.177 
3,570 

2J1 
303 

•a,  "111,  ihi'J  WJ 
fa, 077, 120  00 

471.140  M 
207, 120  00 

11.37 
0.47 
14.  «S 

1082 

18^» 

Iggif                    

>  ApproprinlioD. 


t  Eatlmato. 


The  average  annual  ])er  cent,  of  increase  of  each  year  over  the  pro 
ceding  year  from  $l.',io(i,.>47.r>S  in  J.S77  to  li'-iJlOjOtHJ  appiDpriateil  for 
1883  is  7.20  per  cent.;  on  which  basis  the  cMiinato  for  l.SH^l  .sliould  br 
$3,977,120.  It  is  believed,  in  view  of  the  large  incn*as«»  made  for  the 
present  iiscal  year,  and  tlui  facility  with  which  expenditures  ean  Im^  rej; 
iilated  under  the  new  organization,  that  this  increaw*  will  !>»•  KUllleienf 
to  enable  postal  clerks  to  bo  ajipointCil  upon  new  niilroads  as  fust  as 
completed,  where  the  amount  of  mail  to  be  handled  is  large  onuiigh  lo 
justify  their  appointment. 


900  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

MAIL    DISTRIBUTED,   ERRORS    CHECKED,   v«tC. 

During  the  ])ast  year  the  railway  postal  clerks  handled  and  distrib- 
uted 2,155,L'l  3,880  letters  and  postal  cards,  and  1,1578,176,600  pieces  of 
other  mail  matter,  or  a  total  of  all  classes  of  ordinary  mail  matter  of 
0,433,390,480,  besides  14,234,310  registered  packages  and  570,483  through 
registered  pouches.  This  was  an  increase  over  1881  of  351,230,  160 
letters,  or  19.48  i)er  cent.,  and  of  other  mail  matter  of  228,880,250,  or 
21.82  per  cent.,  and  a  total  increase  of  all  classes  of  mail  matter  of 
580,110,410,  or  20.33  per  cent.  The  increase  of  registered  packages 
and  pouches  handled  over  the  number  reported  last  year  is  2,776,028,  or 
23.9  per  cent. 

In  the  distribution  of  this  matter  902,489  errors  were  made,  or  one 
for  every  3,805  pieces  handled,  against  one  in  every  3,624  pieces  han- 
dled in  1881,  one  in  every  3,482  pieces  handled  during  1880,  and  one  in 
every  3,469  pieces  handled  in  1879.  These  figures  show  that  the  clerks 
continue  to  improve  in  accuracy  in  distribution  with  the  increase  of 
the  mails.  During  the  past  year  405,706  errors  were  checked  against 
postmasters  as  against  454,349  errors  in  1881,  which  shows  that  the  dis- 
tribution at  post-offices  has  improved  during  the  year.  Tables  C,  D', 
and  E\  hereto  appended,  give  the  details  of  which  the  foregoing  is  a 
synopsis. 

FACING  SLIPS. 

The  regulations  require  postal  clerks  to  place  upon  each  letter  package 
and  in  eaeh  sack  of  other  mail  matter  made  up  bj  them  to  be  redistrib- 
uted in  another  railway  post-office,  or  post-office,  a  sli])  of  paper  called 
a  "  facing  slip,"  about  four  inches  long  by  two  and  one-half  inches  wide, 
and  bearing  on  its  lace,  either  printed  or  written,  the  descriptive  title 
and  destination  of  the  mail  forwarded  under  it,  the  postmark  of  the  rail- 
way x)ost-office  and  direction  moving,  and  the  name  of  the  clerk  making 
up  the  mail.  These  slips  are  also  placed  inside  of  packages  and  sacks 
made  up  direct  for  a  post-office. 

The  clerk  who  ox)ens  one  of  these  packages  or  sacks,  if  the  package 
or  sack  has  been  missent  or  misdirected,  notes  the  fact  upon  the  slip, 
which  he  retains,  and  sends  the  package  or  sack  in  the  proper  direction 
accompanied  by  one  of  his  own  slips. 

If  the  package  or  sack  is  properly  addressed,  the  clerk  notes  upon  the 
slip  whether  any  letters,  &c.,  have  been  placed  therein  which  should 
have  been  sent  in  another  direction  or  included  in  s«me  other  package 
or  sack,  giving  a  description  of  the  same,  and  placing  his  name  and  post- 
mark upon  the  incorrect  slip.  At  the  end  of  each  trip  a  report  is  made 
to  the  division  superintendent  of  the  mail  received,  distributed,  and  de- 
livered upon  the  trip,  giving  the  number  of  packages  of  letters  and  sacks 
of  other  mail  distributed.  With  this  report  are  inclosed  all  incorrect 
slips. 

Tables  C,  D\  and  E^  are  consolidated  from  these  trip  reports.  IJe- 
l)eated  ;tctual  counts  have  enabled  this  office  to  fix  upon  the  average 
number  of  letters  in  a  package  as  40,  and  of  pieces  of  other  mail  matter 
in  a  sack  as  150,  and  by  multiplying  the  number  of  packages  and  sacks 
by  these  figures  respectively  an  approximate  estimate  of  the  work  i)er- 
formed  is  obtained.  It  must  be  remembered,  however,  that  the  totals 
thus  obtained  are  largely  in  excess  of  the  entire  number  of  letters,  &c., 
mailed  in  the  United  States  during  the  year,  as  every  time  a  letter  or 
paper  is  distributed  it  is  counted,  and  while  one  distribution  takes  a 
large  number  of  pieces  of  mail  to  their  destination,  a  still  larger  number 


REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL.         901 

require  two  or  more  distributions  before  each  piece  is  placed  in  a  direct 
package  or  sack  for  the  ])Ostonic<'  to  which  it  is  achlressed. 

It  appears  from  Table  C  that  during  tiie  year  Gl.',t()8,lUl  letter  pack- 
ages and  sacks  of  otlicr  mail  were  distributed,  each  of  which  nHjuired  a 
facing  shp  to  accompany  it.  One  half  may  safely  be  add»'<l  to  this  num- 
ber for  facing  slips  i>laced  in  direct  ])ackages  aiid  sacks,  making  a  total 
of93,G12,28G  facing  slips  used  by  this  service  during  the  year.  Th»- 
number  of  blank  slips  furnished  by  the  blank  agency  is  reiiorted  by  thi- 
superintendent  as  .'}ii,73(l,GOO.  The  remainder,  about  sixty  millions,  "wen* 
procured  by  the  clerks  at  tludr  own  expense  with  the  information  printed 
thereon,  which  is  required  by  the  regulations  to  be  either  luinted  or 
written.  The  average  })rice  i)ai(l  by  the  clerks  for  i)rinting.  the  i)apei- 
(manila  wi-apping)  being  furnished  by  the  blank  agency,  is  J.j  cents  per 
thousand.  It  thus  ai>pears  that  the  postal  clerks  contribiit<'d  out  of 
their  own  scanty  pay  about  !jir»,0()0  for  the  improvement  of  the  postal 
service  during  the  past  year.  It  is  greatly  to  be  desired  that  the  use  of 
printed  slii)S  be  made  general,  as  it  contributes  very  largely  to  accuracy 
in  distribution  and  dispatch  of  the  mails,  but  I  do  not  think  it  right  to 
require  clerks  to  have  them  i)rinked  at  their  own  exiu'nse.  The  ])rint- 
ing  of  these  slips  ought  to  be  done  at  tlivision  headcpiarters,  under  the 
supervision  of  the  superintendent,  upon  paper  furnished  as  now  by  the 
blank  agency.  I  have  for  some  time  been  reluctant  to  approve  requisi- 
tions for  pai)er  belonging  to  the  postal  servic<'  to  bo  deliver«'(l  to  outside 
parties  for  printing  and  cutting  into  slii)s  for  the  use  of  i)ostal  ch*rks, 
and  have  only  done  so  in  rare  instances,  because  the  intenvst  of  the 
service  seemed  to  demand  it.  By  an  expenditun-  of  not  over  $1,000  at 
each  division  headquarters  a  press,  paper-cutter,  tyi)e,  &<•.,  could  be 
purchased,  and  postal  clerks  could  be  detailed  to  i)rint  and  issue  the 
slips  as  needed.  1  would  therefore  re«iuest  that  Congress  be  aske«l  to 
authorize  the  Postmaster  General  to  expend  out  of  the  appropriation 
for  transportation  of  the  mails  by  railroads,  not  to  exceed  nine  thou- 
sand dollars  for  the  purchase  of  i)resses,  pai)er-cuttera,  ami  printing  ma- 
terial, to  be  used  at  the  several  division  lieadquarters  in  printing  fuciug 
slips  for  this  service. 

CASE  EXA:sriNATIOX.^— CHIEF  CLEUKS. 

Tables  F' and  G',  hereto  api)ended,  show  the  results  of  the  exam- 
inationfi  of  the  railway  i)ostal  clerks  dining  the  year  in  the  distribution 
of  cards  bearing  the  names  of  post-olliees  into  cases  labeled  witli  the 
States  and  counties  in  which  the  jwist otlices  are  located.  These  exam- 
inations are  conducted  by  ]>oslal  clerks  of  class  live,  at  a  salary  of 
$1,400  per  annum,  who  are  detailed,  on  account  of  their  superior  knowl- 
edge of  the  service  and  their  execulivr  ability,  as  (-hief  clerks  t«»  Kui>er- 
intend  these  examinations,  and  also  to  assist  division  superintendents 
at  important  railroad  junctions  in  the  general  management  of  the 
service. 

In  the  discharge  of  these  duties  they  are  necessarily  compelh-d  to 
travel  a  great  deal,  involving  (vmsiderable  additional  expense,  for  whiih 
they  ought  to  be  repaid.  I  therefore  recommend  that  Congress  Ih»  aske<l 
to  give  the  rostmaster-General  authority  to  allow  railway  p«»stal  clerks 
detailed  as  chief  clerks  not  to  exceed  J*.!  \h'V  day  for  expenses  while 
traveling  on  the  business  of  the  railway  mail  service,  to  be  paid  out 
of  the  appropriation  for  the  transportation  of  the  mail  by  railroad. 


902  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

PKOBATIONAllY    APPOINTMENTS. 

Attention  is  invited  to  tlie  Tiible  G',  bein^- :i  .statement  of  the  case 
examinations  of  raihva}^  postal  elerks  (lurinj4-  i)robation.  It  will  be  seen 
that  out  of  1,027  appointed  upon  probation,  208  (or  over  twenty  per 
cent.)  failed  to  pass  fhial  examination,  and  either  resigned  or  were 
dropped  at  the  expiration  of  their  probationary  terms. 

c;asualties — keleef  for  the  yictims. 

Table  H',  hereto  appended,  shows  that  during  tfhe  past  fiscal  year 
there  were  83  casualties,  in  which  3  railway  postal  clerks  lost  their 
lives,  IC  were  seriously  and  20  were  slightly  wounded. 

During  the  past  eight  years,  as  appears  from  Table  I^  compiled  from 
the  annual  reports,  2G9  casualties  have  been  reported,  in  which  19 
employes  of  this  service  have  been  killed,  84  have  been  seriously  and 
77  slightly  wounded.  Under  the  regulations,  as  amended  by  an  order 
of  the  Postmaster-Cleneral  of  June  IC,  1882,  leave  of  absence  with  pay 
is  granted  to  postal  clerks  disabled  by  injuries  received,  without  con- 
tributary  negligence  on  their  part,  while  in  the  discharge  of  their  duties, 
for  a  period  of  not  to  exceed  six  months;  but  any  extension  of  leave 
beyond  that  period  must  bo  without  pay,  whicli  is  a  hardship  for  which 
relief  should  be  given,  and  the  Postmaster-General  should  be  authorized 
to  continue  such  disabled  postal  clerks  upon  leave  with  the  full  pay  of 
their  grade  until  recovery,  or  at  least  one  year. 

No  provision  is  or  can  be  made  for  the  families  of  those  killed  in  the 
service  until  action  is  taken  by  Congress.  I  renew  the  recommendation 
made  in  each  annual  report  for  the  last  seven  years,  that  the  Postmaster- 
General  may  be  authorized  to  pay  to  the  widow,  or  guardian  of  minor  chil- 
dren, of  railway  postal  clerks  killed  in  the  service,  a  sum  equal  to  two 
years'  salary  of  the  grade  held  at  the  time  of  death.  This  would  involve 
no  additional  appropriation,  as  the  deductions  from  pay  for  failure  to  per- 
form service,  absence  without  leave,  leaves  of  absence  without  pay, 
and  violations  of  the  regulations  would  be  sufficient  to  meet  all  such 
payments.  During  the  last  fiscal  year  these  deductions,  as  reported 
by  the  Auditor,  amounted  to  nearly  $15,000,  which  now  reverts  into  the 
Treasury.  The  three  clerks  killed  in  the  accident  between  Charleston, 
S.  C,  and  Savannah,  Ga.,  January  22, 1882,  received  salaries  at  the  fol- 
lowing rates:  H.  A.  Pox,  $1,300;  W.  H.  Burbridge,  $1,150;  and  George 
E.  Osborne,  $900,  each  per  annum.  Two  years'  pay  to  the  widows 
or  children  of  these  men  amounts  to  $0,700,  or  less  than  one-half  the 
amount  deducted  for  the  reasons  above  mentioned.  It  is  impossible  to 
preserve  the  discipline  necessary  among  a  force  of  nearly  4,000  men  in  or- 
der to  keep  up  the  efficiency  of  the  service,  without  making  deductions 
from  the  pay  of  individuals  for  failure  to  perform  service,  or  for  neglect  to 
discharge  their  duties  in  accordance  with  the  postal  laws  and  regula- 
tions, and  it  would  greatly  add  to  the  welfare  of  the  service  and  go  far  to 
remove  the  discontent  sometimes  manifested  by  those  who  have  had 
deductions  made  from  their  pay,  were  Congress  to  authorize  the  Post- 
master-General to  apply  these  deductions,  as  above  suggested,  to  the 
relief  of  the  families  of  those  killed,  and  to  meet  the  necessities  of  those 
disabled  for  a  longer  term  than  leave  of  absence  with  pay  is  now 
granted  for. 

RAILWAY  postal  CARS— ESTIMATE. 

The  appropriation  for  railway  post-office  cars  for  the  past  year  was 
$1,520,000.  The  railway  post-o'ffice  lines  upon  Avhich  railway  post-office 
cars  were  run  and  paid  for  are  designated  %  their  names  being  printed 
in  italics  in  Table  A\  to  which  reference  is  made.    They  are  the  main 


REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL.         903 

trunk  lines  upon  which  the  great  through  mails  are  trausitortod  ami 
distributed.  A  detailed  account  of  the  division  of  the  ai)j)rui»riatiuij 
among  the  railroads  comprisiug  these  lines  is  given  in  Tal>le  I,  appendt'd 
to  the  report  of  the  Second  Assistant  rostmaster-General.  It  is  1h}- 
lieved  that  the  increase  of  business  over  existing  trunk  lines  and  the 
completion  of  missing  links  in  nearly  completed  new  trunk  linos  will 
necessitate  an  additional  appropriation  for  1884  of  .*1()(),0(H»,  and  I  there- 
fore recommend  that  an  appropriation  of  $J,GL'G,000  be  asked  for  rail- 
way postal  cars  for  1884. 

LOCAL  UAILWAY  POST-OFFICE  SERVICE. 

Much  inconvenience  is  experienced  by  the  inhabitants  of  the  towns 
and  villages  along  some  of  the  lines  of  railroad  traveled  by  the  rail- 
way post-offices  carrying  the  great  through  mails,  on  account  of  the  in 
convenience  to  business  men  of  the  hours  at  which  the  railway  post- 
offices  arrive  and  depart.  Upon  most  of  these  roads  lU'commodation 
trains  are  run  to  and  from  the  principal  terminals  for  distances  of  ICKt 
miles,  more  or  less.  It  will  be  a  great  benefit  to  the  i)eople  living  along 
these  lines  if  postal  clerks  can  be  placed  upon  these  accomniodation 
trains,  and  tlie  revenues  of  the  department  would  be,  increased  by  tbe 
additional  number  of  letters  which  Avould  be  written  when  business 
men  could  write  in  the  morning  to  their  correspondents  in  the  city  or 
in  the  neighboring  towns  and  receive  a  reply  in  the  evening  of  tin* 
same  day.  It  is  believed  that  with  the  additional  appropriation  asked 
for  railway  postal  clerks  the  service  can  be  placed  upon  such  trains 
where  it  is  most  needed.  Wherever  the  correspondence  already  exist 
ing  is  sufficient  to  warrant  the  establishment  of  a  railway  post-office 
(new  designation),  the  correspondence  will  double  soon  after  such  facil- 
ities are  furnished  for  its  more  speedy  exchange. 

FAST  MAILS  AiS'D  SPECIAL  FACILITIES. 

The  appropriation  for  special  facilities  for  1882  was  $425,000.  A  de- 
tailed statement  of  the  manner  in  which  the  approj)riation  was  expende<l 
will  be  found  in  Table  K,  appended  to  the  report  of  the  Second  Assistant 
Postmaster  General. 

The  results  obtained  by  the  expenditure  were  as  follows ; 

New  Yorlc  to  ISprhigJield,  ^fas8.  (Now  York,  New  Haven  and  liailford 
Bailroad). — This  train  was  established  at  the  instance  of  the  Post-Ollire 
Department.  Leaving  New  York  at  5  a.  m.,  it  received  mail  leaving 
Washington,  1).  C,  the  previous  day  at  5.40  p.  m.;  iJaltiinoro,  7.2.1  p. 
m.;  Philadeli)hia,  12  midnight;  and  New  York  at  5  a.  m.  l)elivtMe«l  and 
received  mail  between  New  York  and  New  Haven,  Conn.,  where  it  ar- 
rived at  8.0;j  a.  m.  AVithout  this  train  the  mail  would  have  been  dr 
livered  at  New  Haven  at  10.20  a.  m.  It  conne«ted  at  New  Hav«'n  with 
train  leaving  at  8.08  a.  nj.,  with  a  i)ostal  <lerk,  for  New  I/oiulon  an»l 
Providence.  JNlail  was  received  and  delivered  at  all  int«'rme«liat4'  (»nices, 
and  delivered  at  New  London  at  10.10  a.  m.  instead  of  12.40  p.  m.; 
Providence,  at  12.45  instead  of  ^.45  \u  m.;  antl  there  was  a  train  con- 
nection from  Providenc«!  to  Boston.  The  New  Haven  and  Willinmntie  ]l. 
P.  O.  left  New  Haven  in  connection  with  this  train  at  8.05  a.  m..  and  at 
Willimantic  connected  with  the  Boston  and  Waterbury  IJ.  P.  U.  Mails 
were  delivered  and  reeeive<l  at  all  places  betw»'en  New  Haven  and 
Boston.  Mails  were  delivered  at  Middletown  at  8.58  p.  m.,  arriving  in 
Boston  at  1.25  p.  m.  instead  of  .'$.55  p.  ni.;  arriving  at  Hartford  at  O.l  I 
a.  m.  instead  of  11.45  a.  m.;  Springfield,  at  10.40  a.  ni.  instead  of  12.2S 
p.  m.  Mail  for  Lowell  and  Lawrence  was  delivered  at  .'...'{O  p.  m.,  for- 
merly delivered  at  0.30  p.  m.     Larly  deliveries  were  also  made  to  Wor- 


904  PAPEKS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

cester,  Salem,  Lyini,  lN\i\vburyport,  Jiaveiiiill,  and  many  other  imi)ortant 
offices  ill  Massachusetts;  to  Nasluia,  Manchester,  Concord,  Portsmouth, 
Dover,  Great  Falls,  and  to  other  offices  in  New  Ilampshire,  and  to  points 
in  Maine  as  far  east  as  Portland.  This  train  was  not  in  the  Kail  way 
Guide  as  one  of  the  company's  passenger  trains.  It  carried  a  very  large 
mail. 

New  York  to  Chicago,  III.  (New  York  Central  and  Iludson  Eiver  Eail- 
road,  and  Lake  Shore  and  Michigan  Southern  Raih'oad). — This  was  for 
the  fast  mail  that  left  New  York  at  4.35  a.  m.  and  arrived  at  Chicago 
the  following  morning  at  0.40  a.  m.;  also  for  another  fast  mail  that  left 
New  York  at  8.50  p.  m.,  arriving  at  Cleveland,  Ohio,  the  following  day 
at  .1.50  p.  m.,  Toledo  5.40  x>.  m.,  and  Chicago  the  second  day  at  G  a.  m. 

Ti*ain  lea%ing  New  York  at  4.35  a.  m.  Three  postal  cars  on  this  train, 
New  York  to  Syracuse;  two  from  Syracuse  to  Buffalo,  and  one  from 
Buffalo  to  Chicago.  This  train  was  established  at  the  instance  of  the 
Post-Office  Dei)artment  as  special  to  Albany,  where  the  postal  cars 
were  transferred  to  the  regular  train  "made  up"  there  for  Buffalo,  and 
from  Buffalo  to  Chicago  on  the  limited  express,  where  it  arrived  at  9.40 
a.  m.  At  Fishkill  it  connected  with  the  Millersville  and  Dutchess 
Junction  E.  P.  O.  It  delivered  mail  at  Newburgh  at  6.10  a.  m.  instead 
of  10.01  a.  m.;  Poughkeepsie,  at  C.30  a.  m.  instead  of  10.36  a.  m.  At 
Ehineclift'  it  connected  with  the  Boston  Corners  and  Ehiueclift'  E.  P.  O. 
Delivered  the  mail  at  Ehinecliff,  Eondout,  and  Kingston  at  6.54  a.  m. 
instead  of  11.08  a.  m.;  Hudson,  7.32  a.  m.  instead  of  12.01  p.  m.;  Albany, 
8.20  a.  m.  instead  of  1  p.  m.;  Troy,  8.50  a.  m.  instead  of  1.15  p.  in.;  Sche- 
nectady at  9  a.  m.  instead  of  1.55  p.  m.;  Little  Falls  at  10.45  a.  m,  in- 
stead of  3.50  p.  m. ;  Utica,  11.22  a.  m.  instead  of  4.30  p.  in. ;  Eome,  11.53 
a.  m.  instead  of  5.09  p.  m.;  Syracuse  at  1  p.  m.  instead  of  6.25  p.  m.; 
Eochester,  4.05  p.  m.  instead  of  11.05  p.  m.;  Buffalo,  6.30  p.  m.  instead  of 
midnight.  Formerly  these  postal  cars  left  New  York  at  8  a.  m.  and 
arrived  at  Chicago  the  following  day  at  7.40  p.  m.  The  arrival  at  9.40 
a.  m.  instead  of  7.40  p.  m.  is  equivalent  to  the  saving  of  one  business 
day  to  Chicago,  and  for  all  points  west  and  northwest  of  Chicago,  as 
all  the  principal  connections  are  made  at  Chicago;  and  this  is  particu- 
larly the  case  for  all  jjoints  west  of  Omaha,  as  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad 
only  runs  one  train  j^er  day,  and  this  train  made  the  connection. 

The  southwestern  mails  from  New  York  were  sent  via  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Eailroad,  yet  there  was  a  large  accumulation  of  mail  on  this  train 
for  that  section,  and  the  connection  was  made  at  Toledo,  Ohio,  which 
saved  as  much  time  as  for  points  west  of  Chicago. 

Train  leaving  New  York  at  8.50  p.  m.  There  were  three  postal  cars  on 
this  train  that  ran  special  with  express  cars  (no  passengers)  to  Cleve- 
land, Ohio  (a  distance  of  six  hundred  and  twenty-six  miles).  Form- 
erly this  mail  left  New  Yorlc  at  6  p.  m.,  which  necessitated  a  close  in 
the  New  York  office  at  4  p.  m.,  too  early  to  get  all  the  mail,  as  there  is  a 
large  amount  of  mail  posted  between  the  closing  for  the  6  p.  m.  train 
and  that  for  the  8.30  p.  m.  train,  and  all  of  the  mail  that  accumulated 
between  the  hours  above  named  and  \Tas  forwarded  at  8.50  p.  m.  gained 
twelve  hours.  This  train  received  at  Albany  the  mail  that  left  Boston 
at  6  p.  m.,  whereas  if  the  postal  cars  left  New  York  at  6  p.  m.  it  would 
require  a  departure  from  Boston  at  3  p,  ni.  This  train  received  and 
delivered  mail  at  all  important  points  between  New  Y'ork  and  Buffalo, 
where  it  arrived  at  9.15  a.  m.;  Erie,  Pa.,  11.31  a.  m.;  Cleveland,  Ohio, 
1.55  p.  m.  At  this  point  connections  were  made  for  the  South  and 
Southwest,  viz:  Cincinnati,  arriving  at  11.15  p.  m.;  Louisville,  8.20  a. 
m.:  and  Saint  Louis,  at  8.20  a.  m.    This  train  delivered  and  received 


REPORT  OP  THE  P03TMA8TER-GENERAL.         906 

mail  at  all  oflQw^s  betwetMi  Biitlalo  and  Clevclaml  and  all  of  the  larger 
offices  between  Cleveland  and  Chicago;  anived  at  ToUmIo  5.30  p.  m.; 
Chicago,  the  secoud  morning  atG  a.  m.,  in  time  for  the  first  delivery  and 
to  make  all  outward  connections.  Mail  that  left  New  York  at  8.50  p. 
m.  arrived  at  Cleveland,  also  Toledo,  in  time  for  delivery  the  following 
day;  also  at  all  intermediate  points. 

New  York  to  Pittuhxinih.  (Uncitniati,  Saijit  Louin,  and  Cliiaigo  (Penn- 
sylvania Ilailroad;  Pittsi>urgh,  Chicago  and  Saint  Louis  Railroad;  and 
Fort  Wayne  and  Chicago  IJailroad). — This  arnnigcment  was  for  a  fast 
mail  leaving  New  York  at  8  p.  m.,  arriving  at  Pittsburgh  the  following 
morning,  Cincinnati  the  following  night,  and  Saint  l.ouis  tin-  second 
morning;  and  for  another  fast  mail  that  left  New  York  at  8  a.  m.,  whidi 
now  leaves  at  4.35  a.  m. 

The  4,35  a.  m.  train  from  New  York  haule<l  tin*  AVashington  postal 
car  to  Philadelphia,  and  had  two  cars  for  Pittsburgh  and  tlie  Wost  and 
Southwest.  At  Columbus,  Ohio,  one  car  went  to  Cincinnati  and  the 
other  to  Saint  Louis.  ^lail  was  delivered  and  received  at  all  otlici's 
between  New  Y"ork  and  Pittsburgh,  arriving  at  Ilarrisbnrgh  at  11  a.  ni. 
instead  of  7.40  p.  m.;  Altoona  at  3.45  p.  m.  instead  of  12  midnight. 
Mail  was  delivered  and  received  at  all  the  larger  oftices  between 
Pittsburgh  and  Columbus,  reaching  Columbus  at  3.45  a.  m.  instead  of 
9.20  a.  m.,  and  arrived  at  Cincinnati  at  8  a.  m.,  instead  of  3.05  j).  m.,  mak- 
ing the  southern  connections  for  Louisville  and  the  South,  via  Louis- 
ville, at  12.45  p.  m.  instead  of  8.05  p.  m.  Formerly  this  conne<tion 
was  broken  at  Cincinnati,  consequently  there  was  a  delay  of  twche 
hours  for  all  points  southwest  from  Cincinnati.  This  tiaiii,  via  Ix>uis- 
ville  and  Nashville  Kailroad,  had  a  direct  connection  to  New  Orleans, 
also  to  Mem]>his,  Tenn. 

The  8  p.  m.  train  Irom  New  York  carried  three  ixtstal  cars.  On  the 
1st  day  of  July,  1881,  there  was  a  fast  mail  established  on  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad  between  New  York  ami  Cobimbus,  Ohio,  leaving 
New  York  at  8.35  p.  m.,  after  tlie  <lose  of  l)usiIu^ss,  receiving  all  the 
important  business  mail  of  tlie  day,  and,  by  fast  running,  overtaking 
at  Columbus,  Ol)io,  the  regular  fast  e\]>ress  that  left  New  York  two 
hours  and  thirty  minutes  earlier.  AtC'olumbus  tlie  postal  cars  attached 
to  this  train  were  sei)arated,  one  goingtoCineinnati,  Ohio,  on  the  ivgu- 
lar  fast  express,  and  the  other  two  going  to  Saint  Louis,  Mo.,  via 
Indianapolis,  Iiul.,  on  the  regular  express  and  i)assenger  train,  arriv- 
ing at  Saint  Louis,  ]\Io.,  in  time  to  make  a  connection  with  all  moruiug 
outward  trains. 

The  late  departure  at  New  York  largely  increases  the  amount  of 
mail  forwarded  on  this  train,  which  is  advanced  twelve  hours. 

.lanuary  21,  1S82,  the  schedule  of  this  lirst-meutioneil  train  was 
changed  to  arrive  at  Pittsburgh  at  1.50  p.  m.,  thereby  losing  the  morn- 
ingconneetion  at  lMtts])urgh. 

New  Yorl-  to  Saranuah,  (in.,  .farksonrillr,  /•'/«/.,  ilv.  (Pennsylvania 
Kailroad:  Richmond,  !•  ledericksburgh  and  Potoniae  Ifaihoad:  Rich- 
mond and  Petersbiuuh  R:iilroad:  \\'ilmington  and  Weldon  liailroad  : 
Petersburgii  Kailroiul:  Wilmington,  Cobiml)ns  ami  Augusta  Railroad: 
North-Eastenr  Railroad:  Savannah  and  Charleston  Railroa<l).  Thi-N 
was  for  a  fast  mail  that  left  New  York  at  4.35  a.  m.  (with  e(.Mm-<.-tion 
leaving  Boston  the  i)revious  i-vening  at  0.15;  lor  IMiiladelphia,  Haiti- 
more,  Washington,  iMchmond,  Wilmington.  Charleston,  and  Savannah, 
with  connection  to  Jacksonville,  Fla.,  and  «lelivi'ml  mail  at  Ralli 
more  at  9.<">0a.  m.  instead  of  3.:'.«;  ji.  m.:  Washington,  11.20  a.  m.  instead 
of  4.40  p.  m. ;  Richmond,  3  p.  m.  instead  of  9.50  p.  m.;  PetersburgU 


906  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING  THE 

at  4  p.  m.  instead  of  10.55  p.  ni. ;  Wcklon,  (J  p.  m.  instead  of  1.20  a.  m. ; 
Wilmington,  11.05  \).  m.  instead  of  7.05  i».  ni. ;  I'Morence,  li.47  a.  ni.  instead 
of  11.40  a.  ni. ;  Columbia,  0.10  a.  ni.  instead  of  4.25  p.  m. ;  Auj^nsta, 
9.52  a.  tn.  instead  of  8.40  p.  m. ;  (Jliailestou,  0.50  a.  lu.  instead  of  4.25 
p.  m. ;  Savannali,  10.45  a.  m.  instead  of  9.40  p.  ui.,  and  connected  with 
train  that  arrived  at  Jacksonville  at  5.30  p.  m. 

This  line  received  and  delivered  mail  at  all  interinediatc  })Oints. 

Richmond  to  Atlanta^  Ga.  (Richmond  and  Danville  llailroad).  This 
was  for  fast  mail  to  Atlanta,  Ga.,  November  20,  1881.  It  was  trans- 
ferred to  start  from  Washington  instead  of  Richmond,  which  did  not 
materially  increase  the  expense,  and  February  12,  1882,  was  discon- 
tinued by  the  railroad  company.  While  in  operation  it  left  Richmond  on 
the  arrival  of  the  fast  mail  from  the  North,  and  arrived  at  Atlanta  at 
11  a.  m.  By  the  regular  train  the  mail  would  have  arrived  at  12  mid- 
night. It  connected  with  the  noon  train  out  of  Atlanta,  and  arrived 
at  New  Orleans  at  10.22  a.  m.  instead  of  10.02  p.  m.  There  was  a 
postal  car  on  this  train,  and  mails  were  delivered  at  all  intermediate 
offices.  All  mail  for  points  west  of  Atlanta  was  advanced  twelve  hours, 
and  New  Orleans  received  the  benefits  of  one  business  day. 

Alexandria  to  Lynchhun/h,  Va.  (Virginia  Midland  Railroad). — This  was 
for  a  night  train  on  this  road  with  through  connections  to  the  South. 
Prior  to  February  12,  1882,  it  left  at  10.15  p.  m.  and  made  the  same  con- 
nections to  Atlanta  as  the  line  via  Richmond  that  left  Washington  at  5 
p.m.    Since  that  date  it  has  left  at  7  p.  m. 

Tocoi  to  ^aint  Augustine,  Fla.  (Saint  John's  Railway). — This  was  for 
twenty-six  additional  round  trips  in  connection  with  the  night  boat  on 
the  Saint  John's  River. 

ESTIMATES  FOE.  SPECIAL  FACILITIES  FOR  1884. 

Thus  far  during  the  present  year  only  a  small  portion  of  the  appro- 
priation for  special  facilities  has  been  expended,  on  account  of  the  in- 
ability in  most  instances  of  the  Postmaster-General  to  agree  with  the 
railroad  companies  upon  any  terms  that  he  believed  to  be  advantageous 
to  the  department.  On  the  lines  from  W^ashington,  D.  C.,  to  Atlanta, 
Ga.,  the  companies  withdrew  the  fast  service  before  the  end  of  the  last 
fiscal  year,  and  abandoned  all  claim  to  any  allowance  out  of  the  appro- 
priation. The  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Company  also  withdrew  the  fast 
mail  between  New  York  and  Pittsburgh,  Pa.  The  service  over  that 
route  is  now  slow  and  unsatisfactory. 

The  Atlantic  Coast  Line  from  New  York  to  Charleston,  S.  C,  has 
been  continued  under  the  same  arrangement  as  last  year. 

It  is  believed,  however,  that  in  the  near  future  the  Postmaster-General 
will  be  able  to  make  arrangements  for  the  establishment  of  fast  mail 
service  where  it  is  needed,  upon  terms  which  will  be  lust  to  the  railroads, 
and  advantageous  to  the  department  and  to  the  public.  It  is  necessary 
that  this  appropriation  be  continued  as  long  as  the  present  method  of 
adjusting  the  compensation  of  railroads  for  carrying  the  mail  is  kept  up, 
in  order  that  the  Postmaster-General  may  have  the  power  and  authority 
to  meet  emergencies. 

I  would  therefore  respectfully  recommend  that  the  appropriation  for 
the  next  fiscal  year  be  the  same  as  it  is  for  the  present,  viz,  $000,000. 

CONCLUSION. 

In  concluding  my  last  annual  report,  after  expressing  my  personal 
obligations  to  the  assistant  superintendents  and  railway  postal  clerks 
for  the  intelligence,  zeal,  fidelity,  and  energy  with  which  they  had  dis- 
chai'ged  the  difficult,  responsible,  and  often  dangerous  duties  intrusted 


REPORT  OP  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL.         907 

to  their  care,  I  ventured  the  stateineut  that  uo  civil  service  in  the  world 
could  show  their  superiors.  Even  having  in  mind  the  improvement  in 
the  cfliciency  of  the  service  durin;?  the  pa.st  year,  I  can  say  no  more  than 
Avhat  I  then  said.  Their  .services  deserve  to  Ite  rccojrnized  in  .sonit^ 
thint;-  better  than  mere  words.  The  act  <»f  Conyrcs.s  reor^ranizin^  the 
service  was  but  the  tirst  step  in  this  direction,  it  renjains  for  Con- 
gress to  enact  that  their  tenure  of  office  .sliall  be  made  i»ernianenr  (lur- 
ing good  behavior,  and  that  deductions  of  pay  for  absences  without 
leave,  &c.,  orfor  minor  violations  of  the  regulations,  shall  not  be  turned 
into  the  Treasury  as  now,  but  shall  be  used  to  provide  for  the  uecessi- 
ties  of  tho.se  disabled  in  the  service,  and  for  the  famihes  of  those  killed 
in  the  lino  of  duty. 

Whatever  objections  may  with  i)ropriet3'  be  urged  against  such  leg- 
islation in  regard  to  persons  holding  otln-r  <'ivil  oflices  uiuler  the  United 
States,  they  only  .servo  as  additional  arguments  in  favor  of  the.se  acts 
of  justice  to  po.stal  clerks.  AVJiile  other  civil  emjjloyes  receive  higher 
salaries  for  mere  clerical  Avork  requiring  n<»  special  preparatory  study, 
the  highest  pay  a  postal  clerk  is  allowed  by  law  is  $1,400  per  annum, 
and  this  can  only  be  obtained  after  years  of  study  and  manifestation  of 
clerical  and  executive  abilities,  such  as  in  other  branches  of  the  civil 
service  would  be  rewarded  by  a  far  higher  compensation,  to  say  noth- 
ing of  the  con.stant  danger  of  railroad  accidents  to  which  all  postal 
clerks  are  exjiosed.  It  must  not  be  forgotten,  that  but  for  tin-  fact  that 
during  the  i)ast  twenty-two  years  the  tenureof  ollice  of  all  ])ostal  clerks 
has  been,  by  the  general  practice  <if  the  «iepartment,  permam'iit  during 
good  behavior,  the  service  never  cimhl  have  aittaiued  its  jtreseut  state  of 
efficiency.  !So  long,  however,  as  this  general  practice  remains  unsanc- 
tioned by  positive  law  com])elIing  it,  therci  is  still  sullicient  uncertainty 
about  the  tenure  of  officte  to  interfere  with  that  entire  and  i)erfect  con- 
lldence  that  merit  and  efficiency  are  certain  of  reward,  if  not  by  imme- 
diate ])romotion,  at  least  by  retention  in  the  service,  which  isnecessarj' 
to  inspire  men  to  devote  themselves  enthusiastically  to  the  work  in 
which  they  are  engaged.  Were  the  tenure  of  office  ab.solutely  .se<'ure, 
young  men  entering  the  service  would  devote  them.selves  t(»  it  as  a  life 
profession,  having  before  their  eyes  the  hope  of  eventually  rising  to  the 
position  of  superintendent;  just  as  the  present  superintendents  liave 
risen  step  by  step  from  the  lowest  grade  in  the  service. 

That  there  is  a  si)ecial  reason  why  the  railway  jjostal  service  should 
be  juotected  by  the  legislation  herein  recommended  has  be«'n  it'cog- 
ognized  for  many  years  by  the  jiraclice  of  the  department,  but  thc're 
never  was  a  tinu'  before  wln'u  the  ])uhlic  interests  woidd  so  gi-eatly 
suffer  by  the  inauguration  of  a  jxdicy  which  should  lead  th«'  railway  postal 
clerks  to  believer  that  in  jyiy  instaiu;e,  or  under  any  circumstances,  a 
good  recoi'd  for  the  faithfid  and  efficient  discharge  of  their  dutii'S  woidd 
not  be  sullicient  to  secrure  their  retention  in  ollice  during  continued  goo«l 
behavior;  because  never  before  has  tlie  railway  jtostal  servii-e  been  con- 
«Iuct<Ml  by  men  who  have  ma<le  it  the  sole  business  of  their  lives  for 
nearly  tw<'nty  years  to  add  t<»  its  efficienc^y,  and  who  have  learned  to 
meet  the  wai.ts  of  the  i^eople  in  i>ostal  facilities  as  fast  as  such  wants 
arise;  and  never  befon'  have  the  postal  clerks  been  traint'd  by  .so  nniny 
years  of  exi)erience  and  study  lo  secure  the  greatest  possil»le  certainty, 
celerity,  and  security  in  ffuwarding  to  its  destiuatiun  every  letter  and 
other  article  of  mail  nmtter  intrusted  to  their  care. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  sir,  verv  respectfully,  your  obedient  .'tervant, 
W.  li.  TUOMPSON,  (j'oural  SupnintemlcHt. 

Hon.  R.  A.  Elmeu, 

Second  Assistant  rostmasterOcncra!. 


908 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING    THE 


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REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL.         909 

Comparative  statement  of  the  railway  mail  ncrrice,  IStJO  to  1882. 


*  Including  oU-nmboat  service,  no  iM>pnr*tc  irport. 

tServic«  8u«i>on<liMl  in  Southi-m  Statts. 

Jlndudinjj  Tuiiil  nioRH«>nt:.ri«-r\-l(i'.  ,         .,  ,  .    ,,  i    /  .,         i      t  ^i 

II  This  colnniii  i«  takiii  fivin  PooiV*  Maunal.  and  !••  mndo  up  to  llir  mil  of  tlir  ral^ndnr  yf*r  Th« 
other  columns  ripvcsciit  th«>  l«tnt<^  of  ihi>  hi-fi- i>.-  nt  tlj.-  <  li«.>  ■'!  o«rh  tl-  n|  ymv. 

The  lORt  of  snrvico  iiiitl  nf  ciiiplov ca  of  tho  railw^i  mall  ouivico  i»  Ukui  Ihun  Uie  npvtXM  01  (heSro 
end  Assistaut  l'ustniiistciUom.'ii»l. 


910  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


Statement  of  casiialties  in  the  railway  mail  service  during  the  fiscal  year 

ended  June  30, 1882. 

July  1,  1881. — The  freight  train  and  construction  train  collided  this 
morning  at  8.20  near  Corinth,  Miss.,  wrecking  the  mail  car.  The  mail 
was  transferred  to  a  baggage  car  and  distributed  along  the  line  as  far 
as  practicable,  as  most  of  it  was  made  up.  The  mails  were  delayed  but 
none  lost,  and  no  one  was  injured. 

July  1,  1881. — Train  collided  with  a  freight  train  at  Templeton,  Ind., 
smashing  the  postal  car.  The  mail  was  transferred  to  a  baggage  car 
and  taken  to  Chicago.  No  local  work  could  be  done  north  of  Temple- 
ton,  and  all  the  connections  were  missed. 

July  1,  1881. — At  3.48  this  afternoon  a  postal  clerk  on  the  fast  train 
from  Saint  Lonis  to  Indianapolis  on  the  Vandalia  Railroad,  threw  a 
leather  pouch  from  the  mail  car  at  ^armony,  Ind.,  in  such  a  manner 
that  the  pouch  was  drawn  under  the  train  and  badly  mutilated.  The 
mail  in  the  pouch  was  cut  up  and  most  of  it  destroyed.  There  were  no 
registered  packages  in  the  pouch. 

July  13,  1881. — Train  leaving  Nashville,  Tenn.,  at  8.40  a.  m.  for 
Evansville,  Ind.,  was  wrecked  and  the  mail  car  overturned.  Nobody 
was  hurt  and  nothing  lost  and  the  mail  transferred  in  good  order. 

July  13, 1881. — A  fire,  originating  it  is  supposed  from  cinders  from 
the  engine,  broke  out  in  the  Decatur  and  Montgomery  E.  P.  O.  this  day, 
badly  burning  registered  pouches  Nos.  3023  and  2886  and  four  canvas 
sacks  of  mail.  The  contents  of  all  the  pouches  were  saved,  though  the 
mail  was  more  or  less  damaged. 

July  22,  1881. — The  steamer  Marlin  Speed  sank  this  morning  65 
miles  above  Pine  Blujff  at  2  o'clock,  but  all  the  mail  was  saved. 

July  23, 1881. — The  steamer  Cornie  Brandon  sank  to-day  about  90 
miles  below  Shreveport,  La.  The  mail  was  somewhat  damaged  by  the 
mud  and  water,  but  was  saved  and  forwarded  to  destination. 

July  24,  1881.— Train  No.  2  left  Cheyenne  for  Denver  to-  day  6  hours 
late,  and  when  about  3  miles  south  of  Berthoud,  Colo.,  while  running 
over  a  culvert,  which  was  washed  out  by  the  heavy  rains,  broke  through 
demolishing  the  engine,  tender,  and  mail  car.  The  engineer  was  killed 
outright  and  the  foreman  of  the  car  was  badly  wounded.  J.  D.  La 
Course,  the  route  agent  on  the  mail  car,  was  cut  about  the  face  and 
otherwise  bruised,  but  succeeded  in  saving  all  the  registered  matter 
and  most  of  the  other  mail,  the  rest  being  totally  destroyed  and  carried 
off  by  the  water. 

July  31,  1881. — The  United  States  mail  packet  Osceola  Belle  was 
totally  destroyed  by  lire  between  6  and  7  o'clock  in  the  evening.  The 
personal  effects  of  the  mail  messenger,  together  with  some  of  the  govern- 
ment property  were  burned,  but  the  mail  was  saved. 

August  4,  1881. — About  1  mile  north  of  Plaquemine  the  engiue  of 
train  JNo.  3  left  the  track  and  ran  into  the  ditch,  badly  damaging  the 
postal  car.  All  of  the  mail  was  saved  and  was  forwarded  to  destina- 
tion after  some  detention. 

August  6,  1881. — Train  wrecked  6  miles  east  of  Kokomo,  Ind.  En- 
gine smashed  and  mail  car  thrown  on  its  side.  Mail  all  safe  but  delayed 
13  hoars. 

August  6,  1881. — Steamer  Plow  Boy  was  sunk  in  the  Arkansas  Eiver 
this  morning,  about  25  miles  above  Pine  Bluff'.  The  mail  was  saved 
and  delivered  by  stage  mail. 


REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL.         911 

August  8,  1881. — Mail  stoanior  Laura  Lee  went  afjroiiiul  tliis  morn- 
ing. The  mail  was  saved,  but  (klaye<l  1*4 hours,  when  it  was  transferred 
to  agent  on  the  Fanchon  on  its  north  run. 

A^qimt  17, 1881. — A  freight  train  ran  into  the  mail  car  at  Kmporia 
Junction,  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  and  Santa  F<j  Kailroad,  knocking  the 
mail  car  on  its  side.  Tlio  letter  mail  and  part  of  the  paper  mail  were 
damaged  by  the  water  from  the  buckets  and  cooler,  and  oil  from  three 
lamps  that  were  broken.  All  of  the  mail  was  gathered  and  turned 
over  to  the  jmstmaster  at  Parsons,  Kans. 

Auffusf  21, 1881. — Train  was  ditched  at  Converse,  Mo.  Jvoute  Agent 
J.  N.  Thomas,  in  charge  of  the  mail  car,  was  considerably  bruised,  but 
not  enough  to  disable  liim  from  duty.  The  mail  wiis  saved  and  i)roperly 
forwarded. 

tieptemher  5,  1891. — Train  No.  ni,  west  bound,  was  wrecked  near 
Shenandoah,  Iowa,  the  mail  car  and  two  })assenger  cars  falling  down 
an  embankment  10  feet  high.  The  route  agent,  Jacob  lleiman,  was 
slightly  bruised.  A  small  quantity  of  mail  was  so  batUy  danujgcd  that 
it  could  not  be  forwarded.     The  rest  was  saved  and  cared  for. 

Scptemher  13,  1881. — While  the  Washington  and  Kir-hmond  railway 
post-olhce  car  was  standing  in  the  depot  at  Washington,  1>.  C,  it  was 
run  into  by  the  shifting  engine,  throwing  two  sections  of  the  letter  caaes 
into  the  middle  of  the  tloor,  breaking  three  lamps  and  soaking  several 
hundred  letters  with  oil.  The  letters  were  forwarded  to  their  destina- 
tion. 

September  24, 1881. — Tornado  caught  us  at  West  Quincy^  blowing  the 
doors  open  and  the  ventilator  from  olV  the  top  of  the  car,  wetting  all 
of  the  letters.    Water  stood  G  inches  high  on  the  tloor  of  the  car. 

September  20,  1881. — By  a  collision  between  trains  Nos.  40  and  47, 
Richmond,  Va.,  and  Wilmington,  N.  C,  railway  post  ()nice,  at  Chester, 
Va.,  W.  S.  Hawkins,  who  was  on  duty  on  No.  40,  and  (I.  P.  liourk,  on 
No.  47,  were  severely  injured.  N.  H.  Jones,  of  the  same  line,  is  now 
unable  to  perform  duty  on  account  of  injuries  re<'eived  a  few  days 
ago.  The  mail  was  secured  and  transferred  to  another  car  witiiout  its 
having  sustained  any  damage. 

September  2!>,  1881. — The  mail  train  on  the  Fort  Dodge  and  Des 
Moines  lino  encountered  a  very  severe  wind-storm  near  liipley,  Iowa, 
and  the  entire  train  was  blown  olf  the  track  and  overtunie<l.  Route 
Agent  Luther  L.  Cassidy  received  a  severe  cut  on  one  wrist  an<l  was 
very  much  shook  uj). 

October  1,  1881. — Pouch  was  thrown  under  train  at  Mount  Vernon, 
Iowa,  cutting  it  uj)  and  badly  damaging  the  paper  mail.  The  letter 
mail  was  not  injured.  Pouch  and  contiMits  were  recovenvl  by  tlie  i>Of»t- 
master. 

October  3,  1881.— Postal  car  Montgomery,  M.  W.  King  in  rliarge, 
was  comi)letcly  wrecked  south  of  Hay  Minctte,  Ala.  Mr.  King  wjis 
badly  bruised  an<l  internally  injured.  A  i)art  of  the  mail  was  <lamaged 
by  the  oil  from  broken  lamps  and  by  tlirt  and  watrr.  Most  of  it  was 
recovered  and  forwarded. 

October  27,  lssi._The  steanjer  Jennie  Ciilchrist  was  sunk  in  the 
]\Iississi[>pi  Ifivi'r  at  the  railroad  bridge  bet\v(M>n  Itock  Island,  111.  and 
Davenport,  Iowa,  and  two  poiidirs  containing  two  rcgistcrc«l  pa«'kages 
were  lost. 

October  21,  1881. — Within  2  miles  of  Augusta,  (la.,  tlic  ciiLriuc  of  (he 
train  ran  over  a  cow,  throwing  it  under  the  mail  car  causing  n  com 
plete  smash-up.     The  tlooring  of  the  nniil  c^r  uns;  .  ipMi-.l  m.  runin-'  tin. 


912  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

wheels  through.  The  mail  was  transferred  to  another  car  without  de- 
lay and  forwarded. 

November  7,  1881. — An  aecident  occurred  to  the  train  of  the  Gaylord 
and  Bay  City  agent,  hound  south,  by  which  the  rnail  car  was  badly 
damaged  and  the  passenger  coaches  partially  destroyed.  The  agent 
was  not  seriously  injured,  and  none  of  the  mail  was  lost.  He  has  not 
been  able  to  find  his  postmarking  stamp  since  the  accident. 

November  13,  1881. — Mail  •  car  out  of  Cleveland,  Tenn.,  ran  ofif  the 
track.    No  one  injured,  and  no  mail  lost.     Mail  was  delayed  3  hours. 

November  17,  1881. — Train  No.  15,  Lehigh  Valley  Eailroad,  was 
wrecked  at  Wyalusing,  and  the  mail  badly  scorched.  With  the  excep- 
iton  of  one  pouch,  tliat  was  burned,  the  mail  was  forwarded. 

November  19,  1881. — The  Havana  and  Springfield  train  bound  south 
fell  through  a  bridge  5  miles  north  of  Springfield.  Eoute  Agent  W. 
S.  Allen  was  considerably  hurt.    The  mail  was  all  saved. 

November  28,  1881. — Pouch  and  sack  thrown  oft"  at  Broken  Straw, 
N.  Y.,  struck  edge  of  platform  and  bounded  back  against  the  car,  badly 
damaging  the  canvas  sack  containing  the  paper  mail,  which  was  partially 
destroyed.    The  pouch  was  uninjured. 

December  4,  1881. — Passenger  train  on  the  Western  North  Carolina 
Eaili'oad  ran  oft'  the  track,  and  was  precipitated  down  an  embankment. 
There  was  a  mail  car  attached  to  the  train,  which  was  completely 
wrecked. 

December  5,  1881. — An  accident  occurred  to  the  Louisville  and  Nash- 
ville railway  iwst-oflBce,  bound  north,  train  No.  4,  day  line,  at  Madison, 
Tenn.,  caused  by  the  locomotive  breaking  loose  from  the  train.  The 
automatic  brake  on  the  ren)aiuder  of  the  train  failed  to  act,  letting  the 
cars  overtake  the  engine,  which  was  standing  still.  Tlie  shock  was  so 
great  as  to  break  in  the  front  end  of  the  postal  car,  knocking  down 
the  letter  case  and  breaking  the  pouch  rack.  J.  M.  Bailhache,  head 
clerk,  and  J.  B.  Brawner,  assistant  clerk,  were  on  duty,  and  were  both 
thrown  down  and  somewhat  injured.  Mr.  Bailhache  was  unable  to  per- 
form duty  for  one  week,  and  Mr.  Brawner  has  not  been  on  duty  since 
the  accident  (December  19).  A  portion  of  the  letter  mail  was  damaged 
by  water,  but  all  was  recovered  from  the  wreck,  and  forwarded  to 
destination. 

December  20,  1881. — Mail  steamer  J.  S.  Hopkins,  running  between 
Evansville,  Ind.,  and  Cairo,  III.,  was  totally  burned.  The  government 
l)roperty  on  the  boat  was  destroyed,  but  the  mail  was  saved. 

December  23,  1881. — Mail  train  between  Peoria,  111.,  and  Evansville, 
Ind.,  was  ditched  and  wrecked  near  Lincoln,  111.  No  mail  lost.  Eoute 
Agent  O.  F.  Ashmore  was  badly  bruised. 

December-  23,  1881. — A  fire  broke  out  in  the  Boston  and  Troy  railway 
post-office,  destroying  some  sacks  of  paper  mail.  It  was  extinguished 
before  any  material  damage  was  done. 

December  24,  1881. — ]\[ail  sack  was  thrown  against  the  station-house 
at  Pataskala,  Ohio,  rebounding  and  falling  under  the  cars.  The  saek 
was  badly  damaged,  but  the  contents  were  saved. 

December  27,  1S81. — Mail  car  No.  1  on  the  Texas  and  Saint  Louis 
Eailroad  was  burned  near  Wheatville,  Tex.  All  the  mail,  with  the 
exception  of  one  registered  package,  was  saved  and  delivered. 

December  28,  1881. — Train  No.  2,  with  postal  car,  collided  with  helper 
engine.  No  damage  was  done  to  the  mail,  but  Eoute  Agent  S.  N.  Jack- 
son was  severely  bruised  in  jumping  from  the  car. 

Jannary  1, 1882. — The  baggage  car  on  train  No.  5,  Canada  Southern 
Eailroad,  was  totally  destroyed  by  fire  this  morning.    It  contained  all 


REPORT    OF    THE    POSTMASTER-GENERAL.  913 

the  letter  aud  paper  mail  for  Micliij;an.  The  letter  mail  was  very  badly 
damaged  bj'  the  water,  while  the  i)aper  mail  was  almost  totally  mined. 
What  was  saved  was  sent  to  the  Detroit  post-office  and  then?  delivered. 

January  1, 1882. — Ba<;g:a2,e  ear  on  train  No.  5,  raeifu;  Express,  eanjrht 
on  Are  betweeu  Highgato  and  lUdgetown,  and  a  number  of  bags  (Mm- 
taining  mail  matter  were  <lestroyed. 

January  2,  1882. — The  train  of  the  Boston  and  Albany  railway  jiORt- 
office,  while  j>assing  a  i)oint  H  mrles  east  of  Wells,  Me.,  broke  through 
an  iron  bridge,  causing  the  nsir  passenger  ears  to  crush  in  the  end  of 
the  postal  car,  which  almost  immediately  took  fire.  The  jtostal  car  and 
mail,  with  exception  of  one  pouch,  four  registered  ])ackag<'s,  and  b(»oks 
for  record  of  registered  mail,  and  a  lew  letters  picked  up  from  the  \V\o\\ 
wer<i  1)urned  to  ashes.  X.  Vr.  (liddings,  head  cl«'rk  iii  cliaige  of  the 
postal,  was  bruised  about  tlu'  fac<',  and,  in  endeavoring  to  save  the  mail, 
liad  his  hair  and  whiskers  singed  by  the  fire. 

January  5,  1882. — Mail  bag  was  tlirown  from  train  at  Cartorsburgh, 
Tnd.,  in  such  a  manner  that  it  was  drawn  under  the  cars  an<l  cut  to 
pieces.     Most  of  the  mail  was  ruined. 

January  G,  1882. — ]\Iail  car  on  (^)uincy  and  Trenton  route  was  ditched 
near  Milan,  liouto  Agent  John  \V.  I'otter  was  .slightly  injured.  All 
the  mail  was  saved  and  forwarded. 

January  (J,  1882. — Pouch  thrown  off  at  Stockwell,  lud.,  was  drawn 
under  the  train  and  cut  to  pieces,  badly  danuiging  the  contents. 

January  15,  1882. — An  accident  occurred  to  ^rain  No.  .")(),  Virginia 
Midland  liailroad,  near  llockfish,  Va.,  in  which  the  engiiu'cr  was  killed 
outright  and  the  fireman  very  severely  injured,  lioute  Agent  .lanu-s 
W.  Gleeson  was  thrown  on  his  face,  sustaining  i)ainful  brui.ses.  The 
mail  was  all  saved  and  transferred  to  another  train. 

January  17,  1882. — Mail  car  of  West  Lebanon,  Ind.,  and  Le  K'oy,  111., 
lino  was  thrown  otV  the  track  at  ]Ie<lrick,  lud.,  and  overturned.  The 
letter  mail  was  soaked Mitli  oil  from  an  overturned  can,  but  was  all  col- 
lected and  forwarded  to  destination. 

January  20,  1882. — Mail  (;ar  of  route  from  Fargo  to  Uisnuin-k  was 
thrown  from  the  track  near  Spirit  wood,  Dak.,  and  i)artially  tlestroyetl 
by  lire.  About  half  a  dozen  letters  were  entirely  ionsumed  and  nine- 
teen so  l)adly  defaced  that  th<\v  were,  nnrea«lable.  The  balance  of  tho 
iimil  was  unharmed  and  ]»roperly  forwarded. 

January '2\,  1882. — The  railway  i>ost-oflice  trains  on  tho  Charlest<»n 
and  kSavaiinah  liailroad  c(»llided  near  Adams  Kun,  S.  C,  .some  27  niilos 
from  Charlest(m,  S.  C.  The  south-bound  jiostal  car,  Xo.  10,  was  in 
charge  of  Head  Clerk  IT.  A.  Fox,  Clerk  \).  H.  Craft,  and  Acting  Kouto 
Agent  (ieoi-ge  E.  Osborne.  The  northbound  iK»stal.  Xo.  I.'J,  was  in 
cluirge  of  Clerk  W.  II.  Uurbridge.  accompanied  by  Chief  Ilea*!  Clerk 
^Mansfield.  The  two  postal  cars  were  comi)letely  demolisho<l.  Head 
Clerk  Fox  was  instantly  killed.  Clerk  W.  11.  llurbridge  fatally  wounde<l 
(since  die<l),  Acting  Koute  Ai,'cut  Cecugi^  A.  Osborne  fatally  wounded 
(since  died),  Chief  Head  Clerk  K.  10.  Manstii-ld  seriously  injured  in  tin- 
back  and  scalded,  ami  Clerk  li.  H.  Craft  (colored)  .seriously  wounded. 
His  left  arm  was  broken,  left  knee-cap  <lislocated,  both  feet  crushed,  left 
leg  broken,  contusion  of  right  side.  This  man  has  re<-overed  and  is  now 
oif  duty,  October  10,  1882.  The  colore<l  fireman,  Bradley  S<'ott,  wa« 
killed.  '  It  is  believed  that  all  tin*  mail  was  buvwI  and  proi>crIy  for- 
Avarded.  . 

January  20,  1SS2.— Sack  of  paper  mail  was  thrown  from  tram  X«».  1. 
Pittsburgh.  Cincinnati  and  Saint  Louis  Kailroad,  at  Presden.  Ohio,  and 
.-)8  Ab 


914  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

drawn  under  the  cars  and  badly  damaged.  About  thirty  papers  were 
destroyed. 

January  28, 1882. — Tlio  catcher  pouch  was  thrown  from  the  Saint  Al- 
bans and  Boston  railway  post-office  at  Danbury,  N.  H.,  bounding,'  bact 
under  the  train.  The  pouch  was  completely  destroyed,  together  with 
its  contents.  Besides  the  ordinary  mail,  it  contained  a  registered  pack- 
age from  Chicago,  111.,  said  to  contain  $24. 

January  31, 1882. — Tie-sack  containing  paper  mail  for  Marseilles,  Ind., 
was  thrown  from  the  Chicago  and  Iowa  City  railway  post-office  at  the 
depot  at  that  place,  bounding  back  and  falling  under  the  cars,  where  it 
was  badly  cut.    The  contents  were  i)artially  destroyed. 

February  1, 1882. — The  catcher  i)ouch  for  Grafton,  Mass.,  thrown  from 
the  Boston  and  Albany  railway  post-office,  was  carried  on  to  Westbor- 
ough,  having  fallen  under  the  train  at  Grafton.  The  pouch  and  contents 
were  very  badly  damaged. 

February  2, 1882. — Pouch  thrown  from  Boston  and  Troy  railway  post- 
office  atNorth  Leominster,  Mass.,  bounded  under  the  train  and  was  carried 
to  Fitchburgh,  Mass.  The  paper  mail  was  destroyed,  but  the  letter  mail 
was  saved. 

February  3,  1882. — Postal  car  No.  75,  Chicago  and  Cincinnati  railway 
post-office,  was  badly  wrecked  at  Montmorency,  Ind.,  on  account  of  en- 
gine going  off  the  track.  Mail  was  all  saved,  l3ut  in  a  very  demoralized 
condition,  a  large  number  of  letters  being  saturated  with  oil  from  broken 
lamps.  The  mail  was  gathered  up  and  turned  into  the  Chicago  post- 
office. 

February  5, 1882. — The  night  express  on  the  Chicago  and  Iowa  City 
route  ran  over  a  tie-sack  at  the  depot  at  Marseilles,  Ind.,  ruining  the 
sack  and  its  contents. 

February!^  1882. — The  mail  train  upon  the  Tesarkana,  Ark.,  and 
Whitesborough,Tex.,  route  (Transcontinental  Division  Texas  and  Pacific 
Eailway),  was  wrecked  near  Honey  Grove,  Tex.  The  locomotive  and 
mail  car  went  through  a  bridge  falling  some  thirty  feet,  killing  the  engi- 
neer and  fireman.  Substitute  Route  Agent  J.  H.  Smith  was  buried  in  the 
wreck  and  had  to  be  cut  out  to  be  released.  His  injuries  were  not  serious. 
The  mails  were  saved  without  material  damage. 

February  7, 1882. — Mail  sack  thrown  from  train  liTo.  1,  Albany  and  New 
York  railway  post-office,  at  Yonkers,  struck  a  snow-bank  and  bounded 
back  under  the  train.    The  sack  and  its  contents  were  entirely  destroyed. 

February  7, 1882. — The  catcher  pouch  was  knocked  from  the  crane  at 
East  Orange,  N.  J.,  and  was  run  over  by  the  cars,  partially  destroying 
the  pouch  and  its  contents. 

February  10, 1882. — Pouch  for  Thompsonville,  Conn.,  thrown  from  the 
Boston  and  New  York  railway  post-office,  struck  the  gate  at  the  street- 
crossing  at  Thompsonville,  rebounding  under  the  cars.  The  pouch  was 
very  badly  damaged  and  a  number  of  papers  destroyed.  The  letter  mail 
was  uninjured. 

February  15, 1882. — "Washington  and  Charlotte  railway  post-office  ran 
into  a  land  slide-near  Orlando,  Va.,  on  the  Virginia  Midland  Eailroad, 
resulting  in  the  death  of  the  engineer  and  injuring  the  fireman  and  head 
clerk,  James  M.  T.  Gleeson.  No  mails  were  lost  or  damaged.  Mr.  Glee- 
son  was  incapacitated  from  duty  for  29  days. 

February  16,  1882. — Mail  thrown  from  train  No.  I,  Albany  and  New 
York  railway  post-office,  at  Rhinecliff,  N.  Y.,  was  run  over  by  the  cars 
and  badly  damaged. 

February  19, 1882. — Mail  train  leaving  Charlotte  for  Wilmington,  N. 
C,  was  thrown  from  the  track  by  a  broken  rail.     The  mail  car  was 


REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL.         915 

overturned  aiul  considerably  broken  up.  The  mail  was  slightly  dam- 
aged and  Eoute  Agent  U.  T.  liollins  sonjewhat  injured. 

Febn(ary22,  1882. — l*(/uch  from  Chicago  and  Burlington  railway  i»ost- 
office  thrown  oil"  at  Burlington,  Iowa,  was  run  over  by  switch-engine  at 
that  point  and  a  small  ])ortion  of  tho  contents  damaged. 

Februarij  27,  1882. — The  Ciiicago  and  Cincinnati  railway  post-oflico 
le;iving  Chicago  at  8  p.  ni.  collided  with  a  freight  train  at  Ilomewood, 
111.,  the  postal  car  being  badly  wrecked.     Xo  nmil  was  lost  or  damaged. 

March  1,  1882. — Train  Xo.  110  wa.s  wrecked  near  Toll  Gate,  Va.,  and 
the  baggage  car  iu  which  there  were  some  sacks  of  paper  mail  was 
burned,  together  with  the  mail  it  contained. 

March  4,  1882. — Pouch  thrown  from  tho  Chicago  and  Saint  Louis  rail- 
way postofiico,  night  line,  for  the  <lay  line  at  Chicago,  111.,  was  caught 
by  the  engine  of  an  incoming  train  and  cut,  and  a  portion  of  the  con- 
tents totally  destroyed. 

March  G,  1882. — Tlio  Chicago  and  Cedar  llapids  railwaj-  post  oflice, 
night  line,  leaving  Chicago  at  9.30  p.  m.,  when  neai*  the  limits  of  the  city, 
collided  with  a  freight  train.  The  engine  of  the  latter  had  become  un- 
manageable and  was  coming  down  the  track  at  a  rapid  rate,  the  engi- 
neer and  liremau  having  jumped  off  to  save  their  lives.  As  a  result  of 
the  collision  the  engine  was  driven  some  G  feet  into  i)ostal  car  No.  13. 
Head  clerks,  S.  O.  Prickett,  night  line,  and  Frank  Sutton,  day  line, 
were  at  work  at  the  letter  case  iu  this  end  of  the  car.  They  were  driveu 
back  under  a  section  of  the  paper  rack.  Sutton  had  both  thighs  some- 
what sprained,  right  foot  bruised,  back  of  head  cut,  and  was  generally 
bruised.  Prickett  was  injured  veiy  slightly.  Clerk  C.  L.  Shaffer  and 
Assistant  Clerk  L.  S.  Manville  were  not  injured  in  any  way.  The  car  at 
once  took  liro  and  its  interior  Mas  pretty  effectually  destroyed.  Tho 
registered  matter  was  saved,  together  with  twenty  packages  of  letters. 
The  balance  of  the  mail  was  destroyed,  as  was  also  the  personal  property 
the  clerks. 

March  7,  1882. — The  Kuoxvillc  and  Caryvillo  agent  ran  oft'  the  track 
and  fell  through  a  trestle,  wrecking  the  train.  All  the.  mail  was  saved, 
Boute  Agent  J.  W.  Ault  was  considerably  bruised. 

March  17, 1882. — Pouch  thrown  from  the  Chicago  and  Cincinnati  rail- 
way post-office  at  Weisburgh,  Ind.,  was  drawn  under  tho  train  and  drag- 
ged 4  miles.    The  pouch  and  contents  were  entirely  destroyed. 

March  20,  1882. — A  liro  was  discovered  in  the  postal  car  at  Keokuk, 
Iowa  (Keokuk  and  Saint  Louis  line),  and  before  it  was  extinguished 
one  sack  of  paper  mail  was  entirely  burned  and  two  others  somewhat 
injured.    The  rest  of  the  mail  was  saved. 

Ai)ril  17,  1882. — Tho  mail  car  on  the  route  between  I.eavenworth 
and  Clay  Centre,  Kans.,  was  ditched  5  miles  west  of  Garrison.  Boulo 
Agent  T.  L.  Johnson  was  slightly  bruised.     Xo  mail  was  damaged. 

jipril  18,  1882. — As  tho  east-bound  train  on  tho  Intlianainilis  and 
Peoria  route  was  pulling  into  Ogch'U,  III.,  t!ie  brakes  wt)uld  not  work, 
and  the  train  ran  by  the  station  into  a  freight  train  that  was  standing 
l)artly  on  the  main  track.  J.  Baker  and  L.  (Ireen,  clerks  on  tho  mail 
car,  were  severely  cut  and  bruised.     The  mail  was  saved. 

May  4, 1882. — The  Jacksonvilh^  and  Chattahoochee  railway  jiost  offico 
collided  with  a  log  train  near  White  House,  Fla.  The  engineer  and 
fireman  were  instantly  killed,  and  Bouto  Agent  A.  C.  Light  bourne  waa 
bruised  about  tho  body.  Tho  mail  was  saved  and  taken  back  to  Jack- 
sonville. ,.       , 

May  5,  1882. — •MaU  car  on  tho  Logansport  and  Warsaw  line,  boand 
west,  went  through  a  bridge  near  Buruside,  111.     Kouto  Agent  E.  V. 


016  PAPERS   ACCOMPANVJN(r   TIIK 

Cox,  "wlio  was  on  duty  at  the  time,  went  down  witli  the  car,  which 
luiidod  in  about  JO  Icct  of  water,  and  was  carried  tlirough  one  of  the 
windows  i>y  liu^  I'orce  of  the  current.  He  returned  as  soon  as  possible, 
and  saved  all  of  tlie  mail  that  could  be  recovered.  About  one-fourth 
of  the  mail  was  swept  away,  and  the  paper  mail  Avas  so  thoroughly 
soaked  that  it  was  of  no  account  whatever. 

May  11,  1S82. — ]Mail  train,  south  bound,  on  the  Kansas  and  Texas 
Division  of  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railway,  was  wrecked  in  a  collision 
near  Oswego,  Kaus.,  by  a  runaway  engine.  The  tender  to  engine  of 
mail  train  was  ]>artially  telescoped  into  the  postal  car,  entirely  demolish- 
ing the  letter  cases  and  damaging  a  portion  of  the  mail.  Head  Clerk 
J.  S.  Weaver,  IlaTinibal  and  Denison  railway  post-office,  was  bruised 
considerably.  Assistant  Eailway  Postal  Clerk  H.  Kendall  escaped 
without  injury. 

31ajj  11,  1882. — i\Iail  train  on  the  jMeniphis  an<l  Little  Pock  Pailway 
was  wreciced  near  Carlisle,  Ark.,  the  mail  cflr  being  ditched  and  turned 
completely  over.  Some  empty  canvas  sacks  caught  fije  and  were  con- 
sumed, and  a  small  quantity  of  letter  and  paper  mail  was  damaged  by 
the  oil  from  broken  lamps.  The  engineer,  fireman,  and  two  express 
mcsseujTers  connected  with  the  train  were  more  or  less  injured,  but 
Koute  Agent  H.  C.  Chase  escaped  with  very  little  injury. 

jllay  19,  ]882. — Tlie  Charleston  and  Jacksonville  railway  post-office, 
when  near  Jacksonborough,  S.  C,  struck  a  cow  and  was  badly  wrecked. 
The  engineei',  conductor,  and  lireman  were  injured,  but  the  clerk  in 
charge  of  the  i)Ostal  car  escajied  uninjured.  The  mail  was  saved,  and 
transferred  to  another  car  and  forwarded  to  destination. 

May  19, 1882. — The  mail  train  on  the  Gunnison  Division  of  the  Denver 
and  Rio  Grande  Railway  was  wrecked  by  being  derailed,  the  engine, 
mail  and  baggage  car,  and  all  the  i)assenger  coaches  being  overturned. 
The  letter  mail  was  considerably  soiled,  but  not  so  badly  as  to  render; 
it  unreadable.     All  the  mail  was  forwarded  to  destination. 

3Iay  20,  1882. — Train  Xo.  42,  Richmond,  Fredericksburgh,  and  Poto- 
mac Railroad,  when  near  Richmond,  Va.,  collided  with  a  freight  train 
on  side  track,  damaging  the  postal  car,  and  crippling  Clerk  B.  M.  Laws, 
and  slightly  injuring  Head  Clerk  J.  Q.  West,  and  E.  Thompson,  a  clerk 
in  Superintendent  Yickery's  office.     The  mail  .sustained  no  damage. 

May  31, 1882. — West-bound  train  on  Texas  and  Pacific  Railway  (Tex- 
arkaua,  Ark.,  and  El  Paso,  Tex.,  route)  was  wrecked  near  Colorado, 
Tex.,  by  the  breaking  of  wheel  of  forward  truck  of  locomotive  when  ap- 
proaching a  bridge,  and  the  engine,  mail  and  express  cars  were  thrown 
Irom  the  track,  breaking  through  the  liridge.  falling  some  25  feet.: 
Route  Agent  S.  A.  Stuart,  who  was  on  duty  at  the  time,  was  very  se-'" 
riously  bruised  and  scalded.  The  mail  was  saved  and  forwarded,  though 
a  part  of  it  was  in  bad  condition. 

June  9, 1882. — JMail  car  Xo.  51,  Calmar  and  Mitchell  railway  post-oirice, 
bound  west,  was  Avrecked  at  Canton,  Dak.  The  route  agent,  Butler; 
Lowny,  was  obliged  to  cut  himself  out  of  the  car.  The  registered  mail 
was  all  saved,  together  with  most  of  the  ordinary  mail,  some  of  it  being 
damaged  by  oil  and  water.  i 

June  16,  1882. — The  Clarksburgh  and  Weston  railway  post-office  ran? 
otf  \hr  track  at  Ltneberry  Bend,  W.  Ya.,  about  2  miles  south  of  Clarks- 
burgh, aivd  fell  over  a  trestle,  taking  Avith  it  the  mail  car  and  the  entire 
train.  Route  A.cent  Bevijamin  W.  Jackson  saved  himself  by  jumping 
from  tlic  car.  There  were  two  persons  killed  outright  in  the  accident 
and  sixteen  ])ersons  more  or  less  injured.  The  mails  were  saved  and 
properly  forwarded. 

li 


IJKPOKJ"    ni-    JHK    I'U.STMASTEK-GENEliAL. 


:H7 


<lnnc  U>,  LSSLf.— Traill  >i>.  .VJ,  k-aNiu--  \\a.>,!iiii;,'l<Mi,  J).  (.'.,  ycsirnla\, 
was  wrecked  at  7  oVloclc  ihi.s  luoruiii;,'^  at  Fall  Cierk,  Va.^  aUuiit  (Vv 
miles  iiurrh  of  J)an\ill(".  in  a  collision  v. ith  a  iVei-^lit  train.  The  unifl 
was  secured  and  forwarded  to  I>anville.  Mcs.srs.  (.'ook,  Larrabee,  aiitl 
Carr,  tin;  clerks  on  duly  in  the  iK)Stal  ear,  Avere  knocked  ahotii  ami  cut 
and  bruised,  but  not  seriously. 

June  I'O,  1S8L'.— The  Chicago,  Foreston  and  I)ubn«]uc  railway  post- 
oflice  was  wrecked  a  short  distance  east  of  Maryland,  111.,  the  track 
havin^^  been  \vashe»l  out  by  a  terrible  rainstorm  and  waterspout. 
Head  Clerk  Best  and  O.  31.  Wi!;'h  were  on  duty  ar  the  time.  Mr.  IJest 
was  thrown  out  of  the  car  into  "i  feet  of  water,  and  a  i»ackaj;e  of  letters 
which  he  had  in  his  hand  was  lost.  He  was  not  injured.  iu)r  was  Mr. 
Welch.  All  of  the  mail  was  l>a<lly  danui;;ed  by  the  water,  but  it  was 
secured  and  forwarded  to  the  (Jhicago  post^jflice. 

EECAPITULATION. 

Numbor  of  casualties 83 

Eiiiploy(?.s  killed ;{ 

Seriously  injured lU 

SliglUly  injured t)0 

Total  killed  and  wounded :VJ 

Taui.k  I'. — Ilccaintulation  of  caauallUs  in  the  railway  tnail  sniin-  from  1875  to  leSfii. 


Year  iikIihI  June  30. 


o 

i 

1 ; 

I' 

■j.i\r. 

■ 

1875 

1877 -'.'>«•' 

1878 1  •-■.COH 

]S79 •  ■-',  tWl) 

ISSO I  -'.Wr, 

1881 !  .'!.  177 

188-J a,r.7o 


Total I    UCfl 


X 

m   , 

« 

u 

'•2-^ 

II 

"5 

I-S1 

^-"7 

•sii 

o^ 

<^-fi 

t-3 

ui? 

b  >t 

J> 

J5s 

X  ^ 

= 

§? 

sS 

y, 

y<i 

y.  * 

27 

1 
1 

10 

4 

36 

2 

^^ 

8 

Sj 

\i 

u 

13 

•.•« 

It 

14 

15 

03 

7 

i& 

■»o 

Kl 

•i 

IG 

•JO 

IS 


84 


77 


Kvcuarkii. 


N'ot  itiportcd. 


SI 8  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


REPOKT  OF  THE  THIRD  ASSISTANT  POSTMASTER. 

GENERAL. 

Post-Office  Depaetment, 
Office  of  the  Third  Assistant  Postmaster-GenePvAl, 

Washington,  J).  C,  November  1,  1882. 

Sir  :  I  have  the  houor  to  submit  the  following  report  and  accompany- 
ing tables,  numbered  from  1  to  19,  inclusive,  pertaining  to  the  business 
of  this  office  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1882,  viz : 

No.  1.  Explanation  of  estimates  of  appropriations  for  the  office  of  the 
Third  Assistant  Postmaster-General  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 
1884. 

No.  2.  Statement  exhibiting  the  receipts  and  expenditures,  under  ap- 
propriate heads,  by  quarters,  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30, 1882, 
compared  with  the  fiscal  years  ended  June  30,  1881,  and  June  30,  1880. 

No.  3.  Statement  showing  itemized  appropriations  for  the  service  of 
the  Post-Office  Department  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1882,  and 
the  expenditures  made  out  of  the  same. 

No.  4.  Statement  showing  receipts  and  disbursements  at  Treasury  de- 
positories during  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30, 1882. 

No.  5.  Statement  showing  receipts  and  disbursements  at  depository 
post-offices  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1882. 

No.  G.  Statement  showing  the  issue  in  detail  of  all  of  the  several 
kinds  of  adhesive  postage-stamps,  stamped  envelojjes,  and  postal  cards 
for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30, 1882. 

No.  7.  Statement  showing  separately  the  issues  of  official  postage- 
stamps  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30, 1882. 

No.  8.  Statement  showing  the  issues  of  postage-stamps,  stamped 
envelopes,  newspaper  wrappers,  and  postal  cards  by  denominations  for 
the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1882. 

No.  9.  Statement  showing  the  increase  in  the  number  and  value  of 
postage-stamps,  stamped  envelopes,  and  postal  cards  issued  for  the 
year  ended  June  30, 1882,  over  those  of  the  preceding  year. 

No.  10.  Statement  showing  dead  mail  matter  treated  in  the  division 
of  dead  letters  during  the  year  ended  June  30, 1882. 

No.  11.  Statement  showing  the  disposition  of  mail  matter  opened  in 
the  division  of  dead  letters  during  the  year  ended  June  30,  1882. 

No.  12.  Statement  showing  number  of  pieces,  classification,  and  dis- 
position of  unmailable  matter  received  at  the  dead-letter  office  during 
the  year  ended  June  30, 1882. 

No.  13.  Statement  showing  the  number  of  foreign  dead  letters,  &c., 
received  and  disposed  of  during  the  year  ended  June  30,  1882. 

No.  14.  Statement  showing  the  number  of  pieces  of  dead  mail  matter 
returned  to  and  received  from  each  of  the  foreign  countries  during  the 
fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1882. 

No.  15.  Statement  showing  the  number,  classification,  and  disposition 
of  dead  registered  letters,  &c.,  during  the  year  ended  June  30,  1882. 

No.  16.  Statement  showing  the  number  of  registered  letters  and  i>ar- 
cels  from  each  State  and  Territory  iu  the  United  States  traiismitted 
through  the  mails  during  the  year  ended  June  30,  1882. 

No.  17.  Statement  showing  the  number  and  value  of  registered  letters 
and  packages  forwarded  for  the  Post-Office  Department  and  Treasury 
Department  during  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1SS2. 

No.  18.  Statement  showing  the  increase  of  registered  letters  and.parcels 


REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL.        919 

upou  which  fees  were  collected  at  twenty-fivo  of  tho  h':uliijg  cities  «lur 
ing'  the  lisfal  year  einlcd  June  .'{(),  188L*,  ovov  tlic  i»ivcc(lin;r  year. 

No.  19.  Statement  .showiiifj  the  operations  of  the  rc^^istry  system  at 
the  cities  of  New  York,  Phihidclphia,  <'hica;;(),  Saint  Louis,  and  Wash 
ingtou,  during  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1882. 

FINANCIAL  STATE:\rENT. 

The  receipts  and  expenditures  of  the  department  during  the  llscnl 
year  ended  June  30,  1882,  were  a.s  follows: 

Receipfs: 

Letter  postage,  paid  in  mouey 4i»7,  .Xi  '.V2 

Box  rents l.VM,  l:tt  Jil 

Fiues  and  pcualtie.s 'Jii,  4vK5  '.»'.• 

Sales  of  postagc-stampg,  stamped  envelopes,  ncwspajnr  wrapp<'r?»,  and 

postal  eardfl :H»,  70:i,  :c»7  0(» 

Dead  letters  for  which  no  claimants  could  be  found 7,  IVfi"  •»:'. 

Net  revenue  trom  niouey-onk-r  business .1«iii,  TOT  'X> 

Miseelhineoiis '. .!  1,4*^1  G.'> 

Total 41.»<70.410  I.'. 

The  expenditures  for  the  aervieo  of  the  year  wore 40,  U:tit,  (i:i4  ?.'• 

Excess  of  receipts l.SW,  TTri  4u 

In  addition  to.  the  expenditures  for  the  serrice  of  the  yenr,  the  «nni 
of  $442,380.48  was  paid  on  account  of  indcbtcilness  of  previous  yonrs, 
making  the  total  amount  expended  during  the  vear  >'4U,4Sl*.02I.23.  Of 
the  S442,3SG.4S  above,  $390,314.58  was  for  the  "service  of  the  fiscal  yeav 
ended  June  30,  1881,  which,  added  to  the  anu)unt  ])reviously  juiid 
($39,251,730.40),  as  shown  in  the  annual  report  of  Die  rostmastcr-Uen- 
eral  for  1881,  makes  the  total  expenditures  tiius  far  ma<le  on  account 
of  that  year  $39,051,051.04.  The  outstanding  liabilities  for  s«'rvice  ot 
the  year  ended  June  30,  1882,  have  I)een  placed,  at  a  close  estimate,  at 
$328,550.40,  which,  added  to  the  amount  already  paiil  (A.|o.o;!«).(;:u.7:.  , 
■would  make  the  total  expenditures  and  lialtilities  for  tl»e  year  6I0,.'.'<S. 
185.21,  an  excess  of  $717,134.17,  or  1.8  jier  cent.,  over  the  amount  thus 
far  paid  for  the  service  of  the  year  ended  June  30,  L-^Hl. 

In  the  single  item  of  compensation  to  postnmsters,  which  is  n-gu 
lated  bylaw,  the  increased  exi)enditure  was  $005,9;53.0;J,  leaving  only 
$51,200.24  as  the  aggregate  increase  in  all  the  reinaiuing  items. 

In  Table  No.  2,  which  accompanies  this  report,  will  be  fotmd  a  ilctailetl 
statement  by  quarters  of  the  receipts  and  expenditures  for  the  fi.scal 
year  ended  June  30,  1882,  ami  a  comparison  of  the  sanu*  with  the  two 
years  immediately  preceding. 

The  gross  receipts  for  the  year  were  $5,091,012.18,  4>r  13.S  per  cent., 
more  than  those  of  the  i)receding  year.  The  increase  from  the  sale  of 
postage-stami>'^,  stampeil  envelopes,  and  postal  cards  was  *  l.s(;7,»;n.«Mi. 
or  13.'.>  percent.;  IVom  lutx  rents  and  branch  oOicis.  .•j'l.VJ.tJ.sj..; t,  ,n-  in. I 
per  cent.;  from  pro(t'(>ds  of  money -order  business,  $rM.l85.90,  or  22  p«M- 
cent.;  from  tines  and  penalties,  $4,075.."».'.,  or  29,0  ]mm-  ceTit,;  from  dea.l 
letters,  $1,073,23,  or  10,2  per  cent,:  and  from  '-m  .us"  Koun-es. 

$3,007,11,  or  9,5  j)er  cent.     There  was  a  decreast-  ..    -  ,!M.  or  3.1  per 

cent.,  in  the  amount  of  letter  post:iges  i»anl  in  nu)ney. 

In  Table  No,  .".  will  be  found  a  statement  showing  the  approprirttions 
by  items  for  I  he  service  of  the  last  fiscal  year,  atid  the  amount  s  expended 
out  of  the  same.  The  total  amount  ai>pn»p'':'*<''l  ^•'>«  ^I3..vi2,097.s;. 
covering  forty-four  .specific  items.      In  thn.    -i   these  ilcuia  the  fUll 


amuuiits  aji|iroi)n:itcd  Avcrcci;})euded;  iu  tbirty-seveu  itciii.s  Iberc  wnvc 
uncxpcuckHl  bahiiices  aggreyutiui^-  -'^3,512,513.11;  and  in  tbe  icinaiijin;; 
lour  ite.uis  the  expenditures  exceeded  the  appropriations  in  tlie  total  sum 
of  $9,450.03,  leaving  a  net  excess  of  ai)piopiiations  over  expenditures 
of  83,503,063.08.  The  largest  single  unexpended  balance  was  in  "star 
service,"  the  appropriation  for  Avhich  was  $7,b00,000,  the  expenditure 
$5,704,406.33,  and  the  amount  left  unexpended  $2,195,533.07. 

The  appropriation  for  mail  transportation  by  railroads  was  $10,608,282, 
of  which  $10,280,085  was  expended,  leaving  an  unexi)ended  balance  at 
the  close  of  the  year  of  $322,197.  The  expenditure  for  railroad  trans- 
portation does  not,  however,  cover  the  entire  cost  of  that  service,  the 
law,  as  construed  by  the  officers  of  the  Treasury  (sec  v.  20,  Stat.,  p. 
420),  providing  that  the  earnings  of  certain  of  the  Pacilic  railroads 
for  mail  transportation  shall  not  be  treated  among  the  expenditures  of 
the  Post-Office  Department.  The  circumstances  of  the  case  are,  briefly, 
that  to  aid  in  the  construction  of  certain  railroad  lines  to  the  Pacific 
Ocean  the  United  States,  by  various  acts  of  Congi-ess,  issued  to  the  com- 
panies constructing  these  lines  large  amounts  of  bonds,  the  princii^al  of 
which,  with  the  interest,  was  to  be  reimbursed  at  maturity.  To  assist 
in  securing  the  payment  of  this  indebtedness  the  government  was 
authorized  to  withhold  a  portion  or  all  of  the  earnings  of  the  several 
roads  for  transporting  the  mails,  &c.,  and  to  credit  the  companies  with 
the  amounts  thus  withheld  in  the  accounts  between  them  and  the  Treas- 
ury. Prior  to  1879  the  moneys  so  earned  by  these  companies  for  trans- 
porting the  mails  were  paid  out  of  the  usual  appropriations  for  the  serv- 
ice of  the  Post-Office  Department  by  warrants  in  favor  of  the  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury,  and  were,  therefore,  included  in  the  expenditures  of  the 
department.  Since  that  year,  however,  under  the  requirements  of  the 
act  of  Congress  of  March  3,  1879,  before  referred  to,  the  amounts  have 
been  merely  certified  to  the  Register  of  the  Treasury  by  the  Auditoi' 
for  the  Post-Office  Department,  and  credited  on  the  books  of  the  Treas- 
ury Department  to  the  companies  in  their  accounts  with  the  government 
for  principal  and  interest  of  the  bonds.  The  amounts  thus  certified,  as 
will  appear  from  the  Auditor's  reports,  have  been  as  follows : 

For  fiscal  vear  ended  June  30,  1879 $712,209  31 

For  fiscalVear  ended  Jane  30,  1860 995,004  9:: 

For  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1881 1,100,089  »>:> 

For  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1882 1,214,185  37 

Of  the  $1,214,185.37  certified  during  the  last  fiscal  year  836,011.32 
was  for  previous  years,  leaving  the  net  amount  for  the  service  of  the 
year  $1,178,174.05. 

Under  the  law  referred  to  none  of  the  above  amounts  were  included 
in  the  i)ostal  expenditures  for  the  years  to  which  they  severally  belong. 
The  amounts  cover  the  entire  earnings  of  the  several  companies  for 
carrying  the  mails,  together  with  those  of  their  branch  and  leased  lines. 

AMOUNT  DRAWN  FBOM  THE  TREASURY. 

The  only  sum  drawn  from  the  general  Treasury  during  the  year  was 
the  following,  in  accordance  with  special  a])propriation  made  by  Con- 
gress: 

To  pay  schedule  claims  authorized  by  act  apjiroved  August  5,  1882 
(Statutes,  Public  No.  205,  pp.  27  and  30),  for  the  service  of  the  year 
1879  and  prior  vears,  as  appears  more  fullv  bv  the  report  of  the  Auditor, 
$6,505.12. 


li'El'UKT    ni      IHL    li  •>  I  M  V'>i  Li:-i.,i::M.i;A  1..  921 

CONDITIO.N    uF   DEllCli:>'CV    APl'ROrKlATlONS. 

The  foil  owing  statuiiu'iit  shows  tlii*  condition  of  ai)iiii»iiri:itions  fit»m 
the  gtMioial  Treasury  to  sni)i)ly  (loticicncii's  in  tlic  i)o.st;iI  icNiMines,  viz: 

1.  For  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  M),  ISSL',  th<*  amount  apitrojtriatcil 
from  the  Treasury  to  sujtply  delicieniMes  in  tlie  r)(»stal  rc\enne  w;u> 
$2,lo2,258,  Mliich  sum  is  still  in  the  ^rcneial  Treasury,  subject  to  requi- 
sition. As  the  postal  revenues  will  iiudouljtedly  jnove  sutlici«'nt  to 
meet  all  the  ohlijjatious.  i);iid  autl  uni»aid,  inenned  durinjr  the  year,  the 
whole  amount  of  the  a])proi»riation  will  icmain  in  the  Treasury,  and  by 
operation  of  law  will  C4.'ase  to  be  available  alter  the  oOih  of  June,  l?i84. 

2.  For  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  .'iO,  18S1,  the  amount  appropriated 
out  of  the  jjeucral  Treasury  to  sui)ply  estimated  deficiencies  in  the  postul 
revenue  was  $3,883,120,  of  which  >«1,1U2,2'JU.(>.1  was  lelt  unexpen<led 
at  the  close  of  that  year,  h8S3,42()  bein.u-  still  in  the  Treasuiy  undniwn, 
and  $.-)18.870.Go  in  the  hands  of  the  Treasurer,  subject  to  draft.  Of 
this  latter  sum  83!K).314.r)8  has  since  been  e\i»ended  on  a«count  of  the 
service  for  the  year  ended  June  30,  1881,  leavinj^  a  total  balance  of 
$1,002,970.07  stifl  available  for  that  year. 

BAD  DKirrs. 

As  will  appear  by  the  report  of  the  Auditor,  the  ]iostal  revenue  wa« 
<;harged  during  the  last  year  with  the  fidlowiiig: 

1.  Amount  of  bad  debts §136,r>48  90 

2.  Amount  of  balances  coiiipiomisfd 0,733  1>5» 

143,282  8W 
Loss  arwoiuit  of  credits  ou  Mispoudcd  uccoiiiits 2,  617  &3 

Balance 1  J0,4»k>  'Xi 

Of  this  amount  $133,072.84  accrued  between  1780  and  1.S50,  the  siis- 
peuded  accounts  for  that  period  having  been  reviewed  and  fimdly  <Iose«l 
by  the  Auditor  during  the  past  year.  The  whole  amouut,  h«»wever, 
constitutes  a  charge  against  the  postal  revenue  for  tin-  year  ended 
June  30,  1882. 

TRANSACTIONS   AT  DEPOSITOUIKS. 

The  receii)ts  ami  disbursements  at  Treasury  an<l  i>ostnnice  dei>osi- 
tories  during  the  Inst  fiscal  year  may  be  brielly  stated  as  follows: 

At  Treasury  depositories: 

B.ilaneo  subjeet  in  draft  June  ".'.0.  l^r-l $: 5, «'►.'■  l,90r.  :is 

Outstandinji  wai rants  .hmo  :«»,  1k.«^1 Cl.lCC  iU» 

Aggregate  depoisils  durin;^  the  year  iMuleil  JuiiolU),  l-v-ci 'Jl.  I.'i4;,(r70  .Vi 

Total -4.-«^.313^0 

Amount  of  warrants  jiaid  during  the  y<'»r ''  •''«  <>.> 

Balance  at  depositories  June  30,  IS^J :..  -It..  ixC.  KV 

Outstanding  warrants  June  30,  1h«2 H>,  ICO  «• 

Balauce  subject  to  draft  Junt- 30,  18^2 ::iri.M6  :t» 


922  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

Transactions  at  these  depositories  in  detail,  with  amount  of  increase 
or  decrease  as  compared  witli  the  proyious  years  are  sliown  in  Table 
No.  4,  accompanying  this  report. 

At  post-o(ificc  (lopositories : 

Balance  subject  to  draft  June  30,  1881 ^85,178  69 

Less  credit  balance  June  30,  18H1 122  2G 

685, 056  43 
Aggregate  receipts  during  the  quarter  ended  September  30,  1881 2,728,551  15 

Total , 3,413,607  58 

Disburscmenta  during  the  quarter $1,880,711  98 

Transferred  to  other  depositories 1 ,  582, 895  60 

3, 413, 007  58 

On  the  30th  September,  1881,  the  post-office  draft  system  was  abol- 
ished, and  the  eighty-six  draft  offices  then  existing  were  discontinued 
as  such.  On  October  1,  1881,  the  warrant  system  was  extended  to  in- 
clude all  payments  made  to  creditors  of  the  department,  except  post- 
masters having  balances  due  them,  and  excepting  also  the  disburse- 
ments made  under  the  authority  of  law  by  postmasters. 

Table  ISTo.  5,  submitted  with  this  report,  exhibits  the  receipts  and 
disbursements  at  the  different  post-office  depositories  in  detail. 

COIN'TRACTS  ENTERED   AND   ACCOUNTS  KEPT. 

During  the  year  there  were  3,865  contracts  for  mail  service  received 
from  the  Second  Assistant  Postmaster- General,  and  19,210  orders  of 
the  Postmaster-General  (of  which  9,605  were  double)  recognizing  mail 
service  not  under  contract,  curtailing  or  extending  service,  or  modifying 
previous  orders,  beiug  a  decrease  of  1,442  contracts  and  an  increase  of 
3,936  orders  as  compared  with  the  previous  year.  The  contracts  and 
orders  were  entered  upon  the  books  of  the  division  of  finance  for  refer- 
ence when  acting  upon  reports  from  the  Auditor  for  the-  payment  of 
mail  contractors  and  other  creditors  of  the  department.  The  number 
of  such  reports  received  and  acted  upon  during  the  year  was  45,537,  an 
increase  of  3,490  over  the  previous  year. 

Accounts  were  kept  -with  the  Treasury,  nine  sub-treasuries,  and  thirty- 
niue  designated  depositories,  involving  the  sum  of  $20,998,144.72,  against 
which  38,851  warrants  were  issued.  Accounts  were  also  kept  with  eighty- 
six  post-office  depositories,  involving  the  sum  of  $3,413,607.58,  of  v.hich 
$978,430.24  arose  from  the  proceeds  of  the  depository  offices  themselves 
and  $1,750,120.91  from  deposits  by  otber  offices.  Against  the  accumu- 
lations in  the  depository  ottices  6,786  drafts  were  issued,  amounting 
to  $1,433,973.85.  In  addition  to  the  amount  paid  out  by  draft,  the  sum 
of  $396,738.13  was  paid  to  route  agents,  railway  post-otlice  clerks,  mail 
messengers,  and  letter-carriers,  by  the  postmasters  authorized  to  make 
such  payments,  the  accounts  for  which  were  rendered  monthly  to  this 
office. 

ESTIMATES  FOR  1884. 

The  postal  vpvonne  for  the  year  ending  June  30,  1884,  is  estimated  nt..  $50, 670, 456  27 
The  expenditures  for  the  year,  as  shown  in  the  estimates  that  have 
been  approved  by  the  Postmaster-General,  are  placed  at 46,741,  111  25 

Leaving  an  estimated  surplus  of  revenue  of 3, 929,  !>45  v-^ 

In  estimating  the  revenue  allowance  is  made  for  an  annual  increase 
of  10  i)er  cent,  on  the  revenue  of  the  last  fiscal  year,  making  the  esti- 
mated revenue  for  the  present  year  $46,064,051.16,  and  for  the  next  year 


REPORT   OF   THE   POSTMASTER-GENERAL.  923 

$50,670,456.27,  as  stated  above.  There  was  an  increase  of  revenue  for 
1880  over  1879  at  tlie  rate  of  lO.S  per  cent.,  for  1881  over  1880  of  10.4 
per  cent.,  and  for  1882  over  1881  of  13.8  ]>cr  cent.  The  returns  from  a 
large  number  of  the  i)rincii)al  ollices  for  the  quarter  ended  September 
30  of  the  present  year  indicate  an  increase  of  nearly  111  i)er  cent,  over 
the  corresponding  quarter  of  last  year.  The  full  amounts  of  the  esti- 
mates ^re  likely  to  be  realized,  unless  there  sliould  be  unexiiccted  re- 
verses in  the  business  prosperity  of  the  country,  or  changes  in  the  ex- 
isting classification  of  mail  matter  and  the  rates  of  i)osta.ir«'.  iiijuriou.sly 
aflecting  the  postal  revenue. 

APPROPRIATIONS,    EXPENDITURES,   AND    E.STI:MAT1:S   J  <>i:    i m,    SKRV- 

ICE   OF   THIS  OFFICE. 

The  aggregate  appropriations  for  the  service  of  this  olliee  for  the  year 
ended  June  30,  1882,  were  $l,074,.'544.3r>,  of  which  $(J01)."J.S2.o:{  was  ex- 
pended, leaving  an  unexpended  balance  of  )?  104,562.32,  or  15.3  percent, 
of  the  total  amount  a]>propriated.  The  expenditures  for  the  year  were 
only  $22,428.04,  or  a  little  more  than  2.5  per  cent.,  over  those  of  the 
preceding  year.  This  slight  excess,  in  face  of  the  large  increase  in  the 
supplies  for  which  the  expenditures  were  principally  incurred,  was  owing 
to  new  contracts  entered  into  at  the  beginning  of  the  last  liscal  year  at 
reduced  rates  for  adhesive  postage-stami)s  and  postal  cards.  The  old 
contracts  superseded  others  at  still  higher  rates  existing  up  to  the  3Uth 
of  June,  1877,  so  that  the  expenditures  of  this  oflice  for  the  year  ended 
on  that  date  were  only  $04,075.20,  or  7  i)er  cent.,  less  tlian  those  for  the 
fiscal  year  ended  June  30, 1882,  while  the  total  number  of  postage-stamps, 
stamped  envelopes,  postal  cards,  and  oflicial  envelopes  issuetl  during  the 
latter  year  was  701,982,00!>,  or  65.2  per  cent.,  in  exces.s  of  the  total 
number  issued  for  the  year  1877.  The  estimates  for  the  next  liscal  year, 
with  the  explanations  thereof,  will  be  found  in  paper  marked  No.  1,  at- 
tached to  this  report. 

DIVISION    OF    POSTAGE-STAMPS,   STAMPJ.U    ENVELOPES,    AND    POSTAL 

CARDS. 

The  operations  of  this  division  during  the  year  may  be  suniuiarize<l 
as  follows:  The  number  of  ordinary  postage-stamps  issued  to  i)ost- 
masters  for  sale  to  the  public  during  the  year  was  1,11  l,5«K),;;;U»,  value«l 
at  $28  ^»"^> '"'"■'* •  "♦'  iiewsnuocr  jind  Deriodical  stamps.  2.21  t..SO."..  vabietl 
at: 
of^ 

stami)ed   ,.         ,     ,   ,        ,         ,  _        _ 

stamped  envelopes  bearing  a  printed  return  request.  1(M).,(H.l..o.  valued 
at  $3,163,894.85;  of  newspai)er  wrappers,  41.0S(;..-)0{»,  valued  at  $.".(Mt.- 
208.80;  of  postal  cards,  .351,498,000,  valued  at  $.3,516,015;  and  of  onieml 


stamped  enveloiM's  and  \\r;tpi)ers  issued  to  the  War  Department  forolVi- 
cial  use,  2,()37,5(M),  valued  at  $29,306.50;  making  a  total  number  of 
1,740,571,038,  and  a  total  value  of  $40,978,05.3. 12. 

These  issues  show  an  increase  in  value  ovt-r  those  of  the  ]»i-eroding 
year  as  follows:  Of  ordinary  postage  stajnps.  $4,(k3S,90l,  or  19.2  imt 
cent.;  of  newspaper  and  ]>erio«lieiil  stami.s,  $2o3,.395.70,  or  1 1.5  per  «'ent.: 
of  postage-duo  stamps,  $97,777,  or  38.J   per  eent,;  of  tiflu-ial  po.^ta^'e 


'.)2\  VAVEEfi   ACCOMrANYlNG     TJIi: 

;uid  ^^l•apl)cl•.s  ior  the  iiHe  of  tlic  War  Departmeut  aniouutiiig  to  $'l,8'll>, 
<•)■  M.l  ])er  cent. 

The  total  increase  in  tlie  \ahie  «>1"  all  the  issues  wa.s  $0,o52,017.51,  or 
18.,')  per  <;ent. 

Ill  addition  to  the  foregoing  articles,  there  were  issued  for  ollicial  use 
0,711,500  registered  jiackage  envelopes,  835,750  tag  envelopes  for  regis- 
tered i)arc<ds,  23,724,300  ])ost  office  envelopes,  1,025,000  envelopes  for 
retnrning  dead  letters,  285,000  international  nioney-order  envelopes,  and 
1,305,000  departmental  envelopes  for  the  use  of  the  several  bureaus  of 
this  department. 

The  requisitions  upon  which  the  foregoing  supplies  wei-e  issued  num- 
bered as  follows :    ^ 

For  ordinary  postage-stamps i;?p,  5;)0 

For  new  spaper  and  periodical  stamps 10, 840 

For  postage-due  stamps 13, 689 

For  stamped  envelopes,  plain (54,400 

For  stamped  envelopes  bearing  a  return  request 79,  322 

For  postal  cards 78,431 

FoV  official  postage-stamps  and  stami>ed  envelopes 29 

For  registered-package  envelopes 54,7r)4 

For  tag  envelopes  for  registered  packages »... 1,370 

For  post-oflSce  envelopes 24,802 

I'^or  newspaper  and  periodical  receipt-books 1, 543 

Total 464,710 

These  supplies  were  maele  ui)  and  forwarded  in  the  following  number 
of  parcels : 

Of  ordinary  postage-stamps 139, 41^ 

Of  postage-due  stamps 13,68.5 

Of  newspaper  and  periodical  stamjis 9,825 

Of  stamped  envelopes,  plain 94, 862 

Of  stamped  envelopes,  inltited 72,362 

Of  postal  cards 85,065 

Of  official  postage-stamps »- 26 

Of  official  stamped  envelopes 8(5 

Of  registered-iiackage  envelopes 56, 850 

Of  tag  envelopes  for  registered  packages 1, 370 

Of  post-offlce  envelopes 31,802 

Of  newspaper  and  periodical  receipt-books 1,543 

Total 506,639 

The  following  is  a  comi)arative  statement  of  requisitions  filled  during 
the  past  and  i)receding  fiscal  years : 


%'tg 

!«£§ 

S^., 

■    ^   =^- 

Articles. 

S*"^ 

i.^>=. 

■-  S«r- 

c 

s  iz'^'i 

5-5  3S 

o 

a'S  C'r-i 

^.... 

« 

« 

For  ordinary  postage-stamps 

For  postage-due  st.amps ■. 

For  newspaper  and  periodical  stamps 

For  stamped  envelopes,  plain 

For  stamped  (pvelopes,  printed ^ 

For  ppstiu  caras 

For  official  postage-stamps  and  stamped  envelopes 

For  registered-package  envelopes 

For  tag  envelopes . 

For poat-oflice  envelopes !      24,802        23.2.^n         ],.M:! 

For  newspaper  and  periodical  receipt-books !        1,043  7,013       *.'>,47o 

■- 

Total 464,710      430,868      133,842 


135,  .'30  128,  502  I  7,  OM 

13,  C89  I  8,846  :  4,843 

10,840  1  10,021  819 

64,400  I  00,462  3,038 

79,  322  I  69, 153  I  10.  ICO 

78,431  :  71,4i0  1  7.U11 

2!)  :  33  I  «4 

54, 7r,4  52,103  2,651 

1,370  .'C  1,3H 


•Decrease.  tOr  7.8  per  cent,  net  incroaae. 


nn'ORT    OF    THE    rOSTMA^Ti:iI  nKNKI.'AL. 


92.5 


rOSTAGE   ON  SECOND-CLASS  MATTER. 

The  weight  of  newspaper  and  pei-iodical  (seoond-elnss)  matter  mailed 
during'  tlie  year  from  rej^iilar  otiiiM'S  ofjniblieation  and  fmm  mnvs  a;:eM 
cios,  not  inclndinjj  free  circulation  within  Mir  county  of  pnltjication,  was 
78.255,104  jiounds,  or  oO,1l'7^,',^^  tons,  tlie  ])osta^'e  on  wliicli  wa> 
$1,505,103.28,  an  increase  of  .":$  100,054.01.  or  11.15  per  cent.,  (»ver  tli«' 
anuiuur,  of  ])ostas,e  collected  on  such  inatl«'r  dnrin;:  the  pn-ccdin;:  yeai. 

The  nuinlM'r  of  ])osr-ofiiccs  at  wjjich  this  class  of  matter  was  madfd 
during  the  year  is  5,0S(),  an  increase  of  251),  or  5.37  per  cent.,  over  tin- 
number  for  the  jirevious  year. 

The  followiiif,'  table  shows  tlu*  number  of  poun<ls  of  new.spai>ers  and 
periodicals  mailed  during  the  year  and  the  amount  of  postajje  eolle<rted 
thereon  at  sixteen  of  the  jtrineipal  po.stoHices  in  the  L'nite<l  States: 


Tear  ended  Jnnc  80, 
1881. 

Tc.ir  ended  June  90, 
1882. 

Inoreaae  tor  IMS. 

"5—  . 

^ii 

« 

■m     , 

« 

fc.  . 

^                   w 

w 

"3 

C'p 

Co 

o                 e 

e 

3-r 

I'ost-office  at— 

P  b 

2  s  :; 

a-2 

11       II 

li 

=  t 

I'll 

o  2 

c  »-r 

"s  3 

err* 

Z   Z                    Z   Z          '     r   - 

o  o 

eSvS 

C   0 

S  5Ji 

s  2. 

a  a. 

t£ 

?if 

>!i 

< 

'A 

< 

1^ 

s 
$.-»8  -•-  <•( 

i> 

New  Tori:,  X.  Y  . . . 
Cl.i.asn,  ni 

19,  .wn,  e9S 

$386, 817  9C 

21.279.330 

$425.  586  00 

I.  KIP.  433 

77.19 

7, 003. 92r, 

140,  078  50 

7,701.695 

1.55,233  <») 

7:.T.770     i: 

0.92 

BoHtoii,  Mass 

4, 103, 075 

8:1,201  50 

4,819,700 

96.  H94  00 

6.56,625     i:; 

8.16 

Philailflpliia.  Pa... 

3,  509,  ao'j 

70.  IHt  04      4,  228.  5.39 

81  570  78 

719,:t37      14.    ..   ,,    ..  .. 

.\  43 

Saint  Louis,  Mo.... 

3,  223,  492 

04,  409  K4     3,  472.  243 

60.  444  80 

248.  7.51        4,  975  ua     7.  ; 
12,024,        240  4«       .4 

4  44 

Ciuciiniati.  Ohio  ... 

2,  774,  •-•M9 

55,485  78     2,786,313 

55,  726  26 

3.M 

Aujriista,  ^lo 

Run  Franrisco,  Cal . 

;:,  •.'."!  i.U'i''' 

65,  027  70     2,  572,  055 

51.441   10 

•B79,33S    -n  ••'    •-'  

a.2s 

1,  i9:.o-j!t 

23,940  58      1,340,873 

20.  937  40 

140,  K44        2 

L7I 

Detroit,  3Iicb 

1,  069.  023 

21,3S.)40      1,  1.'«.707 

22,674  14 

04,  IM        1 

1. 45 

Mihvanki-c.  Wis   .. 

MK,  401 

10.  9<;9  22         9»H;,  201 

19,  :;i'4  92 

116,740       2. .     ..   - 

1. 2:1 

LouiHville,  Ky 

904,  042 

18.080  84          956,  .544 

I».  131  28 

.52.  .52 J        1, 11. J'  *i      Xh 

1.  22 

Clevelaiifl,  (Jliio. ... 

878,119 

17.  5C2.38          779,  .541 

1.5.  5!.0  82 

"jx.r.ix    M.nTi  .vi'ii.2 

.99 

Pittabiit;:!).  Pa 

71.'..  .'■.19 

14,31(1  .'(H         79:;.  918 

1.5. 878  m; 

'". :i!'j      1..'*:  9K  lau 

MM 

Saint  Panl,  Minn  .. 

5.12,  6.T.' 

11.052  C4          751,243 

1."..  irji  80 

ill",  oil         3, '.•72  22(  39.9 

.90 

ToImIo,  Oliio 

701,063 

14.081  20          710,472 

I4.:fj;t  4i 

12.  40'.»             2 1''    1"       1.8 

.92 

Baltiuiort.',  Md 

614,091 

12,281  82          674.816 

i:{,490  :r2 

00,725        1.214  :«,     9  0 

.Ml 

M,  749,  248 

1, 014, 984  90   :<>,  03N  210 

1 

1,  lOO,  704  20 

4,  288,  962     85,  779  241     &  4 

70.33 

*  I>«9cr«a«(>. 


Since  Jannary  1,  1875,  the  postage  on  iicwspajicrs  and  peritMlicals 
mailed  by  publishers  ami  news  a;:«'nts  to  regular  subscribers  or  news 
agents  has  ln-en  jnepaid  :it  pound  rates.  'I'he  matter  is  wei;;hed  ia 
bulk,  and  the  jiostai^e  j):iid  with  speci:il  adhesive  st:Mii))s,  ollleially  iles- 
ifjuated  as  iM'Wspa]ter  and  periodical  stami>s,  .\  n-ceipt  is  ;,Mven  the 
])ublisheror  news  aj;ent  for  each  consiv^nmcnt  «>f  matter,  and  the  proper 
arnonnt  of  stamps  is  alH-Ncd  to  the  stub  in  the  ie<'ei|it  l»otik,on  whieh 
is  also  entered  a  mcnioi;indiiiii  slio\\in;;  tlu'  name  of  the  publi«'ation 
the  date  of  mailin;,^  the  \\(i<:iit  of  matt4r,  and  the  amount  of  post 
age  collected.  The  postmaster  is  required  to  render  a  «piarterly  state- 
ment to  this  office  sliowin;;  the  total  wei;.'lit  of  matter  m;iiled  :md 
amount  of  postage  collected  from  each  publisher  and  news  agent  dm 
iiig  the  quarter.  The  stam|)s  an*  charged  to  the  ])ostmaster's  ai-eount 
\\hen  issiKMl,  and  if  aOixed  to  tin*  stubs  luid  <'am'eled,  the  revenue  is 
.vecured  to  the  governnn-Jit.  To  insure  this  postmasters  an*  required  :if 
the  close  of  each  ipiarter  to  f;end  the  stubs  used  iluring  the  qmirter  u> 
this  oflic<',  where  they  are  e:\refully  e.\amine<l  ami  compared  with  the 
memorandum    entries   and  with   the   quarterly  state«nent.>«.     lUscn'p- 


926  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING  THE 

ancies  are  uot  infrequently  discovered,  and  postmasters  are  required  to 
make  good  all  deficiencies.  But  undoubtedly  the  most  important  ben- 
efit of  requiring  the  return  of  the  stubs  is  in  admonishing  postmasters 
to  properly  apply  and  cancel  the  stamps,  when,  through  neglect  or  de- 
sign, this  duty  would  often  be  omitted  if  the  stubs  were  permitted  to 
remain  in  the  postofiice.  The  examination  of  the  stubs  of  course  im- 
poses much  labor,  but  the  expenditure  is  well  repaid.  During  the  last 
year  examinations  were  made  of  the  stubs  in  22,432  receipt-books,  and 
19,032  quarterly  statements  were  examined  and  recorded.  The  sum  of 
$1,733.55  was  collected  at  proper  rates  from  publishers  and  news  agents 
on  matter  mailed  but  not  entitled  to  go  as  second-class  matter. 

NEW  CONTRACT  FOR  STAMPED  ENVELOPES  AT  REDUCED  PRICES. 

During  the  year  the  preliminary  steps  were  taken  for  obtaining  a 
new  contract  for  stamped  envelopes  and  newspaper  wrappers,  the  old 
contract  expiring  on  the  30th  September.  Substantially  the  same 
course  was  pursued  as  when  the  late  contract  was  entered  into,  four 
years  ago.  Under  date  of  May  1,  1882,  advertisements  were  published 
in  various  newspapers  in  the  principal  cities,  inviting  sealed  proposals 
from  envelope  manufacturers,  until  12  m.  of  the  8th  day  of  June,  for  all 
the  stamped  envelopes  and  wrappers  that  the  department  might  order 
during  the  contract  term  of  four  years,  commencing  on  the  1st  October. 
Full  and  explicit  specifications  as  to  the  requirements  accompanied  the 
blank  form  of  proposals  furnished  to  bidders,  to  which  were  attached 
samples  of  the  various  sizes  and  grades  called  for.  The  standards  of 
the  several  grades  of  paper  were  prescribed,  the  character  of  the  ma- 
terials entering  into  their  composition,  the  weight  per  ream  of  specified 
sizes,  and  other  particulars  connected  with  the  manufacture  of  the  pa- 
per being  fully  set  forth.  Other  specified  requirements  related  to  the 
manufacture  of  the  envelopes  and  wrappers,  the  preparation  and  con- 
trol of  the  dies  for  embossing  the  stamps,  the  security  of  the  building 
used  for  manufacture,  the  sufficiency  of  stock  to  be  kept  on  hand,  the 
place  and  manner  of  delivery,  the  mode  of  packing  for  shipments,  the 
destruction  of  spoiled  work,  the  manner  of  inspection  by  the  agents  of 
the  department,  and,  in  short,  to  all  the  particulars  needful  to  secure  the 
interests  of  the  government  in  connection  with  the  contract.  Bids  were 
to  be  made  for  each  item  separately,  and  it  was  provided  that  the  award 
should  be  made  as  a  whole  to  the  lowest  responsible  bidder  in  the  ag- 
gregate on  the  basis  of  the  actual  number  of  each  of  the  several  kinds 
issued  during  the  year  ended  March  31,  1882,  the  total  issues  of  that 
year  having  aggregated  249,308,750  envelopes  and  wrappers.  The  for- 
feiture for  failure  of  the  successful  bidder  to  enter  into  contract  was 
placed  under  guarantee  at  850,000,  and  the  penalty  of  the  bond  for  non- 
performance of  contract  at  $200,000.  On  the  day  fixed  for  the  receipt  of 
bids  (June  8)  five  sealed  proposals  were  submitted,  and  on  being 
opened  and  examined  by  the  Postmaster-General  and  myself,  in  the 
presence  of  the  bidders  and  others,  the  names  of  the  bidders  and  the 
amounts  of  their  respective  bids,  on  the  basis  referred  to,  were  found 
to  be  as  follows ; 

1.  The  Plimpton  Envelope  Company,  of  Hartford,  Conn.,  and  the  Morgan 

Envelope  Conipauv,  of  Springtield,  Mass $456,197  58 

2.  White,  Corbin  &  Co".,  of  Rockville,  Conn 461,842  90 

3.  The  Holvoke  Envelope  Company,  of  Holyoke,  Mass 464,421  21 

4.  Geo.  F.  Nesbitt  &  Co.,  of  New  York  City 470,927  62 

5.  WadeH.  Hill,  of  Worcester,  Mass 476,5^5  40 

The  closeness  in  amount  between  these  several  bids  bears  evidence  to 
the  exactness  with  which  the  requirements  of  the  contract  were  estab- 


REPORT  OF  TOE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL.         927 

lished  by  the  speciticatioii.s.  The  lowest  biilders  were  the  Plimpton  a^jd 
Mor;?an(.'Oiiipauies,  wholuid  held  thecoiitract  lor  the  two  i>revi()u.stenn.sof 
lour  years  each,  and  the  new  contract  wsus  act:ordinp:ly  awarded  to  them. 
The  contract  was  dnly  execnted,  and  its  perlorniance,  entered  into  oa 
the  1st  October,  is  now  satisfactorily  pro^rressing.  The  prices  in  the 
iiew  contract  average  a  reduction  of  nearly  7  per  cent,  from  those 
in  the  old  one.  The  law  requires  that  stamped  envelopes  shall  be  sold 
at  the  cost  of  procurement,  as  near  as  may  be,  and  accordinjjiy  a  new 
schedule  of  prices  has  been  a<lopted  for  the  sale  of  the  envelopes  to  the 
public  at  reduced  rates.  The  present  reduction  follows  one  of  about 
I'O  per  cent,  four  years  a;io  under  the  contract  then  made.  Under 
the  new  schedule  the  best  quality  note  size  envelopes  will  be  sold,  ex- 
clusive of  the  postage  value,  at  §1.00  i)er  1,0(K»;  of  full  letter  size,  at  $2 
per  1,000;  of  commercial  size,  at  $2.20  per  1,000  ;  of  extra  letter  size,  at 
$2.10  per  1,000;  of  otticial  size,  at  $;i.GO  per  1,000;  and  of  extra  ollicial 
size,  at$l  per  1,00(K  The  second  quality  envelopes  are  sold  at  20  cents 
l)er  thousand  less  than  these  prices,  and  the  third  quality  envelopes  at 
20  cents  per  thousand  less  than  the  second  quality,  for  corresiK)uding 
sizes. 

The  full  letter  and  extra  letter  sized  ungummed  envelopes  for  circulars 
are  sold  at  §1.20  and  $1.40  respectively,  and  the  uewsi)aper  wrappers 
at  $1  per  1,000,  in  addition  to  postage. 

To  illustrate  the  great  reduction  in  the  price  of  stamped  envelopes 
during  the  i)ast  lew  years,  a  letter  size  envelope,  which  in  18(10  wjus 
sold  at  $1.80  per  1,000,  is  now  furnished  in  an  equally  pood  if  not 
better  grade  at  $1.S0  i)er  1,000,  An  extra  letter  size  enveloi)e,  which 
then  sold  at  SO  per  1,000,  can  now  be  furnishe<l  in  as  good  quality  at 
$2.40.  The  ofticial  size,  then  sold  at  $S.(JO  jjer  1,01K),  is  now  oflered  in 
an  equally  good  quality  at  $..5.40  per  1,000,  The  i)ubli(;  ha^i  received  the 
pecuniary  benetits  of  these  reductions,  the  enveloiKis  being  sold  by  the 
department,  as  before  stated,  at  the  cost  of  i)rocuring  them.  Equally 
great  reductions  have  been  attained  in  the  cost  of  other  supplies.  A<i- 
hesive  postage-stamps,  which  in  1SG9  cost  27^  cents  per  1,000,  are  now 
obtained  at  0.10  cents  per  1,000,  and  postal  t-ards,  tirst  intrtKluced  in 
1873,  and  then  costing  $1.30J  per  1,000,  are  now  procured  at  54.43  oeuta 
per  1,000. 

POPULARITY  OP  RETURN   REQUEST  SYSTEM. 

The  increasing  popularity  of  the  return  request  system  is  shown  in  the 
issues  of  stamped  envelopes.  The  total  number  of  stiimiXMl  envelopes 
(excluding  enveloi)es  for  circulars  ami  newsi)aper  wrai>|»ers)  issue<l  dur- 
ing the  year  ende<l  June  30,  1.S77,  was  120,10;M.-)0,  of  whieh  «;i,Si'l,9:»0, 
(U-50.1  i)'ercent.,  were  plain  and  Ol,;{7 1,500,  or  4!».0  percent.,  w.-re  printe<l 
with  special  requests  lor  return  towrit«'rs.  The  issues  f«>r  the  ^ear  en<le<l 
.lune  .iO,  1882  (excluding  circular  enveloi)es  and  wrappers),  nnnd>»'red 
188,4r)7,200,of  which87,7o2,'.).'iO,or  40.5  percent.,  werejdain  and  l(K>,7(Ki,- 
2r>0,  or  53.4  per  cent.,  were  jjrinted  with  special  requests  to  retjmi.  In 
other  words,  the  increa.se  in  jilain  stampetl  envelopes  from  I.S77  to  18S2 
was  35.3  per  cent.,  while  the  increase  in  special  request  stanu>od  envelopes 
was  50.4  jiercent.  No  extra  charge  is  ma«le  to  tlw  publi«!  f«>r  jninting 
special  return  requests  on  stamped  envelop«'s.  but  they  are  not  furniHlutl 
in  lots  of  less  than  500  each.  The  contract  ft)r  stamped  enveloiH'i*  pn» 
vides  that  the  printing  shall  be  done  by  the  contractor  without  additional 
cost  to  the  department. 


1)28  PAPERS    ACCO.MPAI^YINO   THE 

NEW  FIVE-CENT  STAMP. 

During  the  year  a  chanft'e  was  made  in  the  design  of  the  five-cent 
postage  stamp,  which  is  used  mostly  for  correspondf-nce  with  foreign 
countries.  Thefollowing  is  a  description  ofthe new  adliesive  stamp:  Oy 
a  tahU't  is  suspended  an  incised  shield  decorated  with  an  oval  of  pearls 
forming  a  framework  to  the  portrait  ofthe  late  President  ofthe  United 
States,  James  A.  Garfield,  looking  toward  the  left,  engraved  in  line. 
At  the  base  of  the  ov-sd  is  a  dark  six-pointed  star  relieved  by  a  white 
outline,and  in  the  center  the  figure  "5."  Disposed  on  the  right  and  left 
ofthe  star  tiows  a  ribbon  containing  the  legend  "Five  cents"  in  white 
Roman  capitals.  Below  the  star  and  ribbon,  on  the  lower  portion  of  the 
tablet,  appear  the  words  "U.  S.  Postage,"  engraved  in  dark  letters. 
The  color  of  the  stamp  is  chocolate  brown.  The  first  issue  of  the  new 
stamps  was  under  date  of  April  10,  1882.  The  embossed  stamp  on  the 
five-cent  stamped  envelopes  has  also  been  changed  topattera,  as  nearly 
as  possible,  alter  the  design  of  the  adhesive  stamp.  The  new  stamp  is 
very  mnch  superior  to  the  old  one  in  style  and  workmanship,  and  it  has 
been  received  with  flattering  expressions  of  popular  approval. 

DIVISION  OF  DEAD  LETTERS. 

The  total  number  of  ]ueces  of  mail  matter  received  at  the  dead  let- 
ter office  during  the  year  was  4,1G(),554,  an  increase  of  480,349,  or  13.2 
per  cent.,  over  the  number  received  during  the  previous  fiscal  year. 
The  number  remaining  undisposed  of  at  the  close  of  the  previous  year 
was  124,731,  making  the  total  number  in  hand  for  treatment  during  the 
year  4,285,285,  of  which  4,225,085  were  finally  disposed  of,  and  59,000 
were  left  on  hand  at  the  close  of  the  year  for  further  treatment.  The 
following  is  the  classification  and  number  of  pieces  of  matter  in  han<l 
during  the  year : 

Domestic  mailed  letters,  inclutliiio:  3,049,952  ordiuary  nnclaimed  letters; 
83.187  letters  returned  from  hotels;  14,407  letters  bearing  fictitious  ad- 
dresses; 136,919  letters  returned  from  foreign  countries,  atid  4,124  regis- 
tered letters 3,28.'5,5*ri 

Domestic  unmailablc  letters,  comprising  275,240  held-for-postage  letters; 
954  letters  containing  unmailable  articles;  274,715  misdirected  letters, 

and  11,711  letters  without  address 502,  (>20 

Domestic  parcels  of  third  and  fourth  class  matter t)0,47() 

Letters  mailed  in  foreign  countries - iJoG,  287 

Printed  matter,  samples,  &c.,  mailed  in  foreign. countries  and  returnable..         17,313 

Total,  as  before 4,285, 2b5 

The  following  was  the  disposition  primarily  of  the  letters  handled 
during  the  year: 

Domestic  mailed  letters: 

Card  and  request  letters  delivered  nnopened 40,676 

Letters  opened 3,196,813 

Letters  left  on  hand 51, 100 

3, 268,  .'3-3 

Domestic  unmailablc  letters: 
Held-for-postage  letters  forwarded  to  address  unopened  on  re- 
ceipt of  postage .         .38, 173 

Held-for-postage  letters  opened 233,  017 

Held-for-iiostage  letters  lelt  on  hand  to  await  return  of  notices.  4,050  , 

Letters  containiug  uinu  ail  able  artit*les  opened 954 

Misdirected  letters  forwardcfl  unopened   after  correction  of  ad- 
dress          'J9, 2(iT 

Misdirected  letters  opened 175,44'^ 

Letters  without  address  opened 11.711 

5i;2,  (WO 


W 


REPORT    OF    THE    PO.STMASTEK-GEXERAL.  929 

Domestic  third  ami  fourth  clasti  matter: 

Parcels  opened  and  rctnriK'tl 41  ,m 

Parcels  opoued  and  left  on  hand jf,'  jj*;; 


Foreign  matter: 

Letters  delivered 3ol,Kr7 

Letters  still  on  hand 4  4'>0 

Parcels  of  printed  matter^  samples,  Sn:.,  returueil  unoiieii.-d 17|:UJ 


:<t>.  r.74 


:Q\\,  GtiO 


MATTER   OPENED   IN  DEAD   LETTER   OFFICE. 


The  lollowing  was  the  dispositiou  oi'mail  matter  opeiie<l  in  the  dead 
letter  office : 

Delivered : 

Letters  containiiij^  money 16  213 

Letters  containing  drafts,  checks,  and  other  evidences  of  mone- 
tary value 

TiCtters  containing  receipts,  paid  notes,  &c 

Letters  containing  postagc-stanijis 

I^etters  containing  nothing  of  value 

Photographs 

Parcels  of  merchandise,  books,  Ac 


ReturntMl  and  auaiting  evidence  of  delivery: 

Letters  containing  money L.Ti'. 

Letters  containing  drafts,  checks,  A.c y»i<i 

Parcels  of  merchandise,  hooks,  Ac 7 


IJndty  treatment  looking  to  deffvery  : 

Letters  containing  money I,  ir,! 

I'arcels  of  merchandise,  books,  A.c I.'i.CkJ;; 


"m.iiii 


-',  ;t"i 


17,  (W 


1 '. 

I4i> 

It. 

.'.:rT 

Filed,  upon  failure  to  deliver: 

Letters  containing  money IJ, .ViO 

Letters  containing  draffs,  checks,  «!Lc -"-• 

Letters  containing  rtM'eij»ts,  i>aid  notes,  &c 

Jjotters  containing  postage-stamjis .     - 

Photographs 

Parcels  of  merchandise,  l)ooks.  Arc 

Destroyed  : 
Letters  contaitiing  nothing  of  value,  including  ■••IMKKl  l.-tters  for 

wardeil  to  writers  and  returned  upon  failure  t»i  <UdiviT 

Parcels  containing  magazines,  jiainplilets,  fruit,  cakes,  seo*!.  Arc. 

FOREKJX   DEAD    MAIL   MATTEK. 

The  lollo"\viii^  .slatemoiil   nIiows  the  <lispo.sitiou  dniiijj;  the  year  of 
dead  mail  matter  ori^iiiatiiijj  in  fon-i;;!!  <(»mitries: 

Returned  to  country  of  origin  : 

Registered  letters 

<  >rdinary  lett«'rs 

I'arccls  of  print<'d  matter,  &c 1..1.'; 

nHi.ir.7 

Delivered  to  addressees: 

Registered  letters 4&0 

Ordinarv  lett^-rs ^03 


:Jo,449 


'.•.b94.9K 


Misdirected  matter  forwarded  to  corn'cted  niUln'Asc«: 

•  Ordinary  letters i»,  ni»4 

Parcels  of  printed  matter,  A:c Itrt 

On  hand  under  trentmeut: 

Registered  letters 'AKl 

Ordinarv  letters 4.^17 


6KI 


6.  MO 


4.4:>0 


Grand  total ..  IfT^OOO 

59  Ab 


030  PAPERS  ACCOMPANYING  THE 

MATTER  RETUKNED  FROM  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 

The  following:  number  of  pieces  of  matter  originating-  in  the  United 
States  was  returned  to  the  dead  letter  office  from  foreign  countries 
during"  the  year,  as  undeliverable : 

Kegistered  letters n'*2 

Ordinary  letters 136,91'.) 

Parcela  of  priufced  matter,  &c 'J4,  fjHl 

162, 4eJ 
DEAD  REGISTERED  MATTER. 

Included  in  the  matter  under  treatment  during  the  year  were  the  fol- 
lowing registered  letters  and  parcels: 

Number  delivered  to  addressees  or  restored  to  senders 11,291 

Returned  to  postmasters  for  delivery  and  awaiting  receii)ts o5 

Filed  upon  failure  to  discover  ownership,  subject  to  future  reclamation 4^.') 

Total. 11,811 

VALUABLE  INCLOSURES. 

Evidence  of  the  great  value  of  the  inclosures  found  in  many  of  th(i 
letters  aue  parcels  received  and  opened  at  the  dead  letter  office  will  be 
disclosed  by  an  examination  of  Table  No.  13  herewith.  Among  them 
were  19,989  containing  money  to  the  amount  of  $44,326.65;  24,57.j 
containing  checks,  drafts,  money-orders,  &c.,  representing  a  value  ol" 
$1,962,413.73;  90,842  containing  merchandise,  books,  «S:c.;  52,463  con- 
taining i^ostage-stamps ;  44,731  containing  receipts,  paid  notes,  &c. ;  and 
39,242  containing  photographs.  The  articles  of  merchandise  are  of 
every  conceivable  kind,  and  often  of  rare  interest  and  great  value. 

REVENUE  FROM  DEAD  MATTER. 

The  sum  of  $3,739.02  was  received  for  postage  on  insuffieiently  pre- 
l)aid  letters  forwarded  to  destination,  and  upon  articles  of  third  and 
fourth  class  matter  returned  to  the  senders,  and  $7,457.63,  taken  from 
dead  letters  which  could  not  be  restored  to  the  owners,  was  deposited 
in  the  Treasury  to  the  credit  of  the  Post-Office  Department.  Statistics 
more  in  detail  concerning  the  operations  of  the  dead  letter  office  will  be 
found  in  tables  numbered  from  10  to  15  hereto  attached. 

CHANGE  IN  TREATMENT  OF  HELD-FOR-POSTAGE  LETTERS. 

An  important  change  in  the  mode  of  treating  "held-for-postage"  let- 
ters, and  insufficiently  prepaid  articles  of  third  and  fourth  class  matter, 
was  made  by  a  formal  order  of  the  Postmaster-General,  bearing  date  of 
IMay  11,  1882,  to  take  effect  on  the  1st  of  July  next  ensuing.  The  law 
requires  that,  to  be  entitled  to  admission  into  the  mails,  domestic  letters 
(of  whatever  weight)  shall  be  prepaid  to  the  extent  of  at  least  one  full 
rate  of  postage,  and  that  third  and  fourth  class  matter  shall  be  prepaid 
in  full.  The  statute  (section  3937,  Eevised  Statutes)  with  respect  to 
'  letters  is  in  the  following  words : 

All  domestic  letters  deposited  in  any  post-office  for  mailing,  on  "whicli  the  postage 
is  wholly  unpaid  or  paid  less  than  one  full  rate  as  required  by  law,  except  letters  law- 
fully free,  and  duly  certilied  letters  of  soldiers,  sailors,  and  marines  in  the  service  of 
the  United  States,  shall  be  sent  by  the  postmaster  to  the  dead  letter  office  in  Wash- 
-ington.     But  in  large  cities  and  adjacent  districts  of  dense  population,  having  two  or 


m 


REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL.         931 

more  post-offices  within  a  distance  of  3  miles  of  each  other,  any  letter  mailed  lit  one 
of  Buch  ot'Gces,  and  addressed  tua  locality  within  the  delivery  of  another  of  mi.  I,  .>tii.i«, 
which  shall  have  bee<i  inadvertently  i)i(|)aid  at  the  drop  or  local  letter  of  |  . , 

may  be  forwarded  to  its  destination  throii;;li  the  jiropt-r  ollire,  ciiarg«-d  witli  ;.i 

of  the  deficient  postage,  to  be  collected  on  di-livery. 

The  luotle  of  treating  letters  held  under  this  law  was  tlescribod  on 
page  255  of  the  Postmaster-General's  Keport  for  1879,  as  follows: 

Those  that  bear  a  name  and  address,  or  a  bnKJness  card,  j)"  .  ■  ;  other 

designation  by  which  the  writer  can  be  identilicd,  are  iniim  ■  to  the 

owner,  or  his  attention  invited  to  the  deliciency  of  posta^ti  by  ..,•  ■'  »•!« 

mailing  otUce.     Of  the  balance,  all  "local"  or  "drop"  let  tern  an'  <» 

postmasters  to  the  persons  addressed,  upon  jiaynient  by  them  <if  the  11'  j.  , 

after  duo  notice  of  the  fact  and  cause  of  detention.  The  remainder  aic  M^nt  lu  the 
dead  letter  otlice,  and  are  at  onco  examined  by  an  expert,  who,  takinj,'  into  ronitidcra- 
tion  the  places  of  origin  and  destination  of  eaidi  letter,  deternines  v'  '  •  -  No 
returned  to  the  writer  in  less  time  than  would  be  required  to  ccdleci  :  m 

the  addressee  and  forwanl  the  letter  to  destination.     And  each  leti' .       _i.jd 

in  the  way  decided  to  be  the  (|uicker.  Wherever  a  doubt  exists,  or  where  the  difler- 
ence  is  very  small,  the  postage  is  collected  and  the  letter  forwanled,  thun  preserving 
the  seal  intact. 

The  lirst-class  olliccs  made  daily  ami  all  other  olllccs  weekly  returns 
of  heldfor-postage  matter.  Of  the  lL'!»,rt07  letters  received  at  the  dead 
letter  oltiee  during  the  six  months  ended  December  31,  LSSl,  ;5*J,470,  or 
25  per  cent.,  were  forwarded  to  addres.sees;  .S(»,5l)3,  or  <I2  jkt  cent.,  were 
returned  to  the  writers;  and  l.'}i)er cent.,  containing  no  clew  to  i<lentify 
the  writers,  were  destroyed.  The  deliveries,  therefore,  representetl  87 
per  cent,  of  the  total  number  received. 

The  Tostmaster  General's  order  of  ]SIay  11,  referred  to,  and  the  regu- 
lations made  in  pmsuance  thereof,  i)rovide  that  belbre  sending  held- 
for-postago  letters  to  the  dea<l  lett<'r  oWu-v  the  addressees  shall  be  given 
the  oi)p<)rtunity  of  securing  such  letters  direct  from  the  mailing  oftice 
upon  furnishing  the  amount  of  stamps  retjuired  to  stipjily  the  delicient 
jtostage,  in  compliance  with  notice  given  by  the  postmaster.  L'lmn 
failure  of  the  addressees  to  resixtnd  within  proper  time  the  letters  are 
to  be  sent  to  the  dead  letter  ollice,  as  re<iuired  by  law.  The  order  in- 
cludes insutlicieiitly  i)rei)aid  third  and  fourth  class  matter  within  it« 
]»rovi«ions,  but  it  does  not,  of  course,  apply  to  letters  or  other  matter 
which  bear  the  card  or  address  of  the  sender,  such  matter  being  returned 
immediately  to  the  party  mailing  it.  TIm>,  order  was  restricted  in  it.s 
operations  to  a  number  of  the  larger  olliccs — those  at  which  the  free  dc 
livery  systent  is  employed— as  it  could  not  rea.sonably  be  expected  that 
at  the  great  mass  of  the  snudler  olllees  the  work  woidd  be  done  with 
that  degree  of  intelligence  and  pnunptness  necessary  to  .secure  offlcienl 
results.  It  was  thought  best  to  draw  the  line,  for  the  present  at  least, 
at  the  free  delivery  olliccs,  it  having  been  asitertained  that  fully  15  i)er 
cent,  of  all  the  herd-ibr-postage  letters  re<'eived  at  the  dead  letter  ofllce 
iVom  that  class  (»f  olliccs  bori-  two  cent  stamps,  thus  exhibiting  a  great 
popular  inisai)pn'hension  of  the  tlifVerence,  between  the  rates  of  jH)sl«ge 
on  l«)cal  lettiMs  :ind  llio.se  addics.sed  to  other  post ollices. 

The  merits  of  the  new  plan  ate  obvious.  It  would  seem  (»nly  just  that 
(he  addres.see,  with  the  iiltimafe  liability  of  being  called  uptui  for  the 
delicient  postage,  shoidd  in  the  lirst  instanc<i  be  given  the  opportunity 
of  jtaving  it,  and  of  thus  securing  po.^scssion  at  the  earliest  possible 
moment  of  the  matter  detained.  And  it  adiiuts  of  no  (juestiiMi  that,  in 
thegreatmajority  of  cases,  matter  can  be  delivere«l  more  speedily  when 
sent  direct  from  the  mailing  olliccs  than  when  forwarded  i  niiuon 

center  (say  the  dead  letter  ollicei  io  which  it  must  llr>t  1  ■   .  -'d  for 

distribution. 


932  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

Tlio  change  was  received  with  great  favor,  which  has  been  fully  jus- 
tified by  its  results.  Iletiirns  have  been  received  from  97  of  the  free- 
delivery  ofQces  for  the  quarter  ended  September  30,  showing  that  out 
of  a  total  of  77,954  pieces  of  held  for-postage  matter  (letters  and  i)arcels) 
accruing  at  these  offices,  59,711  pieces  were  forwarded  to  addressees 
upon  receipt  of  the  deficient  postage;  11,767  were  sent  to  the  dead-let- 
ter office  ux)ou  failure  of  the  addressees  to  respond ;  and  0,476  received 
near  thQ  close  of  the  quarter  were  still  on  hand  awaiting  the  return  of 
notices.  Excluding  these  latter  leaves  the  number  of  pieces  finally 
treated  by  the  mailing  offices  during  the  quarter  at  71,478,  of  which 
those  forwarded  to  the  addressees  represented  about  84  per  cent.,  and 
those  sent  to  the  dead-letter  office  about  16  per  cent. 

The  large  proportion  of  direct  deliveries  from  the  mailing  offices  has 
exceeded  the  most  sanguine  expectations,  and  it  fully  sustains  the  theory 
upon  which  the  new  treatment  was  founded,  that  the  addressees  would 
willingly  pay  the  deficient  postage  rather  than  have  the^matter  go  to 
the  dead-letter  office,  the  notices  sent  to  them  presenting  that  alterna- 
tive. Ko  serious  obstacles  have  been  encountered  in  carrying  the  new 
order  into  practical  effect,  and  in  view  of  its  present  success  it  might 
be  advantageously  extended  to  a  still  larger  number  of  the  principal 
offices. 

DIVISION   OF  REGISTRATION. 

The  total  number  of  letters  and  parcels  forwarded  by  registered  mail 
during  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30, 1882,  was  9,627,922,  as  follows : 

Domestic  letters 7,200,118 

Domestic  parcels  of  third  and  fourth  class  matter 799,479 

Lett«rs  to  foreign  countries 393,107 

Parcels  of  thiid  and  fourth  class  matter  to  foreign  countries 22,275 

Official  letters  and  packages  forwarded  by  the  government.  andbyla>s'  ex- 
empt from  the  payment  of  registry  fees 1,212,943 

Total 9,267,922 

The  amount  of  registry  fees  collected  was  $841,497.90,  an  increase  over 
the  luevious  year  of  $128,615.70,  or  18.04  per  cent.  The  increase  in  the 
total  number  of  letters  and  parcels  registered  was  1,289,004,  or  15.46 
per  cent.  Subdividing  this  total,  the  increase  in  the  number  of  letters, 
domestic  and  foreign,  for  the  j)ublic  was  1,121,375,  or  17.33  per  cent. ; 
of  parcels  of  third  and  fourth  class  matter,  domestic  and  foreign,  for 
the  public  164,782,  or  25.08  per  cent.;  and  of  letters  and  parcels  for  the 
government,  only  2,847,  or  about  one-fifth  of  one  per  cent.  The  increase 
of  registry  business  for  the  public  was  thus  a  little  over  18  per  cent. 
Statistics  more  in  detail  will  be  found  in  tables  numbered  from  16  to  19 
accompanying  this  report. 

LOSSES. 

During  the  year  7,082  registered  letters  and  parcels  were  reported  to 
the  cliief  inspector  as  having  been  lost  or  tampered  with.  Of  these 
4,076  were  found  to  have  been  delivered,  or  satisfactorily  accounted  for, 
and  2,513  are  still  undergoing  investigation,  leaving  the  actual  losses  as 
far  as  ascertained  at  493  cases.  The  losses  were  due  to  a  variety  of 
causes,  such  as  fire,  burglary,  highway  robbery,  theft,  &:c.  If  the  cases 
still  under  investigation  should  result  in  the  same  proportion  of  loss  as 
those  that  have  been  closed,  the  total  losses  for  the  year  will  number 
726,  or  one  out  of  every  13,262  pieces  mailed.  This  is  an  unusually 
small  proportion  of  loss,  and  it  is  to  be  taken  in  evidence  of  the  increased 
efficiency  of  the  registry  service.    Fuller  details  respecting  the  subject 


REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL.        933 

of  losses  will  be  found  in  the  report  of  the  chief  i>ost-oflice  in8i)ector. 
Great  credit  is  due  to  the  insi)ector.s  for  the  enerjry,  fidelity,  judgement, 
and  care  with  which  they  have  treated  the  cases  rei)ort«'cl  to  them  for 
investigation. 

THROUGH-POUCH  SYSTEM. 

The  system  of  exchanj;ing  refrist^red  matter  in  bulk  between  the 
larger  ottiees  by  means  of  locked  pouches  was  extended  to  19  oflices  and 
discontinued  at  IT),  leaving  it  in  operati(m  at  ll'J  oflices  at  the  close  of  the 
year.  Tlie  new  tell-tale  or  rotary  lock,  referred  to  in  my  report  of  \as.\ 
year,  was  put  into  use  early  in  tlie  ])reseiit  ealeinlar  year,  and  it  is 
proving  a  valuable  instrument  to  the  t^irough-i)ouch  system,  eft'wtiug 
a  great  saving  of  clerical  htbor  in  dispensing  with  the  necessity  of  exam- 
ining and  recording  the  eontents  of  througli  jMjuehes  when  lying  over 
in  transit  at  intermediate  through-i)ouch  otiices.  The  system  continues 
to  operate,  satisfactorily  wherev»'r  it  is  emph)yed;  inde«'d,  in  view  of 
the  great  volume  which  the  business  has  now  attained  it  ha.s  become 
almost  indispensable  to  the  nuichinery  of  the  registry  system. 

BRASS  LOCK  REGISTRY  EXCHANGE  SYSTEM. 

The  brass  lock  registry  exchange  system,  establislied  some  three 
years  since  for  exchanges  on  the  important  lines  of  star  service,  is  still 
in  successful  operation.  It  was  emi)loyed  at  1 KJ  olliees  at  the  close  of 
the  year.  It  has  ])roven  a  most  \  aiuable  auxiliary  to  the  thrctngh-iM)ueh 
system  on  the  railroads,  to  which  it  in  general  corresponds.  Its  es- 
sential features  were  explained  in  my  ix'ports  of  the  la.st  two  years. 

INTERNATIONAL  REGISTERED  THROUGH-POUCH   EXCHANGE. 

For  a  long  period  the  department  experienced  much  embarrassment 
from  the  defective  system  of  exchanges  of  the  registered  mails  with  the 
eastern  portion  of  the  Dominicni  of  Canada.    ()v«'r  a  porti(»n  of  the  route 
of  transmission,  such  mails  were  not  in  tlu'  special  cust<Mly  of  a  postal 
employe  of  either  country,  as  is  coutemplaied   l»y  the  tinnlam«-ntal  i«lea 
of  our  registry  system.     From  Montreal,  ('ana<la,  to  Saint  Albans.  \t., 
the  registered  pouches,  fastened  with  a  h'ad  seal,  wen'  sent  in  a  L'nite^l 
States  Treasury  bonded  car.      From  Saint   Allians  to  Saint  ArmanWs. 
Canada,  in  the  other  direction,  they  were  i)la<ed  in  the  compartment  of 
a  car  and  locke<l  with  an  iron  lock.     (Ireat  delays  w«Me  also  sulb-n'd  in 
making  connections,  and,  with   the  insecnrity   attending  the  s\st«'m. 
formed  the  subject  of  fre<|uent  complaints.      An  entire   ret;istered  mail 
was  lost  on  the   Canada  side  of  the   border,  in  the  m<»nth  of  October. 
1880,  and  not  a  trace  of  it  could  subs«M|nently  be  iliscoveretl.      C«)riv 
spoudemjc  failed  to  secure  better  arrangements,  ami  the  evil  Un-ame  so 
urgent  as  to  call  imperatively  for  a  remedy.      Witii  this  end  in  view  a 
conference  was  held  at  .Montreal  in  SeptendMT,  1>S1,  betw«»en  represent 
atives  of  the  Canadian  Postal  Department  and  Assistant  Railway  .Mail 
Superinten«lent  Moses,  detailed  to  this  ollicc  tor  duty  in  connection  with 
the  registry  system,  and  ntyself,  at  which  the  details  of  u  plan  of  inter 
national  registiy  exchanges  were  arranged,  and  subsequently  formall.N 
ratitied  by  the  i)ostmasters  general  of  the  two  countries,  to  take  efltn-t 
January  i,  18Si,'.     In  agreeing  to  tin-  new  international  < 
tem.  the  Canadian  authorities  so  far  varied  fn»m  their  dc 
as  to  nuike  it  conform  in  general  to  the  mctluMls  employcti  \n  !ii«    i.  . 
try  service  of  this  country.     Among  the  print  ii»al  features  of  the  ;  > 


934  PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 

plan  is  the  personal  custody  of  pouclies  by  sworn  employes  of  tbe  two 
countries;  a  complete  diiiiu  of  receipts  and  records  from  employe  to 
erai)loy6  between  terminal  i)oints;  tlie  use  of  tbe  tell-tale  or  rotary  lock, 
and  of  tbe  manifold  tbronj^b-poncli  bill  witb  coupon  attacbment;  and 
tbe  gatbering  and  distribution  of  registered  mail  to  and  from  tbrougb- 
l)Oucb  centers,  according  to  our  domestic  through-pouch  system.  Each 
country  furnishes  its  own  pouches,  locks,  and  other  equipments.  The 
lock  used  by  tbe  Canadian  authorities  is  on  tbe  same  principle  as  that 
adopted  in  this  country  anil  already  referred  to  in  another  portion  of 
this  report.  Locks  of  both  countries  are  embossed  with  the  name  of  the 
country  of  ownership. 

In  addition  to  the  security,  a  great  saving  of  time  has  been  effected 
by  tbe  new  arrangement.  For  instance,  the  former  time  for  registered 
exchanges  from  New  York  to  Montreal  was  58  hours  and  25  minutes, 
and  now  it  is  24  hours  and  50  minutes,  a  reduction  in  time  of  33  hours 
and  35  minutes.  From  Montreal  to  JS'ew  York  the  former  time  of  30 
hours  has  been  reduced  to  25  hours  and  22  minutes,  a  saving  of  10  hours 
and  38  minutes. 

The  eastern  portion  of  the  United  States  has  been  districted  by  i)ub- 
lished  schemes  defining  tbe  respective  limits  of  territory  within  which 
registered  mails  should  be  sent  to  and  received  from  Canada  through 
the  international  registry  exchange  offices  of  Xew  York,  Boston,  Saint 
Albans,  and  Buffalo,  with  exceptions  for  Ogdensburgh,  N.  Y.,  and  Island 
Pond,  Vt.  Similar  schemes  have  also  been  arranged  by  the  Canadian 
authorities  for  collecting  and  distributing  the  through  registry  mails 
in  their  country. 

On  the  basis  of  a  count  for  one  quarter,  the  estimated  number  of 
registered  pieces  exchanged  during  the  year  1881  between  Boston  and 
Montreal  was  12,000;  between  Xew  York  and  Montreal,  1G,000;  between 
Island  Pond,  Yt.,  and  points  in  Canada,  15,000.  A  large  increase  on 
these  figures  has  already  resulted  from  the  better  system  of  exchanges, 
and  from  tbe  addition  of  new  territory  to  each  of  the  through-pouch 
centers.  Correspondence  is  now  in  progress  looking  to  the  extension  of 
the  eastern  system  of  exchanges  to  tbe  western  portion  of  the  country. 
This  accomplished,  the  system  of  registry  exchanges  between  the  two 
countries  will  be  comi)lete. 

GENERAL. 

Attention  was  directed  in  my  report  of  last  year  to  the  almost  com- 
I)lete  remodeling  of  the  registry  system  during  the  previous  four  years. 
A  summary  was  given  of  the  principal  changes  that  had  been  made, 
through  which  the  machinery  was  simplified,  tbe  work  greatly  lessened, 
and  the  security  encbanced.  An  extraordinary  increase  of  business  was 
pointed  out  to  show  the  poiiular  appreciation  of  the  efforts  made  to  im- 
prove tbe  service.  Special  mention  was  made  by  tbe  Postmaster-Gen- 
eral in  his  report  of  the  great  growth  and  satisfactory  condition  of  the 
service,  and  they  were  favorably  commented  upon  by  the  President  in 
his  regular  annual  message  to  Congress. 

The  registry  system  was  established  by  act  of  Congress  of  March 
3,  1855.  After  being  four  years  in  operation,  the  receipts  from  this 
source  dwindled  from  $31,406.50  tbe  first  year,  ended  elune  30,  1856,  to 
$25,038.70  for  tbe  year  ended  June  30,  1800.  In  his  report  for  the  last- 
mentioned  year  the  Postmaster-General,  in  a  most  elaborate  article,  rec- 
ommended that  the  system  be  discontiniied,  a  recommendation  that,  in 
view  of  the  present  great  utility  and  prosperity  of  tbe  system,  was 
happily  not  carried  out.    For  the  year  .ended  June  30, 1877,  ithe  amount 


REPORT  OP  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL.         935 

of  registry  fees  collected  ^vas  $'j07,1j8.8U.  The  amount  collected  from 
this  source  during  the  hist  liscal  year  was  8S4],4!>7.1i(),  an  increase  over 
the  amount  for  the  year  1877  of  ii*i74,0.j9.10,  or  a  httle  more  than  12*J  per 
cent.  Tlie  receij)ts  from  registration  have  thus  much  more  than  doubled 
within  the  i)ast  live  years,  while  the  general  receipts  of  the  jiostul  ser- 
vice have  been  more  than  thirteen  years  iii  attaining  a  similar  rate  of 
increase.  Tlie  recent  extraordinary  growth  of  the  registry  service  is 
especially  gratifying,  both  because  of  the  long  period  that  the  system 
has  been  in  operation,  and  because  the  work  is  done  at  a  handsome 
profit.  Xot  only  do  the  registry  fees  more  than  compensate  for  the 
labor  imposed  by  registration,  but  an  additional  profit  is  in  the  postage 
on  valuable  letters  that  would  never  be  entruste<l  to  the  mails  excej)t 
for  the  security  afforded  by  the  registry  system.  For  example,  a  single 
registered  ])arcel  mailc<l  in  IMiiladelphia  in  September  bore,  besides  a 
ten-cent  stamp  for  the  registry  fee,  $127.00  in  stamps  to  prepay  postage 
at  letter  rates. 

Evidence  of  the  great  values  entrusted  to  the  registered  mails  ■will 
be  found  in  Table  No.  17  attached  to  this  report,  from  which  it  will  a])- 
pear  that  during  the  last  year  the  Treasury  alone  forwarded  81,.335  reg- 
istered ]>arcels  containing  Qnited  States  bonds,  currency,  couj)ons,  coin, 
internal  revenue  stamps,  &c.,  reinesenting  a  value  of  $.">14, 778,2-37.57. 
Of  this  immense  sum  not  a  penny  was  lost,  so  far  as  is  now  known. 

Dn'ISION  OF  FILES,   RECORDS,  AND  MAILS. 

The  number  of  letters  and  other  inclosures  received,  opened,  and  ex- 
amined «luring  the  year  Avas  1,102,500.  Among  these  were  1,0<J2  that 
contained  money,  and  4,340  that  contained  stami)S,  envelopes,  and  pos- 
tal cards  returned  for  redem]>tion.  Of  the  letters  received  .30,483  were 
brief<'d  and  recorded,  and  fih'd  after  final  action  had  been  taken  on 
them.  The  number  of  letters  written  in  the  oflice,  copied,  enveloi»ed, 
and  mailed  was  12,40"). 

Very  i"esi)ectfullv,  vour  obedient  servant, 

A.  D.  lIAZIiX, 
Third  Assistant  rostmaster-Ocneral. 
Hon.  T.  O.  UowE, 

Postmaster-General. 


No.  1. — ExplanaMon  of  estimates  of  appropriations  for  the  oflice  of  the  Third 
l'oHtmantpr-G eneral  for  the  Jiscal  i/tar  tndiinj  June  'M,  Ifs^. 


Aitiitant 


I. — ADUKSIVE  POSTAGE  PTAMl'S. 


For  iiiaimfactnre  of  onlinarj  poutaKe  stampn,  of  offleiftl  stamps,  of  news- 
paper and  porio(lii-al  ntaiups,  and  of  postage-diio  stumps 9130,000  00 

Tim  number  of  lliese  stamps  i.tsiicd  during  the  fiHcal  year  ended  Jnno 

::i»,  IHSJ,  w.aH l.i:i0,470,O'v'i 

Add  I'i  ]H!r  cout.  lor  incro:iso 1^'j, 0.'>(i,  410 

Gives  estimated  issue  for  fiscal  year  ending  Jauo  30,  1&?3 l,'J<>fi,  l'.J«5,4".W 

Add  I'i  per  cent,  for  increa.so,  as  beforo l.'il, '.»;{.'►,  ITl' 

Gives  estimated  number  required  for  fiscal  year  ending  .Juno  30,  18t)4..   1,418,CC1,C77 

Cost  of  manufacturing   that  number  at  prcjicut  contract  price,  {'.19 
rents  per  tlionsaud ■-  '   -<'» 

The  incrensc  in  the  nnmbor  of  adhesive  stamps  of  all  kinds  issued  durii 
year  ended  on  tliti  lluth  of  June  la«t  was  a  little  over  17  per  cent.;  bnt  tin 
crease  was  an  abnormal  one,  duo  in  part  to  au  uunsual  prosperity  in  the  t 


936  PAPERS  ACCOMPANyiNa  THE 

tercstHOl'  tho  country,  jind  in  pari;  to  a  8i)ecial  cause  wliicli  was  explained  in  tlie  report 
of  last  year  (pp.  ;i54  and  361  Kcport  of  Postmaster  General  for  Ibbl).  Under  ordinary 
eonditioua  it  would  hardly  be  reasonable  to  expect  an  annual  increase  of  more  than 
12  per  cent.,  and  accordingly  tho  issues  of  tho  last  year  have  been  auj^mented  at  that 
rate  to  arrive  at  the  probable  number  required  for  the  ensuing  liscal  year.  The  pres- 
ent contract  does  not  expire  until  the  30th  of  June,  1885,  and  this  estimate  has  conse- 
quently been  governed  by  existing  prices.  The  estimate  has,  however,  been  placed 
in  even  figures  at  $130,000.  Tho  appropriation  for  the  curreiit  year  is  $109,000;  bat 
from  present  indications  this  amount  will  hardly  be  sufficient  to'rneet  the  demands  of 
the  yeai-. 

II.— POSTAGE  STAMP  AGENCY. 

For  pay  of  agent  and  assistants  to  distribute  stamps,  and  for  expenses  of 
the  agency $8,100  00 

This  estimate  agrees  in  amount  with,  the  appropriation  for  the  present  year. 

111. — STAMPED  ENVELOPES,  NEWSPAPER  WRAPPERS,  AND  LETTER  SHEETS. 

For  manufacture  of  stamped  envelopes,  newspaper  wrappers,  and  letter 
sheets $632,000  00 

The  cost  of  the  stamped  envelopes  and  wrappers  issued  during  the  fiscal 
year  ended  June  30,  1882,  at  the  prices  in  the  contract  which  took 
effect  October  1,  1882,  would  amount  to 477,960  08 

Add  15  per  cent,  for  increase 71,694  01 

Gives  estimated  cost  at  same  prices  for  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1883..-  549, 654  09 
Add  15  per  eent.  for  increase,  as  before 82,448  11 

Gives  estimated  cost  for  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1884 632, 102  20 

The  appropriation  for  the  current  year  is 547,000  00 

'  The  actual  cost  of  stamped  envelopes  and  wrappers  issued  during  the  last  fiscal  year 
was  $510,399.45;  but  a  new  contract  was  entered  into  for  four  years  from  the  1st  of 
October,  1882,  at  an  average  reduction  of  nearly  seven  per  cent,  in  previous  prices,  and 
the  calculations  in  this  estimate  have  accordingly  been  made  upon  the  basis  of  the 
new  prices.  The  increase  in  the  number  of  envelopes  and  wrappers  issued  during 
the  last  fiscal  year  over  that  of  the  previous  year  was  nearly  13  per  cent.,  but  as  the 
reduced  prices  are  likely  to  largely  augment  the  demand,  allowance  has  been  made  for 
an  annual  increase  of  15  per  cent,  in  the  issues.  By  law  the  cost  of  procuring  stamped 
envelopes  is  added  to  the  postage  value  in  fixing  the  schedule  of  prices  to  the  public, 
and  the  expenditure  under  this  head  is  consequently  refunded  to  the  government  when 
the  envelopes  are  sold.  Authority  was  granted  by  the  sundry  civil  appropriation  act 
passed  at  the  late  session  of  Congress,  to  use  the  appropriation  for  stamped  envelopes 
for  the  current  year  for  the  ijurchase  of  stamped  letter  sheets  (combined  letter  sheet 
and  enveli>pe)  not  previously  furnished.  No  arrangements  have  as  yet  been  made  for 
procuring  these  article*,  but  they  may  be  introduced  before  the  close  of  the  year,  and 
in  view  of  that  event  it  is  deemed  advisable  to  include  them  in  the  estimate  for 
stamped  envelopes  for  the  coming  year. 

IV.— STAMPED  ENVELOPE  AGENCY, 

For  pay  of  agent  and  assistants  to  distribute  stamped  envelopes  and  news- 
paper wrappers,  and  for  expenses  of  agency $16, 000  Oo 

This  estimate  agrees  in  amount  with  the  appropriation  for  the  jiresent  fiscal  year. 

v.— POSTAL  CARDS. 

For  manufacture  of 2)ostal  cards $253,000  00 

The  total  number  of  postal  cards  issued  during  the  fiscal  year  ended 

June  30,  1882,  was 351,498,000 

Add  15  per  cent,  for  increase 52,724,700 

Gives  estimated  number  for  year  ending  June  30,  1688 404,222,700 

Add  15  per  cenii  for  increase 60,633,405 

Gives  estimate(3  number  for  year  ending  June  30,  1884 464, 856, 105 


REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL.         937 

Tlie  cost  of  nianufactuiiiij^  these  ai-ticles,  at  the  present  contract  price  of 
r>4.4:i  cents  per  thousand,  is fa53,0"21  17 


The  appropriation  for  the  jiresent  fiscal  yeai*  is "M-i,  WO  W 

The  issue  of  postal  cards  has  fluctnatiHl  widely  durius^tlio  past  few  yeai-s.  For  lfC9 
the  ratio  of  increase  was  ]0.5.'>  i)er  c^-nt. ;  f<»r  l-v-^).  vW.i^U  por  cent. ;  for  l?^!,  13.20  \nr 
cent.,  and  for  Ititi'i,  UJ.IKJ  pf-r  com.  It  will  probal)ly  1)«'  Kiitllc.ient  to  allow  for  an  an- 
nual increase  of  ir>  pci-  cent.,  as  has  been  done  in  the  forej^oinj^  estiuiato.  The  pres- 
ent contract  is  fur  four  years  ending  ou  the  :{Oth  June,  Itfef), 

VI.— POSTAT  CARD  AGENCY. 

For  pay  of  agent  and  assistants  to  distribute  postal  cards,  and  for  exi>eii8e8 
of  the  agency i*7.  300  00 

This  estimate  agrees  with  the  present  appropriation. 

VII. — REGISTERED  PACKAGE,   POST-OFKICi:,    XSD  DEAD  t£TTER  ENVELOPES. 

For  registered  package,  post-ollice,  and  dead  letter  envelopes |14O,O00 

The  re^isterexl  package  envelopes  are  large  inanila  envelopes  used  for  inclosing 
registered  Icttere  and  oiher  registered  matter,  for  safer  transuiission ;  the  post-ollico 
envelopes  are  for  the  use  of  postmasters  in  their  otiicial  correspondence  ;  and  the  dead- 
letter  envcilojies  are  used  for  retumitig  lettere  from  tlie  Dead-Lett-er  Ortice  to  tho 
^Tiiters.  The  contract  for  these  envelopes  is  awarded  for  one  year  only,  beginning 
on  the  1st  of  July  of  each  year,  and  present  prices,  therefore,  afford  no  ahtwilut*.^ 
criterion  in  making  estimates  for  future  ajjiiroprialious.  The  prices  for  the  year 
ended  on  tho  30th  of  Jijue  last  were  unusually  low,  so  that  the  issues  for  the  year  cost 
only  ^'2,474..')3.  At  tho  jiriees  in  the  contract  for  the  i)ro8ent  year  the  sjime  issues 
would  have  cost  §!y8,173.83.  The  total  number  of  these  various  kinds  of  envelopes 
issned  during  the  fiscal  year  ended  on  the  30th  of  Juue  last  was  3o,5dl,r>r>0,  an  increase 
of  G,7b3,100,  or  23.5  per  cent.,  over  the  i-v<;nes  of  the  previous  year.  At  the  same  rate 
of  increase  for  the  present  and  next  fiscal  years  the  issues  for  the  year  ending  June 
30,  1884,  would  number  54,26i<.8«i0,  and  would  cost,  on  tlu^  basis  of  existiug  contract 
prices,  !Jil49,737.17.  Allowing  for  an  increase  of  20  per  cent,  in  the  is.sues,  the  cost  at 
present  prices  w  ould  amount  to  -SMI, 1570.31.  The  major  |>orti(m  of  the  uppropriatitm  in 
expended  for  envelopes  for  registry  business,  and  for  several  years  past  this  service 
has  be»'u  increasing  very  nearly  at  the  rate  of  20  ]>er  cent,  per  annum.  It  is  projKT 
to  sjiy  that  the  contract  for  these  envelopes,  like  that  for  stamin-d  envfjoiies,  has  Ix-en 
awarded  to  the  lowest  l»idder,  after  public  advertisement,  and  uix>n  suiniJles  furnished 
by  the  department.  Tho  estimate  is  placed  in  even  figures  at  igl40,000.  The  appro- 
priation for  tho  current  year  is  ?110,OW. 

VJII. — SlUr,  STKAMllUAT,  AND    WAV    LKlTEItS. 

l^or  ship,  steamboat,  and  way  letters $1,500 

By  law  (scitions  ■.'.'.•13,  3l»7i].  31i77,  3978.  IJevised  Statut«'s)  this  appropriation  is  neces- 
sary for  the  ))aymeiit  to  nnislers  or  owners  of  vessels  not  regnhirly  engaged  in  traiut- 
I>orting  the  mails  i'm-  letters  brought  and  delivere<l  to  post-olliees  on  arrival  in  port 
for  transmission  fo  destinalion.  The  parties  rf«ceiving  the  lett4<rs  aixi  n.-<ininHl  to  nay, 
in  addition  t<>  the  regular  postage,  tho  amounts  ])aid  to  said  masters  or  owuers.  whieh 
amounts  ai-e  eonse<|ueiitlv  refunib-d  ti>  tln^  <lepnitment.  The  e\j)«>ndittin?  for  the  last 
fiscal  year  was  si. 441. 3>^,' lor  L--1  it  was  ^.KKi.ltC.,  and  for  1k«iO  it  was  ;tfl,:kVi.:.l.  The 
apprupriation  for  the  cuiTcnt  \i  :ir  is  ,vl..'u(i.  .nul  ili<'  .mini.ite  for  tin-  next  fiscal  year 
i<s  placed  at  tho  same  figures. 

IX. — ENCRAVINO,    riMMIMi,    AM>    I'.IM'IM.    DKVli-     \M'    w  vUKANTS. 

For  engraving,  juinting,  anil  binding  drafts  and  warrants f2,000 

This  apjiropriation  is  for  the  )uirchHHe  <>f  warrants  and  drafts  used  for  paymc-utii  to 
creditors,  transfers  of  fuiuls  to  and  from  poNlmnsiers,  an<l  eoileetions  of  balanre^  due 
tlie  (iejiartment.  The  warrants  and  drafts  an-  prejiared  and  furnished  by  the  Hufpau 
of  Engraving  and  Printing  of  the  Tn-anury  Depariment.  The  c<xpenditun«  on  this 
account  during  tho  last  liscal  year  was  $l,(;44.:v.'.,  and  in  view  of  the  uianifestly  In- 
creasing needs  the  estimate  for  ilie  ensuing  year  is  pl.ieinl  at  $2,000. 

\. — MISCELLANEOUS. 

For  mi.scellaueous  items Sl.WXl 

This  estimate  is  for  tlie  same  au\ount  as  the  appropriation  forthecurtvutlUcal  year. 


938  PAPERS   ACCOMi»ANYING   THE 


EEPOKT  OF  THE    SUPERINTENDENT  OP  THE  POSTAL 
MONEY-ORDER  SYSTEM. 

Post-Office  DEPART]>1ENT, 
Office  of  Superintendent  of  Money-Order  System, 

Washi7ifjton,  I).  C,  October  25,  1882. 

Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  herewith  a  report  of  tlie  operations 
of  the  postal  money-order  system  of  the  United  States  ibr  the  fiscal  year 
ended  June  30, 1882.  Durinj^  that  year  the  public  employed  the  money- 
order  system,  which  affords  absolute  security  for  remittances  by  mail, 
to  a  greater  extent  than  in  any  like  period  since  its  incei)tion.  This  in- 
crease, W'hich  is  more  than  half  again  as  large  as  the  increase  shown  by 
the  operations' of  the  year  1880-1881,  appears  the  more  worthy  of  com- 
ment in  view  of  the  fact  that  for  some  months  one  of  the  express  com- 
panies has  maintained  a  money-order  system  of  its  own,  Avhich  is  made 
available  to  the  public,  by  arrangement,  throttgh  the  offices  and  agencies 
of  several  other  comi^anies. 

NUMBER  OF  DOMESTIC  MONEY-ORDER  OFFICES. 

There  were  established  during  the  fiscal  year  340  domestic  money- 
order  ofQces,  and  12  offices  were  discontinued.  Since  June  30,  1882, 
449  additional  post-offices  have  been  authorized  to  commence  moneys 
order  business,  and  one  office  has  been  discontinued;  so  that  there  are 
in  operation  at  the  date  of  this  report  5,939  domestic  money-order 
offices. 

ISSUES  AND  PAYMENTS  OF  DOIMESTIC  IMONEY'-  ORDERS. 

The  number  of  domestic  money  orders  issued  during  tlie  year  wa-s 

8,419,869,  of  the  aggregate  value  of .*113.400,118  21 

And  the  number  of  such  orders  paid  during  same 
period  was  8,401,()G8,  amounting  to $112,  COG,  295  84 

In  addition  to  which,  orders  of  the  value  of 783,  006  06 

Were  repaid  to  the  remitters  thereof,  making  the  total  amount  of  pay- 
ments and  repayments 113,393,301  90 

And  the  excess  of  issues  overpayments  only §11,816  31 

The  gross  amount  of  the  fees  received  by  postmasters  from  the  public 
for  the  issue  of  domestic  money  orders  was $1, 053,  710  55 

This  statement  exhibits  an  increase  over  the  transactions  of  the  pre- 
vious year  of  $8,324,348.80,  or  7.92  per  cent.,  in  the  amount  of  orders 
issued;  an  increase  of  88,463,448.29,  or  8.07  per  cent,  in  the  amount  of 
orders  paid  and  repaid;  and  a  gain  of  886,977.80,  or  nearly  9  per  cent., 
in  the  amount  of  fees  received  from  the  public. 

The  average  amount  of  the  orders  issued  was  $13.47,  or  24  cents 
smaller  than  during  the  fiscal  year  1880-1881,  and  the  average  fee  was 
12.51  cents,  being  -^  of  a  cent  less  than  the, average  fee  of  the  preced- 
ing year. 

It  is  proper  to  remark  upon  the  very  small  excess  of  the  orders  issued 
over  the  orders  paid  during  the.year,  and  to  state,  in  that  connection, 
that  the  department  has  recently  issued  instructions  to  postmasters 
concerning  a  system  which  it  has  devised  for  effecting  payment  of  the 
amounts  of  unclaimed  money  orders.  At  the  close  of  every  month  post- 
masters are  now  required  to  notify  the  payee  of  every  money  order, 
which,  as  shown  by  the  corresponding  advice  on  file,  was  unpaid  at  the 
end  of  the  previous  month,  to  present  his  order  for  payment,  or,  if  it 
has  been  lost,  to  cause  his  correspondent,  the  remitter,  to  apply  for  a 
duplicate. 


REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL.         989 

In  order  to  assure  propor  ])ayineiit  Urn  oUke  of  the  Paymastfi-Geu- 
eral  of  the  Ariny  has  for  a  uuuiber  of  years  avaih-d  itself  of  the  money- 
order  system  in  i)ayiu;;  chiims  against  the  United  States  for  tho 
services  of  colored  sohliers  of  the  hite  war.  The  amount  of  ordei-s 
issued  for  this  purpose  during- the  last  year,  and  transmitted,  as  a  pre- 
cautionary measure,  through  the  oQice  of  the  superiutendent  of  the 
money-order  system  to  the  i)ayin{,'  postmasters,  was  $16,400.72,  as 
agaiust  $14,512.45  for  the  previous  iiscal  year. 

DUPLICATE  MONEY  ORDERS. 

Annexed  to  this  report  will  be  found  a  classified  statement,  Table  B, 
of  the  duplicate  orders  issued  during  tho  year  by  the  office  of  the  super- 
intendent of  the  money-order  system,  tho  number  of  such  dnplicates 
being  21,5)34,  or  3,543  more  than  during  the  i)receding  year.  Dujjlicate 
orders  are  issued  without  charge  to  the  public,  under  authority  of  law, 
whenever  the  original  order  has  from  any  cause  been  lost  or  destroyed, 
or  has  been  invalidated  by  the  operation  of  law,  either  by  not  being 
presented  for  i)aymeut  within  one  year  from  the  date  of  issue  or  by  re- 
ceiving moie  than  one  indorsement.  They  are  also  granted  to  remitters 
when,  in  pursuan<'e  of  section  4ti41,  lievised  Statutes  of  the  United 
States,  the  Postmaster-General  has  i)ro]iibite<l  payment  of  the  original 
orders  <lrawn  in  favor  of  fraudulent  lottery  comjianies,  or  of  i)ersous 
engaged  in  conducting  schemes  or  devices  for  obtaining  money  through 
the  mails  by  means  of  false  or  fraudulent  pretenses,  representations,  or 
j>romises. 

DRAFTS  AND  TRANSFERS. 

By  regulation  it  is  made  the  special  duty  of  a  postmaster  to  provide 
as  far  as  i)ossible  against  delay  in  the  i)ayment  of  money  orders.  But 
the  current  of  business  at  many  offices  is  such  that  the  am(tunt  of 
money-orders  i)resented  for  payment  is  c*iitinuously  or  occasionally  in 
excess  of  the  gross  amount  of  funds  received  from  the  issued  onlers;  so 
that  postmasters  at  such  oflices  are  authorized  and  instructed  to  trans- 
fer, when  occasion  requires,  a  sufficient  amount  to  i)ay  orders  froni  the 
]>ostago  to  the  money-order  fund.  The  total  amount  of  siu'h  transfers 
during  the  last  lis(;al  year  was  >'1)05,7()7.81,  while  f(U"  the  same  ])eriod  the 
sum  of  $287,6U1).S1  was  retransfcrred  to  the  i)ostage  from  the  money  order 
account.  The  balance  in  favor  of  the  postage  account,  $<I1 8,007.80, 
has  been  refunded  by  a  deposit  in  tho  Treasury  for  the  ])Ostal  service, 
made  September  20,  1882. 

When  the  jmstage  funds  are  not  available  or  are  insnllicient  for  money- 
order  ])nrposes,  if  east  of  the  llocky  Mountains,  i»ost masters  are  given 
a  credit  with  the  i)ostmaster  at  New  York,  upon  which  tln'y  may  «lraw; 
if  upon  the  l'acili(;  slop*-,  funds  are  supplied  by  the  ]>ostmast<'r  at  San 
Francisco,  Cal.,  or  by  the  ])ostmaster  at  r«)rtland,  On'g.  In  the  last 
lis<^al  year  tlu^  total  amount  of  drafts  drawn  again>;t  credits  at  New 
York  was  ><I0,82;{,2()0.'.m;,  while  tlie  San  Francisco  office  furnished  the 
sum  of  $241,050  to  neighboring  post-offices,  and  the  Portland  office  the 
sum  of  $14,120. 

KKMITTANCE.S   OP   SURPLUS   MONEVT-tlllDKU   FUNDS. 

The  total  amount  of  the  remittances  of  surplus  funds — that  is,  funds 
which  were  not  at  once  nee<led  at  the  remitting  otUces  for  the  paymeut 
of  orders — was,  for  the  fiscal  year,  $1U5,0S4, 110.04. 

LOST  REMITTANCES. 

From  Table  (',  annexed  to  this  rei)ort,  it  apjiears  that  119  cases  of 
allegetl  loss  of  reujittances  of  surplus  money-order  funds  were  the  sub- 


940  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

ject  of  investigatiou  during-  the  year.  Fifty-two  of  tliese  cases,  aggre- 
gating $G,049,  occurred  in  the  previous  year,  in  which  miniber  are  in- 
cluded tl)e  4.'i  cases,  amounting  to  ii55,940,  which  remained  unsettled  at 
the  end  of  that  year,  and  the  remaining  9  cases,  involving  $701,  were 
not  brought  to  the  notice  of  the  department  until  after  June  30,  1881. 
Nine  cases,  in  value  $1,105,  allowed  during  the  year  to  the  credit  of  the 
postmasters  by  whom  the  remittances  were  made,  form  the  item  of  ex- 
pense, "lost  remittances,"  in  the  table  hereinafter  given  showing  the 
revenues  and  expenses  of  the  domestic  money-order  system.  The  sum 
of  $2,829,  the  gross  amount  involved  in  19.65  cases,  was  recovered  by 
post-office  inspectors  during  the  year;  the  department  declined  to  allow 
credit  in  5  cases,  aggregating  $134;  and  in  6  cases  it  was  subsequently 
ascertained  that  no  loss  had  been  incurred.  There  remained  79.35  cases, 
amounting  to  $9,040.45,  unsettled  at  the  close  of  the  year. 

ERKONEOUS  PAYMENTS  OF  MONEY  ORDERS. 

The  claims  presented  during  the  year  for  reimbursement  because  of 
the  alleged  erroneous  payment  of  money  orders  numbered  48,  their 
ratio  to  the  total  number  of  orders  paid  being  as  1  to  175034. 

The  whole  number  of  cases  under  investigation  during  the  year  was 
95,  aggregating  $2,579.27,  in  which  are  included  35  cases,  amounting  to 
$962.19,  which  were  unsettled  at  the  close  of  the  last  year,  while  12 
other  payments  occurred  during  that  year,  but  were  not  brought  to 
the  attention  of  the  Post-Omce  Department  until  after  June  30,  1881; 
$573.74,  the  total  amount  of  27  cases,  were  recovered  by  inspectors  of 
the  department  and  i)aid  over  to  the  true  payees  of  the  respective 
orders.  In  12  cases,  the  orders  amounting  together  to  $316.70,  the 
postmasters  who  made  payment  were  adjudged  at  fault  and  held  re- 
sponsible for  their  lack  of  precaution ;  tlie  owners  of  the  orders,  who 
were  alone  to  blame  in  2  cases,  of  the  value  of  $35,  were  required  to 
stand  the  loss;  in  2  cases  the  loss  of  $60  was  assumed  by  the  Post- 
Ofifice  Department,  the  postmaster  at  the  office  of  payment  having  been 
found  blameless;  and  in  8  cases  the  sums  involved  were  found  to  have 
been  correctly  paid  in  the  first  instance ;  44  claims,  of  the  total  amount 
of  $1,315.48,  were  unsettled  on  June  30,  1882. 

REVENUES  AND  EXPENSES. 

The  following  is  the  Auditor's  report  of  the  receijits  and  expenses  of 
the  domestic  money-order  system  for  the  last  fiscal  year : 

Receipts: 

Fees  on  orders  issued - lilil,  053,710  u5 

Premjums,  &c 828  07 

5-1, 054, 538  6-2 
Expenditures: 

Commissions  and  clerk  birc §652,399  00 

Lost  remittances 1, 105  00 

Bad  debts :«,  083  .52 

Incidental  expenses 87,609  87 

; 774,197  45 

Excess  of  receipts  over  expenditures,  being  gross  vovenno s280, 341  17 

In  the  item  "commissions  and  clerk  hire"  is  included  the  sum  of 
$175,548.84,  being  the  amount  allowed  for  clerical  labor  in  the  money- 
order  service  at  certain  of  the  larger  post-offices  out  of  the  excess  of 
commissions  accruing  from  the  issue  and  payment  of  money  orders, 
which  tlie  postmasters  are  debarred  by  law  from  receiving.  The  limit 
fixed  by  law  for  the  total  comi>ensation  of  a  postmaster  from  all  sources 
being  $4,000  (except  in  the  case  of  the  postmaster  at  New  York),  the 


REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL.         941 

commissions  over  84,000  arc,  bv  autliority  of  tlio  Postmaster-General, 
given  to  such  otiices  as  earn  an  (jxcess,  in  the  Ibrm  of  an  allowance  for 
clerk  hire  on  money-order  account. 

Among  the  "incidental  expenses"  may  be  mentioned  the  sum  ot 
$53,344.49  i)aid  directly  from  money-order  funds  to  the  Public  Priut<.*r 
for  books,  blanks,  print  in^i,  and  stationery  I'urnished  liy  him  to  the 
money-order  ottice  for  use  by  postmasters  and  the  department  in  the 
transaction  of  money-order  business,  of  which  amount  fi57,L'0,S.12  was 
paid  for  Avork  and  material  ordered  during  the  fiscal  year  1.S80-'81. 

"BAD  DEBTS.'' 

Only  a  very  small  portion  of  the  amount  enibra<ed  under  the  head  of 
"bad  debts"  in  the  foregoing  statement  rt-jiresents  losses  occasioned  by 
the  failure  of  late  postmasters  to  ])ay  balances  due  by  them  to  the 
United  States.  The  larger  part,  >«.').■  i.0( id. lo.  was  the  loss  incurn'd  by 
reason  of  the  failure  of  the  banking  house  of  Henry  Clews  &  Co.,  of 
jS'ew  York,  and  the  conscMjuent  non  payment  and  jtrotest  of  certain  bills 
of  exchange  jmrchiised  by  the  department  from  that  tirm  in  August 
and  September,  1873,  for  the  ])urp(jse  of  ])aying  balances  <lne  by  tlic 
United  States  to  Ibreign  countries  on  money-order  account.  The  total 
amount  of  the  claim  of  the  depai'tment  against  this  tirm  was  >'4.S,<i80.S0, 
on  account  <»i"  which  83,Gl'0.70  was  eollected  in  187S  and  1879,  after 
strenuous  efforts  of  coimsel,  from  the  assets  of  the  bankrupt  tirm  in 
J'^nglaudj  an<l  after  ]>rotractcd  elforts  to  secure,  by  suit  at  law,  the  re- 
mainder of  the  sum  due,  the  department  having  bectune  satisfied  that 
little  could  be  accomplished  iti  that  way  because  (»f  the  inaile»|uacy  of 
the  assets,  the  claim  was  finally  comjiromised  by  authorRy  of  tlu^  Post- 
master-GeJieral  and  the  ^Vuditor,  under  se(;tion  409  of  the  llevisetl 
Statutes  of  the  United  States,  by  the  payment,  July  7,  1881,  to  thi*  Post- 
Oflice  Dei'artment,  on  the  part  of  Henry  Clews  c^c  (^o.,  of  the  sum  of 
$12,000  cash,  in  fidl  settlement  theicof.  The  gross  loss  on  ac<-ouut  of 
the  insolvencv  of  this  banking  house  was  tlu'refore,  as  alntve  stated, 

$33,or»o.jo. 

Notwithstanding  tlie  al)o\('-nieiiiioiie(l  loss,  which  is  properly  char^- 
able  to  the  year  in  which  the  transactions  occuired,  the  gioss  revenue 
from  the  domestic  nuineyorder  business  exceeded  the  revenue  from  the 
business  of  the  previous  ycai'  by  .i<L'8.0l'<;. ."».!.  or  over  11  ))er  cent. 

Attached  to  this  rei)ort  is  a  tabular  statenu-nt.  A,  of  the  operatiou.s 
of  the  domestii'  money-order  system  for  each  year  since  its  establishment. 

INTEKNATIOXAL  MnNKV-olfDEIl  msiNKSS — ADDITION  A  I-  CONVENTIONS. 

Since  the  close  of  the  liscal  year  enih'd  .lunc  .">0.  18S1,  conventions  for 
the  exchange  of  money  orders  ha\e  been  «'oncbMled  between  the  Unit«Ml 
States,  on  tlu'  one  hand,  and  Jamaica,  New  South  Wales,  N'lctoria,  and 
New  Zealand,  resjiectivel.\,  on  the  other,  so  that  mouey-onbT  business 
is  now  transacted  with  ten  difVerenl  foreign  countries,  to  wit,  the  four 
just  mcnticmcd  and  Canada,  (Jrcat  Pritain  and  Irehnul,  Cermany,  Switz 
erland,  Italy,  and  I'lauce.  On  Janmiry  I.  18Sl',  a  new  convention  with 
Switzerlaiui  Avent  into  ellect  which  simplitled  the  ex«*hange  with  thai 
country  and  admitted  of  a  reduction  ot  the  fees  «'hargcd  foi-  the  issue 
of  Swiss  orders  in  the  Cnited  States. 

There  were  in  operation  on  .lunt-  30,  issj,  1. !'_'."»  international  money- 
(»rder  oflices  aufhori/.ed  to  transact  money order  business  with  wu-h  of 
the  foreign  countries  with  which  the  I'niled  States  maintains  an  exchanpt* 
of  money-orders,  rniformily  of  system  having,  in  gn'at  measure,  ln-en 
secured,  the  same  set  of  forms  is  emi)loyed  by  [)ostma.stor8  for  orders  of 
all  tlicse  nationalities. 


942 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 


Negotiations  are  now  being  conducted  looking  to  an  interchange  of 
raoney-orders  between  tbe  United  States  and  Tasmania,  Japan,  Sweden, 
Norway,  and  Belgium,  while  money-order  business  with  Portugal,  under 
a  convention  duly  signed  and  approved  Julj"^  15, 1882,  will  be  commenced 
on  January  1,  1883.  Annexed  to  this  report  will  bo  found  a  copy  of  the 
new  money-order  convention  with  Switzerland  and  copies  of  the  con- 
ventions with  Jamaica,  New  South  Wales,  Victoria,  New  Zealand,  and 
Portugal,  respectively. 

STATISTICS  OF  THE  INTERNATIONAL   MONEY-ORDER  BUSINESS. 

The  subjoined  statement  exhibits  in  tabulated  form  the  number  and 
amount  of  orders  of  each  of  the  several  international  varieties  issued, 
the  number  and  amount  of  orders  paid,  the  amount  of  fees  received, 
and  the  gain  iu  amount,  with  the  percentage  of  gain,  in  issues,  pay- 
ments, and  fees.  The  enormous  increase  therein  shown  in  the  volume 
of  the  international  money-order  business  is  the  best  evidence  of  the 
public's  appreciation  of  the  facilities  which  the  several  international 
systems  afford. 


2 
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o 
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10,  080 

182, 293 

lie,  370 

48,  220 

14, 233 

6,015 

45 

69 

47 

62 

$205,  820  06 

2, 740,  362  09 

2,  057,  705  42 

1,  018, 641  62 

408, 221  60 

99, 738  10 

917  23 

2,  345  75 

1, 200  83 

1,561  78 

$859  25 

5,  479  96 

10,  421  15 

4,  296  73 

715  98 

745  10 

4,020 

24,  940 

34.  974 

49,537 

738 

2,728 

297 

93 

129 

427 

$113, 292  05 

407, 766  93 

1,  047,  940  77 

785, 326  01 

19,616  87 

57,352  79 

8,284  i;; 

New  South  "Wales 

2, 077  05 

2,  603  72 

9, 202  47 

Totals 

377, 413 

6,  536,  514  48 

22,  518  17 

117,  883 

2,  453, 462  79 

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$4,  591  50   $60,  070  12 
78,  526  30  ,738,  372  44 
36,  785  70  '661,  979  59 
17,244  55  ilPO  KK4  70 

41.21 

$3,  920  74 

3.58 

$484  60 

11.79 

British 

36.88 
47.43 
23.  06 
70.  32 

47,  030  22 

222,  919  70 

174, 162  32 

6,  068  72 

13.04 
27.  02 
28.50 
44.79 

20, 301  20 
11,881  10 
3,185  90 
1,  081  70 

34.86 

47.70 

22.66 

Italian 

6,  579  60 

168,  547  65 

24.  05 

1, 815  45 
16  65 

26,  708  01 

!  Eschan? 
r     1,  1882. 

36.57 

18,972  57 

49.43 

482  15 

36.16 

Jamaica 

36  75 

ot  go  into  0 

peratic 

n  nntil  Ja 

nnary 

19  95 

27  80 

Totals 

145,  644  25 

REPORT    OF   THE   POSTMASTER-GENERAL.  943 

REVENUE  FROM  INTERNATIONAL  MONEY-ORDER  BUSINESS. 

Tlie  Auditor  is  not  abl*-  to  lurnisJi  at  this  date  a  Ktateineut  of  the 
levt'imcs  wliioli  actTued  I'roin  international  money-order  biisinesis  during 
the  last  tiscal  year,  because  much  time  must  yet  be  oecujiied  in  a«ljust- 
iug  the  accounts  for  the  hist  quiuter  of  that  year.  In  his  report  will 
be  found,  however,  detailed  statements  of  the  revenues  from  interna- 
tional money-order  exchanges  for  the  liscal  year  1S8(M81,  beinp  from 
the  Swiss  business,  8i;,44l'.;3:{;  from  the  JJritish,  841,(;(;(>.7(>:  from  the 
German,  $18,5)08.10;  from  the  Canadian,  87,770.31;  from  the  Italian, 
$8,4(jy.25;  and  from  the  French,  !J1,1G3.40;  a  t-otal  of  $80,1L'G.18. 

GENERAL  FINANCIAL  RESULTS.  ' 

The  total  issues  of  domestic  and  international  money-orders  were,  in 
numl)er,  8,71)7,312,  of  the  vahie  of  *1  H>,()3<j,({3L>.<iO,  and  the  payments 
were,  in  number,  8,510,riol,  anjounting,  with  the  repaynu-ntw,  to 
$  115,8(14, 282.8G.  The  fees  received  from  the  public  aecrreirated 
$l,19D,3ri4.80. 

In  compliance  witli  the  terms  of  section  40r)0  lievised  Statutes,  the 
sum  of  6300,707.35,  the  jrross  revenue,  as  reported  by  the  AiuUtor,  from 
both  domestic  and  international  money-order  business,  was  deposited 
in  the  Treasury  for  the  service  of  the  rost-'Jltice  Department  on  October 
10,  1882.  But  to  arrive  at  the  net  prolit  of  the  moncy-onler  l)usiness 
(the  domestic  for  1881-82  and  the  international  for  18S0-'.si)  there 
should  be  deducted  from  this  sum  the  amount  of  such  expenses  for  the 
money-order  service  as  were  paid  out  of  api)ropriatious  made  bj'  Cou- 
i,aess,  to  wit: 

Salaries  to  38  eniploy«^s  in  the  superintendcnt'H  ofilco $51,200  00 

Salaries  to  115  eniployds  in  the  money-order  division  of  the  Auditor's 

office *. l'S^,(¥Vl  86 

Stationery  furnished  for  uhc  in  the  snperinteudent's  office 453  57 

Booku,  bluulvs,  printing,  and  Htutionery  furnished  for  use  in  tlio  moaey- 

ordcr  division  of  the  Auditors  office 5,215  67 

Total 195,7:17  10 

Icavinj;  the  sum  of  $105,030.25  in  excess  of  all  ascertainable  expendi- 
tures for  that  service  from  any  fund. 

I  have  the  homu',  in  conclusion,  to  renew  the  recommrndations  ma<le 
in  my  letter  of  November  7,  1881,  to  the  rostmaster-Cieneral  with 
reference  to  certain 

MODIFICATIONS- OF  THE  POSTAL  MONEY-ORDER  SYSTEM, 

to  wit,  a  change  in  the  scale  of  fees  charged  for  the  issue  of  domestic 
money-orders,  including  a  reduction  of  the  fee  for  orders  unib'r  $10  fn)m 
10  cents  to  8  cents,  and  the  increa.se  of  the  maximum  limit  of  a  single 
order  from  850  to  8100,  with  an  incn-ase  of  5  cents  in  the  fee  for  each  810 
over  850  up  to  8>»0,  from  which  amount  to  810(>  a  fee  of  45  cents  is  pro- 
l)Osed,  and  to  the  issue  concurrently  with  nmiu-y -orders,  under  au- 
thority of  law  to  be  enacted  by  ('ongrcss,  of  money  onlers  of  a  new  form, 
to  be  Called  postal  notes,  for  a  fee  of  3  cents,  to  br  payable  at  a 
designated  money-order  ollici^  to  the  l>eai-er,  and  to  Im'  drawn  only  for 
sums  less  than  ^r). 

The  increase,  with  correspondingly  augmente<l  fees,  «»f  the  limit  of 
an.  order  from  $50  to  $100,  by  which  a  single  owler  will  be  made  to 


944  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

take  the  place  now  occupied  by  two,  with  a  reduction  by  that  meaiv? 
of  one-half  the  labor  of  issue  for  all  sums  from  $50  to  $100,  is  designed 
to  offset  any  loss  which  would  result  to  the  system  from  the  reduction 
of  the  fees  for  orders  of  small  amounts.  As  stated  in  the  letter  ol" 
November  7,  above  referred  to,  which  is  published  upon  pages  403-410 
of  the  last  Annual  Report,  the  average  cost  of  each  money-order  issued 
during  the  five  years  ended  June  .50, 1880,  was  12.6  cents,  and  the  aver- 
age revenue  from  each  order  12.7  cents,  leaving  a  margin  of  one  mill 
as  a  profit  upon  each  order.  But  inasmuch  as  nearly  one-half  of  all 
the  orders  issued  are  for  sums  under  85,  any  reduction  of  the  fee  on 
such  ordera  without  a  corresponding  reduction  of  labor  and  increase 
of  fees  for  the  large  amounts  would  necessarily  result  in  a  loss. 

THE   "POSTAL  NOTE/' 

a  model  of  which  was  printed  upon  page  405  of  the  Annual  Eeport 
of  last  year,  is  intended  to  take  the  place  of  fractional  currency  in  so 
far  as  that  currency  was  used  by  the  public  for  remittances  of  small 
sums  by  mail.  The  process  of  issue  would  be  such  that  the  amount, 
the  figures  representing  which  are  to  be  punched  from  three  rows  of 
figures  for  dollars,  dimes,  and  cents,  respectively,  cannot  be  altered, 
and  it  is  proposed  to  have  the  nptes,  which  are  to  be  of  a  convenient 
size  for  inclosure  in  the  ordinary  letter-size  envelopes,  engraved  upon 
thin  bank-note  paper,  and  x)rovided  with  effective  checks  against  coun- 
terfeiting. 

This  scheme,  I  may  add,  met  with  the  full  approbation  of  the  Com- 
mittee on  the  Post-Office  and  Post-Eoads,  and  was  unanimously  recom- 
mended by  them  at  the  last  session  of  Congress.  A  bill  (H.  R.  5661) 
embodying  its  several  provisions  passed  the  House  of  Eepresentatives 
at  that  session,  but  failed  to  pass  the  Senate,  which  it  reached  near  the 
time  for  adjournment,  the  attention  of  that  body  having  been  occupied 
with  other  pressing  business  in  the  last  days  of  the  session.  I  deem  it 
of  great  importance  that  legislation  authorizing  the  issue  of  the  postal 
note  to  supply  an  urgent  public  want  and  the  suggested  changes  in 
the  scale  of  faes  for  domestic  money  orders  be  again  requested  at  an 
early  day. 

I  am,  sir,  very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

C.  r.  MACDONALU, 
Superintendent  of  Money-  Order  System. 

Hon.  T.  O.  Howe, 

Fostmaster-  General. 


REPORT    OF    THE    POSTMASTER-GEXERAL.  945 


KEPOKT  OF   Tlfl-:    SI'PERINTENDENT   OF   FOKKIGX   MAIFS. 

Post-Office  Dki-autment, 
Office  of  Fokeign  Mails, 
Wasliiiifftony  IK  C,  October  L'5,  1882. 
Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  herewith  a  report  of  the  i)riueipal 
operations  of  the  foreign  mail  service  for  the  iiscal  vear  en<h"l  June  o(K 
1882. 

"tt^IGnT   OF  ilAILS. 

The  total  weij;ht  of  mails  (lispfitclied  during  the  year  to  countries  ami 
colonies  of  the  Universal  J'ostal  L'niun  (the  Dominion  of  Canada  ex- 
cepted) was  999,5.54,720  grams,  or  2.20.J,S7<i  pounds;  an  increased  weight 
over  the  preceding  fiscal  year  of  4.52,35.'}  i)onnds.  The  weight  of  thr 
letter  mails  was  187,028,578  grams,  or  414,.'>55  pounds,  and  of  jirinte<l 
matjter  and  samples  of  merchandise  811,G2<>,15L  grams,  or  1,7X0.521 
pounds;  an  increased  weight  as  compared  with  the  preceding  fiscal  year 
of  73,367  pounds  of  letters  and  378,080  pounds  of  printed  mattcr'and 
samples. 

Of  the  letter  mails  di.sjtatched,  170,044  ])Ounds  (42.03  per  cent.)  were 
sent  to  Great  Ihitaiu  an<l  Ireland;  101,501  pounds  (21,52  prr  cent.)  to 
Germany;  00,804  pounds  (24.11  per  cent.)  to  other  countries  of  JOuropc. 
and  30,220  pounds  (8.74  per  cent.)  to  Postal  Union  countries  and  told 
uies  other  than  European. 

Of  the  printed  matter  and  samples  dispatched,  800,014  pounds  (44.70 
per  cent.)  were  sent  to  Great  Britain  and  Ireland ;  332,35S  pounds  (1S.57 
per  cent.)  to  Germajiy;  345,201  pounds  (10.30  i)er  cent.)  to  other  coun 
tries  of  Europe,  and  310,058  pounds  (17.37  per  cent.)  to  other  Postal 
Union  countries  and  colonies. 

Compared  with  the  weights  of  mails  dispatched  during  the  preceding 
year,  the  increase  of  letter  mails  v>as  21.52  per  cent.,  and  of  printed  mat- 
ter and  sani])le  mails  20.87  per  cent. 

A  comparison  of  the  weights  of  the  nuiils  dispatched  to  foreign  conn 
tries  during  th(^  fiscal  year  1882  with  thos<'  of  the  fisc^il  year  18so 
shows  the  increase  of  correspondence  to  have  ]»eeti  as  follows: 

I'lMinil.t. 
Weight  of  letti  r  mails : 

In  18«2 \\i.-X\-. 

In  1«80 UT-M-l 

All  iucrwase  in  two  vcarK  of 112, 171 

or  o2i  per  ceul. 
^\■ciJ^lIt  of  (iiLiitcil  iii;itl<T  and  .sainplf  niaiLs: 

In  iKx-i l.7-;i.,v.'i 

In  iseo 1,1>1.1-M 

An  increase  in  two  yiMH  of (Ui^,  lul 

or  .'■>li  ptT  com. 

A  statemenl  of  the  \\ei;:li(s  ol'  the  mails  dispatidied  to  each  Postal 
Union  country  and  colony  i-^  rt'p(»rled  by  the  Auditor  «•!'  the  Treasury  for 
the  Post-<^)nice  I>epaitmeul. 

ruv:  M'.MnKR  (if  mmi  r.cs  iixcn  vnuf.i» 

with  coujilries  andeolonifs  no(  embraced  in  the  Universal  l'«istul  Union, 
exclusive  of  Canada,  was  Kis.s.'iL',  of  which  number  05,H5«.>  were  sent  to, 

00  Ab 


946  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING?   THE 

and  73,663  received  from  such  countries;  a  decrease,  compared  with  the 
previous  fiscal  year,  of  338,996  letters  sent,  and  147,388  letters  received 
from  nou-Union  countries. 

COST  OP  THE  FOREIGN  MAIL  SERVICE. 

The  sums  rci)ortcd  for  payment  on  account  of  sea-transportation  of 
the  mails  disi)atched  to  and  received  from  forei^pi  countries  during 
the  fiscal  year  1882,  including  13,077  francs  and  31  centimes  ($2,619.73), 
credited  to  France  in  the  quarterly  accounts  with  the  French  postal 
administration  for  the  conveyance  of  United  States  mails  by  French 
contract  packets  from  New  York  to  Havre,  amounted  to  8280,163.98;  an 
increase  over  the  cost  of  the  same  services  for  1881  of  $11,014,77.  Of 
this  amount  $233,485.34  was  reported  for  the  trans-Atlantic  service ; 
$16,537.38  for  the  trans-Pacific  service,  and  $30,141.26  for  services  Xa) 
and  from  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  Central  America,  and  the  South 
Pacific;  to  Mexico,  Cuba,  and  Porto  Eico;  to  and  irom  other  West 
India  Islands ;  to  Brazil,  the  Argentine  Kepublic,  Paraguay  and  Uru- 
guay; to  Venezuela  and  Ciiragoa,  and  to  Canada  and  Newfoundland. 
Particulars  of  these  several  services  are  appended  in  statement  marked 
A. 

A  comparison  of  the  cost  of  foreign  mail  transportation  for  the  fiscal 
year  1882  with  the  cost  of  the  same  service  in  1880  shows  the  increase 
to  have  been  as  follows : 

Cost  of  the  service  in  1882 $280,163  98 

Cost  of  the  service  in  1880 198,667  46 

An  increase  in  t'wo  years  of 81,496  52 

or  over  41  per  cent. 

The  expenses  (chargeable  to  the  foreign  mail  service)  of  maintaining 
the  United  States  postal  agencies  at  Shanghai  (China),  and  at  Aspin- 
wall  and  Panama  (United  States  of  Colombia),  for  office  rent,  clerk  hire, 
porterage  of  mails,  and  other  miscellaneous  items,  amounted  to  $2,695.55. 
These  expenses  have  been  materially  reduced  by  a  curtailment  of  the 
business  of  the  agencies  at  Aspinwall  and  Panama,  consequent  upon 
the  entrance  into  the  Union,  from  July  1,  1881,  of  the  United  States 
of  Colombia,  the  postal  business  of  said  agencies  being  now  restricted 
to  the  receipt,  custody,  transfer,  distribution  (when  necessary),  and  for- 
warding of  mails  in  transit  from  and  to  the  United  States  via  the 
Isthmus  of  Panama. 

The  payments  made  by  this  department  in  previous  years,  on  account 
of  the  Atlantic  sea  conveyance  of  the  Australian  closed  mails  from 
New  York  to  Great  Britain,  were  discontinued  from  July  1,  1881,  the 
British  post-office  having  agreed  to  pay  directly  to  the  conveying  steam- 
ship lines  the  sums  becoming  due  for  the  conveyance  of  such  mails. 
Under  this  arrangement  the  appropriation  made  by  Congress  for  ocean 
transportation  of  mails  during  the  year  1882  was  relieved  from  the 
payment  of  70,360  francs  31  centimes=$13,579.44. 

The  aggregate  amount  of  the  quarterly  balances  pair!  to  this  de- 
partment on  settlement  of  postage  accounts  with  other  Postal  Union 
administrations  was  $104,201.20,  and  the  aggregate  amount  of  the 
quarterly  balances  paid  by  this  department  to  other  Postal  Union  ad- 
ministrations was  $43,605.22. 

The  sums  credited  to  this  department  by  Postal  Union  administra- 
tions on  account  of  the  United  States  territorial  and  sea-transit  of  for- 


REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL.        947 

eign  mailB,  amounted  to  657,728  francs  12  centimes=.S  120,911.53,  and 
the  sums  credited  by  this  department  to  Union  administrations  on  ac- 
count of  the  forei;,^n  territorial  and  sea  transit  of  United  States  mails, 
amounted  to  423,392  francs  52  centimes=$.Sl,714.7(j. 

The  amounts  «.'Stiniated  as  nece.ssary  for  appro] »riatiou  for  foreign 
mail  service  for  the  liscal  year  1883-1884,  are  as  follows  : 

For  trausportatiou  of  raaila |;i50,000 

For  balauces  duo  Ibreijiu  countries,  including  the  United  States'  portion  of  tho 
cxpeust'H  of  the  International  ijiirean  of  the  Postal  Union,  and  the  hiiI>- 
scriptiou  of  tho  dejiartment  for  2o  copies  of  tho  monthly  journal  of  tho 
Union— "  L'Union  Pustule" 60,000 

Total $410,000 

ADMISSIONS  TO   THE   UNIVERSAL  POSTAL   UNION. 

The  additions  to  the  Universal  Postal  Union  during  the  year  have 
been  as  follows: 

The  Iiei)ublic  of  Nicaragua,  admitted  from  ^fay  1,  1882. 

The  Kepublic  of  Costa  llica,  admitted  from  January  1,  1883. 

The  Postal  Union  now  embraces  all  countries  and  colonies  of  the 
civilized  world  known  to  have  organized  postal  establishments,  except 
Bolivia  in  South  America,  antl  the  British  Australasian  colonies.  For 
full  list  of  Postal  Union  countries  and  colonies,  with  dates  of  admission, 
see  statement  marked  B,  appended. 

MODIFICATIONS   OF  POSTAL  UNION  ARRANGEMENTS  AND  DETAILS. 

The  following  changes  in  the  Regulations  of  Detail  and  Order  under 
the  Convention  of  Paris,  have  been  adopted  by  votes  of  the  Postal 
Union  administrations,  viz : 

Paragraph  10  of  Article  XXXII  has  been  amended  so  as  to  read : 
The  post-otlices  which  the  Japanese  administration  has  estiiblished  at 
Shanghai  (China),  at  FnsamjJO  and  Genzanshin  (Corea). 

Paragraph  4  of  Article  Yl  has  been  modified  as  follows,  to  take  effect 
January  1,  1883 : 

Registered  articles  must  hear  u  lahe!  or  impression  of  a  stamp  Bhowin-,  n.  a  dis- 
tinct manner,  the  capital  letter  R  in  Roman  text,  it  heinjj  left  o])tionnl  with  each 
office  to  a«ld  to  the  letter  R  tho  Bpecial  mark  f  indication  of  oftico  of  origin  or  coun- 
try of  origin,  number  of  order,  &c. )  which  it  eliall  deem  proper. 

Consequent  upon  tho  ndojjtion  of  this  modificatioji,  and  because  of 
the  uniform  charac'ter  of  the  stamp  or  label  indicating  registnition 
thereby  i)rovided  for  use  by  all  the  ixtstal  administrations  of  the  Union, 
Article  XXIX  of  the  Kegulations  has  been  also  modiMe«l,  to  take  efl'eet 
on  tlw  same  date,  by  su|>pressiiig  the  srcond  subpnrac:raph  of  paragraph 

2,  and  numbering  the  tliinl,  Iburth,  atid  lifth  subi)an»graphs  thereof  2, 

3,  and  4,  resiiectively. 

Article  XIV  of  the  Regulations  has  been  mo<lifled  to  read  as  follows: 

1.  Articles  of  corrcspoudonce  a<ldrossod  under  initials  are  not  admitted  to  registrar 
tiou. 

2.  No  special  rondition  of  fonn  or  of  fnateninfi  in  required  for  repintered  Hr(!cle«i. 
Each  oflico  has  the  rijjht  to  apjily  to  this  eorresponilence  tho  re^ulatiomi  efdablikhcd 
in  its  interior  nervier. 

Special  arranjiements  have  been  concluded  with  Belgium  and  Switzer- 
land, respectively,  extending  the  limits  of  weifjht  and  dimensions,  pre- 
scribed by  Article  V  of  tho  Convention  of  Paris  for  j)acket8  of  eamplea 
of  merchandise  so  as  to  admit  such  packeta  to  circulation  in  the  maiU 


948  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

exchanged  with  each  of  those  countries,  respectively,  when  not  exceed- 
ing the  weight  of  350  grams  (12  ounces)  and  the  dimensions  of  30  centi- 
meters (12  inches)  in  length,  20  centimeters  (8  inches)  in  width,  and  30 
centimeters  (4  inches)  in  depth.  Copies  of  these  special  arrangements 
are  appended. 

With  respect  to  the  arrangement  with  Belgium  it  has  been  mutually 
agreed  that  it  shall  be  so  interpreted  as  to  authorize  its  termination  at 
any  time  on  a  notice  by  either  government  of  one  year. 

Negotiations  are  pending  between  this  department  and  the  postal 
administration  of  Japan  for  an  arrangement  granting  the  reciprocal 
conveyance  between  the  two  countries,  free  of  postage,  of  official  cor- 
respondence in  closed  mails  between  each  government  and  its  legations 
and  consulates  near  the  other. 

Detailed  infonnation  on  the  following  subjects  relating  to  Postal 
Union  exchanges  will  be  found  in  statements  hereto  appended,  marked 
C,  D,  E,  and  F,  respectively : 

1.  Table  of  equivalents  according  to  which  postage  rates  are  levied 
in  those  countries  of  the  Universal  Postal  Union  which  have  not  the 
franc  for  a  monetary  unit,  and  the  fees  charged  for  registration  and  for 
return  receipts. 

2.  A  recapitulation  of  the  regulations  which  determine,  in  the  diU'er- 
ent  countries  of  the  Union,  the  length  of  time  for  retaining  in  the  offices 
of  destination  unclaimed  correspondence  addressed  ^'■poste  restante.^' 

3.  A  recapitulation  of  the  regulations  within  the  Union  respecting 
applications  for  the  return  of  letters  to  the  senders  before  their  deliver}- 
to  the  addressees. 

4.  A  statement  of  the  surtaxes  charged  in  certain  Postal  Union 
countries  on  correspondence  addressed  to  the  United  States. 

MODLFICATIOIsS  OF  POSTAL  REGULATIONS  AND  DETAILS  RESPECTING 
MAIL  EXCHANGES  WITH  THE  DOMINION  OF  CANADA,  AND  WITH 
COUNTRIES  AND  COLONIES  NOT  ElIBRACED  IN  THE  UNIVERSAL 
POSTAL  UNION. 

The  second  article  of  the  postal  arrangement  between  the  United 
States  and  Canada  of  -^~y^'  1881,  has  been  replaced  by  a  modified  article 
designed  to  more  effectually  prevent  the  mailing  in  Canada  of  United 
States  publications  to  addressees  in  this  country  with  the  object  of 
evading  the  postage  rates  or  regulations  applicable  to  such  matter  in 
the  United  States.    A  copy  of  this  article  is  appended. 

The  reduced  sea-transit  rates  of  9  cents  per  ounce  for  letter  mails  and 
4  cents  per  pound  for  printed-matter  mails,  accepted  by  this  depart- 
ment from  January  1,  1881,  for  the  closed  mails  from  the  colonies  of 
Xew  South  Wales,  Ncav  Zealand,  Victoria,  and  Queensland,  respectively, 
for  Mexico,  the  Central  American  States,  and  Panama,  when  trans- 
ported entirely  by  sea  ti'om  San  Francisco,  have  been  applied  also  to 
the  closed  mails  for  said  colonies  forwarded  in  the  opposite  direction 
from  the  British  packet  agency  at  Panama  to  San  Francisco. 

For  the  purpose  of  securing  proper  examination  and  treatment  by 
United  States  customs  officers,  before  transmission  to  the  addressees,  of 
books  received  by  mail  from  Canada,  an  arrangement  has  been  made 
with  the  Canada  office  to  forward  all  book  packets  of  Canadian  origin 
separately  from  other  mail  matter,  in  sacks  addressed  to  certain  desig 
jiated  United  States  exchange  post-offices  on  or  near  the  frontier  line 
of  Canada. 


i:i:r<)iM'  of  thk  rosTMASTEU-GKNiiKAi.. 


94f) 


FORl:IG^    MAIL  STATISTICS. 

J.'sU.iuilc  iij'  the  amount  of  mail  muHcr  ixdtanfftd  durin/j  thcjiaval  year  ended  June  30,  165"-*. 
hasctl  upon  the  vaunt  of  nutjh  matter  vjceliiuifjed  during  aecin  eUii/a  in  October,  1861,  and 
:<cien  dai/s  in  April,  ISsxJ,  as  made  at  I'uitrd  ."itatea  exchanging pont-officea  in  punuanct 
ufihv  I'oftniastcr-Cenerara  order  of  iftplember  10,  IST'J. 


Sent. 


25, 4C8, 4C4 


038,497 
119.  90K 


Iwoceivcd.      Total. 


l,23.',90tt     1,874,40C.. 
Cl.eiM         1«1,C0-JI 
20, 226, 8C'.)   24,  822,  971:  51,  049,  840  1, 
29,  675, 709  27,  277,  KV:.,  of>.  953,  54^  2, 
,  MG,  3»7i 


2Cnmber  of  prepaid  letters 

Xamberof  unpaidaiul  insufficiently 
^paid  letters ". 

KunjUcr  of  free  of  postage  letters  . 

Total  number  of  letters 

Total  uuiuber  of  siii;;lo  rates .„,„,,.,,„.. 

Xnmberof  postal  cards 1, 42.-',  20til        918,179 

Knmbt'r  of  packets  of  uewspapfx*,  |  i 

other  priuto^  matter,  and  birei- 
ness  papers 

Xumber  Of  packotfl  of  samples  of 
merchandise , 

Xnmber  of  registered  articles 

Kwmber  of  deaiauds  for  return  re- 
ceipts   , 

Prepaid  postagefi  on  letters Wl,  385, 618  15 

I 'repaid  postages  on  printed  mat- 
ter, &c 

Unpaid  postages  on  letters,  printe<l 
matter,  A-o 


KS 


^  o 
u  o  it 

M  U  ■ 


22 


23,525,308'  48, 003, 832  1 ,  W3, 09C 5L98  4&02 


597, 


898 

870 

029' 


412  34.  00  05.  04 
....oa  03  33.97 
...51.3844  02 
,...^2.1147.89 
...00.87  39.13 


22, 910, 589'  19,  500.  814.  42, 510, 403  3, 322, 
I  11 

604, 


84.1,  682' 
457,  OOo! 


9.789 


238,880 
468,354' 

17,054; 


1, 082,  562 
925,354'.. 

26.843'.. 


802' 

11 


^t24,  732  33-. 


...5X9146.00 


. ...  77.  93  22.  07 
354  49.39  50.01 


7,20530.47  63.5.1 

.  .  I..      I 


$23,292  251117,099  511140,991  79 $04,407  20,1&5283.4S 

I  I  I  I  I  I 


From  the  above  table  it  appcar.s — 

1.  That  97.11  per  cent,  of  the  letters  sent  to  foreign  countries  were 
fully  prepaid ;  that  2.43  per  cent,  were  either  unpaid  or  insufficiently 
prepaid,  and  that  0.4.'^  per  cent,  were  free  of  postage. 

2.  That  94\^  per  cent,  of  the  letters  received  in  the  United  States  from 
foreign  countries  were  fully  pre])aid ;  that  .1  per  cent,  were  either  unpaid 
or  insufficiently  prepaid,  and  that  one-fourth  of  one  per  cent,  were  free  of 
]>ostage. 

'.).  That  of  the  total  number  of  postal  articles  sent,  51  per  cent,  were 
letters;  2.78  per  cent,  were  i)ostal  cards;  44.57  per  cent,  were  news- 
papers, other  printed  matter,  and  business  pai)ers,  and  1.05  per  cent, 
were  samples  of  merchandise. 

4.  That  of  the  total  number  of  postal  articles  received,  54.4C  percent, 
were  letters;  2.01  per  cent,  were  postal  cards;  43  per  cent,  were  news- 
papers, other  i)rints,  and  business  pai>ers,  and  ().."»;$  p<'r  cent,  were  sam- 
ples of  merchandise. 

5.  The  estimated  amount  of  ])Ostages  collecte<l  in  the  United  States 
on  the  unpaid  mail-matter  received  from  othfr  countries  exceeded  th<' 
estimated  amount  of  unpaid  jio.stages  on  the  mail-matter  sent  to  other 
countries  in  the  sum  of  .'i<!)1,407.29. 

0.  The  estimated  total  postages  collected  in  the  I'nitod  States  (not 
including  registration  fees  on  registered  articles)  on  th»'  mails  exelianged 
with  foreign  (iountries,  amounted  to  Ji'l.05(;.()l  t.l8. 

The  general  statistics  of  the  postal  services  in  the  countries  of  the 
Universal  Postal  Union  for  the  year  \^S0  (the  lat«'st  e.ollate<l  and  pub 
lished  by  the  International  llureau),  furnish  interesting  information  re- 
specting the  interior  )tost:il  s<'rvic<'s  of  each  (•«>untry,  ;is  well  as  of  the 
international  iK)stal  rrlations  bt'tween  the  countries  of  the  I'nion. 

It  appears  by  these  statisti<'s  that  the  relalive  rank  of  the  principal 
Union  countries,  in  respect  to  the  following  particulars,  was  as  follows: 


1950  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

1st.  Innumber  of  post-0  f ices  the  Vnited  States  ranks  lirst,  with  42,989 
officesj  then  Great  Britain,  with  14,549;  Germany,  with  9,460;  France, 
5,942;  Japan,  4,CG5;  Kussia,  4,458;  British  India,  4,409 ;  Austria,  4,025; 
Italy,  3,328;  Switzerland,  2,852;  Spain,  2,042;  Hungary,  2,301;  Sweden, 
1,785;  the  Netherlands,  1,316;  Norway,  924;  Mexico,  897;  Belgium, 
792 ;  Portugal,  755 ;  Denmark,  560. 

2d.  In  respect  of  the  relative  proportion  between  the  number  of  post- 
ofices  and  that  of  population^  the  principal  countries  of  the  Union  rank 
as  follows :  Switzerland  has  au  average  of  993  inhabitants  to  each  post- 
office  ;  the  United  States,  1,167  to  each  office ;  Norway,  2,078 ;  Great 
Britain,  2,372;  Sweden,  2,565;  the  Netherlands,  3,085;  Luxemburg, 
3,175;  Denmark,  3,537;  Germany,  4,778 ;  Austria,  5,498 ;  France,  0,211 ; 
Portugal,  6,285;  Spain,  6,333;  the  Argentine  Eepublic,  6,400;  Belgium, 
6,991 ;  Hungary,  7,258 ;  Japan,  7,701 ;  Italy,  8,545. 

3d.  In  number  of  letter-boxes  for  reception  of  correspondence^  the  prin- 
cipal countries  rank  as  follows :  France,  57,960  letter-boxes ;  Germany, 
67,782;  Great  Britain,  27,782 ;  the  United  States,  18,460 ;  Italy,  11,550 ; 
Spain,  9,406;  Austria,  8,013;  Russia,  7,957;  Japan,  0,935;  Brilish  India, 
6,392;  Belgium,  5,456;  Switzerland,  5,270;  Denmark,  3,382;  Hungary, 
3,263 ;  the  Netherlands,  3,047 ;  Sweden,  2,700 ;  Portugal,  1,303. 

4th.  In  number  of  letters  conveyed  in  the  mails,  the  principal  countries 
rank  as  follows:  Great  Britain,  1,176,423,600  letters;  the  United  States, 
847,830,029;  Germany,  522,689,800;  France,  488,462,763;  Austria, 
174,999,000;  Italy,  151,471,018;  British  India,  118,072,439;  Russia, 
92,451,476;  Spain,  66,525,891;  Hungary,  64,647,572 ;  Belgium,  61,209,200; 
the  Netherlands,  48,070,539;  Switzerland,  45,739,594;  Japan,  36,898,795; 
Sweden,  27,130,454 ;  Denmark,  22,011,999 ;  Portugal,  14,124,919. 

5th.  In  number  of  postal  cards  conveyed  in  the  mails,  the  principal 
countries  rank  as  follows :  The  United  States,  275,324,224  postal  cards; 
Germany,  135,135,100 ;  Great  Britain,  122,884,000  ;  Austria,  36,026,000; 
France,  27,540,065;  Japan,  19,884,451;  Italy,  19,714,710;  Belgium, 
14,720,342 ;  the  Netherlands,  13,775,947 ;  Hungary,  12,905,458 ;  British 
India,  7,471,984;  Switzerland,  6,649,297;  Russia,  4.682,544;  SwedenJ 
1,250,081;  Roumauia,  685,802;  Portugal,  252,751;  Norway,  209,014; 
Denmark,  173,128 ;  Spain,  161,986 ;  Luxemburg,  155,883. 

6th.  In  respect  to  the  number  of  letters  and  postal  cards  per  each  in- 
habitant, tlie  principal  countries  rank  as  follows:  Great  Britain,  37.6 
to  each  inhabitant;  the  United  States,  22.8;  Switzerland,  22.4;  the 
Netherlands,  17.1;  Belgium,  16.2 ;  Germany,  15.6;  France,  14.9;  Den- 
mark, 12.6;  Luxemburg,  11.7;  Austria,  11.1 ;  Sweden,  6.9;  Italy,  6.6; 
Norway,  5.7;  Spain,  4.1;  Portugal,  3.3;  Greece,  1.7;  Japan,  1.0; 
Roumania,  1.2 ;  Russia,  1.1. 

7tli.  In  number  of  newspapers  conveyed  in  domestic  mails,  the  principal 
countries  rank  as  follows :  The  United  States,  730,269,063  newspapers; 
Germany,  420,944,000;  France,  285,691,654;  Great  Britain,  133,796,100; 
Russia,  83,233,945;  Italy,  81,060,778;  Austria,  75,282,900;  Belgium, 
64,680,000;  Switzerland,  49,967,736;  the  Netherlands,  33,682,452;  Hun- 
gary, 27,722,577;  Denmark,  25,007,457;  Sweden,  21,087,036;  Japan, 
17,596,758;  British  India,  11,251,021;  Norwav,  10,402,002;  Argentine 
Republic,  7,500,000 ;  Greece,  1,688,841. 

8th.  In  number  of  newspapers  dispatched  in  international  mails,  the 
jmncipal  countries  rank  as  follows:  The  United  States,  18,378,837  ncws- 
jiapers;  Great  Britain,  16,697,753;  France,  15,894,252;  Germany, 
8,760,000;  Italy,  5,030,860;  Belgium,  4,001,000;  Spain,  3,117,521;  tlie 
Netherlands,  1,251,605;  Russia,  1,235,686;  Argentine  RepubUc,  795,000; 
Sweden,  714,717;  Greece,  502,047;  Norway,  201,428. 


REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL.         951 

9th.  Ill  respect  to  the  length  of  interior  mail-routes  of  all  ]<inds,  on  land 
and  ivater,  used  for  conveyance  of  the  mailfi,  the  United  States  occupies 
the  first  rank,  with  a  total  length  of  ooO.L'l'l  kilometers  (3-11,81)1  miles); 
France  next,  with  L'27,591  kilometers  (141,418 miles);  Eussia  nest,  \nth 
171,208  kilometers  (100,421  miles) ;  and  Germany  next,  with  101,009  kilo- 
meters (03,137  miles). 

No  reports  on  this  head  were  furnished  for  Great  Britain. 

10th.  f  n  respect  to  the  nnmherofmilcH  ofrailivaytransportatioji  ofmails^ 
the  United  Sttites  ranks  first,  with  154,399.'.)41  kilometers  (95,939,491 
miles);  Germany  next,  with  102,799,339  kilometers  (03,870,418  miles); 
then  France,  with  00,150,7.'3.")  kilometers  (41,104,095  miles);  Austria, 
29,107,004  kilometers  (18,123,711  miles);  Kussia,  23,203,038  kilometers 
(14,418,045  miles);  Hungary,  12,504,957  kilometers  (7,770,205  miles); 
Spam,  5,942,754  kilometers  (3,092,049  miles);  Sweden,  5,050,897  kilo- 
meters (3,510,020  miles);  Switzerland,  4,772,740  kilometers  (2,905,037 
miles). 

No  statements  on  this  head  were  furnished  for  Great  Britain. 

11th.  In  respect  to  the  distance  of  transportation  of  mails  effected  by 
modes  of  conveyance  other  than  by  7-ailroads,  the  United  States  ranks  first, 
with  121,713,592  kilometers  (75,599,174  miles) ;  Germany  next,  with 
02,745,103  kilometers  (38,989,925  miles);  then  France,  48jsC9,120  kilo- 
meters (30,305,805  miles);  Russia,  33,415,955  kilometers  (20,703,073 
miles);  Austria,  31,743,825  kilometers  (19,724,001  miles). 

No  statements  on  this  head  were  furnished  for  Great  Britain. 

12th.  In  respect  toihc  gross  postal  revenues^  the  principal  countries  rank 
as  follows:  Germany,  190,229,319  francs ;  the  United  States,  170,453,027  ; 
Great  Britain,  108,335,075;  France,  112,087,572;  Russia,  50,094,540; 
Austria,  41,519,703;  Italy,  28,189,018 ;  British  India,  22,324,407;  Spain, 
18,723,485;  Switzerland,  17,589,901;  Hungary,  15,890,022;  Belgium, 
11,599,007;  The  Netherlands,  8,828,838;  Sweden,  7,133,273;  Japan, 
0,439,847  ;  Denmark,  5,550,803  francs. 

13th.  The  postal  seryiceof  the  following  countries  in  18S0  yielded  net 
revenues,  in  francs,  as  follows:  Great  Britain,  04,944,200  fi-ancs;  France, 
32,303,040;  Germany,  22,017,089;  Spain,  10,751,753;  Austria,  4,582,700 ; 
Belgium,  3,830,839;  Italy,  3,831,083 ;  Hungary,  2,700,015  ;  The  Nether- 
lands, 2,180,341;  Switzerland,  2,011,804;  British  India,  994,485;  Sweden, 
929,811  francs. 

The  annual  deficit  in  the  United  States  for  the  same  year  was  1 0,536,575 
francs,  and  in  Russia  4,520,170  francs. 

The  order  of  this  department  discontinuing  the  annual  count  of  do- 
mestic correspondence  has,  it  is  regretted,  rendered  incomplete  the  sta- 
tistics furnislie^l  the  International  Bureau  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June 
30,  1881,  and  will  prevent  any  coa»i)arisou  for  that  year  between  our 
domesti(!  correspondence  and  that  of  other  countries  of  the  Uniyersal 
Postal  Union. 

SUBJECTS  REQUIRING  LEGISLATION. 

Article  G  of  the  Universal  Postal  Union  (.-onyention  «oncluded  at 
Paris,  Juno  1,  1878,  i)rovid«'.s  for  the  j)ayment,  in  rase  of  the  loss  «)f  a 
registered  article,  and  excei)t  in  case  of  force  majeure,  of  an  inch'mnity 
of  50  francs  to  the  sender,  or,  at  his  request,  to  the  a<ldresse«',  by  tlie 
administration  ui)on  whose  territory  or  in  whose  maritime  service  the 
loss  hiis  occurred;  but  i>ermits,  as  a  temporary  measure,  the  adminis- 
trations of  the  countries  lu-yond  lOuropc  whos*;  legislation  was  at  that 
time  oi)i>osed  to  the  principle  of  ivsponsibility  to  postjion*'  its  ai>plica- 
tion  until  they  shall  have  obtained  frum  the  legislative  power  authority 


952 


rAl'KKS    ACCOMPANVINU    THE 


1«»  subscribe  to  ii.  To  enable  tLis  (lepartmeiii  to  carry  iiilo  eflV'ct  tbis 
provision  of  the  I'aris  Couveution,  your  predeccBSors  baAO  reeoinuieiKled 
iu  eacU  annual  lepoil  since  tbo  conclusion  of  tbc  Paris  Convention,  that 
llic  ne(!essaiy  autiiority  (berefor  be.  given  by  lav.  Jjills  ha\e  been  in- 
troduced in  Congress  i'or  that  object  ^\hicb  liave  passed  the  Senate,  bur 
have  not  been  acted  iij)on  by  the  iJouse  ot  Representatives.  J  respect- 
fully suggest  that  the  attention  of  Congress  be  again  called  by  this  de- 
partment to  the  ftn]>ortanceof  enacting  the  necessary  legislation  o])  this 
subject. 

The  countries  and  colonies  of  the  Universal  Postal  Union  outside  of 
Europe  which,  up  to  the  latest  advices,  have  agreed  to  the  principle 
of  responsibility  in  case  of  loss  on  their  territory,  or  in  their  maritime 
sernce,  of  a  registered  article,  are  as  follows : 


Egypt, 

British  India, 

Persia, 

The  Danish  Colonies, 

The  Spanish  Colonies, 

The  French  Colonies, 

The  Netherlands  Col- 
onies, 

The  Portuguese  Col- 
onies, 

The  United  States  of 
Colombia, 

The  Eepublic  of  Hay  ti, 

Antigua, 

Bahamas, 


Bermudas, 

Ceylon, 

Gold  Coast, 

Dominica, 

Gambia, 

Grenada, 

British  Guiana, 

British  Honduras, 

Hong-Kong, 

Jamaica, 

Labuan, 

Lagos, 

Mauritius, 

Montserrat, 

Nevis, 


Saint  Christopher, 

Saint  Lucia, 

Seychelles, 

Sierra  Leone, 

Straits  Settlements, 

Newfoundland, 

Tobago, 

Trinida<l, 

Turk's  Islands, 

Virgin  Isles, 

Saint  Yincent, 

Cyprus, 

Barbadoes, 

Chili, 

Hawaii. 


This  department,  as  also  the  postal  administrations  of  Peru,  the 
United  States  of  Venezuela,  and  the  Eepublic  of  Liberia,  have  advised 
the  International  Bureau  of  the  Postal  Union  that  they  have  submitted 
to  their  national  legislatures  projects  ot  laws  authorizing  them  to  sub- 
scribe to  the  principle  of  respousiblity  in  the  matter  of  registered  articles 
exchanged  with  other  postal-union  countries. 

I  also  respectfully  suggest  that  the  recommendations  of  your  prede- 
cessors for  such  a  modification  of  the  provisions  of  section  17  of  the  act 
of  ]\Iarcli  3,  1879,  as  will  authorize  the  adoption,  by  the  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury  and  the  Postmaster-General,  of  regulations  extending  to 
all  dutiable  articles  of  mail-matter  received  by  mail  from  foreign  conn- 
tries  the  same  facilities  of  transmission  by  mail  to  destination  and  de- 
livery to  the  addressees,  subject  to  ijaymentof  customs  duty,  as  are  now 
extended  to  dutiable  books  received  from  countries  of  the  Universal 
Postal  Union. 

SPECIAL  POSTAL-UNIOX  INTERNATIONAL  EXCHANGES. 

A  project  of  an  arrangement  relative  to  an  international  exchange  of 
small  parcels  not  exceeding  3  kilograms  in  weight,  which  was  submitted 
by  the  delegates  of  Germany  to  the  Paris  Convention  of  1878,  resulted 
in  the  assemblage  at  Paris,  in  October,  1880,  of  a  Postal  Conference, 
which,  on  the  3d  day  of  November  following,  concluded  a  convention 
to  go  into  operation  October  1,  1881,  for  an  exchange  of  such  parcels 
between  Germany,  Austro-Hungary,  Belgium,  Bulgaria,  Denmark, 
Egypt,  Spain,  France,  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  British  India,  Italy, 
Luxemburg,  Montenegro,  The  Netherlands,  Persia,  Portugal,  Eoumania, 
SerVia.  Sweden,  Norway,  Switzerland,  and  Turkey. 


REl'UKT    OF    THK    l-OSlMAbTEli-ail^EKAl..  053 

'Ibe  ]jostal-uuiou  couutries  which  have  takeu  advantage,  lo  date,  ol" 
the  permissiou  given  in  Article  14  of  the  Paris  Convention  to  make 
mutual  arranyemeuts  for  the  exchange  of  postal  cards  with  paid  reply 
arc  as  follows:  ArgxMitine  iRepublic,  Austro-Hungary,  fielgium,  Brazil, 
Colombia  [United  States  of],  Cuba,  France,  Germany,  Greece,  Hoinluras 
[Kepublic  of],  Italy,  Luxemburg,  Is'etherlands.  Netherlands  Colonies  in 
the  East  Indies,  Norway,  Paraguay,  Persia,  Porto  Kico,  Portugal. 
Portuguese  Colonies,  Roumania,  San  Salvador,  Ser\ia,  Spain,  Spanish 
Colonies,  Sweden,  Switzerland,  Tiu'key,  and  Uruguay. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Postal  intercourse  between  the  United  States  and  foreign  countries 
has  l)een  maintained  during  the  year  \\ith  accustomed  regulaiity,  and 
without  interruption,  save  in  the  following  instances: 

The  prevalence  of  yellow  fever  during  summer  months,  and  the  quar- 
antine regulations  resulting  therefrom  at  Xew  Orleans,  La.;  Galveston. 
Tex.;  Key  ^\'est,  Fla.,  and  several  towns  on  the  Rio  Grande,  compelled 
the  temporary  use  of  less  direct  routes  lor  the  transmission  of  exchanges 
between  the  United  States  and  Mexico  and  Havana,  Cuba,  respectively, 
involving  delay  to  the  mails  to  some  extent. 

The  occupation  by  Chilian  forces  of  Peruvian  territory,  resulting  in 
the  suppression*  of  the  postal  establishments  of  Peru,  and  the  estab- 
lishment in  their  stead  of  Chilian  post  offices,  under  the  charge  and 
direction  of  the  military  forces  of  Chili,  whilst  giving  rise  to  anomalous 
complications,  has,  at  the  same  time,  occasioned  delays  to  the  mails  from 
the  United  States  for  Peru,  and  complaints  of  alleged  loss  of  corre- 
spondence. 

In  connection  with  the  above,  it  should  be  stated  that  direct  postal 
intercourse  with  Brazil,  and  other  countries  on  the  east  coast  of  South 
America,  and  with  a  considerable  portion  of  the  West  India  Islands,  is 
entirely  dependent  upon  the  maritime  commercial  carrying  trade  with 
those  countries  and  islands,  the  varying  necessities  of  which  render  the 
mail  service  irregular  and  uncertain,  and  not  infrequently  prevent  suffi- 
cient notice  to  the  public  of  the  dispatches  occurring. 
Very  respectfully, 

JOSEPH  H.  BLACKFAN, 

Siiperhit€)idait. 


REPORT  OF  THE  TOPOGRAPHER  OF  THE  POSTOFEICE 

DEPARTMENT. 

Post-Office  Depart:vient,  Topographer's  Office, 

}Yashiiigton,  J).  C,  October  IS,  1882. 

Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  report  on  the  work  of  the  topogra- 
pher's office  during  the  past  year  (ending  Sej)tember  30,  1SS2),  with 
estimate  of  appropriation  required  for  tlie  liscal  year  ending  June  30, 
1884,  for  the  general  expenses  of  this  oiliec. 

Previous  to  the  pa.st  year  this  estimate  has  been  made  annually  for  a 
specific  total  amount,  to  include  the  salaries  of  the  employes  of  this 
office,  together  with  the  miscellaneous  ex])envses  in  "  the  ])reparation 
and  i)ublication  of  post-route  maps,"  but,  it  ha\iug  been  thought  better 
to  depart  from  this  special  presentation,  and  to  grou))  these  employes 
aJong  with  the  regular  personal  force  of  the  departmeut,  that  plan^was 


954  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

adopted  last  year  and  is  now  followed,  the  miscellaneous  expenses  of 
the  ofllce  being  provided  for  by  an  item  of  the  contingent  expenses  of 
the  Post-Otlice  Department. 

During  this  past  year  the  regular  duty  of  "keeping  up,"  with  all  the 
successive  changes,  the  exhibit  of  the  mail  service  of  the  country  on  the 
ina])s  and  diagrams  used  by  the  officers  and  clerks  in  the  several  bureaus, 
ami  tlie  furnishing  the  geographical  data  for  the  different  branches  of  the 
department,  has  been  accomplished  to  the  full  capacity  of  the  force 
allowed  and  employed. 

For  the  continuous  (daily)  use  of  the  officers  and  corresponding  clerks 
of  the  contract  office,  14:2  maps  or  diagrams  have  been  "kept  up,"  show- 
ing the  changes  in  the  service  at  least  once  a  month.  There  are  also 
kept  up,  under  the  same  conditions,  two  sets  (50  maps)  for  nee  in  the 
appointment  office,  and  three  sets  (C9  maps)  for  the  offices  of  the  Post- 
master-General, general  superintendent  of  railway  mail  service,  and 
topograi)her.  In  addition  to  this  constant  and  indispensable  assistance 
for  these  offices,  there  have  been  brought  up,  at  longer  intervals  than  a 
month,  184  maps  for  use  in  the  under-named  offices :  Finance,  money- 
order,  post-office  insi^ectors,  dead-letter,  Assistant  Attorney-General  for 
Post-Office  Department,  and  for  the  office  of  the  Sixth  Auditor  of  the 
Treasury  Department  (located  in  Post-Office  Department  building). 

lu  procuring  data  for  the  original  construction  and  additions  to  the 
post-route  max3S,  324  letters  of  inquiry  have  been  addressed  to  engineers 
and  other  officers  of  railroads,  in  most  cases  with  inclosure  of  a  special 
tracing  of  the  immediate  surrounding  country,  made  in  this  office,  to 
facilitate  their  returning  the  exact  lines  of  their  roads  for  transference  to 
our  maps.  With  the  same  view,  4,240  circular  queries  have  been  sent  to 
postmasters  to  get  the  locations  of  their  post-offices,  where  inadequately 
furnished  by  the  data  presented  to  and  reported  from  the  appointment 
office,  or  to  get  more  precise  definition  of  sites  and  adjacent  topography. 

The  miscellaneous  correspondence,  exclusive  of  the  above  circulars, 
consisted  of  2,980  letters  written  by  the  topographer  on  matters  appro- 
priate to  his  work.  The  number  of  letters  received,  exclusive  of  these 
returned  circular  queries,  was  3,119. 

Eight  thousand  two  hundred  and  fifty  sheets  of  post-route  maps,  col- 
ored (with  few  exceptions),  to  exhibit  the  i)ost-offices  and  the  frequency 
of  service  on  the  several  post-routes,  have  been  distributed  during  the 
year.  Of  these,  a  large  proportion  has  been,  as  in  former  years,  sent  to 
the  larger  post-offices  in  the  several  States  and  Territories,  either  for 
the  first  time  or  to  replace  (by  new  editions)  those  hitherto  supplied 
but  rendered  obsolete  by  the  great  additions  to  and  changes  in  the 
service.  The  largest  distribution  has  been  to  the  officers,  clerks,  and 
other  agents  of  the  railway  mail  service,  the  maps  (witli  the  latest  in- 
formation carefully  transcribed)  being  furnished  on  requisitions  from 
the  general  superintendent  and  division  superinteuilents  for  their  office 
use,  and  for  distribution  to  emi^loyes  in  that  special  service.  But  it 
being  impracticable,  for  various  reasons,  to  furnish  every  one  employed 
in  the  railway  mail  service  with  a  copy  of  these  elaborate  (and  con- 
stantly changing)  maps,  the  attempt  has  been  made  during  the  past  year 
to  construct  a  series  of  smaller  single-sheet  diagrams  to  show  the  rail- 
road system  of  a  State,  with  the  more  important  side  connections  ("star 
route").  Diagrams  of  seven  States  have  been  thus  made  and  a  large 
number  of  copies  placed  at  the  disposal  of  the  general  superintendent 
of  railway  mail  service;  and  from  the  satisfaction  expressed  from  their 
use  it  may  be  advisable  to  extend  this  construction  for  other  States. 
For  post-office  inspectors,  whose  duties  require  much  traveling,  many 


REPORT  OF  THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL.         955 

copies  of  the  various  maps  have  been  specially  prepared  in  portable  form, 
showing,  as  closely  as  possible,  the  existing  state  of  the  service. 

Tliiity-scven  per  cent,  of  all  the  post-route  maps  distributed  iu  vari- 
ous (juartcr.s  from  tliis  (topograplier's)  office  have  been  backed  with 
muslin,  mounted  on  rollers,  or  bound  for  i)ortable  use.  A  detailed  state- 
uient  of  this  <listribution  of  majjs  during  the  past  year  is  appended 
(marked  A),  w  ith  a  side  comparison  \Yith  the  numbers  for  the  two  pre- 
ceding years. 

Tin-  de])artment  has  continued  to  furnish,  when  available,  occasional 
copies  olthe  ixjst-route  niaps  to  the  other  governmental  bureaus;  their 
large  scale,  (.-learness  ol"  matter  without  sui>ei'tluity  of  detail,  rendering 
them  accei)table  for  reference  and  for  sj)ecial  exhibition  and  demarca- 
tion of  district  divisions,  «!v:c.  Maps  have  been  sent  tluring  the  past 
year,  in  comi)liance  with  request,  to  the  following: 

Treasury  Department,  Bureau  of  Statistics; 

Treasury  l)ei)artment,  LTnited  States  Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey  Office: 

War  De])artment,  Oftice  of  the  Secretary; 

War  Department,  Otiice  of  the  Chief  Engineer,  United  States  Army; 

War  Department,  Ollice  of  the  Paymaster-General,  United  States 
Army; 

War  DejiartnuMit,  Signal  Oftice,  United  States  Anny; 

Dej)artment  of  the  Interior,  General  Land  Oflice; 

Dei)artment  of  the  Interior,  Pension  Otiice; 

Dei>aitment  of  the  Intericu-,  Ollice  of  Auditor  of  Railroad  Accounts; 

Department  of  the  Interior,  Census  Otiice; 

DepartnuMit  of  the  interior.  United  States  Geological  Survey  011i<te; 

Department  of  Agriculture; 

National  Board  of  Health. 

It  may  be  deemed  proper  that  I  .should  notice  herein  that  the  contri- 
bution in  maps  and  books  from  the  Post-Oftice  De])artment  of  the  United 
States  to  the  exhibit  at  the  Interiuitional  Congress  of  Geography,  meet- 
ing at  A'enice,  Italy,  in  September  of  last  year,  has  been  recognize<l  by 
the  award  of  a  '' Letter  of  Distinction" — the  highest  class  of  awards 
conferred. 

The  calls  for  certificates  of  distances  required  in  the  settlement  of 
mileage  accounts  by  oflicers  of  the  jiublic  service  and  in  the  adjnstment 
of  telegraphic  rates  for  government  messages,  made  a  duty  of  the  to- 
pograi)her  of  this  department,  have  been,  as  usual,  ])romj)tly  answered. 
For  this  l!>i;  letters  have  been  answered,  covering  41-  (pieries.  That 
number  of  queries  is  but  small  ciunjiare*!  with  those  oi"  some  years  back, 
but  their  reference  to  this  ollice  is  necessitated  by  the  absence  of  any 
authoritative  table  of  distances.  There  are  gn'at  jn-actical  dilliculties 
in  the  compilation  of  an  extended  ami  correct  table,  still  such  a  publi- 
cation is  a  desideratum,  the  ''Distance  Tables"  of  this  departuu'ut, 
issued  in  187.1,  having  been  long  obsolete.  In  view  of  tke  great  labor 
that  would  attend  such  a  comi)iIation,  suggestions  have  at  varu)us  times 
been  made  for  a  joint  etfort  by  the  governmental  departments  most  in- 
terested iu  this  matter. 

During  the  i)ast  year  the  ])rei)aration  ami  publication — with  successive 
editions  to  keej)  pace  with  the  incessant  progress  of  the  postal  service — 
of  the  series  of  post  route  mai)s  have  been  continued  under  my  sujjcr- 
vision.  New  editions  lia\  c  been  issued  of  all  the  majts  hitherto  2)reparcd 
(20  in  number,  covered  by  0")  sheets).  Sufrcessive  editions,  at  short  in- 
tervals of  fhree  or  lour  months,  have  been  and  always  will  be  required 
to  show  the  numerous  additions  and  changes  of  postolhces,  ami  the 
course  and  frequency  of  service  on  the  several  post-routes. 


956  PAPKK.S    A(.'COMl'ANV'l.\G    T15K 

New  maps  (photolithographed  to  supersede.  IbriiiL'r  j)rovisiuiiiil  cupits) 
Ikivo  been  coi)ii)leted  of  Nmv  Mexico  and  Arizona,  of  Utah,  of  Oregon 
and  ^^■a.slungton,  and  of  Ibe.  INMi'itone.s  of  .Aloiilana,  Idaho,  and  Wy- 
oniin.u-,  and  enpaved  plates  have  been  completed  of  Airginia  and  West 
Virginia.  A  new  map  (photolithograplicd)  lias  b<MMi  produced  of  the 
Mississippi  Jtiver,  showing  the  river  and  side-connecting  service  between 
Saint  Louis  and  the  mouth.  There  still  remain  nn<lcr  construction,  at 
such  opportunities  as  the  draughtsmen  can  command,  drawings  for  new 
maps  of  Florida,  of  JTorth  Carolina  and  South  Carolina,  and  of  Cali- 
fornia and  i»fevada. 

It  is  to  be  noted  that  the  greater  part  of  the  time  of  the  emidoyes  of 
this  oilice  is  absorbed  in  making  the  incessant  additions  and  alterations 
to  the  maps  hii  hand.,  particularly  for  those  required  for  the  daily  use  of 
the  officers  and  clerks  of  the  department  headquarters,  who  must  have 
the  latest  information  graphically  presented,  to  be  used  along  with  their 
books  and  papers  of  record.  These  requirements  necessarily  limit  the 
number  of  copies  of  the  mai)s  available  for  outside  issue. 

T\\Q  personnel  of  this  office  now  consists  of — 

The  topographer. 

8  draughtsmen  (1  acting  as  principal  assistant,  and  1  specially  for 
lithographic  work). 

2  corresponding  clerks. 

20  map-colorists  and  copyists  (ladies). 

2  map- mounters. 

1  messenger. 

2  "watchmen  (day  and  night,  for  building  occupied  for  office). 

These  will  be  found  graded  in  the  general  appropriation  bill  (legis- 
lative, executive,  and  judicial)  for  the  existing  fiscal  year,  but  in  the 
estimate  for  nest  fiscal  year,  which  I  have  the  honor  to  x^resent  for  your 
consideration,  I  would  respectfully  submit  that  one  additional  draughts- 
man (clerk  of  second  class)  and  one  additional  messenger  (at  1720)  be 
added. 

The  present  force  of  draughtsmen  is  not  able  to  keep  up  with  the  con- 
stant and  urgent  and  ever-increasing  calls  for  the  briuging-up  of  the 
maps  used  daily  throughout  the  department  headquarters,  and  I  have 
been  obliged  to  detail  Mr.  W.  B.  Todd,  hitherto  acting  so  efficiently  as 
corresponding  clerk  and  general  aid,  for  duty  as  a  draughtsman  in  charge 
of  one  of  the  groups  of  States.  The  additional  messenger  is  almost  a 
necessity  for  the  proper  transmission  throughout  the  office  of  the  endless 
number  of  specific  orders  coming  up  at  every  moment  of  the  day.  The 
above,  it  is  submitted,  is  but  a  reasonable  increase  of  the  foree  for  these 
duties. 

I  take  pleasure  in  testifying  to  the  general  faithful  and  steady  work 
of  the  employes  of  this  office,  particularly  mentioning  the  efficient  lielp 
I  have  had  from  the  principal  assistant,  Mr.  Charles  E.  Gorham,  and 
from  the  two  corresponding  clerks,  Mr.  TV.  B.  Todd  and  Miss  E.  How- 
ard, and,  latterly,  Mrs.  1.  il.  Sykes. 

Very  respectfullv,  vour  obedient  servant, 

W.  L.  KICHOLSOX, 
Topographer  Fast- Office  Department. 

Hon.  T.  O.  Howe,  .v         ^ 

Postmaster-  General. 


REPORT    OF    THE    POSTMASTER-GEXERAL.  957 


KEPORT   OF  THE   AUDITOR  OF  THE  TREASURY  FOR  THE 
POST-OFFICE   DEPARTMENT. 

Office  of  thk  Auditor  of  the  Treasury 

FOR  THE   PoST-OFFICE  DEPARTMENT, 

Washington,  D.  C,  October  31,  1882. 

Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  herowith  the  animal  reinnt  of  tlie 
receipts  and  expenditures  of  the  PostOllice  Department,  as  sliown  by 
the  accounts  of  this  office,  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1882. 

REVENUE  ACCOUNT  OF   THE  POST-OFFICE  DEPARTMENT. 

Fiscal  year  1882: 

The  revenue  of  the  departmeut  for  the  liscal  year  ended  Juue  'M,  l^r^J, 

was $41,87«i,4in  i:, 

The  expenditure  for  tlie  service  of  the  yeai-  was 41),  O.yj,  (j:i4  7.') 

Excess  of  receipts 1, '^:j('«,  77.')   10 

Amount  of  balances  due  by  postmasters  charged  to  "bad 

debts"  and  "  •ompromis'e  "  accounts $143, 282  88 

Amount  of  baluuces  duo  iiostmasters, to  credit  of  "sus- 
pense" account 2,817  515 

140,46.'.  3.". 

Balance  available  for  service  of  l^.yi 1,  (5%,  310  O.'i 


Fiscal  year  1881 : 

Tiie  balance  available  for  the  service  of  1881  at  the  close  of  tlie  last 

annual  report  was .'jIS,  ii70  G.' 

The  amount  paid  during  the  last  fiscal  year  was 391),  314  ■■>- 

Balance  available  for  the  service  of  1881 1 VJ,  .'v)<">  07 


Fiscal  year  1860 : 

The  balance  available  for  the  service  of  1880  at  the  close  of  the  last 

annual  report  was M-^.  4.'>3  93 

The  amount  paid  durinj^  the  last  liscal  year  was 42,032  7f'i 

Baluucf  uuexp.iidod  for  1h-0 4lH5,421  17 


Fiscal  year  187'.i  and  previous  years: 

'I  ho  amount  jihiced  with  the  Treasurer,  under  the  act  approved  Aujjuf*! 

8,  1882  (Public,  No.  2U.'>,  pa;;es27  Hnd30),  was ti,5i>.">  12 

The  amount  paid  to  September  30,  lHb2,  was l,0:iU  14 

Bahinco  available  on  this  aeeount .'^  'o.'!  '.i- 

SUMMARY   OF   1JEV13NUES  AND  EXPENDITURES. 

Revenue  of  188^2 .' *U..«'7(;.4lti  l.'. 

C  Jrants  from  the  Treasury,  1879  and  i>roviouH  years  (claims) (J,  'I'.i.'.  \U 

Total  reooipls 41, -83.<X».'.  27 


058  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

Expenditures  for  1882 U^,  039, 634  75 

Expenditures  for  1881 399,314  58 

Expenditures  for  1880 42,032  76 

Expenditurea  for  1879  and  previous  years 1,039  14 

Total  expenditures $40,482,021  23 

1, 400, 984  04 
Net  amount  charged  to  "bad  debts  "  and  "compromise"  acouuts  dur- 
ing the  year,  less  credits  by  "  suspense  " 140, 465  35 

Excess  of  receipts 1,260,518  69 

Of  the  amount  charged  to  "bad  debt"  and  "  compromivse"  accounts, 
$133,672.84  is  the  sum  of  uncollectable  balances  of  accounts  found  open 
from  1789  to  1856,  the  ledgers  having  been  reviewed  for  that  period. 

The  balance  standing  to  the  credit  of  the  general  revenue  account  at 

the  close  of  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30, 1881,  was $3,979,814  46 

Excessof  receipts  during  last  fiscal  year 1,260,518  69 

Balance  to  the  credit  of  the  revenue  account  at  the  close  of  the  fiscal 

year  ended  June  30,  1882 5,240,333  15 

_       ,      ,   ,  ,         ,        <  accounts  in  suit $245,202  83 

Due  by  late  postmasters  I  accounts  not  in  suit 225, 828  60 

471,03143 

4,769,301  72 
DEFICIENCY  ACCOUNT. 

The  amount  appropriated  from  the  general  Treasury  to  supply  deficien- 
cies in  the  revenue  of  the  Post-Office  Department  for  the  fiscal  year 
ended  June  30,  1882,  was $2,152,258  00 

The  amount  remaining  undrawn,  there  having  been  no  deficiency,  is.      2, 152, 258  00 

'  POSTMASTERS'  QUARTERLY  ACCOUNTS-CURRENT. 

The  net  revenues  of  the  department  from  postages,  being  the  aggre- 
gate revenues  at  post-oflSices  for  the  fiscal  year,  less  the  compensation 
of  postmasters  and  clerks  and  the  contingent  office  expenses,  were: 

For  the  quarter  ended  September  30, 1881 $6,199,870  23 

For  the  quarter  ended  December  31,  1881 7, 236, 620  49 

For  the  quarter  ended  March  31,  1882 7,480,798  28 

For  the  quarter  ended  June  30, 1882 6,872,633  57 

Total 27,789,922  57 

The  number  of  quarterly  returns  of  postmasters  received  and  audited, 
on  which  the  above  sum  was  found  due  the  United  States,  was : 

For  the  quarter  ended  September  30,  1881 44,502 

For  the  quarter  ended  December  31,  1881 44,808 

For  the  quarter  ended  March  31,  1882 44,979 

For  the  quarter  ended  June  30, 1882 45,285 

Total 179,574 

STAMPS  SOLD. 

The  amount  of  stamps,  stamped  envelopes  and  wrappers,  newspaper 
and  periodical  stamps,  and  postal  cards  sold,  was: 

For  the  quarter  ended  September  30,  1881 ' $9,  040, 588  29 

For  the  quarter  ended  December  31,  1881 10,179,991  18 

For  the  quarter  ended  March  31,  1882 10,486,540  42 

For  the  quarter  ended  June  30,  1882 9,996,237  11 

Total 39,703,357  00 


KEPORT    OF   THE   POSTMASTER-GENERAL.  959 

The  amount  of  official  stamps  furnished  the  dififerent  de- 
}>artments,  included  in  the  above  amount  of  stamps  sold, 
was: 

For  the  State  Department $2,040  00 

Forthe  War  Department 13'J,fi:{=)  98 

For  the  Interior  Department 21,1>07  00 

For  the  Department  of  Agriculture l.'iOl  50 

For  the  Navy  Department 6:0  00 

Total  ofiBcial  stamps $166, 15    48 

Total  ordinary  stamps  sold 'S-j,537,'202  52 

LETTER  POSTAGES. 

The  amount  of  postage  paid  in  money  was $97,585  32 

Included  in  tlie  above  amount  are  the  following  sums  paid  by  foreign  coun- 
tries in  the  settlement  of  their  accounts: 

Kiuj^dom  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland $14,779  44 

Dominion  of  Canada IvJ,  756  46 

Republic  of  Mexico 2,615  8;'» 

Empire  of  Japan 4,0:59  17 

Kingdom  of  Spain 1,0:?()  ^'9 

Colony  of  New  South  Wales 740  25 

Kingdom  of  Norway 101  90 

Empire  of  Austria - 40  ;U 

Republic  of  Switzerland 'A9  IS 

Colony  of  Queensland 53  56 

Postal  admiuistration  of  Hong-Kong,  China ^ 99  91 

Administration  of  Straits  Settlements,  East  Indies 12  75 

37, 245  70 

Balance  collected  by  postmasters TRl,  3:59  V>2 

The  following  balances  were  paid  and  charged  to  the  appropriations 
for — 

BALANCES  DUE  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES. 
Service  of  1882: 

Empire  of  Germany $4,444  62 

Kingdom  of  Belgium H,  ,*J9  49 

Republic  of  Franco 2,212  35 

Kingdom  of  Denmark 2,  Gti2  49 

Kingdom  of  Koumania 152  65 

Kingdom  of  Sweden 638  10 

Kingdom  of  Italy 2,093  14 

International  Bureau — Postal  Union 670  50 

Total,  1882 $21,733  34 

Service  of  previous  years : 

Empire  of  Germany $4,444  62 

Kingdom  of  Belgium '^,829  49 

Republic  of  France 2,242  :)5 

Kingdom  of  Denmark 2,6(12  49 

Kingdom  of  Koumania 1 52  <)5 

Kingdom  of  Sweden €u\S  10 

Kingdom  of  Italy 2,093  14 

Colony  of  St.  Thomas,  W.I 809  04 

Colony  of  the  Bahamas 61  07 

Total  for  provioii.s  years 21 ,  932  95 

Aggregate  amount  paid 43,  GG6  29 

MAIL   TRANSPORTATION. 
The  amount  charged  to  "transportation  accrued'' and  placed  to  tlie 
credit  of  mail  contractors  and  otlicrs  for  mail  transportation  thuing  the 
fiscal  year  was: 

For  the  regular  supply  of  mail  routes $19,729,240  84 

Forthe  supply  of  "special"  otlices 42,939  24 

For  the  supply  of  "  mail  messenger  "  offices 724,714  69, 


960  PAPERS  ACCOMPANYING   THE 

For  the  salaries  of  i^ostal  railway  clerks,  route  agents,  local  mail 
agents,  aud  mail-route  messengers 3,235,907  95 

For  the  salaries  and  expenses  of  the  superintendents  of  the  railway- 
mail  service - ...-......-.- 44,208  11 

Total 723,777,016  83 

FOREIGN  MAIL  TRANSPORTATION. 

New  York,  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  and  countries  be- 
yond, via  Great  Britain $191,654  94 

New  York,  (Jreat  Britain  and  Ireland,  and  Germany,  and 

countries  beyond 62,  r)76  53 

Philadelphia,  Great  Britain  and  Ireland 3,233  16 

Boston,  Great  Britain  and  Ireland 840  90 

Post-Office  Department  of  Canada,  English  mail 406  77 

New  York,  Baltimore,  Philadelphia,  Boston,  Key  West, 
New  Orleans,  aud  San  Francisco,  West  Indies,  Cen- 
tral aud  South  America,  Mexico,  &c — 30,59t)  20 

New  York  and  Newfoundland - 21  54 

Baston  and  Nova  Scotia -. 65  36 

Baltimore  and  Bremen 28  69 

Upper  Pacific  coast,  local  mail 727  06 

San  Francisco,  China,  Japan,  Farther  India,  Australia,  and 

South  Sea  Islands 16,537  38 

Expenses  of  government  mail  agent  at  Aspinwall 705  00 

Expenses  of  government  mail  agent  at  Panama 1.125  00 

Expenses  of  government  mail  agent  at  Shanghai,  China.  1,043  61 

309,564  14 


Total 24,0«6,580  97 

The  amount  credited  to  transportation  accrued  and  charged  to  mail 
contractors  for  over-credits,  being  for  "iines  and  deductions,"  was.  222, 115  65 

Net  amount  of  transportation  accrued 23,864,465  32 

The  amount  paid  during  the  year  was 22,766,887  10 

Excess  of  transportation  accrued -- 1,097,578  22 

PACIFIC  RAILROAD  ACCOUNT. 

lucluded  iu  the  above  amount  of  trausportation  accrued  are  the  fol- 
lowing balances  accrued  for  the  ti'ausportatiou  of  the  mails  over  Pacifi<j 
railroads,  certified  to  the  Register  of  the  Treasury  under  instructions 
of  the  Secretary,  dated  May  19,  1879,  aud  August  28,  1880.  The  items 
are  not  charged  as  expenditures  of  the  Post-Office  Department  (see  Stat- 
utes, vol.  20,  page  420) : 

Regular  service,  1382: 

Union  Pacific  Railway  Company $509,399  69 

Central  Pacific  Railroad  Coujpauy 463,856  4-' 

Sioux  City  and  Pacific  Railroad  Company 22, 433  41 


Use  of  postal  cars,  1882  : 

Union  Pacific  Railway  Cnmpauy 68,716  03 

Central  Pacific  Railroad  Company 53, 768  44 


$1, 0.'.'i,  6S9  53 


122, 4p4  47 


Total  certified  for  service  of  1882 1, 178, 17 1  05 

Regular  service  of  previous  years: 

Central  Pacific  Railroad  Company 36, 000  60 

Sioux  City  and  Paci  fie  Railroad  Company 10  72 


Total  certified  for  service  of  previoxis  years 36,011  32 

Aggregate  amount  certified  during  the  fiscal  year 1,214,185  37 

STATESIENT  OP  THE  CONDITION  OF  ACCOUNTS  OF  LATE  POST^tASTEBS. 

Balance  due  the  United  States  brought  forward  from  last  report $510,690  91 

Balance  due  the  United  States  on  account  ('1'  postmasvt^rs  becoming  late 

during  the  fiscal  year 378, 887  64 

889,578  75 


REPORT    OF    IHE    POSTMASTER-GENEKAL. 


9GI 


Amount  collected  during  the  year $-.")■!,  070  8^{ 

Amount  charged  to  "suspense" 21, 193  61 

Amount  charged  to  "bad  and  compromiee  debts " 1 13,  '■iS'i  88 


§418,547  3i 


Balance  remainiug  doe  United  States 471,031  4:5 

Of  which  there  is  in  suit *J4o,a02  83 

Not  in  suit 22.'),  828  GO 

471,031  43 


Balance  dne  late  postmasters  brought  forward  from  last  re- 
port         -ti,  (>;4  97 

Amount  becoming  due  during  the  fiscal  year ol,'Jll  27 


Amount  paid  during  the  year tJti,  501  2S 

Amount  credited  to  "suspense" 2t,01l  14 


13a, GOG  24 


lX),r.l2  40 


Balance  remaining  due  lato  postmasters 47, 493  h4 


Amount  in  suit  Juno  30,  IStil 2.'i7,:U»H  Ot"., 

Amount  submitted  for  suit  during  the  fiscal  year 1, 507  i:'. 


Of  which  there  was  collected  during  the  year. 
A  mount  otherwise  settled 


r),4l9  53 
7, 190  fs; 


258,813  19 


13.610  36 


Balance  remaining  in  suit 245, 202  83 


Amount  of  costs  and  interest  collected  in  suit. 


1,211  00 


Statement  of  the  vet  revenue  derived  from  the  domestic  moncy-ordir  transactions  for  the  year 
ended  June  30,  1882,  and  of  the  international  money-order  transactions  for  the  year  endtd 
June  30,  1881. 

Revenue  accrued  on  domestic  money-order  transactions,  1882 •5-'!;0,341  17 

Revenne    accrued  on    international    money-order   trans- 
actions: 

Revenue  accrued  on  Canadian  transactions  for  1881 $7,776  31 

Revenue  accrued  on  British  transactions  fi>r  1881 41,(566  79 

Revenue  accrued  on  German  transjutions  for  1881 1"^,908  10 

Revenue  accrued  on  Swiss  transactions  lor  I'v'l 2,412  33 

Revenue  accrued  on  Italian  transactions  for  1881 "^,469  25 

Revenue  accrued  on  French  transactions  lor  1881 1, 1»>3  40 


Total  international tO,  42«)  18 


Total  net  revenue  paid  to  postal  account 360, 7»»7  3,'i 

The  following  tables,  numbered  from  1  to  1!>,  inclusive,  exhibit  morr 
in  detail  the  financial  transactions  of  the  dei)artment  lor  the  tiscal  year: 

No.  1. — Statement  exhlhiting  t/unrtirly  the  rvriipt->  of  the  J'oht-Ojlice  Department,  under  their 
sevcrul  hfadn,  for  Iht  fiscal  year  rnded  June  30,  l^r^. 


Arconnts. 


Letter  postago 

Box-rentH  iiud  brnnch  of- 
fices  

Fiues  and  penalties 

l'o8tape-8tamp»,  Htaniped 
ouvelopesaiid  wrappore, 
and  poKtal  caixl.s 

Beiul  letters , 

Kovonue  from  monoy^or- 
der  buRiness 

illJacellaneonH , 


Qnart<>r  end-  \  (^uai-tor  rnd-     Quarter  tnid-     QnnrtAT  end-  ' 
od  StipU'iii-        (>d   Decern-        (hI    ^Lorch        cd  Juno  30,  ',  AxsTent«. 
bpr:^,!^!.        h«T31,18«l.        31,1882.  188S. 


$48,  218  32 


!t93,u27  10 
l.WO  :i7 


$20,880  54 


40.1,  422  78 
.'■.,  304  25 


9.040.588  -.t)     10.  170,991   18 
1, 423  90  3,  217  W 


5, 908  91 


|2.'>,  GOO  37 


422, 14S  81 
12. 472  12 


10,  466.  .^40  42 
].'£»  99 


$2,817  09 


107,  i»i  :rj 


433, 03«  4«  ,     1.  ra,  132  21 
1,010  25  20, 42««i 


7,584  77 


8,178  Oft 


Total 0,400,700  95  110.020,400  90     10,056,236  80 


61  Ab 


0.906.2r  11 
1,7M  36 


300.707  35 
12.811  88 


39, 703, 3.' 7  0(1 
7,  6.'.T  Ki 


3M.  787  3.-. 
34,  483  U. 


10,809,000  SO  I  41,870,410  15 


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REPORT    OF   THE   POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 


963 


000»  ^  (NO>->0000 

COfl  t~  CI  o  oo  .-< 

«*  o  r-  CI  CM- c  CI 

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■a  00  <a 
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—  «  3  H  3 


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964 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 

No.  3. — Statement  of  tlie  jxyxtal  rece'qHs  and  exjyenditurca 


Receipts. 


States  and  Territories^ 


ca 


s  " 

4^. 


Maine 

New  Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachnsetts . . . 
Rheile  Island  — 

Connecticut 

IS'ew  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania  — 

Delaware 

Maryland 

"Virjrinia 

West  Virginia  ... 
North  Carolina... 
South  Carolina... 

Georgia 

Florida 

Ohio 

Michigan 

Indiana 

Illinois 

"Wisconsin 

Iowa 

Missouri 

Kentucky -. 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Arkansas 

Louisiana 

Texas 

Ciilifomia 

Oregon 

Minnesota 

Kansas 

Nebraska  , 

Nevada 

Colorado 

Utah 


New  Jlexico 

■Washington 

Dakota 

Arizona 

Idaho 

Wyoming 

Montana 

Al.ns'ka 

District  of  Columbia. 
Ind.  Territor }' 


$0  18 

03 

OS 

,254  17 


43, 


C3 
325  14 

1  77 
64G  61 

n\ 

1  32| 

3  89 

33| 
7  40| 

8l| 
6  97 


Deduct  miscellaneous  items. 
Add  misceUaneoua  items. ... 


9  85 
9  24 

3  12 

0  90 
C  25| 
2  59 

19  82 

2  75 

4  57 

8  01 

1  08 

3  82 
00 

7  21 

3  85 

1  70 

23  13 

9  92 
35  61 

58 
1  90 
1  OS 

24 
3  21 
1  88 


1  66 

2  20 
2  00 


$193  99 

18-t  00 

167  90 

1, 249  33 

152  24 

3.';7  85 

6,731  58 

368  11 

1,507  07 

24  09 

124  22 

156  67 

77  72 

68  081 

45  52 

209  51 

31  38 

2, 139  37 

803  27 

887  95 

2, 912  73 

448  96 

633  70 

99C  40 

518  67 

174  83 

71  39 

56  69 

52  20 

128  69 

225  18 

474  28 

62  60 
303  49 
223  11 

92  44 

15  25 

246  80 

63  24 
13  45 

6  34 
30  .59 
30  10 
22  92 

i  88 
50  47 


$22,  609  25 

16,  950  91  i 
11,813  62| 

124,  007  87; 
21,  798  92: 
45,  938  84; 

186,  901  34| 
30, 716  73 

105,  537  75 

1,  823  13 
11, 799  73' 
13, 470  41,' 

5,591  3C! 
10, 444  56; 

7,  689  45i 

17,  492  291 
6,  870  69l 

97,  802  72| 
83,  743  54 
54, 128  99 
128,  993  89: 
57,  304  53! 
90, 108  20! 

45,  208  8ll 
20,  572  47| 

12,  819  03 
14, 191  83 
14,  383  43 
12, 110  75 

18,  510  50 
48,  303  70 
66,  970  06 
12, 124  22! 
37,  503  48i 

46,  611  68; 
24, 750  99 
11,  044  00 
44,  206  131 

8,  302  49| 
4, 748  50; 
5,  720  06! 

13,  874  54 
5,771  25! 

2,  576  95: 

3,  672  35 
11, 927  42 


73 


363  09 
60 


4, 719  58: 
608  551 


342, 
312, 

2,  666, 
294, 
774, 

7,  376, 
817, 

3,  684, 

94, 
729, 
608, 
219, 
303, 
240, 
491, 
146, 

2,  629, 
1,  377, 
1,  057, 

3,  360, 
956, 

1,  280, 

1,676, 

607, 

479, 

299, 

246, 

226, 

389, 

745, 

1, 068, 

158, 

721, 

689, 

399, 

73, 

438, 

110, 

72, 

67, 

191, 

56, 

40, 

41, 

86, 

253, 
23, 


262  53, 
144  26 
114  29 

558  23 
820  02 
237  36 
041  01 
253  23 
.527  04' 
911  07 
629  35: 
531  10' 
326  99 
561  83 
911  80 
604  40 
400  79' 
705  54! 
195  50; 
516  08' 
023  06 
557  83 
913  16. 
793  42 
616  88; 
295  22 
576  38 
117  89| 
671  961 
494  51 1 
269  66i 
187  52! 
960  15' 
378  38' 
538  64; 
198  5ll 
567  47 
341  65 
132  801 
088  83 1 
814  43 
727  59. 
335  44I 
239  30: 
456  86 
878  75; 
337  84 
399  24I 
090  771 


$627, 

359, 

324, 

2, 798, 

316, 

820, 

7,  612, 

848, 

3, 800, 

96, 

741, 

622, 

224, 

314, 

254, 

509, 

153, 

2, 729, 

1,461, 

1.112, 

3, 491, 

1, 014, 

1, 371, 

1,  723, 

628, 

492, 

313, 

260, 

238, 

408, 

793, 

1, 135, 

171, 

759, 

736, 

424, 

84, 

482, 

118, 

76, 

73, 

205, 

62, 

42, 

45, 

98, 

258, 
23, 


1 
065  95! 
280  10' 
095  87 
069  59! 
771  18; 
514  68; 
999  071 
339  841 
219  07: 
758  47i 
554  62i 
162  07 
996  40l 
081  87! 
647  58 
313  17! 
302  86 
717  48 
751  55: 
536  14| 
936  58 
317  5T 
657  71; 
018  45 
710  77i 
293  65 
847  61 
559  09t 
838  73 
133  76 
865  75 
635  71 
148  73 
208  481 
383  35 
077  55 
627  30 
796  48 
559  61 
851  02 
544  091 
634  6OI 
136  791 
840  83 
136  29. 
858  64' 
337  84 
481  91 
700  65 


58,424  45'  23,  68^  891,649,891  55   39,533,317  21   41,26.1,317  10 


39,100  87 1 


2,  240  CO,        170,  039  79         211,  441  ::: 


97,585  32  23,683  891,652,132  21  39,703,357  00'  41,476,758  42 


liKPORT    01'    T!iK    POSTMASTER-GEXERAL. 

0/  lite  Uiiilid  St  at  en  for  tliejhail  ytur  ouhd  June  [W,  1832. 


965 


Exiienditares. 


.01 


$192.  Oil  78i 
128,  327  30 

125. 288  06, 
384, 808  00; 

44, 238  y?! 
189. 976  00 
822,  943  94  1, 
204,  707  22 
688,  200  731 

26,  311  07j 
104.  &41  50i 
107,  -.39  47 

82,703  13, 
126, 45,'".  73 

83, 606  72! 
143, 690  52: 

58,  317  42; 
557,  722  21 
406,  906  36 
338, 896  06l 
624.  296  181 
295.  907  51 

452. 289  36 
318,  XO  52 
171.  m  80' 
136. 137  04I 
116, 657  87| 
114,  836  96' 

98, 705  831 

77. 375  06 

260,  973  05: 

236,  374  08 

56,  477  43 

203,  337  53 

277,  035  62, 

143,091  42 

40,  2.-'l  72 

122,037  99 

43,941  83' 

30, 788  35 

30, 743  47; 

84, 643  62, 

25,994  39 

21,480  30 

18. 191  48 

38,  24-.'  44; 

17^  51  .. 

4,  465  79 

12,  317  02 


o  ci  u 


a  o 


$56,916  93 

22,  t«S  78' 
15,  6C2  32i 

349.  217  58 
32,  810  32' 
77, 00.',  92 

177,  187  79; 
54,  1!I3  201 

400,  y:t2  14, 
6.  537  58. 
92,  600  09| 
51,  282  30: 
14,  4»i3  68, 
19,  640  371 
13,730  10 
48,  203  72| 
10,530  81; 

256, 192  00 
97,665  15| 
95,  hl3  O81 

439, 652  69 
80,701  75 
79,  375  43 

192,352  10 
51,  445  lU 
48,  293  CO 
26, 822  22 
14,005  18 
19,  3.'>5  H4 
58, 752  98 
67,  789  43 

141,228  971 
11,550  95i 
58,  833  881 
47,  496  021 
29,419  95! 
10,  077  73 
57,784  17| 
12,780  21i 

3,  457  57| 
3,116  60 

11,025  60 

4,  90U  34 
l,(iS4  .W 
3,  027  48 
7,7aT  90 


$14,  540  07; 

7,772  30 

2  G4S  37 

2-loiu92  Ott 

26,  412  43 1 

35,244  69 

709,  997  9(» 

74,  179  39' 

371,765  34; 

8,502  5:!  I 

76,8{il  12! 

24,  640  80i 

6.  663  40 

'"T.ioo'&il 

20,  664  05j 

'i62,755'66 
45,  257  54 
55,984  96 

211.772  89| 
30, 148  04 
25, 032  02 

143,'704  41 1 
35,660  19 
20,  078  OK 
5, 114  19 

4,259  95 
44,834  64 
15, 131  81 
74,064  18 

4,  503  75 
26,274  94 

8,  193  08 

8,  937  49 

"is," 516  90 


$50. 465  50 
22,  352  80 

15,  766  31 
2i;9,794  09 

10, 160  76 
53,  457  51 

404,071  17 
33,  515  47 

312,  376  47 

8,243  41 

57,  323  92 

64,  497  29 

17.  397  23 
29, 245  79 
42,  286  25 
94,  448  45 

18,  562  Kf 
559.  X9G  67 
116,926  84 
116,611  01 
39-t,  405  97 

6K,  095  77| 
131,107  91 
242,  998  08i 
58,333  45; 
76,  175  06 
22,  .595  69 
17,  5n5  11 
27,59-1  40; 
28,471  48 
59,  839  80 
t5,762  15 
16,480  73| 
70,  .552  07| 
81,  761  30' 
73,  80X  81 
•J,  029  93 
37,915  74 
33,  55  J  02 

16,  840  93 
4,435  84 
9,9;iG  41 
1,  2.58  5(t 
1,224  22 

324  38; 
62  03 


$229,  046  47 
105,  191  03 
144,935  12 
447,571  22 
48,  487  29 
202,920  17 

1,  897.  388  37 
3u7,529  71] 

1,009,  504  84 
27,9i3  92 
412,316  60 
596,  937  02' 
121,799  23. 
274,  438  :i5: 
212,521  52 
411,251  00 
177,065  81 

l,4,'i3.6-15  41 
454,  .321  83 
Wl,86:i  04 

1,157,  .500  30 
402,620  72 
537,  479  6^ 
933,  656  5:: 
401,9:!5  39 
2;t0,  41W  ."1 
:j26,  087  .'-.H 
2(17,414  90 
278,  335  06 
274,078  61 
8^49.  151  00 

1,106.557  fill 
200,  111  hn 

371.713  U 
.5t}9.  064  74 
070,021  07, 
1H9,  573  03I 
4.30,  776  55; 
278,  494  OM 

94, 183  54' 

130.714  5-4' 
li;o,  081  on 
2.55,244  071 
10<l,  104  36 

5."),  777  47i 
186.  325  60 


1,30,  077  55 
297  00 


48,  477  09 


133,40:1  84  , 
10  00 


95.  377  4 li 


$.'>42,981  41  , 
2S6,  332  36  . 
;«)4,500  18. 

1,  717,  481  49  . 
162, 129  77  . 
018, 004  29  . 

5,011,5h9  17  . 
674, 124  99  . 

2,  782,  779  52  . 

77,598  51. 
743,  703  22 
934,  896  88 
243,  026  70 
449,  780  24 
3.59,  305  23 
718,2.58  64 
261,  476  k7 

2,970,211  (-9 

1,121.077  72  . 

1,109,  109  65  . 

2.  827,  628  03  . 
877,433  79  . 

1,  225,  2;<4  36l . 

1,830,991  63; 
719,171  04I 
511,7.52  89| 
497,  277  85, 
354,742  151 
42S,  251  68 
•l.<'!,  512  80 

1,  252.  .'■>5  09 

1,  643.  !lr6  91*! 
295,  129  74' 
736,712  40  . 
9S«i,  .\50  r>oi 
92.'.,  s;9  34 
222,5<iJ  41 1 
Of.2,  031  35! 
348.770  II 
14.5,  2';8  39 
109,010  45, 
200,  286  80i 
2^7.457  3ir 
184,  .553  3.S 
77,820  81 
232, 414  93, 
177  51  . 
310,485  17 
10^  001  43 


si 

•52 


2.148 
312,734 
IK,  030 
135,  098 
104.6.S7 
208,  945 
111,  174 
240, 494 


107, 973 
90.  460 
19,  459 

183,  430 

94,  183 
ISO.  412 

7.5,  379 
4.59,019 
508,  351 
123,  981 

'2.56,"  i  67' 
.501,801 

i:r7, 035 

179,234 

2:10,210 

68,417 

95,  406 
60.  652 

225,  320 
141,712 
32.  084 
183.550 


$81,084  54  1 
. !  72,  'Ml  74  2 
l!<,  .505  69  3 
.  1,  O.-iO.  ."-HS  10  4 
.  I  1.54,641  41  5 
.  201,910  39  0 
.2.601,409  9<t  7 
J  174,214  85  8 
.  1,  017.  4.39  55  9 
.1       19,159  96  10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

10 

17 

18 

340,873  83  19 
3,  306  49  20 
684.308  65  21 
136,  883  78  22 
146. 373  35  2.1 
24 


18 


24  ... 
24  ... 
06... 
95... 

04  ... 
."4  . . . 


(»,003 
M.300 


2«f.. 

78!.. 


...27 

2JJ 

29 

30 

31 

32 

33 

22, 400  02  34 

.15 

38 

37 

38 

SO 

40 

41 

".!"...  43 

44 

45 

40 

108  33  47 

48 

49 


g.  064.  606  50  4,  509. 343  C5 : 
""io.7il  22      'i8.'225'84 


.  617,  574  60  4, 003,  044  05  10,  615,  480  54  30, 710. 050  20  S,  184, 090  58  C 

105,208  50         70,060  42       70,080  42l.. 

5,688  18  516  03 ' ] 


no.  254  48 


8, 975, 317  72  4,  527,  569  49  2,  623, 262  74  4,  003,  561  iH  19, 510, 280  95  39, 039.  092  78  5,  1 U,  B3«  10  8,  051  tab  9^ 

I  :  I  1  I  I 


966  PAPERS  ACCOM? ANYINa  THE 

No.  3. — Stalemcnt  hij  ,Slatc8  of  the,  yoatal  receipts  and  expenditures,  ^c. — Conlinued. 


Items  of  expenditure  of  a  pononil  nature  not  em- 
braced above. 


Amount  paid  for  foroipn  mails  and 

expt'UHi'Sdf  KOViMiiiiieni  aftoiits. ...  $300,414  38 

JlalaiK'.os  paid  forcijin  countries 43,  660  2U 

Sliip,  stcauilioat,  and  way  letters 1,  444  38 

AVrapping-papcv 19, 00;i  59 

Twiiio 52,754  64 

PoHt-routo  niajis 51,914  OU 

Advevtimufi 23,282  74 

Mailbaps  and  catchers 140,000  07 

Salary  and  expenses  of  aaaistaut  su- 
perintendents of  the  railway  mail 

service '. 44,208  11 

Mail  locks  and  keys 105,120  07 

I'ositnmrking  and  canceling  stamps. .  14, 144  30 
Mail  depredations  and  post-oflice  in- 
spectors   167,579  56 

Letter  balances 10,000  00 

Expenses  of  postage-stamps,  stamped 

euveloijos,  wrappers  and  cards 834,134  94 

Dead-letter,  ollicial,  and  registered- 
package  envelopes 72, 474  53 

Sundry  and  miscellaneous  payments .  46, 466  07 
Total  excess  of  receipts  over  expendi- 
tures   1,394,388  92 


3, 333, 995  59 


Items  of  receipt  of  a  general  nature  not  embraced 
above. 


Recf  ipts  on  account  of  dead  letters - 
Receii)t8  on    account  of  fines  and 

penalties 

Eeccipis  on  account  of  miscellane- 
ous  

Kevcnue  from  money-order  business 
Excess  of  leceipts  brought  down . . . 
Excess  of  transportation  accrued. .. 


$7,  657  63 

20, 420  99 

10,799  70 

300,  767  35 

1,836,765  04 

1,  097, 578  22 


3,  333, 995  59 


REPORT    OF   THE    POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 


967 


No.  4. — Staleinmt  sliouiny  the  coiidilion of  the  account,  uith  lach  item  of  the  appropriation , 
for  the  service  of  the  Fosl-Ojfue  Department  for  thefical  mar  niiled  June  :{0,  l(i*i. 


Title  of  appropriationa. 


Ainouut  appro- 
priut.-(l,iiirlii<l. 
in;;  mim  Li:il  mts 
andafUcii'iices. 


Expended. 


Balance  iin- 
expended. 


Exi'088   of 

expcudi- 
ture«. 


Compensation  of  postmasters 

Compensation  of  clerks  for  post-ofticcs. .. 

Compensation  of  lettor-carriora  and  inci- 
dental ezpensea , 

"Wrapping-paper 

Twine , 

Postmarkin i;  and  canceling  stamps 

Letter-balances 

Rent,  light,  and  fael  for  post-offices 

Stationery 

I'nmitnre  for  post-offices 

Miscellaneous,  olUco  of  First  Assistant 
Postraaator-General 

Inland  mail  transportation,  railroad 

Inland  mail  transportation,  special  facili- 
ties, railioads , 

Inland  mail  transportation,  star 

Inland  mail  traiisport.'ition,  steamboat. . . 

Transportation  by  postal-cars 

Compensation  of  railway  post-oflice  clerks. 

Compensation  of  route-njronts 

Compensation  of  niail-roule  mosseugera 

Compensation  of  local  agents 

Compensation  of  mail-messeugera 

Mail  locks  and  keys 

Mall-baKs  and  catchers 

Post-route  maps 

Mail  depredations  and  post-office  inspectors 

Postage-stamps 

Distribution  of  postage-stamps 

Stamped  envelopes  and  newspaper  wrap- 
pers   

Distribution  of  stamped  envelopes  and 
newspaper  wrappers 

Postal  cards 

Distribution  of  postal  cards 

Kegistered,  official,  and  doad-letter  envel- 
opes  

Ship,  steamboat,  and  way  letters 

Engraving,  printing,  and  binding  drafts 
and  warrants 

Advertising , 

Miscellaneous,  office  of  the  Postmaster- 
General 

Foreign  mail  transportation 

Balances  due  foreign  countries 

Wiscelhiueous,  oliiirof  tho  Second  Assist- 
ant l'o«tfn:i8tcr-(;ent'ral  

Miscellaneous,  office  of  the  Third  Asfist- 
aiit.  I'ostniaster-General 

Befund  to  New  Zealand  and  Now  South 
Wal.s 

Miscellaneous,  money-ord^r  building 

Kent,  luoney-ordor  building 

Furniture,  iiioney-order  building 


$«,  992, 200  88 
3,  950,  000  00 

2,  025,  000  00 
25,  000  00 
55,  000  00 
1.1,000  00 
10,  000  00 
4L'5,  000  (10 
50,  000  00 


20,  000  00 

90,000  00 

10, 008,  282  00 

42.5,  000  00 

7, 900,  000  00 

«L'5,  000  00 

1,  420,  000  00 

1,  590,  000  00 

1,  320,  000  00 

200,  000  00 

1.50,  000  00 

77.5,  7.50  00 

2.5,  000  00 

200,  000  OU 

51,  9M  CO 

175,  000  00 

105,  000  00 

8,  100  00 

515,000  00 

10,  000  00 

290,  000  00 

7, 300  00 

120,  000  00 

4,  500  00 

1,  014  35 

35,  000  00 

2. 000  00 

295, 000  00 

45, 0'JO  00 

1,000  00 

1,000  00 

40,  000  00 

3,  000  00 

8,  000  00 

10,000  00 

$8,  904, 070  72 
3,  908,  300  00 

2,  023,  202  74 
19,993  59 
52,7.54  01 
14,  144  30 
10,  000  00 
401.978  04 
50,517  28 
20,  710  04 

08,  504  70 
10,  280,  085  00 


381, 

5, 704, 

503, 

1,  303, 

1,  574, 

1,321, 

189, 

149, 

713, 

8, 

197, 

51, 

100, 

103, 

51o! 


.533  75 
400  33 
504  70 
407  30 
031  97 
901  57 
380  00 
228  74 
003  95 
7.36  37 
038  95 
914  00 
5.51  25 
945  23 
051  40 
399  45 


14,711  20 

191,  204  02 
6,  755  19 

72,  474  53 
1,444  38 

1,044  35 
.35,254  bi 

1, 107  05 
278,  .351  00 
21,  733  34 

477  71 

292  22 

30, 000  00 
•J,  997  01 
1 ,  999  9H 
6,2.V.'  18 


$■-'7,  .530  10 
41,003  40 

1,737  20 

.5,000  41 

2,  245  36 

855  70 


23,  021  90 


$0,  517  28 
710  C4 


21, 405  24 
322, 197  00 


43. 

2,194, 

301. 

122, 

15. 


460  25 
5.n  07 
495  24 
592  70 
968  03 


610  94 
771  26 
146  05 
203  03 
901  05 


8,  448  75 

1.054  77 
1.048  54 
4,  000  55 

1, 288  80 

104, 735  98 
544  81 

47,525  47 

3. 055  02 


892  95 
16,649  00 
23,260  GO 

622  29 

707  78 

10,000  00 

^  99 

0,000  02 

4, 747  Ki 


1.961  67 


254  54 


Totals  . 


43,  542,  097  83  ,    40, 039,  034  75     3,  t03,  003  08 


9,450  03 


968 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


No.  f). — Slaiement  in  (Utdil  of  miHcellancouis  paymmia  made  hy  ilie  rosl-Office  Uepartmtnt 
for  the  f(ncal  }icar  mdal  JinicliO,  1882,  <ind  rharr/ed  to  "  MinceJlaiieoua  Jccottut,  I'ofit- 
nutikr- General." 

AMOUNTS  PAID  UY  WAllEAXT. 


Date. 


To  •whom  allowed. 


I'or  what  object. 


Amount. 


1881. 
July  13 

Aug.lO 


1882. 
Jan.    5 

Mar.  0 

July  10 

10 

JO 

10 

21 

21 

24 

Aus.23 

26 


r.  B.  Conjrer,  treasurer  of  the  Na- 

tioDfil  Ill-publican  Printiufc  Co. 
John  K.  Van  Wornicr,  chief  clerk  of 

Ihe  PosT-Oflico  Department. 
John  K.  Van  Worm  tr,  cliief  clerk  of 

the  Post-OflBce  Depai-tment. 
FrankB.  Conger,  treasurerof  theXa- 

tional  Ivepublicau  Printing  Co. 

Frank  B. Conger, Iroasurerof  the  Na- 
tional liepublicau  Printing  Co. 
John  C.  Parker 


New  York  Herald 

"W.  F.  Storey,  proprietor  of  the  Chi- 
cago Times. 

Keppler  &.  Schwarzman,  proprietors 
of  Puck. 

"Wm.  Penn  Nixon,  publisher  of  the 

Inter- Ocean. 
•M.  E.  Mann 


"Wra.  "W.  Moore,  treasm-er  of  the 
Metropolitan  Kailioad  Co. 

Horace  Publee,  editor  of  the  Pepuh- 
lican-Sentinel. 

The  Globe  Printing  Company,  of 
Saint  Louis,  Mo. 

Kand,  McNaUy  &:,  Co 


For  one  year's  subscription  to  paper  from 
July  1,  1881,  to  June  30,  1882. 

For  hotel  bills  and  incidental  expenses  dur- 
ing August,  1881. 

For  railroad  fares  and  hotel  bills  during 
Augu.st,  1881. 

For  subscription  to  paper  from  July  1  to 
August  20,  1881. 

For  subscription  to  paper  from  July  1  to 

Augu.st20,  1881. 
For  subscription  to  the  New  York  Tribune 

from  July  1  to  December  31.  1881. 
For  subscription  to  paper  from  February 

11  to  June  30,  1882. 
For  subscription  to  paper  from  .Januai-v  1 

to  June  30, 1882. 
For.'iubscription  to  Puck  fiom  Februarv  8 

to  June  28,  1882. 
For  subscription  to  the  Inter-Ocean  from 

February  13  to  June  30,  1882. 
For  copy  of  Ameiican  Cyclopedia  and  An- 
nual Cyclopedia. 
For  car  tickets  for  use  of  the  Post-Office 

Department. 
For  subscription  from  January  1  to  June 

30,  1882. 
For  subscription  to  Glote-Democrat  from 

Februarv  If)  to  June  30,  1882. 
For  Atlas  of  the  World,  June  30,  1882 


$G  00 

7  00 

7  00 

86 

8G 

7  r.0 

4  00 
C  .50 

2  10 

3  7.5 
126  00 
100  00 

5  00 

4  M 
30  no 


Total  paid  by  warrant 1      $311  07 


AMOUNTS  CREDITED  ON  GENERAL  ACCOUNT, 


1881.   1 
Dec.  24  1  J.  0.  P.  Burnside,  disbursing  clerk, 
I      Post-Office  Department. 


J.  O.  P.  Burnside,  disbursing  clerk, 
Post-Offiee  Department. 


Nov.  1 


1882. 
Jan.  13 


J.  R.  Van  Wormer,  chief  clerk,  Post- 
Office  Department. 


J'R.  VanWonuer,  chief  clerk,  Post- 
Office  Department. 


Advanced  and  certified  by  the  Postmast-er-  i      $560  Ofi 
General,  under  date  of  June  13  and  June 
25,  1881,   "to  be  for  legal  expenses  for  [ 
which  it  is  inexpedient  to  furnish  vouch- 
ers." 1 

Advanced  and  certitied  by  the  Postmaster-  563  00 

Geuerel,  under  date  of  July  and  August, 
18-Sl,"to  be  for  legal  expenses  for  which 
it  is  inexpedient  to  t\iruish  vouchers.' 

For  amount  expended  while  traveling  on  219  4S 

offici.al  business,  by  order  of  the  Post- 
master-General. 

For  amount  expended  while  traveling  on  13  50 

official  business,  by  order  of  the  Post-  i 
master-General.  | 

Total ■  $1,355  98 


RECAPITULATION 


Total  paid  by  warrant $311  07 

Total  credite'd  on  general  account 1,  355  98 

Total  "Miscellaneous,  Postmaster-General" $1,667  05 


KHPORT   OF   THE   POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 


9G0 


No.  6. — Statement  in  (htail  of  miscellanfous  paytnenta  niade  by  the  I'ont-Office  Dcpartrntnt 
for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  IW,  I8ft2,  and  chanjed  to  ''  Mince Ilantoui  Account,  First 
Assistant  J'ostinastei'-Generat." 


AMOUXTS  PAID  Br  WARBANT. 


Bate. 

To  whom  allowed. 

For  what  object.                         Amoant. 

1881. 

B.  D.  Ad.sit,   principal  clerk  oalary 
I      and  allowance  division,  Post-Oftico 
j      I)('l»aitiui'ut. 
10  I  II.  ,).  McKu-sick,  superintendent  rail- 
way mail  service. 
-0  !  James  E.  White,  asaiHt.iiit  supcrin- 
wmilcut  r.iilway  mail  MTvice. 
Sept.  1  [  K.  C.  .Jackson,  superintendent  rail- 
I      way  mail  service. 
1  I  L.  M.TeiTell.snperintendeutrailway 
mail  sei'v  ire. 
15  !  R.  C.  .laekson.  saperiutendcnt  rail- 

w.ay  mail  service. 
15  '  n..T.  McKusick.  superiutendeut  rail- 

w.iy  mail  service. 
15     L.  M.  Terifll.  .superintendent  railway 

I      mail  st-rvii^e. 
15  I  M.  V.  IJailey,  KUi>eriuteudeui  railway 
!      mail  service'. 

17  '  "W.  G.  l.ovell.  »ni)erintendout  railway 

mail  service. 
27     W.    1'..    Thompson,  general  8uperiii- 
tenilent  railway  mail  service. 

27  '  "W.   ]i.   Thomiison,  general   superiu- 
I      temjeut  railway  mail  servic*?. 

28  C.  J.  Kri-iicli,  suiJerinteudeut  railway 

mail  service. 
28     James E.  White,  superintendent  rail- 
'      way  mail  servic*. 
T.  P.Cheuoy.  sui)erintondeDt  railway 

mail  service. 
T.  P.  Cheney,  superintendent  railway 

mail  service. 
The  Xatioiial  Capital  TelephoneCom- 

])an.v . 
Jame.s  E.  Wliite.  saperinteudent  rail- 
way mail  servic*. 
B.  I).  Adsit,  principal  clerk  aalary 
and  allowaiico  division,  Poat-Oflice 
Departiiicnt. 
If  82. 
Feb.  13     0.  n.  Irish,  Chief  Bureau  Engrav- 
ing  and  Printing. 

18  B.  1>.  Adsit.  principal  clerk  aalai^ 

and  alliiwaiico  division,  Post-Uflico 
Depart  :nent. 
Mar.27     r>.  D.  Adsit,  principal  clerk   salary 
and  allowaucu  division,  Post-Olbce 
Dejiartmi'iit. 
Apr.28     E.  D.   .\dsit,  princip.il   deik   aalary 
aud  :illowaiic«  diNision,  Post-Ultico 
Department. 
May  10     r.,  D.  Adsit,  principal  clerk   salary 
and  alhiwauco  divi.sion,  Po«t-t)flice 
,      Depart  uient, 
June  5     B.  D.  Adsit,  principal   clerk   salary 
'      and  allowHuco  dlvhiion,  Pust-Udlce 
DepartiiH-nt. 
26   B.  I).  Ailsit.  principal   clerk   salary 
I      and  all(i»anc«  iliviaion,  Puat-UiUub 
I      Department. 


914  10 


For  railroad  fare«  and  hotel  billa  during 
July,  1S81. 

For  telegrams  and  miacellaneoua  oxpenaea 

during  July,  ixSl. 
For  telegram's  :uid  miscellaneous  expenaea 

during  July,  IKHI. 
For  telegrams  and  hotel  expcnRea  during 

July,  18»il. 
For  telegrani.s,  railroad  fares,  and  hotel  bills 

during  .Tul-,  l.v^l. 
For  ti'legrams.   hotel  bills,  and  other  ex- 

pt-nses  during  August.  1H81. 
For  telegrams  and  iniHcellaneous  expeuaes 

during  August,  IS.'il. 
For  telegrams  and  miscellaneous  oxp<-nse.s 

during  August,  18>il, 
For  i-aili-oad  and  »teanilx»at  fares  and  hotel 

bill.s  during  August,  1S81. 
For  t<-legi-ams,  hotel  bills,  and  other  ex- 
penses during  .\ugURt.  181*1. 
For  railroad  and  hotel  farea  iloring  July, 

1881. 
For  railroad  ami  hotel  fares  during  Augnst,  { 

1881.  I 

For  i-ailroad  fares,  telegrams,  and  hotel  biUa  I 

during  August,  18t<l.  I 

For  telegrams.  Imtel  fares,  and  miscenane- 

OU8  expenses  during  -Vugust,  18.<<1. 
For  printing  lime  cards  and  for  telegrams 

during  July.  1881. 
For  railroad  fares,  telegrams,  and  hotel  bills 

during  August,  l&fl.  ' 

For  rent  of  telophone  for  the  quarter  ended 

Septeml^r  ;W.  1881. 
For  telegrams,  hutel  bills,  and  mlsrellane- 

Ous  expenses  iliiring  .lune.  1H81. 
For  railroad  fares,  hotel  bills,  ice,  during 

October,  1881. 


For  altering  dies,  printing,  numbering,  and 
binding  1J5  iuspi-ctors'  commissions. 

For  railroad  and  hotel  fares  during  Febru- 
ary, 1882. 

For  railpjad  aud  hotel  fares  during  Ifarcb, 
1882. 

For  railroad  fares  and  hotel  bills  during 
April,  1»>S2. 

For  railroad  and  hotel  fares  and  telegrams 
during  May,  1882. 

For  railmad  and  hotel  fares  and  mlscellone- 
ous  expenses  during  May.  1882. 

For  hotel  fares  and  railroad  expenses  dar- 
ing June,  18«:2. 


Total  paid  by  warrant ,  1,329  74 


21  55 

32  93 

154  99 

79  C8 

57  00 

Gl  01 

73  92 

90  (C, 

97  85 

20  85 

17  00 

109  71 

88  35 

28  82 

54  38 

81  25 

12  61 

4C  70 

125  00 

8  25 

15  25 

16  .'-0 

17  10 

18  tK) 

0  25 

AM(>UNTS  PAID  BY  DRAFT. 


Aug.  10    M.  V.  Bailev,  superintendent  railway 
I       mail  sen'ice. 
Willard  (j.   Lovell,    supe^rintendent 
railway  mail  service. 


For  hoti'I  fnrr*  printing  •cbednlea.  and  tel 

eii    ,  luly,  1881. 

Foi  '  >  I  Iro'ad  fares,  and  hotel  bills 

du.  --l. 


•67 


Total  paid  by  draft 167  17 


970 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANTINO   THE 


No.  0. — Statement  in  detail  of  miscellaneous  paymetils,  ^c — Continuod. 
AMOUNTS  CREDITED  POSTMASTERS  ON  THEIR  GENERAL  ACCOUNTS. 


Date. 

1882. 
Mar.23 

Oct.  21 

Nov.12 

19 
Dec.  16 
Jan.  17 
Feb.  2 

10 
Mar.  20 

20 

28 

June  C 

12 

27 

Aug.  1 

16 

Sept.21 

22 

30 


To  whom  allowed. 


Tlionia.s  L.  James,  postii 'aster  at  New 

York. 
Sauiuol  Hays,  postmaster  at  Saint 

I^oiiia,  Mo. 
E.  It.  AA'^ise,  postmaster  at  Warren, 

Ohio. 
C.  E.  Carr,  postmaster  at  G  alesburgh, 

111. 
J.  H.  Manley,  postmaster  at  Augusta, 

Me. 
W.  N.  Byers,  postmaster  at  Denver, 

Colo. 
John  P.  Chira,  postmaster  at  Tomb- 

stono,  Ariz. 
Samuel  Hays,  postmaster  at  Saint 

Louis,  Mo. 
S.  M.  Yost,  postmaster  at  Staunton, 

Va. 
S.  M.  Yost,  postmaster  at  Staunton, 

Va. 

"W.  N.  Byers,  postmaster  at  Denver, 

Colo. 
S.  M.  Yost,  postmaster  at  Staunton, 

Va. 
James  T.  Pritchard.  postmaster  at 

Eredericksburgh,  Va. 

E.  R.  Wise,  postmaster  at  Warren, 
Ohio. 

H.  G.  Pearson,  postmaster  at  New 
York,  N.  Y. 

Thomas  F.  Hall,  postmaster  at  Oma- 
ha, Nebr. 

F.  Lowry,  postmaster  at  Dayton, 
Ohio. 

Lew  is  McKenzie,  postmaster  at  Alex- 
andria, Va. 

J.  K.  Dawes,  postmaster  at  Easton, 
Pa. 


For  what  object. 


Amount. 


For  amount  paid  for  tracks  in  iirst  quarter, 

1.S80. 
For  rent  of  telephone  in  third  quarter,  1881. 

For  amount  of  freight  on  safe,  second  quar- 
ter, 1881. 

For  rent  of  telephone  and  carpenters'  work, 
second  quarter,  1871. 

For  miscellaneous  expenses,  third  quarter, 
1881. 

For  rent  of  telephone,  third  quarter,  1881 . . . 

For  amount  allowed  for  hauling,   second 

quarter,  1881. 
For  rent  of  telephone  for  fourth  quarter, 

1881. 
For  water-rent,  oil,  and  moving  post-offlce 

fixtures,  fourth  quarter,  1879. 
For  gas-fittings,  water-rent,  &c.,  third  and 

fourth  quarters,  1880,  and  second  quarter, 

1881. 
For  rent  of  telephone  during  fourth  quarter, 

1881. 
For  work  and  materials  in  moving  poat- 

office,  second  quarter,  1880. 
For  repairs  to  safe  dirring  first  quarter, 

1882. 
For  horse  and  buggy  hire  in  first  quarter, 

1882. 
For  amount  of  attorney's  fees  in  suit  against 

postmaster  at  New  York. 
For  printing  letter  slips  and  heads,  second 

quarter,  l882. 
For  amount  for  repairing  closet,  first  quar- 
ter, 1881. 
For  amount  paid  for  ice,  second  quarter, 

1881. 
For  amount  expended  in  cleaning  office, 

second  quarter,  1882. 


Total. 


$150  00 

20  00 
23  50 
35  93 

138  20 

13  50 
40  00 

22  50 

14  40 
14  51 

13  50 

71  00 

5  00 

2  00 

23  74 

21  50 

3  14 
10  00 
21  12 


643  56 


RECAPITULATION. 

Amount  allowed  to  the  postmasters  at  the  principal  post-offices,  credited  in  quarterly  accounts  cur- 
rent, for  incidental  expenses,  such  as  of&ce  repairs,  gas-fixtures,  telegrams,  &c. : 

Third  quarter,  1881 $15,312  14 

Fourth  quarter,  1881 15,727  85 

First  quarter,  1882 14,711  73 

Second  quarter,  1882 21,006  54 

Total 66,758  26 

Amount  paid  by  warrant $1,329  74 

Amount  paid  by  draft 107  17 

Amount  allowed  postmasters  and  others,  credited  on  general  accounts 643  56 

2, 140  47 

Total 68,898  73 

Deduct  amount  of  counter-entries 4  00 


Amouutaetuallypaidand  charged  to  "Miscellaneous,  First  Assistant  Postmaster-General".    68,894  73 


REPORT   OF   THE    POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 


971 


No.  7. — Slalevient  in  defml  of  miscellaneous  paijments  ntade  by  the  Foat-Office  JJepartntent 
for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1882,  and  charged  to  '^Minccllaneoua  Account,  Second 
Assistant  I'ostmastcr-Uencral." 

AMOUNTS  PAID  BY  WARRANT. 


Date. 

To  whom  allowed. 

For  what  ohject. 

Amonnt. 

1881. 
Aiig.lG 

Oct.  10 

Dec.   3 

Isaac  C.  Sla1<!r,  Rupniiiiteudent  rail- 
way adjiistineut.s. 

Ihiuiu  C.  Slatei-,  Hupeiiutendeut  mil- 
wuj'  ud.jaHtnicuts. 

John  C.  I'uiker 

For  personal  pxl>cnso.^  incurred  iitidcr  onlcr 
of  tlio  Poslina-stcrfii-iicral  of  .Inly  I'J,  lh«l. 

For  railruatl  furc:i  and  hotel  hilU  during;  Oc- 
toher,  1881. 

For  subscription  to  New  York  Tribune 
from  July  1  to  December  31,  1681. 

Fur  railroad  faros  and  hotel  bills  during  Jan- 

\uuy,  1H«2. 
Forninkinj:  brass  scaI  for  marking  propo- 
sals, December.  ISSl. 
For  Heven   (7)  days'  services  on  treading 

jiriiitinK-prc-ss.  .)auuar>',  1882. 
For  seven   (7)  days  «ervices  on  treadiu-; 

priiitin;;-press,  .January,  1882. 
For  ])resM  work  iu  stamping  bids  for  1882, 

durint;  January,  18^2. 
For  subscription"  to  Now  York  Tribune  and 

New  York  Times  from  December  22, 1881, 

to  July  1,  1882. 
For  railroad  fares  and  hotel  bills  incurred 

during  April,  1882. 

For  subscription  to  the  New  York  Times 
from  January  1  to  June  30.  1882. 

For  expenses  incurred  in  the  examination 
of  the  postal  sen-ice  in  Horlda  during  No- 
vember and  December,  1881. 

$00  00 
4  U5 
12  DO 

1882. 
Jan.  10 

17  90 

13 
20 

0.  11.  Irish,  Chief  of  Bureau  of  Eo- 

jrr.iving  and  Priutinji. 
Thomas  Sisclo 

10  00 
14  00 

20 

James  I.  Milea 

14  00 

24 

Byron  S.Adams....  .  .............. 

25  60 

May  8 

Jun22 

July! 
6 

J.  Bradley  Adams 

15  90 

Walter  Sparcler,  clerk  iu    tlio   iu- 
spectiou  division  of  the  Second  Ah- 
flidtnnt  Postmaster-General's  Office 

33  00 
7  00 

E.  A.  Elmer,  Second  Assistant  Post- 
master-General. 

63  26 

277  71 

AMOUNT  CREDITED  ON  GENERAL  ACCOUNT. 


1882. 
Jan  30 


Walter  Spaugler,  clerk  in  the  inspec- 
tion division  of  the  Post-OUice  De- 
partmeut. 


For  amount  allowed  for  personal  expenses 
while  on  buitiness  for  tue  Post-OlUce  Do- 
partiueut,  Juue,  1882. 

Total 

Total  Miscell.nneous.  Second  Assistant 
I'ustniaittor-General. 


$200  00 


200  00 
477  7l 


5372 


PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 


No,  8. — Stalemenl  in  detail  of  m'lHcMancoun  paymenU  made  by  the  Post-OJJice  Depart- 
ment far  (he  Jitirjil  year  ended  June  30,  IHe^,  and  charijed  to  ^'  Alincellaneoua  Account, 
Third  Assibtant  I'ostmasler-Gcneral." 

AMOUNTS  PAH)  BY  WARRANT. 


Date. 


:881. 
Dec.  3 


1882. 
Jan.  5 


Feb.  9 

Mar.  8 


To  whom  allowed. 


John  C.  Parker. 


9 
9 

9 

9 

JnlylO 

10 


A.  D.  Hazcii,   Tliird  Assistant  Post- 
mastei--GenevaL 

E.    J.    Dallas,    chief  of  deatl-letter 
division. 

D.and  J.  Sadller  &  Co 

George  P.  Rowell  &  Co 

T.  Cotcsworth  Pinckuey 

Henry  A.  Hazen 

Rand,  McNaUy  &.  Co 

S.  E.  Cassiuo 

The  Presbyterian  Board  of  Publica- 
tion. 

B.  Griffith,  seerot.ary  of  the  Ameri- 
can Baptist  Publication  Society. 

Henry  Fleetwood 

John  C.  Parker '. 


For  what  object. 


Amount. 


For  subscription  to  New  York  Times  from  $7  50 

July  1  to  December  31,  1881. 

For  personal  expenses  while  on  official  busi- 
ness, SepteiubtT,  1881. 

For  travebng  expenses  under  order  of  Third 
Assistant  Postmaster-General,  January, 
1882. 

For  cloth  Directory  (Catholic),  February, 
1882,  for  use  of  dead-letter  office. 

For  cojiy  of  American  Newspaper  Directory, 
January,  1882,  for  use  of  dead-letter 
office. 

For  United  States  school  and  college  dircc- 
toiies,  Jann.arv,  1882 — dead-letter  office. 

For  copy  of  iliiiistry  and  Churclies  of  New 
Hamp.shiro,  for  use  of  dead-letter  office. 

For  two  atlases  for  use  of  dead-letter  office. 

For  copy  of  S<;ientists'  Directoiy,  January, 
18t'2,  for  use  of  dead-letter  otbce. 

For  two  copies  of  Minutes  for  use  of  dead- 
letter  office. 

For  two  copies  Baptist  Year  Book,  Febru- 
ary, 1882 — dead-letter  office. 

For  copy  of  K.iud  &  McN.illy's  indexed  at- 
las, .J  lily,  1882,  for  use  of  (lead-letter  office. 

For  subscription  to  New  York  Tribune  from 
January  1  to  June  30, 1682. 

Total  paid  by  warrant I     292  22 


138  00 

G6  50 

1  50 

5  00 

5  00 

1  50 

27  00 
2  60 

2  22 

1  00 

27  00 

7  50 

REPORT    OF   THE    POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 


973 


No.  9. — Table  sliotcing  the  receipis,  expenditures,  and  vet  revcntie  of  the  post-offices  at  uhlch 
ihcfrce-ddircnj  sijutcm  is  in  operation,  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  lf'c2. 


Offices. 


Grosa  rev- 
enue. 


OflSce  ei- 
pensea. 


Free  delir- 
ery. 


Per  cent. 

Total  ex-     .  u-etrf-Tenne   i  »^P«nse 
penses.      |  «" revenue,     ^j^g^f^ 

revenue. 


Akron,  Ohio 

Albany.  N.Y 

AJlejrlienv,  Pa 

Atlanta,  Ga 

Auburn,  N.  Y 

Aii;justa,  Ga 

An^ista,  Me 

iJaltiuioro.  Md 

)5an{:or,  JIo 

Blooiiiiniiton,  111 

Boston,  Mass 

Bridpt-port,  Conn . .. 

Brooklyn.  N.Y 

Bdflalo.  X.  Y  

Biiilin^ton,  Iowa... 

Burlington,  Vt 

Cam<U'n,  N.J 

Charleston,  S.  0 

Chirajjo,  III 

Cincinnati,  Ohio  .... 

Clcvel.and,  Ohio 

ColumbiiH.  Ohio 

Concord,  X.  TI 

Coviuf^rton,  Kv 

Dallas,  Tex..". 

1  )avenport,  Iowa 

IJayton,  Ohio 

Denver.  Colo 

DcM  Moines,  Iowa... 

Detroit,  Mich 

Dubuque,  Iowa 

JCastou,  I'a 

Elizabeth,  N.J 

Kluiira,  N.  Y 

Krio,  Pa 

Evansville,  Ind 

Fall  Kivcr,  Mass 

Fort  Wayne,  Ind  . .. 

Galveston,  Tex 

'rrand  Kapids,  Mich. 

llarrislmr;;h,  Pa 

Hartford,  Conn 

Iloboken.  N.J 

Houston,  Tex 

liidi.Tnnpolis,  Ind ... 

JaoUson.  Mich 

Jersey  City.  X.J... 

Kansas  City,  Mo 

La  Fayptte".  Ind 

Lancaster,  Pn 

Lawrence,  Mass  .... 

I,cHdville,Colo 

I>eavenworth,  Kana. 
Little  Rock,  Ark..., 

Louisville,  Ky 

Lowell.  Mn.ss 

Lvnu,  Mass 

M.'icon,  tia 

Manchester.  N.  H... 

Mansfield,  Ohio 

.Memphis,  Tenn 

^lorideii,  Conn 

^lilwaiikcM',  Wis 

Minneapolis,  .Minn.. 

Mol.lhv  Ala  

Xiwihvill".  Ti-iin 

X^owark.  X.  .1 

X'^ew  Bcslford,  )Iass. 
Xew  Uaven,  ("onn  .. 
Xow  ( )rleuns.  I.,a. . . . 
New  York.  N.  Y.... 

Norfolk.  V» 

(•akland.  Cal 

Ouuihn,  Nebr 

t»8we(to,N.  Y 

I'atorson,  N.J 

Peoria,  HI. 


$:W,  892  82 

160,573  31 

34,  82«  12 

92,  4I)U  10 

34.  304  95 

3  J,  393  49 

8«,  371  74 

49<},  491  24 

29,  070  22 

33,  9,'j8  on 

1,405,  12<i  99 

52.  2«0  62 

290,  737  85 

268, 827  94 

45,480  75 

24,431  92 

23, 294  31 

73, 390  51 

1,  738,  807  23 

595,  .583  38 

289,  774  60 

108,  657  31 

27,983  10 

19,  502  24 

.^6,  245  46 

3H,403  76 

69,  413  32 

143,  078  70 

77,  602  52 

294,  307  47 

42, 231  69 

22,083  26 

32,  083  26 

43,  651  98 
38, 820  37 
37,  917  03 
30, 150  95 
36.  092  02 
70, 1.57  91 
71,560  60 
48,  072  90 

129,  468  40 
14,294  15 
42,  780  30 

1H7,  001  10 
26.  :i03  02 
60,  798  48 

167,  603  21 
28, 443  44 
32,  347  79 
30,604  .39 

44.  723  01 
27,861  84 
32,  423  32 

221).  602  50 
6<!,751  63 
42,  .'m  IK 
26, 164  47 
32,  320  02 
25.952  11 
77,06.5  71 
28,618  43 
231,849  47 
120,  :'i07  52 
47,  748  47 
92,  25;{  71 
12H,  360  44 
34,649  10 
115,  &49  05 
2fifi,  284  79 
4, 200,  066  07 
40,430  75 
33,921  .50 
86,  158  28 
26,  814  25 
32,512  89 
67,  237  68 


$7, 184  05 
37,  791  49 

7,  810  96 
14,809  93 

8,  543  77 

9,  952  63 
19, 106  49 
85.  396  29 

8,  467  80 

8,  730  17 
256,  793  68 

11,2.57  61 
60,  953  90 
30,005  19 

9,  140  29 

5,  856  08 

6,  306  82 
12,421  92 

344,073  06 
104,  447  59 
40,  087  29 
18,783  95 

7,  348  65 

5,  532  56 
10,  090  70 

9,  3->0  17 
13,  325  13 
27.481  23 
10.540  20 
38,  !:29  52 

8,  345  75 

6,  403  83 
7, 110  12 

11,413  48 

9, 048  26 

10,657  05 

8, 137  18 

10,  033  54 

15.  628  45 

10,389  73 

1.5, 427  82 

22,  620  25 

3.  9.52  05 

13.  0.58  78 
3ti,  807  75 

0.  665  90 
10,  942  04 
24.  b74  05 

8,  8.'!0  43 

7,  186  00 

8,  028  41 
18,  332  70 

8,  292  60 
10.  909  02 
3;!.  8»6  45 

9.973  84 

7,  445  .50 

8,  049  33 
7.  1.58  (il 
II,  008  05 

20,  H«8  3.3 
0.018  91 
:i,'!,073  68 
24,234  Ki 
14,444  .59 
17,887  14 

14.  944  46 
6,120  .'V)  I 

19,389  irj  ] 

57.919  47 

874.871  21   1 

9,  8.18  21 
11.945  95 
17,954  12 

0,488  9t  j 

0.434  33  ; 

11,110  23  I 


$3,  359  95 
27,041  5,5 
9,  345  03 
0,  9.37  47 
4.  774  44 

4,  453  78 
2. 639  87 

76,861  11 

3,  400  00 

5,  144  59 
185,  267  51 

5,639  11 

104,  -285  76 

35,  247  03 

5,690  96 

2,  048  37 

.5,  921  80 

7,160  64 

187,486  00 

75,  .5«0  28 

30,  561  21 
12,  274  82 

2,704  81 
4, 652  21 

4,  264  08 

6,  829  12 
10,  852  16 

9,  231  85 

7,  061  94 
Xi,  1.54  17 

0, 450  00 

5,  744  61 
5,  336  78 
5, 855  43 
e,  787  83 
6,643  92 

5,  542  42 

6,  345  37 

6,  126  03 
8, 126  11 
5,  400  00 
9, 713  48 
3, 482  68 
4,741  70 

27, 857  28 
3,977  26 
21,478  80 
16,506  56 
4,  251  30 
4,9.30  4G 
7,927  11 
4, 285  05 
3,693  20 

4.  2.59  95 

31,  007  98 
9,  12S  59 
8,120  87 
3, 372  80 
:>,  007  55 
2,508  90 

11,068  00 

3,  400  00 

30,  148  04 

12.  321  69 

5.114  19 
9,  (110  08 

2.5,  284  01 

7.115  91 
16,  492  10 
44,  8.34  64 

457,790  41 

5.  509  00 

7,  G42  41 

8,  937  49 
.M16  17 
7.146  51 
7, 170  38 


$10,  .544  00 

$20, 348  82 

64,  83:1  04 

0.5,  740  27 

17,155  99 

17,  672  13 

21,747  40 

70,  748  70 

13,318  21 

20,  986  74 

14.406  41 

20,  987  08 

21,  746  36 

W,  625  38 

162,  2.57  40 

334,  2;«  84 

11,867  80 

17,202  42 

13,874  76 

20,  083  33 

442,061  19 

963,  065  80 

16,  896  72 

35,  363  90 

165,  239  66 

125.498  19 

65.  852  22 

202.  975  72 

14,  837  25 

30,  643  50 

8,504  45 

i    15.  927  47 

12.  228  62 

11,005  69 

19,  5f-2  56 

!    53,  807  95 

r.32,  159  06 

!  1, 206,  048  17 

ISO,  027  87 

415,  555  51 

77,  218  50 

212,  5J6  10 

31, 058  77 

77,  598  54 

10,  053  46 

17,  929  64 

10, 184  77 

9,317  47 

14,3>4  78 

21,  890  68 

16,  149  29 

22, 254  47 

24, 177  29 

45, 236  03 

36,  713  08 

106,  365  62 

17,  602  14 

60,  000  38 

71, 383  09 

222,923  78 

1.3,  795  75 

28, 435  94 

12, 148  44 

9, 934  82 

12.  446  90 

19,  636  36 

17,  268  91 

26,  383  07 

15, 836  09 

22,  984  28 

17,  300  97 

20,  616  06 

13.  679  60 

10,471  35 

10,  378  91 

19,713  11 

21,  7.54  48 

54. 403  43 

18,  515  84 

5ii,  044  76 

20,  827  82 

27,  245  08 

32, 333  73 

97, 134  67 

7,  434  73 

6, 859  42 

17,  800  48 

24, 985  82 

65,  725  03 

101,  336  07 

10,  643  16 

15,  749  86 

32,  421  44 

34,  377  04 

41.380  00 

126,  222  61 

13,081  73 

15,361  71 

12,116  40 

20,231  33 

1.5,955  .5-.' 

14,  W8  87 

22, 617  75 

22, 105  86 

11,985  80 

1.5.876  04 

l.'i,  168  97 

17.  254  35 

04,854  43 

155,  748  07 

19,  102  43 

47,  «49  20 

1.5,  506  37 

26,  767  81 

12,022  13 

14, 142  34 

12,226  16 

20, 094  40 

8,517  01 

17, 435  10 

31,  9.36  33 

4.'.,  129  38 

9,418  91 

19. 199  52 

6.3,221  72 

ltW.627  75 

36,  5:.6  .52 

••59,951  00 

19,  .558  78 

28, 189  69 

27,  497  82 

M,  7.55  89 

40,  229  07 

88, 131  37 

13,238  41 

21.412  69 

:C.,  882  02 

79,  767  93 

102,7.54  11 

103,  .5.10  68 

1, 832, 667  02 

2, 867,  398  45 

15.347  21 

31.083  54 

19.588  30 

14.333  14 

2<;.  891  61 

59.  266  67 

11.005  11  1 

15,  209  14 

13, 580  84  ' 

18.  932  05 

18, 289  CI  i 

48,948  07 

974  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING   THE 

No.  9. — Tailo  showing  the  receipts,  expenditures,  and  net  revenue,  ^c— Continued. 


Otflce. 


Pliilii'lclpliia,  Pa.... 

Pittsl)ur(;li,  V* 

Portlniul,  Me 

Poithuiil,  Ou^g 

I'otlRville,  Pa 

Providcuce,  K.I 

QiiiiK^v.  Ill 

Ueadiiijr.  Pa 

Kiclunoiid,  Iiid 

Ilirliniond,  Va 

Uocliester,  N.  Y 

Sacrampato,  CaL 

Saint  Joseph,  Mo — 

Saint  Lonia,  Mo 

Saint  Paul,  Minn 

Salem,  Mass 

San  Fiauciaco,  Cal.. 

Savannah.  Ga 

SprinKfield,  111 

Springfield,  Masa... 

Spriugtield.  Ohio 

Syrai-iise,  N.  Y 

Terre  Haute,  Ind  . . . 

Toledo,  Ohio 

Topeka,  Kans 

Trenton,  'H.J 

Troy,  N.  T 

TJtica,  N.  Y 

Washington.  D.  C... 
Wheeling,  AY.  Va... 

Wilmington,  Del 

Worcester,  Masa 

ZauesviUe,  Ohio. . . . 

Total 


Grose  rev- 
enue. 


$1!), 
1.4 

326, 
98 
.54! 
15, 

:i9, 

182, 
41 
44 
2(i 

112 

109, 
43 
68: 

760, 

149 
25 

509, 
64, 
34 
75 
52 

110, 
35 

117: 
50, 
51 
88, 
C3 

257 
42, 
47 
92 
23, 


, 489  03 
,494  95 
,  682  25 
,277  14 
,  R70  97 
.,  358  70 
I,  010  63 
, 809  81 
,439  87 
800  59 
, 979  29 
, 094  68 
, 764  25 
,964  37 
,  910  95 
,,  592  21 
,  830  84 
, 456  78 
,  767  79 
,004  49 
, 158  80 
,,  117  22 
,  839  66 
,463  33 
, 180  43 
, 702  12 
, 121  34 
, 250  61 
, 358  68 
,  768  58 
,  049  67 
,  897  .54 
,  353  26 
,  187  69 
, 841  88 


Office  ex- 
X)enseB. 


$6,  096  21 
237, 476  59 
52, 388  21 
22, 098  42 
10,701  80 
5, 119  55 
10,  053  23 

25,  201  38 
10,  379  94 

8,  746  03 

0,  717  64 

21,293  10 

26,  017  63 
16,084  53 
12, 484  35 

145,212  51 

19,  357  29 
6,465  18 

98, 143  95 
16, 032  41 

8,  547  49 
12, 197  79 
10,  236  75 
20, 152  63 
10,946  99 

20,  237  79 

10,  988  68 
8,808  27 

19,447  24 

11,124  99 

134, 147  57 

11,  535  03 

9,  087  58 
14,  225  02 

6,605  13 


19,414,772  80  3,815,736  41 


Free  deliv- 
ery. 


$4 
293 

33 
8 
4 
3 
5, 

26, 
6, 
8, 
3 

14 

24 

4 

7, 

119, 

13 

61 
5 
5 
6, 
5, 

15, 
6 

12 
4, 
5 

13 

10, 

48, 
6, 
8, 

10, 

si 


, 671  72 
, 698  77 
,967  25 
, 500  80 
,  508  75 
,  400  00 
,  971  95 
i,  412  43 
',  732  87 
, 491  39 
,530  94 
, 460  08 
,  385  51 
, 770  96 
,610  27 
, 647  59 
, 953  25 
, 239  13 
,  650  81 
, 900  00 
, 230  05 
,802  10 
, 192  75 
, 203  58 
, 356  15 
, 055  85 
, 499  88 
, 528  21 
, 973  81 
, 286  26 
;,  477  99 
i,  663  43 
,  562  53 
I,  948  96 
,  469  62 


2,617,574  56 


Total  ex- 
penses. 


$10,767  93 

531, 175  36 

86,  355  46 

30,  599  22 

1.5,210  .55 

8,  519  55 

16,  025  18 
51,  613  81 
17, 112  81 

17,  237  42 

10,  248  58 
3.5,753  18 
.50,403  14 
20,  855  49 

20,  094  62 
264,  860  10 

33,310  54 

11,  704  31 
1.59,  794  76 

21,  932  41 

13,  777  54 

18,  909  89 
1,5,429  50 
35,416  21 
17,  303  14 
33, 193  64 
15,  488  5G 

14,  336  48 
33, 421  05 
21,411  25 

182,  625  56 
18, 198  46 
17,  650  11 
25, 173  98 
10,  074  75 


Net  revenue. 


$8,721  10 
046,  319  .59 
240,  226  70 
67, 677  92 
39,  460  42 
6,830  15 
22,  985  45 
131, 196  00 
24,  327  86 
27,  563  17 
16, 730  71 
76, 341  50 
140,  361  11 
23, 108  88 
48,  822  33 
501,  732  11 
116,  520  30 
13,  752  47 
340,  973  03 
42,  072  08 
20,  381  26 
56, 117  33 
37, 410  16 
75,  047  12 
17,877  29 
84,  508  48 
34,  632  78 
36,  914  13 
54,  937  63 
42,  357  33 
74, 424  11 
24,  699  08 
29,  703  15 
67,  013  71 
13, 767  13 


6,433,310  97    12,981,461  83 


Per  cent, 
expense 
on  gross 
revenue. 


54 
36 

26 
31 
28 
55 
39 
28 
41 
38 
38 
32 
25 
47 
29 
35 
22 
41 
31 
34 
40 
25 
29 
32 
49 
28 
31 
28 
38 
34 
71 
42 
37 
27 
42 


REPORT   OF  THE   POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 


975 


No.  10. — Comparative  statement  of  receipts  and  expend  it  urea  of  the  Post-Office  Department 
from  July  I,  1836,  to  June  30,  lt<i-2. 


Tear. 


Receipts. 


Beyenae. 


Treasury 
grants. 


'MaL 


Expendi  tares. 


1837. 
1»<:j8. 
18M. 
1840. 
1841. 
1842. 
184.1. 
1844. 
184.=>. 
184H. 
1847. 
1848. 
1H49. 
18.'.0. 
1851. 
1852. 
18.53. 
18.54. 
18.55. 
1856. 
1857. 
18.58. 
18.59. 
1860. 
1861. 
1862. 
]K63. 
1864. 
1865. 
1806. 
1867. 
1868. 
1809. 
1870. 
1871. 
1872. 
1873. 
1874. 
1875. 
1876. 
1877. 
1878. 
1870. 
1880. 
1881. 
1882. 


$4,  94.5, 
4,  238, 
4,484, 
4,  54:1, 
4,  407, 
4,  .546, 
4,206, 
4,  237, 
4,  289, 
:t,  487, 

3,  880, 

4,  .5,55, 

4,  705, 
5,499, 
6,410, 
5,184. 

5,  240, 

6,  255, 
6,  042, 
C,  920, 
7, 353, 
7,486, 
7,068, 
8,  518, 
8,  349, 
8,  29!t, 

11,163, 
12,  438, 
14,  556, 
14, 436, 
15,297, 
16,  292, 

18,  344, 

19,  772, 

20,  037, 
21,915, 
22,  !t96, 
26,  471, 
26,701. 
28, 034, 
27.531. 
20,  277. 


30.041, 
33,31.5, 
36. 785. 
41,876, 


668  21 
733  46 
650  70 
521  92 
720  27 
849  65 
225  43 
287  83 
841  80 
l;t9  35 
309  23 
211  10 
176  28 
9ftJ  80 
004  ;« 
526  84 
724  70 
586  22 
l.^O  13 
821  GO 
951  70 
792  80 
484  07 
007  40 
290  40 
820  no 
789  .59 
253  78 
158  70 
986  21 
026  87 
600  80 
610  72 
220  65 
045  42 
428  37 
741  .57 
071  82 
360  50 
107  .50 
585  26 
516  95 
082  86 
479  34 
397  97 
410  15 


$482,657  00 


7.50.  000  00 

12,  500  00 

125,  000  00 


1,741,444  44 
2,  225,  000  00 

2,  736,  748  !«5 

3,  114,542  20 
3,748,881  50 

4,  528,  004  67 
4,  670,  270  71 

3,  915,  940  49 
11,1.54,167  54 

4,  639,  hLtO  .53 
2,  50H,  953  71 
1,  007,  848  72 

749,  980  00 
3,  968  40 


8,991, 
5,690, 
5, 707, 
4,  022, 
4, 126, 

4,  933, 

5,  690, 
5.  922. 
6.704, 
6,088. 
7,  013, 
5,  307, 
3,  297, 
3,  597, 
3, 207, 

0> 


606  67 
525  00 
115  30 
140  85 
200  00 
7.50  00 
475  00 
433  55 
646  06 
5|B  03 
8«t  00 
652  82 
965  25 
717  20 
021  46 
595  12 


$4,  945, 
4,  238, 
4,  4K4, 
4,  .54.3, 
4.890, 
4,  .546, 
4,  290, 
4,  237, 
4,289, 
4, 237, 

3,  802, 
4,680, 

4,  705. 
5,499, 
0,410, 

6,  925, 

7,  49.5, 

8,  9!J2, 

9,  7.56, 
10,  669, 
11,881. 
12,166. 
11,884, 
19,072, 
12,989, 
10,  898, 
12.171, 
13, 188, 
14.  500. 
14,  436, 
19,  288, 
21,989, 
24,051, 
23, 794, 
24, 163, 
26,  909, 
28,  987, 

32,  393. 

33,  496, 
33. 722, 
84,  .544. 

34,  .58.'-), 
33,  339, 
36,913. 
40,  08r{, 
41,883, 


668  21 
733  46 
6.56  70 
521  92 
383  27 
849  65 
225  43 
287  83 
841  8U 
199  35 
809  23 
211  lit 
176  28 
984  86 
604  33 
971  28 
724  70 
3.35  18 
678  39 
703  22 
956  43 
063  57 
430  .56 
234  94 
102  93 
774  61 
638  31 
233  73 
127  16 
986  21 
093  .54 
125  80 
6?6  02 
361  .50 
245  43 
176  37 
216  57 
505  37 
007  55 
780  53 
8R5  26 
169  77 
948  11 
196  .54 
319  43 
005  27 


$3.  288, 
4,  430. 
4,636, 
4,718, 
4.499, 
.5,  674, 
4,  374, 
4,296, 
4, 320, 
4, 070, 
3.970, 
4,  326, 
4,  479, 
6, 212, 

6,  278, 
7, 108, 

7,  982, 

8,  577, 

9,  9(^'i8, 
10,  405, 
ll,rKj8, 

12,  722. 
11,4.58, 
19.  170, 

13,  r>tKi. 
11,12.-., 
11,314. 
12,  041, 
]::  i.'i4 


319  03 
662  21 
,'>36  31 
235  64 
527  61 
751  80 
753  71 
512  70 
731  00 
036  01 
642  10 
850  27 
049  13 
953  43 
401  68 
459  04 
7r.6  .59 
424  12 
342  29 
286  36 
057  93 
470  01 
0^3  63 
6c  19  80 
759  11 
304  13 
200  84 
788  20 


23,  6Un,  131  50 
2.t.  998,  837  63 

24.  :;m,  104  08 
26,  >V,it,  192  31 
29.  084.  945  67 


3H,  ;'t>2,  i>6u  L'2 
40.482,021  23 


976 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THK 

No.  11. — Statement  of  the  money-order  traiinactious  at  post-offices 


Stat«s  RiidTenitorios, 


Domestic. 


Ci  to 


•c  6 


Alabama 

Arizoua 

Arkansas -. 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Dakota 

Delaware 

District  of  Columbia. 

Florida 

Georgia 

Idaho  

Illinois 

Indiana 

Indian  Territory 

Iowa 

Eansaa 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi ♦ 

Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraska 

Nevada  

New  Hampshire — 

New  Jersey 

New  Mexico 

New  York 

North  Carolina 

Ohio 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode  Island 

South  Carolina 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Washington 

■West  Virginia 

"Wisconsin 

"Wyoming 


140,  525 

20,  938 
127,  638 
274,  333 
150,  084 

96,  716 
r.l,  543 
14, 169 
32, 432 
62,  847 
163,  688 

21,  608 
728,  589 
376,  586 

3,976 

542,  963 

353,658 

130,  912 

109,  255 

89,118 

66,  582 

223,  997 

415,  342 

208,  794 

174, 183 

346, 133 

28,  796 

171,  283 

45,  561 
56,667 
85,101 
16.067 

568,397 

127, 149 

568,  015 

84,554 

441, 196 

32,  417 

97  404 

165, 327 

383,  269 

21, 101 

55,  337 

106,  391 

36,  894 

46,  324 
337,  759 

19,  301 


I 
18, 
51 
21 
60 

2, 

14 

28, 

136, 

i2, 

6. 
18, 

8, 

7, 
53, 


281  47 
021  06 
161  45 
762  10 

287  46 
933  02 
604  63 
2S6  75 
086  51 
099  33 
793  17 
349  36 
923  59 
093  35 
320  30 
905  40 
046  90 
472  88 
558  19 
147  43 
567  43 
749  64 
445  31 
384  57 
706  05 
180  31 
024  13 
636  64 
204  82 
135  17 
756  17 
994  46 
071  92 
647  94 
084  40 
242  11 
595  73 
872  26 
482  70 
577  86 
536  44 
334  33 
583  95 
276  08 
830  33 
163  06 
217  05 


4.  073  38 


$1, 936, 

520 

2,  266, 

4, 208, 

2,640 

1,180 

779, 

149, 

504 

1,  060 

2,  301 
468, 

8,  809, 
4,231 
72, 
5,  934, 
4, 531 
1,688 
2,181 
1, 300, 
951 

3,  069, 
5,  255, 
2,650, 
2,45' 
4, 424, 

515, 
2, 167, 

912 

670, 
1, 159 

268, 
7,488, 
1, 878, 
6,401 

1,  679, 
5,  212, 

443 
1,398, 

2,  530, 
6,646, 

378, 
61 

1,  380 
724, 
570, 

4, 456, 
327, 


118  04 
435  95 
352  71 
786  78 
372  23 
974  13 

772  94 
784  20 
212  83 
204  11 
900  66 
666  73 
674  51 

257  03 
474  88 
259  16 

258  68 
868  96 
041  29 
046  68 
336  74 
107  97 
960  10 
211  88 
775  92 
345  47 
649  00 
922  73 
802  99 
504  49 
181  56 
375  42 
215  35 
884  18 
052  55 
959  49 
354  08 
574  52 
091  81 
198  63 
388  87 

773  33 
598  81 
624  41 
336  89 
200  94 
430  26 
797  31 


Total 8,420,869  1,427,108  59  113,400,118  21 


$17,591  45 
3,  377  80 
17,  833  85 
36,  229  65 
20,  585  90 
11,006  90 

0,  689  85 

1,  645  50 
4, 185  95 
8,  524  85 

20,  629  00 

3,  221  60 
88,  054  70 
44,410  35 

567  85 
6.S,  764  60 
43,  540  25 
16, 139  65 
15, 963  80 
11,  323  30 
8,  839  70 
27,  778  60 
50, 615  30 
25,  .539  00 
22,  200  15 
42,  517  00 

4,  010  55 
21, 108  30 

6,  657  95 
6,  685  10 
10,  596  90 
2, 151  25 
70,  299  70 
16,497  35 
67,  942  95 
12,497  ,50 
52,  947  35 

4,  028  30 
12, 401  40 

21,  653  80 
53, 118  60 

2,933  50 

6,  500  95 

13, 120  45 

5,420  20 

5,  709  90 
40,  839  75 

2,  612  25 


$51  05 


$1,047,812  97 


52  59 


144 


240  54 


1. 4.52, 

3, 293, 

1,592, 

394, 

126, 

7. 

1,317; 

185, 

1, 947, 

88, 

9,542, 

1, 755, 


284  34 
210  27 
107  00 
781  00 
738  00 
290  00 
835  95 
515  00 
724  00 
099  00 
838  93 
043  60 


3  89 

18  26 

33 


249  41 


45  83 
120  00 


1  54 
04 


1, 0.53, 710  55  1  828  07 


2, 479, 
1,033, 
1,603, 

3,  .')89, 
764, 

1, 318. 
2,146, 

2,  708, 
1,859, 

69, 

8,148, 

212, 

1,507, 

113, 
358, 

189, 
27,800, 

263, 
4,442, 
1,443, 

4,  335, 
114, 
832, 

1,  807, 

3,  999, 
565, 
135, 

1,754, 
23, 
80, 

2, 708. 


173  94 
651  43 
894  00 
274  16 
992  00 
951  20 
155  30 
525  00 
791  58 
340  00 
181  80 
226  00 
742  00 
763  00 
596  00 
309  00 
861  41 
767  74 
193  00 
814  32 
626  00 
315  39 
270  00 
337  00 
136  28 
302  70 
619  00 
363  00 
821  00 
232  00  I 
750  00 
683  33  ! 


101, 1C3,  030  64 


REPORT    OF    THE    POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 


977 


in  tilt  United  States,  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1882. 


Domestic,  i 


Inteinational. 


CunaUa. 


Great  Britain  and  Ireland. 


German  Empire. 


$4,  CM  45 
.•530  00 

4,270  17 
;J5, 867  58 

5,  955  46 
17.  833  58 

4, 997  27 

2.437  94 

0,501  78 

5, 457  00 

527  00 

87, 303  85 

29, 331  45 


00 

72 

44 

1,715 

1,642 

805 

403 

18 

179 

134 

275 

76 

3,905 

329 


12,188  77 
2,869  00 
.'555  20 
45,400  41 
47.879  99  \ 
16,825  59  i 
9,940  64  I 
350  30  I 
3,172  39  ; 
3,725  62 
7,346  07 
2,802  85 
70,444  28  : 
5,314  32  \ 


36, 385  96 
26, 686  54 
16,362  39 

1,385  14 
17,  313  26 

7, 732  07 

54. 486  30 
33, 476  41 
15. 663  28 

6, 289  79 

47,023  90 

149  25 

38.487  12 
375  31 

!).  777  73 

31, 150  00 

90  00 

96,929  96 

.1. 164  60 

97, 097  91 

2,435  00 

50,  943  02 

1,  .'■.16  50 

415  66 

13,717  02 

23,  2»1  45 

277  00 

13,  720  DO 

1.5,  774  84 

5411  42 

5,  707  67 

23, 272  89 


405 

7,207  16 

159 

3,044  43 

152 

2,438  63 

229 

6,634  10 

1,695 

35,439  02 

194 

4.443  67 

9,893 

200.449  84 

6,965 

143.1.^4  :;3 

2, 003 

52,679  08 

18 

330  .50 

6:!2 

13,647  30 

390 

11.342  81 

198 

3,946  43 

407 

12,926  30 

465 

8,603  32 

701 

14.456  46 

19 

Ml  10 

6,362 

116.147  :*i 

32 

874  02 

1,056 

28.996  98 

351 

9,  .355  81 

2,017 

33.366  29 

810 

13,205  81 

43 

1.006  68 

134 

2.534  20 

200 

5.033  87 

98 

2.717  19 

290 

3,384  99 

230 

4.327  39 

243 

7,606  3tJ 

17 

.115  07 

1.468 

38.344  25 

67 

1,709  31 

905,707  61   45",  229   1,018,04102   17,244  55   182.293   2,740,362  09   78,626  30    116, 370  ^2,057,705  42   36,785  70 


62  Ab 


978 


TAPERS    ACCOMPANYING    THE 
No.  II.— Statement  of  money-order  transactions  at  poal-oSp-ces  in  the 


International— Continued. 

Switzerland. 

Italy. 

Franco. 

States  and  Terri- 
tories. 

0) 

ti 

a 

a 
"A 

u 

-si 

o 

< 

1^ 

2 

o 
'A 

2 

o 

o  2 

"Si 

o 

a 

o 

1 

o  2 

Si 

a 

2 

o 

!!§ 

2.2 

o 

a 

i 

14 

5 

606 

97 

60 

$414  50 

95  00 

83  00 

15,731  41 

2,  850  26 

1,  080  95 

$9  60 

1  50 

1  90 

358  35 

58  15 

21  45 

33 

14 

21 

617 

383 

605 

4 

7 

84 

54 

57 

1 

3,  231 

70 

$943  00 

015  00 

488  26 

14,  973  31 

14, 289  68 

12, 770  24 

200  00 

83  00 

1,  392  27 

1,  592  89 

1,  773  15 

20  00 

94,  935  77 

2,201  94 

$15  15 

9  30 

7  95 

244  25 

220  95 

212  35 

3  00 

2  20 

23  85 

25  50 

28  05 

30 

1, 490  85 

35  40 

44 

33 

2 

477 

55 

59 

2 

10 
138 

35 

39 

9 

321 

50 

$1, 044  64 

514  87 

98  76 

6, 786  12 

1,711  29 

882  26 

10  60 

368  13 

2, 736  78 

880  41 

723  95 

155  00 

5,  560  98 

586  98 

$17  25 
9  00 

1  50 
123  85 

26  85 
16  95 
30 
5  85 
48  60 
14  10 
12  75 

2  40 
100  75 

11  55 

Connecticut  .*••... 

14 
46 

7 
47 

5 

1,889 

96 

268  50 
794  28 
233  76 

1, 100  80 

218  76 

36,  089  40 

1,  671  73 

7  05 
16  60 

4  15 
23  10 

3  45 

831  60 

35  65 

Districtof  Columbia 

Georgia.. .••••••... 

135 
28 
95 
99 
3 
41 

239 
98 
63 

3,  247  95 

484  38 

2,  363  44 

2,  529  38 

51  88 

709  48 

4, 489  01 

1, 385  25 

1,403  93 

72  05 
10  60 
47  45 
59  05 
1  00 
17  60 
103  10 

30  70 

31  00 

22 
12 
86 
1,328 
28 

205 
1,212 

116 
56 
70 

737 

41 

19 

77 

2 

350 

44 

2,301 

13 

472 
33 

838 

105 
34 

150 

340 

5 

14 

134 

458  48 

186  75 

2, 178  29 

32, 816  22 

483  51 

5, 195  43 

27,  938  71 

3,  260  81 

1, 536  38 

2,  820  33 
21,  GOl  36 

1,  538  18 

529  26 

2, 577  23 

20  00 

7,  956  24 

1,  515  04 

53,  962  60 

550  00 

12,  235  95 

1,  046  92 

59, 439  36 

1,  551  30 

766  78 

3,  002  87 
10, 597  25 

86  00 

175  91 

3,  312  29 

7  65 
4  30 

35  70 
535  05 

8  40 
89  05 

403  00 

52  95 

24  90 

43  20 

345  60 

24  15 

8  65 

40  65 

30 

130  65 

24  65 

877  50 

8  40 

199  40 

16  50 

960  00 

28  05 

13  05 

49  80 

168  50 

1  50 

3  00 

54  40 

39 

19 

83 

394 

9 

91 

449 

101 

58 

9 

120 

9 

4 

22 

2 

210 

2 

2,234 

3 

152 

26 

304 

91 

21 

16 

141 

11 

16 

43 

7 

12 

38 

5 

361  81 
280  08 
1, 438  59 
5,  560  14 
78  85 
1, 184  57 
7,  035  81 

1,  593  44 
1, 147  78 

169  45 

2, 118  73 

345  00 

60  00 
683  00 

41  49 

3,  931  94 

6  40 
35, 467  32 

7  21 

2,  616  07 
877  68 

4,  828  89 
1,  032  09 

391  88 
266  64 
2, 593  59 
261  32 
310  03 
963  12 

91  00 
169  47 
793  94 

70  00 

8  10 

5  80 

26  10 

103  20 

1  80 
23  85 

131  90 
30  00 
19  95 

2  85 
39  60 

5  40 
1  20 

10  65 

1  20 

67  75 

30 

653  60 

45 

47  95 

14  70 

88  75 

33  85 

7  20 

4  65 

45  55 

1  35 

6  15 
16  95 

1  95 

3  15 
13  80 

1  05 

Maine »••... 

Maryland •^... 

Maasachusetts 

671 
5 
9 

18 

206 

13,775  63 

92  00 

96  00 

249  94 

176  00 

4, 287  74 

301  60 

1  65 

2  45 
5  45 

3  35 
83  75 

Kew  Hampshire  -  - . 
Kew  Jersey 

2,826 

1 

795 

65 

859 

30 

4 

178 

202 

27 

58, 449  93 

12  00 

14, 776  83 

1,  553  73 
19,  027  83 

354  01 
159  20 

2,  973  19 
4,836  68 

438  55 

i,  306  20 

50 

335  60 

36  40 

413  85 

8  20 
5  40 

66  45 
94  15 

9  70 

North  Carolina 

Ohio 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode  Island 

South  Carolina 

Texas  

Utah 

13 
3 

15 
457 

237  88 

100  74 

408  00 

6, 517  07 

5  75 

1  65 

8  35 

157  95 

Weiit  Virgiuia 

3 

82 

3 

105  00 

2,443  64 

55  00 

1  65 

39  00 
90 

Total 

10,  080 

205,  820  06 

4,  591  50 

14,  233 

408, 221  60 

6, 579  60 

6,015  09,738  10 

1 

1,  815  45 

REPORT    OF   THE    POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 
United  States  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1882 — Continued. 


979 


Iiifcrnational — Continued. 

Jamaica. 

New  Zealand. 

New  South  "Wales. 

Victoria. 

2 

«0 

S 

k 

o 

a 
< 

2 

1. 

'z  * 

5 

5 

a 

■5 

i 

2 

5 

3 

S 

» 

■H 

5 
B 
< 

09 

it 

2 
1 

E 

a 

'A 

a 
t 

5 
a 

•5 

g 

s 

c 

c 

a 

•3 

« 

a 
a 
'a 
P 

1 

$2  93 

to  15 

1 

$16  (2 
05  ;8 
56  f4 

219  43 
19  i7 

137  t2 
10  >3 

4  :« 

1 

1 

1  ■ 

u 

$153  77 

?2  70 

22 

1 

$491  5t 
1  CO 

$8  25 
15 

"8 

051  24 
361  10 

10  6.5 
5  25 

1 

$721  87 
15  00 
78  33 

111  55 

30 

1  20 

o 

73  05 

1  20 

43  29 

•■> 

38  96 

60 

71  33 

4 

3 

200  00 
120  00 

3  00 
1  80 

1 

23  13 

45 

6 
2 

161  50 
38  06 

2  ."JS 
75 

714  04 

456  26 

405  29 
430  63 

310  24 
13  54 
71  30 

1 

11  99 

80 

1 

5  00 

15 

i         45  U 

75 

1 
3 

1  22 
100  00 

15 
1  05 

3 
I 

145  71 
10  00 

2  25 
15 

1 

1 

24  35 
48  70 

45 
75 

1 

9  00 

15 

41"'  12 

1 

48  70 

i  66 

a 

34  35 

60 

103  77 

552  53 

11 

15  00 

30 

2 

0  89 

30 

513  67 

1 

25  00 

45 

133  17 

1 

20  00 

30 

111  68 

4  00 

25 

3 

82  79 

1  35 

1 

48  70 

75 

198  61 

20 

438  63 

8  45 

10 

242  75 

4  20 

19 

083  70 

10  65 

» 

143  90 

2  85 

1,006  00 
115  20 

1 

50  00 

75 

4 
U 
2 

43  48 

300  00 

39  85 

95 

S  75 

75 

1 

48  70 

75 

1 

2  19 

15 

461  73 

32  01 

1 

10  00 

15 

1 

40  34 

50  00 

75 
75 

1 

19  48 

30 

802  23 
8  00 

') 

89  70 

1  35 

1U7  80 

77  57 

301  33 

2  33 

110  61 

326  45 

183  96 

S18  05 

A'o 



917  '.'S 

16  65 

. 

1,561  7« 

27  80 

69 

2.  345  75 

39  75 

47  1 

1,200  83  1 

19  95 : 

1 

B,990  7« 

080 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 
No,  11. — Statement  of  money-order  travsactions  at  post-offices  in  the 


States  auil  I'omtories. 


Alabama 

^Irizona 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Oonnecticnt 

Dakota 

Delaware 

District  of  Colombia. 

Florida 

Georgia  ............. 

Idaho  

Illinois 

Indiana 

Indian  Territory 

Iowa 

Kansas... 

Eentncky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Miississippi ...... 

Missouri 

Montana  ............ 

Nebraska 

Nevada  

New  Hampshire.-... 

New  Jersey 

New  Mexico 

New  York 

North  Carolina 

Ohio 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania 

JBhode  Island 

South  Carolina 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

"Vermont 

"Virginia 

"W  ashington 

"West  Virginia 

"Wisoon-iu 

■Wyoming 


Domestic. 


Interna- 
tional. 


61, 409 

4,  330 

54, 380 

2'.'6,  026 

70, 817 

95,  523 

17, 100 

7, 413 

66,  849 

29,  647 

141,  859 

4,333 

1,  061, 471 

252, 892 

572 

324,  201 

191, 620 

149, 523 

164, 832 

124,  807 

110, 966 

464, 332 

317, 102 

130, 453 

57,  978 

481,064 

6,126 

90,507 

■10,  065 

39, 806 

78,  836 

4,122 

1, 404,  675 

53, 132 

670,  873 

45,  978 

552,  519 

23, 110 

43, 112 

147,  515 

206,208 

13,  582 

39,  925 

86,  969 

12,  329 

22, 573 

233,  302 

4,487 


Tolal 8,401,668 


$949, 

130, 

1,  050, 

4, 348, 

1,  384, 

1, 177, 

352, 

110, 

705, 

Oil, 

2,048, 

139, 

11, 924, 

3,424, 

32, 

4,  538, 

3,  261, 
2, 374, 
2,388, 
1, 516, 
1,828, 

4,  607, 
4,  368, 
1,  998, 

795, 

7,435, 

143, 

1, 495, 

234, 

588, 

1,  301, 

95, 

14,  924, 

842, 

7, 718, 

1, 109, 

6,  318, 

353, 

630, 

2,487, 

4, 220, 

309, 

569, 

1, 395, 

356, 

348. 

3,  52,5, 

93, 


175  15 
569  08 
510  1!) 
327  88 
6!I0  69 
739  90 
769  72 
359  92 
045  05 
856  57 
219  04 
915  85 
187  81 
051  78 
402  88 
981  47 
070  97 
946  23 
475  82 
074  00 
716  10 
177  55 
455  57 
306  78 
941  87 
384  22 
314  56 
926  78 
536  50 
339  55 
196  11 
767  44 
817  14 
544  71 
116  96 
093  96 
653  45 
278  43 
694  22 
159  19 
112  80 
193  92 
600  64 
571  40 
665  44 
369  39 
371  69 
619  38 


112,  605, 295  84 


$13,  287  38 

2,899  13 

21,  051  .50 

32,  047  90 

23,  682  08 

6,  008  00 

7, 235  40 

872  82 

4, 416  27 

8,  835  37 
12,  925  76 

3, 226  18 

62,  793  25 

25,  882  48 

257  62 

41,  930  45 

38,  690  62 

10,  9'13  48 

12,  936  99 

5, 553  81 

6, 024  48 

17, 583  87 

36,416  17 

19, 352  72 

16, 556  77 

32,891  65 

3,  528  89 

17, 756  55 

6,  537  83 

3,  450  33 

7, 106  35 

2,  088  97 

54, 123  56 

9,  457  44 
42. 350  00 

8,497  27 
38, 152  83 

2,  295  19 

6,  611  88 
15, 105  58 
49,  Oil  01 

3,  049  70 
8, 736  67 

7,  548  61 
4,703  58 
3,  583  22 

27,  578  32 
2,431  07 


$31  96 

'iio,'885'6o' 

258  60 

11  86 

78  00 


24  56 

330  84 

3, 223  00 

282  00 

33, 173  00 

20, 737  89 

1, 443  09 

373  68 

145  27 

259  75 

2, 500  00 

98  43 
434  00 
584  00 
425  60 
340  08 
19,  587  80 

645  22 

96  00 
103  01 

467,  260  31 

1,  462  00 

60, 173  90 

581  00 

8, 634  90 

124  50 
7, 773  58 
2,  916  84 

117  93 
529  85 

68  50 
488  98 

$2,  052, 

409, 

2,541, 

3,  364, 

3, 134, 

506, 

5.j6, 

57, 

1, 009, 

639, 

2, 241, 

385, 

6,  989, 

2,  628, 

59, 

3, 896, 

2,313, 

951, 

3, 414, 

592, 

490, 

997, 

3,782, 

2,  531, 
1, 731, 
5,232, 

619, 

2. 191, 

718, 

230, 

445, 

366, 

20,  739, 

1,310, 

3,  389, 
1,  976, 
3,  677, 

270, 

1,  622, 

1,  869, 

6, 480, 

638, 

199, 

1, 771, 

396, 

315, 

3,  098, 

245, 


473  00 

020  00 
928  90 
340  77 
834  50 
275  00 
390  44 
240  74 
828  08 
630  00 
798  00 
273  00 
953  88 
150  27 
408  50 
361  52 
247  00 
372  15 
023  16 
540  00 

021  92 
845  79 
410  00 
742  00 
041  82 
105  09 
902  64 
869  19 
096  00 
119  51 
535  00 
414  41 
990  94 
814  31 
502  89 
028  00 
388  06 
802  00 
772  00 
664  19 
204  04 
886  70 
611  50 
153  92 
778  00 
889  55 
087  21 
345  05 


Canada. 


9 

15 

27 

1,879 

100 

1,895 

196 

21 

323 

03 

45 

5 

3,730 

410 


263 

89 

109 

231 

2,284 

299 

7,628 

3,621 

956 

7 

483 

80 

202 

30 

248 

701 

1 

16,663 

7 

1,816 

375 

2,973 

345 

12 

35 

75 

11 

338 

90 

181 

5 

587 

15 


783,  006  06  I  752,  204  88  |  105,  084, 110  64  |   49,  537 


REPORT   OJ-    THE    I'OSTMASTER-GENERAI 
United  Slatt:i  for  the  Jiscal  year  ended  June  30,  leWii— Couiiuued. 


981. 


luteruutioDal — Continued. 


Canada. 


Switzerland. 


785,826  01  '4,206  73   3i,  MO   407,700  IK)   0,479  00   n4,U74    1,047,1M0  77  ,10,4'Jl  10  14,020   113,393  05  ,t>09  20 


982 


PAPERS    ACCOMPANYING   THE 
No.  11.— Statement  of  money-order  transactions  at  jwst  offices  inihe 


International— Continued, 

Italy. 

France. 

J.imaica. 

States  and  Territories. 

1 

o 

it 

3 

3 

A 

o 
1 

O 

P 

-A 

I 

< 

o 
o.;i 

1 

3 

n 

u 

o 

3 
O 

6 
<1 

2 

o 

^% 

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3  * 

o 

a 

2 
1 

2 

S 

9  "^ 
5 

a 
< 

o  a 

4i  ft 
gg 

o 

a 

1 

$11  45 

9 

12 
150 
Gl 
40 
1 
13 
52 

ii 

5 

$301  10 

51  46 

337  46 

4,  646  79 

9GG46 

674  63 

19  04 

539  22 

1,  026  29 

322  03 

104  99 

3 

30 

114  48 
1,024  51 

$25  00 
60  00 
54  00 

$65  00 



16 

695  08 

72 

1 

$1  91 

District  of  Columbia . 

26 
1 

1 

6G3  35 
47  70 
19  08 

5  00 

1 

6 

1  22 
15132 

20  00 

30  00 

50 

10  00 

34 
3 

1,  073  05 
30  52 

82  00 

no 

15 

2,  853  07 
270  63 

8 

93  09 

5 
6 
3 

48 
1 

34 

42 
6 
3 
2 

12 

62  77 

239  46 

114  48 

1,  731  60 

7  63 

1,280  00 

1, 126  45 

255  29 

97  80 

56  29 

309  82 

30 

39 

18 

230 

n 

36 
106 
39 
7 
4 
83 

937  07 
1,  538  .52 

315  74 
G,  826  08 

298  28 

673  32 
1,  .505  36 

1,  226  (17 
200  69 

40  59 

2,  626  51 

5  40 

2 

58  44 

96  00 

4  29 

4 
2 
6 

12 

4 

58  58 

27  35 

392  20 

302  50 

34  60 

.' 

5  00 
20  98 

Massachusetts 

145  48 
88  88 

1 

24  35 

4 
8 

190  80 
301  58 

14 
3 
2 

58 

000  54 

142  85 

88  09 

1, 236  00 

20  00 
7  54 
1  98 

10 

350  30 

4 

102  27 

New  York 

291 

5,  47i  32 

146  00 

1,196 
1 

57 

7 

158 

10 
2 
7 

34 

18,  616  38 

38  09 

1,  064  71 

138  97 

3,  607  09 

236  13 

100  00 

83  17 

873  89 

278  93 

216 

6,  786  55 

Ohio 

16 

484  15 

50  00 

5  00 

5 

29  54 

Pennsylvania 

60 
6 

1,  089  74 
142  01 



132  00 

40  00 

22 

j      403  60 

1  38 

1            1 

5 
26 
10 

102  18 

1, 123  35 

477  00 

10  00 

1 

Texas 

1 

Utah 

1 

2 

24 

9 

40 

39  23 
54S  92 
328  07 

23  03 
1,  225  03 

1 
1 

4  87 
4  87 

1 

17 

654  15 

30  00 

20  00 

1 

"Wisconsin 

8 

119  48 

1 

1          4  87 

"VVyOTTnin*r 

1                  " 

Total 

738 

19,616  87 

715  98 

2,728 

57,  352  79 

745  10  1    297 

1  8,284  13    

REPORT   OF   THE   POSTMASTER-GEXERAL. 
United  Stales  during  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  :10,  18S2— Continufd. 


983 


International — Contiuuod. 

Total. 

New  Zealand.     New  Sonth  Wales. 

Victoria. 

•a 

o 
a 

s 

H 

H 

a    . 

§2 

i 
1 

S 

1 
c 

0    . 
.=  n 

1 

1 
feg. 

a 

a 

fe          i 

o 

°« 

S  *" 

s 
s 

£     S 

o     1  u 

•si  -^1 

4  .: 

s      le 

1      1 

l^    it 

c  ^      [as. 
o            c 

B        a 
<         A 

o 

B 

s 
1. 

c  c 

3 

o 

1 

1 

ID 

"Z 

U 

m 

$220  05 

23  00 

1, 005  95 

8,eou  60 

31  62 

44  15 

421  03 

19  75 

50, 420  80 

109  97 

495  73 

581  25 

2,688  1»2 

449  80 

$8,016  40 
1,  490  .16 
8,879  84 

23, 0119  71 
9,587  38 

$2.5. 081  18 
9  GIM  19 

$224  90 

25  639  05 

ino  9R 

U  ii,793  22 

.... 

19 

$500  41 

.... 

85  1    1644  80 

07,796  10         119  38 
.52.  252  28            118  .(1 

8 

150  55 

.... 

1 

1  28 

.... 

2          29  22 

7,414  38         12,010  29         280  97 
3,217  28  i      15,757  71           11  *>! 

856  29  1        1, 014  84 
6, 441  10           8.  lOR  24 

2  99 

1 

ii 

8 

04  83 

4,  430  80 

11,534  09 

1,400  40 

00,484  48 

23,208  78 

220  28 

32,904  00 

22, 675  10 

11,452  99 

8,  871  35 

8, 300  08 

7,850  84 

26,040  29i 

20,608  58 

23.526  33 
28,211  53 
U.2M  52 
IMJ.  998  43 
32,  532  »9 
054  00 
G8, 848  29 
30,919  41 
]«.  801  CI 
70,511  34 
13,487  08 
7, 155  50 
81,954  85 
63. 007  82 

i4  11 

64  43 

05  17 

25 

517  59 
31  10 

.... 

10 
1 

850  87 
14  01 

.... 

8 

101  80 

5W  01 
212  8:t 

119  75 

817  27 

004  02 

2.  403  70 

2,  277  08 

103  98 

05 

245  35 

1.14  33 

168  20 

35  56 

2,957  84 

45  05 

10  75 

8  88 

24  42 

18  80 

1,411  67 
108  24 

o 

34  09 
4  87 

1 

167  CO 

12  24 

1 

24  35 

76  09 

3, 103  38 

.... 

1 

24  35 

.... 

1 

1  52 

55  71 
00  11 

78 

10 
1 

223  03 
19  48 



12 

1 

108  02 
4  20 

420  74 
824  90 

0 

97  40 

13,00148        33;  003  18 
9, 410  05         35.  501  76 

06  SO 

1 

2 

20  22 
48  70 

80  07 

3 

82  38 

.... 

32,720  57 
1, 850  85 

11, 194  31 

2,014  11 

3,700  06 

7,  528  10 

987  54 

61,803  82 
20,  931  15 
31,825  U 
10, 182  98 
0,  4.'>3  23 
8. 983  47 
10.  568  03 

789  03 

1 

113  30 

1 

1 

24  35 

1 

207  09 

14 

351  32 

1 

2 

58  44 

310  62 

1 

218 

2, 178  08 

....|  36 

687  27 

.... 

SO 

1, 181  04 

38.243  38 

3, 083  60 

220  20 

523  36 

400  30 

302  25 

14  85 

340  11 

2, 700  70 

111  00 

37  35 

114  17 

10  00 

3  00 

190  10 

•2H  40 

D8, 087  93         57, 075  38 
7,018  17         18,3.13  02 

682  03 
09  52 

7 

88  24 

....  .     .1 

1 

24  35 

44, 982  85         5.-.,  253  02         035  68 

3         120  50 
0           62  08 

C,  789  85         88, 440  22  '        59  44 

35 
1 

404  30 
48  70 

6 
1 

6:1  79 

48  70 

37,100  48  '      69,205  77         830  45 
1.9:.0  43  1        4.844  77  ,        11  80 

1 

5, 854  94         16, 729  58 
12, 946  Ki         20, 0;i5  88 
27,274  51  1     117,196  03 

1,812  44  ,      2:1.012  63 

198  80 

o 

14  01 

1 

1                  1 

220  10 

1        1 

1 

201  03 

4 

4  A  on 

17  04 
14  01 

1       ! 

2  1        48  70    .... 

17  73 

1 

4.451  08 
8, 222  30 
2,747  90 
2, 807  65 
23, 825  40 
1,141  38 

6,0:10  54 
21.044  34 
12, 443  20 

0.241  81 
49, 950  43 

4.134  52 

132  61 

1 

.... 

2 

73  05 

1.:.. 

348  42 

1.... 

•■••i""'::':r:: 

1 

21  1:1 

,    3 

;t7  25  1 

1 

48  70  i.... 

417  1.-. 

.... 

^  1          -' ••••! 

i                          ' 

427 

!  9,  202  47    . .  .      !i:t     2,  077  05 

....,129  1  2,003  72    ....  IL'.'-.STl  24   094,709  02  ll. 511,549  21  10,424  C3 

1        1                   ■        \                     '                     1                        1 

984  PAPBRS   ACCOMPAiCYING    TUli 

No.  IS. — iitiikmcnt  showimj  lite  rcccipta  and  diehurbcinents  at  the  luouxyonicr  qjffkcs  of  the 
United  States  during  thejiacal  year  ended  June  30,  IbtfJi. 

KECEIPTS, 

Bnlance  in  tlio  liiinds  of  postmastors  Jnno  30,  1881 $1,427,108  59 

Balance  in  the  hands  of  tho  Assistant  United  States  Treasurer  at  New- 
York,  N.  Y.,  Juno:50,  1881 2,321,740  83 

Amount  deposited  with  the  Assistant  United  States  Treasurer  at  New 
York.N.  Y 2,054,745  53 

Amount  received  for  domestic  money-orders  issued. . .  $113, 400, 118  21 

Amount  received  for  Canadian  international  money- 
orders  issued 1, 018, 641  62 

Amount  received  for  British  international  money- 
orders  issued 2,740,302  09 

Amount  received  for  German  international  money- 
orders  issued  2,057,705  42 

Amount  received  for  Swiss  international  money-orders 
issued 205,820  06 

Amount  received  for  Italian  international  money- 
orders  issued 408, 221  60 

Amount  received  for  French,  international  money- 
orders  issu(Ml 99,  738  10 

Amount  received  for  Jamaica  international  money- 
orders  issued 917  23 

Amount  received  for  New  Zealandinternational  money- 
orders  issued 1, 561  78 

Amount  received  for  New  South  Wales  international 

money-orders  issued 2, 345  75 

Amount  received  for  Victoria  international  money- 
orders  issued 1,200  83 

Total  issued 119,936,632  69 

Amount  received  for  fees  on  domestic  money-orders 
issued 1,053,710  55 

Amount  received  for  fees  on  Canadian  international 
money  orders  issued 17, 244  55 

Amount  received  for  fees  on  British  international 
money-orders  i-ssued 78, 526  30 

Amount  received  for  fees  on  German  international 
money-orders  issued 36, 785  70 

Amount  received  for  fees  on  Swiss  international  money- 
orders  issued !  4, 591  50 

Amount  received  for  fees  on  Italian  international 
money-orders  issued 6, 579  60 

Amount  received  for  fees  on  French  international 
money-orders  issued 1,815  45 

Amount  received  for  fees  on  Jamaica  international 
money-orders  issued 16  65 

Amount  received  for  fees  on  New  Zealand  international 
money-orders  issued 27  SO 

Amouut  received  for  fees  on  New  South  Wales  inter- 
national money-orders  issued 36  75 

Amount  received  for  fees  on  Victoria  international 
money-orders  issued 19  95 

Total  fees 1,199,354  80 

Amount  i-eceived  for  premiums,  &o 828  07 

Amount  received  for  deposits 90,339,829  68 

Amount  received  for  drafts 10,823,200  96 

Amount  transferred  from  postage  fund 905, 707  61 

Amount  overpaid  by  postmasters 9,990  70 

Total  receipts 229,019,139  46 

DISBURSEMENTS. 

Amount  of  domestic  money-orders  paid .$112, 605, 295  84 

Amount  of  Canadian  international  money-orders  paid.  785,  326  01 

Amount  of  British  international  money-orders  paid..  407, 766  93 

Amount  of  German  intornational  money-orders  paid.        1, 047, 940  77 


REPORT    OF    THE    l>0fc>TMA8TEB-GENEKAL.  985 

Amount  of  Swiss  international  luouey-ordcrs  paid..  .  5ll3,'21h;  05 

Amount  of  Italian  international  money-orders  paid,.  19,616  ^7 

Amount  of  PYeneh  international  money-ordera  paid..  57,352  79 

Amount  of  Jamaica  international  money-ordere  paid.  8,284  13 
Amount  of  New  Zealand  international  money-orders 

paid    9,202  47 

Amount  of  New  South  Wales  international  money- 

order8i)aid 2,077  05 

Amount  of  A'^ictoria  international  money-orders  paid.  2, 603  72 

Total  paid 115,05^,758  G3 

Amount  of  domestic  money-orders  repaid.  $783,006  06 

Amount  of  Canadian  international  money- 
orders  reiiaid 4, 296  73 

Amount  oi  British  international  money- 
orders  repaid 5,479  96 

Amount  of  German  international  money- 
orders  repaid i..     10, 421  15 

Amount  of  Swiss  international  money- 
orders  repai<l 859  25 

Amoimt  of  Italian  international  money- 
orders  repaid 715  98 

Amount  oi  French  international  money- 
orders  repaid 745  10 

Amount  of  Jamaica  international  money- 
orders  repaid 

Amount  of  New  Zealand  international 
money-orders  repaid 

Amount  of  New  South  Wales  international 
money-orders  repaid 

Amount  of  Victoria  international  money- 
orders  repaid 

Totalrepaid 805,f^24  23 

Amount  transferred  to  postage  fund 752,  *i04  83 

Amount  deposited  at  first-class  otlices 105,684,110  64 

Amount  paid  for  incidental  expenses 125,371  24 

Amount  paid  for  commissions  and  clerk-hire 694,709  62 

Miscellaneous  items 10, 424  65 

Amount  of  drafts  drawn  on  and  paid  by  the  Assistant 

United  States  Treasurer  at  New  York,  N.  Y 1 ,  753, 430  95 

Balance  in  the  hands  of  the  Assistant  United  States 

Treasurer  at  New  York,  N.  Y.,  June  30, 1882 2, 623,  055  41 

Balance  in  the  hands  of  postmasters  June  30,  1882.. .  1,  511,  549  21 

Total  disbursements ^229,019,139  46 


No.  13. — Statement  showing  the  revenue  which  accrued  on  domexllc  money-order  transaO' 
tions  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1882. 

Amount  received  for  fees  on  issued  orders $1, 053, 710  55 

Amount  received  for  premiums,  &.c i^.i>^  07 

1, 05-1,538  62 
Amount  allowed  postmasters  for  commissions  and  clerk- 
hire  .?652,399  or. 

Lost  remittances 1, 105  00 

Bad  debts :W,0S3  52 

Incidental  expenses H7,C(»lt  f<7 

Net  revenue 280,341  17 

1,054,.V.H  (;2 


986  PAPERS   ACCOMPANYING  THE 

No.  14. — Statement  sliowing  the  revenue  which  accrued  on  international  money-order  transac- 
tions  fur  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1881. 

CANADIAN. 

Ainouiit  received  for  fi-os  on  issued  orders $14,0.58  G.'i 

Aniount  allowed  postmasters: 

For  coniinissioiiH  and  clerk-hire $r),153  47 

For  incidental  expenses 101  70 

Excess  of  commissions  paid  Canada i'2?^  ^^ 

Net  revenue • ' 7,77G  31 

14,0.-)8G.T 

BRITISH. 

Amount  received  for  fees  on  issued  orders $58, 225  10 

Gain  in  excliange 10,866  93 

69, 122  03 
Amount  allowed  postmasters : 

For  commissions  and  clerk-lii re $14,949  14 

For  incidental  expenses 140  84 

Excess  of  commissions  paid  Great  Britain 12,365  26 

Net  revenue 41,666  79 

69, 122  03 

GKRMAN. 

Amount  received  for  fees  on  issued  orders $24,904  60 

Gain  in  exchange 12,250  44 

37,155  04 
Amount  allowed  postmasters: 

For  commissions  and  clerk-Lire......... $14,174  64 

For  incidental  expenses 179  43 

Excess  of  commissions  paid  Germany 3, 892  87 

Net  revenue 18,908  10 

37, 155  04 

SWISS. 

Amount  received  f<u-  fees  on  issued  orders $4, 106  90 

Gain  in  excliauge - 337  34 

4,444  24 
Amount  allowed  postmasters : 

For  commissions  and  clerk-hire $1,646  70 

For  incidental  expenses 16  57 

Excess  of  commissions  jiaid  Switzerland 338  64 

Net  revenue 2,442  33 

4, 444  24 

ITALIAN. 

Amount  received  for  fees  on  issued  orders S4, 497  94 

Gain  in  exchange 6, 875  57 

11,373  47 
Amount  allowed  postmasters : 

For  commissions  and  clerk-hire $1,098  70 

For  incidental  expenses 19  42 

Excess  of  commissions  paid  Italy 1,786  10 

Net  revenue .' 8,469  25 

11, 373  47 

FRENCH. 

Amount  received  for  fees  on  issued  orders §1, 333  30 

Gain  in  exchange 914  27 

Amount  allowed  postmasters :  2, 247  57 

For  counnissions  and  clerk-hire $S47  (54 

For  incidental  expenses 11  46 

Excess  of  commissions  paid  France 225  07 

Netrevenue 1,163  40 

■ 2,247  57 


REPORT   OF   THE   POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 


987 


No.  15. — Slatement  shoicing  the  transfers  to  and  from  the  money-order  account  during  the 
fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  IBrJ. 

Amount  transferred  from  postage  to  money-order  account $905,707  Gl 

Amount  transferred  from  money-order  to  jiostage  account.     $752, 204  88 
Less  balance  due  postage  account  from  June  DO,  18dl  (trans- 
ferred September23,  Ibdl) 404,505  07 

207,099  81 
Balance  due  postage  account  June  30,  1882  (transferred 

September  27,  l!?tf2) 018,007  60 

905,707  61 


No.  10. — Statement  of  assets  and  liabilities  June  20,  lStf2. 

ASSKTS. 

Balance  in  the  bands  of  Assistant  Treasurer  at  New  York  June  30, 1832.  $2,  G-2:\,  055  41 
Balance  in  tbe  bands  of  postmasters  June  30,  1882 1,511,549  21 

4,134,604  62 

LIABILITIES. 

Revenue  on  domestic  money-order  account §280,341  17 

Revenue  on  internation.'U  money-order  account HO,  420  18 

Amount  due  postage  account 618, 007  80 

Unpaid  domestic  and  international  money -orders  and  bal- 
ances of  unadjusted  international  accounts 3,155,829  47 

4,134,604  62 


No.   17. —  Wvighl  of  letters,  vewspapcrx,  <J"c.,  sent  from  the  United  States  to  European 
countries  duriny  thefisc<il  year  ended  June  30,  1882. 


Steanisliip  lines. 

Great  Britain. 

Germany. 

France. 

Letters. 

Papers,  &.c. 

Letters. 

Tapers,  &.c. 

Letters. 

Papers,  &c. 

Ciinaril 

■\Vhifo  Star 

Liverj»<><il  »n<l  Great  West- 

em  Stoaiii  Coiii)iaiiv 

Hanibiirft-Anivrirnn  I'lickft 

Grams. 
1.1,  C99, 824 
2U,  20ti,  418 

20,015,780 

3, 145, 491 

3.  4.-.2, 238 

VJ,7'>r>,  109 

2.2i:i,3KI 

190,  022 

-•:l,4f2 

Grams. 

63,  .'■)97,  208 
92,  723,  5ii2 

89, 807, 477 

15,893,831 

15,  320,  sn« 

C.">.:i8»,  S19 

12,675,212 

2,  298.  5»4 

5,  542,  244 

Grains. 

5,  590,  074 
2,  115,  523 

11,1.55,924 

9,  349,  730 

16,311.319 

1,  3.5:1,  890 

199,  005 

Grams. 

13,081,  Oil 
3,  310,  492 

36, 407,  152 

32, 987, 050 

01.770.004 

2,013,31(0 

472,  930 

Orams. 

672. 676 
2,  447, 477 

2,  395,  046 

1,336,381 

079, 701 
1, 0:12.  0.54 

85,588 

Grains. 
L  2.-.7,  237 
10,  278,  933 

13, 573, 135 

8, 079, 583 

1, 808,  SSI 

ICortli     (ii'i-inau     Liu;,  il    of 

7  r>70  43.1 

Auchiir 

710,  18.1 

Aincricau  Stvaiimliip  Cimi- 

pllllV 

K<«1  Star 

1, 859.  678 

8. 800.  517 

>'('tli(M'liiii(ls  Steam  N.'»  i;.:i 

Total 

80,115.747 

383. 249,  SM 

1.50,738,899 
21.281,690 

11,108,001 
080,304 

52,?34,003 

Increase  rompared  with  lost 
Uscalyear 

•,437.981 

59,  oca,  5:ii 

0.  931, 318 

:)88 


TAl-EHH    ACOOMrANYlNG    THE 


Ko.  17. —  IWitjht  of  Icllvva,  newspapers,  ijx. — Continued. 


Italf. 

Belg 

ium. 

Denmark. 

Stoainsltii)  linos. 

Letters,    j  Papers,  &c. 

Letters. 

Papers,  &.C. 

Lcttf-rs. 

Papers,  &c.      j 

Grams,     i     Grams. 

955,  390       3, 859,  887 
1,  212, 197       7, 197, 311 

1, 435, 462       5, 778, 294 

212,  201      1, 191, 686 

286,400       1,412,090 
921,118  i     5,186,61)1 
62,  520           :;51,  040 

Grams. 
226,  884 
304,516 

284, 182 

44, 722 

72.  610 

242,  478 
11,005 

Grams. 

82U,  Kt2 
1,  585, 494 

1, 304,  582 

203, 075 

302, 901 

1, 142,  889 

92,  573 

Grams. 
239,  2JiO 
3,790 

678,  795 

486,  055 

1,004,110 
13,  050 
34,  840 

Grams. 
321,  342 
4,060 

1,  232, 838 

902, 103 

1,  347. 160 

"WliitoStar 

Livorpool  iind  Great  West- 
ern Steam  Conipauy 

Hauibui'ii-Amencau  Packet 

Xorth    Genuan    Lloyd    of 

28,  070 

89, 440 

American  Steamship  Gom- 

I                       j 

1 

7,100 

13, 152 

Netherlan(il8  Steam  Naviga- 

Totil 

5,  085,  348 

24,  976, 905 

1,  253, 497 

5, 525, 498 

2, 459, 920 

3, 925, 033 

1, 315, 338 

3,444,085 

95,766 

417, 347 

685,490 

339, 533 

Netherlands. 

Switzerland. 

Spain. 

Steamship  lines. 

Letters. 

Papers,  &c. 

Letters. 

Papers,  &c. 

Letters. 

Papers,  &c. 

Grams. 
462,  336 
698,  408 

543,  724 

96, 370 

141,  695 
428,  573 

Gi'ams. 

894,974 
2,  276, 759 

1,  513,  403 

320, 713 

391,  898 
IfiSfi.  890 

Grams. 
553,  604 
881, 166 

818,  055 

133, 209 

161,  995 

572,  475 

36,  900 

Grams. 
1,  897, 452 
4,  067, 892 

4, 326,  907 

759, 256 

715,  538 

2, 937,  923 

186,  840 

Orams. 
214, 258 
318,  819 

262,  592 

50,  508 

.55,  530 

220,  852 

9,000 

Grams. 
1, 149,  497 

Wliite  Star             

2, 389,  060 

ern  Steam  Company 

Hamburg- American  Packet 

Company  

North    German    Lloyd    of 

Bremen 

1,  806, 182 

374,  316 

361,  010 
l,(i41,980 

Anchor 

22,300  j      '    92,840 

97,000 

American  Steamship  Com-  j                                                                 1 

Bed  Star                   '     1 -- 1 

1                       '                       1 

Netherlands  Steam  Naviga- 
tion Company 

j            2, 030 

Total 

2,  395,  436 

^  7,077,477 

I    3, 157,  404 

14, 891, 808 

:    1,131,559 

7,  819,  045 

Increase  compared  with  last 
fiscal  year 

317, 096 

1,243,657 

1        417, 864 

2, 048, 428 

1          74,019 

1,  0S9, 505 

REPORT    OF    THE    PORTMASTER-GENERAL.  989 

No.  17. —  Weight  of  letters,  neiospapers,  ^c. — Continued. 


SteamsLip  lines. 

Portugal. 

Sweden. 

1 

j              Norway. 

Letters. 

Papers,  die. 

Letters. 

Papers,  etc 

1    Letters. 

Papers,  &c 

Grams, 

21,775 
33,064 

47.76C 

7.200 

5,798 

22,970 

360 

Grama. 

i:),580 
71,529 

39, 276 

11,420 

.<■.,  835 

52, 405 

420 

Gram*. 
1,018.890 
22,620 

2, 940, 130 

2,371,210 

3, 852,  330 
60,970 
185,900 

Gram*. 
1,301,844 
14,940 

6,  725,  024 

3,490,880 

8, 057,  563 
180. 740 
574,040 

Gram*. 

461.415 
119,  <j90 

1,  573,  WO 
1,135.700 

2,  082, 073 

87.850 
38,470 

Gram*. 

674  fC 

Wliite  Star 

117  VJy 

Liverpool  and  Great  Weet- 

eni  Steam  Company 

Hambiirg-American  i»acket 

2,Dll,5tO 

1, 646, 401 

3, 219, 053 
160.560 
52,090 

Xorth    German    Lloyd    of 

American  Steamship  Com- 

.. 

I 

lied  i>tar i 

French j 

.. 

Netherlands  Steam  Naviga- 
tion Company .....1 

1 

1 

1                      '              

Total 

138,933 

196,465 

10, 452, 055 

20,345,031 

5,497,640 

8,991.296 

Increase  rompared  with  last 

3, 072, 805 

9, 163, 071 

1,545,250 

3.«n,70« 

Steamship  lines. 

Austria. 

Turkey. 

Letters. 

Papers,  &0. 

Letters. 

Papers,  &c 

Gramt. 
280,860 
63,  835 
618, 275 
437,710 
830,  6l'U 
:>A,  490 
41,000 

Gramx. 

Wl,7i« 

93,  9li4 

1.67J,497 

1, 19».940 

2,  r>8»;,  '.c'l 

VS2.  VA 
187, 440 

Gram*. 

Iv  VV, 
ir,.  -.-.n 

Oram*. 

703  'tTO 

1    li'i    .It 

Liverpool  and  Great  Westen 
IlarabnTjt-American  Packet  ( 
Korth  German  Lloyd  of  Brei 

1  Steam  Com 

pany 

--  :   T.Mi 

,      , 

63  ''■'0 

American  Steamship  Conipa 
]t«-d  Star        

1 

i 

1 

...... ......|..... 

Netherlands  Steam  Navigati 

on  Company 





2,330,799 

6, 499.  955 

2lt.-|,  2.'vO 

4  121  294 

fiscal  year. . 



Increase  compared  with  last 

250,850 

8,406,014 

R 

ECAPITUI 

.ATION. 

Countr 

es. 

Letters. 

Paper^&c. 

Gramt. 

80.11.1,747 
4«>.  070.  131 
11.  Ui.\6lil 
fi.  08.'..  348 

1.  253.  407 

2,  450,  920 
a,  :H».\  4.16 
3. 157. 404 
1,131.  MO 

138.n3.'« 
10,  4.V.'.  0,-..-, 
\  497,  (40 
2.  :t.'«l,  7l»9 

29:..  iM 

Oram*. 

363  249  886 

i.^ii  7:m  .sno 

.12,  2.H,  902 

24,  :*:>;  o,:, 

\\              -v-""' 

3 

14   - 

'  , 

20, 

8  : 

6.  j 

4  I'l   '"H 

i:i.4;m..i2o 

670.  .'.Ort.  104 

Increaao  compnrcd  with  last 

fiscal  year.. 

118,484.341 

990 


REPORT    OF   THE    POSTMASTER-GENERAL. 


j^o,  IS. —  Weight  of  letters,  newspapers,  <f  c,  sent  from  the  United  Slates  to  countries  and  col- 
onics (other  than  European)  of  the  Universal  Postal  Union  during  the  fiscal  year  ended 
June  30,  1882. 


Countries. 


Letters. 


Kewspapers, 

&.C. 


Cuba  and  Porto  Eico 

Mexico 

Unitwl  States  of  Colombia 

Japan  

Hong-Kong 

Brazil ■ 

Sandwich  Islands 

Shanghai 

Jamaica 

Bermada 

Chili 

Peru 

Newfoundland 

Hayti 

St.  Thomas 

Venezuela........ 

Honduras ~ 

Curacoa 

Trinidad 

Salvador — 

Bahamas - 

Ecuador - 

Guatemala 

Argentine  Ecpublic ... 

Saint  Domingo 


Uruguay 

Windward  Islands . 


Manila. 

Turk's  Island 

St.  Pierre  and  Miquelon 

Nicaragua 

Martinique  and  Guadeloupe. 

Singapore 

Java 

New  Caledonia... 

Saigon 

Paraguay 


Total. 


Grams. 

4,773,161 

2,  698, 199 

1, 138,  280 

1,  OOB,  935 

746, 485 

744,  443 

588,  655 

507,  725 

428,  525 

400,  690 

311,  340 

308,  590 

303,  266 

302,  960 

271,  506 

258,  330 

396,900 

178, 170 

154,  460 

154, 430 

IM,  192 

154,  045 

149, 125 

129,  326 

86,  480 

61,  278 

59,  680 

42, 255 

34,  965 

31,010 

14, 965 

17,  870 

9,910 

5,830 

4,215 

1,695 

365 


16, 430,  256 


Increase  compared  with  last  fiscal  year 


4, 660, 080 


Cframs. 
27, 299, 796 
27, 177, 273 
10,  865,  319 
12, 452, 520 

3,  095, 860 
6,  578, 818 
6,  608,  390 

4,  740, 150 
3, 293, 360 

2,  817, 600 
4, 595, 375 

5,  406,  303 

3,  032, 636 
3,  373, 500 
3, 161,  050 
1, 702,  900 
1,  724, 393 

734, 034 
1,  051, 070 
1, 458, 469 

1,  434, 947 
1, 247,  550 

2,  292, 445 
1,  517, 288 
1,  071, 260 

466,  352 

604, 180 

108, 670 

327,  900 

294, 725 

174, 930 

119, 734 

104,  250 

21,450 

68,670 

7,170 

2,620 


141,  032, 957 


53, 402, 387 


No.  19. — Nkimier  of  letters  exchanged  ietweenthe  United  States  and  non-postal  union  countries 
during  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1882. 


Countries. 


Shanghai,  China 

Panama,  Central  America,  &;c 
New  Zealand,  Australia,  &c  . . 

Guatemala 

British  Columbia 

Nova  Scotia 


Total 

Decrease  compared  with  last  fiscal  year . 


Received. 


Letters. 

21,  397 

40,  744 

9,718 

1,804 


147, 388 


Sent. 


Lettert. 
48, 150 
23,216 


17, 271 
6.532 


95,169 


338,996 


All  of  which  is  respectfully  submitted. 


Hon.  T.  O.  Howe, 

Postmaster-  General, 


J.  H.  ELA, 

Auditor. 


REPORT 

OF   THE 

COMMISSIONER  OF  AGRICULTURE, 


DEPAKTilENT  OF  AGRICULTURE, 

WasJiuujton,  B.  C,  November  20,  1882. 
To  the  President: 

I  respectliilly  submit  the  annual  report  of  the  Department  of  Agri- 
culture for  the  year  1882. 

During  the  past  season  the  work  of  the  department  has  been  vigor- 
ously prosecuted  on  the  line  laid  down  in  m^'  coinmunicatiou  of  Xovem- 
ber  25, 1881.  I  have  made  personal  investigation  of  the  condition  of 
farming  in  most  of  the  great  agricultural  States  of  the  Union,  and  have 
been  deeply  imi)ressed  by  the  energy  and  skill  with  which  the  industry 
is  conducted  and  the  manifest  success  which  attends  it,  as  evinced  by 
the  prosperous  appearance  of  the  lands  and  homesteads  of  the  people. 
I  have  visited  as  many  of  the  agricultural  colleges  as  possible,  and  have 
endeavored  to  impress  upon  these  institutions  the  desire  of  the  depart- 
ment to  co-operate  with  them  in  their  efforts  to  dittuso  sound  practical 
information  throughout  the  country  for  the  benetit  of  those  who  are  en- 
gaged in  conducting  our  great  industrial  enterprises  and  developing 
the  enormous  wealth  of  our  resources.  And  whenever  an  object  of  im- 
portance connected  with  the  industry  which  this  department  represents 
has  presented  itself,  I  have  employed  competent  investigators  to  explore 
and  report.  The  liberally  iucreat^ed  appropriations  made  at  the  last 
session  of  Congress  for  the  benefit  of  the  department  have  been  used  in 
such  a  manner  as  seemed  most  i>romotive  of  the  objects  which  that  body 
liiul  in  view,  and  the  cx[)enditiireK  have  been  contined  strictly  to  the 
divisions  and  work  for  wliich  the  appropriations  were  specitically  made. 
Provision  has  been  made  for  the  care  and  protection  of  the  valuable 
collections  of  minerals,  ores,  woods,  and  agricult  ural  i)rotlucts  presented 
to  the  department  by  the  exhibitors  at  the  Atlanta  Exposition  of  1881, 
and  in  a  temporary  and  convenient  building  on  the  grounds  of  the  de- 
partment these  collections  have  been  admirably  arranged  for  easy  access 
by  those  who  desire  to  witness  the  i)roducing  capacity  of  those  sections 
of  our  country  which  have  furnished  the  exhibits. 

A  new  building  is  nearly  completed  for  the  storing  and  distributing 
of  the  large  amount  of  seed  now  provided  by  Congress. 

991 


992  REPORT    OF    THE    COMMISSIONER    OP    AGRICULTURE. 

The  success  wliicli  attended  the  conventions  held  at  the  department 
in  January,  1882,  has  induced  me  to  call  others  in  Januarj^,  1883,  to 
which  representatives  of  the  agricultural  colleges  and  societies  have 
been  called  together  for  the  purpose  of  discussing  the  most  important 
points  relating  to  agricultural  education,  the  animal  industry  of  the 
United  States,  and  the  cotton  industry. 

I  have  received  through  the  State  Department  a  communication  from 
Hamburg,  requesting  this  country  to  unite  with  the  great  agricultural 
nations  of  Europe  in  an  exhibition  of  domestic  animals,  and  the  various 
methods  of  feeding  and  plans  for  shelter,  in  July,  1883,  which  I  trust 
will  receive  the  consideration  of  Congress. 

DIVISION  OF  aARDENS  AND   GROUNDS. 

The  number  of  plants  distributed  since  my  last  report  amounts  to 
about  70,000.  The  seeming  falling  off  in  numbers  from  those  of  recent 
years  is  due  to  the  reduction  of  the  number  of  tea  plants,  that  distribu- 
tion being  partly  met  with  plants  from  the  tea  nursery  in  South  Caro- 
lina. Compared  with  the  amount  of  appropriation  available  for  this 
particular  work,  the  number  of  plants  propagated  is  large;  and  as  they 
are  mainly  packed  so  as  to  be  sent  through  the  mail,  a  considerable 
amount  of  labor  is  required.  About  4,500  packages,  averaging  15  plants 
to  each  package,  necessarily  involves  much  manipulation  in  their  prepar- 
ation for  the  post-ofifice. 

Attention  is  again  directed  to  the  necessity  of  establishing  branches 
of  this  division  in  semi-tropical  climates  for  the  more  extensive  propa- 
gation of  semi-tropical  plants.  The  demands  of  the  country  for  plants 
of  this  character  for  the  purposes  of  experimentation  are  constant  and 
persistent,  and  as  the  department  is  at  present  situated  in  regard  to 
facilities  and  encouragement  in  the  propagation  of  such  plants,  but 
little  of  essential  value  can  be  done. 

The  distribution  of  economic  plants  is  prosecuted  to  as  great  an  ex- 
tent as  the  capabilities  and  appropriations  for  this  particular  purpose 
will  admit.  Efforts  towards  the  introduction  of  the  tea  plant  are 
vigorously  maintained.  The  tea  plantation  instituted  in  the  spring  of 
1881  is  progressing  favorably.  Several  acres  have  been  planted  and 
the  plants  are  making  a  satisfactory  growth,  so  that  in  the  course  of  a 
few  years  they  will  be  in  good  condition  to  fairly  test  the  question  of 
profitable  manufacture,  which  is,  in  fact,  the  only  point  now  awaiting 
consummation,  the  question  of  the  adaptability  of  climate  to  the  mere 
growth  of  the  plant  having  long  been  favorably  determined. 

BOTANICAL,  DIVISION. 

The  work  of  the  botanical  division  has  been  steadily  pursued  through- 
out the  year.  Good  progress  has  been  made  in  preparing  and  mounting 
specimens  and  incorporating  them  in  their  proper  places  in  the  herb- 


REPORT   OF   THE   COMillSSIONER   OP   AGRICULTURE.  993 

ariura,  thereby  rendering  available  for  study  and  consultation  a  large 
number  of  new  specimens. 

The  collection  has  been  largely  increased  during  the  past  year  by  the 
purchase  of  plants  from  Florida,  Arizona,  ^ew  Mexico,  Texas,  and  the 
Pacific  slope,  and  a  few  from  other  points.  Several  packages  of  xVrctic 
plants  have  been  received  through  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  and 
numerous  small  packages  from  various  persons,  part  as  donations,  part 
as  exchanges. 

Packages  of  plants  have  been  sent  out  to  individuals  as  exclianges, 
also  to  persons  making  a  special  study  of  some  order  of  plants,  and  to 
institutions  of  learning.  The  work  of  describing  and  illustrating  our 
native  grasses  for  the  annual  report  has  been  continued,  preference 
having  been  given  to  those  species  concerning  which  special  inquiries 
have  been  made  during  the  year  by  agriculturists  and  stock-raisers. 

Circulars  making  inquiries  concerning  the  various  species  of  grass 
relied  upon  for  hay  and  grazing  were  sent  to  the  Southern  States,  to  the 
Pacific  slope,  and  to  the  Territories.  Much  valuable  information  was 
obtained,  a  digest  of  whi('h  is  given  in  the  annual  report. 

MICROSCOnCAL  DIVISION. 

During  the  past  year  the  work  of  the  division  has  been  of  the  usual 
varied  character.  Many  microscoi)ical  examinations  have  been  made 
of  breadstuffs,  milk,  butter,  chee.se,  sugar,  glucose,  oleomargarine,  food 
oils,  lard,  vegetable  fats,  &c.,  and  in  some  instances  new  methods  dis- 
covered for  the  detection  of  artificial  impurities  in  them. 

Investigations  have  been  instituted  to  discover,  if  possible,  the  pri- 
mary cause  of  what  is  known  as  pear-tree  blight,  so  destructive  to  the 
interest  of  orchardists  in  the  Northwest,  where  sometimes  a  thousand 
valuable  pear  trees  are  destroyed  by  this  disease  in  a  single  orchard  in 
a  season.  A  large  collection  of  microsco])ic  sections  have  been  made 
and  mounted  to  illustrate  the  distinctive  peculiarities  of  different  species 
of  oaks.  These  investigations  have  a  special  commercial  and  botanical 
value. 

The  microscopist  has  also  made  investigation  for  several  divisions  of 
the  department,  and  in  some  instances  for  the  general  government. 
OorrespomUMRV.  has  also  been  k,ept  up  with  eminent  Euroi)ean  micro 
scopists  as  well  as  those  of  the  United  States,  and  specimens  having 
relation  to  the  work  of  this  division  exchanged. 

CnEJIICAL    DIVISION. 

The  work  of  the  chemical  division  has  been  devoted  largely  to  investi- 
gating the  sugar-producing  (lualitie.s  of  sorghum,  boots,  and  other  plants, 
as  provided  for  by  Congress.  Tlu^  analyses  of  last  year  have  becij  ro- 
Ijcated,  and  many  varieties  of  sorghum  raised  on  the  grounds  of  llie 
department  have  been  subjected  to  careful  laboratory  examination. 
G3  Ab 


994  REPORT    OF    THE    COMMISSIONER   OF   AGRICULTURE. 

Tho  laboratory  work  of  1882  will  be  necessarily  extended  beyond  the 
time  fixed  for  the  issue  of  tho  forthcoming  volume,  and  must  therefore 
beretainodfora  future  publication.  Tliirty-livcncw  varieties  of  Korghura 
from  Natal,  India,  and  China  have  been  subjected  to  daily  examination, 
and  I  am  informed  by  the  chemist  of  the  department  that  preparation 
is  made  for  analyses  of  nineteen  varieties  of  bagasse,  four  varieties  of 
leaves,  twelve  varieties  of  juices,  twenty-five  varieties  of  sirups  from 
sorghum,  together  with  three  hundred  and  fifteen  vegetables,  fifty  speci- 
mens of  wheat,  and  twenty-five  of  soils,  during  the  immediate  future. 

Fifty-four  miscellaneous  analyses,  including  minerals,  spring  and  well 
waters,  peats,  soils,  cereals,  shales,  kaolins,  fertilizers,  tanning  materials, 
waste  products  of  glucose  manufactories,  marls,  &c.,  have  been  performed 
during  the  last  season,  and  several  hundred  determinations  of  water, 
nitrogen,  and  proximate  principles  have  already  been  made  on  the  veg- 
etable samples  enumerated,  and  an  increasing  amount  of  correspondence 
has  received  constant  attention. 

At  the  request  of  the  chemist  of  the  department,  I  submitted  the  sor- 
ghum analyses  and  work  of  his  division  to  the  National  Academy  of 
Sciences  on  the  30th  of  January  last  for  investigation  by  that  body.  A 
committee  appointed  for  that  purpose  entered  upon  their  work  with 
great  zeal  and  energy,  and  their  report,  which  was  laid  before  me,  was, 
on  July  21,  withdrawn  formally  by  the  secretary  of  the  academy,  "for 
such  action  as  the  academy  may  deem  necessary."  On  the  loth  of  No- 
vember current,  the  president  of  the  academy  presented  to  me  the  final 
report  of  that  institution,  a  long  and  elaborate  document,  containing  a 
review  of  the  history  of  the  sorghum  industry  for  twenty-five  years,  a 
statement  of  the  scientific  investigations  made  in  this  country  and  in 
Europe  into  the  quality  of  sorghum  and  maize  as  sugar-producing  plants, 
a  careful  examination  of  the  chemical  work  of  the  department,  a  large 
volume  of  testimony  received  from  sugar  manufacturers,  and  certain 
suggestions  with  regard  to  future  investigations  and  the  work  of  the 
department.  This  report  is  evidently  the  result  of  infinite  care,  and 
has  been  subjected  to  careful  revision,  and  I  trust  it  will  be  found  a 
valuable  text-book  for  those  engaged  in  the  sorghum  sugar  industry.  As 
a  review  of  the  successes  and  failures  which  have  attended  this  industry, 
it  is  invaluable.  As  a  guide  to  those  who  are  engaged  in  it,  it  contains 
all  the  important  results  that  have  thus  far  been  obtained  by  the  chemist 
in  his  laboratory  and  the  manufacturer  in  his  mill.  This  report,  together 
with  a  most  voluminous  appendix,  making  an  interesting  mass  of  matter 
far  too  large  to  be  inclosed  in  the  annual  volume  of  the  department  for 
this  year,  will  be  issued  at  an  early  day  as  a  special  publication. 

The  business  of  manufacturing  sugar  from  sorghum  at  the  depart- 
ment having  failed  in  1881,  and  having  furnished  discouragement  rather 
than  information  to  those  engaged  in  it,  I  have  called  upon  the  sorghum 
manufacturers  themselves  for  such  information  as  they  could  furnish  in 
an  accurate  manner,  for  the  benefit  of  the  industry  they  represent.    I 


REPORT   OP  THE   COMl^HSSIONER   OP   AGRICULTITRE.         995 

have  also  made  the  same  request  of  the  manufacturers  of  sugar  from 
beets.  I  have  received  assurances  from  nearly  a  hundred  manufacturers 
that  they  will  contribute  to  this  work,  and  I  feel  confident  that  I  shall 
in  this  way  receive  a  great  amount  of  valuable  information. 

I  have  endeavored  from  the  beginning  of  my  connection  with  the 
department  so  to  conduct  the  work  performed  here  as  a  part  of  that 
interesting  investigation  into  the  value  of  sorghum  now  going  on  in  the 
Held  of  the  farmer,  and  the  mill  of  the  manufacturer,  and  the  laboratory 
of  the  chemist,  as  to  secure  for  what  ai)pcars  to  be  a  growing  industry 
all  the  information  which  unprejudiced  science  and  the  best  practical 
skill  can  provide;  and  I  trust  the  knowledge  I  have  gathered  will,  when 
published,  be  found  to  be  of  value. 

ENTOMOLOGICAL  DIVISION. 

The  work  of  the  entomological  division  has  progressed  satisfactorily 
during  the  year.  The  report  of  the  entomologist  includes  observations 
on  many  insects  that  have  attracted  attention  during  the  year,  while 
special  study  has  been  given  to  those  affecting  the  principal  staples. 
Yet  the  observations  on  these  form  but  a  small  part  of  the  work  of  the 
division,  since  unpublished  notes  of  observations  and  experiments  have 
been  made  on  590  different  species  more  or  less  injurious,  antl  about 
which  little  or  nothing  was  hitherto  known,  while  many  additions  have 
been  made  to  our  knowledge  of  the  habits  of  sjiecies  that  had  previ- 
ously been  but  partly  studied. 

The  chief  staples  have  during  the  year  suffered  comparatively  little, 
as  a  rule,  from  destructive  insects.  Yet  many  serious  complaints  have 
come  from  several  sections,  and  the  entomologist  has  given  particular 
attention  to  such,  visiting  the  localities  that  suffered  either  personally 
or  by  proxy. 

The  aggregate  damage  done  to  our  products  by  injurious  insects  is 
enormous,  and  few  fields  of  inquiry  promise  more  substantial  and  prac- 
tical results  than  systematic  and  intelligent  investigation  into  the  habits 
of  these  tiny  marauders,  and  the  best  means  of  counteracting  their 
ravages.  As  an  evidence  of  the  interest  in  and  appreciation  of  the 
work  which  the  department  is  doing  in  this  field,  some  2,500  letters  of 
inquiry  have  been  received  during  the  year,  most  of  them  requiring 
full  replies.  This  correspondence  consumes  a  large  share  of  the  time 
of  the  entomologist  and  his  assistants. 

The  United  States  Entomological  Commission  has  ended  its  field 
work  and  has  well-nigh  completed  its  office  work.  The  third  report  of 
the  Commission  has  been  finished  and  placed  in  the  printer's  hands, 
and  the  fourth,  which  is  a  revised  edition  of  Dr.  Kiley's  report  on  the 
cotton  worm,  has  been  delayed  so  as  to  include  the  practical  results  ob- 
tained during  the  present  year.  The  fifth,  which  is  a  revised  edition  of 
Dr.  Packard's  report  on  the  insects  affecting  forest  trees,  is  in  course  of 
preparation. 


996  KEPORT   OF   THli   COMMISSIONER   OF   AGRICULTURE. 

In  addition  to  the  above  documents  several  bulletins  on  important 
insects  are  being  prepared,  as  also  a  bibliography  of  economic  ento- 
mology, and  a  special  report  on  the  insect  diseases  affecting  the  orange. 
Special  agents  under  the  direction  of  the  entomologist  have  been  en- 
gaged in  several  widely  separated  parts  of  the  country  making  ob- 
servations and  experiments  on  species  afl'ecting  the  orange  and  the 
cotton  interests ;  while  a  party  has  explored  the  northwest  regions  of 
the  United  States  and  British  America  with  a  view  of  obtaining  data 
in  reference  to  that  scourge  of  the  West,  the  Eocky  Mountain  locust. 

The  course  of  exploration  was  through  Dakota  and  Montana  to  Fort 
McLeod  and  back  down  the  South  Saskatchewan  via.  Winnepeg — the 
object  being  to  depart  from  beaten  routes  and  to  make  excursions,  by 
the  way,  into  the  great  plains.  The  results  of  the  journey  warrant  the 
conclusion  that  the  destructive  insect  is  yet  in  altogether  insufficient 
numbers  in  these,  its  native  haunts,  to  threaten  any  serious  migrations 
or  injury  to  crops  in  the  more  fertile  States  to  the  southeast. 

Dr.  Kiley  has  for  some  years  past  made  it  a  point  to  endeavor  to 
collect  such  data  as  would  warrant  anticipation  of  locust  injury  or  im- 
munity, and  the  anticipations,  as  set  forth  on  repeated  occasions,  have 
been  verified  in  a  remarkable  degree. 

The  farmers  of  the  West  have,  therefore,  so  far  as  the  data  obtained 
warrant  an  opinion,  the  pleasing  assurance  that  their  crops  will  not 
be  ravaged  by  locusts  in  1883. 

The  army  worm  appeared  in  injurious  numbers  in  several  of  the 
Atlantic  States,  and  its  advent  the  present  year  was  also  anticipated 
by  the  entomologist,  who  endeavored,  through  the  columns  of  the  agri- 
cultural press,  to  prepare  farmers  for  the  visitation.  In  like  manner 
timely  information  in  reference  to  the  cotton  worm  was  disseminated 
among  the  planters  of  the  overflowed  districts  of  the  Mississippi  Valley 
in  anticipation  of  possible  injury,  and  the  subsequent  immunity  from 
injury  was  no  doubt  largely  due  to  the  preparation  for  meeting  the  evil 
in  its  incipiency  which  planters  in  consequence  made.  Important  im- 
provements in  the  machinery  used  in  poisoning  this  insect  have  been 
made,  and  the  interesting  and  mooted  question  as  to  whether  or  not 
the  parent  of  the  worm  survives  throughout  the  year  within  the  limits 
of  the  United  States  has  been  definitely  settled  in  the  affirmative. 

Among  other  subjects  worthy  of  mention  in  connection  with  the  ento- 
mological division  is  the  introduction  and  cultivation  of  the  pyrethrums, 
which  are  known  to  have  such  great  value  as  insect  destroyers,  and  the 
l^owder  from  which  is  variously  sold  under  the  names  of  "  Persian  In- 
sect Powder,"  "Buhach,"&c.  The  entomologist  has  ascertained  by 
experiment  that  preparations  of  this  plant  may  be  used  successfully  in 
the  field  against  several  of  our  worst  insect  pests,  and  its  cultivation 
over  as  wide  an  area  as  possible  is,  consequently,  most  desirable.  A 
circular  giving  information  about  the  two  species  havingthis  virtue  was 
accordingly  sent  out,  with  seed  that  had  been  imported  from  Russia  and 


1U::P<>KT    of    TUE    (  OMMiabluNEK    « "F    AGKlOULTUltK. 


•JOT 


the  Caucasus.  The  experience  so  far  had  by  the  lecipionlH  of  the  seed 
is,  ou  the  ^vhole,  most  eiicouraj^inji',  as  is  also  that  had  at  Washington, 
where  phmts  of  both  species,  j^rowii  from  seed  sown  in  tlie  fall  of  1880 
and  spring  of  1881,  flowered  profusely  and  gave  a  XK)wder  equal  in  its 
iiispctici«le  qualities  to  any  previously  tested. 

DISTRIBUTION   OK  SEEDS. 

'J'ahulaled  atalement  showing  the  quantity  and  Kind  of  aeedti  ixmied  from  the  need  diiiitiitn, 
Department  of  Agriculture,  undir  special  appropriation  act  of  Congren^  pai^scd  April  11, 
1382,  of  S-20,000 /or  the  flooded  diatricta  south. 

DESCRIPTION  OF   SKEDS. 

I 'ac  Wages. 

VogetabK'S 414,6^ 

Field  corn 48,  C44 

Field  pease 2G,957 

Field  beans :?,9C4 

Field  niillct 14,348 

Field  cotton If/J 


Grand  total 508,953 


RECAPITULATE. 

Senators  and  Members  of  Congress 1, 058, 479 

State  agricultural  societies 7,588 

Statistical  correspondents 269,177 

Special  appropriation 508, 958 

Miscellaneous  applicants 552,274 


Grand  totals 2,396,476 

Tabulated  statement  showing  the  quaiilitij  and  kind  of  seeds  ixsued  from  the  sctd  division, 
Department  of  Agriculture,  under  the  gcnaal  and  special  appropriation  acts  of  Congress 
from  Juhj  1,  1881,  to  June  30,  1882,  inclusive. 


BeHoription  of  seeds. 


Vegetables ... 

I'lowers 

Uerb.s 

Tobacco 

Tree 

Sn&flowor  — 
Opium  poppy . 
I'jTethmm . . . 
drape  vino... 
Strawberry... 

Tea  seed 

Coffco 


107 
8G 
15 
7 
3 
1 
1 
1 


Paekagt*. 

719. 85& 

7.1.  027 


62,447 
381 


3l 


Si 

a 

V 

■a 

3 


H 

V 


Paekagtt.  Pafkagu.  •  Paekagts. 

I    I50.M3  I    4U,8M 

3,  aw   

4    , 


10. 24« 

14,029 

51 


KIS 

1S0 

90 

0 


9  9 


a 

Paekagtt. 

300,030 

100.406 

212 

10,9:13 

:m 

ICC 
48 
2.017 
678 
800 


2 
O 

Paekagft. 

1,6S1,704 

170.4r.-J 

2in 

83,21.-. 

1,07:. 

256 

64 

2.017 

10,924 

14,805 

54 

439 


998 


REPORT   OF   THE   COMMISSIONER   OP   AGRICULTURE. 


TahuJated  statement  showing  the  qnantit}i  and  kind  of  seeds  issued  from  the  seed  division, 

Department  of  Agriculture — Coutiuued.  \ 


Description  of  seeds. 


FIELD  SEEDS. 


"WTieat 

Oats 

Com 

SArley 

Bnckwheat 

Eye — 

Sorghnm ^.... 

Sugar-beet 

Mangel  warzel 

Grass 

Clover 

Cow-pea , 

Bichardsonia  scabra  . . 

Borage 

Millet 

Bice 

Turnips,  special  issue  . 
Beans,  special  issue  ... 
Pease,  special  issue — 


TEXTILE. 

Cotton 

Hemp 

Flax^ , 

Jute 

Katnie 

Grand  total  . 


Packages. 

52,  847 

40,  C84 

19,  081 

29 

3,503 

32 

2,377 


5C2 
279 


35,  700 


20,  257 


Packages. 

C,  084 
1,408 


24 


54 


1,  058,  479 


Packages. 
33, 232 
12,  619 
15,  230 


5,162 

10,274 

692 

85 

39 

997 

139 

67 

16 


2 
35, 000 


230 


Packages. 


48,644 


14,348 


3,964 
26,  957 


Packages. 

5,788 

20,  563 

9,942 

366 

4,715 

659 

3,503 

1,410 

66 

2,883 

828 

133 

43 

5 

2 

46 


10, 103 

46 

12 

228 

10 


7, 588       269, 177  I     508,  958       552, 274 


Packages. 

97,951 

75, 274 

92,897 

395 

13,  380 
10,965 

6,572 

1,501 

105 

4,506 

1,254 

200 

59 

13 

14,  350 

43 

70, 700 

3,964 

26. 957 


30,773 

46 

12 

303 

10 


2,  396, 476 


DISEASES    OF    DOMESTIC  ANIMALS.— WORK    OF    THE  VETERINARY  DI- 
VISION. 

The  failure  of  the  corn  and  hay  crops  last  year  resulted  in  the  loss, 
during  the  following  winter  months,  of  large  numbers  of  farm  animals. 
Since  the  opening  of  spring  and  the  reappearance  of  grass,  however,  the 
past  season  has  been  an  exceptionally  favorable  one  for  all  classes  of 
domestic  animals.  If  we  except  Texas  fever  of  cattle,  no  widespread 
epidemic  has  prevailed  among  any  class,  and  the  aggregate  loss  from 
disease  will  be  less  than  in  many  former  years. 

Contagious  pleiiro-pneumonia  still  prevails  among  cattle  in  the  States 
heretofore  infected,  but  the  area  of  the  infected  territory  does  not  seem 
to  have  been  extended  during  the  year. 


REPORT    OF   THE    COMMISSIONER   OF    AGRICULTURE.  999 

An  outbreak  of  disease  occurred  iu  a  large  herd  of  cattle  in  Culpeper 
County,  Virginia,  iu  October  last.  It  was  thought  to  be  Texas  fever, 
and  Br.  IVIiller,  a  competent  veterinarian,  was  directed  by  the  depart- 
ment to  visit  the  locality  of  the  outbreak  and  aflord  such  relief  as  was 
in  his  power.  On  his  arrival  he  found  but  two  animals  remaining  on 
the  place,  and  they  were  reported  as  being  in  a  healthy  euudition. 

A  number  of  cattle  had  .died,  and  in  order  to  i)rotect  himsell"  from 
further  loss  the  owner  had  ship])ed  all  those  that  showed  no  evidences 
of  disease  to  the  Baltimore  cattle  market. 

From  all  the  information  the  inspector  of  the  department  was  able  to 
glean  respecting  the  symptoms  of  the  malady  and  pout  mortem  appear- 
ances of  the  animals,  he  was  led  to  believe  that  the  disease  was  conta- 
gious i)leuro-pneumoiiia,  or  lung  plague.  However,  as  he  saw  no  sick 
animals  and  had  no  opportunity  of  making  a  j^ost  mortem  examination 
himself,  the  identity  of  the  disease  must  remain  iu  doubt.  • 

A  number  of  both  acute  and  chronic  cases  of  lung  plague  were  fouud 
by  the  inspectors  of  the  department  during  their  examinations  of  the 
past  season  in  the  States  of  Kew  Jersey  and  Maryland.  In  the  early 
part  of  the  season  a  few  cases  were  reported  from  Pennsylvania,  caused 
by  the  importation  of  diseased  or  infected  cattle  from  Maryland. 

Texas  fever  of  cattle  prevailed  over  a  wider  extent  of  country  during 
the  season  just  closed  than  for  many  years.  But  few  of  the  northern  and 
border  States  escaped  its  ravages.  The  department  sent  members  of  the 
veterinary  corps  to  a  number  of  localities  in  Virginia,  West  Virgin  ia,  Ohio, 
Illinois,  and  Kansas,  where  the  disease  was  reported  as  prevailing  in  a 
most  destructive  form,  for  the  purpose  of  instituting  such  precautionary 
and  preventive  measures  as  would  most  quickly  supi)ress  the  malady  by 
preventing  its  further  extension.  In  addition  to  this  the  department 
issued  special  report  No.  50,  which  it  widely  distributed  among  the 
farmers  and  stock-raisers  where  southern  cattle  are  usually  grazed  dur- 
ing the  summer  and  fall  months.  This  monograph  coutained,  in  addi- 
tion to  the  report  of  Dr.  W.  B.  E.  Miller,  a  valuable  paper  from  the  pen  of 
Dr.  D.  E.  Salmon  on  the  best  means  for  controlling  the  contagion  by  the 
prevention  of  its  further  extension. 

In  addition  to  investigations  of  sporadic  outbroaks  of  disease  iu  widely 
separated  localities,  those  emi)loyed  by  the  veterinary  division  have  con- 
tinued the  investigation  of  fowl  (iholera,  swine  plague,  Texas  fever  ot 
cattle,  and  a  number  of  contagious  diseases  incident  to  sheep,  with  a 
view  to  determining  their  cause  and  the  discovery  of  a  remedy  or  pre- 
ventive for  the  same.  Dr.  Detmers  has  spent  the  greater  part  of  the 
year  in  Texas  in  the  study  of  the  i)eculiar  fever  whii^h  seems  to  have  its 
homo  in  the  bodies  of  cattle  raised  in  that  State,  and  of  some  of  the  more 
destructive  contagious  diseases  that  yearly  destroy  thousands  of  sheep 
in  the  extensive  ranges  of  the  South  and  Southwest.  The  experiments 
with  contagious  dise;uses  generally  are  of  a  very  delicate  nature,  an<l 
the  results  sought  necessarily  of  slow  attainment.    This  seems  especially 


1000       ItKPOKT   OF   Tin:    (.'O.MMHSIONEIl    Or    AGRICULTURE. 

I  ho  ca8c  with  Texas  lever  ul"  cattle,  but  as  the  end  sought  is  one  of  such 
^roat  import auee  to  the  I'liture  cattle  interests  of  the  couutry,  the  small 
sum  annually  expended  iu  efforts  to  discover  the  true  vii-us  of  the  mal- 
ady will  be  considered  of  no  consequence  in  comjiai-ison  to  the  great 
beiiolits  which  must  result  should  these  efforts  eventually  be  crowned 
with  success. 

While  ])r.  Salmon  lias  been  studying  the  nature  of  the  contagioiLS 
and  intxictious  diseases  which  are  so  fatal  to  the  various  species  of  live 
stock  in  the  different  parts  of  the  country,  in  order  that  we  may  know  ex- 
actly what  causes  them,  how  this  cause  is  distributed  from  place  to 
]>lace,  and  what  are  the  most  efficient  and  practical  means  of  destroying 
it,  he  has  had  another  and  equally  important  object  in  view. 

It  is  now  certain  that  with  most  of  these  diseases  the  living  animal 
may  be  brought  into  a  condition  to  completely  resist  the  effects  which 
^.sually  follow  exposure  to  the  virus;  that,  strange  as  it  may  appear, 
animals  may  be  rendered  i^erfectly  safe  though  they  are  exposed  on 
every  side  to  the  germs  of  our  most  fatal  diseases. 

From  the  first  he  has  been  endeavoring  to  perfect  the  means  of  ob- 
taining this  desirable  result,  and  although  the  investigation  has  been 
an  extremely  dilBcult  one,  some  very  satisfactory  discoveries  have  been 
made.  A  new  and  very  practical  method  of  lessening  the  effects  of  the 
most  virulent  virus  has  been  developed,  which  is  very  manageable  with 
chicken  cholera,  and  which  it  is  believed  is  applicable  to  other  diseases. 

Inoculation  with  such  attenuated  virus  is  only  followed  by  a  slight 
local  irritation,  and  when  this  subsides  the  individual  is  found  to  have 
acquired  a  very  complete  degree  of  insusceptibility.  As  soou  as  the 
details  concerning  this  are  worked  out  it  will  be  possible  to  furnish 
vaccine  from  the  department  with  which  the  farmer  in  different  parts 
of  the  country  can  protect  his  animals  from,  certainly,  a  number  of  the 
plagues  which  are  now  so  destructive,  and  it  is  hoped  that  this  will  be 
true  of  all  the  important  ones. 

The  experiments  with  Texas  or  Spanish  fever  of  cattle  seem  to  have 
demonstrated  very  conclusively  that  this  disease  may  be  successfully 
inoculated  by  using  material  obtainedfrom  the  spleen  of  sick  cattle.  A 
peculiar  micrococcus  has  been  found  in  this  material  and  cultivated  out- 
side of  the  body,  but  in  such  cultivations  it  loses  its  virulence.  Exper- 
iments will  soon  be  undertaken  to  learn  the  reason  of  this,  and  to  dis- 
cover, if  possible,  a  vaccine  that  will  protect  the  cattle  exposed  to 
infected  pastures.  The  investigations  of  the  year  have  shown  that  a 
large  part  of  the  State  of  Virginia  is  permanently  infected  with  this  dis- 
ease, and  that  cattle  from  this  district  are  as  dangerous  as  those  from 
Texas.  It  was  ignorance  of  this  fact  that  led  to  the  enormous  losses  of 
cattle  in  that  State  during  the  past  summer. 

The  extension  of  the  territory  permanently  infected  by  this  plague,  a 
fact  first  established  by  the  investigations  of  this  department,  has  been 
abundantly  contii-medj  the  border  line  of  the  dangerous  district  is  ad- 


REPORT    OF   THE    COMMISSIONER   ©F   AGRICULTURE.        1001 

vaucing  across  the  previously  liealtby  country  at  the  rate  of  from  outi 
to  four  miles  imjf  annum. 

Notwithstanding  the  importance  of  this  fact  the  people  most  directly 
interested  have  scarcely  suspected  it,  and  much  less  have  they  attempted 
any  effective  means  to  check  such  extension.  It  is  believed  that  the 
investigations  now  in  progress  will  clearly  outline  this  district  and  will 
furnish  sufficient  data  bearing  upon  other  points  of  the  question  to  en- 
able the  interested  States  to  make  intelligent  and  effective  laws  for 
holding  this  dangerous  plague  in  check  until  we  learn  sufficient  in  re- 
gard to  its  nature  to  enable  us  to  attempt  its  extermination  with  some 
hope  of  success. 

Wliat  has  been  discovered  by  the  investigation  of  this  disease  cannot 
fail  to  be  of  the  greatest  value,  not  only  to  the  affected  district  but  to 
the  country  at  large.  It  has  been  generally  supposed  that  the  only  cattle 
capable  ol  iatecting  northern  pastures  were  those  from  the  neighboi^ 
hood  of  our  South  Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts  from  South  Carolina  to 
Texas;  but  it  is  shown  that  this  dangerous  district  has  advanced  until 
it  includes  nearly  all  of  North  Carolina  east  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  and  has 
even  crossed  the  James  River  in  Virginia, 

It  has  never  heretofore  been  doubted  that  the  contagion  of  Texas 
fever  was  destroyed  by  frost  and  coidd  not  survive  the  winter  in  sections 
where  freezing  weather  occurred ;  but  it  is  now  demonstrated  that  this 
view  is  incorrect,  that  in  many  parts  of  the  infected  district  it  resist^; 
severe  winters,  and  that  as  it  advances  northward  this  power  of  resist- 
ance is  gradually  increased. 

These  extremely  important  facts  show  the  necessity  of  continuing'this 
mvestigation  until  we  have  acquired  the  means  of  controlling,  if  not  of 
exterminating,  the  contagious  diseases  which  are  on  the  increase  among 
our  animals,  and  which  threaten  to  destroy  the  great  advantage  which 
the  farmers  of  this  country  have  heretofore  enjoyed  in  the  live-stock 
industry.  Detailed  reports  of  the  results  of  the  work  undertaken  and 
prosecuted  during  the  year  will  be  submitted  hereafter. 

The  call  upon  the  department  for  veterinary  investigation,  during  the 
year  1882,  has  been  very  great.  The  sudden  and  unaccountable  out- 
break of  disease  among  domestic  animals  has  been  a  matter  of  great 
anxiety  in  many  portions  of  the  country.  As  the  number  of  our  cattle, 
horses,  sheep,  and  swine  increases,  the  outbreak  of  contagious  diseases 
also  increases.  The  annaal  disturbances,  moreover,  incident  to  the  work 
and  confinement  to  which  all  classes  of  animals  are  subjected,  which 
are  held  in  immediate  domestication,  also  increase  as  our  population 
grows  more  and  more  dense. 

To  meet  the  calls  which  this  state  of  affairs  creates,  I  kave  been 
obliged  to  dei)end  on  such  tempoi'ary  and  outside  service  as  I  could  ob- 
tain. The  absence  of  a  well-organized  veterinary  division  has  been 
severely  felt  in  the  department,  and  it  is  of  the  utmost  importance  that 
such  a  division  should  be  established,  in  which  all  investigations  can 


1002       BEPORT   OF   THE    COMMISSIONER    OF   AGRICULTURE. 

bediiTotedby  a  competent  bead,  and  on  which  the  owners  of  live  stock 
can  call  for  counsel  and  aid.  It  is  important  to  know  the  precise  extent 
of  existing  disease.  It  is  important  to  know  how  to  guard  against  the 
spread  of  contagion  and  how  to  provide  for  its  removal.  It  is  important 
to  know,  if  possible,  the  most  economical  remedies  for  disease,  and  how 
best  to  avoid  the  vast  annual  loss  of  animals  from  bad  treatment  and 
exi)osure.  It  is  important  also  to  ascertain,  by  the  most  careful  inves- 
tigation, the  breeds  best  adapted  to  different  localities  and  purposes  in 
our  country.  To  do  this  a  well-organized  division  of  veterinary  inquiry 
an<l  animal  industry  in  this  department  is  absolutely  necessary. 

DIVISION  OF  STATISTICS. 


The  division  of  statistics  has  pursued  its  general  and  special  lines  of 
effort,  during  the  year,  with  new  energy  and  persistence.  Following  a 
year  the  most  disastrous  to  j)roductiou  known  in  the  recent  history  of 
American  agriculture,  it  has  been  the  more  difficult  to  mark  accurately 
resulting  changes  in  area  and  production  of  the  present  season,  which 
has  been  one  of  extraordinary  character,  threatening  throughout  the 
planting  season  another  year  of  comparative  failure,  from  supersatura- 
tion  of  soils  and  river  overflows,  and  thenceforward  repairing  continu- 
ously the  early  loss  of  condition  by  seasonable  moisture  and  requisite 
sunshine,  with  little  deterioration  from  storm  or  flood,  drought  or  insect 
depredations. 

From  Maine  to  New  Jersey  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  an  exception  occurs 
in  the  prevalence  of  drought  through  the  months  of  July  and  August. 
The  unusual  lateness  of  kUling  frosts  crowned  the  record  of  the  season's 
favors  and  secured  a  medium  to  full  supply  of  all  the  various  crops  of 
the  farm. 

In  recent  years  the  aggregate  production  of  cereals  h:  -  reached  a 
maximum  of  about  2,700  millions  of  bushels  Last  year  it  fell  nearly 
to  2,000  millions.  The  present  crops,  with  s(  me  increase  of  area,  wiU 
make  nearly  2,700  millions.  It  is  too  early  for  the  complete  estimates 
of  the  year,  but  the  results  will  be  close  to  the  following  figures,  which 
are  given  in  connection  with  those  of  1881  and  the  census  results  for  the 
year  1879. 


• 

Department  of  Agriculture. 

Census. 

1882. 

1881. 

1879. 

Corn ^ 

Wheat •• 

Bushels. 

1,  635,  000,  000 

510,  001),  000 

470,  000,  000 

45,  000,  000 

20,  000,  000 

12,  000,  000 

Bushels. 

1, 194,  910,  000 

383,  2811,  090 

41C,  481,  000 

41,  IGl,  330 

20,  704,  950 

9, 486,  200 

Bmhtls. 

1,754,861,535 

459, 479.  .505 

407,  858, 999 

44,113,495 

19,  831,  595 

11  817  327 

Oats 

Barley 

Kye.'. 

Buckwheat 

2,  692,  000,  000 

2,  066,  029,  570 

2,  697,  960,  456 

REPORT  OF  THE  COMMISSIONER  OF  AGRICULTURE.   1003 

There  has  been  an  increase  of  corn  in  the  South,  but  in  Illinois  and 
Iowa  a  decline  from  the  census  crop  of  more  than  two  hundred  million 
bushels.  The  average  yield  per  acre  of  corn  will  be  nearly  25  bushels, 
about  two  bushels  less  than  an  average.  The  yield  of  wheat  will  be 
about  13i  bushels  per  acre,  or  1^  bushels  more  than  average.  The  prod- 
uct of  cotton  will  probably  equal  that  of  the  year  1880  (which  was  the 
largest  ever  made)  and  may  slightly  exceed  it,  ai)proximating  seven 
million  bales. 

A  plan  for  completing  and  perfecting  the  system  of  crop-reporting, 
for  which  appropriation  was  made  at  the  last  session  of  Congress,  has 
been  put  into  operation,  with  initiatory  results  which  ])romise  success. 
It  includes  the  appointment  of  State  statistical  agents,  each  at  the 
head  of  a  corps  of  reliable  and  judicious  correspondents,  who  make 
simultaneous  return,  on  the  first  of  each  month,  both  to  the  agent  and 
the  department.  The  agent  is  further  charged  with  any  special  inves- 
tigation that  may  from  time  to  time  be  required,  and  with  the  collection 
of  results  of  local  experiment,  and  any  valuable  facts  illustrating  the 
progress  of  agriculture. 

The  design  is,  by  establishing  a  permanent  system  of  efiicient  and 
prompt  collection  of  current  statistics,  to  be  able  to  present  instantly 
and  accurately  the  current  changes  in  crop  areas  and  conditions,  and 
in  production  of  breadstuffs,  meats,  industrial  products,  and  all  results 
of  agricultural  labor. 

In  obedience  to  requirement  of  Congress,  there  have  been  published, 
for  three  months  past,  statements  showing  the  through  rates  of  trans- 
portation by  railroad  and  steamboat  companies  on  all  the  principal 
routes,  including  the 'great  trunk  lines,  the  Pacific  roads,  and  the  north 
and  south  roads,  and  the  coast  lines  of  steamers  upon  the  principal  prod- 
ucts of  agriculture. 

The  local  rates  have  also  been  given  on  all  the  prominent  lines,  and 
special  freight  rates  have  also  been  given.  The  railroads  have  re- 
sponded with  satisfactory  promptness,  furnishing  freely  their  through 
and  local  tariffs,  freight  classifications,  routes,  and  connections,  and 
other  information  concerning  their  roads. 

It  has  been  found  necessary  to  establish  a  European  agency  for  col- 
lection of  statistics  showing  prospective  demand  for  American  products, 
especially  of  grain  and  meats,  for  the  information  of  farmers  of  the 
United  States.  This  agency  promises  great  efficacy  and  utility.  Its 
headquarters  is  established  at  the  office  of  the  consul-general  at  London. 

FORESTRY  DIVISION. 

A  report  from  the  forestry  division  was  laid  before  Congress  on  INfay 
12, 1882,  and  has  been  printed.  It  deals  with  the  care  of  forests  upon 
the  public  lands,  experiment  stations  for  forest  culture,  meteorological 
observations  with  the  view  of  determining  the  influence  of  forests  on 
climate,  the  statistics  of  forest  products  used  as  tanning  materials,  for- 


1004        UKi'OKT    OF    THE    CUMiUl>>«10NEK    OF    AGRIOULTL/'KE. 

ost  fims,  insect  ravagt\s,  experiuicuts  iu  tiiubtT  plautiug  upou  the  col- 
lege-farm, at  Lincoln,  Nebr.,  fbie«ts  iu  Europe,  and  the  expensive  and 
wasteful  use  of  timber  as  a  fencing  material.  A  report  has  also  been 
submitted  on  European  Bchools  of  forestry,  and  forestry  experiment 
stations.  Large  numbers  of  circulars  have  been  issued  asking  for  infor- 
mation with  regard  to  railroad  ties,  and  the  answers  returned  are  being 
examined  and  arranged.  Circulars  have  also  been  issued  inquiring  into 
tree-planting  in  the  prairie  States,  the  trees  selected,  and  the  method  of 
nianagement. 

The  Hon.  F.  P.  Baker,  of  Topeka,  Kans.,  has  also  been  employed  to 
investigate  the  condition  of  forests  in  the  prairie  States,  and  in  the  re- 
gion lying  west  of  the  Mississippi  and  east  of  the  Rocky  Mountains. 

This  preliminary  report  has  been  made,  and  contains  valuable  views 
upon  the  timber-culture  act,  the  possibility  of  forest  culture  in  the  far 
West,  with  a  sketch  of  what  has  been  done,  and  some  suggestions  as  to 
what  should  be  done.  Mr.  Baker  urges  the  absolute  necessity  of  imme- 
diate action  by  Congress  in  regard  to  the  timber-culture  act,  to  make  it 
efifective.  He  proposes  to  visit  the  regions  where  forest  fires  have  done 
so  much  damage  and  investigate  the  causes,  and  the  best  means  of  con- 
trolling them.  This  report  will  be  published  as  a  special,  and  laid  before 
Congress  at  an  early  day. 

ARTESIAN  WELLS. 

Li  accordance  with  suggestions  made  by  the  Commission  employed 
last  year  to  select  ijroper  locations  for  artesian  wells,  the  Hon.  Horace 
Beach  and  Professor  White,  two  of  those  Commissioners,  were  employed 
to  select  what  seemed  to  them  proper  places  for  boring  the  wells.  They 
have  located  a  well  112  miles  easterly  from  the  city  of  Denver,  upon  gov- 
ernment land,  near  the  station  of  Akron,  on  the  Burlington  and  Mis- 
souri Railroad,  in  Colorado.  A  second  well  has  been  located  177  miles 
southeasterly  from  Denver,  upon  government  land,  near  the  line  of  the 
station  of  Cheyenne  Mills,  on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad.  Each  loca- 
tion has  been  made  with  reference  to  the  probability  of  supplying  water 
to  good  lands,  and  so  as  to  be  useful,  if  successful,  for  irrigating  pur- 
poses and  the  watering  of  stock.  Agreements  have  been  made  for 
the  supply  of  water  for  engine  use  in  drilling,  with  the  railroads  alluded 
to,  free  of  charge.  The  sites  selected  have  been  withdrawn  from  entry 
under  homestead,  pre-emption,  and  timber  acts.    • 

Contracts  have  been  awarded  to  James  A.  Fleming  &  Co.,  of  Denver, 
Colo.,  for  the  sum  of  $14,000,  for  drilling  both  wells  to  the  depth  of 
2,500  feet  each,  if  required,  the  contractor  to  furnish  aU  the  materials 
necessary  to  do  the  work  and  to  pay  for  the  labor  employed.  The  wells 
are  divided  into  sections,  as  follows :  The  first  thousand  feet  and  the 
balance  of  the  2,500  feet  into  500  feet  sections,  the  Department  of  Agri- 
culture retiiining  the  right  to  stop  the  work  at  any  distance  below  1,000 
feet,  and  pay  pro  rata  for  the  distance  boi^d.  The  machinery  has  been 
placed  on  the  ground,  and  the  work  of  drilling  has  already  commenced. 


REPORT   OF   THE   COMMISSIONER  OF   AGRICULTURE.        1005 
WOOLS  AND  FEBERS. 

The  report  of  Dr.  McMnrtrie  on  wools  and  fibers  has  been  presented, 
and,  in  connection  with  a  paper  on  the  subject  prepared  by  Miss  Clara 
P.  Ames,  of  Boston,  and  forwarded  to  this  Department  by  Hon.  Edward 
Atkinson,  will  soon  be  published.  In  connection  with  the  examination 
of  the  fineness  of  fiber  a  careful  study  has  been  made  of  the  internal 
structure  of  the  fibers  of  pure  bred  and  grade  sheep  to  determine  the 
differences  arising-  from  breeding  and  management,  and  their  effect 
upon  the  strength,  elasticity,  and  felting  properties.  The  instruments 
for  testing  the  wool  fiber  have  been  greatly  improved,  and  tha  experi- 
ments entered  upon  by  this  division  of  the  department  are  of  great  in- 
terest. It  is  intended  that  the  testing  of  cotton  fiber  will  be  pursued 
in  the  same  manner. 

DEPARTMENTAX,  REPORTS. 

In  addition  to  the  annual  report  of  the  Department  for  the  year  1880 
and  1881,  of  which  300,000  copies  each  were  ordered  printed,  the  fol 
lowing  special  and  miscellaneous  reports  have  been  issued  since  July  1, 
1881: 

SPECIAL  REPOKTS. 

Xo.  of  copies  printcil. 
No.  34.  Contagiousdiscases  of  domestic  animals.    391pp.,  octavo.    Illustrated.  .')0, 000 

No.  37.  Condition  of  crops,  June  and  July,  1881.     24  pp.,  octavo 10,000 

No.  38.  Conditou  of  crops,  August,  1881.    24  pp.,  octavo 10,000 

No.39.  Condition  of  crops,  September,  1881.    30  pp 10,000 

No.  40.  Condition  aud  needs  of  spring-wheat  culture  in  the  Northwest.    By  C. 

C  Andrews.     100  pp.,  octavo 10,000 

No.  4J.  Estimated  production  of  cereals  of  the  United  States  for  the  year  1881. 

8  pp.,  octavo 10,000 

No.  42.  Report  on  the  condition  of  winter  grain,  number  and  condition  of  farm 

animals,  &c.,  April,  18d2.     62  pp. .octavo 10,000 

No.  43.  Report  on  tho  condition  of  winter  grain,  the  progroes  of  cotton  and 

corn  planting^  rate  of  wages  and  labor,  &c..  May,  1832.     20  pp.,  octavo 10,000 

No.  44.  Report  upoa  the  acreage  and  condition  of  cotton,  the  condition  of  all 

cereals,  and  the  area  of  spring  wheat,  &c.,  Juno,  1882.     14  pp.,  octavo 10,500 

No.  4.').  Report  upon  the  area  and  condition  of  corn,  the  condition  of  cotton, 

and  of  small  grains,  eorghnm,  tobacco,  &c.,  July,  1882.     33  pp ll.OlKt 

No.  4G.  Report  upon  the  condition  of  cotton,  of  spring  wheat,  fruits,  &c. ;  also 

freight  rates  of  transportation  companies,  August,  1882.     54  pp.,  octavo ll.OOfi 

No.  47.  Cliniato,  soil,   and  agricultural   capabilities  of  South  Carolina  and 

Georgia.     J?y  J.  C.  IFemphill.     G5  pp.,  1882,  octavo 10,000 

No.  48.  Silos  and  ensilage.    A  record  of  practical  tests  in  several  States  aud 

Canada,  1.S82.     70  pp.,  octavo 15  goi^i 

\o.  4'J.  Report  ujwn  the  condition  of  corn  and  cotton,  of  potatoes,  fruits,  «fcc.; 

also  freight  rates  of  transportation  companies,  September,  1882.    48  pp., 

octavo ." 11,000 

No.  50.  The  dissemination  of  Texas  fever  of  cattle,  and  how  to  control  it,  1882. 

14  pp.,  octavo 12,000 

No.  51.  Report  npon  the  yield  of  small  grain,  condition  of  com,  cotton,  potatoes, 

and  tobacco;  also  freight  rates  of  transportation  companies,  October,  1882. 

.^8pp.,  octavo 12,000 

No.  52.  Report  on  yield  per  acre  of  cotton,  com,  potatoes,  and  other  field  crops, 

^vith  comparative  product  of  fruits;  also  local  freight  rates  of  transportation 

companies,  November,  1882 11,000 


1006       REPORT   OF   THE    COMMISSIONER   OF   AGRICULTURE. 

MISCELLANEOUS  REPORTS. 

No.  of  copies  printed. 

Preliminary  Report,  Commissioner  of  Agriculture,  1881.    58  pp. ,  octavo 8, 000 

Fertilizers:  co-operative  experimenting  as  a  means  of  studying  the  oflfccts  of 
fertilizers  and  tbo  feeding  capacities  of  plants.    By  Prof.  W.  O.  Atwater, 

1882,  33pp.,  octavo 1,500 

Florida ;  its  climate,  soil,  productions,  and  agricultural  capabilities,  1882.   98 

pp 10,000 

Report  on  the  climatic  and  agricultural  featiires,  and  the  agricultural  practice 
and  needs  of  the  arid  regions  of  the  Pacific  slope,  «S:.c.,  1882.     By  E.  W.  Hil- 

gard,  T.  C.  Jones,  and  R.  W.  Furnace.    182  pp 2,500 

Proceedings  of  a  convention  of  agriculturists,  held  in  the  Department  of  Agri- 
culture, January  10  to  18,  1882.    204  pp.,  octavo 10,000 

Artesian  wells  upon  the  Great  Plains:  being  the  report  of  a  geological  com- 
mission appointed  to  examine  a  portion  of  the  great  plains  east  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains,  and  report  upon  the  localities  deemed  most  favorable  for  making 

experimental  borings,  1882 3,500 

In  addition  to  the  above,  there  has  also  been  prepared  the  following  reports,  which 
will  be  published  as  soon  as  the  necessary  funds  are  available : 
The  meat  question  analyzed.    By  Dr.  G.  Sprague,  Chicago,  111. 
Account  of  field  experiments  with  fertilizers.    By  Prof.  W.  O.  Atwater,  Ph.  D. 
Report  of  the  proceedings  of  the  convention  to  promote  the  sheep  and  wool  indus- 
try held  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  September  22, 23,  and  24, 1882. 

DISBURSING  OFFICE. 

The  following  table  exhibits  in  condensed  form  the  appropriations 
made  by  Cougress  for  this  department,  the  disbursements  and  unex- 
pended balances  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1882 : 


Title  of  appropriation. 


Salaries 

Collecting  statistics 

Laboratory 

Purchase  and  distribution  of  valuable  seeds 

Experiments  in  the  culture  of  tea 

Experimental  garden 

Museum 

Eumiture,  cases,  and  repairs 

Library  

Investigating  the  history  of  insects 

Examination  of  wools  and  other  animal  fibers 

InvostiKating  the  diseases  of  swine,  &;c 

Keclamation  of  arid  and  waste  lands 

Report  on  forestry 

Postage ,. 

Contingent  expenses 

Improvement  of  grounds 

Transporting,  &.C.,  agricoltural  and  mineral  specimens  from 

Atlanta,  Ga 

Purchase  and  distribution  of  seeds  to  overflowed  districts. 

•Experiments  in  the  manufacture  of  sugar 

Building  for  the  diaplay  of  agricultural  implementa 

Printing  and  binding 


Amotmt  ap- 
propriated. 


$79,  500  00 
10,  000  00 

6,  000  00 
80,  000  00 
10,  000  00 

7,  000  00 
1,  000  00 

4,  000  00 
1,  000  00 

20,  000  00 

5,  000  00 
25,  000  00 
10,  000  00 

5,  000  00 

4,  000  00 
10,  000  00 

8,  000  00 

5,  000  00 
20,  000  00 
35,  000  00 

10,  000  00 

11,  000  00 


Amount  dis- 
bui-sed. 


$79,  491  89 
10,  000  00 
5,811  85 
79,991  53 
8,  743  37 
6, 908  25 
1,  000  00 

4,  000  00 
973  85 

19,  998  94 

5,  000  00 
22,  443  89 
10,  000  00 

4,941  00 
4,  000  00 
10,  000  CO 
8,  000  00 

893  86 

20,  000  00 
32,  333  75 
10,  000  00 

9, 156  42 


Amount  un- 
expended. 


$8  11 


188  15 

8  47 

1, 256  63 

31,75 


26  15 
1  06 


2,556  11 


4, 106  14 


2, 666  25 
"i,'843'53 


*Thi9  appropriation  has  been  exhausted  since  the  close  of  the  last  fiscal  year. 

Very  respectfully, 

GEO.  B.  LOEI^^G, 
Commissioner  of  Agriculture. 


IN33EX. 


A. 

Page. 

Academy,  Military,  statement  of  the  Secretaiy  of  War  concerning. 306 

Naval,  report  of  the  Board  of  Visitors  to 542 

statement  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy  concerning 478 

superintendent  of  the,  report  of  the 510 

Adjutant-General  of  the  Army,  reports  of  the 334,  361 

Adjutant-Geaeral's  Department,  report  of  the  Secretary  of  War  concerning 306 

Agriculture,  remarks  of  President  Arthur  concerning 22 

report  of  the  Conunissioner  of 991 

Alaska,  statements  concerning,  by  President  ^Vrthur 22 

the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 71 

Alexander,  D.  S.,  Fifth  Auditor  of  the  Treasury,  report  of 272 

Almanac,  Nautical,  report  of  the  Superintendent  of  the . —      520 

American  ship-builtling,  remarks  of  President  Arthur  concerning 18 

Annual  message  of  the  President  to  Congress 3 

Architect  of  the  Capitol,  report  of  the 756 

Arctic  expeditions,  remarks  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy  concerning 403 

War  concerning 321 

statement  of  the  President  concerning 16,17 

j\jming  and  equipping  the  militia,  remarks  of  the  President  concerning 14 

Secretary  of  War  concerning.  _      309 

Armstrong,  W.  H.,  Commissioner  of  Kailroads,-report  of 671 

Army,  remarks  of  President  Arthur  concerning  the 14 

report  of  the  General  of  the 327 

suggestion  of  the  Secretary  of  War  concerning  the  — _ _.305,  324 

Arlington  Cemetery,  remarks  of  the  Secretary  of  War  concerning 312 

Artesian  vrells,  remarks  of  the  Commissioner  of  Agriculture  concerning 1004 

Artificial  limbs  and  appliances  for  soldiers 314,  408 

Artniery  militia,  remarks  of  the  Secretaiy  of  War  concerning 324 

school  at  Fortress  Monroe,  remarks  of  the  Secrettiry  of  War  concerning.       306 

Assets  and  liabilities  of  the  Treiusury,  statement  of 112, 114 

Atchison,  Topeka  and  Santa  Fti  Kailroad  Company 580,724 

Auditor  of  the  Treasury,  report  of  the  First 224 

Second _ 231 

Third... 2J3 

Fourth 256 

Fifth .- 272 

Sixth 280 

B. 

Banks,  national 41,  117 

dividends  of  national 169 

redemption  of  notes  by  national 42,  178 

savings,  organized  under  State  laws 120 

taxation  of  national 43, 162 

1007 


1008  INDEX. 

Page. 

Barracks  and  quarters,  Army — ^- 331,  3i>0,  395 

Marine - 539,  444,545 

Beardsley,  Charles,  Fonrth  Auditor  of  the  Treasury,  report  of. 256 

Bem't,  Stephen  V.,  Chief  of  Army  Ordnance,  report  of 443 

Blank  Agency  esliraates 835,  85;{ 

rUackfan,  Superintendent  of  Foreign  Mails,  report  of 945 

rUunt,  A.  J'.,  Brevet  Colonel,  report  on  the  Leavenworth  Military  Prison.. _ 4;J4 

Board  of  Visitors  to  the  Naval  Academy,  report  of — .542 

Botanical  divLsion  of  the  Department  t)f  Agriculture 9.')2 

Bonds,  redemption  of,  remarks  of  President  Arthur  concerning  the _..  0 

st.atement  of  the  Secretaiy  of  the  Treasury,  concerning 32 

Boys,  training  for  seamen 477 

]U-ooklyn,  New  York,  navy-yai-d 490 

Briice,  Blanche  K.,  KegLster  of  the  Treasury,  report  of.. 297 

Bnilding,  Departments,  construction  of,  report  on 431 

Buildings,  public 72,  323 

Building,  ship,  remarks  of  President  Arthur  concerning 18 

Burchard,  Hor.atio  C,  Director  of  the  Mint,  report  of 182 

Bureau  of  Construction  and  Kepairs,  report  of  the  Chief  of  the .'>30 

Engraving  and  Printing,  remarks  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  con- 
cerning          72 

Equipment  and  Recruiting,  report  of  the  Chief  of  the 497 

Internal  Eevenue,  report  of  the  Commissioner  of  the 79 

Military  Justice,  report  of  the  Chief  of  the 370 

Na\igation,  report  of  the  Chief  of  the 499 

Ordnance,  report  of  the  Chief  of  the  Army 443 

Provisions  and  Clothing,  report  of  the  Chief  of  the  Navy 537 

Steam-Engineering,  rejwrt  of  the  Chief  of  the 522 

Yards  and  Docks,  report  of  the  Chief  of  the 489 

C. 

Cadets,  at  the  Annapolis  Naval  Academy 473,  544,  546,  .548 

West  Point  Militaiy  Academy 306 

Capitol,  the  remarks  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  concemtng  the 59;*. 

report  of  the  Architect  of  the 7.i6 

Casey,  Thomas  Lincoln,  Lieutenant-Colonel,  report  of,  on  the  Department  build- 
ings . ___ 4:51 

Cemeteries,  national  military ,, 311.  394 

Census,  statement  of  the  President  concerning  the 21 

Secretaiy  of  the  Interior  concerning  the .      590 

Chandler,  William  E.,  Secretaiy  of  the  Navy,  rei)ort  of 4.53 

Charlestown  navy-yard 489 

Chili,  relations  with,  remarks  of  President  Arthur  concerning 7 

China,  relations  ■Rath,  remarks  of  President  Arthur  concerning 5 

Civil  service,  remarks  of  President  Arthur  concerning  the 23 

the  Commissioner  of  Internal  Eevenue  on 87 

Claim  agents 311,  398 

Claims  against  the  government _ 47,  247,  389,  393,  406,  407 

for  quartermaster's  stores _.. . .       398 

Clark,  Edward.  Architectof  the  Capitol,  report  of— . 756 

Clothing  and  equipage  of  the  iVrmy 39:1 

Coast  and  Geodotie  Survey,  statement  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy  concerning  the  .       4T5 
statement  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  concerning 

the 65 


INDEX.  1009 

Coin  and  paper  cun-oucy,  distribution  of 13-"i 

Coinage,  statement  of  the  Director  of  tlio  Jlint  couoeruinj; 1?  i 

President  concerning 10 

.Secretary  of  the  Treasury  couceminK 3S,  I'l 

Treasurer  of  tlie  United  .States  concrniing 'JUd 

Collisions  at  sea,  prevention  of,  remarks  of  the  President  concemiug  the 8 

Columbia  Institution  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb 597 

(  ommercc  and  navigation,  remarks  of  the  SceretarA'  of  the  TroaHury  concerning. .  5!) 

Commerce,  relations  of  the  Navy  to,  remarks  of  the  .Secretary  on  the... /|7!t 

Commissary-General,  report  of  the o9!) 

Commissioner  of  Agriculture,  report  of  the !l9l 

Customs,  rei>ort  of  the. "JlO 

Indum  Aflau-s,  report  of  the 01:5 

Internal  Ii'evenue,  report  of  the 7i> 

Land  Office,  report  of  the fiOl) 

Pensions,  report  of  the 7;J1 

liailroads,  report  of  the 6'7l 

Commissioners  of  .Soldiers'  Home,  report  of  the irii; 

Comptroller  of  the  Currency,  report  of  the-.. 117 

I'irst,  of  tho  Treasury,  report  of  the 210 

Second ,  of  the  Treasury,  report  of  tho 217 

Confederate  ^var-reco^ds,  remarks  of  the  Secretary  of  War  concerning  the :Wl] 

Conger,  P.  II.,  Sn]X'rintemk'nt  YelloAvstone  National  Park,  report  of 7n"> 

Contagions  of  domesticated  animals,  remarks  of  the  Commissioner  of  Agriculture 

on - 99t 

Crane,  C.  IL,  Snrgeon-General  of  the  Anny. 40r' 

Currency,  reiwrt  of  the  Comptroller  of  the 117 

Customs,  Commissioner  of,  repoil  of  the ,  :21',' 

statement  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  concerning  the  revenue  from  -W 

Customs  eases,  the  triitl  ol".  remarks  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  concenung- .  17 

D. 

Dtad  lettersin  the  ro^t-tJlliic  IXpartuunt.. 811 

I)e;»f  and  Dumb,  Columbia  luslitution  for  the r)ft* 

Debt,  public,  statement  of  the  Set-retarvof  tlie  Treasury  oone<rjiing ."il 

De  Krafl't,  J.  C.  P.,  hydrographer  of  tho  lUncau  of  Navigation .",(»!» 

l^fensos,  sea-coast  and  lake  frontier l.jti 

Department  of  Agriculture,  report  of  the  Commissioner  of DIM 

Director  of  the  Mint,  reiiovt  ol"  the l-^i 

Distilled  spirits,  internal-revenue  tav  on .S.-' 

Distilleries,  statist iis  eonceniing ■ Ion.  lOT 

Distinctive  pa^icr,  remarks  of  the  Secretary  ol'  the  Treasury  concerning '\ 

District  of  Columbia,  remarks  of  President  Artliur  concerning -.».■> 

the  Secretary  of  the  IVeasury  cimeerning ";: 

Divide  nds  of  iwlional  b.iiiks _ Id!* 

Drum,  IJichard  C.  Ailjutant-Gcneral,  re^wrts  of :}:>{,  :{(j  I 

Dudley.  William  W.,  Commissioner  of  Pensions,  reiwrt  of. 7ol 

Duties  on  imports,  remarks  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Trca.sury  on .").". 

K. 

Jjtlucation  in  the  Army,  remarks  of  the  Ailjutaut-Geucral  ou :!;;7 

Education,  statement  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  eonceniing r>(>l-.">6U 

War  concerning- - oI5 

61   Alj 


1010  INDEX. 

Page. 

Ela,  J.  H.,  Sixth  Auditor  of  the  Treasury,  reports  of.. .280,957 

Elections,  remarks  of  the  President  concerning __ 25 

Khiior,  Ivichard  A.,  Second  Assistant  Postmaster-General,  report  of— 840 

]':n<;ineer  Department,  remarks  of  the  Secretary  of  War  concerning  the 316 

Engineers,  report  of  the  Chief  of  Aniiy 435 

Enlistments  in  the  Army  .._ - - - --". 316,  334 

English,  Earl,  cliief  of  Bureau  of  Equipment  and  Recruiting,  report  of 498 

Engraving  and  Printing,  Bureau  of,  remarks  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  con- 
cerning the Ti 

Entomological  Division  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture,  statement  of  the  Com- 
missioner of  Agi'iculture  concerning  the 995 

Epidemic  diseases,  preventing  the  spread  of,  remarks  of  the  Secretary  of  the 

Treasury  concerning 70 

P^quipment  and  Recruiting,  Bureau  of,  report  of  the  chief  of 497 

Estimates  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1882 27 

1883 30 

1884 _ 31 

Executive  appointments,  statement  of  the  President  concerning 24 

Expenditures  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30, 1882. _ 27 

1883. 30 

1884. _. 31 

Exports  and  imports 60 

Extension  and  imiirovement  of  the  Capitol  gi'ounds 593 

F. 

Fermented  and  distilled  liquors,  internal-revenue  tax  on 88, 100 

Ferriss,  Orange,  Second  Auditor  of  the  Treasury,  report  of 231 

Finances,  remarks  of  President  Arthur  concerning  the 8 

Folger,  Charles  J.,  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  report  of 27 

Forage  for  the  Army 310,388 

Ford,  S.  Calvert,  inspector  of  gas  and  meters,  report  of 795 

Foreign  coins,  value  of. 190 

commerce,  statement  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  concerning 58 

mail  service 816 

Forestry',  remarks  of  the  Commissioner  of  Agriculture  concerning 1003 

statement  of  President  Arthur  concerning 22 

Fractional  paper  currency,  statement  of  the  Treasurer  of  the  United  States  con- 
cerning   290 

Free  del  i very  of  postal  matters,  statement  concerning 802 

Freedman's  Hospital,  report  of  the  surgeon-in-chief  of 762 

statement  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  concerning 595 

Funding  the  puhlic  debt,  remarks  of  the  Comptroller  of  the  Currency  conceniing.  127 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury  concerning...  43 

G. 

Gallaudet,  Edward  M.,  President  of  the  Institution  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb 763 

General  of  the  Army,  report  of  the 327 

Geodetic  Survey,  statement  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  concerning 65 

Geogiaphical  and  Lake  Survey  maps 441 

Geologiciil  Survey,  remarks  of  tlie  Secretary  of  the  Interior  concerning... 588 

GilfiUan,  James,  Treasurer  of  the  United  States,  report  of. 281 

Gold  bullion _ _.. 39,136 

certificates,  the  issue  of,  remarks  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  concerning.  36,  37 


INDEX.  1011 

H. 

Page. 

Hancock,  "Winficld  S.,  Major-General,  of  the  Army,  report  of. 357 

Hattou,  Frank,  First  Assistant  Postmaster-General,  report  of 846 

Hazen,  A.. D.,^Third  Assistant  Postmaster-General,  report  of 918 

Health  of  the  Army - 410 

Navy 472 

Horses,  mules,,  and  oxen  purchased  for  the  Army 310 

Hospital,  Freedman'a,  report  of  the... 762 

•  statement  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  concerning 595 

Insane,  report  of  the  Board  of  Visitors  to  the 775 

statement  of  the  Secretary  of  tlie  Interior  concerning 596 

War  concerning 308 

Marine,  statement  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  concerning 66 

Hospitals,  appropriation  for . 396 

Hot  Springs  reservation 598,  603 

reiwrt  of  the  Superintendent  of  the 788 

Howe,  Timothy  O. ,  Postmaster-General,  report  of 799 

Hydrographic  Office,  Superintendent  of  the,  rejiort  of 509 

I. 

Immigration  to  this  country,  remarks  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasuryconcemlng..  68 

Imports  and  exjwrts 10,  60 

Indemnity  funds,  remarks  of  President  Arthur  concerning 5 

Indian  Aflairs,  report  of  the  Commissioner  of.. 1 613 

statement  of  the  President  concerning 620,  21 

Secretary  of  the  Interior  concerning 555 

War  concerning 325 

Indian  agents _ 615 

Indian  education,  remarks  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  concerning 565 

prisoners,  supplies  issued  to 405 

reservations,  remarks  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  concerning 560 

titles  to  lands 558 

trust  fund 561 

Infantry  and  Cavalr;^ School,  at  Fort  Leavenworth,  remarks  of  the  Secretary'  of 

War  concerning 306 

Ingalls,  Rufus,  Quartermaster-General  of  the  Army,  report  of 12^ 

Insane  Asylum,  report  of  the  Board  of  Visitors 775 

statement  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  concerning  the . 596 

War  concerning  the 3O8 

Hospital. 367 

Inspector-General  of  the  Army,  report  of  the 340 

Inspectorof  Gas  and  Meters,  rejiortofthe 795 

Interior  Department  huilding 59I 

Interior,  Secretary  of  the,  report  of  the 555 

Internal  Kevenne,  remarks  of  the  President  concerning H 

report  of  the  Commissioner  of 79 

statement  of  the  Secretary  concerning 47 

Interoceanic  Canal,  remarks  of  the  Pre.«iident  concerning  the _ 3 

Internal  ta.xes,  reduction  of.. 4g 

Invalid  pensions ^q- 

J. 

Japanese  Government,  relations  witli,  rrniarks  of  President  Arthur  concerning..  5 

Jeannette  expedition,  remarks  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy  concerning  the 463 


1012  INDEX. 

Page. 

Johuaon,  Henry  C,  Coniinissioner  of  Cii.stoms,  report  of _ 219 

.Jolinson.  r.  C.  Chiof  Sifitiul  Ofilwr,  report  of. -. GIO 

Judge-Advorfitc-Gonoral  of  tho  Army,  report  of  the .._-      370 


Keightly,  E.  \V.,  Third  Auditor  of  the  Treasury,  report  of 21:5 

Kellcy,  B.  F.,  Superintendent  of  Hot  Springs  Reservatiou,  report  of. 788 

Knox,  John  Jaj-,  Comptroller  of  the  Currencj',  report  of 117 

L. 

Laud-grant  railroad.s - .-..21,  310,  392,  400,  581 

Lands,  public,  statement  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  concerning ."569 

La  wrence,  William,  P'irst  Compt  roller  of  the  Treasury,  report  of 210 

League  Island,  navy-yard  at 491 

Leavenworth  military  prison 349,  424 

Legal-tender  notes,  statement  of  the  Comptroller  of  the  Currency  concerning.,.  126,  171 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury  concerning 37,  72 

Life-vSaving  Service 63.  477 

Light-house  eetablishment,  remarks  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  concerning-        (H 
Light-house  Service  and  Coast  Survey,  transfer  of,  remarks  of  the  President  con- 
cerning   17 

Lincoln,  Robert  T.,  Secretary  of  War,  report  of ^504 

Loring,  G  eorge  B. ,  Commisvsioner  of  Agriculture,  report  of 1>91 

M. 

McCawley,  commandant  of  the  Marine  Coii)s,  report  of 53d 

MacDonald,  C.  F.,  Superintendent  Money -Order  System,  report  of 938 

McDowell,  Irvin,  Major-General,  report  of 363 

McFarland,  N.  C,  Commissioner  of  the  General  Land  Office,  report  of 600 

Macfceley,  Eobert,  Commissary-General,  report  of 399 

3Iail  depredation,  statement  of  the  Postmaster-General  concerning 817 

traiLsportation,  remarks  of  the  President  concerning ^ 18 

Major-General  of  the  Army,  report  of 357 

Maps,  Army 441,442 

post-route 817 

Signal-Service ._      502 

Mare  Island,  California,  navy-yard  at _      49:; 

;Marine  Corps,  remarks  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy  conceniiug  the 472 

hospitals 488 

Medical  Dei>artment,  Army,  report  of  the  Surgeon-General  of  the 40S 

ptatement  of  the  Secretary  of  War  concerning  the  ..      313 

Medical  Museum  and  Library  of  the  Army 415-417 

Merchant  mariHe,  decline  of  the,  remarks  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Xavy  concerning 

the _ 4S0 

:Messag©  of  the  President  to  CongreSi=i,  the  annual 3 

Mexico,  relations  Avith,  remarks  of  President  Arthur  concerning 6 

^lilitary  Academy,  statement  of  the  Secretary  of  War  conceniing 306 

cemeteries _ 311,394 

coU^es 306,333 

.Justice,  Bureau  of,  remarks  of  the  Socretaiy  of  War  concerning  the 309 

l>ost« _ 305,306,333,333 

prison  at  Leavenworth,  Kansas,  ioi>or t  concerning  the 424 


INDEX.  1013 

Pa -I. 
Military  prison  at  LoavonATortli.  Kansas,  statement  of  the  Secretary  of  War  con- 
cerning tlie ?>08 

reservatiou-s •'^''' 

sites  in  Texas "'i'^ 

-Militia,  arming  and  equipping  the 419 

Mint,  report  of  the  Director  of  the l*^-- 

Miflsissippi  Kiver,  improvement  of  the ir>,  141 

Money-<)rder  postiil  system,  report  of  the  rostmaster-Geueral  concerning •"> 

Monitors,  donble-turretcd,  remarks  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy  conceniing 4T0,  472 

report  of  the  Chief  of  the  liureauof  Steam-F.nijiueering 

concerning. - --  "'"-9 

N. 

National-hank  notes,  redemption  of,  remarks  of  tlie  Secretaiy  of  the  Treasury 

concerning  the •''1 

National  banks,  dividends  of Ifi" 

redemption  of •-!•.") 

remarks  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  concerning 41 

taxation  of '"^  1*'' 

National  Board  of  Health,  remarks  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  concerning  the .  7(  t 

National  military  cemeteries,  remarks  of  the  Secretary  of  War  concerning oil 

Nautical  Almanac  and  Anieriaiu  Ephemeris '>0-> 

Naval  Academy,  remarks  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy  concerning 473 

report  of  the  I'.oard  of  Visitors  of  the •'»4:'2 

Superintendent  of  the «>4U 

Advisory  Board,  report  of  the •>36 

affairs,  remarks  of  the  President  concerning ll> 

report  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy  on -15;; 

asylums 174,  495 

bureaus 474 

cruising  stations 46;2 

wiuipment  and  recruiting 4C9 

expenditures 1 474 

hospi  ta  1  improvements 462 

hyd  rography oO'i 

Jeanuette  expedition 4G3 

Marine  Corps 47'2 

medicine  and  surgery 47:i 

Observatory .* _ .173 

Signal  Service oOl 

steam-engineering 46I( 

squadrons ._ 453,  4G3 

yard  a  and  docks 4  69 

Navy,  reconstruction  of  the,  remarks  of  President  Arthur  coucerning  the 17 

Navy-yoids,  report  on  the,  at — 

Brooklyn 490 

Charleston _ _  4^9 

Key  West 494 

Le;»gue  Ishuid 491 

Mare  Island 493 

Norfolk 492 

Pensiicola 492 


1014  INDEX. 

i 

Page. 

Navy-yards,  report  on  the,  at  Portsmouth,  N,  H --  489 

"Washington - 491 

Navy -yards,  workmen  in,  remarks  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy  concerning _  459 

Newcomb,  Simon,  Prof. ,  Superintendent  of  Nautical  Almanac,  report  of 520 

Newspaper  postage,  remarks  of  the  Postmaster-General  concerning 818 

Nichols,  Edward  T.,  Chief  of  Bureau  of  Yards  and  Docks,  report  of. 489 

ISftcholson,  "VV.  L.,  Topographer  Post-Office  Department,  report  of 953 

Norfolk,  navy-yard  at * -  492 

O. 

Observatory,  Naval ,  Superintendent  of  the,  report  of-. 504 

Ocean  mails,  statement  concerning  the 81G 

Oflicers  of  the  Army,  retirement  of,  remarks  of  the  Secretary  of  War  concerning..  324 

Official  salaries,  remarks  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  concerning. 572 

Ordnance,  Army,  reiwrt  of  the  Chief  of 443 

statement  of  the  Secretary  of  War  concerning 318 

Navy,  statement  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy  concerning 468 

Oregon  and  California  Railroad  Company.. _ 709 

P. 

Pacific  Railroad,  sinking  fund,  remarks  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  concern- 
ing  -  29 

Pacific  Railroads,  report  of  the  Auditor  on 719 

Paper  currency,  remarks  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  concerning 36 

Patent  Office,  statement  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  concerning  the 573 

Patents,  the  Commissioner  of,  remarks  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  on  report  of.  573 

Pay  of  the  Army,  remarks  of  the  Secretary  of  War  concerning 315 

Paymaster-General  of  the  Army,  report  of  the 421 

Pensacola,  navy-yard  at 492 

Pensions,  Army ^^307,411 

Navy 585 

report  of  the  Commissioner  of 734 

'  statement  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  concerning 585, 586 

Treasury  concerning 53 

Political  assessments,  remarks  of  President  Arthur  relatingto 24 

Polygamy,  remarks  of  President  Arthur  concerning 21 

Porter,  David  D.,  Admiral,  report  of 549 

Portsmouth,  navy-yard  at 489 

Postal  money-order  system 815 

savings  depositories _ 821 

service,  remarks  of  President  Arthur  concerning 19 

telegraph  system 821 

Postmaster-General,  report  of  the 799 

President,  annual  message  of  the,  to  Congress 3 

Presidential  elections,  remarks  of  President  Arthur  concerning 25 

Price,  Hiram,  Commissioner  of  Indian  Aflfaiis,  report  of C13 

Prison,  military,  at  Leavenworth,  report  concerning  the 424 

Private  land  claims,  report  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  concerning 571 

Public  buildings,  remarks  of  the  Chief  of  Engineers  concerning 440 

report  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  concerning 573, 593 

statement  of  the  Architect  of  the  Capitol  concerning 756 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury  concerning 72 


INDEX.  1015 

Page. 
Public  debt,  reduction  of  the,  remarks  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  concemuig.  42,  49 

Public  lands,  statcmeut  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  conceruiug oG9 

Public  moneys,  statement  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  concerning 45 

Purvis,  C.  B. ,  Surgeon-in-chief  of  the  Freedman's  Hospit;il 7G2 

Q. 

Quartermaster-General,  report  of  the ^•'^l 

Quartermaster's  Department,  statement  of  the  Secretary  of  War  concerning 309 

Quarters  and  barracks,  statement  of  the  Quart emiaster-Geueral  concerning 31)5 

li. 

Railroad,  Pacitic,  Atlantic  and  Central ._ 719 

Central  Branch  Union 581,714 

Kans;is G97 

Missouri 712 

Northern  ._. _ 1 578,702 

Sioux  City  and. -_ 581,728 

Southern — 579,720 

Texas 71G 

Union 575,  57G,  G94, 714 

Railroads,  statement  of  the  Quartermaster-General  concerning  the 391 

Secretary  of  the  Interior  concerning  the 574 

Railroad  transportation  of  the  Army 391 

Ramsay,  F.  M. ,  Superintendent  of  the  Naval  Academy,  report  of 540 

liatiou,  the  Army 312,405 

Rauiu,  Green  B. ,  Commissioner  of  Internal  Revenue,  report  of 79 

Receipts  and  expenditures  of  the  government 29 

Records  of  the  war  of  the  rebellion,  preparation  of  the 323 

publication  of,  the  report  of 423 

Recruiting  for  the  Army 340 

Navy 498 

Redeemed  securities,  destruction  of,  remarks  of  the  Secretary  concerning  the 72 

Redemption  of  national-bank  notes 42,51 

United  States  bonds ...1 32 

Reduction  of  taxes,  remarks  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  concerning  the 48 

Refunding  cortiticates 33 

Register  of  the  Treasury,  report  of  the 297 

Ragistercd  letters,  remarks  of  the  I'ostnuister-Gencral  concerning 815 

Rep-irt  of  the  Adjutant-General  of  the  Army ^ 334 

Architect  of  the  Capitol  extension 75G 

Auditor  oftbi'  Tiv:i-;my,  First 224 

Second _ 231 

Third 243 

Fourth  ._ _ 25G 

Fifth 272 

Sixth „ 280 

Board  of  Visitors  to  the  Ins;iue  Asyhim 775 

Naval  Aiadeniy 512 

Chief  of  Engineei-s i'.lTt 

the  Bureau  of  Ck)nstnu-tiun  and  Ifepair,  Navy 530 

Eiiuipment  and  Kecruiting,  Navy 497 

Military  Justice,  Army 370 

ii'avigation,  Navy , ,       499 


1016  INDEX. 

ra;;'c. 

J,'('1i(m(  ol'tlic  CliiiroC  11?l>  !'.nvf;m  of  Ordnance,  Army ---  4^1:5 

I'rovi.siojisi  and.  Clot  lii  ng,  Navy 537 

Steam  Engi  neci'iii  g,  Na\-j'  - 5212 

Yards  and  Doeks __  Af<9 

ChicfSignalOiriccrofthoNavy 51!) 

Commandant  of  the  Marine  Coiiis —  5:!k 

Commi.ssarj'-Gcncral  of  Subsistence :VJ9 

Commissioner  oi'  ,\griculture —  991 

( 'ustoms 219 

Indian  Ailairs Olo 

Jnternal  Ivcvenue 79 

Land  Ofilce GO!) 

Pensions 7:M 

Jlailroads 071 

Commissioners  (jf  Soldiers'  Home -  120 

Compti'ollerof  the  Cnrreucy 117 

Treasury,  First. 210 

Second 217 

Director  of  tlu' i\lint 182 

Union  Pacific  liailroad (>94 

G  eneral  of  the  A  rmy  of  the  United  States 327 . 

ou  the  LeaveUAVorth  military  iirisou 333 

Hydrographer  to  tlie  Bureau  of  Xavigation 509 

Inspector-General  of  the  Army 342 

Inspector  of  Gas  and  Meters 795 

Judge-Advocate-General 370 

Lieutenant-G eneral  of  the  Army 353 

]\Iajor-General  of  the  Army 357 

Paymaster-General  of  the  Army 421 

Postmaster-Geueral 799 

President  of  the  Deaf  aud  Dumh  Institution 597 

l^esident  of  the  Naval  AdAisoiy  Board 536 

Publication  of  war  records 423 

Qilartcrmaster-G eneral  of  the  Army  _ d^l 

Kegister  of  the  Ti-easury 2!)7 

Secretary  of  the  Interior 555 

Navy 453 

Treasury _ 27 

AVar 301 

Signal  Oflieer  of  the  Na\y 51 9 

Supcrintendetnt  of  the  Blank  Ag^icy .- 835,  853 

Foreign  Alails   945 

Hot  Springs  Reservation 788 

Ilydrographic  Office,  Navy 509 

Institution  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb 703 

Jloney-Order  Sv-stem __  938 

Nautical  Almanac  520 

Naval  Academy 540 

Observatory 504 

Railway  Mail  Ser\-ice 895 

Yel  lowstone  National  Park 790 

Surgeon-iu-Chief  of  the  Frecdman's  Hospital,  reiwrl  oi*.  _ 702 

SuTgeon-Geueral  of  the  A  nn  v 40S 


INDEX.  *  1017 

I'age. 

IJcport  of  tlic  Topographer  of  the  Post-Oflice  Dt-partinent 95:5 

Treasurer  of  the  Ignited  States •J'-'l 

Visitors  to  the  Insuiie  Asylum TTf) 

licserve  of  the  national  banks .jr2,2S} 

l^osunipliou  of  S|»ede  payments,  remarks  of  the  Comptroller  on 1"'(> 

President  on 10.  11 

iSeoretaiy  on '■'' 

Treasurer  on '2Mo 

llevouue  from  customs  for  the  fiscal  year 4G 

llevennc  marine,  statement  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasarj',  concerning  the H'* 

Reynolds,  Poljert  M. ,  First  Aiiditor  of  the  Treasur\*,  report  of -       '22 1 

Iwifle  jnactii*  in  the  Army 341 

Kiver  and  harbor  improvements,  remarks  of  President  Arthur  concerning 11 

roi)ort  of  the  Secretary  of  War  conc«  rning :UT 

Uochester,  William  I>.,  Paymaster-fJencral  of  the  Army,  report  of.- I'il 

JRowan,  S.  C,  Admiral.  Superintendent  of  the  Obsen'atory,  report  of 604 

S. 

Sacket,  1).  15.,  Inspeotor-(  k-neval  of  the  Army,  report  of 342 

San  Carlos  reservation,  reniarks  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  concerning  the..       .'jof. 

Savings  banks 120, 156, 157 

Scott,  Capt.  Thomas  X.,  report  of,  on  the  publication  of  war  records 42.'5 

Sea-c«ast  defenses  -_. -. 14,  316,436 

Sheridan,  P.  H.,  Lieutenant-CJ<ueral,  report  of '^^> 

Shennan,  W.  T.,  General  of  the  Army,  re)x>rt of 327 

Ship-buildiug,  remarks  of  President  Arthur  concerning 18 

Shock,  W.  ]{.,  Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Steam  Engineering,  re^wrt  of 522 

Shufeldt,  K.  W.,  President  of  Xaval  Advisory  Board,  re^wrtof 536 

Signal  Coi-ps 305 

^Signal  Service,  remarks  of  the  Secretary  of  War  concerning  the 321 

Silver  bullion 39,  41,  185 

certificates,  statement  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Ti'easuiy  concerning 35 

coinage _ _ 10,  11,  35,  36 

remarks  of  the  Direi'tor  of  the  Mint  on 182 

President  on 10, 11 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury  on 3S 

United  States  Treasurer  on 288,  290 

Signal  OfScer  of  the  Xa\'j',  report  of  llie  Chief 51 9 

Sinking  fund,  remarks  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  concerning  the 28 

statement  of  the  Secn-tary  of  the  Interior  concerning  the 577 

Six  jxT  cent,  and  five  per  cent,  bonds,  statement  of  the  Comptroller  of  tlie  Ciir- 

reuiy  concerning 127 

Smith,  J.  A.,  Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Clothing  and  Provisions,  rejiort  of 537 

Soldiers'  Home,  Commi.^sioners  of  the,  report  of  the 426 

remarks  of  the  Secretary  of  War  concerning  the 30S 

South  Pass  of  the  ^lississippi  Piver,  improvement  of  the 318 

Specie  payments,  statement  of  the  Secretiiry  of  the  Treasury  concerning 36,  37 

Trciisurer  concerning '2"<5 

Spirits,  distilled,  statistics  concerning 96 

Siiuadrons,  remarks  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy  ctmceming  the 4©2 

statement  of  l*resident  Arthur  concerning  the 16 

Stamps,  internal -revenue,  redemption  of 89 

post;il.vci>ort  on 923 


1018  INDEX. 

Pago. 

Standard  silver  dollar,  fltatemeut  of  the  Recrelary  of  the  Treasury  concernin<j;  the  35 

United  .States  Treasurer  coucerning  the.  -  287 

.State,  War,  and  Navy  Departments  building,  report  on  the 481 

statement  of  the  Secretary  of  War 

concerning 323 

Steamboat  inspection,  statement  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  concerning —  67 

Steamship  mail  senice,  appropriation  for 840 

.Steam-Engineering,  Naval  Bureau  of,  chief  of  the  report  of 552 

Subsistence  Department,  report  of  the  Commissary-General 399 

statement  of  the  Secretary  of  War  concerning  the 312 

Sugar  from  beets,  remarks  of  the  Commissioner  of  Agriculture  on 993 

Naval  Academy,  report  of  the , 540 

Surgeon-General  of  the  Army,  report  of  the 408 

Surgical  records  of  the  Army,  division  of 413 

Swain,  D.  S. ,  Judge- Advocate-General,  report  of - —  370 

T. 

Tariff  Commission,  remarks  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  concerning  the 56 

Tariff  laws,  remarks  of  President  Arthur  concerning 13 

Taxation,  reduction  of,  statement  of  the  Commission  on  Internal  Revenue 80 

Taxation  of  national  bauks,  remarks  of  President  Arthur  concerning 43,44 

railroad  lands,  remarks  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  concerning..  582 

upon  liquors  and  tobacco,  remarks  of  the  President  concerning  the 12, 13 

Taxes,  reduction  of,  statement  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  concerning 48 

Tea  culture,  remarks  of  the  Commissioner  of  Agriculture  concerning 992 

Telegraph,  military,  remarks  of  the  Secretary  of  War  concerning 322 

Teller,  H.  M.,  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  report  of  __' 555 

Tenth  Census,  remarks  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  concerning 590 

Tenure  of  office,  remarks  of  President  Arthur  concerning 23 

Texas  and  Pacific  Eailway  Company 716 

Texas,  military  station,  purchase  of 397 

Three  and  a  half  per  cent,  bonds,  statement  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasurj' con- 
cerning    34,  38 

Thompson,  W.  B.,  Superintendent  of  Kaihvay  Service,  report  of 895 

Tobacco,  internal-revenue  tax  on 92,96 

supply  of,  to  the  Army 403 

Torpedo  defense,  Army . 437 

Naval _ -469,551 

Trade  in  American  and  foreign  countries,  remarks  of  President  Arthur  on 18 

the  Secretary  of  the  Treas- 
ury on 59 

Training  boys  for  seamen 477 

Transit  of  Venus.. _ _ 50G-508 

Transportation  of  the  Army 390 

Treasurer  of  the  United  States,  report  of  the 281 

Ti-ea.sury,  report  of  Charles  J.  Folger,  Secretary  of  the 27 

Trust-fund  bonds,  remarks  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  concerning 33 

U. 

Union  Pacific  Eailroad  Director,  report  of  the 694 

United  States  bonds,  .statement  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  concerning .'^2 

Upton,  W.  W.,  Second  Comptroller  of  the  Currency,  report  of.. 217 


INDEX.  1019 

Page. 

Utah  Territory --      592 

Ut€  Indians 653 

V. 

Venezuela,  the  government  of,  remarks  of  the  President  concerning 6 

Venus,  observations  on  the  transit  of 506-508 

Veterinary  division  of  the  Department  of  AgiiciilturL-.. 998 

surgeons 336 

W. 

Walker,  J.  G. ,  chief  of  Bureau  of  Navigation,  report  of... 504 

"W'agon  transportation  of  the  Aniiy 389,  39:5 

Walker,  John  G.,  chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Navigation,  report  of 499 

War  records,  Union  and  confederate 423 

War,  report  of  Robert  T.  Lincoln,  Secretary  of 304 

War,  vessels  of  the  Navy,  statement  of  the  Secretary  concerning 453 

Washington  Aqueduct,  remarks  of  the  Chief  of  Engineers  concerning 440 

Washington,  navy-yard  at 491 

AVater  transportation  of  the  Army 393 

Wilson,  T.  D.,  chief  of  Bureau  of  Construction  and  Repair,  report  of 530 

Wright,  H.  G.,  Major-General,  Chief  of  Engineers,  report  of 435 

y. 

Yards  and  Docks,  Bureau  of,  remarks  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy  concerning..      469 

report  of  the  Chief  of  the  Bureau  of 489 

Yellowstone  National  Park 598,790 

Yorktown,  Virginia,  monument  at 323 


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